3 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
7 Along with the Perl interpreter itself, the Perl distribution installs a
8 range of utilities on your system. There are also several utilities
9 which are used by the Perl distribution itself as part of the install
10 process. This document exists to list all of these utilities, explain
11 what they are for and provide pointers to each module's documentation,
14 =head1 LIST OF UTILITIES
20 =item L<perldoc|perldoc>
22 The main interface to Perl's documentation is C<perldoc>, although
23 if you're reading this, it's more than likely that you've already found
24 it. F<perldoc> will extract and format the documentation from any file
25 in the current directory, any Perl module installed on the system, or
26 any of the standard documentation pages, such as this one. Use
27 C<perldoc E<lt>nameE<gt>> to get information on any of the utilities
28 described in this document.
30 =item L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>
32 If it's run from a terminal, F<perldoc> will usually call F<pod2man> to
33 translate POD (Plain Old Documentation - see L<perlpod> for an
34 explanation) into a manpage, and then run F<man> to display it; if
35 F<man> isn't available, F<pod2text> will be used instead and the output
36 piped through your favourite pager.
38 =item L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>
40 As well as these two, there are two other converters: F<pod2html> will
41 produce HTML pages from POD, and F<pod2latex>, which produces LaTeX
44 =item L<pod2usage|pod2usage>
46 If you just want to know how to use the utilities described here,
47 F<pod2usage> will just extract the "USAGE" section; some of
48 the utilities will automatically call F<pod2usage> on themselves when
49 you call them with C<-help>.
51 =item L<podselect|podselect>
53 F<pod2usage> is a special case of F<podselect>, a utility to extract
54 named sections from documents written in POD. For instance, while
55 utilities have "USAGE" sections, Perl modules usually have "SYNOPSIS"
56 sections: C<podselect -s "SYNOPSIS" ...> will extract this section for
59 =item L<podchecker|podchecker>
61 If you're writing your own documentation in POD, the F<podchecker>
62 utility will look for errors in your markup.
64 =item L<splain|splain>
66 F<splain> is an interface to L<perldiag> - paste in your error message
67 to it, and it'll explain it for you.
69 =item L<roffitall|roffitall>
71 The C<roffitall> utility is not installed on your system but lives in
72 the F<pod/> directory of your Perl source kit; it converts all the
73 documentation from the distribution to F<*roff> format, and produces a
74 typeset PostScript or text file of the whole lot.
80 To help you convert legacy programs to Perl, we've included three
87 F<a2p> converts F<awk> scripts to Perl programs; for example, C<a2p -F:>
88 on the simple F<awk> script C<{print $2}> will produce a Perl program
89 based around this code:
92 ($Fld1,$Fld2) = split(/[:\n]/, $_, 9999);
96 =item L<s2p|s2p> and L<psed>
98 Similarly, F<s2p> converts F<sed> scripts to Perl programs. F<s2p> run
99 on C<s/foo/bar> will produce a Perl program based around this:
107 When invoked as F<psed>, it behaves as a F<sed> implementation, written in
110 =item L<find2perl|find2perl>
112 Finally, F<find2perl> translates C<find> commands to Perl equivalents which
113 use the L<File::Find|File::Find> module. As an example,
114 C<find2perl . -user root -perm 4000 -print> produces the following callback
115 subroutine for C<File::Find>:
118 my ($dev,$ino,$mode,$nlink,$uid,$gid);
119 (($dev,$ino,$mode,$nlink,$uid,$gid) = lstat($_)) &&
120 $uid == $uid{'root'}) &&
121 (($mode & 0777) == 04000);
127 As well as these filters for converting other languages, the
128 L<pl2pm|pl2pm> utility will help you convert old-style Perl 4 libraries to
129 new-style Perl5 modules.
131 =head2 Administration
135 =item L<config_data|config_data>
137 Query or change configuration of Perl modules that use Module::Build-based
138 configuration files for features and config data.
140 =item L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
142 To display and change the libnet configuration run the libnetcfg command.
146 The F<perlivp> program is set up at Perl source code build time to test
147 the Perl version it was built under. It can be used after running C<make
148 install> (or your platform's equivalent procedure) to verify that perl
149 and its libraries have been installed correctly.
155 There are a set of utilities which help you in developing Perl programs,
156 and in particular, extending Perl with C.
