3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * "It's a big house this, and very peculiar. Always a bit more to discover,
13 * and no knowing what you'll find around a corner. And Elves, sir!" --Samwise
16 /* This file contains general pp ("push/pop") functions that execute the
17 * opcodes that make up a perl program. A typical pp function expects to
18 * find its arguments on the stack, and usually pushes its results onto
19 * the stack, hence the 'pp' terminology. Each OP structure contains
20 * a pointer to the relevant pp_foo() function.
30 /* XXX I can't imagine anyone who doesn't have this actually _needs_
31 it, since pid_t is an integral type.
34 #ifdef NEED_GETPID_PROTO
35 extern Pid_t getpid (void);
39 * Some BSDs and Cygwin default to POSIX math instead of IEEE.
40 * This switches them over to IEEE.
42 #if defined(LIBM_LIB_VERSION)
43 _LIB_VERSION_TYPE _LIB_VERSION = _IEEE_;
46 /* variations on pp_null */
52 if (GIMME_V == G_SCALAR)
63 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
64 SAVECLEARSV(PAD_SVl(PL_op->op_targ));
66 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF) {
70 if (GIMME == G_SCALAR)
71 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't return array to lvalue scalar context");
76 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
77 const I32 maxarg = AvFILL((AV*)TARG) + 1;
79 if (SvMAGICAL(TARG)) {
81 for (i=0; i < (U32)maxarg; i++) {
82 SV * const * const svp = av_fetch((AV*)TARG, i, FALSE);
83 SP[i+1] = (svp) ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef;
87 Copy(AvARRAY((AV*)TARG), SP+1, maxarg, SV*);
91 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
92 SV* const sv = sv_newmortal();
93 const I32 maxarg = AvFILL((AV*)TARG) + 1;
106 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
107 SAVECLEARSV(PAD_SVl(PL_op->op_targ));
108 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF)
111 if (GIMME == G_SCALAR)
112 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't return hash to lvalue scalar context");
116 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
119 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
120 SV* const sv = Perl_hv_scalar(aTHX_ (HV*)TARG);
134 tryAMAGICunDEREF(to_gv);
137 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVIO) {
138 GV * const gv = (GV*) sv_newmortal();
139 gv_init(gv, 0, "", 0, 0);
140 GvIOp(gv) = (IO *)sv;
141 (void)SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
144 else if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVGV)
145 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a GLOB reference");
148 if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVGV) {
149 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
154 if (!SvOK(sv) && sv != &PL_sv_undef) {
155 /* If this is a 'my' scalar and flag is set then vivify
159 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
160 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpDEREF) {
162 if (cUNOP->op_targ) {
164 SV * const namesv = PAD_SV(cUNOP->op_targ);
165 const char * const name = SvPV(namesv, len);
167 gv_init(gv, CopSTASH(PL_curcop), name, len, 0);
170 const char * const name = CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop);
173 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_RV)
174 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_RV);
175 if (SvPVX_const(sv)) {
180 SvRV_set(sv, (SV*)gv);
185 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF ||
186 PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS)
187 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, "a symbol");
188 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
192 if ((PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) &&
193 !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD))
195 SV * const temp = (SV*)gv_fetchsv(sv, 0, SVt_PVGV);
197 && (!is_gv_magical_sv(sv,0)
198 || !(sv = (SV*)gv_fetchsv(sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVGV)))) {
204 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS)
205 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_symref_sv, sv, "a symbol");
206 if ((PL_op->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpDONT_INIT_GV))
207 == OPpDONT_INIT_GV) {
208 /* We are the target of a coderef assignment. Return
209 the scalar unchanged, and let pp_sasssign deal with
213 sv = (SV*)gv_fetchsv(sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVGV);
217 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
218 save_gp((GV*)sv, !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
230 tryAMAGICunDEREF(to_sv);
233 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
237 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a SCALAR reference");
243 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
244 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
249 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS) {
251 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_symref_sv, sv, "a SCALAR");
253 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, "a SCALAR");
256 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF)
257 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, "a SCALAR");
258 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
262 if ((PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) &&
263 !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD))
265 gv = (GV*)gv_fetchsv(sv, 0, SVt_PV);
267 && (!is_gv_magical_sv(sv, 0)
268 || !(gv = (GV*)gv_fetchsv(sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PV))))
274 gv = (GV*)gv_fetchsv(sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PV);
279 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD) {
280 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
281 if (cUNOP->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL)
282 sv = save_scalar((GV*)TOPs);
284 sv = save_scalar(gv);
286 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_localize_ref);
288 else if (PL_op->op_private & OPpDEREF)
289 vivify_ref(sv, PL_op->op_private & OPpDEREF);
298 AV * const av = (AV*)TOPs;
299 SV ** const sv = Perl_av_arylen_p(aTHX_ (AV*)av);
302 sv_upgrade(*sv, SVt_PVMG);
303 sv_magic(*sv, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_arylen, NULL, 0);
311 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; dPOPss;
313 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET) {
314 if (SvTYPE(TARG) < SVt_PVLV) {
315 sv_upgrade(TARG, SVt_PVLV);
316 sv_magic(TARG, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_pos, NULL, 0);
320 if (LvTARG(TARG) != sv) {
322 SvREFCNT_dec(LvTARG(TARG));
323 LvTARG(TARG) = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
325 PUSHs(TARG); /* no SvSETMAGIC */
329 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(sv)) {
330 const MAGIC * const mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global);
331 if (mg && mg->mg_len >= 0) {
335 PUSHi(i + PL_curcop->cop_arybase);
348 const I32 flags = (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
350 : ((PL_op->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT)) == OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT)
353 /* We usually try to add a non-existent subroutine in case of AUTOLOAD. */
354 /* (But not in defined().) */
356 CV *cv = sv_2cv(TOPs, &stash, &gv, flags);
359 cv = (CV*)sv_2mortal((SV*)cv_clone(cv));
360 if ((PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)) {
361 if (gv && GvCV(gv) == cv && (gv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(gv), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv), FALSE)))
364 DIE(aTHX_ "Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call");
367 else if ((flags == (GV_ADD|GV_NOEXPAND)) && gv && SvROK(gv)) {
371 cv = (CV*)&PL_sv_undef;
382 SV *ret = &PL_sv_undef;
384 if (SvPOK(TOPs) && SvCUR(TOPs) >= 7) {
385 const char * const s = SvPVX_const(TOPs);
386 if (strnEQ(s, "CORE::", 6)) {
387 const int code = keyword(s + 6, SvCUR(TOPs) - 6);
388 if (code < 0) { /* Overridable. */
389 #define MAX_ARGS_OP ((sizeof(I32) - 1) * 2)
390 int i = 0, n = 0, seen_question = 0;
392 char str[ MAX_ARGS_OP * 2 + 2 ]; /* One ';', one '\0' */
394 if (code == -KEY_chop || code == -KEY_chomp
395 || code == -KEY_exec || code == -KEY_system)
397 while (i < MAXO) { /* The slow way. */
398 if (strEQ(s + 6, PL_op_name[i])
399 || strEQ(s + 6, PL_op_desc[i]))
405 goto nonesuch; /* Should not happen... */
407 oa = PL_opargs[i] >> OASHIFT;
409 if (oa & OA_OPTIONAL && !seen_question) {
413 if ((oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) >= OA_AVREF
414 && (oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) <= OA_SCALARREF
415 /* But globs are already references (kinda) */
416 && (oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) != OA_FILEREF
420 str[n++] = ("?$@@%&*$")[oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)];
424 ret = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(str, n - 1));
426 else if (code) /* Non-Overridable */
428 else { /* None such */
430 DIE(aTHX_ "Can't find an opnumber for \"%s\"", s+6);
434 cv = sv_2cv(TOPs, &stash, &gv, 0);
436 ret = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(SvPVX_const(cv), SvCUR(cv)));
445 CV* cv = (CV*)PAD_SV(PL_op->op_targ);
447 cv = (CV*)sv_2mortal((SV*)cv_clone(cv));
463 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
467 *MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
468 *MARK = refto(*MARK);
472 EXTEND_MORTAL(SP - MARK);
474 *MARK = refto(*MARK);
479 S_refto(pTHX_ SV *sv)
484 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVLV && LvTYPE(sv) == 'y') {
487 if (!(sv = LvTARG(sv)))
490 (void)SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
492 else if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVAV) {
493 if (!AvREAL((AV*)sv) && AvREIFY((AV*)sv))
496 (void)SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
498 else if (SvPADTMP(sv) && !IS_PADGV(sv))
502 (void)SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
505 sv_upgrade(rv, SVt_RV);
515 SV * const sv = POPs;
520 if (!sv || !SvROK(sv))
523 pv = sv_reftype(SvRV(sv),TRUE);
524 PUSHp(pv, strlen(pv));
534 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
536 SV * const ssv = POPs;
540 if (ssv && !SvGMAGICAL(ssv) && !SvAMAGIC(ssv) && SvROK(ssv))
541 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Attempt to bless into a reference");
542 ptr = SvPV_const(ssv,len);
543 if (len == 0 && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
544 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
545 "Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)");
546 stash = gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, TRUE);
549 (void)sv_bless(TOPs, stash);
558 const char * const elem = SvPV_nolen_const(sv);
559 GV * const gv = (GV*)POPs;
564 /* elem will always be NUL terminated. */
