3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * "It's a big house this, and very peculiar. Always a bit more to discover,
13 * and no knowing what you'll find around a corner. And Elves, sir!" --Samwise
16 /* This file contains general pp ("push/pop") functions that execute the
17 * opcodes that make up a perl program. A typical pp function expects to
18 * find its arguments on the stack, and usually pushes its results onto
19 * the stack, hence the 'pp' terminology. Each OP structure contains
20 * a pointer to the relevant pp_foo() function.
30 /* XXX I can't imagine anyone who doesn't have this actually _needs_
31 it, since pid_t is an integral type.
34 #ifdef NEED_GETPID_PROTO
35 extern Pid_t getpid (void);
39 * Some BSDs and Cygwin default to POSIX math instead of IEEE.
40 * This switches them over to IEEE.
42 #if defined(LIBM_LIB_VERSION)
43 _LIB_VERSION_TYPE _LIB_VERSION = _IEEE_;
46 /* variations on pp_null */
52 if (GIMME_V == G_SCALAR)
63 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
64 SAVECLEARSV(PAD_SVl(PL_op->op_targ));
66 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF) {
70 if (GIMME == G_SCALAR)
71 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't return array to lvalue scalar context");
76 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
77 const I32 maxarg = AvFILL((AV*)TARG) + 1;
79 if (SvMAGICAL(TARG)) {
81 for (i=0; i < (U32)maxarg; i++) {
82 SV * const * const svp = av_fetch((AV*)TARG, i, FALSE);
83 SP[i+1] = (svp) ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef;
87 Copy(AvARRAY((AV*)TARG), SP+1, maxarg, SV*);
91 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
92 SV* const sv = sv_newmortal();
93 const I32 maxarg = AvFILL((AV*)TARG) + 1;
106 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
107 SAVECLEARSV(PAD_SVl(PL_op->op_targ));
108 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF)
111 if (GIMME == G_SCALAR)
112 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't return hash to lvalue scalar context");
116 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
119 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
120 SV* const sv = Perl_hv_scalar(aTHX_ (HV*)TARG);
134 tryAMAGICunDEREF(to_gv);
137 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVIO) {
138 GV * const gv = (GV*) sv_newmortal();
139 gv_init(gv, 0, "", 0, 0);
140 GvIOp(gv) = (IO *)sv;
141 (void)SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
144 else if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVGV)
145 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a GLOB reference");
148 if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVGV) {
149 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
154 if (!SvOK(sv) && sv != &PL_sv_undef) {
155 /* If this is a 'my' scalar and flag is set then vivify
159 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
160 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpDEREF) {
162 if (cUNOP->op_targ) {
164 SV * const namesv = PAD_SV(cUNOP->op_targ);
165 const char * const name = SvPV(namesv, len);
167 gv_init(gv, CopSTASH(PL_curcop), name, len, 0);
170 const char * const name = CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop);
173 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_RV)
174 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_RV);
175 if (SvPVX_const(sv)) {
180 SvRV_set(sv, (SV*)gv);
185 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF ||
186 PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS)
187 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, "a symbol");
188 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
192 if ((PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) &&
193 !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD))
195 SV * const temp = (SV*)gv_fetchsv(sv, 0, SVt_PVGV);
197 && (!is_gv_magical_sv(sv,0)
198 || !(sv = (SV*)gv_fetchsv(sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVGV)))) {
204 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS)
205 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_symref_sv, sv, "a symbol");
206 if ((PL_op->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpDONT_INIT_GV))
207 == OPpDONT_INIT_GV) {
208 /* We are the target of a coderef assignment. Return
209 the scalar unchanged, and let pp_sasssign deal with
213 sv = (SV*)gv_fetchsv(sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVGV);
217 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
218 save_gp((GV*)sv, !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
230 tryAMAGICunDEREF(to_sv);
233 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
237 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a SCALAR reference");
243 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
244 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
249 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS) {
251 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_symref_sv, sv, "a SCALAR");
253 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, "a SCALAR");
256 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF)
257 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, "a SCALAR");
258 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
262 if ((PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) &&
263 !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD))
265 gv = (GV*)gv_fetchsv(sv, 0, SVt_PV);
267 && (!is_gv_magical_sv(sv, 0)
268 || !(gv = (GV*)gv_fetchsv(sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PV))))
274 gv = (GV*)gv_fetchsv(sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PV);
279 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD) {
280 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
281 if (cUNOP->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL)
282 sv = save_scalar((GV*)TOPs);
284 sv = save_scalar(gv);
286 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_localize_ref);
288 else if (PL_op->op_private & OPpDEREF)
289 vivify_ref(sv, PL_op->op_private & OPpDEREF);
298 AV * const av = (AV*)TOPs;
299 SV ** const sv = Perl_av_arylen_p(aTHX_ (AV*)av);
302 sv_upgrade(*sv, SVt_PVMG);
303 sv_magic(*sv, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_arylen, NULL, 0);
311 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; dPOPss;
313 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET) {
314 if (SvTYPE(TARG) < SVt_PVLV) {
315 sv_upgrade(TARG, SVt_PVLV);
316 sv_magic(TARG, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_pos, NULL, 0);
320 if (LvTARG(TARG) != sv) {
322 SvREFCNT_dec(LvTARG(TARG));
323 LvTARG(TARG) = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
325 PUSHs(TARG); /* no SvSETMAGIC */
329 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(sv)) {
330 const MAGIC * const mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global);
331 if (mg && mg->mg_len >= 0) {
335 PUSHi(i + PL_curcop->cop_arybase);
348 const I32 flags = (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
350 : ((PL_op->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT)) == OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT)
353 /* We usually try to add a non-existent subroutine in case of AUTOLOAD. */
354 /* (But not in defined().) */
356 CV *cv = sv_2cv(TOPs, &stash, &gv, flags);
359 cv = (CV*)sv_2mortal((SV*)cv_clone(cv));
360 if ((PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)) {
361 if (gv && GvCV(gv) == cv && (gv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(gv), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv), FALSE)))
364 DIE(aTHX_ "Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call");
367 else if ((flags == (GV_ADD|GV_NOEXPAND)) && gv && SvROK(gv)) {
371 cv = (CV*)&PL_sv_undef;
382 SV *ret = &PL_sv_undef;
384 if (SvPOK(TOPs) && SvCUR(TOPs) >= 7) {
385 const char * const s = SvPVX_const(TOPs);
386 if (strnEQ(s, "CORE::", 6)) {
387 const int code = keyword(s + 6, SvCUR(TOPs) - 6);
388 if (code < 0) { /* Overridable. */
389 #define MAX_ARGS_OP ((sizeof(I32) - 1) * 2)
390 int i = 0, n = 0, seen_question = 0;
392 char str[ MAX_ARGS_OP * 2 + 2 ]; /* One ';', one '\0' */
394 if (code == -KEY_chop || code == -KEY_chomp
395 || code == -KEY_exec || code == -KEY_system)
397 while (i < MAXO) { /* The slow way. */
398 if (strEQ(s + 6, PL_op_name[i])
399 || strEQ(s + 6, PL_op_desc[i]))
405 goto nonesuch; /* Should not happen... */
407 oa = PL_opargs[i] >> OASHIFT;
409 if (oa & OA_OPTIONAL && !seen_question) {
413 if ((oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) >= OA_AVREF
414 && (oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) <= OA_SCALARREF
415 /* But globs are already references (kinda) */
416 && (oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) != OA_FILEREF
420 str[n++] = ("?$@@%&*$")[oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)];
424 ret = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(str, n - 1));
426 else if (code) /* Non-Overridable */
428 else { /* None such */
430 DIE(aTHX_ "Can't find an opnumber for \"%s\"", s+6);
434 cv = sv_2cv(TOPs, &stash, &gv, 0);
436 ret = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(SvPVX_const(cv), SvCUR(cv)));
445 CV* cv = (CV*)PAD_SV(PL_op->op_targ);
447 cv = (CV*)sv_2mortal((SV*)cv_clone(cv));
463 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
467 *MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
468 *MARK = refto(*MARK);
472 EXTEND_MORTAL(SP - MARK);
474 *MARK = refto(*MARK);
479 S_refto(pTHX_ SV *sv)
484 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVLV && LvTYPE(sv) == 'y') {
487 if (!(sv = LvTARG(sv)))
490 (void)SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
492 else if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVAV) {
493 if (!AvREAL((AV*)sv) && AvREIFY((AV*)sv))
496 (void)SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
498 else if (SvPADTMP(sv) && !IS_PADGV(sv))
502 (void)SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
505 sv_upgrade(rv, SVt_RV);
515 SV * const sv = POPs;
520 if (!sv || !SvROK(sv))
523 pv = sv_reftype(SvRV(sv),TRUE);
524 PUSHp(pv, strlen(pv));
534 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
536 SV * const ssv = POPs;
540 if (ssv && !SvGMAGICAL(ssv) && !SvAMAGIC(ssv) && SvROK(ssv))
541 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Attempt to bless into a reference");
542 ptr = SvPV_const(ssv,len);
543 if (len == 0 && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
544 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
545 "Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)");
546 stash = gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, TRUE);
549 (void)sv_bless(TOPs, stash);
558 const char * const elem = SvPV_nolen_const(sv);
559 GV * const gv = (GV*)POPs;
564 /* elem will always be NUL terminated. */
565 const char * const second_letter = elem + 1;
568 if (strEQ(second_letter, "RRAY"))
569 tmpRef = (SV*)GvAV(gv);
572 if (strEQ(second_letter, "ODE"))
573 tmpRef = (SV*)GvCVu(gv);
576 if (strEQ(second_letter, "ILEHANDLE")) {
577 /* finally deprecated in 5.8.0 */
578 deprecate("*glob{FILEHANDLE}");
579 tmpRef = (SV*)GvIOp(gv);
582 if (strEQ(second_letter, "ORMAT"))
583 tmpRef = (SV*)GvFORM(gv);
586 if (strEQ(second_letter, "LOB"))
590 if (strEQ(second_letter, "ASH"))
591 tmpRef = (SV*)GvHV(gv);
594 if (*second_letter == 'O' && !elem[2])
595 tmpRef = (SV*)GvIOp(gv);
598 if (strEQ(second_letter, "AME"))
599 sv = newSVpvn(GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv));
602 if (strEQ(second_letter, "ACKAGE")) {
603 const HV * const stash = GvSTASH(gv);
604 const HEK * const hek = stash ? HvNAME_HEK(stash) : NULL;
605 sv = hek ? newSVhek(hek) : newSVpvs("__ANON__");
609 if (strEQ(second_letter, "CALAR"))
624 /* Pattern matching */
629 register unsigned char *s;
632 register I32 *sfirst;
636 if (sv == PL_lastscream) {
642 SvSCREAM_off(PL_lastscream);
643 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_lastscream);
645 PL_lastscream = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
648 s = (unsigned char*)(SvPV(sv, len));
652 if (pos > PL_maxscream) {
653 if (PL_maxscream < 0) {
654 PL_maxscream = pos + 80;
655 Newx(PL_screamfirst, 256, I32);
656 Newx(PL_screamnext, PL_maxscream, I32);
659 PL_maxscream = pos + pos / 4;
660 Renew(PL_screamnext, PL_maxscream, I32);
664 sfirst = PL_screamfirst;
665 snext = PL_screamnext;
667 if (!sfirst || !snext)
668 DIE(aTHX_ "do_study: out of memory");
670 for (ch = 256; ch; --ch)
675 register const I32 ch = s[pos];
677 snext[pos] = sfirst[ch] - pos;
684 /* piggyback on m//g magic */
685 sv_magic(sv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global, NULL, 0);
694 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
696 else if (PL_op->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
702 TARG = sv_newmortal();
707 /* Lvalue operators. */
719 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dTARGET; dORIGMARK;
721 do_chop(TARG, *++MARK);
730 SETi(do_chomp(TOPs));
736 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dTARGET;
737 register I32 count = 0;
740 count += do_chomp(POPs);
750 if (!PL_op->op_private) {
759 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
761 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
771 if (cv_const_sv((CV*)sv) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
772 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Constant subroutine %s undefined",
773 CvANON((CV*)sv) ? "(anonymous)" : GvENAME(CvGV((CV*)sv)));
777 /* let user-undef'd sub keep its identity */
778 GV* const gv = CvGV((CV*)sv);
785 SvSetMagicSV(sv, &PL_sv_undef);
790 GvGP(sv) = gp_ref(gp);
792 GvLINE(sv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
798 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PV && SvPVX_const(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
813 if (SvTYPE(TOPs) >= SVt_PVGV && SvTYPE(TOPs) != SVt_PVLV)
814 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
815 if (!SvREADONLY(TOPs) && SvIOK_notUV(TOPs) && !SvNOK(TOPs) && !SvPOK(TOPs)
816 && SvIVX(TOPs) != IV_MIN)
818 SvIV_set(TOPs, SvIVX(TOPs) - 1);
819 SvFLAGS(TOPs) &= ~(SVp_NOK|SVp_POK);
830 if (SvTYPE(TOPs) >= SVt_PVGV && SvTYPE(TOPs) != SVt_PVLV)
831 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
832 sv_setsv(TARG, TOPs);
833 if (!SvREADONLY(TOPs) && SvIOK_notUV(TOPs) && !SvNOK(TOPs) && !SvPOK(TOPs)
834 && SvIVX(TOPs) != IV_MAX)
836 SvIV_set(TOPs, SvIVX(TOPs) + 1);
837 SvFLAGS(TOPs) &= ~(SVp_NOK|SVp_POK);
842 /* special case for undef: see thread at 2003-03/msg00536.html in archive */
852 if (SvTYPE(TOPs) >= SVt_PVGV && SvTYPE(TOPs) != SVt_PVLV)
853 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
854 sv_setsv(TARG, TOPs);
855 if (!SvREADONLY(TOPs) && SvIOK_notUV(TOPs) && !SvNOK(TOPs) && !SvPOK(TOPs)
856 && SvIVX(TOPs) != IV_MIN)
858 SvIV_set(TOPs, SvIVX(TOPs) - 1);
859 SvFLAGS(TOPs) &= ~(SVp_NOK|SVp_POK);
868 /* Ordinary operators. */
873 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
876 tryAMAGICbin(pow,opASSIGN);
877 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
878 /* For integer to integer power, we do the calculation by hand wherever
879 we're sure it is safe; otherwise we call pow() and try to convert to
880 integer afterwards. */
893 const IV iv = SvIVX(TOPs);
897 goto float_it; /* Can't do negative powers this way. */
901 baseuok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
903 baseuv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
905 const IV iv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
908 baseuok = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
910 baseuv = -iv; /* abs, baseuok == false records sign */
913 /* now we have integer ** positive integer. */
916 /* foo & (foo - 1) is zero only for a power of 2. */
917 if (!(baseuv & (baseuv - 1))) {
918 /* We are raising power-of-2 to a positive integer.
919 The logic here will work for any base (even non-integer
920 bases) but it can be less accurate than
921 pow (base,power) or exp (power * log (base)) when the
922 intermediate values start to spill out of the mantissa.
923 With powers of 2 we know this can't happen.
924 And powers of 2 are the favourite thing for perl
925 programmers to notice ** not doing what they mean. */
927 NV base = baseuok ? baseuv : -(NV)baseuv;
932 while (power >>= 1) {
943 register unsigned int highbit = 8 * sizeof(UV);
944 register unsigned int diff = 8 * sizeof(UV);
947 if (baseuv >> highbit) {
951 /* we now have baseuv < 2 ** highbit */
952 if (power * highbit <= 8 * sizeof(UV)) {
953 /* result will definitely fit in UV, so use UV math
954 on same algorithm as above */
955 register UV result = 1;
956 register UV base = baseuv;
957 const bool odd_power = (bool)(power & 1);
961 while (power >>= 1) {
968 if (baseuok || !odd_power)
969 /* answer is positive */
971 else if (result <= (UV)IV_MAX)
972 /* answer negative, fits in IV */
974 else if (result == (UV)IV_MIN)
975 /* 2's complement assumption: special case IV_MIN */
978 /* answer negative, doesn't fit */
990 SETn( Perl_pow( left, right) );
991 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1001 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(mult,opASSIGN);
1002 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1005 /* Unless the left argument is integer in range we are going to have to
1006 use NV maths. Hence only attempt to coerce the right argument if
1007 we know the left is integer. */
1008 /* Left operand is defined, so is it IV? */
1009 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1010 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1011 bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1012 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1013 const UV topmask = (~ (UV)0) << (4 * sizeof (UV));
1014 const UV botmask = ~((~ (UV)0) << (4 * sizeof (UV)));
1021 alow = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1023 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1026 auvok = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1028 alow = -aiv; /* abs, auvok == false records sign */
1034 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1037 buvok = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1039 blow = -biv; /* abs, buvok == false records sign */
1043 /* If this does sign extension on unsigned it's time for plan B */
1044 ahigh = alow >> (4 * sizeof (UV));
1046 bhigh = blow >> (4 * sizeof (UV));
1048 if (ahigh && bhigh) {
1049 /* eg 32 bit is at least 0x10000 * 0x10000 == 0x100000000
1050 which is overflow. Drop to NVs below. */
1051 } else if (!ahigh && !bhigh) {
1052 /* eg 32 bit is at most 0xFFFF * 0xFFFF == 0xFFFE0001
1053 so the unsigned multiply cannot overflow. */
1054 const UV product = alow * blow;
1055 if (auvok == buvok) {
1056 /* -ve * -ve or +ve * +ve gives a +ve result. */
1060 } else if (product <= (UV)IV_MIN) {
1061 /* 2s complement assumption that (UV)-IV_MIN is correct. */
1062 /* -ve result, which could overflow an IV */
1064 SETi( -(IV)product );
1066 } /* else drop to NVs below. */
1068 /* One operand is large, 1 small */
1071 /* swap the operands */
1073 bhigh = blow; /* bhigh now the temp var for the swap */
1077 /* now, ((ahigh * blow) << half_UV_len) + (alow * blow)
1078 multiplies can't overflow. shift can, add can, -ve can. */
1079 product_middle = ahigh * blow;
1080 if (!(product_middle & topmask)) {
1081 /* OK, (ahigh * blow) won't lose bits when we shift it. */
1083 product_middle <<= (4 * sizeof (UV));
1084 product_low = alow * blow;
1086 /* as for pp_add, UV + something mustn't get smaller.
1087 IIRC ANSI mandates this wrapping *behaviour* for
1088 unsigned whatever the actual representation*/
1089 product_low += product_middle;
1090 if (product_low >= product_middle) {
1091 /* didn't overflow */
1092 if (auvok == buvok) {
1093 /* -ve * -ve or +ve * +ve gives a +ve result. */
1095 SETu( product_low );
1097 } else if (product_low <= (UV)IV_MIN) {
1098 /* 2s complement assumption again */
1099 /* -ve result, which could overflow an IV */
1101 SETi( -(IV)product_low );
1103 } /* else drop to NVs below. */
1105 } /* product_middle too large */
1106 } /* ahigh && bhigh */
1107 } /* SvIOK(TOPm1s) */
1112 SETn( left * right );
1119 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(div,opASSIGN);
1120 /* Only try to do UV divide first
1121 if ((SLOPPYDIVIDE is true) or
1122 (PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV is true and one or both SV is a UV too large
1124 The assumption is that it is better to use floating point divide
1125 whenever possible, only doing integer divide first if we can't be sure.
1126 If NV_PRESERVES_UV is true then we know at compile time that no UV
1127 can be too large to preserve, so don't need to compile the code to
1128 test the size of UVs. */
1131 # define PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
1132 /* ensure that 20./5. == 4. */
1134 # ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1135 # ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1136 # define PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
1141 #ifdef PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
1144 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1145 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1146 bool left_non_neg = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1147 bool right_non_neg = SvUOK(TOPs);
1151 if (right_non_neg) {
1152 right = SvUVX(TOPs);
1155 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1158 right_non_neg = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1164 /* historically undef()/0 gives a "Use of uninitialized value"
1165 warning before dieing, hence this test goes here.