160 =item L<perlbug|perlbug>
162 F<perlbug> is the recommended way to report bugs in the perl interpreter
163 itself or any of the standard library modules back to the developers;
164 please read through the documentation for F<perlbug> thoroughly before
165 using it to submit a bug report.
167 =item L<perlthanks|perlthanks>
169 This program provides an easy way to send a thank-you message back to the
170 authors and maintainers of perl. It's just F<perlbug> installed under
175 Back before Perl had the XS system for connecting with C libraries,
176 programmers used to get library constants by reading through the C
177 header files. You may still see C<require 'syscall.ph'> or similar
178 around - the F<.ph> file should be created by running F<h2ph> on the
179 corresponding F<.h> file. See the F<h2ph> documentation for more on how
180 to convert a whole bunch of header files at once.
182 =item L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>
184 F<c2ph> and F<pstruct>, which are actually the same program but behave
185 differently depending on how they are called, provide another way of
186 getting at C with Perl - they'll convert C structures and union declarations
187 to Perl code. This is deprecated in favour of F<h2xs> these days.
191 F<h2xs> converts C header files into XS modules, and will try and write
192 as much glue between C libraries and Perl modules as it can. It's also
193 very useful for creating skeletons of pure Perl modules.
197 F<enc2xs> builds a Perl extension for use by Encode from either
198 Unicode Character Mapping files (.ucm) or Tcl Encoding Files (.enc).
199 Besides being used internally during the build process of the Encode
200 module, you can use F<enc2xs> to add your own encoding to perl.
201 No knowledge of XS is necessary.
205 F<xsubpp> is a compiler to convert Perl XS code into C code.
206 It is typically run by the makefiles created by L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>.
208 F<xsubpp> will compile XS code into C code by embedding the constructs
209 necessary to let C functions manipulate Perl values and creates the glue
210 necessary to let Perl access those functions.
212 =item L<dprofpp|dprofpp>
214 Perl comes with a profiler, the F<Devel::DProf> module. The
215 F<dprofpp> utility analyzes the output of this profiler and tells you
216 which subroutines are taking up the most run time. See L<Devel::DProf>
217 for more information.
221 F<prove> is a command-line interface to the test-running functionality
222 of F<Test::Harness>. It's an alternative to C<make test>.
226 A command-line front-end to C<Module::CoreList>, to query what modules
227 were shipped with given versions of perl.
233 A few general-purpose tools are shipped with perl, mostly because they
234 came along modules included in the perl distribution.
240 B<piconv> is a Perl version of B<iconv>, a character encoding converter
241 widely available for various Unixen today. This script was primarily a
242 technology demonstrator for Perl 5.8.0, but you can use piconv in the
243 place of iconv for virtually any case.
247 F<ptar> is a tar-like program, written in pure Perl.
251 F<ptardiff> is a small utility that produces a diff between an extracted
252 archive and an unextracted one. (Note that this utility requires the
253 C<Text::Diff> module to function properly; this module isn't distributed
254 with perl, but is available from the CPAN.)
258 This utility, that comes with the C<Digest::SHA> module, is used to print
259 or verify SHA checksums.
265 These utilities help manage extra Perl modules that don't come with the perl
272 F<cpan> is a command-line interface to CPAN.pm. It allows you to install
273 modules or distributions from CPAN, or just get information about them, and
274 a lot more. It is similar to the command line mode of the L<CPAN> module,
280 F<cpanp> is, like F<cpan>, a command-line interface to the CPAN, using
281 the C<CPANPLUS> module as a back-end. It can be used interactively or
286 F<cpan2dist> is a tool to create distributions (or packages) from CPAN
287 modules, then suitable for your package manager of choice. Support for
288 specific formats are available from CPAN as C<CPANPLUS::Dist::*> modules.
292 A little interface to ExtUtils::Installed to examine installed modules,
293 validate your packlists and even create a tarball from an installed module.
299 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man>, L<perlpod>,
300 L<pod2html|pod2html>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>, L<podselect|podselect>,
301 L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>, L<perldiag>,
302 L<roffitall|roffitall>, L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>,
303 L<File::Find|File::Find>, L<pl2pm|pl2pm>, L<perlbug|perlbug>,
304 L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph>, L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>,
305 L<Devel::DProf>, L<enc2xs>, L<xsubpp>, L<cpan>, L<cpanp>, L<cpan2dist>,
306 L<instmodsh>, L<piconv>, L<prove>, L<corelist>, L<ptar>, L<ptardiff>,