565 const char * const second_letter = elem + 1;
568 if (strEQ(second_letter, "RRAY"))
569 tmpRef = (SV*)GvAV(gv);
572 if (strEQ(second_letter, "ODE"))
573 tmpRef = (SV*)GvCVu(gv);
576 if (strEQ(second_letter, "ILEHANDLE")) {
577 /* finally deprecated in 5.8.0 */
578 deprecate("*glob{FILEHANDLE}");
579 tmpRef = (SV*)GvIOp(gv);
582 if (strEQ(second_letter, "ORMAT"))
583 tmpRef = (SV*)GvFORM(gv);
586 if (strEQ(second_letter, "LOB"))
590 if (strEQ(second_letter, "ASH"))
591 tmpRef = (SV*)GvHV(gv);
594 if (*second_letter == 'O' && !elem[2])
595 tmpRef = (SV*)GvIOp(gv);
598 if (strEQ(second_letter, "AME"))
599 sv = newSVpvn(GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv));
602 if (strEQ(second_letter, "ACKAGE")) {
603 const HV * const stash = GvSTASH(gv);
604 const HEK * const hek = stash ? HvNAME_HEK(stash) : NULL;
605 sv = hek ? newSVhek(hek) : newSVpvs("__ANON__");
609 if (strEQ(second_letter, "CALAR"))
624 /* Pattern matching */
629 register unsigned char *s;
632 register I32 *sfirst;
636 if (sv == PL_lastscream) {
642 SvSCREAM_off(PL_lastscream);
643 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_lastscream);
645 PL_lastscream = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
648 s = (unsigned char*)(SvPV(sv, len));
652 if (pos > PL_maxscream) {
653 if (PL_maxscream < 0) {
654 PL_maxscream = pos + 80;
655 Newx(PL_screamfirst, 256, I32);
656 Newx(PL_screamnext, PL_maxscream, I32);
659 PL_maxscream = pos + pos / 4;
660 Renew(PL_screamnext, PL_maxscream, I32);
664 sfirst = PL_screamfirst;
665 snext = PL_screamnext;
667 if (!sfirst || !snext)
668 DIE(aTHX_ "do_study: out of memory");
670 for (ch = 256; ch; --ch)
675 register const I32 ch = s[pos];
677 snext[pos] = sfirst[ch] - pos;
684 /* piggyback on m//g magic */
685 sv_magic(sv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global, NULL, 0);
694 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
696 else if (PL_op->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
702 TARG = sv_newmortal();
707 /* Lvalue operators. */
719 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dTARGET; dORIGMARK;
721 do_chop(TARG, *++MARK);
730 SETi(do_chomp(TOPs));
736 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dTARGET;
737 register I32 count = 0;
740 count += do_chomp(POPs);
750 if (!PL_op->op_private) {
759 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
761 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
771 if (cv_const_sv((CV*)sv) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
772 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Constant subroutine %s undefined",
773 CvANON((CV*)sv) ? "(anonymous)" : GvENAME(CvGV((CV*)sv)));
777 /* let user-undef'd sub keep its identity */
778 GV* const gv = CvGV((CV*)sv);
785 SvSetMagicSV(sv, &PL_sv_undef);
790 GvGP(sv) = gp_ref(gp);
792 GvLINE(sv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
798 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PV && SvPVX_const(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
813 if (SvTYPE(TOPs) >= SVt_PVGV && SvTYPE(TOPs) != SVt_PVLV)
814 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
815 if (!SvREADONLY(TOPs) && SvIOK_notUV(TOPs) && !SvNOK(TOPs) && !SvPOK(TOPs)
816 && SvIVX(TOPs) != IV_MIN)
818 SvIV_set(TOPs, SvIVX(TOPs) - 1);
819 SvFLAGS(TOPs) &= ~(SVp_NOK|SVp_POK);
830 if (SvTYPE(TOPs) >= SVt_PVGV && SvTYPE(TOPs) != SVt_PVLV)
831 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
832 sv_setsv(TARG, TOPs);
833 if (!SvREADONLY(TOPs) && SvIOK_notUV(TOPs) && !SvNOK(TOPs) && !SvPOK(TOPs)
834 && SvIVX(TOPs) != IV_MAX)
836 SvIV_set(TOPs, SvIVX(TOPs) + 1);
837 SvFLAGS(TOPs) &= ~(SVp_NOK|SVp_POK);
842 /* special case for undef: see thread at 2003-03/msg00536.html in archive */
852 if (SvTYPE(TOPs) >= SVt_PVGV && SvTYPE(TOPs) != SVt_PVLV)
853 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
854 sv_setsv(TARG, TOPs);
855 if (!SvREADONLY(TOPs) && SvIOK_notUV(TOPs) && !SvNOK(TOPs) && !SvPOK(TOPs)
856 && SvIVX(TOPs) != IV_MIN)
858 SvIV_set(TOPs, SvIVX(TOPs) - 1);
859 SvFLAGS(TOPs) &= ~(SVp_NOK|SVp_POK);
868 /* Ordinary operators. */
873 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
876 tryAMAGICbin(pow,opASSIGN);
877 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
878 /* For integer to integer power, we do the calculation by hand wherever
879 we're sure it is safe; otherwise we call pow() and try to convert to
880 integer afterwards. */
893 const IV iv = SvIVX(TOPs);
897 goto float_it; /* Can't do negative powers this way. */
901 baseuok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
903 baseuv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
905 const IV iv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
908 baseuok = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
910 baseuv = -iv; /* abs, baseuok == false records sign */
913 /* now we have integer ** positive integer. */
916 /* foo & (foo - 1) is zero only for a power of 2. */
917 if (!(baseuv & (baseuv - 1))) {
918 /* We are raising power-of-2 to a positive integer.
919 The logic here will work for any base (even non-integer
920 bases) but it can be less accurate than
921 pow (base,power) or exp (power * log (base)) when the
922 intermediate values start to spill out of the mantissa.
923 With powers of 2 we know this can't happen.
924 And powers of 2 are the favourite thing for perl
925 programmers to notice ** not doing what they mean. */
927 NV base = baseuok ? baseuv : -(NV)baseuv;
932 while (power >>= 1) {
943 register unsigned int highbit = 8 * sizeof(UV);
944 register unsigned int diff = 8 * sizeof(UV);
947 if (baseuv >> highbit) {
951 /* we now have baseuv < 2 ** highbit */
952 if (power * highbit <= 8 * sizeof(UV)) {
953 /* result will definitely fit in UV, so use UV math
954 on same algorithm as above */
955 register UV result = 1;
956 register UV base = baseuv;
957 const bool odd_power = (bool)(power & 1);
961 while (power >>= 1) {
968 if (baseuok || !odd_power)
969 /* answer is positive */
971 else if (result <= (UV)IV_MAX)
972 /* answer negative, fits in IV */
974 else if (result == (UV)IV_MIN)
975 /* 2's complement assumption: special case IV_MIN */
978 /* answer negative, doesn't fit */
990 SETn( Perl_pow( left, right) );
991 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1001 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(mult,opASSIGN);
1002 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1005 /* Unless the left argument is integer in range we are going to have to
1006 use NV maths. Hence only attempt to coerce the right argument if
1007 we know the left is integer. */
1008 /* Left operand is defined, so is it IV? */
1009 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1010 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1011 bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1012 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1013 const UV topmask = (~ (UV)0) << (4 * sizeof (UV));
1014 const UV botmask = ~((~ (UV)0) << (4 * sizeof (UV)));
1021 alow = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1023 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1026 auvok = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1028 alow = -aiv; /* abs, auvok == false records sign */
1034 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1037 buvok = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1039 blow = -biv; /* abs, buvok == false records sign */
1043 /* If this does sign extension on unsigned it's time for plan B */
1044 ahigh = alow >> (4 * sizeof (UV));
1046 bhigh = blow >> (4 * sizeof (UV));
1048 if (ahigh && bhigh) {
1049 /* eg 32 bit is at least 0x10000 * 0x10000 == 0x100000000
1050 which is overflow. Drop to NVs below. */
1051 } else if (!ahigh && !bhigh) {
1052 /* eg 32 bit is at most 0xFFFF * 0xFFFF == 0xFFFE0001
1053 so the unsigned multiply cannot overflow. */
1054 const UV product = alow * blow;
1055 if (auvok == buvok) {
1056 /* -ve * -ve or +ve * +ve gives a +ve result. */
1060 } else if (product <= (UV)IV_MIN) {
1061 /* 2s complement assumption that (UV)-IV_MIN is correct. */
1062 /* -ve result, which could overflow an IV */
1064 SETi( -(IV)product );
1066 } /* else drop to NVs below. */
1068 /* One operand is large, 1 small */
1071 /* swap the operands */
1073 bhigh = blow; /* bhigh now the temp var for the swap */
1077 /* now, ((ahigh * blow) << half_UV_len) + (alow * blow)
1078 multiplies can't overflow. shift can, add can, -ve can. */
1079 product_middle = ahigh * blow;
1080 if (!(product_middle & topmask)) {
1081 /* OK, (ahigh * blow) won't lose bits when we shift it. */
1083 product_middle <<= (4 * sizeof (UV));
1084 product_low = alow * blow;
1086 /* as for pp_add, UV + something mustn't get smaller.
1087 IIRC ANSI mandates this wrapping *behaviour* for
1088 unsigned whatever the actual representation*/
1089 product_low += product_middle;
1090 if (product_low >= product_middle) {
1091 /* didn't overflow */
1092 if (auvok == buvok) {
1093 /* -ve * -ve or +ve * +ve gives a +ve result. */
1095 SETu( product_low );
1097 } else if (product_low <= (UV)IV_MIN) {
1098 /* 2s complement assumption again */
1099 /* -ve result, which could overflow an IV */
1101 SETi( -(IV)product_low );
1103 } /* else drop to NVs below. */
1105 } /* product_middle too large */
1106 } /* ahigh && bhigh */
1107 } /* SvIOK(TOPm1s) */
1112 SETn( left * right );
1119 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(div,opASSIGN);
1120 /* Only try to do UV divide first
1121 if ((SLOPPYDIVIDE is true) or
1122 (PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV is true and one or both SV is a UV too large
1124 The assumption is that it is better to use floating point divide
1125 whenever possible, only doing integer divide first if we can't be sure.
1126 If NV_PRESERVES_UV is true then we know at compile time that no UV
1127 can be too large to preserve, so don't need to compile the code to
1128 test the size of UVs. */
1131 # define PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
1132 /* ensure that 20./5. == 4. */
1134 # ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1135 # ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1136 # define PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
1141 #ifdef PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
1144 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1145 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1146 bool left_non_neg = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1147 bool right_non_neg = SvUOK(TOPs);
1151 if (right_non_neg) {
1152 right = SvUVX(TOPs);
1155 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1158 right_non_neg = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1164 /* historically undef()/0 gives a "Use of uninitialized value"
1165 warning before dieing, hence this test goes here.
1166 If it were immediately before the second SvIV_please, then
1167 DIE() would be invoked before left was even inspected, so
1168 no inpsection would give no warning. */
1170 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
1173 left = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1176 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1179 left_non_neg = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1188 /* For sloppy divide we always attempt integer division. */
1190 /* Otherwise we only attempt it if either or both operands
1191 would not be preserved by an NV. If both fit in NVs
1192 we fall through to the NV divide code below. However,
1193 as left >= right to ensure integer result here, we know that
1194 we can skip the test on the right operand - right big
1195 enough not to be preserved can't get here unless left is
1198 && (left > ((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS))
1201 /* Integer division can't overflow, but it can be imprecise. */
1202 const UV result = left / right;
1203 if (result * right == left) {
1204 SP--; /* result is valid */
1205 if (left_non_neg == right_non_neg) {
1206 /* signs identical, result is positive. */
1210 /* 2s complement assumption */
1211 if (result <= (UV)IV_MIN)
1212 SETi( -(IV)result );
1214 /* It's exact but too negative for IV. */
1215 SETn( -(NV)result );
1218 } /* tried integer divide but it was not an integer result */
1219 } /* else (PERL_ABS(result) < 1.0) or (both UVs in range for NV) */
1220 } /* left wasn't SvIOK */
1221 } /* right wasn't SvIOK */
1222 #endif /* PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE */
1226 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
1227 PUSHn( left / right );
1234 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(modulo,opASSIGN);
1238 bool left_neg = FALSE;
1239 bool right_neg = FALSE;
1240 bool use_double = FALSE;
1241 bool dright_valid = FALSE;
1247 right_neg = !SvUOK(TOPs);
1249 right = SvUVX(POPs);
1251 const IV biv = SvIVX(POPs);
1254 right_neg = FALSE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1262 right_neg = dright < 0;
1265 if (dright < UV_MAX_P1) {
1266 right = U_V(dright);
1267 dright_valid = TRUE; /* In case we need to use double below. */
1273 /* At this point use_double is only true if right is out of range for
1274 a UV. In range NV has been rounded down to nearest UV and
1275 use_double false. */
1277 if (!use_double && SvIOK(TOPs)) {
1279 left_neg = !SvUOK(TOPs);
1283 const IV aiv = SvIVX(POPs);
1286 left_neg = FALSE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1295 left_neg = dleft < 0;
1299 /* This should be exactly the 5.6 behaviour - if left and right are
1300 both in range for UV then use U_V() rather than floor. */
1302 if (dleft < UV_MAX_P1) {
1303 /* right was in range, so is dleft, so use UVs not double.
1307 /* left is out of range for UV, right was in range, so promote
1308 right (back) to double. */
1310 /* The +0.5 is used in 5.6 even though it is not strictly
1311 consistent with the implicit +0 floor in the U_V()
1312 inside the #if 1. */
1313 dleft = Perl_floor(dleft + 0.5);
1316 dright = Perl_floor(dright + 0.5);
1326 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
1328 dans = Perl_fmod(dleft, dright);
1329 if ((left_neg != right_neg) && dans)
1330 dans = dright - dans;
1333 sv_setnv(TARG, dans);
1339 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
1342 if ((left_neg != right_neg) && ans)
1345 /* XXX may warn: unary minus operator applied to unsigned type */
1346 /* could change -foo to be (~foo)+1 instead */
1347 if (ans <= ~((UV)IV_MAX)+1)
1348 sv_setiv(TARG, ~ans+1);
1350 sv_setnv(TARG, -(NV)ans);
1353 sv_setuv(TARG, ans);
1362 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(repeat,opASSIGN);
1369 const UV uv = SvUV(sv);
1371 count = IV_MAX; /* The best we can do? */
1375 const IV iv = SvIV(sv);
1382 else if (SvNOKp(sv)) {
1383 const NV nv = SvNV(sv);
1391 if (GIMME == G_ARRAY && PL_op->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) {
1393 static const char oom_list_extend[] = "Out of memory during list extend";
1394 const I32 items = SP - MARK;
1395 const I32 max = items * count;
1397 MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(max, SV*, oom_list_extend);
1398 /* Did the max computation overflow? */
1399 if (items > 0 && max > 0 && (max < items || max < count))
1400 Perl_croak(aTHX_ oom_list_extend);
1405 /* This code was intended to fix 20010809.028:
1408 for (($x =~ /./g) x 2) {
1409 print chop; # "abcdabcd" expected as output.
1412 * but that change (#11635) broke this code:
1414 $x = [("foo")x2]; # only one "foo" ended up in the anonlist.
1416 * I can't think of a better fix that doesn't introduce
1417 * an efficiency hit by copying the SVs. The stack isn't
1418 * refcounted, and mortalisation obviously doesn't
1419 * Do The Right Thing when the stack has more than
1420 * one pointer to the same mortal value.
1424 *SP = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(*SP));
1434 repeatcpy((char*)(MARK + items), (char*)MARK,
1435 items * sizeof(SV*), count - 1);
1438 else if (count <= 0)
1441 else { /* Note: mark already snarfed by pp_list */
1442 SV * const tmpstr = POPs;
1445 static const char oom_string_extend[] =
1446 "Out of memory during string extend";
1448 SvSetSV(TARG, tmpstr);
1449 SvPV_force(TARG, len);
1450 isutf = DO_UTF8(TARG);
1455 const STRLEN max = (UV)count * len;
1456 if (len > ((MEM_SIZE)~0)/count)
1457 Perl_croak(aTHX_ oom_string_extend);
1458 MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(max, char, oom_string_extend);
1459 SvGROW(TARG, max + 1);
1460 repeatcpy(SvPVX(TARG) + len, SvPVX(TARG), len, count - 1);
1461 SvCUR_set(TARG, SvCUR(TARG) * count);
1463 *SvEND(TARG) = '\0';
1466 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(TARG);
1468 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
1470 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) {
1471 /* The parser saw this as a list repeat, and there
1472 are probably several items on the stack. But we're
1473 in scalar context, and there's no pp_list to save us
1474 now. So drop the rest of the items -- robin@kitsite.com
1487 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; bool useleft; tryAMAGICbin(subtr,opASSIGN);
1488 useleft = USE_LEFT(TOPm1s);
1489 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1490 /* See comments in pp_add (in pp_hot.c) about Overflow, and how
1491 "bad things" happen if you rely on signed integers wrapping. */
1494 /* Unless the left argument is integer in range we are going to have to
1495 use NV maths. Hence only attempt to coerce the right argument if
1496 we know the left is integer. */
1497 register UV auv = 0;
1503 a_valid = auvok = 1;
1504 /* left operand is undef, treat as zero. */
1506 /* Left operand is defined, so is it IV? */
1507 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1508 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1509 if ((auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s)))
1510 auv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1512 register const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1515 auvok = 1; /* Now acting as a sign flag. */
1516 } else { /* 2s complement assumption for IV_MIN */
1524 bool result_good = 0;
1527 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1532 register const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1539 /* ?uvok if value is >= 0. basically, flagged as UV if it's +ve,
1540 else "IV" now, independent of how it came in.
1541 if a, b represents positive, A, B negative, a maps to -A etc
1546 all UV maths. negate result if A negative.
1547 subtract if signs same, add if signs differ. */
1549 if (auvok ^ buvok) {
1558 /* Must get smaller */
1563 if (result <= buv) {
1564 /* result really should be -(auv-buv). as its negation
1565 of true value, need to swap our result flag */
1577 if (result <= (UV)IV_MIN)
1578 SETi( -(IV)result );
1580 /* result valid, but out of range for IV. */
1581 SETn( -(NV)result );
1585 } /* Overflow, drop through to NVs. */
1589 useleft = USE_LEFT(TOPm1s);
1593 /* left operand is undef, treat as zero - value */
1597 SETn( TOPn - value );
1604 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(lshift,opASSIGN);
1606 const IV shift = POPi;
1607 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
1621 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(rshift,opASSIGN);
1623 const IV shift = POPi;
1624 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
1638 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(lt,0);
1639 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1642 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1643 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1644 bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1645 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1647 if (!auvok && !buvok) { /* ## IV < IV ## */
1648 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1649 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1652 SETs(boolSV(aiv < biv));
1655 if (auvok && buvok) { /* ## UV < UV ## */
1656 const UV auv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1657 const UV buv = SvUVX(TOPs);
1660 SETs(boolSV(auv < buv));
1663 if (auvok) { /* ## UV < IV ## */
1665 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1668 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so it cannot be < */
1673 SETs(boolSV(auv < (UV)biv));
1676 { /* ## IV < UV ## */
1677 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1681 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so it must be < */
1688 SETs(boolSV((UV)aiv < buv));
1694 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1695 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1698 if (SvROK(TOPs) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPm1s)) {
1700 SETs(boolSV(SvRV(TOPs) < SvRV(TOPp1s)));
1706 SETs(boolSV(TOPn < value));
1713 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(gt,0);
1714 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1717 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1718 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1719 bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1720 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1722 if (!auvok && !buvok) { /* ## IV > IV ## */
1723 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1724 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1727 SETs(boolSV(aiv > biv));
1730 if (auvok && buvok) { /* ## UV > UV ## */
1731 const UV auv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1732 const UV buv = SvUVX(TOPs);
1735 SETs(boolSV(auv > buv));
1738 if (auvok) { /* ## UV > IV ## */
1740 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1744 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so it must be > */
1749 SETs(boolSV(auv > (UV)biv));
1752 { /* ## IV > UV ## */
1753 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1757 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so it cannot be > */
1764 SETs(boolSV((UV)aiv > buv));
1770 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1771 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1774 if (SvROK(TOPs) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPm1s)) {
1776 SETs(boolSV(SvRV(TOPs) > SvRV(TOPp1s)));
1782 SETs(boolSV(TOPn > value));
1789 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(le,0);
1790 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1793 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1794 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1795 bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1796 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1798 if (!auvok && !buvok) { /* ## IV <= IV ## */
1799 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1800 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1803 SETs(boolSV(aiv <= biv));
1806 if (auvok && buvok) { /* ## UV <= UV ## */
1807 UV auv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1808 UV buv = SvUVX(TOPs);
1811 SETs(boolSV(auv <= buv));
1814 if (auvok) { /* ## UV <= IV ## */
1816 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1820 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so a cannot be <= */
1825 SETs(boolSV(auv <= (UV)biv));
1828 { /* ## IV <= UV ## */
1829 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1833 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so a must be <= */
1840 SETs(boolSV((UV)aiv <= buv));
1846 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1847 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1850 if (SvROK(TOPs) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPm1s)) {
1852 SETs(boolSV(SvRV(TOPs) <= SvRV(TOPp1s)));
1858 SETs(boolSV(TOPn <= value));
1865 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(ge,0);
1866 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1869 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1870 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1871 bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1872 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1874 if (!auvok && !buvok) { /* ## IV >= IV ## */
1875 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1876 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1879 SETs(boolSV(aiv >= biv));
1882 if (auvok && buvok) { /* ## UV >= UV ## */
1883 const UV auv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1884 const UV buv = SvUVX(TOPs);
1887 SETs(boolSV(auv >= buv));
1890 if (auvok) { /* ## UV >= IV ## */
1892 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1896 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so it must be >= */
1901 SETs(boolSV(auv >= (UV)biv));
1904 { /* ## IV >= UV ## */
1905 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1909 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so a cannot be >= */
1916 SETs(boolSV((UV)aiv >= buv));
1922 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1923 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1926 if (SvROK(TOPs) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPm1s)) {
1928 SETs(boolSV(SvRV(TOPs) >= SvRV(TOPp1s)));
1934 SETs(boolSV(TOPn >= value));
1941 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(ne,0);
1942 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1943 if (SvROK(TOPs) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPm1s)) {
1945 SETs(boolSV(SvRV(TOPs) != SvRV(TOPp1s)));
1949 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1952 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1953 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1954 const bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1955 const bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1957 if (auvok == buvok) { /* ## IV == IV or UV == UV ## */
1958 /* Casting IV to UV before comparison isn't going to matter
1959 on 2s complement. On 1s complement or sign&magnitude
1960 (if we have any of them) it could make negative zero
1961 differ from normal zero. As I understand it. (Need to
1962 check - is negative zero implementation defined behaviour
1964 const UV buv = SvUVX(POPs);
1965 const UV auv = SvUVX(TOPs);
1967 SETs(boolSV(auv != buv));
1970 { /* ## Mixed IV,UV ## */
1974 /* != is commutative so swap if needed (save code) */
1976 /* swap. top of stack (b) is the iv */
1980 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >0, so it cannot be == */
1989 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >0, so it cannot be == */
1993 uv = SvUVX(*(SP+1)); /* Do I want TOPp1s() ? */
1995 SETs(boolSV((UV)iv != uv));
2003 SETs(boolSV(TOPn != value));
2010 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICbin(ncmp,0);
2011 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2012 if (SvROK(TOPs) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPm1s)) {
2013 const UV right = PTR2UV(SvRV(POPs));
2014 const UV left = PTR2UV(SvRV(TOPs));
2015 SETi((left > right) - (left < right));
2019 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
2020 /* Fortunately it seems NaN isn't IOK */
2023 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
2024 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
2025 const bool leftuvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
2026 const bool rightuvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
2028 if (!leftuvok && !rightuvok) { /* ## IV <=> IV ## */
2029 const IV leftiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
2030 const IV rightiv = SvIVX(TOPs);
2032 if (leftiv > rightiv)
2034 else if (leftiv < rightiv)
2038 } else if (leftuvok && rightuvok) { /* ## UV <=> UV ## */
2039 const UV leftuv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
2040 const UV rightuv = SvUVX(TOPs);
2042 if (leftuv > rightuv)
2044 else if (leftuv < rightuv)
2048 } else if (leftuvok) { /* ## UV <=> IV ## */
2049 const IV rightiv = SvIVX(TOPs);
2051 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so it cannot be < */
2054 const UV leftuv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
2055 if (leftuv > (UV)rightiv) {
2057 } else if (leftuv < (UV)rightiv) {
2063 } else { /* ## IV <=> UV ## */
2064 const IV leftiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
2066 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so it must be < */
2069 const UV rightuv = SvUVX(TOPs);
2070 if ((UV)leftiv > rightuv) {
2072 } else if ((UV)leftiv < rightuv) {
2090 if (Perl_isnan(left) || Perl_isnan(right)) {
2094 value = (left > right) - (left < right);
2098 else if (left < right)
2100 else if (left > right)
2116 int amg_type = sle_amg;
2120 switch (PL_op->op_type) {
2139 tryAMAGICbinSET_var(amg_type,0);
2142 const int cmp = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
2143 ? sv_cmp_locale(left, right)
2144 : sv_cmp(left, right));
2145 SETs(boolSV(cmp * multiplier < rhs));
2152 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(seq,0);
2155 SETs(boolSV(sv_eq(left, right)));
2162 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(sne,0);
2165 SETs(boolSV(!sv_eq(left, right)));
2172 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICbin(scmp,0);
2175 const int cmp = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
2176 ? sv_cmp_locale(left, right)
2177 : sv_cmp(left, right));
2185 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(band,opASSIGN);
2190 if (SvNIOKp(left) || SvNIOKp(right)) {
2191 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2192 const IV i = SvIV_nomg(left) & SvIV_nomg(right);
2196 const UV u = SvUV_nomg(left) & SvUV_nomg(right);
2201 do_vop(PL_op->op_type, TARG, left, right);
2210 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(bxor,opASSIGN);
2215 if (SvNIOKp(left) || SvNIOKp(right)) {
2216 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2217 const IV i = (USE_LEFT(left) ? SvIV_nomg(left) : 0) ^ SvIV_nomg(right);
2221 const UV u = (USE_LEFT(left) ? SvUV_nomg(left) : 0) ^ SvUV_nomg(right);
2226 do_vop(PL_op->op_type, TARG, left, right);
2235 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(bor,opASSIGN);
2240 if (SvNIOKp(left) || SvNIOKp(right)) {
2241 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2242 const IV i = (USE_LEFT(left) ? SvIV_nomg(left) : 0) | SvIV_nomg(right);
2246 const UV u = (USE_LEFT(left) ? SvUV_nomg(left) : 0) | SvUV_nomg(right);
2251 do_vop(PL_op->op_type, TARG, left, right);
2260 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(neg);
2263 const int flags = SvFLAGS(sv);
2265 if ((flags & SVf_IOK) || ((flags & (SVp_IOK | SVp_NOK)) == SVp_IOK)) {
2266 /* It's publicly an integer, or privately an integer-not-float */
2269 if (SvIVX(sv) == IV_MIN) {
2270 /* 2s complement assumption. */
2271 SETi(SvIVX(sv)); /* special case: -((UV)IV_MAX+1) == IV_MIN */
2274 else if (SvUVX(sv) <= IV_MAX) {
2279 else if (SvIVX(sv) != IV_MIN) {
2283 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
2292 else if (SvPOKp(sv)) {
2294 const char * const s = SvPV_const(sv, len);
2295 if (isIDFIRST(*s)) {
2296 sv_setpvn(TARG, "-", 1);
2299 else if (*s == '+' || *s == '-') {
2301 *SvPV_force(TARG, len) = *s == '-' ? '+' : '-';
2303 else if (DO_UTF8(sv)) {
2306 goto oops_its_an_int;
2308 sv_setnv(TARG, -SvNV(sv));
2310 sv_setpvn(TARG, "-", 1);
2317 goto oops_its_an_int;
2318 sv_setnv(TARG, -SvNV(sv));
2330 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICunSET(not);
2331 *PL_stack_sp = boolSV(!SvTRUE(*PL_stack_sp));
2337 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(compl);
2342 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2343 const IV i = ~SvIV_nomg(sv);
2347 const UV u = ~SvUV_nomg(sv);
2356 (void)SvPV_nomg_const(sv,len); /* force check for uninit var */
2357 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, sv);
2358 tmps = (U8*)SvPV_force(TARG, len);
2361 /* Calculate exact length, let's not estimate. */
2370 while (tmps < send) {
2371 const UV c = utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, send-tmps, &l, UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV);
2372 tmps += UTF8SKIP(tmps);
2373 targlen += UNISKIP(~c);
2379 /* Now rewind strings and write them. */
2383 Newxz(result, targlen + 1, U8);
2384 while (tmps < send) {
2385 const UV c = utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, send-tmps, &l, UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV);
2386 tmps += UTF8SKIP(tmps);
2387 result = uvchr_to_utf8_flags(result, ~c, UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY);
2391 sv_setpvn(TARG, (char*)result, targlen);
2395 Newxz(result, nchar + 1, U8);
2396 while (tmps < send) {
2397 const U8 c = (U8)utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, 0, &l, UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
2398 tmps += UTF8SKIP(tmps);
2403 sv_setpvn(TARG, (char*)result, nchar);
2412 register long *tmpl;
2413 for ( ; anum && (unsigned long)tmps % sizeof(long); anum--, tmps++)
2416 for ( ; anum >= sizeof(long); anum -= sizeof(long), tmpl++)
2421 for ( ; anum > 0; anum--, tmps++)
2430 /* integer versions of some of the above */
2434 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(mult,opASSIGN);
2437 SETi( left * right );
2444 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(div,opASSIGN);
2448 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
2449 value = POPi / value;
2458 /* This is the vanilla old i_modulo. */
2459 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(modulo,opASSIGN);
2463 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
2464 SETi( left % right );
2469 #if defined(__GLIBC__) && IVSIZE == 8
2473 /* This is the i_modulo with the workaround for the _moddi3 bug
2474 * in (at least) glibc 2.2.5 (the PERL_ABS() the workaround).
2475 * See below for pp_i_modulo. */
2476 dVAR; dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(modulo,opASSIGN);
2480 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
2481 SETi( left % PERL_ABS(right) );
2489 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(modulo,opASSIGN);
2493 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
2494 /* The assumption is to use hereafter the old vanilla version... */
2496 PL_ppaddr[OP_I_MODULO] =
2498 /* .. but if we have glibc, we might have a buggy _moddi3
2499 * (at least glicb 2.2.5 is known to have this bug), in other
2500 * words our integer modulus with negative quad as the second
2501 * argument might be broken. Test for this and re-patch the
2502 * opcode dispatch table if that is the case, remembering to
2503 * also apply the workaround so that this first round works
2504 * right, too. See [perl #9402] for more information. */
2505 #if defined(__GLIBC__) && IVSIZE == 8
2509 /* Cannot do this check with inlined IV constants since
2510 * that seems to work correctly even with the buggy glibc. */
2512 /* Yikes, we have the bug.
2513 * Patch in the workaround version. */
2515 PL_ppaddr[OP_I_MODULO] =
2516 &Perl_pp_i_modulo_1;
2517 /* Make certain we work right this time, too. */
2518 right = PERL_ABS(right);
2522 SETi( left % right );
2529 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(add,opASSIGN);
2532 SETi( left + right );
2539 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(subtr,opASSIGN);
2542 SETi( left - right );
2549 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(lt,0);
2552 SETs(boolSV(left < right));
2559 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(gt,0);
2562 SETs(boolSV(left > right));
2569 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(le,0);
2572 SETs(boolSV(left <= right));
2579 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(ge,0);
2582 SETs(boolSV(left >= right));
2589 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(eq,0);
2592 SETs(boolSV(left == right));
2599 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(ne,0);
2602 SETs(boolSV(left != right));
2609 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICbin(ncmp,0);
2616 else if (left < right)
2627 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(neg);
2632 /* High falutin' math. */
2636 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICbin(atan2,0);
2639 SETn(Perl_atan2(left, right));
2646 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(sin);
2648 const NV value = POPn;
2649 XPUSHn(Perl_sin(value));
2656 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(cos);
2658 const NV value = POPn;
2659 XPUSHn(Perl_cos(value));
2664 /* Support Configure command-line overrides for rand() functions.
2665 After 5.005, perhaps we should replace this by Configure support
2666 for drand48(), random(), or rand(). For 5.005, though, maintain
2667 compatibility by calling rand() but allow the user to override it.
2668 See INSTALL for details. --Andy Dougherty 15 July 1998
2670 /* Now it's after 5.005, and Configure supports drand48() and random(),
2671 in addition to rand(). So the overrides should not be needed any more.
2672 --Jarkko Hietaniemi 27 September 1998
2675 #ifndef HAS_DRAND48_PROTO
2676 extern double drand48 (void);
2689 if (!PL_srand_called) {
2690 (void)seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)seed());
2691 PL_srand_called = TRUE;
2701 const UV anum = (MAXARG < 1) ? seed() : POPu;
2702 (void)seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)anum);
2703 PL_srand_called = TRUE;
2710 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(exp);
2714 value = Perl_exp(value);
2722 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(log);
2724 const NV value = POPn;
2726 SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD();
2727 DIE(aTHX_ "Can't take log of %"NVgf, value);
2729 XPUSHn(Perl_log(value));
2736 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(sqrt);
2738 const NV value = POPn;
2740 SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD();
2741 DIE(aTHX_ "Can't take sqrt of %"NVgf, value);
2743 XPUSHn(Perl_sqrt(value));
2750 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(int);
2752 const IV iv = TOPi; /* attempt to convert to IV if possible. */
2753 /* XXX it's arguable that compiler casting to IV might be subtly
2754 different from modf (for numbers inside (IV_MIN,UV_MAX)) in which
2755 else preferring IV has introduced a subtle behaviour change bug. OTOH
2756 relying on floating point to be accurate is a bug. */
2760 else if (SvIOK(TOPs)) {
2767 const NV value = TOPn;
2769 if (value < (NV)UV_MAX + 0.5) {
2772 SETn(Perl_floor(value));
2776 if (value > (NV)IV_MIN - 0.5) {
2779 SETn(Perl_ceil(value));
2789 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(abs);
2791 /* This will cache the NV value if string isn't actually integer */
2796 else if (SvIOK(TOPs)) {
2797 /* IVX is precise */
2799 SETu(TOPu); /* force it to be numeric only */
2807 /* 2s complement assumption. Also, not really needed as
2808 IV_MIN and -IV_MIN should both be %100...00 and NV-able */
2814 const NV value = TOPn;
2829 I32 flags = PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES;
2833 SV* const sv = POPs;
2835 tmps = (SvPV_const(sv, len));
2837 /* If Unicode, try to downgrade
2838 * If not possible, croak. */
2839 SV* const tsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(sv));
2842 sv_utf8_downgrade(tsv, FALSE);
2843 tmps = SvPV_const(tsv, len);
2845 result_uv = grok_hex (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2846 if (flags & PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX) {
2859 I32 flags = PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES;
2863 SV* const sv = POPs;
2865 tmps = (SvPV_const(sv, len));
2867 /* If Unicode, try to downgrade
2868 * If not possible, croak. */
2869 SV* const tsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(sv));
2872 sv_utf8_downgrade(tsv, FALSE);
2873 tmps = SvPV_const(tsv, len);
2875 while (*tmps && len && isSPACE(*tmps))
2880 result_uv = grok_hex (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2881 else if (*tmps == 'b')
2882 result_uv = grok_bin (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2884 result_uv = grok_oct (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2886 if (flags & PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX) {
2900 SV * const sv = TOPs;
2903 SETi(sv_len_utf8(sv));
2919 const I32 lvalue = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET;
2921 const I32 arybase = PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
2923 const char *repl = NULL;
2925 const int num_args = PL_op->op_private & 7;
2926 bool repl_need_utf8_upgrade = FALSE;
2927 bool repl_is_utf8 = FALSE;
2929 SvTAINTED_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
2930 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
2934 repl = SvPV_const(repl_sv, repl_len);
2935 repl_is_utf8 = DO_UTF8(repl_sv) && SvCUR(repl_sv);
2945 sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
2947 else if (DO_UTF8(sv))
2948 repl_need_utf8_upgrade = TRUE;
2950 tmps = SvPV_const(sv, curlen);
2952 utf8_curlen = sv_len_utf8(sv);
2953 if (utf8_curlen == curlen)
2956 curlen = utf8_curlen;
2961 if (pos >= arybase) {
2979 else if (len >= 0) {
2981 if (rem > (I32)curlen)
2996 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "substr outside of string");
2997 if (ckWARN(WARN_SUBSTR))
2998 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SUBSTR), "substr outside of string");
3002 const I32 upos = pos;
3003 const I32 urem = rem;
3005 sv_pos_u2b(sv, &pos, &rem);
3007 /* we either return a PV or an LV. If the TARG hasn't been used
3008 * before, or is of that type, reuse it; otherwise use a mortal
3009 * instead. Note that LVs can have an extended lifetime, so also
3010 * dont reuse if refcount > 1 (bug #20933) */
3011 if (SvTYPE(TARG) > SVt_NULL) {
3012 if ( (SvTYPE(TARG) == SVt_PVLV)
3013 ? (!lvalue || SvREFCNT(TARG) > 1)
3016 TARG = sv_newmortal();
3020 sv_setpvn(TARG, tmps, rem);
3021 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
3022 sv_unmagic(TARG, PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm);
3027 SV* repl_sv_copy = NULL;
3029 if (repl_need_utf8_upgrade) {
3030 repl_sv_copy = newSVsv(repl_sv);
3031 sv_utf8_upgrade(repl_sv_copy);
3032 repl = SvPV_const(repl_sv_copy, repl_len);
3033 repl_is_utf8 = DO_UTF8(repl_sv_copy) && SvCUR(sv);
3035 sv_insert(sv, pos, rem, repl, repl_len);
3039 SvREFCNT_dec(repl_sv_copy);
3041 else if (lvalue) { /* it's an lvalue! */
3042 if (!SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
3044 SvPV_force_nolen(sv);
3045 if (ckWARN(WARN_SUBSTR))
3046 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SUBSTR),
3047 "Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr");
3049 if (SvOK(sv)) /* is it defined ? */
3050 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(sv);
3052 sv_setpvn(sv,"",0); /* avoid lexical reincarnation */
3055 if (SvTYPE(TARG) < SVt_PVLV) {
3056 sv_upgrade(TARG, SVt_PVLV);
3057 sv_magic(TARG, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_substr, NULL, 0);
3063 if (LvTARG(TARG) != sv) {
3065 SvREFCNT_dec(LvTARG(TARG));
3066 LvTARG(TARG) = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
3068 LvTARGOFF(TARG) = upos;
3069 LvTARGLEN(TARG) = urem;
3073 PUSHs(TARG); /* avoid SvSETMAGIC here */
3080 register const IV size = POPi;
3081 register const IV offset = POPi;
3082 register SV * const src = POPs;
3083 const I32 lvalue = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET;
3085 SvTAINTED_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3086 if (lvalue) { /* it's an lvalue! */
3087 if (SvREFCNT(TARG) > 1) /* don't share the TARG (#20933) */
3088 TARG = sv_newmortal();
3089 if (SvTYPE(TARG) < SVt_PVLV) {
3090 sv_upgrade(TARG, SVt_PVLV);
3091 sv_magic(TARG, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_vec, NULL, 0);
3094 if (LvTARG(TARG) != src) {
3096 SvREFCNT_dec(LvTARG(TARG));
3097 LvTARG(TARG) = SvREFCNT_inc(src);
3099 LvTARGOFF(TARG) = offset;
3100 LvTARGLEN(TARG) = size;
3103 sv_setuv(TARG, do_vecget(src, offset, size));
3119 const I32 arybase = PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
3126 offset = POPi - arybase;
3129 big_utf8 = DO_UTF8(big);
3130 little_utf8 = DO_UTF8(little);
3131 if (big_utf8 ^ little_utf8) {
3132 /* One needs to be upgraded. */
3133 SV * const bytes = little_utf8 ? big : little;
3135 const char * const p = SvPV_const(bytes, len);
3137 temp = newSVpvn(p, len);
3140 sv_recode_to_utf8(temp, PL_encoding);
3142 sv_utf8_upgrade(temp);
3151 if (big_utf8 && offset > 0)
3152 sv_pos_u2b(big, &offset, 0);
3153 tmps = SvPV_const(big, biglen);
3156 else if (offset > (I32)biglen)
3158 if (!(tmps2 = fbm_instr((unsigned char*)tmps + offset,
3159 (unsigned char*)tmps + biglen, little, 0)))
3162 retval = tmps2 - tmps;
3163 if (retval > 0 && big_utf8)
3164 sv_pos_b2u(big, &retval);
3167 PUSHi(retval + arybase);
3183 const I32 arybase = PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
3191 big_utf8 = DO_UTF8(big);
3192 little_utf8 = DO_UTF8(little);
3193 if (big_utf8 ^ little_utf8) {
3194 /* One needs to be upgraded. */
3195 SV * const bytes = little_utf8 ? big : little;
3197 const char *p = SvPV_const(bytes, len);
3199 temp = newSVpvn(p, len);
3202 sv_recode_to_utf8(temp, PL_encoding);
3204 sv_utf8_upgrade(temp);
3213 tmps2 = SvPV_const(little, llen);
3214 tmps = SvPV_const(big, blen);
3219 if (offset > 0 && big_utf8)
3220 sv_pos_u2b(big, &offset, 0);
3221 offset = offset - arybase + llen;
3225 else if (offset > (I32)blen)
3227 if (!(tmps2 = rninstr(tmps, tmps + offset,
3228 tmps2, tmps2 + llen)))
3231 retval = tmps2 - tmps;
3232 if (retval > 0 && big_utf8)
3233 sv_pos_b2u(big, &retval);
3236 PUSHi(retval + arybase);
3242 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
3243 do_sprintf(TARG, SP-MARK, MARK+1);
3244 TAINT_IF(SvTAINTED(TARG));
3255 const U8 *s = (U8*)SvPV_const(argsv, len);
3258 if (PL_encoding && SvPOK(argsv) && !DO_UTF8(argsv)) {
3259 tmpsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(argsv));
3260 s = (U8*)sv_recode_to_utf8(tmpsv, PL_encoding);
3264 XPUSHu(DO_UTF8(argsv) ?
3265 utf8n_to_uvchr(s, UTF8_MAXBYTES, 0, UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV) :
3277 if (((SvIOK_notUV(TOPs) && SvIV(TOPs) < 0)
3279 (SvNOK(TOPs) && SvNV(TOPs) < 0.0))) {
3281 value = POPu; /* chr(-1) eq chr(0xff), etc. */
3283 (void) POPs; /* Ignore the argument value. */
3284 value = UNICODE_REPLACEMENT;
3290 SvUPGRADE(TARG,SVt_PV);
3292 if (value > 255 && !IN_BYTES) {
3293 SvGROW(TARG, (STRLEN)UNISKIP(value)+1);
3294 tmps = (char*)uvchr_to_utf8_flags((U8*)SvPVX(TARG), value, 0);
3295 SvCUR_set(TARG, tmps - SvPVX_const(TARG));
3297 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
3306 *tmps++ = (char)value;
3308 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
3309 if (PL_encoding && !IN_BYTES) {
3310 sv_recode_to_utf8(TARG, PL_encoding);
3312 if (SvCUR(TARG) == 0 || !is_utf8_string((U8*)tmps, SvCUR(TARG)) ||
3313 memEQ(tmps, "\xef\xbf\xbd\0", 4)) {
3317 *tmps++ = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(value);
3318 *tmps++ = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(value);
3333 const char *tmps = SvPV_const(left, len);
3335 if (DO_UTF8(left)) {
3336 /* If Unicode, try to downgrade.
3337 * If not possible, croak.
3338 * Yes, we made this up. */
3339 SV* const tsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(left));
3342 sv_utf8_downgrade(tsv, FALSE);
3343 tmps = SvPV_const(tsv, len);
3345 # ifdef USE_ITHREADS
3347 if (!PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer) {
3348 /* This should be threadsafe because in ithreads there is only
3349 * one thread per interpreter. If this would not be true,
3350 * we would need a mutex to protect this malloc. */
3351 PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer =
3352 (struct crypt_data *)safemalloc(sizeof(struct crypt_data));
3353 #if defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMX__)
3354 if (PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer) {
3355 PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer->initialized = 0;
3356 /* work around glibc-2.2.5 bug */
3357 PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer->current_saltbits = 0;
3361 # endif /* HAS_CRYPT_R */
3362 # endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
3364 sv_setpv(TARG, fcrypt(tmps, SvPV_nolen_const(right)));
3366 sv_setpv(TARG, PerlProc_crypt(tmps, SvPV_nolen_const(right)));
3372 "The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia.");
3383 const int op_type = PL_op->op_type;
3387 (s = (const U8*)SvPV_nomg_const(sv, slen)) && slen &&
3388 UTF8_IS_START(*s)) {
3389 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1];
3393 utf8_to_uvchr(s, &ulen);
3394 if (op_type == OP_UCFIRST) {
3395 toTITLE_utf8(s, tmpbuf, &tculen);
3397 toLOWER_utf8(s, tmpbuf, &tculen);
3400 if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || SvREADONLY(sv) || ulen != tculen) {
3402 /* slen is the byte length of the whole SV.
3403 * ulen is the byte length of the original Unicode character
3404 * stored as UTF-8 at s.
3405 * tculen is the byte length of the freshly titlecased (or
3406 * lowercased) Unicode character stored as UTF-8 at tmpbuf.
3407 * We first set the result to be the titlecased (/lowercased)
3408 * character, and then append the rest of the SV data. */
3409 sv_setpvn(TARG, (char*)tmpbuf, tculen);
3411 sv_catpvn(TARG, (char*)(s + ulen), slen - ulen);
3416 s = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(sv, slen);
3417 Copy(tmpbuf, s, tculen, U8);
3422 if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || SvREADONLY(sv)) {
3424 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3425 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, sv);
3429 s1 = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(sv, slen);
3431 if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
3434 *s1 = (op_type == OP_UCFIRST)
3435 ? toUPPER_LC(*s1) : toLOWER_LC(*s1);
3438 *s1 = (op_type == OP_UCFIRST) ? toUPPER(*s1) : toLOWER(*s1);
3459 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
3461 s = (const U8*)SvPV_nomg_const(sv,len);
3463 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3464 sv_setpvn(TARG, "", 0);
3468 STRLEN min = len + 1;
3470 SvUPGRADE(TARG, SVt_PV);
3472 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
3473 d = (U8*)SvPVX(TARG);
3476 STRLEN u = UTF8SKIP(s);
3478 toUPPER_utf8(s, tmpbuf, &ulen);
3479 if (ulen > u && (SvLEN(TARG) < (min += ulen - u))) {
3480 /* If the eventually required minimum size outgrows
3481 * the available space, we need to grow. */
3482 const UV o = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(TARG);
3484 /* If someone uppercases one million U+03B0s we
3485 * SvGROW() one million times. Or we could try
3486 * guessing how much to allocate without allocating
3487 * too much. Such is life. */
3489 d = (U8*)SvPVX(TARG) + o;
3491 Copy(tmpbuf, d, ulen, U8);
3497 SvCUR_set(TARG, d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(TARG));
3503 if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || SvREADONLY(sv)) {
3505 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3506 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, sv);
3510 s = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(sv, len);
3512 register const U8 *send = s + len;
3514 if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
3517 for (; s < send; s++)
3518 *s = toUPPER_LC(*s);
3521 for (; s < send; s++)
3544 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1];
3546 s = (const U8*)SvPV_nomg_const(sv,len);
3548 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3549 sv_setpvn(TARG, "", 0);
3553 STRLEN min = len + 1;
3555 SvUPGRADE(TARG, SVt_PV);
3557 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
3558 d = (U8*)SvPVX(TARG);
3561 const STRLEN u = UTF8SKIP(s);
3562 const UV uv = toLOWER_utf8(s, tmpbuf, &ulen);
3564 #define GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_SIGMA 0x03A3 /* Unicode U+03A3 */
3565 if (uv == GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_SIGMA) {
3567 * Now if the sigma is NOT followed by
3568 * /$ignorable_sequence$cased_letter/;
3569 * and it IS preceded by
3570 * /$cased_letter$ignorable_sequence/;
3571 * where $ignorable_sequence is
3572 * [\x{2010}\x{AD}\p{Mn}]*
3573 * and $cased_letter is
3574 * [\p{Ll}\p{Lo}\p{Lt}]
3575 * then it should be mapped to 0x03C2,
3576 * (GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA),
3577 * instead of staying 0x03A3.
3578 * "should be": in other words,
3579 * this is not implemented yet.
3580 * See lib/unicore/SpecialCasing.txt.
3583 if (ulen > u && (SvLEN(TARG) < (min += ulen - u))) {
3584 /* If the eventually required minimum size outgrows
3585 * the available space, we need to grow. */
3586 const UV o = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(TARG);
3588 /* If someone lowercases one million U+0130s we
3589 * SvGROW() one million times. Or we could try
3590 * guessing how much to allocate without allocating.
3591 * too much. Such is life. */
3593 d = (U8*)SvPVX(TARG) + o;
3595 Copy(tmpbuf, d, ulen, U8);
3601 SvCUR_set(TARG, d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(TARG));
3607 if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || SvREADONLY(sv)) {
3609 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3610 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, sv);
3615 s = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(sv, len);
3617 register const U8 * const send = s + len;
3619 if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
3622 for (; s < send; s++)
3623 *s = toLOWER_LC(*s);
3626 for (; s < send; s++)
3638 SV * const sv = TOPs;
3640 register const char *s = SvPV_const(sv,len);
3642 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3645 SvUPGRADE(TARG, SVt_PV);
3646 SvGROW(TARG, (len * 2) + 1);
3650 if (UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)) {
3651 STRLEN ulen = UTF8SKIP(s);
3675 SvCUR_set(TARG, d - SvPVX_const(TARG));
3676 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(TARG);
3679 sv_setpvn(TARG, s, len);
3681 if (SvSMAGICAL(TARG))
3690 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
3691 register AV* const av = (AV*)POPs;
3692 register const I32 lval = (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET);
3694 if (SvTYPE(av) == SVt_PVAV) {
3695 const I32 arybase = PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
3696 if (lval && PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
3699 for (svp = MARK + 1; svp <= SP; svp++) {
3700 const I32 elem = SvIVx(*svp);
3704 if (max > AvMAX(av))
3707 while (++MARK <= SP) {
3709 I32 elem = SvIVx(*MARK);
3713 svp = av_fetch(av, elem, lval);
3715 if (!svp || *svp == &PL_sv_undef)
3716 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_aelem, elem);
3717 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
3718 save_aelem(av, elem, svp);
3720 *MARK = svp ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef;
3723 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
3725 *++MARK = SP > ORIGMARK ? *SP : &PL_sv_undef;
3731 /* Associative arrays. */
3737 HV * const hash = (HV*)POPs;
3739 const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
3742 /* might clobber stack_sp */
3743 entry = hv_iternext(hash);
3748 SV* const sv = hv_iterkeysv(entry);
3749 PUSHs(sv); /* won't clobber stack_sp */
3750 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
3753 /* might clobber stack_sp */
3754 val = hv_iterval(hash, entry);
3759 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR)
3769 const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
3770 const I32 discard = (gimme == G_VOID) ? G_DISCARD : 0;
3772 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpSLICE) {
3774 HV * const hv = (HV*)POPs;
3775 const U32 hvtype = SvTYPE(hv);
3776 if (hvtype == SVt_PVHV) { /* hash element */
3777 while (++MARK <= SP) {
3778 SV * const sv = hv_delete_ent(hv, *MARK, discard, 0);
3779 *MARK = sv ? sv : &PL_sv_undef;
3782 else if (hvtype == SVt_PVAV) { /* array element */
3783 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
3784 while (++MARK <= SP) {
3785 SV * const sv = av_delete((AV*)hv, SvIV(*MARK), discard);
3786 *MARK = sv ? sv : &PL_sv_undef;
3791 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a HASH reference");
3794 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
3799 *++MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
3805 HV * const hv = (HV*)POPs;
3807 if (SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV)
3808 sv = hv_delete_ent(hv, keysv, discard, 0);
3809 else if (SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVAV) {
3810 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
3811 sv = av_delete((AV*)hv, SvIV(keysv), discard);
3813 DIE(aTHX_ "panic: avhv_delete no longer supported");
3816 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a HASH reference");
3832 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpEXISTS_SUB) {
3834 SV * const sv = POPs;
3835 CV * const cv = sv_2cv(sv, &hv, &gv, 0);
3838 if (gv && isGV(gv) && GvCV(gv) && !GvCVGEN(gv))
3844 if (SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
3845 if (hv_exists_ent(hv, tmpsv, 0))
3848 else if (SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVAV) {
3849 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) { /* array element */
3850 if (av_exists((AV*)hv, SvIV(tmpsv)))
3855 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a HASH reference");
3862 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
3863 register HV * const hv = (HV*)POPs;
3864 register const I32 lval = (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET);
3865 const bool localizing = PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO;
3866 bool other_magic = FALSE;
3872 other_magic = mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_env) ||
3873 ((mg = mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_tied))
3874 /* Try to preserve the existenceness of a tied hash
3875 * element by using EXISTS and DELETE if possible.
3876 * Fallback to FETCH and STORE otherwise */
3877 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(SvTIED_obj((SV*)hv, mg))))
3878 && gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, "EXISTS", TRUE)
3879 && gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, "DELETE", TRUE));
3882 while (++MARK <= SP) {
3883 SV * const keysv = *MARK;
3886 bool preeminent = FALSE;
3889 preeminent = SvRMAGICAL(hv) && !other_magic ? 1 :
3890 hv_exists_ent(hv, keysv, 0);
3893 he = hv_fetch_ent(hv, keysv, lval, 0);
3894 svp = he ? &HeVAL(he) : 0;
3897 if (!svp || *svp == &PL_sv_undef) {
3898 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_helem_sv, keysv);
3902 save_helem(hv, keysv, svp);
3905 const char *key = SvPV_const(keysv, keylen);
3906 SAVEDELETE(hv, savepvn(key,keylen), keylen);
3910 *MARK = svp ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef;
3912 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
3914 *++MARK = SP > ORIGMARK ? *SP : &PL_sv_undef;
3920 /* List operators. */
3925 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
3927 *MARK = *SP; /* unwanted list, return last item */
3929 *MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
3939 SV ** const lastrelem = PL_stack_sp;
3940 SV ** const lastlelem = PL_stack_base + POPMARK;
3941 SV ** const firstlelem = PL_stack_base + POPMARK + 1;
3942 register SV ** const firstrelem = lastlelem + 1;
3943 const I32 arybase = PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
3944 I32 is_something_there = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD;
3946 register const I32 max = lastrelem - lastlelem;
3947 register SV **lelem;
3949 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
3950 I32 ix = SvIVx(*lastlelem);
3955 if (ix < 0 || ix >= max)
3956 *firstlelem = &PL_sv_undef;
3958 *firstlelem = firstrelem[ix];
3964 SP = firstlelem - 1;
3968 for (lelem = firstlelem; lelem <= lastlelem; lelem++) {
3969 I32 ix = SvIVx(*lelem);
3974 if (ix < 0 || ix >= max)
3975 *lelem = &PL_sv_undef;
3977 is_something_there = TRUE;
3978 if (!(*lelem = firstrelem[ix]))
3979 *lelem = &PL_sv_undef;
3982 if (is_something_there)
3985 SP = firstlelem - 1;
3991 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
3992 const I32 items = SP - MARK;
3993 SV * const av = sv_2mortal((SV*)av_make(items, MARK+1));
3994 SP = ORIGMARK; /* av_make() might realloc stack_sp */
4001 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
4002 HV* const hv = (HV*)sv_2mortal((SV*)newHV());
4005 SV * const key = *++MARK;
4006 SV * const val = newSV(0);
4008 sv_setsv(val, *++MARK);
4009 else if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
4010 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Odd number of elements in anonymous hash");
4011 (void)hv_store_ent(hv,key,val,0);
4020 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
4021 register AV *ary = (AV*)*++MARK;
4025 register I32 offset;
4026 register I32 length;
4030 SV **tmparyval = NULL;
4031 const MAGIC * const mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
4034 *MARK-- = SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg);
4038 call_method("SPLICE",GIMME_V);
4047 offset = i = SvIVx(*MARK);
4049 offset += AvFILLp(ary) + 1;
4051 offset -= PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
4053 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_aelem, i);
4055 length = SvIVx(*MARK++);
4057 length += AvFILLp(ary) - offset + 1;
4063 length = AvMAX(ary) + 1; /* close enough to infinity */
4067 length = AvMAX(ary) + 1;
4069 if (offset > AvFILLp(ary) + 1) {
4070 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
4071 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "splice() offset past end of array" );
4072 offset = AvFILLp(ary) + 1;
4074 after = AvFILLp(ary) + 1 - (offset + length);
4075 if (after < 0) { /* not that much array */
4076 length += after; /* offset+length now in array */
4082 /* At this point, MARK .. SP-1 is our new LIST */
4085 diff = newlen - length;
4086 if (newlen && !AvREAL(ary) && AvREIFY(ary))
4089 /* make new elements SVs now: avoid problems if they're from the array */
4090 for (dst = MARK, i = newlen; i; i--) {
4091 SV * const h = *dst;
4092 *dst++ = newSVsv(h);
4095 if (diff < 0) { /* shrinking the area */
4097 Newx(tmparyval, newlen, SV*); /* so remember insertion */
4098 Copy(MARK, tmparyval, newlen, SV*);
4101 MARK = ORIGMARK + 1;
4102 if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) { /* copy return vals to stack */
4103 MEXTEND(MARK, length);
4104 Copy(AvARRAY(ary)+offset, MARK, length, SV*);
4106 EXTEND_MORTAL(length);
4107 for (i = length, dst = MARK; i; i--) {
4108 sv_2mortal(*dst); /* free them eventualy */
4115 *MARK = AvARRAY(ary)[offset+length-1];
4118 for (i = length - 1, dst = &AvARRAY(ary)[offset]; i > 0; i--)
4119 SvREFCNT_dec(*dst++); /* free them now */
4122 AvFILLp(ary) += diff;
4124 /* pull up or down? */
4126 if (offset < after) { /* easier to pull up */
4127 if (offset) { /* esp. if nothing to pull */
4128 src = &AvARRAY(ary)[offset-1];
4129 dst = src - diff; /* diff is negative */
4130 for (i = offset; i > 0; i--) /* can't trust Copy */
4134 SvPV_set(ary, (char*)(AvARRAY(ary) - diff)); /* diff is negative */
4138 if (after) { /* anything to pull down? */
4139 src = AvARRAY(ary) + offset + length;
4140 dst = src + diff; /* diff is negative */
4141 Move(src, dst, after, SV*);
4143 dst = &AvARRAY(ary)[AvFILLp(ary)+1];
4144 /* avoid later double free */
4148 dst[--i] = &PL_sv_undef;
4151 Copy( tmparyval, AvARRAY(ary) + offset, newlen, SV* );
4152 Safefree(tmparyval);
4155 else { /* no, expanding (or same) */
4157 Newx(tmparyval, length, SV*); /* so remember deletion */
4158 Copy(AvARRAY(ary)+offset, tmparyval, length, SV*);
4161 if (diff > 0) { /* expanding */
4163 /* push up or down? */
4165 if (offset < after && diff <= AvARRAY(ary) - AvALLOC(ary)) {
4169 Move(src, dst, offset, SV*);
4171 SvPV_set(ary, (char*)(AvARRAY(ary) - diff));/* diff is positive */
4173 AvFILLp(ary) += diff;
4176 if (AvFILLp(ary) + diff >= AvMAX(ary)) /* oh, well */
4177 av_extend(ary, AvFILLp(ary) + diff);
4178 AvFILLp(ary) += diff;
4181 dst = AvARRAY(ary) + AvFILLp(ary);
4183 for (i = after; i; i--) {
4191 Copy( MARK, AvARRAY(ary) + offset, newlen, SV* );
4194 MARK = ORIGMARK + 1;
4195 if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) { /* copy return vals to stack */
4197 Copy(tmparyval, MARK, length, SV*);
4199 EXTEND_MORTAL(length);
4200 for (i = length, dst = MARK; i; i--) {
4201 sv_2mortal(*dst); /* free them eventualy */
4205 Safefree(tmparyval);
4209 else if (length--) {
4210 *MARK = tmparyval[length];
4213 while (length-- > 0)
4214 SvREFCNT_dec(tmparyval[length]);
4216 Safefree(tmparyval);
4219 *MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
4227 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
4228 register AV *ary = (AV*)*++MARK;
4229 const MAGIC * const mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
4232 *MARK-- = SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg);
4236 call_method("PUSH",G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
4240 PUSHi( AvFILL(ary) + 1 );
4243 for (++MARK; MARK <= SP; MARK++) {
4244 SV * const sv = newSV(0);
4246 sv_setsv(sv, *MARK);
4247 av_store(ary, AvFILLp(ary)+1, sv);
4250 PUSHi( AvFILLp(ary) + 1 );
4259 AV * const av = (AV*)POPs;
4260 SV * const sv = av_pop(av);
4262 (void)sv_2mortal(sv);
4271 AV * const av = (AV*)POPs;
4272 SV * const sv = av_shift(av);
4277 (void)sv_2mortal(sv);
4284 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
4285 register AV *ary = (AV*)*++MARK;
4286 const MAGIC * const mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
4289 *MARK-- = SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg);
4293 call_method("UNSHIFT",G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
4299 av_unshift(ary, SP - MARK);
4301 SV * const sv = newSVsv(*++MARK);
4302 (void)av_store(ary, i++, sv);
4306 PUSHi( AvFILL(ary) + 1 );
4313 SV ** const oldsp = SP;
4315 if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) {
4318 register SV * const tmp = *MARK;
4322 /* safe as long as stack cannot get extended in the above */
4327 register char *down;
4333 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
4335 do_join(TARG, &PL_sv_no, MARK, SP);
4337 sv_setsv(TARG, (SP > MARK)
4339 : (padoff_du = find_rundefsvoffset(),
4340 (padoff_du == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS(padoff_du) & SVpad_OUR)
4341 ? DEFSV : PAD_SVl(padoff_du)));
4342 up = SvPV_force(TARG, len);
4344 if (DO_UTF8(TARG)) { /* first reverse each character */
4345 U8* s = (U8*)SvPVX(TARG);
4346 const U8* send = (U8*)(s + len);
4348 if (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(*s)) {
4353 if (!utf8_to_uvchr(s, 0))
4357 down = (char*)(s - 1);
4358 /* reverse this character */
4362 *down-- = (char)tmp;
4368 down = SvPVX(TARG) + len - 1;
4372 *down-- = (char)tmp;
4374 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(TARG);
4386 register IV limit = POPi; /* note, negative is forever */
4387 SV * const sv = POPs;
4389 register const char *s = SvPV_const(sv, len);
4390 const bool do_utf8 = DO_UTF8(sv);
4391 const char *strend = s + len;
4393 register REGEXP *rx;
4395 register const char *m;
4397 const STRLEN slen = do_utf8 ? utf8_length((U8*)s, (U8*)strend) : (strend - s);
4398 I32 maxiters = slen + 10;
4400 const I32 origlimit = limit;
4403 const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
4404 const I32 oldsave = PL_savestack_ix;
4405 I32 make_mortal = 1;
4407 MAGIC *mg = (MAGIC *) NULL;
4410 Copy(&LvTARGOFF(POPs), &pm, 1, PMOP*);
4415 DIE(aTHX_ "panic: pp_split");
4418 TAINT_IF((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_LOCALE) &&
4419 (pm->op_pmflags & (PMf_WHITE | PMf_SKIPWHITE)));
4421 RX_MATCH_UTF8_set(rx, do_utf8);
4423 if (pm->op_pmreplroot) {
4425 ary = GvAVn((GV*)PAD_SVl(INT2PTR(PADOFFSET, pm->op_pmreplroot)));
4427 ary = GvAVn((GV*)pm->op_pmreplroot);
4430 else if (gimme != G_ARRAY)
4431 ary = GvAVn(PL_defgv);
4434 if (ary && (gimme != G_ARRAY || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE))) {
4440 if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
4442 XPUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg));
4449 for (i = AvFILLp(ary); i >= 0; i--)
4450 AvARRAY(ary)[i] = &PL_sv_undef; /* don't free mere refs */
4452 /* temporarily switch stacks */
4453 SAVESWITCHSTACK(PL_curstack, ary);
4457 base = SP - PL_stack_base;
4459 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_SKIPWHITE) {
4460 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_LOCALE) {
4461 while (isSPACE_LC(*s))
4469 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE) {
4474 limit = maxiters + 2;
4475 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_WHITE) {
4478 while (m < strend &&
4479 !((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_LOCALE)
4480 ? isSPACE_LC(*m) : isSPACE(*m)))
4485 dstr = newSVpvn(s, m-s);
4489 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4493 while (s < strend &&
4494 ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_LOCALE)
4495 ? isSPACE_LC(*s) : isSPACE(*s)))
4499 else if (rx->precomp[0] == '^' && rx->precomp[1] == '\0') {
4501 for (m = s; m < strend && *m != '\n'; m++)
4506 dstr = newSVpvn(s, m-s);
4510 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4515 else if (do_utf8 == ((rx->reganch & ROPT_UTF8) != 0) &&
4516 (rx->reganch & RE_USE_INTUIT) && !rx->nparens
4517 && (rx->reganch & ROPT_CHECK_ALL)
4518 && !(rx->reganch & ROPT_ANCH)) {
4519 const int tail = (rx->reganch & RE_INTUIT_TAIL);
4520 SV * const csv = CALLREG_INTUIT_STRING(aTHX_ rx);
4523 if (len == 1 && !(rx->reganch & ROPT_UTF8) && !tail) {
4524 const char c = *SvPV_nolen_const(csv);
4526 for (m = s; m < strend && *m != c; m++)
4530 dstr = newSVpvn(s, m-s);
4534 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4536 /* The rx->minlen is in characters but we want to step
4537 * s ahead by bytes. */
4539 s = (char*)utf8_hop((U8*)m, len);
4541 s = m + len; /* Fake \n at the end */
4545 while (s < strend && --limit &&
4546 (m = fbm_instr((unsigned char*)s, (unsigned char*)strend,
4547 csv, multiline ? FBMrf_MULTILINE : 0)) )
4549 dstr = newSVpvn(s, m-s);
4553 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4555 /* The rx->minlen is in characters but we want to step
4556 * s ahead by bytes. */
4558 s = (char*)utf8_hop((U8*)m, len);
4560 s = m + len; /* Fake \n at the end */
4565 maxiters += slen * rx->nparens;
4566 while (s < strend && --limit)
4570 rex_return = CALLREGEXEC(aTHX_ rx, (char*)s, (char*)strend, (char*)orig, 1 ,
4573 if (rex_return == 0)
4575 TAINT_IF(RX_MATCH_TAINTED(rx));
4576 if (RX_MATCH_COPIED(rx) && rx->subbeg != orig) {
4581 strend = s + (strend - m);
4583 m = rx->startp[0] + orig;
4584 dstr = newSVpvn(s, m-s);
4588 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4592 for (i = 1; i <= (I32)rx->nparens; i++) {
4593 s = rx->startp[i] + orig;
4594 m = rx->endp[i] + orig;
4596 /* japhy (07/27/01) -- the (m && s) test doesn't catch
4597 parens that didn't match -- they should be set to
4598 undef, not the empty string */
4599 if (m >= orig && s >= orig) {
4600 dstr = newSVpvn(s, m-s);
4603 dstr = &PL_sv_undef; /* undef, not "" */
4607 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4611 s = rx->endp[0] + orig;
4615 iters = (SP - PL_stack_base) - base;
4616 if (iters > maxiters)
4617 DIE(aTHX_ "Split loop");
4619 /* keep field after final delim? */
4620 if (s < strend || (iters && origlimit)) {
4621 const STRLEN l = strend - s;
4622 dstr = newSVpvn(s, l);
4626 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4630 else if (!origlimit) {
4631 while (iters > 0 && (!TOPs || !SvANY(TOPs) || SvCUR(TOPs) == 0)) {
4632 if (TOPs && !make_mortal)
4635 *SP-- = &PL_sv_undef;
4640 LEAVE_SCOPE(oldsave); /* may undo an earlier SWITCHSTACK */
4644 if (SvSMAGICAL(ary)) {
4649 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
4651 Copy(AvARRAY(ary), SP + 1, iters, SV*);
4659 call_method("PUSH",G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
4662 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
4664 /* EXTEND should not be needed - we just popped them */
4666 for (i=0; i < iters; i++) {
4667 SV **svp = av_fetch(ary, i, FALSE);
4668 PUSHs((svp) ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef);
4675 if (gimme == G_ARRAY)
4691 if (SvTYPE(retsv) == SVt_PVAV || SvTYPE(retsv) == SVt_PVHV
4692 || SvTYPE(retsv) == SVt_PVCV) {
4693 retsv = refto(retsv);
4700 PP(unimplemented_op)
4703 DIE(aTHX_ "panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called", OP_NAME(PL_op),
4709 * c-indentation-style: bsd
4711 * indent-tabs-mode: t
4714 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet: