3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * "It's a big house this, and very peculiar. Always a bit more to discover,
13 * and no knowing what you'll find around a corner. And Elves, sir!" --Samwise
23 /* XXX I can't imagine anyone who doesn't have this actually _needs_
24 it, since pid_t is an integral type.
27 #ifdef NEED_GETPID_PROTO
28 extern Pid_t getpid (void);
31 /* variations on pp_null */
36 if (GIMME_V == G_SCALAR)
52 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
53 SAVECLEARSV(PAD_SVl(PL_op->op_targ));
55 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF) {
59 if (GIMME == G_SCALAR)
60 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't return array to lvalue scalar context");
65 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
66 I32 maxarg = AvFILL((AV*)TARG) + 1;
68 if (SvMAGICAL(TARG)) {
70 for (i=0; i < (U32)maxarg; i++) {
71 SV **svp = av_fetch((AV*)TARG, i, FALSE);
72 SP[i+1] = (svp) ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef;
76 Copy(AvARRAY((AV*)TARG), SP+1, maxarg, SV*);
80 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
81 SV* sv = sv_newmortal();
82 I32 maxarg = AvFILL((AV*)TARG) + 1;
95 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
96 SAVECLEARSV(PAD_SVl(PL_op->op_targ));
97 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF)
100 if (GIMME == G_SCALAR)
101 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't return hash to lvalue scalar context");
105 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
108 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
109 SV* sv = Perl_hv_scalar(aTHX_ (HV*)TARG);
117 DIE(aTHX_ "NOT IMPL LINE %d",__LINE__);
128 tryAMAGICunDEREF(to_gv);
131 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVIO) {
132 GV *gv = (GV*) sv_newmortal();
133 gv_init(gv, 0, "", 0, 0);
134 GvIOp(gv) = (IO *)sv;
135 (void)SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
138 else if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVGV)
139 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a GLOB reference");
142 if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVGV) {
146 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
151 if (!SvOK(sv) && sv != &PL_sv_undef) {
152 /* If this is a 'my' scalar and flag is set then vivify
155 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpDEREF) {
158 if (cUNOP->op_targ) {
160 SV *namesv = PAD_SV(cUNOP->op_targ);
161 name = SvPV(namesv, len);
162 gv = (GV*)NEWSV(0,0);
163 gv_init(gv, CopSTASH(PL_curcop), name, len, 0);
166 name = CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop);
169 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_RV)
170 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_RV);
176 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF ||
177 PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS)
178 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, "a symbol");
179 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
184 if ((PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) &&
185 !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD))
187 sv = (SV*)gv_fetchpv(sym, FALSE, SVt_PVGV);
189 && (!is_gv_magical(sym,len,0)
190 || !(sv = (SV*)gv_fetchpv(sym, TRUE, SVt_PVGV))))
196 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS)
197 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_symref, sym, "a symbol");
198 sv = (SV*)gv_fetchpv(sym, TRUE, SVt_PVGV);
202 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
203 save_gp((GV*)sv, !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
215 tryAMAGICunDEREF(to_sv);
218 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
222 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a SCALAR reference");
230 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
231 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
237 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF ||
238 PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS)
239 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, "a SCALAR");
240 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
245 if ((PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) &&
246 !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD))
248 gv = (GV*)gv_fetchpv(sym, FALSE, SVt_PV);
250 && (!is_gv_magical(sym,len,0)
251 || !(gv = (GV*)gv_fetchpv(sym, TRUE, SVt_PV))))
257 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS)
258 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_symref, sym, "a SCALAR");
259 gv = (GV*)gv_fetchpv(sym, TRUE, SVt_PV);
264 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD) {
265 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
266 if (cUNOP->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL)
267 sv = save_scalar((GV*)TOPs);
269 sv = save_scalar(gv);
271 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_localize_ref);
273 else if (PL_op->op_private & OPpDEREF)
274 vivify_ref(sv, PL_op->op_private & OPpDEREF);
284 SV *sv = AvARYLEN(av);
286 AvARYLEN(av) = sv = NEWSV(0,0);
287 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_IV);
288 sv_magic(sv, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_arylen, Nullch, 0);
296 dSP; dTARGET; dPOPss;
298 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET) {
299 if (SvTYPE(TARG) < SVt_PVLV) {
300 sv_upgrade(TARG, SVt_PVLV);
301 sv_magic(TARG, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_pos, Nullch, 0);
305 if (LvTARG(TARG) != sv) {
307 SvREFCNT_dec(LvTARG(TARG));
308 LvTARG(TARG) = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
310 PUSHs(TARG); /* no SvSETMAGIC */
316 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(sv)) {
317 mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global);
318 if (mg && mg->mg_len >= 0) {
322 PUSHi(i + PL_curcop->cop_arybase);
336 /* We usually try to add a non-existent subroutine in case of AUTOLOAD. */
337 /* (But not in defined().) */
338 CV *cv = sv_2cv(TOPs, &stash, &gv, !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
341 cv = (CV*)sv_2mortal((SV*)cv_clone(cv));
342 if ((PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)) {
343 if (gv && GvCV(gv) == cv && (gv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(gv), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv), FALSE)))
346 DIE(aTHX_ "Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call");
350 cv = (CV*)&PL_sv_undef;
364 if (SvPOK(TOPs) && SvCUR(TOPs) >= 7) {
365 char *s = SvPVX(TOPs);
366 if (strnEQ(s, "CORE::", 6)) {
369 code = keyword(s + 6, SvCUR(TOPs) - 6);
370 if (code < 0) { /* Overridable. */
371 #define MAX_ARGS_OP ((sizeof(I32) - 1) * 2)
372 int i = 0, n = 0, seen_question = 0;
374 char str[ MAX_ARGS_OP * 2 + 2 ]; /* One ';', one '\0' */
376 if (code == -KEY_chop || code == -KEY_chomp)
378 while (i < MAXO) { /* The slow way. */
379 if (strEQ(s + 6, PL_op_name[i])
380 || strEQ(s + 6, PL_op_desc[i]))
386 goto nonesuch; /* Should not happen... */
388 oa = PL_opargs[i] >> OASHIFT;
390 if (oa & OA_OPTIONAL && !seen_question) {
394 else if (n && str[0] == ';' && seen_question)
395 goto set; /* XXXX system, exec */
396 if ((oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) >= OA_AVREF
397 && (oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) <= OA_SCALARREF
398 /* But globs are already references (kinda) */
399 && (oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) != OA_FILEREF
403 str[n++] = ("?$@@%&*$")[oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)];
407 ret = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(str, n - 1));
409 else if (code) /* Non-Overridable */
411 else { /* None such */
413 DIE(aTHX_ "Can't find an opnumber for \"%s\"", s+6);
417 cv = sv_2cv(TOPs, &stash, &gv, FALSE);
419 ret = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(SvPVX(cv), SvCUR(cv)));
428 CV* cv = (CV*)PAD_SV(PL_op->op_targ);
430 cv = (CV*)sv_2mortal((SV*)cv_clone(cv));
446 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
450 *MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
451 *MARK = refto(*MARK);
455 EXTEND_MORTAL(SP - MARK);
457 *MARK = refto(*MARK);
462 S_refto(pTHX_ SV *sv)
466 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVLV && LvTYPE(sv) == 'y') {
469 if (!(sv = LvTARG(sv)))
472 (void)SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
474 else if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVAV) {
475 if (!AvREAL((AV*)sv) && AvREIFY((AV*)sv))
478 (void)SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
480 else if (SvPADTMP(sv) && !IS_PADGV(sv))
484 (void)SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
487 sv_upgrade(rv, SVt_RV);
501 if (sv && SvGMAGICAL(sv))
504 if (!sv || !SvROK(sv))
508 pv = sv_reftype(sv,TRUE);
509 PUSHp(pv, strlen(pv));
519 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
525 if (ssv && !SvGMAGICAL(ssv) && !SvAMAGIC(ssv) && SvROK(ssv))
526 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Attempt to bless into a reference");
528 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC) && len == 0)
529 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
530 "Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)");
531 stash = gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, TRUE);
534 (void)sv_bless(TOPs, stash);
548 elem = SvPV(sv, n_a);
552 switch (elem ? *elem : '\0')
555 if (strEQ(elem, "ARRAY"))
556 tmpRef = (SV*)GvAV(gv);
559 if (strEQ(elem, "CODE"))
560 tmpRef = (SV*)GvCVu(gv);
563 if (strEQ(elem, "FILEHANDLE")) {
564 /* finally deprecated in 5.8.0 */
565 deprecate("*glob{FILEHANDLE}");
566 tmpRef = (SV*)GvIOp(gv);
569 if (strEQ(elem, "FORMAT"))
570 tmpRef = (SV*)GvFORM(gv);
573 if (strEQ(elem, "GLOB"))
577 if (strEQ(elem, "HASH"))
578 tmpRef = (SV*)GvHV(gv);
581 if (strEQ(elem, "IO"))
582 tmpRef = (SV*)GvIOp(gv);
585 if (strEQ(elem, "NAME"))
586 sv = newSVpvn(GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv));
589 if (strEQ(elem, "PACKAGE")) {
590 if (HvNAME(GvSTASH(gv)))
591 sv = newSVpv(HvNAME(GvSTASH(gv)), 0);
593 sv = newSVpv("__ANON__",0);
597 if (strEQ(elem, "SCALAR"))
611 /* Pattern matching */
616 register unsigned char *s;
619 register I32 *sfirst;
623 if (sv == PL_lastscream) {
629 SvSCREAM_off(PL_lastscream);
630 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_lastscream);
632 PL_lastscream = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
635 s = (unsigned char*)(SvPV(sv, len));
639 if (pos > PL_maxscream) {
640 if (PL_maxscream < 0) {
641 PL_maxscream = pos + 80;
642 New(301, PL_screamfirst, 256, I32);
643 New(302, PL_screamnext, PL_maxscream, I32);
646 PL_maxscream = pos + pos / 4;
647 Renew(PL_screamnext, PL_maxscream, I32);
651 sfirst = PL_screamfirst;
652 snext = PL_screamnext;
654 if (!sfirst || !snext)
655 DIE(aTHX_ "do_study: out of memory");
657 for (ch = 256; ch; --ch)
664 snext[pos] = sfirst[ch] - pos;
671 /* piggyback on m//g magic */
672 sv_magic(sv, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global, Nullch, 0);
681 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
687 TARG = sv_newmortal();
692 /* Lvalue operators. */
704 dSP; dMARK; dTARGET; dORIGMARK;
706 do_chop(TARG, *++MARK);
715 SETi(do_chomp(TOPs));
722 register I32 count = 0;
725 count += do_chomp(POPs);
736 if (!sv || !SvANY(sv))
738 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
740 if (AvMAX(sv) >= 0 || SvGMAGICAL(sv)
741 || (SvRMAGICAL(sv) && mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_tied)))
745 if (HvARRAY(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)
746 || (SvRMAGICAL(sv) && mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_tied)))
750 if (CvROOT(sv) || CvXSUB(sv))
767 if (!PL_op->op_private) {
776 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
778 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
788 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC) && cv_const_sv((CV*)sv))
789 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Constant subroutine %s undefined",
790 CvANON((CV*)sv) ? "(anonymous)" : GvENAME(CvGV((CV*)sv)));
794 /* let user-undef'd sub keep its identity */
795 GV* gv = CvGV((CV*)sv);
802 SvSetMagicSV(sv, &PL_sv_undef);
806 Newz(602, gp, 1, GP);
807 GvGP(sv) = gp_ref(gp);
808 GvSV(sv) = NEWSV(72,0);
809 GvLINE(sv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
815 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PV && SvPVX(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
818 SvPV_set(sv, Nullch);
831 if (SvTYPE(TOPs) > SVt_PVLV)
832 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
833 if (!SvREADONLY(TOPs) && SvIOK_notUV(TOPs) && !SvNOK(TOPs) && !SvPOK(TOPs)
834 && SvIVX(TOPs) != IV_MIN)
837 SvFLAGS(TOPs) &= ~(SVp_NOK|SVp_POK);
848 if (SvTYPE(TOPs) > SVt_PVLV)
849 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
850 sv_setsv(TARG, TOPs);
851 if (!SvREADONLY(TOPs) && SvIOK_notUV(TOPs) && !SvNOK(TOPs) && !SvPOK(TOPs)
852 && SvIVX(TOPs) != IV_MAX)
855 SvFLAGS(TOPs) &= ~(SVp_NOK|SVp_POK);
860 /* special case for undef: see thread at 2003-03/msg00536.html in archive */
870 if (SvTYPE(TOPs) > SVt_PVLV)
871 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
872 sv_setsv(TARG, TOPs);
873 if (!SvREADONLY(TOPs) && SvIOK_notUV(TOPs) && !SvNOK(TOPs) && !SvPOK(TOPs)
874 && SvIVX(TOPs) != IV_MIN)
877 SvFLAGS(TOPs) &= ~(SVp_NOK|SVp_POK);
886 /* Ordinary operators. */
891 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
894 tryAMAGICbin(pow,opASSIGN);
895 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
896 /* For integer to integer power, we do the calculation by hand wherever
897 we're sure it is safe; otherwise we call pow() and try to convert to
898 integer afterwards. */
902 bool baseuok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
906 baseuv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
908 IV iv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
911 baseuok = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
913 baseuv = -iv; /* abs, baseuok == false records sign */
927 goto float_it; /* Can't do negative powers this way. */
930 /* now we have integer ** positive integer. */
933 /* foo & (foo - 1) is zero only for a power of 2. */
934 if (!(baseuv & (baseuv - 1))) {
935 /* We are raising power-of-2 to a positive integer.
936 The logic here will work for any base (even non-integer
937 bases) but it can be less accurate than
938 pow (base,power) or exp (power * log (base)) when the
939 intermediate values start to spill out of the mantissa.
940 With powers of 2 we know this can't happen.
941 And powers of 2 are the favourite thing for perl
942 programmers to notice ** not doing what they mean. */
944 NV base = baseuok ? baseuv : -(NV)baseuv;
947 for (; power; base *= base, n++) {
948 /* Do I look like I trust gcc with long longs here?
950 UV bit = (UV)1 << (UV)n;
953 /* Only bother to clear the bit if it is set. */
955 /* Avoid squaring base again if we're done. */
956 if (power == 0) break;
964 register unsigned int highbit = 8 * sizeof(UV);
965 register unsigned int lowbit = 0;
966 register unsigned int diff;
967 bool odd_power = (bool)(power & 1);
968 while ((diff = (highbit - lowbit) >> 1)) {
969 if (baseuv & ~((1 << (lowbit + diff)) - 1))
974 /* we now have baseuv < 2 ** highbit */
975 if (power * highbit <= 8 * sizeof(UV)) {
976 /* result will definitely fit in UV, so use UV math
977 on same algorithm as above */
978 register UV result = 1;
979 register UV base = baseuv;
981 for (; power; base *= base, n++) {
982 register UV bit = (UV)1 << (UV)n;
986 if (power == 0) break;
990 if (baseuok || !odd_power)
991 /* answer is positive */
993 else if (result <= (UV)IV_MAX)
994 /* answer negative, fits in IV */
996 else if (result == (UV)IV_MIN)
997 /* 2's complement assumption: special case IV_MIN */
1000 /* answer negative, doesn't fit */
1001 SETn( -(NV)result );
1012 SETn( Perl_pow( left, right) );
1013 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1023 dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(mult,opASSIGN);
1024 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1027 /* Unless the left argument is integer in range we are going to have to
1028 use NV maths. Hence only attempt to coerce the right argument if
1029 we know the left is integer. */
1030 /* Left operand is defined, so is it IV? */
1031 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1032 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1033 bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1034 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1035 const UV topmask = (~ (UV)0) << (4 * sizeof (UV));
1036 const UV botmask = ~((~ (UV)0) << (4 * sizeof (UV)));
1043 alow = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1045 IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1048 auvok = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1050 alow = -aiv; /* abs, auvok == false records sign */
1056 IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1059 buvok = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1061 blow = -biv; /* abs, buvok == false records sign */
1065 /* If this does sign extension on unsigned it's time for plan B */
1066 ahigh = alow >> (4 * sizeof (UV));
1068 bhigh = blow >> (4 * sizeof (UV));
1070 if (ahigh && bhigh) {
1071 /* eg 32 bit is at least 0x10000 * 0x10000 == 0x100000000
1072 which is overflow. Drop to NVs below. */
1073 } else if (!ahigh && !bhigh) {
1074 /* eg 32 bit is at most 0xFFFF * 0xFFFF == 0xFFFE0001
1075 so the unsigned multiply cannot overflow. */
1076 UV product = alow * blow;
1077 if (auvok == buvok) {
1078 /* -ve * -ve or +ve * +ve gives a +ve result. */
1082 } else if (product <= (UV)IV_MIN) {
1083 /* 2s complement assumption that (UV)-IV_MIN is correct. */
1084 /* -ve result, which could overflow an IV */
1086 SETi( -(IV)product );
1088 } /* else drop to NVs below. */
1090 /* One operand is large, 1 small */
1093 /* swap the operands */
1095 bhigh = blow; /* bhigh now the temp var for the swap */
1099 /* now, ((ahigh * blow) << half_UV_len) + (alow * blow)
1100 multiplies can't overflow. shift can, add can, -ve can. */
1101 product_middle = ahigh * blow;
1102 if (!(product_middle & topmask)) {
1103 /* OK, (ahigh * blow) won't lose bits when we shift it. */
1105 product_middle <<= (4 * sizeof (UV));
1106 product_low = alow * blow;
1108 /* as for pp_add, UV + something mustn't get smaller.
1109 IIRC ANSI mandates this wrapping *behaviour* for
1110 unsigned whatever the actual representation*/
1111 product_low += product_middle;
1112 if (product_low >= product_middle) {
1113 /* didn't overflow */
1114 if (auvok == buvok) {
1115 /* -ve * -ve or +ve * +ve gives a +ve result. */
1117 SETu( product_low );
1119 } else if (product_low <= (UV)IV_MIN) {
1120 /* 2s complement assumption again */
1121 /* -ve result, which could overflow an IV */
1123 SETi( -(IV)product_low );
1125 } /* else drop to NVs below. */
1127 } /* product_middle too large */
1128 } /* ahigh && bhigh */
1129 } /* SvIOK(TOPm1s) */
1134 SETn( left * right );
1141 dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(div,opASSIGN);
1142 /* Only try to do UV divide first
1143 if ((SLOPPYDIVIDE is true) or
1144 (PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV is true and one or both SV is a UV too large
1146 The assumption is that it is better to use floating point divide
1147 whenever possible, only doing integer divide first if we can't be sure.
1148 If NV_PRESERVES_UV is true then we know at compile time that no UV
1149 can be too large to preserve, so don't need to compile the code to
1150 test the size of UVs. */
1153 # define PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
1154 /* ensure that 20./5. == 4. */
1156 # ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1157 # ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1158 # define PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
1163 #ifdef PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
1166 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1167 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1168 bool left_non_neg = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1169 bool right_non_neg = SvUOK(TOPs);
1173 if (right_non_neg) {
1174 right = SvUVX(TOPs);
1177 IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1180 right_non_neg = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1186 /* historically undef()/0 gives a "Use of uninitialized value"
1187 warning before dieing, hence this test goes here.
1188 If it were immediately before the second SvIV_please, then
1189 DIE() would be invoked before left was even inspected, so
1190 no inpsection would give no warning. */
1192 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
1195 left = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1198 IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1201 left_non_neg = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1210 /* For sloppy divide we always attempt integer division. */
1212 /* Otherwise we only attempt it if either or both operands
1213 would not be preserved by an NV. If both fit in NVs
1214 we fall through to the NV divide code below. However,
1215 as left >= right to ensure integer result here, we know that
1216 we can skip the test on the right operand - right big
1217 enough not to be preserved can't get here unless left is
1220 && (left > ((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS))
1223 /* Integer division can't overflow, but it can be imprecise. */
1224 UV result = left / right;
1225 if (result * right == left) {
1226 SP--; /* result is valid */
1227 if (left_non_neg == right_non_neg) {
1228 /* signs identical, result is positive. */
1232 /* 2s complement assumption */
1233 if (result <= (UV)IV_MIN)
1234 SETi( -(IV)result );
1236 /* It's exact but too negative for IV. */
1237 SETn( -(NV)result );
1240 } /* tried integer divide but it was not an integer result */
1241 } /* else (PERL_ABS(result) < 1.0) or (both UVs in range for NV) */
1242 } /* left wasn't SvIOK */
1243 } /* right wasn't SvIOK */
1244 #endif /* PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE */
1248 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
1249 PUSHn( left / right );
1256 dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(modulo,opASSIGN);
1260 bool left_neg = FALSE;
1261 bool right_neg = FALSE;
1262 bool use_double = FALSE;
1263 bool dright_valid = FALSE;
1269 right_neg = !SvUOK(TOPs);
1271 right = SvUVX(POPs);
1273 IV biv = SvIVX(POPs);
1276 right_neg = FALSE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1284 right_neg = dright < 0;
1287 if (dright < UV_MAX_P1) {
1288 right = U_V(dright);
1289 dright_valid = TRUE; /* In case we need to use double below. */
1295 /* At this point use_double is only true if right is out of range for
1296 a UV. In range NV has been rounded down to nearest UV and
1297 use_double false. */
1299 if (!use_double && SvIOK(TOPs)) {
1301 left_neg = !SvUOK(TOPs);
1305 IV aiv = SvIVX(POPs);
1308 left_neg = FALSE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1317 left_neg = dleft < 0;
1321 /* This should be exactly the 5.6 behaviour - if left and right are
1322 both in range for UV then use U_V() rather than floor. */
1324 if (dleft < UV_MAX_P1) {
1325 /* right was in range, so is dleft, so use UVs not double.
1329 /* left is out of range for UV, right was in range, so promote
1330 right (back) to double. */
1332 /* The +0.5 is used in 5.6 even though it is not strictly
1333 consistent with the implicit +0 floor in the U_V()
1334 inside the #if 1. */
1335 dleft = Perl_floor(dleft + 0.5);
1338 dright = Perl_floor(dright + 0.5);
1348 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
1350 dans = Perl_fmod(dleft, dright);
1351 if ((left_neg != right_neg) && dans)
1352 dans = dright - dans;
1355 sv_setnv(TARG, dans);
1361 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
1364 if ((left_neg != right_neg) && ans)
1367 /* XXX may warn: unary minus operator applied to unsigned type */
1368 /* could change -foo to be (~foo)+1 instead */
1369 if (ans <= ~((UV)IV_MAX)+1)
1370 sv_setiv(TARG, ~ans+1);
1372 sv_setnv(TARG, -(NV)ans);
1375 sv_setuv(TARG, ans);
1384 dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(repeat,opASSIGN);
1386 register IV count = POPi;
1387 if (GIMME == G_ARRAY && PL_op->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) {
1389 I32 items = SP - MARK;
1392 max = items * count;
1397 /* This code was intended to fix 20010809.028:
1400 for (($x =~ /./g) x 2) {
1401 print chop; # "abcdabcd" expected as output.
1404 * but that change (#11635) broke this code:
1406 $x = [("foo")x2]; # only one "foo" ended up in the anonlist.
1408 * I can't think of a better fix that doesn't introduce
1409 * an efficiency hit by copying the SVs. The stack isn't
1410 * refcounted, and mortalisation obviously doesn't
1411 * Do The Right Thing when the stack has more than
1412 * one pointer to the same mortal value.
1416 *SP = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(*SP));
1426 repeatcpy((char*)(MARK + items), (char*)MARK,
1427 items * sizeof(SV*), count - 1);
1430 else if (count <= 0)
1433 else { /* Note: mark already snarfed by pp_list */
1438 SvSetSV(TARG, tmpstr);
1439 SvPV_force(TARG, len);
1440 isutf = DO_UTF8(TARG);
1445 SvGROW(TARG, (count * len) + 1);
1446 repeatcpy(SvPVX(TARG) + len, SvPVX(TARG), len, count - 1);
1447 SvCUR(TARG) *= count;
1449 *SvEND(TARG) = '\0';
1452 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(TARG);
1454 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
1456 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) {
1457 /* The parser saw this as a list repeat, and there
1458 are probably several items on the stack. But we're
1459 in scalar context, and there's no pp_list to save us
1460 now. So drop the rest of the items -- robin@kitsite.com
1473 dSP; dATARGET; bool useleft; tryAMAGICbin(subtr,opASSIGN);
1474 useleft = USE_LEFT(TOPm1s);
1475 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1476 /* See comments in pp_add (in pp_hot.c) about Overflow, and how
1477 "bad things" happen if you rely on signed integers wrapping. */
1480 /* Unless the left argument is integer in range we are going to have to
1481 use NV maths. Hence only attempt to coerce the right argument if
1482 we know the left is integer. */
1483 register UV auv = 0;
1489 a_valid = auvok = 1;
1490 /* left operand is undef, treat as zero. */
1492 /* Left operand is defined, so is it IV? */
1493 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1494 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1495 if ((auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s)))
1496 auv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1498 register IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1501 auvok = 1; /* Now acting as a sign flag. */
1502 } else { /* 2s complement assumption for IV_MIN */
1510 bool result_good = 0;
1513 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1518 register IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1525 /* ?uvok if value is >= 0. basically, flagged as UV if it's +ve,
1526 else "IV" now, independent of how it came in.
1527 if a, b represents positive, A, B negative, a maps to -A etc
1532 all UV maths. negate result if A negative.
1533 subtract if signs same, add if signs differ. */
1535 if (auvok ^ buvok) {
1544 /* Must get smaller */
1549 if (result <= buv) {
1550 /* result really should be -(auv-buv). as its negation
1551 of true value, need to swap our result flag */
1563 if (result <= (UV)IV_MIN)
1564 SETi( -(IV)result );
1566 /* result valid, but out of range for IV. */
1567 SETn( -(NV)result );
1571 } /* Overflow, drop through to NVs. */
1575 useleft = USE_LEFT(TOPm1s);
1579 /* left operand is undef, treat as zero - value */
1583 SETn( TOPn - value );
1590 dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(lshift,opASSIGN);
1593 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
1607 dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(rshift,opASSIGN);
1610 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
1624 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(lt,0);
1625 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1628 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1629 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1630 bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1631 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1633 if (!auvok && !buvok) { /* ## IV < IV ## */
1634 IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1635 IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1638 SETs(boolSV(aiv < biv));
1641 if (auvok && buvok) { /* ## UV < UV ## */
1642 UV auv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1643 UV buv = SvUVX(TOPs);
1646 SETs(boolSV(auv < buv));
1649 if (auvok) { /* ## UV < IV ## */
1656 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so it cannot be < */
1661 SETs(boolSV(auv < (UV)biv));
1664 { /* ## IV < UV ## */
1668 aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1670 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so it must be < */
1677 SETs(boolSV((UV)aiv < buv));
1683 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1684 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1687 if (SvROK(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s)) {
1689 SETs(boolSV(SvRV(TOPs) < SvRV(TOPp1s)));
1695 SETs(boolSV(TOPn < value));
1702 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(gt,0);
1703 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1706 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1707 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1708 bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1709 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1711 if (!auvok && !buvok) { /* ## IV > IV ## */
1712 IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1713 IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1716 SETs(boolSV(aiv > biv));
1719 if (auvok && buvok) { /* ## UV > UV ## */
1720 UV auv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1721 UV buv = SvUVX(TOPs);
1724 SETs(boolSV(auv > buv));
1727 if (auvok) { /* ## UV > IV ## */
1734 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so it must be > */
1739 SETs(boolSV(auv > (UV)biv));
1742 { /* ## IV > UV ## */
1746 aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1748 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so it cannot be > */
1755 SETs(boolSV((UV)aiv > buv));
1761 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1762 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1765 if (SvROK(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s)) {
1767 SETs(boolSV(SvRV(TOPs) > SvRV(TOPp1s)));
1773 SETs(boolSV(TOPn > value));
1780 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(le,0);
1781 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1784 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1785 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1786 bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1787 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1789 if (!auvok && !buvok) { /* ## IV <= IV ## */
1790 IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1791 IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1794 SETs(boolSV(aiv <= biv));
1797 if (auvok && buvok) { /* ## UV <= UV ## */
1798 UV auv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1799 UV buv = SvUVX(TOPs);
1802 SETs(boolSV(auv <= buv));
1805 if (auvok) { /* ## UV <= IV ## */
1812 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so a cannot be <= */
1817 SETs(boolSV(auv <= (UV)biv));
1820 { /* ## IV <= UV ## */
1824 aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1826 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so a must be <= */
1833 SETs(boolSV((UV)aiv <= buv));
1839 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1840 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1843 if (SvROK(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s)) {
1845 SETs(boolSV(SvRV(TOPs) <= SvRV(TOPp1s)));
1851 SETs(boolSV(TOPn <= value));
1858 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(ge,0);
1859 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1862 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1863 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1864 bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1865 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1867 if (!auvok && !buvok) { /* ## IV >= IV ## */
1868 IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1869 IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1872 SETs(boolSV(aiv >= biv));
1875 if (auvok && buvok) { /* ## UV >= UV ## */
1876 UV auv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1877 UV buv = SvUVX(TOPs);
1880 SETs(boolSV(auv >= buv));
1883 if (auvok) { /* ## UV >= IV ## */
1890 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so it must be >= */
1895 SETs(boolSV(auv >= (UV)biv));
1898 { /* ## IV >= UV ## */
1902 aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1904 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so a cannot be >= */
1911 SETs(boolSV((UV)aiv >= buv));
1917 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1918 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1921 if (SvROK(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s)) {
1923 SETs(boolSV(SvRV(TOPs) >= SvRV(TOPp1s)));
1929 SETs(boolSV(TOPn >= value));
1936 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(ne,0);
1937 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1938 if (SvROK(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s)) {
1940 SETs(boolSV(SvRV(TOPs) != SvRV(TOPp1s)));
1944 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1947 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1948 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1949 bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1950 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1952 if (auvok == buvok) { /* ## IV == IV or UV == UV ## */
1953 /* Casting IV to UV before comparison isn't going to matter
1954 on 2s complement. On 1s complement or sign&magnitude
1955 (if we have any of them) it could make negative zero
1956 differ from normal zero. As I understand it. (Need to
1957 check - is negative zero implementation defined behaviour
1959 UV buv = SvUVX(POPs);
1960 UV auv = SvUVX(TOPs);
1962 SETs(boolSV(auv != buv));
1965 { /* ## Mixed IV,UV ## */
1969 /* != is commutative so swap if needed (save code) */
1971 /* swap. top of stack (b) is the iv */
1975 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >0, so it cannot be == */
1984 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >0, so it cannot be == */
1988 uv = SvUVX(*(SP+1)); /* Do I want TOPp1s() ? */
1990 SETs(boolSV((UV)iv != uv));
1998 SETs(boolSV(TOPn != value));
2005 dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICbin(ncmp,0);
2006 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2007 if (SvROK(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s)) {
2008 UV right = PTR2UV(SvRV(POPs));
2009 UV left = PTR2UV(SvRV(TOPs));
2010 SETi((left > right) - (left < right));
2014 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
2015 /* Fortunately it seems NaN isn't IOK */
2018 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
2019 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
2020 bool leftuvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
2021 bool rightuvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
2023 if (!leftuvok && !rightuvok) { /* ## IV <=> IV ## */
2024 IV leftiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
2025 IV rightiv = SvIVX(TOPs);
2027 if (leftiv > rightiv)
2029 else if (leftiv < rightiv)
2033 } else if (leftuvok && rightuvok) { /* ## UV <=> UV ## */
2034 UV leftuv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
2035 UV rightuv = SvUVX(TOPs);
2037 if (leftuv > rightuv)
2039 else if (leftuv < rightuv)
2043 } else if (leftuvok) { /* ## UV <=> IV ## */
2047 rightiv = SvIVX(TOPs);
2049 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so it cannot be < */
2052 leftuv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
2053 if (leftuv > (UV)rightiv) {
2055 } else if (leftuv < (UV)rightiv) {
2061 } else { /* ## IV <=> UV ## */
2065 leftiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
2067 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so it must be < */
2070 rightuv = SvUVX(TOPs);
2071 if ((UV)leftiv > rightuv) {
2073 } else if ((UV)leftiv < rightuv) {
2091 if (Perl_isnan(left) || Perl_isnan(right)) {
2095 value = (left > right) - (left < right);
2099 else if (left < right)
2101 else if (left > right)
2115 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(slt,0);
2118 int cmp = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
2119 ? sv_cmp_locale(left, right)
2120 : sv_cmp(left, right));
2121 SETs(boolSV(cmp < 0));
2128 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(sgt,0);
2131 int cmp = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
2132 ? sv_cmp_locale(left, right)
2133 : sv_cmp(left, right));
2134 SETs(boolSV(cmp > 0));
2141 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(sle,0);
2144 int cmp = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
2145 ? sv_cmp_locale(left, right)
2146 : sv_cmp(left, right));
2147 SETs(boolSV(cmp <= 0));
2154 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(sge,0);
2157 int cmp = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
2158 ? sv_cmp_locale(left, right)
2159 : sv_cmp(left, right));
2160 SETs(boolSV(cmp >= 0));
2167 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(seq,0);
2170 SETs(boolSV(sv_eq(left, right)));
2177 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(sne,0);
2180 SETs(boolSV(!sv_eq(left, right)));
2187 dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICbin(scmp,0);
2190 int cmp = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
2191 ? sv_cmp_locale(left, right)
2192 : sv_cmp(left, right));
2200 dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(band,opASSIGN);
2203 if (SvNIOKp(left) || SvNIOKp(right)) {
2204 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2205 IV i = SvIV(left) & SvIV(right);
2209 UV u = SvUV(left) & SvUV(right);
2214 do_vop(PL_op->op_type, TARG, left, right);
2223 dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(bxor,opASSIGN);
2226 if (SvNIOKp(left) || SvNIOKp(right)) {
2227 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2228 IV i = (USE_LEFT(left) ? SvIV(left) : 0) ^ SvIV(right);
2232 UV u = (USE_LEFT(left) ? SvUV(left) : 0) ^ SvUV(right);
2237 do_vop(PL_op->op_type, TARG, left, right);
2246 dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(bor,opASSIGN);
2249 if (SvNIOKp(left) || SvNIOKp(right)) {
2250 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2251 IV i = (USE_LEFT(left) ? SvIV(left) : 0) | SvIV(right);
2255 UV u = (USE_LEFT(left) ? SvUV(left) : 0) | SvUV(right);
2260 do_vop(PL_op->op_type, TARG, left, right);
2269 dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(neg);
2272 int flags = SvFLAGS(sv);
2275 if ((flags & SVf_IOK) || ((flags & (SVp_IOK | SVp_NOK)) == SVp_IOK)) {
2276 /* It's publicly an integer, or privately an integer-not-float */
2279 if (SvIVX(sv) == IV_MIN) {
2280 /* 2s complement assumption. */
2281 SETi(SvIVX(sv)); /* special case: -((UV)IV_MAX+1) == IV_MIN */
2284 else if (SvUVX(sv) <= IV_MAX) {
2289 else if (SvIVX(sv) != IV_MIN) {
2293 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
2302 else if (SvPOKp(sv)) {
2304 char *s = SvPV(sv, len);
2305 if (isIDFIRST(*s)) {
2306 sv_setpvn(TARG, "-", 1);
2309 else if (*s == '+' || *s == '-') {
2311 *SvPV_force(TARG, len) = *s == '-' ? '+' : '-';
2313 else if (DO_UTF8(sv)) {
2316 goto oops_its_an_int;
2318 sv_setnv(TARG, -SvNV(sv));
2320 sv_setpvn(TARG, "-", 1);
2327 goto oops_its_an_int;
2328 sv_setnv(TARG, -SvNV(sv));
2340 dSP; tryAMAGICunSET(not);
2341 *PL_stack_sp = boolSV(!SvTRUE(*PL_stack_sp));
2347 dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(compl);
2351 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2366 tmps = (U8*)SvPV_force(TARG, len);
2369 /* Calculate exact length, let's not estimate. */
2378 while (tmps < send) {
2379 UV c = utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, send-tmps, &l, UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV);
2380 tmps += UTF8SKIP(tmps);
2381 targlen += UNISKIP(~c);
2387 /* Now rewind strings and write them. */
2391 Newz(0, result, targlen + 1, U8);
2392 while (tmps < send) {
2393 UV c = utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, send-tmps, &l, UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV);
2394 tmps += UTF8SKIP(tmps);
2395 result = uvchr_to_utf8_flags(result, ~c, UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY);
2399 sv_setpvn(TARG, (char*)result, targlen);
2403 Newz(0, result, nchar + 1, U8);
2404 while (tmps < send) {
2405 U8 c = (U8)utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, 0, &l, UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
2406 tmps += UTF8SKIP(tmps);
2411 sv_setpvn(TARG, (char*)result, nchar);
2419 register long *tmpl;
2420 for ( ; anum && (unsigned long)tmps % sizeof(long); anum--, tmps++)
2423 for ( ; anum >= sizeof(long); anum -= sizeof(long), tmpl++)
2428 for ( ; anum > 0; anum--, tmps++)
2437 /* integer versions of some of the above */
2441 dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(mult,opASSIGN);
2444 SETi( left * right );
2451 dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(div,opASSIGN);
2455 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
2456 value = POPi / value;
2465 /* This is the vanilla old i_modulo. */
2466 dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(modulo,opASSIGN);
2470 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
2471 SETi( left % right );
2476 #if defined(__GLIBC__) && IVSIZE == 8
2480 /* This is the i_modulo with the workaround for the _moddi3 bug
2481 * in (at least) glibc 2.2.5 (the PERL_ABS() the workaround).
2482 * See below for pp_i_modulo. */
2483 dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(modulo,opASSIGN);
2487 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
2488 SETi( left % PERL_ABS(right) );
2496 dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(modulo,opASSIGN);
2500 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
2501 /* The assumption is to use hereafter the old vanilla version... */
2503 PL_ppaddr[OP_I_MODULO] =
2504 &Perl_pp_i_modulo_0;
2505 /* .. but if we have glibc, we might have a buggy _moddi3
2506 * (at least glicb 2.2.5 is known to have this bug), in other
2507 * words our integer modulus with negative quad as the second
2508 * argument might be broken. Test for this and re-patch the
2509 * opcode dispatch table if that is the case, remembering to
2510 * also apply the workaround so that this first round works
2511 * right, too. See [perl #9402] for more information. */
2512 #if defined(__GLIBC__) && IVSIZE == 8
2516 /* Cannot do this check with inlined IV constants since
2517 * that seems to work correctly even with the buggy glibc. */
2519 /* Yikes, we have the bug.
2520 * Patch in the workaround version. */
2522 PL_ppaddr[OP_I_MODULO] =
2523 &Perl_pp_i_modulo_1;
2524 /* Make certain we work right this time, too. */
2525 right = PERL_ABS(right);
2529 SETi( left % right );
2536 dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(add,opASSIGN);
2539 SETi( left + right );
2546 dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(subtr,opASSIGN);
2549 SETi( left - right );
2556 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(lt,0);
2559 SETs(boolSV(left < right));
2566 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(gt,0);
2569 SETs(boolSV(left > right));
2576 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(le,0);
2579 SETs(boolSV(left <= right));
2586 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(ge,0);
2589 SETs(boolSV(left >= right));
2596 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(eq,0);
2599 SETs(boolSV(left == right));
2606 dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(ne,0);
2609 SETs(boolSV(left != right));
2616 dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICbin(ncmp,0);
2623 else if (left < right)
2634 dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(neg);
2639 /* High falutin' math. */
2643 dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICbin(atan2,0);
2646 SETn(Perl_atan2(left, right));
2653 dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(sin);
2657 value = Perl_sin(value);
2665 dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(cos);
2669 value = Perl_cos(value);
2675 /* Support Configure command-line overrides for rand() functions.
2676 After 5.005, perhaps we should replace this by Configure support
2677 for drand48(), random(), or rand(). For 5.005, though, maintain
2678 compatibility by calling rand() but allow the user to override it.
2679 See INSTALL for details. --Andy Dougherty 15 July 1998
2681 /* Now it's after 5.005, and Configure supports drand48() and random(),
2682 in addition to rand(). So the overrides should not be needed any more.
2683 --Jarkko Hietaniemi 27 September 1998
2686 #ifndef HAS_DRAND48_PROTO
2687 extern double drand48 (void);
2700 if (!PL_srand_called) {
2701 (void)seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)seed());
2702 PL_srand_called = TRUE;
2717 (void)seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)anum);
2718 PL_srand_called = TRUE;
2725 dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(exp);
2729 value = Perl_exp(value);
2737 dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(log);
2742 SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD();
2743 DIE(aTHX_ "Can't take log of %"NVgf, value);
2745 value = Perl_log(value);
2753 dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(sqrt);
2758 SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD();
2759 DIE(aTHX_ "Can't take sqrt of %"NVgf, value);
2761 value = Perl_sqrt(value);
2769 dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(int);
2772 IV iv = TOPi; /* attempt to convert to IV if possible. */
2773 /* XXX it's arguable that compiler casting to IV might be subtly
2774 different from modf (for numbers inside (IV_MIN,UV_MAX)) in which
2775 else preferring IV has introduced a subtle behaviour change bug. OTOH
2776 relying on floating point to be accurate is a bug. */
2787 if (value < (NV)UV_MAX + 0.5) {
2790 SETn(Perl_floor(value));
2794 if (value > (NV)IV_MIN - 0.5) {
2797 /* This is maint, and we don't have Perl_ceil in perl.h */
2798 SETn(Perl_ceil(value));
2808 dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(abs);
2810 /* This will cache the NV value if string isn't actually integer */
2814 /* IVX is precise */
2816 SETu(TOPu); /* force it to be numeric only */
2824 /* 2s complement assumption. Also, not really needed as
2825 IV_MIN and -IV_MIN should both be %100...00 and NV-able */
2845 I32 flags = PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES;
2851 tmps = (SvPVx(sv, len));
2853 /* If Unicode, try to downgrade
2854 * If not possible, croak. */
2855 SV* tsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(sv));
2858 sv_utf8_downgrade(tsv, FALSE);
2861 result_uv = grok_hex (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2862 if (flags & PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX) {
2875 I32 flags = PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES;
2881 tmps = (SvPVx(sv, len));
2883 /* If Unicode, try to downgrade
2884 * If not possible, croak. */
2885 SV* tsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(sv));
2888 sv_utf8_downgrade(tsv, FALSE);
2891 while (*tmps && len && isSPACE(*tmps))
2896 result_uv = grok_hex (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2897 else if (*tmps == 'b')
2898 result_uv = grok_bin (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2900 result_uv = grok_oct (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2902 if (flags & PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX) {
2919 SETi(sv_len_utf8(sv));
2935 I32 lvalue = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET;
2937 I32 arybase = PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
2941 int num_args = PL_op->op_private & 7;
2942 bool repl_need_utf8_upgrade = FALSE;
2943 bool repl_is_utf8 = FALSE;
2945 SvTAINTED_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
2946 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
2950 repl = SvPV(repl_sv, repl_len);
2951 repl_is_utf8 = DO_UTF8(repl_sv) && SvCUR(repl_sv);
2961 sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
2963 else if (DO_UTF8(sv))
2964 repl_need_utf8_upgrade = TRUE;
2966 tmps = SvPV(sv, curlen);
2968 utf8_curlen = sv_len_utf8(sv);
2969 if (utf8_curlen == curlen)
2972 curlen = utf8_curlen;
2977 if (pos >= arybase) {
2995 else if (len >= 0) {
2997 if (rem > (I32)curlen)
3012 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "substr outside of string");
3013 if (ckWARN(WARN_SUBSTR))
3014 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SUBSTR), "substr outside of string");
3021 sv_pos_u2b(sv, &pos, &rem);
3023 sv_setpvn(TARG, tmps, rem);
3024 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
3025 sv_unmagic(TARG, PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm);
3030 SV* repl_sv_copy = NULL;
3032 if (repl_need_utf8_upgrade) {
3033 repl_sv_copy = newSVsv(repl_sv);
3034 sv_utf8_upgrade(repl_sv_copy);
3035 repl = SvPV(repl_sv_copy, repl_len);
3036 repl_is_utf8 = DO_UTF8(repl_sv_copy) && SvCUR(sv);
3038 sv_insert(sv, pos, rem, repl, repl_len);
3042 SvREFCNT_dec(repl_sv_copy);
3044 else if (lvalue) { /* it's an lvalue! */
3045 if (!SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
3049 if (ckWARN(WARN_SUBSTR))
3050 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SUBSTR),
3051 "Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr");
3053 if (SvOK(sv)) /* is it defined ? */
3054 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(sv);
3056 sv_setpvn(sv,"",0); /* avoid lexical reincarnation */
3059 if (SvREFCNT(TARG) > 1) /* don't share the TARG (#20933) */
3060 TARG = sv_newmortal();
3061 if (SvTYPE(TARG) < SVt_PVLV) {
3062 sv_upgrade(TARG, SVt_PVLV);
3063 sv_magic(TARG, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_substr, Nullch, 0);
3066 (void)SvOK_off(TARG);
3069 if (LvTARG(TARG) != sv) {
3071 SvREFCNT_dec(LvTARG(TARG));
3072 LvTARG(TARG) = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
3074 LvTARGOFF(TARG) = upos;
3075 LvTARGLEN(TARG) = urem;
3079 PUSHs(TARG); /* avoid SvSETMAGIC here */
3086 register IV size = POPi;
3087 register IV offset = POPi;
3088 register SV *src = POPs;
3089 I32 lvalue = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET;
3091 SvTAINTED_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3092 if (lvalue) { /* it's an lvalue! */
3093 if (SvREFCNT(TARG) > 1) /* don't share the TARG (#20933) */
3094 TARG = sv_newmortal();
3095 if (SvTYPE(TARG) < SVt_PVLV) {
3096 sv_upgrade(TARG, SVt_PVLV);
3097 sv_magic(TARG, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_vec, Nullch, 0);
3100 if (LvTARG(TARG) != src) {
3102 SvREFCNT_dec(LvTARG(TARG));
3103 LvTARG(TARG) = SvREFCNT_inc(src);
3105 LvTARGOFF(TARG) = offset;
3106 LvTARGLEN(TARG) = size;
3109 sv_setuv(TARG, do_vecget(src, offset, size));
3124 I32 arybase = PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
3129 offset = POPi - arybase;
3132 tmps = SvPV(big, biglen);
3133 if (offset > 0 && DO_UTF8(big))
3134 sv_pos_u2b(big, &offset, 0);
3137 else if (offset > (I32)biglen)
3139 if (!(tmps2 = fbm_instr((unsigned char*)tmps + offset,
3140 (unsigned char*)tmps + biglen, little, 0)))
3143 retval = tmps2 - tmps;
3144 if (retval > 0 && DO_UTF8(big))
3145 sv_pos_b2u(big, &retval);
3146 PUSHi(retval + arybase);
3161 I32 arybase = PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
3167 tmps2 = SvPV(little, llen);
3168 tmps = SvPV(big, blen);
3172 if (offset > 0 && DO_UTF8(big))
3173 sv_pos_u2b(big, &offset, 0);
3174 offset = offset - arybase + llen;
3178 else if (offset > (I32)blen)
3180 if (!(tmps2 = rninstr(tmps, tmps + offset,
3181 tmps2, tmps2 + llen)))
3184 retval = tmps2 - tmps;
3185 if (retval > 0 && DO_UTF8(big))
3186 sv_pos_b2u(big, &retval);
3187 PUSHi(retval + arybase);
3193 dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
3194 do_sprintf(TARG, SP-MARK, MARK+1);
3195 TAINT_IF(SvTAINTED(TARG));
3196 if (DO_UTF8(*(MARK+1)))
3208 U8 *s = (U8*)SvPVx(argsv, len);
3211 if (PL_encoding && SvPOK(argsv) && !DO_UTF8(argsv)) {
3212 tmpsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(argsv));
3213 s = (U8*)sv_recode_to_utf8(tmpsv, PL_encoding);
3217 XPUSHu(DO_UTF8(argsv) ?
3218 utf8n_to_uvchr(s, UTF8_MAXLEN, 0, UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV) :
3230 (void)SvUPGRADE(TARG,SVt_PV);
3232 if (value > 255 && !IN_BYTES) {
3233 SvGROW(TARG, (STRLEN)UNISKIP(value)+1);
3234 tmps = (char*)uvchr_to_utf8_flags((U8*)SvPVX(TARG), value, 0);
3235 SvCUR_set(TARG, tmps - SvPVX(TARG));
3237 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
3246 *tmps++ = (char)value;
3248 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
3249 if (PL_encoding && !IN_BYTES) {
3250 sv_recode_to_utf8(TARG, PL_encoding);
3252 if (SvCUR(TARG) == 0 || !is_utf8_string((U8*)tmps, SvCUR(TARG)) ||
3253 memEQ(tmps, "\xef\xbf\xbd\0", 4)) {
3257 *tmps++ = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(value);
3258 *tmps++ = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(value);
3274 char *tmps = SvPV(left, len);
3276 if (DO_UTF8(left)) {
3277 /* If Unicode, try to downgrade.
3278 * If not possible, croak.
3279 * Yes, we made this up. */
3280 SV* tsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(left));
3283 sv_utf8_downgrade(tsv, FALSE);
3286 # ifdef USE_ITHREADS
3288 if (!PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer) {
3289 /* This should be threadsafe because in ithreads there is only
3290 * one thread per interpreter. If this would not be true,
3291 * we would need a mutex to protect this malloc. */
3292 PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer =
3293 (struct crypt_data *)safemalloc(sizeof(struct crypt_data));
3294 #if defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMX__)
3295 if (PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer) {
3296 PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer->initialized = 0;
3297 /* work around glibc-2.2.5 bug */
3298 PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer->current_saltbits = 0;
3302 # endif /* HAS_CRYPT_R */
3303 # endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
3305 sv_setpv(TARG, fcrypt(tmps, SvPV(right, n_a)));
3307 sv_setpv(TARG, PerlProc_crypt(tmps, SvPV(right, n_a)));
3313 "The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia.");
3326 (s = (U8*)SvPV_nomg(sv, slen)) && slen &&
3327 UTF8_IS_START(*s)) {
3328 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC+1];
3332 utf8_to_uvchr(s, &ulen);
3333 toTITLE_utf8(s, tmpbuf, &tculen);
3334 utf8_to_uvchr(tmpbuf, 0);
3336 if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || SvREADONLY(sv)) {
3338 /* slen is the byte length of the whole SV.
3339 * ulen is the byte length of the original Unicode character
3340 * stored as UTF-8 at s.
3341 * tculen is the byte length of the freshly titlecased
3342 * Unicode character stored as UTF-8 at tmpbuf.
3343 * We first set the result to be the titlecased character,
3344 * and then append the rest of the SV data. */
3345 sv_setpvn(TARG, (char*)tmpbuf, tculen);
3347 sv_catpvn(TARG, (char*)(s + ulen), slen - ulen);
3352 s = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(sv, slen);
3353 Copy(tmpbuf, s, tculen, U8);
3357 if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || SvREADONLY(sv)) {
3359 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3360 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, sv);
3364 s = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(sv, slen);
3366 if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
3369 *s = toUPPER_LC(*s);
3388 (s = (U8*)SvPV_nomg(sv, slen)) && slen &&
3389 UTF8_IS_START(*s)) {
3391 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC+1];
3395 toLOWER_utf8(s, tmpbuf, &ulen);
3396 uv = utf8_to_uvchr(tmpbuf, 0);
3397 tend = uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, uv);
3399 if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || (STRLEN)(tend - tmpbuf) != ulen || SvREADONLY(sv)) {
3401 sv_setpvn(TARG, (char*)tmpbuf, tend - tmpbuf);
3403 sv_catpvn(TARG, (char*)(s + ulen), slen - ulen);
3408 s = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(sv, slen);
3409 Copy(tmpbuf, s, ulen, U8);
3413 if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || SvREADONLY(sv)) {
3415 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3416 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, sv);
3420 s = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(sv, slen);
3422 if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
3425 *s = toLOWER_LC(*s);
3448 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC+1];
3450 s = (U8*)SvPV_nomg(sv,len);
3452 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3453 sv_setpvn(TARG, "", 0);
3457 STRLEN nchar = utf8_length(s, s + len);
3459 (void)SvUPGRADE(TARG, SVt_PV);
3460 SvGROW(TARG, (nchar * UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC) + 1);
3461 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
3462 d = (U8*)SvPVX(TARG);
3465 toUPPER_utf8(s, tmpbuf, &ulen);
3466 Copy(tmpbuf, d, ulen, U8);
3472 SvCUR_set(TARG, d - (U8*)SvPVX(TARG));
3477 if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || SvREADONLY(sv)) {
3479 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3480 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, sv);
3484 s = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(sv, len);
3486 register U8 *send = s + len;
3488 if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
3491 for (; s < send; s++)
3492 *s = toUPPER_LC(*s);
3495 for (; s < send; s++)
3517 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC+1];
3519 s = (U8*)SvPV_nomg(sv,len);
3521 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3522 sv_setpvn(TARG, "", 0);
3526 STRLEN nchar = utf8_length(s, s + len);
3528 (void)SvUPGRADE(TARG, SVt_PV);
3529 SvGROW(TARG, (nchar * UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC) + 1);
3530 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
3531 d = (U8*)SvPVX(TARG);
3534 UV uv = toLOWER_utf8(s, tmpbuf, &ulen);
3535 #define GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_SIGMA 0x03A3 /* Unicode */
3536 if (uv == GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_SIGMA) {
3538 * Now if the sigma is NOT followed by
3539 * /$ignorable_sequence$cased_letter/;
3540 * and it IS preceded by
3541 * /$cased_letter$ignorable_sequence/;
3542 * where $ignorable_sequence is
3543 * [\x{2010}\x{AD}\p{Mn}]*
3544 * and $cased_letter is
3545 * [\p{Ll}\p{Lo}\p{Lt}]
3546 * then it should be mapped to 0x03C2,
3547 * (GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA),
3548 * instead of staying 0x03A3.
3549 * See lib/unicore/SpecCase.txt.
3552 Copy(tmpbuf, d, ulen, U8);
3558 SvCUR_set(TARG, d - (U8*)SvPVX(TARG));
3563 if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || SvREADONLY(sv)) {
3565 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3566 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, sv);
3571 s = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(sv, len);
3573 register U8 *send = s + len;
3575 if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
3578 for (; s < send; s++)
3579 *s = toLOWER_LC(*s);
3582 for (; s < send; s++)
3596 register char *s = SvPV(sv,len);
3599 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3601 (void)SvUPGRADE(TARG, SVt_PV);
3602 SvGROW(TARG, (len * 2) + 1);
3606 if (UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)) {
3607 STRLEN ulen = UTF8SKIP(s);
3631 SvCUR_set(TARG, d - SvPVX(TARG));
3632 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(TARG);
3635 sv_setpvn(TARG, s, len);
3637 if (SvSMAGICAL(TARG))
3646 dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
3648 register AV* av = (AV*)POPs;
3649 register I32 lval = (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET);
3650 I32 arybase = PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
3653 if (SvTYPE(av) == SVt_PVAV) {
3654 if (lval && PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
3656 for (svp = MARK + 1; svp <= SP; svp++) {
3661 if (max > AvMAX(av))
3664 while (++MARK <= SP) {
3665 elem = SvIVx(*MARK);
3669 svp = av_fetch(av, elem, lval);
3671 if (!svp || *svp == &PL_sv_undef)
3672 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_aelem, elem);
3673 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
3674 save_aelem(av, elem, svp);
3676 *MARK = svp ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef;
3679 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
3687 /* Associative arrays. */
3692 HV *hash = (HV*)POPs;
3694 I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
3697 /* might clobber stack_sp */
3698 entry = hv_iternext(hash);
3703 SV* sv = hv_iterkeysv(entry);
3704 PUSHs(sv); /* won't clobber stack_sp */
3705 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
3708 /* might clobber stack_sp */
3709 val = hv_iterval(hash, entry);
3714 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR)
3733 I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
3734 I32 discard = (gimme == G_VOID) ? G_DISCARD : 0;
3738 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpSLICE) {
3742 hvtype = SvTYPE(hv);
3743 if (hvtype == SVt_PVHV) { /* hash element */
3744 while (++MARK <= SP) {
3745 sv = hv_delete_ent(hv, *MARK, discard, 0);
3746 *MARK = sv ? sv : &PL_sv_undef;
3749 else if (hvtype == SVt_PVAV) { /* array element */
3750 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
3751 while (++MARK <= SP) {
3752 sv = av_delete((AV*)hv, SvIV(*MARK), discard);
3753 *MARK = sv ? sv : &PL_sv_undef;
3758 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a HASH reference");
3761 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
3770 if (SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV)
3771 sv = hv_delete_ent(hv, keysv, discard, 0);
3772 else if (SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVAV) {
3773 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
3774 sv = av_delete((AV*)hv, SvIV(keysv), discard);
3776 DIE(aTHX_ "panic: avhv_delete no longer supported");
3779 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a HASH reference");
3794 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpEXISTS_SUB) {
3798 cv = sv_2cv(sv, &hv, &gv, FALSE);
3801 if (gv && isGV(gv) && GvCV(gv) && !GvCVGEN(gv))
3807 if (SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
3808 if (hv_exists_ent(hv, tmpsv, 0))
3811 else if (SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVAV) {
3812 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) { /* array element */
3813 if (av_exists((AV*)hv, SvIV(tmpsv)))
3818 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a HASH reference");
3825 dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
3826 register HV *hv = (HV*)POPs;
3827 register I32 lval = (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET);
3828 bool localizing = PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO ? TRUE : FALSE;
3829 bool other_magic = FALSE;
3835 other_magic = mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_env) ||
3836 ((mg = mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_tied))
3837 /* Try to preserve the existenceness of a tied hash
3838 * element by using EXISTS and DELETE if possible.
3839 * Fallback to FETCH and STORE otherwise */
3840 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(SvTIED_obj((SV*)hv, mg))))
3841 && gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, "EXISTS", TRUE)
3842 && gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, "DELETE", TRUE));
3845 while (++MARK <= SP) {
3849 bool preeminent = FALSE;
3852 preeminent = SvRMAGICAL(hv) && !other_magic ? 1 :
3853 hv_exists_ent(hv, keysv, 0);
3856 he = hv_fetch_ent(hv, keysv, lval, 0);
3857 svp = he ? &HeVAL(he) : 0;
3860 if (!svp || *svp == &PL_sv_undef) {
3862 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_helem, SvPV(keysv, n_a));
3866 save_helem(hv, keysv, svp);
3869 char *key = SvPV(keysv, keylen);
3870 SAVEDELETE(hv, savepvn(key,keylen), keylen);
3874 *MARK = svp ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef;
3876 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
3884 /* List operators. */
3889 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
3891 *MARK = *SP; /* unwanted list, return last item */
3893 *MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
3902 SV **lastrelem = PL_stack_sp;
3903 SV **lastlelem = PL_stack_base + POPMARK;
3904 SV **firstlelem = PL_stack_base + POPMARK + 1;
3905 register SV **firstrelem = lastlelem + 1;
3906 I32 arybase = PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
3907 I32 lval = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD;
3908 I32 is_something_there = lval;
3910 register I32 max = lastrelem - lastlelem;
3911 register SV **lelem;
3914 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
3915 ix = SvIVx(*lastlelem);
3920 if (ix < 0 || ix >= max)
3921 *firstlelem = &PL_sv_undef;
3923 *firstlelem = firstrelem[ix];
3929 SP = firstlelem - 1;
3933 for (lelem = firstlelem; lelem <= lastlelem; lelem++) {
3939 if (ix < 0 || ix >= max)
3940 *lelem = &PL_sv_undef;
3942 is_something_there = TRUE;
3943 if (!(*lelem = firstrelem[ix]))
3944 *lelem = &PL_sv_undef;
3947 if (is_something_there)
3950 SP = firstlelem - 1;
3956 dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
3957 I32 items = SP - MARK;
3958 SV *av = sv_2mortal((SV*)av_make(items, MARK+1));
3959 SP = ORIGMARK; /* av_make() might realloc stack_sp */
3966 dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
3967 HV* hv = (HV*)sv_2mortal((SV*)newHV());
3971 SV *val = NEWSV(46, 0);
3973 sv_setsv(val, *++MARK);
3974 else if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
3975 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Odd number of elements in anonymous hash");
3976 (void)hv_store_ent(hv,key,val,0);
3985 dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
3986 register AV *ary = (AV*)*++MARK;
3990 register I32 offset;
3991 register I32 length;
3998 if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
3999 *MARK-- = SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg);
4003 call_method("SPLICE",GIMME_V);
4012 offset = i = SvIVx(*MARK);
4014 offset += AvFILLp(ary) + 1;
4016 offset -= PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
4018 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_aelem, i);
4020 length = SvIVx(*MARK++);
4022 length += AvFILLp(ary) - offset + 1;
4028 length = AvMAX(ary) + 1; /* close enough to infinity */
4032 length = AvMAX(ary) + 1;
4034 if (offset > AvFILLp(ary) + 1) {
4035 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
4036 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "splice() offset past end of array" );
4037 offset = AvFILLp(ary) + 1;
4039 after = AvFILLp(ary) + 1 - (offset + length);
4040 if (after < 0) { /* not that much array */
4041 length += after; /* offset+length now in array */
4047 /* At this point, MARK .. SP-1 is our new LIST */
4050 diff = newlen - length;
4051 if (newlen && !AvREAL(ary) && AvREIFY(ary))
4054 if (diff < 0) { /* shrinking the area */
4056 New(451, tmparyval, newlen, SV*); /* so remember insertion */
4057 Copy(MARK, tmparyval, newlen, SV*);
4060 MARK = ORIGMARK + 1;
4061 if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) { /* copy return vals to stack */
4062 MEXTEND(MARK, length);
4063 Copy(AvARRAY(ary)+offset, MARK, length, SV*);
4065 EXTEND_MORTAL(length);
4066 for (i = length, dst = MARK; i; i--) {
4067 sv_2mortal(*dst); /* free them eventualy */
4074 *MARK = AvARRAY(ary)[offset+length-1];
4077 for (i = length - 1, dst = &AvARRAY(ary)[offset]; i > 0; i--)
4078 SvREFCNT_dec(*dst++); /* free them now */
4081 AvFILLp(ary) += diff;
4083 /* pull up or down? */
4085 if (offset < after) { /* easier to pull up */
4086 if (offset) { /* esp. if nothing to pull */
4087 src = &AvARRAY(ary)[offset-1];
4088 dst = src - diff; /* diff is negative */
4089 for (i = offset; i > 0; i--) /* can't trust Copy */
4093 SvPVX(ary) = (char*)(AvARRAY(ary) - diff); /* diff is negative */
4097 if (after) { /* anything to pull down? */
4098 src = AvARRAY(ary) + offset + length;
4099 dst = src + diff; /* diff is negative */
4100 Move(src, dst, after, SV*);
4102 dst = &AvARRAY(ary)[AvFILLp(ary)+1];
4103 /* avoid later double free */
4107 dst[--i] = &PL_sv_undef;
4110 for (src = tmparyval, dst = AvARRAY(ary) + offset;
4112 *dst = NEWSV(46, 0);
4113 sv_setsv(*dst++, *src++);
4115 Safefree(tmparyval);
4118 else { /* no, expanding (or same) */
4120 New(452, tmparyval, length, SV*); /* so remember deletion */
4121 Copy(AvARRAY(ary)+offset, tmparyval, length, SV*);
4124 if (diff > 0) { /* expanding */
4126 /* push up or down? */
4128 if (offset < after && diff <= AvARRAY(ary) - AvALLOC(ary)) {
4132 Move(src, dst, offset, SV*);
4134 SvPVX(ary) = (char*)(AvARRAY(ary) - diff);/* diff is positive */
4136 AvFILLp(ary) += diff;
4139 if (AvFILLp(ary) + diff >= AvMAX(ary)) /* oh, well */
4140 av_extend(ary, AvFILLp(ary) + diff);
4141 AvFILLp(ary) += diff;
4144 dst = AvARRAY(ary) + AvFILLp(ary);
4146 for (i = after; i; i--) {
4153 for (src = MARK, dst = AvARRAY(ary) + offset; newlen; newlen--) {
4154 *dst = NEWSV(46, 0);
4155 sv_setsv(*dst++, *src++);
4157 MARK = ORIGMARK + 1;
4158 if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) { /* copy return vals to stack */
4160 Copy(tmparyval, MARK, length, SV*);
4162 EXTEND_MORTAL(length);
4163 for (i = length, dst = MARK; i; i--) {
4164 sv_2mortal(*dst); /* free them eventualy */
4168 Safefree(tmparyval);
4172 else if (length--) {
4173 *MARK = tmparyval[length];
4176 while (length-- > 0)
4177 SvREFCNT_dec(tmparyval[length]);
4179 Safefree(tmparyval);
4182 *MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
4190 dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
4191 register AV *ary = (AV*)*++MARK;
4192 register SV *sv = &PL_sv_undef;
4195 if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
4196 *MARK-- = SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg);
4200 call_method("PUSH",G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
4205 /* Why no pre-extend of ary here ? */
4206 for (++MARK; MARK <= SP; MARK++) {
4209 sv_setsv(sv, *MARK);
4214 PUSHi( AvFILL(ary) + 1 );
4222 SV *sv = av_pop(av);
4224 (void)sv_2mortal(sv);
4233 SV *sv = av_shift(av);
4238 (void)sv_2mortal(sv);
4245 dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
4246 register AV *ary = (AV*)*++MARK;
4251 if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
4252 *MARK-- = SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg);
4256 call_method("UNSHIFT",G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
4261 av_unshift(ary, SP - MARK);
4264 sv_setsv(sv, *++MARK);
4265 (void)av_store(ary, i++, sv);
4269 PUSHi( AvFILL(ary) + 1 );
4279 if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) {
4286 /* safe as long as stack cannot get extended in the above */
4291 register char *down;
4296 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
4298 do_join(TARG, &PL_sv_no, MARK, SP);
4300 sv_setsv(TARG, (SP > MARK) ? *SP : DEFSV);
4301 up = SvPV_force(TARG, len);
4303 if (DO_UTF8(TARG)) { /* first reverse each character */
4304 U8* s = (U8*)SvPVX(TARG);
4305 U8* send = (U8*)(s + len);
4307 if (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(*s)) {
4312 if (!utf8_to_uvchr(s, 0))
4316 down = (char*)(s - 1);
4317 /* reverse this character */
4321 *down-- = (char)tmp;
4327 down = SvPVX(TARG) + len - 1;
4331 *down-- = (char)tmp;
4333 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(TARG);
4345 register IV limit = POPi; /* note, negative is forever */
4348 register char *s = SvPV(sv, len);
4349 bool do_utf8 = DO_UTF8(sv);
4350 char *strend = s + len;
4352 register REGEXP *rx;
4356 STRLEN slen = do_utf8 ? utf8_length((U8*)s, (U8*)strend) : (strend - s);
4357 I32 maxiters = slen + 10;
4360 I32 origlimit = limit;
4363 AV *oldstack = PL_curstack;
4364 I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
4365 I32 oldsave = PL_savestack_ix;
4366 I32 make_mortal = 1;
4367 MAGIC *mg = (MAGIC *) NULL;
4370 Copy(&LvTARGOFF(POPs), &pm, 1, PMOP*);
4375 DIE(aTHX_ "panic: pp_split");
4378 TAINT_IF((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_LOCALE) &&
4379 (pm->op_pmflags & (PMf_WHITE | PMf_SKIPWHITE)));
4381 RX_MATCH_UTF8_set(rx, do_utf8);
4383 if (pm->op_pmreplroot) {
4385 ary = GvAVn((GV*)PAD_SVl(INT2PTR(PADOFFSET, pm->op_pmreplroot)));
4387 ary = GvAVn((GV*)pm->op_pmreplroot);
4390 else if (gimme != G_ARRAY)
4391 ary = GvAVn(PL_defgv);
4394 if (ary && (gimme != G_ARRAY || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE))) {
4400 if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
4402 XPUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg));
4408 for (i = AvFILLp(ary); i >= 0; i--)
4409 AvARRAY(ary)[i] = &PL_sv_undef; /* don't free mere refs */
4411 /* temporarily switch stacks */
4412 SWITCHSTACK(PL_curstack, ary);
4413 PL_curstackinfo->si_stack = ary;
4417 base = SP - PL_stack_base;
4419 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_SKIPWHITE) {
4420 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_LOCALE) {
4421 while (isSPACE_LC(*s))
4429 if ((int)(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE) != PL_multiline) {
4430 SAVEINT(PL_multiline);
4431 PL_multiline = pm->op_pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE;
4435 limit = maxiters + 2;
4436 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_WHITE) {
4439 while (m < strend &&
4440 !((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_LOCALE)
4441 ? isSPACE_LC(*m) : isSPACE(*m)))
4446 dstr = NEWSV(30, m-s);
4447 sv_setpvn(dstr, s, m-s);
4451 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4455 while (s < strend &&
4456 ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_LOCALE)
4457 ? isSPACE_LC(*s) : isSPACE(*s)))
4461 else if (strEQ("^", rx->precomp)) {
4464 for (m = s; m < strend && *m != '\n'; m++) ;
4468 dstr = NEWSV(30, m-s);
4469 sv_setpvn(dstr, s, m-s);
4473 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4478 else if (do_utf8 == ((rx->reganch & ROPT_UTF8) != 0) &&
4479 (rx->reganch & RE_USE_INTUIT) && !rx->nparens
4480 && (rx->reganch & ROPT_CHECK_ALL)
4481 && !(rx->reganch & ROPT_ANCH)) {
4482 int tail = (rx->reganch & RE_INTUIT_TAIL);
4483 SV *csv = CALLREG_INTUIT_STRING(aTHX_ rx);
4486 if (len == 1 && !(rx->reganch & ROPT_UTF8) && !tail) {
4488 char c = *SvPV(csv, n_a);
4491 for (m = s; m < strend && *m != c; m++) ;
4494 dstr = NEWSV(30, m-s);
4495 sv_setpvn(dstr, s, m-s);
4499 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4501 /* The rx->minlen is in characters but we want to step
4502 * s ahead by bytes. */
4504 s = (char*)utf8_hop((U8*)m, len);
4506 s = m + len; /* Fake \n at the end */
4511 while (s < strend && --limit &&
4512 (m = fbm_instr((unsigned char*)s, (unsigned char*)strend,
4513 csv, PL_multiline ? FBMrf_MULTILINE : 0)) )
4516 dstr = NEWSV(31, m-s);
4517 sv_setpvn(dstr, s, m-s);
4521 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4523 /* The rx->minlen is in characters but we want to step
4524 * s ahead by bytes. */
4526 s = (char*)utf8_hop((U8*)m, len);
4528 s = m + len; /* Fake \n at the end */
4533 maxiters += slen * rx->nparens;
4534 while (s < strend && --limit)
4537 i = CALLREGEXEC(aTHX_ rx, s, strend, orig, 1 , sv, NULL, 0);
4541 TAINT_IF(RX_MATCH_TAINTED(rx));
4542 if (RX_MATCH_COPIED(rx) && rx->subbeg != orig) {
4547 strend = s + (strend - m);
4549 m = rx->startp[0] + orig;
4550 dstr = NEWSV(32, m-s);
4551 sv_setpvn(dstr, s, m-s);
4555 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4558 for (i = 1; i <= (I32)rx->nparens; i++) {
4559 s = rx->startp[i] + orig;
4560 m = rx->endp[i] + orig;
4562 /* japhy (07/27/01) -- the (m && s) test doesn't catch
4563 parens that didn't match -- they should be set to
4564 undef, not the empty string */
4565 if (m >= orig && s >= orig) {
4566 dstr = NEWSV(33, m-s);
4567 sv_setpvn(dstr, s, m-s);
4570 dstr = &PL_sv_undef; /* undef, not "" */
4574 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4578 s = rx->endp[0] + orig;
4582 LEAVE_SCOPE(oldsave);
4583 iters = (SP - PL_stack_base) - base;
4584 if (iters > maxiters)
4585 DIE(aTHX_ "Split loop");
4587 /* keep field after final delim? */
4588 if (s < strend || (iters && origlimit)) {
4589 STRLEN l = strend - s;
4590 dstr = NEWSV(34, l);
4591 sv_setpvn(dstr, s, l);
4595 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4599 else if (!origlimit) {
4600 while (iters > 0 && (!TOPs || !SvANY(TOPs) || SvCUR(TOPs) == 0)) {
4601 if (TOPs && !make_mortal)
4610 SWITCHSTACK(ary, oldstack);
4611 PL_curstackinfo->si_stack = oldstack;
4612 if (SvSMAGICAL(ary)) {
4617 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
4619 Copy(AvARRAY(ary), SP + 1, iters, SV*);
4627 call_method("PUSH",G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
4630 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
4631 /* EXTEND should not be needed - we just popped them */
4633 for (i=0; i < iters; i++) {
4634 SV **svp = av_fetch(ary, i, FALSE);
4635 PUSHs((svp) ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef);
4642 if (gimme == G_ARRAY)
4657 if (SvTYPE(retsv) == SVt_PVAV || SvTYPE(retsv) == SVt_PVHV
4658 || SvTYPE(retsv) == SVt_PVCV) {
4659 retsv = refto(retsv);
4667 DIE(aTHX_ "tried to access per-thread data in non-threaded perl");