1166 If it were immediately before the second SvIV_please, then
1167 DIE() would be invoked before left was even inspected, so
1168 no inpsection would give no warning. */
1170 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
1173 left = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1176 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1179 left_non_neg = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1188 /* For sloppy divide we always attempt integer division. */
1190 /* Otherwise we only attempt it if either or both operands
1191 would not be preserved by an NV. If both fit in NVs
1192 we fall through to the NV divide code below. However,
1193 as left >= right to ensure integer result here, we know that
1194 we can skip the test on the right operand - right big
1195 enough not to be preserved can't get here unless left is
1198 && (left > ((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS))
1201 /* Integer division can't overflow, but it can be imprecise. */
1202 const UV result = left / right;
1203 if (result * right == left) {
1204 SP--; /* result is valid */
1205 if (left_non_neg == right_non_neg) {
1206 /* signs identical, result is positive. */
1210 /* 2s complement assumption */
1211 if (result <= (UV)IV_MIN)
1212 SETi( -(IV)result );
1214 /* It's exact but too negative for IV. */
1215 SETn( -(NV)result );
1218 } /* tried integer divide but it was not an integer result */
1219 } /* else (PERL_ABS(result) < 1.0) or (both UVs in range for NV) */
1220 } /* left wasn't SvIOK */
1221 } /* right wasn't SvIOK */
1222 #endif /* PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE */
1226 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
1227 PUSHn( left / right );
1234 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(modulo,opASSIGN);
1238 bool left_neg = FALSE;
1239 bool right_neg = FALSE;
1240 bool use_double = FALSE;
1241 bool dright_valid = FALSE;
1247 right_neg = !SvUOK(TOPs);
1249 right = SvUVX(POPs);
1251 const IV biv = SvIVX(POPs);
1254 right_neg = FALSE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1262 right_neg = dright < 0;
1265 if (dright < UV_MAX_P1) {
1266 right = U_V(dright);
1267 dright_valid = TRUE; /* In case we need to use double below. */
1273 /* At this point use_double is only true if right is out of range for
1274 a UV. In range NV has been rounded down to nearest UV and
1275 use_double false. */
1277 if (!use_double && SvIOK(TOPs)) {
1279 left_neg = !SvUOK(TOPs);
1283 const IV aiv = SvIVX(POPs);
1286 left_neg = FALSE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1295 left_neg = dleft < 0;
1299 /* This should be exactly the 5.6 behaviour - if left and right are
1300 both in range for UV then use U_V() rather than floor. */
1302 if (dleft < UV_MAX_P1) {
1303 /* right was in range, so is dleft, so use UVs not double.
1307 /* left is out of range for UV, right was in range, so promote
1308 right (back) to double. */
1310 /* The +0.5 is used in 5.6 even though it is not strictly
1311 consistent with the implicit +0 floor in the U_V()
1312 inside the #if 1. */
1313 dleft = Perl_floor(dleft + 0.5);
1316 dright = Perl_floor(dright + 0.5);
1326 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
1328 dans = Perl_fmod(dleft, dright);
1329 if ((left_neg != right_neg) && dans)
1330 dans = dright - dans;
1333 sv_setnv(TARG, dans);
1339 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
1342 if ((left_neg != right_neg) && ans)
1345 /* XXX may warn: unary minus operator applied to unsigned type */
1346 /* could change -foo to be (~foo)+1 instead */
1347 if (ans <= ~((UV)IV_MAX)+1)
1348 sv_setiv(TARG, ~ans+1);
1350 sv_setnv(TARG, -(NV)ans);
1353 sv_setuv(TARG, ans);
1362 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(repeat,opASSIGN);
1369 const UV uv = SvUV(sv);
1371 count = IV_MAX; /* The best we can do? */
1375 const IV iv = SvIV(sv);
1382 else if (SvNOKp(sv)) {
1383 const NV nv = SvNV(sv);
1391 if (GIMME == G_ARRAY && PL_op->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) {
1393 static const char oom_list_extend[] = "Out of memory during list extend";
1394 const I32 items = SP - MARK;
1395 const I32 max = items * count;
1397 MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(max, SV*, oom_list_extend);
1398 /* Did the max computation overflow? */
1399 if (items > 0 && max > 0 && (max < items || max < count))
1400 Perl_croak(aTHX_ oom_list_extend);
1405 /* This code was intended to fix 20010809.028:
1408 for (($x =~ /./g) x 2) {
1409 print chop; # "abcdabcd" expected as output.
1412 * but that change (#11635) broke this code:
1414 $x = [("foo")x2]; # only one "foo" ended up in the anonlist.
1416 * I can't think of a better fix that doesn't introduce
1417 * an efficiency hit by copying the SVs. The stack isn't
1418 * refcounted, and mortalisation obviously doesn't
1419 * Do The Right Thing when the stack has more than
1420 * one pointer to the same mortal value.
1424 *SP = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(*SP));
1434 repeatcpy((char*)(MARK + items), (char*)MARK,
1435 items * sizeof(SV*), count - 1);
1438 else if (count <= 0)
1441 else { /* Note: mark already snarfed by pp_list */
1442 SV * const tmpstr = POPs;
1445 static const char oom_string_extend[] =
1446 "Out of memory during string extend";
1448 SvSetSV(TARG, tmpstr);
1449 SvPV_force(TARG, len);
1450 isutf = DO_UTF8(TARG);
1455 const STRLEN max = (UV)count * len;
1456 if (len > ((MEM_SIZE)~0)/count)
1457 Perl_croak(aTHX_ oom_string_extend);
1458 MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(max, char, oom_string_extend);
1459 SvGROW(TARG, max + 1);
1460 repeatcpy(SvPVX(TARG) + len, SvPVX(TARG), len, count - 1);
1461 SvCUR_set(TARG, SvCUR(TARG) * count);
1463 *SvEND(TARG) = '\0';
1466 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(TARG);
1468 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
1470 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) {
1471 /* The parser saw this as a list repeat, and there
1472 are probably several items on the stack. But we're
1473 in scalar context, and there's no pp_list to save us
1474 now. So drop the rest of the items -- robin@kitsite.com
1487 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; bool useleft; tryAMAGICbin(subtr,opASSIGN);
1488 useleft = USE_LEFT(TOPm1s);
1489 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1490 /* See comments in pp_add (in pp_hot.c) about Overflow, and how
1491 "bad things" happen if you rely on signed integers wrapping. */
1494 /* Unless the left argument is integer in range we are going to have to
1495 use NV maths. Hence only attempt to coerce the right argument if
1496 we know the left is integer. */
1497 register UV auv = 0;
1503 a_valid = auvok = 1;
1504 /* left operand is undef, treat as zero. */
1506 /* Left operand is defined, so is it IV? */
1507 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1508 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1509 if ((auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s)))
1510 auv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1512 register const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1515 auvok = 1; /* Now acting as a sign flag. */
1516 } else { /* 2s complement assumption for IV_MIN */
1524 bool result_good = 0;
1527 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1532 register const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1539 /* ?uvok if value is >= 0. basically, flagged as UV if it's +ve,
1540 else "IV" now, independent of how it came in.
1541 if a, b represents positive, A, B negative, a maps to -A etc
1546 all UV maths. negate result if A negative.
1547 subtract if signs same, add if signs differ. */
1549 if (auvok ^ buvok) {
1558 /* Must get smaller */
1563 if (result <= buv) {
1564 /* result really should be -(auv-buv). as its negation
1565 of true value, need to swap our result flag */
1577 if (result <= (UV)IV_MIN)
1578 SETi( -(IV)result );
1580 /* result valid, but out of range for IV. */
1581 SETn( -(NV)result );
1585 } /* Overflow, drop through to NVs. */
1589 useleft = USE_LEFT(TOPm1s);
1593 /* left operand is undef, treat as zero - value */
1597 SETn( TOPn - value );
1604 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(lshift,opASSIGN);
1606 const IV shift = POPi;
1607 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
1621 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(rshift,opASSIGN);
1623 const IV shift = POPi;
1624 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
1638 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(lt,0);
1639 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1642 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1643 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1644 bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1645 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1647 if (!auvok && !buvok) { /* ## IV < IV ## */
1648 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1649 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1652 SETs(boolSV(aiv < biv));
1655 if (auvok && buvok) { /* ## UV < UV ## */
1656 const UV auv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1657 const UV buv = SvUVX(TOPs);
1660 SETs(boolSV(auv < buv));
1663 if (auvok) { /* ## UV < IV ## */
1665 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1668 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so it cannot be < */
1673 SETs(boolSV(auv < (UV)biv));
1676 { /* ## IV < UV ## */
1677 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1681 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so it must be < */
1688 SETs(boolSV((UV)aiv < buv));
1694 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1695 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1698 if (SvROK(TOPs) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPm1s)) {
1700 SETs(boolSV(SvRV(TOPs) < SvRV(TOPp1s)));
1706 SETs(boolSV(TOPn < value));
1713 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(gt,0);
1714 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1717 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1718 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1719 bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1720 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1722 if (!auvok && !buvok) { /* ## IV > IV ## */
1723 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1724 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1727 SETs(boolSV(aiv > biv));
1730 if (auvok && buvok) { /* ## UV > UV ## */
1731 const UV auv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1732 const UV buv = SvUVX(TOPs);
1735 SETs(boolSV(auv > buv));
1738 if (auvok) { /* ## UV > IV ## */
1740 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1744 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so it must be > */
1749 SETs(boolSV(auv > (UV)biv));
1752 { /* ## IV > UV ## */
1753 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1757 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so it cannot be > */
1764 SETs(boolSV((UV)aiv > buv));
1770 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1771 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1774 if (SvROK(TOPs) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPm1s)) {
1776 SETs(boolSV(SvRV(TOPs) > SvRV(TOPp1s)));
1782 SETs(boolSV(TOPn > value));
1789 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(le,0);
1790 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1793 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1794 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1795 bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1796 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1798 if (!auvok && !buvok) { /* ## IV <= IV ## */
1799 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1800 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1803 SETs(boolSV(aiv <= biv));
1806 if (auvok && buvok) { /* ## UV <= UV ## */
1807 UV auv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1808 UV buv = SvUVX(TOPs);
1811 SETs(boolSV(auv <= buv));
1814 if (auvok) { /* ## UV <= IV ## */
1816 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1820 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so a cannot be <= */
1825 SETs(boolSV(auv <= (UV)biv));
1828 { /* ## IV <= UV ## */
1829 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1833 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so a must be <= */
1840 SETs(boolSV((UV)aiv <= buv));
1846 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1847 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1850 if (SvROK(TOPs) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPm1s)) {
1852 SETs(boolSV(SvRV(TOPs) <= SvRV(TOPp1s)));
1858 SETs(boolSV(TOPn <= value));
1865 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(ge,0);
1866 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1869 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1870 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1871 bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1872 bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1874 if (!auvok && !buvok) { /* ## IV >= IV ## */
1875 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1876 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1879 SETs(boolSV(aiv >= biv));
1882 if (auvok && buvok) { /* ## UV >= UV ## */
1883 const UV auv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
1884 const UV buv = SvUVX(TOPs);
1887 SETs(boolSV(auv >= buv));
1890 if (auvok) { /* ## UV >= IV ## */
1892 const IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
1896 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so it must be >= */
1901 SETs(boolSV(auv >= (UV)biv));
1904 { /* ## IV >= UV ## */
1905 const IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
1909 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so a cannot be >= */
1916 SETs(boolSV((UV)aiv >= buv));
1922 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1923 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1926 if (SvROK(TOPs) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPm1s)) {
1928 SETs(boolSV(SvRV(TOPs) >= SvRV(TOPp1s)));
1934 SETs(boolSV(TOPn >= value));
1941 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(ne,0);
1942 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1943 if (SvROK(TOPs) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPm1s)) {
1945 SETs(boolSV(SvRV(TOPs) != SvRV(TOPp1s)));
1949 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1952 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
1953 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
1954 const bool auvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
1955 const bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
1957 if (auvok == buvok) { /* ## IV == IV or UV == UV ## */
1958 /* Casting IV to UV before comparison isn't going to matter
1959 on 2s complement. On 1s complement or sign&magnitude
1960 (if we have any of them) it could make negative zero
1961 differ from normal zero. As I understand it. (Need to
1962 check - is negative zero implementation defined behaviour
1964 const UV buv = SvUVX(POPs);
1965 const UV auv = SvUVX(TOPs);
1967 SETs(boolSV(auv != buv));
1970 { /* ## Mixed IV,UV ## */
1974 /* != is commutative so swap if needed (save code) */
1976 /* swap. top of stack (b) is the iv */
1980 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >0, so it cannot be == */
1989 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >0, so it cannot be == */
1993 uv = SvUVX(*(SP+1)); /* Do I want TOPp1s() ? */
1995 SETs(boolSV((UV)iv != uv));
2003 SETs(boolSV(TOPn != value));
2010 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICbin(ncmp,0);
2011 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2012 if (SvROK(TOPs) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s) && !SvAMAGIC(TOPm1s)) {
2013 const UV right = PTR2UV(SvRV(POPs));
2014 const UV left = PTR2UV(SvRV(TOPs));
2015 SETi((left > right) - (left < right));
2019 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
2020 /* Fortunately it seems NaN isn't IOK */
2023 SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
2024 if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
2025 const bool leftuvok = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
2026 const bool rightuvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
2028 if (!leftuvok && !rightuvok) { /* ## IV <=> IV ## */
2029 const IV leftiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
2030 const IV rightiv = SvIVX(TOPs);
2032 if (leftiv > rightiv)
2034 else if (leftiv < rightiv)
2038 } else if (leftuvok && rightuvok) { /* ## UV <=> UV ## */
2039 const UV leftuv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
2040 const UV rightuv = SvUVX(TOPs);
2042 if (leftuv > rightuv)
2044 else if (leftuv < rightuv)
2048 } else if (leftuvok) { /* ## UV <=> IV ## */
2049 const IV rightiv = SvIVX(TOPs);
2051 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so it cannot be < */
2054 const UV leftuv = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
2055 if (leftuv > (UV)rightiv) {
2057 } else if (leftuv < (UV)rightiv) {
2063 } else { /* ## IV <=> UV ## */
2064 const IV leftiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
2066 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so it must be < */
2069 const UV rightuv = SvUVX(TOPs);
2070 if ((UV)leftiv > rightuv) {
2072 } else if ((UV)leftiv < rightuv) {
2090 if (Perl_isnan(left) || Perl_isnan(right)) {
2094 value = (left > right) - (left < right);
2098 else if (left < right)
2100 else if (left > right)
2116 int amg_type = sle_amg;
2120 switch (PL_op->op_type) {
2139 tryAMAGICbinSET_var(amg_type,0);
2142 const int cmp = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
2143 ? sv_cmp_locale(left, right)
2144 : sv_cmp(left, right));
2145 SETs(boolSV(cmp * multiplier < rhs));
2152 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(seq,0);
2155 SETs(boolSV(sv_eq(left, right)));
2162 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(sne,0);
2165 SETs(boolSV(!sv_eq(left, right)));
2172 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICbin(scmp,0);
2175 const int cmp = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
2176 ? sv_cmp_locale(left, right)
2177 : sv_cmp(left, right));
2185 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(band,opASSIGN);
2190 if (SvNIOKp(left) || SvNIOKp(right)) {
2191 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2192 const IV i = SvIV_nomg(left) & SvIV_nomg(right);
2196 const UV u = SvUV_nomg(left) & SvUV_nomg(right);
2201 do_vop(PL_op->op_type, TARG, left, right);
2210 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(bxor,opASSIGN);
2215 if (SvNIOKp(left) || SvNIOKp(right)) {
2216 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2217 const IV i = (USE_LEFT(left) ? SvIV_nomg(left) : 0) ^ SvIV_nomg(right);
2221 const UV u = (USE_LEFT(left) ? SvUV_nomg(left) : 0) ^ SvUV_nomg(right);
2226 do_vop(PL_op->op_type, TARG, left, right);
2235 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(bor,opASSIGN);
2240 if (SvNIOKp(left) || SvNIOKp(right)) {
2241 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2242 const IV i = (USE_LEFT(left) ? SvIV_nomg(left) : 0) | SvIV_nomg(right);
2246 const UV u = (USE_LEFT(left) ? SvUV_nomg(left) : 0) | SvUV_nomg(right);
2251 do_vop(PL_op->op_type, TARG, left, right);
2260 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(neg);
2263 const int flags = SvFLAGS(sv);
2265 if ((flags & SVf_IOK) || ((flags & (SVp_IOK | SVp_NOK)) == SVp_IOK)) {
2266 /* It's publicly an integer, or privately an integer-not-float */
2269 if (SvIVX(sv) == IV_MIN) {
2270 /* 2s complement assumption. */
2271 SETi(SvIVX(sv)); /* special case: -((UV)IV_MAX+1) == IV_MIN */
2274 else if (SvUVX(sv) <= IV_MAX) {
2279 else if (SvIVX(sv) != IV_MIN) {
2283 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
2292 else if (SvPOKp(sv)) {
2294 const char * const s = SvPV_const(sv, len);
2295 if (isIDFIRST(*s)) {
2296 sv_setpvn(TARG, "-", 1);
2299 else if (*s == '+' || *s == '-') {
2301 *SvPV_force(TARG, len) = *s == '-' ? '+' : '-';
2303 else if (DO_UTF8(sv)) {
2306 goto oops_its_an_int;
2308 sv_setnv(TARG, -SvNV(sv));
2310 sv_setpvn(TARG, "-", 1);
2317 goto oops_its_an_int;
2318 sv_setnv(TARG, -SvNV(sv));
2330 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICunSET(not);
2331 *PL_stack_sp = boolSV(!SvTRUE(*PL_stack_sp));
2337 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(compl);
2342 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2343 const IV i = ~SvIV_nomg(sv);
2347 const UV u = ~SvUV_nomg(sv);
2356 (void)SvPV_nomg_const(sv,len); /* force check for uninit var */
2357 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, sv);
2358 tmps = (U8*)SvPV_force(TARG, len);
2361 /* Calculate exact length, let's not estimate. */
2370 while (tmps < send) {
2371 const UV c = utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, send-tmps, &l, UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV);
2372 tmps += UTF8SKIP(tmps);
2373 targlen += UNISKIP(~c);
2379 /* Now rewind strings and write them. */
2383 Newxz(result, targlen + 1, U8);
2384 while (tmps < send) {
2385 const UV c = utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, send-tmps, &l, UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV);
2386 tmps += UTF8SKIP(tmps);
2387 result = uvchr_to_utf8_flags(result, ~c, UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY);
2391 sv_setpvn(TARG, (char*)result, targlen);
2395 Newxz(result, nchar + 1, U8);
2396 while (tmps < send) {
2397 const U8 c = (U8)utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, 0, &l, UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
2398 tmps += UTF8SKIP(tmps);
2403 sv_setpvn(TARG, (char*)result, nchar);
2412 register long *tmpl;
2413 for ( ; anum && (unsigned long)tmps % sizeof(long); anum--, tmps++)
2416 for ( ; anum >= sizeof(long); anum -= sizeof(long), tmpl++)
2421 for ( ; anum > 0; anum--, tmps++)
2430 /* integer versions of some of the above */
2434 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(mult,opASSIGN);
2437 SETi( left * right );
2444 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(div,opASSIGN);
2448 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
2449 value = POPi / value;
2458 /* This is the vanilla old i_modulo. */
2459 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(modulo,opASSIGN);
2463 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
2464 SETi( left % right );
2469 #if defined(__GLIBC__) && IVSIZE == 8
2473 /* This is the i_modulo with the workaround for the _moddi3 bug
2474 * in (at least) glibc 2.2.5 (the PERL_ABS() the workaround).
2475 * See below for pp_i_modulo. */
2476 dVAR; dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(modulo,opASSIGN);
2480 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
2481 SETi( left % PERL_ABS(right) );
2489 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(modulo,opASSIGN);
2493 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
2494 /* The assumption is to use hereafter the old vanilla version... */
2496 PL_ppaddr[OP_I_MODULO] =
2498 /* .. but if we have glibc, we might have a buggy _moddi3
2499 * (at least glicb 2.2.5 is known to have this bug), in other
2500 * words our integer modulus with negative quad as the second
2501 * argument might be broken. Test for this and re-patch the
2502 * opcode dispatch table if that is the case, remembering to
2503 * also apply the workaround so that this first round works
2504 * right, too. See [perl #9402] for more information. */
2505 #if defined(__GLIBC__) && IVSIZE == 8
2509 /* Cannot do this check with inlined IV constants since
2510 * that seems to work correctly even with the buggy glibc. */
2512 /* Yikes, we have the bug.
2513 * Patch in the workaround version. */
2515 PL_ppaddr[OP_I_MODULO] =
2516 &Perl_pp_i_modulo_1;
2517 /* Make certain we work right this time, too. */
2518 right = PERL_ABS(right);
2522 SETi( left % right );
2529 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(add,opASSIGN);
2532 SETi( left + right );
2539 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(subtr,opASSIGN);
2542 SETi( left - right );
2549 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(lt,0);
2552 SETs(boolSV(left < right));
2559 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(gt,0);
2562 SETs(boolSV(left > right));
2569 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(le,0);
2572 SETs(boolSV(left <= right));
2579 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(ge,0);
2582 SETs(boolSV(left >= right));
2589 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(eq,0);
2592 SETs(boolSV(left == right));
2599 dVAR; dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(ne,0);
2602 SETs(boolSV(left != right));
2609 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICbin(ncmp,0);
2616 else if (left < right)
2627 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(neg);
2632 /* High falutin' math. */
2636 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICbin(atan2,0);
2639 SETn(Perl_atan2(left, right));
2647 int amg_type = sin_amg;
2648 const char *neg_report = NULL;
2649 NV (*func)(NV) = &Perl_sin;
2650 const int op_type = PL_op->op_type;
2667 amg_type = sqrt_amg;
2669 neg_report = "sqrt";
2673 tryAMAGICun_var(amg_type);
2675 const NV value = POPn;
2677 if (op_type == OP_LOG ? (value <= 0.0) : (value < 0.0)) {
2678 SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD();
2679 DIE(aTHX_ "Can't take %s of %"NVgf, neg_report, value);
2682 XPUSHn(func(value));
2687 /* Support Configure command-line overrides for rand() functions.
2688 After 5.005, perhaps we should replace this by Configure support
2689 for drand48(), random(), or rand(). For 5.005, though, maintain
2690 compatibility by calling rand() but allow the user to override it.
2691 See INSTALL for details. --Andy Dougherty 15 July 1998
2693 /* Now it's after 5.005, and Configure supports drand48() and random(),
2694 in addition to rand(). So the overrides should not be needed any more.
2695 --Jarkko Hietaniemi 27 September 1998
2698 #ifndef HAS_DRAND48_PROTO
2699 extern double drand48 (void);
2712 if (!PL_srand_called) {
2713 (void)seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)seed());
2714 PL_srand_called = TRUE;
2724 const UV anum = (MAXARG < 1) ? seed() : POPu;
2725 (void)seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)anum);
2726 PL_srand_called = TRUE;
2733 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(int);
2735 const IV iv = TOPi; /* attempt to convert to IV if possible. */
2736 /* XXX it's arguable that compiler casting to IV might be subtly
2737 different from modf (for numbers inside (IV_MIN,UV_MAX)) in which
2738 else preferring IV has introduced a subtle behaviour change bug. OTOH
2739 relying on floating point to be accurate is a bug. */
2743 else if (SvIOK(TOPs)) {
2750 const NV value = TOPn;
2752 if (value < (NV)UV_MAX + 0.5) {
2755 SETn(Perl_floor(value));
2759 if (value > (NV)IV_MIN - 0.5) {
2762 SETn(Perl_ceil(value));
2772 dVAR; dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICun(abs);
2774 /* This will cache the NV value if string isn't actually integer */
2779 else if (SvIOK(TOPs)) {
2780 /* IVX is precise */
2782 SETu(TOPu); /* force it to be numeric only */
2790 /* 2s complement assumption. Also, not really needed as
2791 IV_MIN and -IV_MIN should both be %100...00 and NV-able */
2797 const NV value = TOPn;
2811 I32 flags = PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES;
2815 SV* const sv = POPs;
2817 tmps = (SvPV_const(sv, len));
2819 /* If Unicode, try to downgrade
2820 * If not possible, croak. */
2821 SV* const tsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(sv));
2824 sv_utf8_downgrade(tsv, FALSE);
2825 tmps = SvPV_const(tsv, len);
2827 if (PL_op->op_type == OP_HEX)
2830 while (*tmps && len && isSPACE(*tmps))
2836 result_uv = grok_hex (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2838 else if (*tmps == 'b')
2839 result_uv = grok_bin (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2841 result_uv = grok_oct (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2843 if (flags & PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX) {
2857 SV * const sv = TOPs;
2860 SETi(sv_len_utf8(sv));
2876 const I32 lvalue = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET;
2878 const I32 arybase = PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
2880 const char *repl = NULL;
2882 const int num_args = PL_op->op_private & 7;
2883 bool repl_need_utf8_upgrade = FALSE;
2884 bool repl_is_utf8 = FALSE;
2886 SvTAINTED_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
2887 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
2891 repl = SvPV_const(repl_sv, repl_len);
2892 repl_is_utf8 = DO_UTF8(repl_sv) && SvCUR(repl_sv);
2902 sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
2904 else if (DO_UTF8(sv))
2905 repl_need_utf8_upgrade = TRUE;
2907 tmps = SvPV_const(sv, curlen);
2909 utf8_curlen = sv_len_utf8(sv);
2910 if (utf8_curlen == curlen)
2913 curlen = utf8_curlen;
2918 if (pos >= arybase) {
2936 else if (len >= 0) {
2938 if (rem > (I32)curlen)
2953 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "substr outside of string");
2954 if (ckWARN(WARN_SUBSTR))
2955 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SUBSTR), "substr outside of string");
2959 const I32 upos = pos;
2960 const I32 urem = rem;
2962 sv_pos_u2b(sv, &pos, &rem);
2964 /* we either return a PV or an LV. If the TARG hasn't been used
2965 * before, or is of that type, reuse it; otherwise use a mortal
2966 * instead. Note that LVs can have an extended lifetime, so also
2967 * dont reuse if refcount > 1 (bug #20933) */
2968 if (SvTYPE(TARG) > SVt_NULL) {
2969 if ( (SvTYPE(TARG) == SVt_PVLV)
2970 ? (!lvalue || SvREFCNT(TARG) > 1)
2973 TARG = sv_newmortal();
2977 sv_setpvn(TARG, tmps, rem);
2978 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
2979 sv_unmagic(TARG, PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm);
2984 SV* repl_sv_copy = NULL;
2986 if (repl_need_utf8_upgrade) {
2987 repl_sv_copy = newSVsv(repl_sv);
2988 sv_utf8_upgrade(repl_sv_copy);
2989 repl = SvPV_const(repl_sv_copy, repl_len);
2990 repl_is_utf8 = DO_UTF8(repl_sv_copy) && SvCUR(sv);
2992 sv_insert(sv, pos, rem, repl, repl_len);
2996 SvREFCNT_dec(repl_sv_copy);
2998 else if (lvalue) { /* it's an lvalue! */
2999 if (!SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
3001 SvPV_force_nolen(sv);
3002 if (ckWARN(WARN_SUBSTR))
3003 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SUBSTR),
3004 "Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr");
3006 if (SvOK(sv)) /* is it defined ? */
3007 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(sv);
3009 sv_setpvn(sv,"",0); /* avoid lexical reincarnation */
3012 if (SvTYPE(TARG) < SVt_PVLV) {
3013 sv_upgrade(TARG, SVt_PVLV);
3014 sv_magic(TARG, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_substr, NULL, 0);
3020 if (LvTARG(TARG) != sv) {
3022 SvREFCNT_dec(LvTARG(TARG));
3023 LvTARG(TARG) = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
3025 LvTARGOFF(TARG) = upos;
3026 LvTARGLEN(TARG) = urem;
3030 PUSHs(TARG); /* avoid SvSETMAGIC here */
3037 register const IV size = POPi;
3038 register const IV offset = POPi;
3039 register SV * const src = POPs;
3040 const I32 lvalue = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET;
3042 SvTAINTED_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3043 if (lvalue) { /* it's an lvalue! */
3044 if (SvREFCNT(TARG) > 1) /* don't share the TARG (#20933) */
3045 TARG = sv_newmortal();
3046 if (SvTYPE(TARG) < SVt_PVLV) {
3047 sv_upgrade(TARG, SVt_PVLV);
3048 sv_magic(TARG, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_vec, NULL, 0);
3051 if (LvTARG(TARG) != src) {
3053 SvREFCNT_dec(LvTARG(TARG));
3054 LvTARG(TARG) = SvREFCNT_inc(src);
3056 LvTARGOFF(TARG) = offset;
3057 LvTARGLEN(TARG) = size;
3060 sv_setuv(TARG, do_vecget(src, offset, size));
3077 const I32 arybase = PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
3080 const bool is_index = PL_op->op_type == OP_INDEX;
3083 /* arybase is in characters, like offset, so combine prior to the
3084 UTF-8 to bytes calculation. */
3085 offset = POPi - arybase;
3089 big_utf8 = DO_UTF8(big);
3090 little_utf8 = DO_UTF8(little);
3091 if (big_utf8 ^ little_utf8) {
3092 /* One needs to be upgraded. */
3093 if (little_utf8 && !PL_encoding) {
3094 /* Well, maybe instead we might be able to downgrade the small
3097 const U8 * const little_pv = (U8*) SvPV_const(little, little_len);
3098 char * const pv = (char*)bytes_from_utf8(little_pv, &little_len,
3101 /* If the large string is ISO-8859-1, and it's not possible to
3102 convert the small string to ISO-8859-1, then there is no
3103 way that it could be found anywhere by index. */
3108 /* At this point, pv is a malloc()ed string. So donate it to temp
3109 to ensure it will get free()d */
3110 little = temp = newSV(0);
3111 sv_usepvn(temp, pv, little_len);
3113 SV * const bytes = little_utf8 ? big : little;
3115 const char * const p = SvPV_const(bytes, len);
3117 temp = newSVpvn(p, len);
3120 sv_recode_to_utf8(temp, PL_encoding);
3122 sv_utf8_upgrade(temp);
3132 /* Don't actually need the NULL initialisation, but it keeps gcc quiet. */
3133 tmps2 = is_index ? NULL : SvPV_const(little, llen);
3134 tmps = SvPV_const(big, biglen);
3137 offset = is_index ? 0 : biglen;
3139 if (big_utf8 && offset > 0)
3140 sv_pos_u2b(big, &offset, 0);
3145 else if (offset > (I32)biglen)
3147 if (!(tmps2 = is_index
3148 ? fbm_instr((unsigned char*)tmps + offset,
3149 (unsigned char*)tmps + biglen, little, 0)
3150 : rninstr(tmps, tmps + offset,
3151 tmps2, tmps2 + llen)))
3154 retval = tmps2 - tmps;
3155 if (retval > 0 && big_utf8)
3156 sv_pos_b2u(big, &retval);
3161 PUSHi(retval + arybase);
3167 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
3168 do_sprintf(TARG, SP-MARK, MARK+1);
3169 TAINT_IF(SvTAINTED(TARG));
3180 const U8 *s = (U8*)SvPV_const(argsv, len);
3183 if (PL_encoding && SvPOK(argsv) && !DO_UTF8(argsv)) {
3184 tmpsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(argsv));
3185 s = (U8*)sv_recode_to_utf8(tmpsv, PL_encoding);
3189 XPUSHu(DO_UTF8(argsv) ?
3190 utf8n_to_uvchr(s, UTF8_MAXBYTES, 0, UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV) :
3202 if (((SvIOK_notUV(TOPs) && SvIV(TOPs) < 0)
3204 (SvNOK(TOPs) && SvNV(TOPs) < 0.0))) {
3206 value = POPu; /* chr(-1) eq chr(0xff), etc. */
3208 (void) POPs; /* Ignore the argument value. */
3209 value = UNICODE_REPLACEMENT;
3215 SvUPGRADE(TARG,SVt_PV);
3217 if (value > 255 && !IN_BYTES) {
3218 SvGROW(TARG, (STRLEN)UNISKIP(value)+1);
3219 tmps = (char*)uvchr_to_utf8_flags((U8*)SvPVX(TARG), value, 0);
3220 SvCUR_set(TARG, tmps - SvPVX_const(TARG));
3222 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
3231 *tmps++ = (char)value;
3233 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
3234 if (PL_encoding && !IN_BYTES) {
3235 sv_recode_to_utf8(TARG, PL_encoding);
3237 if (SvCUR(TARG) == 0 || !is_utf8_string((U8*)tmps, SvCUR(TARG)) ||
3238 memEQ(tmps, "\xef\xbf\xbd\0", 4)) {
3242 *tmps++ = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(value);
3243 *tmps++ = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(value);
3258 const char *tmps = SvPV_const(left, len);
3260 if (DO_UTF8(left)) {
3261 /* If Unicode, try to downgrade.
3262 * If not possible, croak.
3263 * Yes, we made this up. */
3264 SV* const tsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(left));
3267 sv_utf8_downgrade(tsv, FALSE);
3268 tmps = SvPV_const(tsv, len);
3270 # ifdef USE_ITHREADS
3272 if (!PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer) {
3273 /* This should be threadsafe because in ithreads there is only
3274 * one thread per interpreter. If this would not be true,
3275 * we would need a mutex to protect this malloc. */
3276 PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer =
3277 (struct crypt_data *)safemalloc(sizeof(struct crypt_data));
3278 #if defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMX__)
3279 if (PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer) {
3280 PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer->initialized = 0;
3281 /* work around glibc-2.2.5 bug */
3282 PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer->current_saltbits = 0;
3286 # endif /* HAS_CRYPT_R */
3287 # endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
3289 sv_setpv(TARG, fcrypt(tmps, SvPV_nolen_const(right)));
3291 sv_setpv(TARG, PerlProc_crypt(tmps, SvPV_nolen_const(right)));
3297 "The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia.");
3308 const int op_type = PL_op->op_type;
3312 (s = (const U8*)SvPV_nomg_const(sv, slen)) && slen &&
3313 UTF8_IS_START(*s)) {
3314 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1];
3318 utf8_to_uvchr(s, &ulen);
3319 if (op_type == OP_UCFIRST) {
3320 toTITLE_utf8(s, tmpbuf, &tculen);
3322 toLOWER_utf8(s, tmpbuf, &tculen);
3325 if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || SvREADONLY(sv) || ulen != tculen) {
3327 /* slen is the byte length of the whole SV.
3328 * ulen is the byte length of the original Unicode character
3329 * stored as UTF-8 at s.
3330 * tculen is the byte length of the freshly titlecased (or
3331 * lowercased) Unicode character stored as UTF-8 at tmpbuf.
3332 * We first set the result to be the titlecased (/lowercased)
3333 * character, and then append the rest of the SV data. */
3334 sv_setpvn(TARG, (char*)tmpbuf, tculen);
3336 sv_catpvn(TARG, (char*)(s + ulen), slen - ulen);
3341 s = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(sv, slen);
3342 Copy(tmpbuf, s, tculen, U8);
3347 if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || SvREADONLY(sv)) {
3349 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3350 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, sv);
3354 s1 = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(sv, slen);
3356 if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
3359 *s1 = (op_type == OP_UCFIRST)
3360 ? toUPPER_LC(*s1) : toLOWER_LC(*s1);
3363 *s1 = (op_type == OP_UCFIRST) ? toUPPER(*s1) : toLOWER(*s1);
3384 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
3386 s = (const U8*)SvPV_nomg_const(sv,len);
3388 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3389 sv_setpvn(TARG, "", 0);
3393 STRLEN min = len + 1;
3395 SvUPGRADE(TARG, SVt_PV);
3397 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
3398 d = (U8*)SvPVX(TARG);
3401 STRLEN u = UTF8SKIP(s);
3403 toUPPER_utf8(s, tmpbuf, &ulen);
3404 if (ulen > u && (SvLEN(TARG) < (min += ulen - u))) {
3405 /* If the eventually required minimum size outgrows
3406 * the available space, we need to grow. */
3407 const UV o = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(TARG);
3409 /* If someone uppercases one million U+03B0s we
3410 * SvGROW() one million times. Or we could try
3411 * guessing how much to allocate without allocating
3412 * too much. Such is life. */
3414 d = (U8*)SvPVX(TARG) + o;
3416 Copy(tmpbuf, d, ulen, U8);
3422 SvCUR_set(TARG, d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(TARG));
3428 if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || SvREADONLY(sv)) {
3430 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3431 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, sv);
3435 s = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(sv, len);
3437 register const U8 *send = s + len;
3439 if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
3442 for (; s < send; s++)
3443 *s = toUPPER_LC(*s);
3446 for (; s < send; s++)
3469 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1];
3471 s = (const U8*)SvPV_nomg_const(sv,len);
3473 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3474 sv_setpvn(TARG, "", 0);
3478 STRLEN min = len + 1;
3480 SvUPGRADE(TARG, SVt_PV);
3482 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
3483 d = (U8*)SvPVX(TARG);
3486 const STRLEN u = UTF8SKIP(s);
3487 const UV uv = toLOWER_utf8(s, tmpbuf, &ulen);
3489 #define GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_SIGMA 0x03A3 /* Unicode U+03A3 */
3490 if (uv == GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_SIGMA) {
3492 * Now if the sigma is NOT followed by
3493 * /$ignorable_sequence$cased_letter/;
3494 * and it IS preceded by
3495 * /$cased_letter$ignorable_sequence/;
3496 * where $ignorable_sequence is
3497 * [\x{2010}\x{AD}\p{Mn}]*
3498 * and $cased_letter is
3499 * [\p{Ll}\p{Lo}\p{Lt}]
3500 * then it should be mapped to 0x03C2,
3501 * (GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA),
3502 * instead of staying 0x03A3.
3503 * "should be": in other words,
3504 * this is not implemented yet.
3505 * See lib/unicore/SpecialCasing.txt.
3508 if (ulen > u && (SvLEN(TARG) < (min += ulen - u))) {
3509 /* If the eventually required minimum size outgrows
3510 * the available space, we need to grow. */
3511 const UV o = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(TARG);
3513 /* If someone lowercases one million U+0130s we
3514 * SvGROW() one million times. Or we could try
3515 * guessing how much to allocate without allocating.
3516 * too much. Such is life. */
3518 d = (U8*)SvPVX(TARG) + o;
3520 Copy(tmpbuf, d, ulen, U8);
3526 SvCUR_set(TARG, d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(TARG));
3532 if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || SvREADONLY(sv)) {
3534 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3535 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, sv);
3540 s = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(sv, len);
3542 register const U8 * const send = s + len;
3544 if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
3547 for (; s < send; s++)
3548 *s = toLOWER_LC(*s);
3551 for (; s < send; s++)
3563 SV * const sv = TOPs;
3565 register const char *s = SvPV_const(sv,len);
3567 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3570 SvUPGRADE(TARG, SVt_PV);
3571 SvGROW(TARG, (len * 2) + 1);
3575 if (UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)) {
3576 STRLEN ulen = UTF8SKIP(s);
3600 SvCUR_set(TARG, d - SvPVX_const(TARG));
3601 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(TARG);
3604 sv_setpvn(TARG, s, len);
3606 if (SvSMAGICAL(TARG))
3615 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
3616 register AV* const av = (AV*)POPs;
3617 register const I32 lval = (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET);
3619 if (SvTYPE(av) == SVt_PVAV) {
3620 const I32 arybase = PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
3621 if (lval && PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
3624 for (svp = MARK + 1; svp <= SP; svp++) {
3625 const I32 elem = SvIVx(*svp);
3629 if (max > AvMAX(av))
3632 while (++MARK <= SP) {
3634 I32 elem = SvIVx(*MARK);
3638 svp = av_fetch(av, elem, lval);
3640 if (!svp || *svp == &PL_sv_undef)
3641 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_aelem, elem);
3642 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
3643 save_aelem(av, elem, svp);
3645 *MARK = svp ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef;
3648 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
3650 *++MARK = SP > ORIGMARK ? *SP : &PL_sv_undef;
3656 /* Associative arrays. */
3662 HV * const hash = (HV*)POPs;
3664 const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
3667 /* might clobber stack_sp */
3668 entry = hv_iternext(hash);
3673 SV* const sv = hv_iterkeysv(entry);
3674 PUSHs(sv); /* won't clobber stack_sp */
3675 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
3678 /* might clobber stack_sp */
3679 val = hv_iterval(hash, entry);
3684 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR)
3694 const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
3695 const I32 discard = (gimme == G_VOID) ? G_DISCARD : 0;
3697 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpSLICE) {
3699 HV * const hv = (HV*)POPs;
3700 const U32 hvtype = SvTYPE(hv);
3701 if (hvtype == SVt_PVHV) { /* hash element */
3702 while (++MARK <= SP) {
3703 SV * const sv = hv_delete_ent(hv, *MARK, discard, 0);
3704 *MARK = sv ? sv : &PL_sv_undef;
3707 else if (hvtype == SVt_PVAV) { /* array element */
3708 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
3709 while (++MARK <= SP) {
3710 SV * const sv = av_delete((AV*)hv, SvIV(*MARK), discard);
3711 *MARK = sv ? sv : &PL_sv_undef;
3716 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a HASH reference");
3719 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
3724 *++MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
3730 HV * const hv = (HV*)POPs;
3732 if (SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV)
3733 sv = hv_delete_ent(hv, keysv, discard, 0);
3734 else if (SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVAV) {
3735 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
3736 sv = av_delete((AV*)hv, SvIV(keysv), discard);
3738 DIE(aTHX_ "panic: avhv_delete no longer supported");
3741 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a HASH reference");
3757 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpEXISTS_SUB) {
3759 SV * const sv = POPs;
3760 CV * const cv = sv_2cv(sv, &hv, &gv, 0);
3763 if (gv && isGV(gv) && GvCV(gv) && !GvCVGEN(gv))
3769 if (SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
3770 if (hv_exists_ent(hv, tmpsv, 0))
3773 else if (SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVAV) {
3774 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) { /* array element */
3775 if (av_exists((AV*)hv, SvIV(tmpsv)))
3780 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a HASH reference");
3787 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
3788 register HV * const hv = (HV*)POPs;
3789 register const I32 lval = (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET);
3790 const bool localizing = PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO;
3791 bool other_magic = FALSE;
3797 other_magic = mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_env) ||
3798 ((mg = mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_tied))
3799 /* Try to preserve the existenceness of a tied hash
3800 * element by using EXISTS and DELETE if possible.
3801 * Fallback to FETCH and STORE otherwise */
3802 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(SvTIED_obj((SV*)hv, mg))))
3803 && gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, "EXISTS", TRUE)
3804 && gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, "DELETE", TRUE));
3807 while (++MARK <= SP) {
3808 SV * const keysv = *MARK;
3811 bool preeminent = FALSE;
3814 preeminent = SvRMAGICAL(hv) && !other_magic ? 1 :
3815 hv_exists_ent(hv, keysv, 0);
3818 he = hv_fetch_ent(hv, keysv, lval, 0);
3819 svp = he ? &HeVAL(he) : 0;
3822 if (!svp || *svp == &PL_sv_undef) {
3823 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_helem_sv, keysv);
3827 save_helem(hv, keysv, svp);
3830 const char *key = SvPV_const(keysv, keylen);
3831 SAVEDELETE(hv, savepvn(key,keylen), keylen);
3835 *MARK = svp ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef;
3837 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
3839 *++MARK = SP > ORIGMARK ? *SP : &PL_sv_undef;
3845 /* List operators. */
3850 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
3852 *MARK = *SP; /* unwanted list, return last item */
3854 *MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
3864 SV ** const lastrelem = PL_stack_sp;
3865 SV ** const lastlelem = PL_stack_base + POPMARK;
3866 SV ** const firstlelem = PL_stack_base + POPMARK + 1;
3867 register SV ** const firstrelem = lastlelem + 1;
3868 const I32 arybase = PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
3869 I32 is_something_there = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD;
3871 register const I32 max = lastrelem - lastlelem;
3872 register SV **lelem;
3874 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
3875 I32 ix = SvIVx(*lastlelem);
3880 if (ix < 0 || ix >= max)
3881 *firstlelem = &PL_sv_undef;
3883 *firstlelem = firstrelem[ix];
3889 SP = firstlelem - 1;
3893 for (lelem = firstlelem; lelem <= lastlelem; lelem++) {
3894 I32 ix = SvIVx(*lelem);
3899 if (ix < 0 || ix >= max)
3900 *lelem = &PL_sv_undef;
3902 is_something_there = TRUE;
3903 if (!(*lelem = firstrelem[ix]))
3904 *lelem = &PL_sv_undef;
3907 if (is_something_there)
3910 SP = firstlelem - 1;
3916 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
3917 const I32 items = SP - MARK;
3918 SV * const av = sv_2mortal((SV*)av_make(items, MARK+1));
3919 SP = ORIGMARK; /* av_make() might realloc stack_sp */
3926 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
3927 HV* const hv = (HV*)sv_2mortal((SV*)newHV());
3930 SV * const key = *++MARK;
3931 SV * const val = newSV(0);
3933 sv_setsv(val, *++MARK);
3934 else if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
3935 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Odd number of elements in anonymous hash");
3936 (void)hv_store_ent(hv,key,val,0);
3945 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
3946 register AV *ary = (AV*)*++MARK;
3950 register I32 offset;
3951 register I32 length;
3955 SV **tmparyval = NULL;
3956 const MAGIC * const mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
3959 *MARK-- = SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg);
3963 call_method("SPLICE",GIMME_V);
3972 offset = i = SvIVx(*MARK);
3974 offset += AvFILLp(ary) + 1;
3976 offset -= PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
3978 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_aelem, i);
3980 length = SvIVx(*MARK++);
3982 length += AvFILLp(ary) - offset + 1;
3988 length = AvMAX(ary) + 1; /* close enough to infinity */
3992 length = AvMAX(ary) + 1;
3994 if (offset > AvFILLp(ary) + 1) {
3995 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
3996 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "splice() offset past end of array" );
3997 offset = AvFILLp(ary) + 1;
3999 after = AvFILLp(ary) + 1 - (offset + length);
4000 if (after < 0) { /* not that much array */
4001 length += after; /* offset+length now in array */
4007 /* At this point, MARK .. SP-1 is our new LIST */
4010 diff = newlen - length;
4011 if (newlen && !AvREAL(ary) && AvREIFY(ary))
4014 /* make new elements SVs now: avoid problems if they're from the array */
4015 for (dst = MARK, i = newlen; i; i--) {
4016 SV * const h = *dst;
4017 *dst++ = newSVsv(h);
4020 if (diff < 0) { /* shrinking the area */
4022 Newx(tmparyval, newlen, SV*); /* so remember insertion */
4023 Copy(MARK, tmparyval, newlen, SV*);
4026 MARK = ORIGMARK + 1;
4027 if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) { /* copy return vals to stack */
4028 MEXTEND(MARK, length);
4029 Copy(AvARRAY(ary)+offset, MARK, length, SV*);
4031 EXTEND_MORTAL(length);
4032 for (i = length, dst = MARK; i; i--) {
4033 sv_2mortal(*dst); /* free them eventualy */
4040 *MARK = AvARRAY(ary)[offset+length-1];
4043 for (i = length - 1, dst = &AvARRAY(ary)[offset]; i > 0; i--)
4044 SvREFCNT_dec(*dst++); /* free them now */
4047 AvFILLp(ary) += diff;
4049 /* pull up or down? */
4051 if (offset < after) { /* easier to pull up */
4052 if (offset) { /* esp. if nothing to pull */
4053 src = &AvARRAY(ary)[offset-1];
4054 dst = src - diff; /* diff is negative */
4055 for (i = offset; i > 0; i--) /* can't trust Copy */
4059 SvPV_set(ary, (char*)(AvARRAY(ary) - diff)); /* diff is negative */
4063 if (after) { /* anything to pull down? */
4064 src = AvARRAY(ary) + offset + length;
4065 dst = src + diff; /* diff is negative */
4066 Move(src, dst, after, SV*);
4068 dst = &AvARRAY(ary)[AvFILLp(ary)+1];
4069 /* avoid later double free */
4073 dst[--i] = &PL_sv_undef;
4076 Copy( tmparyval, AvARRAY(ary) + offset, newlen, SV* );
4077 Safefree(tmparyval);
4080 else { /* no, expanding (or same) */
4082 Newx(tmparyval, length, SV*); /* so remember deletion */
4083 Copy(AvARRAY(ary)+offset, tmparyval, length, SV*);
4086 if (diff > 0) { /* expanding */
4088 /* push up or down? */
4090 if (offset < after && diff <= AvARRAY(ary) - AvALLOC(ary)) {
4094 Move(src, dst, offset, SV*);
4096 SvPV_set(ary, (char*)(AvARRAY(ary) - diff));/* diff is positive */
4098 AvFILLp(ary) += diff;
4101 if (AvFILLp(ary) + diff >= AvMAX(ary)) /* oh, well */
4102 av_extend(ary, AvFILLp(ary) + diff);
4103 AvFILLp(ary) += diff;
4106 dst = AvARRAY(ary) + AvFILLp(ary);
4108 for (i = after; i; i--) {
4116 Copy( MARK, AvARRAY(ary) + offset, newlen, SV* );
4119 MARK = ORIGMARK + 1;
4120 if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) { /* copy return vals to stack */
4122 Copy(tmparyval, MARK, length, SV*);
4124 EXTEND_MORTAL(length);
4125 for (i = length, dst = MARK; i; i--) {
4126 sv_2mortal(*dst); /* free them eventualy */
4130 Safefree(tmparyval);
4134 else if (length--) {
4135 *MARK = tmparyval[length];
4138 while (length-- > 0)
4139 SvREFCNT_dec(tmparyval[length]);
4141 Safefree(tmparyval);
4144 *MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
4152 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
4153 register AV *ary = (AV*)*++MARK;
4154 const MAGIC * const mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
4157 *MARK-- = SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg);
4161 call_method("PUSH",G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
4165 PUSHi( AvFILL(ary) + 1 );
4168 for (++MARK; MARK <= SP; MARK++) {
4169 SV * const sv = newSV(0);
4171 sv_setsv(sv, *MARK);
4172 av_store(ary, AvFILLp(ary)+1, sv);
4175 PUSHi( AvFILLp(ary) + 1 );
4184 AV * const av = (AV*)POPs;
4185 SV * const sv = PL_op->op_type == OP_SHIFT ? av_shift(av) : av_pop(av);
4190 (void)sv_2mortal(sv);
4197 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
4198 register AV *ary = (AV*)*++MARK;
4199 const MAGIC * const mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
4202 *MARK-- = SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg);
4206 call_method("UNSHIFT",G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
4212 av_unshift(ary, SP - MARK);
4214 SV * const sv = newSVsv(*++MARK);
4215 (void)av_store(ary, i++, sv);
4219 PUSHi( AvFILL(ary) + 1 );
4226 SV ** const oldsp = SP;
4228 if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) {
4231 register SV * const tmp = *MARK;
4235 /* safe as long as stack cannot get extended in the above */
4240 register char *down;
4246 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
4248 do_join(TARG, &PL_sv_no, MARK, SP);
4250 sv_setsv(TARG, (SP > MARK)
4252 : (padoff_du = find_rundefsvoffset(),
4253 (padoff_du == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS(padoff_du) & SVpad_OUR)
4254 ? DEFSV : PAD_SVl(padoff_du)));
4255 up = SvPV_force(TARG, len);
4257 if (DO_UTF8(TARG)) { /* first reverse each character */
4258 U8* s = (U8*)SvPVX(TARG);
4259 const U8* send = (U8*)(s + len);
4261 if (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(*s)) {
4266 if (!utf8_to_uvchr(s, 0))
4270 down = (char*)(s - 1);
4271 /* reverse this character */
4275 *down-- = (char)tmp;
4281 down = SvPVX(TARG) + len - 1;
4285 *down-- = (char)tmp;
4287 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(TARG);
4299 register IV limit = POPi; /* note, negative is forever */
4300 SV * const sv = POPs;
4302 register const char *s = SvPV_const(sv, len);
4303 const bool do_utf8 = DO_UTF8(sv);
4304 const char *strend = s + len;
4306 register REGEXP *rx;
4308 register const char *m;
4310 const STRLEN slen = do_utf8 ? utf8_length((U8*)s, (U8*)strend) : (strend - s);
4311 I32 maxiters = slen + 10;
4313 const I32 origlimit = limit;
4316 const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
4317 const I32 oldsave = PL_savestack_ix;
4318 I32 make_mortal = 1;
4320 MAGIC *mg = (MAGIC *) NULL;
4323 Copy(&LvTARGOFF(POPs), &pm, 1, PMOP*);
4328 DIE(aTHX_ "panic: pp_split");
4331 TAINT_IF((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_LOCALE) &&
4332 (pm->op_pmflags & (PMf_WHITE | PMf_SKIPWHITE)));
4334 RX_MATCH_UTF8_set(rx, do_utf8);
4336 if (pm->op_pmreplroot) {
4338 ary = GvAVn((GV*)PAD_SVl(INT2PTR(PADOFFSET, pm->op_pmreplroot)));
4340 ary = GvAVn((GV*)pm->op_pmreplroot);
4343 else if (gimme != G_ARRAY)
4344 ary = GvAVn(PL_defgv);
4347 if (ary && (gimme != G_ARRAY || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE))) {
4353 if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
4355 XPUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg));
4362 for (i = AvFILLp(ary); i >= 0; i--)
4363 AvARRAY(ary)[i] = &PL_sv_undef; /* don't free mere refs */
4365 /* temporarily switch stacks */
4366 SAVESWITCHSTACK(PL_curstack, ary);
4370 base = SP - PL_stack_base;
4372 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_SKIPWHITE) {
4373 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_LOCALE) {
4374 while (isSPACE_LC(*s))
4382 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE) {
4387 limit = maxiters + 2;
4388 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_WHITE) {
4391 while (m < strend &&
4392 !((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_LOCALE)
4393 ? isSPACE_LC(*m) : isSPACE(*m)))
4398 dstr = newSVpvn(s, m-s);
4402 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4406 while (s < strend &&
4407 ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_LOCALE)
4408 ? isSPACE_LC(*s) : isSPACE(*s)))
4412 else if (rx->precomp[0] == '^' && rx->precomp[1] == '\0') {
4414 for (m = s; m < strend && *m != '\n'; m++)
4419 dstr = newSVpvn(s, m-s);
4423 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4428 else if (do_utf8 == ((rx->reganch & ROPT_UTF8) != 0) &&
4429 (rx->reganch & RE_USE_INTUIT) && !rx->nparens
4430 && (rx->reganch & ROPT_CHECK_ALL)
4431 && !(rx->reganch & ROPT_ANCH)) {
4432 const int tail = (rx->reganch & RE_INTUIT_TAIL);
4433 SV * const csv = CALLREG_INTUIT_STRING(aTHX_ rx);
4436 if (len == 1 && !(rx->reganch & ROPT_UTF8) && !tail) {
4437 const char c = *SvPV_nolen_const(csv);
4439 for (m = s; m < strend && *m != c; m++)
4443 dstr = newSVpvn(s, m-s);
4447 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4449 /* The rx->minlen is in characters but we want to step
4450 * s ahead by bytes. */
4452 s = (char*)utf8_hop((U8*)m, len);
4454 s = m + len; /* Fake \n at the end */
4458 while (s < strend && --limit &&
4459 (m = fbm_instr((unsigned char*)s, (unsigned char*)strend,
4460 csv, multiline ? FBMrf_MULTILINE : 0)) )
4462 dstr = newSVpvn(s, m-s);
4466 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4468 /* The rx->minlen is in characters but we want to step
4469 * s ahead by bytes. */
4471 s = (char*)utf8_hop((U8*)m, len);
4473 s = m + len; /* Fake \n at the end */
4478 maxiters += slen * rx->nparens;
4479 while (s < strend && --limit)
4483 rex_return = CALLREGEXEC(aTHX_ rx, (char*)s, (char*)strend, (char*)orig, 1 ,
4486 if (rex_return == 0)
4488 TAINT_IF(RX_MATCH_TAINTED(rx));
4489 if (RX_MATCH_COPIED(rx) && rx->subbeg != orig) {
4494 strend = s + (strend - m);
4496 m = rx->startp[0] + orig;
4497 dstr = newSVpvn(s, m-s);
4501 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4505 for (i = 1; i <= (I32)rx->nparens; i++) {
4506 s = rx->startp[i] + orig;
4507 m = rx->endp[i] + orig;
4509 /* japhy (07/27/01) -- the (m && s) test doesn't catch
4510 parens that didn't match -- they should be set to
4511 undef, not the empty string */
4512 if (m >= orig && s >= orig) {
4513 dstr = newSVpvn(s, m-s);
4516 dstr = &PL_sv_undef; /* undef, not "" */
4520 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4524 s = rx->endp[0] + orig;
4528 iters = (SP - PL_stack_base) - base;
4529 if (iters > maxiters)
4530 DIE(aTHX_ "Split loop");
4532 /* keep field after final delim? */
4533 if (s < strend || (iters && origlimit)) {
4534 const STRLEN l = strend - s;
4535 dstr = newSVpvn(s, l);
4539 (void)SvUTF8_on(dstr);
4543 else if (!origlimit) {
4544 while (iters > 0 && (!TOPs || !SvANY(TOPs) || SvCUR(TOPs) == 0)) {
4545 if (TOPs && !make_mortal)
4548 *SP-- = &PL_sv_undef;
4553 LEAVE_SCOPE(oldsave); /* may undo an earlier SWITCHSTACK */
4557 if (SvSMAGICAL(ary)) {
4562 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
4564 Copy(AvARRAY(ary), SP + 1, iters, SV*);
4572 call_method("PUSH",G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
4575 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
4577 /* EXTEND should not be needed - we just popped them */
4579 for (i=0; i < iters; i++) {
4580 SV **svp = av_fetch(ary, i, FALSE);
4581 PUSHs((svp) ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef);
4588 if (gimme == G_ARRAY)
4604 if (SvTYPE(retsv) == SVt_PVAV || SvTYPE(retsv) == SVt_PVHV
4605 || SvTYPE(retsv) == SVt_PVCV) {
4606 retsv = refto(retsv);
4613 PP(unimplemented_op)
4616 DIE(aTHX_ "panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called", OP_NAME(PL_op),
4622 * c-indentation-style: bsd
4624 * indent-tabs-mode: t
4627 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet: