4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31
115 =item Where to get the perlfaq
117 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
119 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
126 =item Author and Copyright Information
130 =item Bundled Distributions
136 =item Table of Contents
138 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
139 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
140 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
141 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
142 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
148 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
150 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
152 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
154 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
156 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
158 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
160 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
162 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
164 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
190 =item Simple Statements
192 =item Compound Statements
200 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
204 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
206 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
212 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
226 =item Scalar value constructors
228 =item List value constructors
234 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
242 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
252 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
254 =item The Arrow Operator
256 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
260 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
262 =item Binding Operators
264 =item Multiplicative Operators
266 =item Additive Operators
268 =item Shift Operators
270 =item Named Unary Operators
272 =item Relational Operators
274 =item Equality Operators
278 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
280 =item C-style Logical And
282 =item C-style Logical Or
284 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
286 =item Range Operators
288 =item Conditional Operator
290 =item Assignment Operators
294 =item List Operators (Rightward)
300 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
302 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
304 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
306 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
308 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
310 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
311 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
312 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
313 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
315 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
317 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
318 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
319 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
320 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
325 =item Constant Folding
327 =item Bitwise String Operators
329 =item Integer Arithmetic
331 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
339 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
349 =item Private Variables via my()
351 =item Persistent Private Variables
353 =item Temporary Values via local()
355 =item Lvalue subroutines
357 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
359 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
361 =item When to Still Use local()
363 =item Pass by Reference
367 =item Constant Functions
369 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
373 =item Subroutine Attributes
381 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
389 =item Perl Functions by Category
391 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
392 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
393 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
394 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
395 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
396 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
397 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
398 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
399 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
400 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
405 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
407 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
408 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
409 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
410 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
411 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
412 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
413 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
414 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
415 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
416 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
417 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
418 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
419 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
420 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
421 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
422 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
423 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
424 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
425 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
426 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
427 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
428 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
429 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
430 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
431 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
432 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
433 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
434 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
435 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
436 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
437 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
438 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
439 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
440 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
441 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
442 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
443 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
444 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
445 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
446 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
447 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
448 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
449 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
450 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
451 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
452 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
453 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
454 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
455 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
456 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
457 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
458 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
459 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
460 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
461 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
462 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
463 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
464 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
465 parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
466 width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
467 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
468 (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
469 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
470 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
471 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
472 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
473 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
474 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
475 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
476 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
477 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
478 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
479 TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
480 Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
481 VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
482 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
488 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
494 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
502 =item Making References
504 =item Using References
522 =item Distribution Conditions
528 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
534 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
535 more elaborate constructs
539 =item COMMON MISTAKES
541 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
543 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
549 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
553 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
555 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
557 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
561 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
565 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
567 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
569 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
573 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
577 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
579 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
581 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
585 =item HASHES OF HASHES
589 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
591 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
593 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
597 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
601 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
603 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
605 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
617 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
627 =item Simple word matching
629 =item Using character classes
631 =item Matching this or that
633 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
635 =item Extracting matches
637 =item Matching repetitions
641 =item Search and replace
643 =item The split operator
651 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
655 =item Acknowledgments
661 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
669 =item Ordinary Paragraph
671 =item Verbatim Paragraph
673 =item Command Paragraph
675 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
676 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
677 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
678 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
680 =item Formatting Codes
682 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
683 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
684 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
685 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
686 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
687 (zero-effect) formatting code
691 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
693 =item Hints for Writing Pod
703 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
710 =item Pod Definitions
714 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
715 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
717 =item Pod Formatting Codes
719 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
720 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
721 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
722 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
723 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
724 contains non-breaking spaces
726 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
728 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
730 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
732 =item About =over...=back Regions
734 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
742 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
750 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
768 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
770 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
771 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
772 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
773 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
775 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
777 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
778 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
779 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
783 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
785 =item Numerical Traps
787 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
789 =item General data type traps
791 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
792 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
794 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
796 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
798 =item Precedence Traps
800 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
803 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
805 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
806 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
807 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
809 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
811 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
817 =item Interpolation Traps
819 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
820 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
826 =item Unclassified Traps
828 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
835 =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
847 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
855 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
865 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
867 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
869 =item Location of Perl
871 =item Command Switches
873 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>], B<-A [I<assertions>]>, B<-a>, B<-C
874 [I<number/list>]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>,
875 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
876 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
877 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
878 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
879 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
880 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
886 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
887 :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
888 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
889 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG,
890 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS, PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN
891 (specific to the VMS port)
895 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
903 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
911 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
913 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
915 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
919 =item Backward Compatibility
921 =item Category Hierarchy
925 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
937 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
945 =item Looking at data and -w and v
949 =item Stepping through code
951 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
953 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
971 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
977 =item The Perl Debugger
981 =item Debugger Commands
983 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
984 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
985 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
986 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
987 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
988 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
989 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
990 command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
991 command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
992 file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
995 =item Configurable Options
997 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
998 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
999 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
1000 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
1001 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
1002 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
1005 =item Debugger input/output
1007 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
1010 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1012 =item Debugger Customization
1014 =item Readline Support
1016 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1018 =item The Perl Profiler
1022 =item Debugging regular expressions
1024 =item Debugging memory usage
1032 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1040 =item Predefined Names
1042 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1043 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
1044 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1045 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1046 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1047 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1048 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1049 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1050 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1051 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1052 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1053 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1054 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1055 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1056 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1057 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1058 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1059 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1060 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1061 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1062 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1063 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1064 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1065 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1066 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1067 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1068 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
1069 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
1070 $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
1071 ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
1074 =item Error Indicators
1076 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1084 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1092 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1094 =item Growing Your Own
1096 =item Access and Printing
1108 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1114 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1120 =item Indirect Filehandles
1124 =item The Minus File
1126 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1132 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1136 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1140 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1144 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1146 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1148 =item Paths as Opens
1150 =item Single Argument Open
1152 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1156 =item Other I/O Issues
1160 =item Opening Non-File Files
1162 =item Opening Named Pipes
1164 =item Opening Sockets
1176 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1182 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1188 =item The Basic Principle
1192 =item Packing Numbers
1198 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1200 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1202 =item Floating point Numbers
1206 =item Exotic Templates
1218 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1222 =item Template Grouping
1224 =item Lengths and Widths
1228 =item String Lengths
1230 =item Dynamic Templates
1232 =item Counting Repetitions
1236 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1240 =item The Alignment Pit
1242 =item Alignment, Take 2
1244 =item Alignment, Take 3
1246 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1252 =item Funnies Section
1258 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1264 =item Part 1: The basics
1268 =item Simple word matching
1270 =item Using character classes
1272 =item Matching this or that
1274 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1276 =item Extracting matches
1278 =item Matching repetitions
1280 =item Building a regexp
1282 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1286 =item Part 2: Power tools
1290 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1292 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1294 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1296 =item Non-capturing groupings
1298 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1300 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1302 =item Conditional expressions
1304 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1306 =item Pragmas and debugging
1314 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1318 =item Acknowledgments
1324 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1334 =item Regular Expressions
1336 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1338 =item Extended Patterns
1340 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1341 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1342 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1343 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1347 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1349 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1351 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1353 =item Combining pieces together
1355 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1356 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1357 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1358 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1360 =item Creating custom RE engines
1370 =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
1382 =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
1384 =item CHARACTER CLASSES
1390 =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
1408 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1418 =item Making References
1420 =item Using References
1422 =item Symbolic references
1424 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1426 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1428 =item Function Templates
1438 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1446 =item Format Variables
1456 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1464 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1472 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1474 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1476 =item Invoking a barnyard
1478 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1480 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1482 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1484 =item A few notes about @ISA
1486 =item Overriding the methods
1488 =item Starting the search from a different place
1490 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1492 =item Where we're at so far...
1494 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1496 =item Invoking an instance method
1498 =item Accessing the instance data
1500 =item How to build a horse
1502 =item Inheriting the constructor
1504 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1506 =item Adding parameters to a method
1508 =item More interesting instances
1510 =item A horse of a different color
1522 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1528 =item Creating a Class
1532 =item Object Representation
1534 =item Class Interface
1536 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1538 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1542 =item Other Object Methods
1550 =item Accessing Class Data
1552 =item Debugging Methods
1554 =item Class Destructors
1556 =item Documenting the Interface
1566 =item Overridden Methods
1568 =item Multiple Inheritance
1570 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1574 =item Alternate Object Representations
1578 =item Arrays as Objects
1580 =item Closures as Objects
1584 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1588 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1590 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1594 =item Metaclassical Tools
1600 =item Data Members as Variables
1608 =item Object Terminology
1614 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1620 =item Acknowledgments
1626 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1632 =item Class Data in a Can
1634 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1638 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1640 =item Inheritance Concerns
1642 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1644 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1646 =item Monadic Classes
1648 =item Translucent Attributes
1652 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1656 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1658 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1660 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1662 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1664 =item Translucency Revisited
1672 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1674 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1680 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1688 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1690 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1692 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1694 =item Method Invocation
1696 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1698 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1700 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1706 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1714 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1720 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1722 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1724 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1726 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1728 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1730 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1732 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1734 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1736 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1738 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1746 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1758 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1763 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1764 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1765 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1766 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1771 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1772 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1773 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1775 =item Tying FileHandles
1777 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1778 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1783 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1795 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1796 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1806 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
1814 =item Deferred Signals (Safe signals)
1816 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
1817 "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
1821 =item Using open() for IPC
1827 =item Background Processes
1829 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1831 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1833 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1835 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1839 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1843 =item Internet Line Terminators
1845 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1847 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1851 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1855 =item A Simple Client
1857 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1859 =item A Webget Client
1861 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1865 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1867 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1869 =item UDP: Message Passing
1883 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1893 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1895 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1896 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1897 files, directories and network sockets
1899 =item Resource limits
1901 =item Killing the parent process
1903 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1905 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1907 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1908 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1909 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1921 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1929 =item Storing numbers
1931 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1933 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1935 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
1936 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
1937 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1946 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1954 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1956 =item Threaded Program Models
1968 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1970 =item Thread-Safe Modules
1976 =item Basic Thread Support
1978 =item A Note about the Examples
1980 =item Creating Threads
1982 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1984 =item Ignoring A Thread
1988 =item Threads And Data
1992 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1994 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
1998 =item Synchronization and control
2002 =item Controlling access: lock()
2004 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2006 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2008 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2010 =item Basic semaphores
2012 =item Advanced Semaphores
2014 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
2016 =item Giving up control
2020 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2024 =item What Thread Am I In?
2028 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2030 =item What Threads Are Running?
2034 =item A Complete Example
2036 =item Different implementations of threads
2038 =item Performance considerations
2040 =item Process-scope Changes
2042 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
2050 =item Introductory Texts
2052 =item OS-Related References
2054 =item Other References
2058 =item Acknowledgements
2066 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
2072 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2074 =item Threaded Program Models
2086 =item Native threads
2088 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2090 =item Threadsafe Modules
2096 =item Basic Thread Support
2098 =item Creating Threads
2100 =item Giving up control
2102 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2104 =item Errors In Threads
2106 =item Ignoring A Thread
2110 =item Threads And Data
2114 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2116 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2118 =item Controlling access: lock()
2120 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2122 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2126 =item Threads And Code
2130 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2132 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2134 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2136 =item Subroutine Locks
2140 =item Locking A Subroutine
2144 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2148 =item What Thread Am I In?
2152 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2154 =item What Threads Are Running?
2158 =item A Complete Example
2166 =item Introductory Texts
2168 =item OS-Related References
2170 =item Other References
2174 =item Acknowledgements
2182 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2188 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2197 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2199 =item Files and Filesystems
2201 =item System Interaction
2203 =item Command names versus file pathnames
2207 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2209 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2211 =item Standard Modules
2215 =item Character sets and character encoding
2217 =item Internationalisation
2219 =item System Resources
2229 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2230 http://testers.cpan.org/
2238 =item DOS and Derivatives
2246 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2254 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2258 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2260 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2261 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2262 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2263 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2264 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2265 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2266 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2267 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent,
2268 getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
2269 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
2270 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
2271 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
2272 kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
2273 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
2274 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
2275 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
2276 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2277 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2278 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2279 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2280 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2281 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2282 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2283 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2284 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2285 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2291 v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000,
2292 v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999,
2293 v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
2294 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December
2295 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August
2296 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2298 =item Supported Platforms
2302 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2306 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2313 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2319 =item The use locale pragma
2321 =item The setlocale function
2323 =item Finding locales
2325 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2327 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2329 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2331 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2333 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2335 =item The localeconv function
2337 =item I18N::Langinfo
2341 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2345 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2347 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2349 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2351 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2355 =item Other categories
2363 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2364 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2370 =item Backward compatibility
2372 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2374 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2376 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2378 =item Freely available locale definitions
2382 =item An imperfect standard
2386 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2392 =item Broken systems
2402 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2412 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2414 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2416 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2418 =item Creating Unicode
2420 =item Handling Unicode
2422 =item Legacy Encodings
2426 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2430 =item Advanced Topics
2434 =item Questions With Answers
2436 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2438 =item Further Resources
2442 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2446 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2448 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2452 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2460 =item Important Caveats
2462 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
2463 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2465 =item Byte and Character Semantics
2467 =item Effects of Character Semantics
2473 =item User-Defined Character Properties
2475 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
2477 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2479 =item Unicode Encodings
2481 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2483 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2487 =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
2489 =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
2491 =item Using Unicode in XS
2499 =item Interaction with Locales
2501 =item Interaction with Extensions
2505 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
2513 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2519 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2527 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2531 =item 13 variant characters
2539 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2541 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2543 =item Unicode and UTF
2549 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2551 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2553 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2567 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2569 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2571 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2573 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2581 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2583 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2585 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2587 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2591 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2595 =item URL decoding and encoding
2597 =item uu encoding and decoding
2599 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2601 =item Caesarian ciphers
2605 =item Hashing order and checksums
2609 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2621 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2641 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2649 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2651 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2653 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2657 =item Protecting Your Programs
2661 =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
2669 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2681 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2687 =item Making your module threadsafe
2695 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2705 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2706 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2720 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2724 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2728 =item Pragmatic Modules
2730 assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
2731 bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding,
2732 fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re,
2733 sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version,
2734 vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2736 =item Standard Modules
2738 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2739 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2740 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2741 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2742 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2743 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2744 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf,
2745 Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5,
2746 DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte,
2747 Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config,
2748 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess,
2749 Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR,
2750 Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO,
2751 Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode,
2752 Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2753 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
2754 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2755 ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
2756 ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2757 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2758 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2759 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
2760 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish,
2761 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2762 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2763 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2764 File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
2765 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2766 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2767 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File,
2768 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
2769 I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
2770 IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
2771 IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg,
2772 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
2773 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
2774 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
2775 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2776 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::Scalar, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex,
2777 Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2778 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2779 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
2780 Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
2781 Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
2782 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
2783 PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint,
2784 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
2785 Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
2786 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
2787 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
2788 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
2789 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
2790 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
2791 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2792 Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2793 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
2794 Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps,
2795 Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
2796 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
2797 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
2798 Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
2799 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
2800 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
2801 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
2804 =item Extension Modules
2818 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
2819 Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan
2821 =item Central America
2827 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
2828 Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
2829 Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
2830 Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United
2835 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
2836 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
2837 Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey,
2838 New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas,
2839 Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
2843 Australia, New Zealand, United States
2847 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
2853 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2857 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2859 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2861 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2869 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2875 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2879 =item Before you start
2887 =item Release considerations
2891 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2895 =item Has it been done before?
2897 =item Do one thing and do it well
2899 =item What's in a name?
2903 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2907 =item To OO or not to OO?
2909 =item Designing your API
2911 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2912 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2915 =item Strictness and warnings
2917 =item Backwards compatibility
2919 =item Error handling and messages
2923 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2929 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2931 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
2932 perl Build test, perl Build install
2936 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2940 =item Version numbering
2942 =item Pre-requisites
2952 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2956 =item Reinventing the wheel
2958 =item Trying to do too much
2960 =item Inappropriate documentation
2966 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
2967 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
2974 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2984 =item What should I make into a module?
2986 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2988 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2990 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2992 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2993 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2994 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2996 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2998 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2999 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
3009 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
3010 2003/07/09 15:47:28 $)
3020 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
3022 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
3024 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
3026 =item What is Ponie?
3028 =item What is perl6?
3030 =item How stable is Perl?
3032 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
3034 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
3037 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
3039 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
3041 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
3043 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
3045 =item What is a JAPH?
3047 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
3049 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
3050 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
3054 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3058 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.20 $,
3059 $Date: 2003/01/26 17:50:56 $)
3067 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
3069 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
3071 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
3073 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
3076 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
3077 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
3079 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
3080 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
3082 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
3084 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
3086 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
3088 =item Where should I post source code?
3092 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
3094 =item Perl in Magazines
3096 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
3098 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
3100 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
3102 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
3104 =item Where do I send bug reports?
3106 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
3110 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3114 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.33 $, $Date: 2003/01/31
3123 =item How do I do (anything)?
3125 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
3127 =item Is there a Perl shell?
3129 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
3131 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
3133 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
3135 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
3137 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
3139 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
3141 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
3143 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
3144 GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
3145 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
3147 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
3149 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
3151 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
3153 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
3155 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
3157 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
3159 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
3161 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
3162 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
3164 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
3166 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3168 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3170 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3172 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3174 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3176 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3178 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3180 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3182 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3184 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3186 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3188 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3189 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3191 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3193 =item What's MakeMaker?
3197 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3201 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.44 $, $Date: 2003/07/28
3212 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3213 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3215 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3217 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3220 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3222 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
3223 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
3224 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
3225 from decimal to binary
3227 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3229 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3231 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3233 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3235 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3237 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3245 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
3247 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3249 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3251 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3253 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3255 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3263 =item How do I validate input?
3265 =item How do I unescape a string?
3267 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3269 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3271 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3273 =item How do I reverse a string?
3275 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3277 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3279 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
3281 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3283 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3286 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3288 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3291 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3293 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3295 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3297 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3299 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3301 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3303 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
3305 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
3306 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3315 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3317 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3319 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3323 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3326 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3327 intersection of two arrays?
3329 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3331 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3333 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3335 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3337 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3339 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3341 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3343 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3345 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3347 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3349 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3353 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3357 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3359 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3362 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3364 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3366 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3368 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3370 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3372 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3374 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3376 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3378 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3380 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3382 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3385 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3386 array of hashes or arrays?
3388 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3396 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3398 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3400 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3402 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3404 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3406 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3408 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3412 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3416 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
3425 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3427 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3428 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3430 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3432 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
3434 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3436 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3438 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3439 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3441 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3443 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3445 =item How can I write() into a string?
3447 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3449 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3451 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3453 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
3456 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3458 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3460 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3462 =item How can I lock a file?
3464 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
3466 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3467 the file. How can I do this?
3469 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3470 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3472 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3474 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3476 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3478 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3480 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3482 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3484 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3486 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3488 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3490 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3492 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3494 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3495 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3497 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3499 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3500 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3502 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3504 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3508 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3512 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03
3521 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3522 and unmaintainable code?
3524 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3526 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3528 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3531 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3533 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3536 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3538 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3540 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3542 =item What is C</o> really for?
3544 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3547 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3549 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3551 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3553 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3555 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3557 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3559 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3561 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3563 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3565 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3567 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3569 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3571 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3575 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3579 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date:
3580 2003/07/24 02:17:21 $)
3588 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3590 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3593 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3596 =item How do I skip some return values?
3598 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3600 =item What's an extension?
3602 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3604 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3606 =item How do I create a module?
3608 =item How do I create a class?
3610 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3612 =item What's a closure?
3614 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3616 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3619 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3622 =item How do I create a static variable?
3624 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3625 Between local() and my()?
3627 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3630 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3632 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
3634 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3636 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3638 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3640 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
3643 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3645 =item How can I find out my current package?
3647 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3649 =item How do I clear a package?
3651 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3653 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
3657 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3661 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
3670 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3672 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3674 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3676 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3678 =item How do I print something out in color?
3680 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3682 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3684 =item How do I clear the screen?
3686 =item How do I get the screen size?
3688 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3690 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3692 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3694 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3696 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3698 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3700 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3702 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3704 =item How do I set the time and date?
3706 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3708 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3710 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3712 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3713 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3715 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3717 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3719 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3721 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3723 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3725 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3727 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3729 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3731 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3733 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3736 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3738 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3740 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3742 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3745 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3746 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3747 changes to be visible?
3751 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3754 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3756 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3758 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3760 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3762 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3764 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3766 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3768 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3770 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3772 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3774 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3776 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3779 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3781 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3785 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3789 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57
3798 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3800 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3803 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3805 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3807 =item How do I extract URLs?
3809 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3810 file on another machine?
3812 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3814 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3816 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3818 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3820 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3822 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3824 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3826 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3827 CGI script to do bad things?
3829 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3831 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3833 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3835 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3837 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3839 =item How do I send mail?
3841 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3843 =item How do I read mail?
3845 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3847 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3849 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3851 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3855 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3859 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3869 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3873 =item Using The Back Ends
3877 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3881 =item The Decompiling Back End
3883 =item The Lint Back End
3885 =item The Simple C Back End
3887 =item The Bytecode Back End
3889 =item The Optimized C Back End
3893 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3895 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3896 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3897 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3899 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3905 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3915 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3916 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3920 =item Compiling your C program
3922 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3924 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3926 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3928 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3930 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3932 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3934 =item Execution of END blocks
3936 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3938 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3943 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3955 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3961 =item Debugger Internals
3965 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3969 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3971 =item Debugging regular expressions
3975 =item Compile-time output
3977 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3978 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3979 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3982 =item Types of nodes
3984 =item Run-time output
3988 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3992 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3994 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3995 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3998 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
4000 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
4002 =item B<-DL> details
4006 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
4014 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
4026 =item Version caveat
4028 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
4040 =item What has gone on?
4042 =item Writing good test scripts
4046 =item What's new here?
4048 =item Input and Output Parameters
4050 =item The XSUBPP Program
4052 =item The TYPEMAP file
4054 =item Warning about Output Arguments
4058 =item What has happened here?
4060 =item Anatomy of .xs file
4062 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
4064 =item More about XSUB arguments
4066 =item The Argument Stack
4068 =item Extending your Extension
4070 =item Documenting your Extension
4072 =item Installing your Extension
4076 =item New Things in this Example
4080 =item New Things in this Example
4082 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
4084 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
4086 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
4088 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
4104 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
4116 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
4118 =item The Argument Stack
4120 =item The RETVAL Variable
4122 =item The MODULE Keyword
4124 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4126 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4128 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4130 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4132 =item The CODE: Keyword
4134 =item The INIT: Keyword
4136 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4138 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4140 =item Default Parameter Values
4142 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4144 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4146 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4148 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4150 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4152 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4154 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4156 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4158 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4160 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4162 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4164 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4166 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4168 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4170 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4172 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4174 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4176 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4178 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
4180 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4182 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4184 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4186 =item The CASE: Keyword
4188 =item The & Unary Operator
4190 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4192 =item Using XS With C++
4194 =item Interface Strategy
4196 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4200 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4202 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4214 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4224 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4226 =item File Operations
4228 =item File Input and Output
4230 =item File Positioning
4232 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4234 =item Character Class Tests
4236 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4238 =item Miscellaneous functions
4246 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4258 =item What is an "IV"?
4260 =item Working with SVs
4264 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4266 =item Working with AVs
4268 =item Working with HVs
4270 =item Hash API Extensions
4272 =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
4276 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4278 =item Creating New Variables
4280 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4282 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4284 =item Stashes and Globs
4286 =item Double-Typed SVs
4288 =item Magic Variables
4290 =item Assigning Magic
4292 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4296 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4298 =item Localizing changes
4300 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4301 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4302 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4303 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4304 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4305 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4306 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4307 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4308 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4309 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4317 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4319 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4321 =item Memory Allocation
4325 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4329 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4339 =item Examining the tree
4341 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4343 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4345 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4347 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4349 =item Pluggable runops
4353 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4355 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4359 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4361 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4363 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4365 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4367 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4371 =item Internal Functions
4373 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4377 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4379 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4381 =item Source Documentation
4385 =item Unicode Support
4389 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4391 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4393 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4395 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4397 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4399 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4403 =item Custom Operators
4411 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4417 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4419 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4421 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4441 =item Determining the Context
4445 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4451 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4453 =item Passing Parameters
4455 =item Returning a Scalar
4457 =item Returning a list of values
4459 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4461 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4465 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4469 =item Using call_argv
4471 =item Using call_method
4475 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4477 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4479 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4480 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4483 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4485 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4497 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4507 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4508 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4509 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4510 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4514 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4516 =item Administration
4518 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4522 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4523 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4531 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4541 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4543 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4545 B<Decryption Filters>
4547 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4549 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4551 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4555 =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
4557 Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
4567 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4575 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4576 B<filter_fetch_value>
4582 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4584 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4594 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4600 =item "Gimme" Values
4602 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4604 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4606 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4607 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4608 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4610 =item Callback Functions
4612 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4613 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4615 =item Character classes
4617 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4619 =item Cloning an interpreter
4623 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4625 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4627 =item Embedding Functions
4629 cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
4630 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4632 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4634 packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str
4636 =item Global Variables
4638 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4642 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4643 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4647 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4649 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4651 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4652 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4653 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4654 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4655 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4657 =item Magical Functions
4659 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4660 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4661 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4663 =item Memory Management
4665 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4666 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4668 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4670 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, new_version, scan_version, strEQ,
4671 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking,
4672 sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, upg_version, vcmp, vnumify, vstringify
4674 =item Numeric functions
4676 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4679 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4681 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4683 =item Pad Data Structures
4687 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4689 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4690 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4691 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4692 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4693 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4697 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4699 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4701 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4702 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4703 SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off,
4704 SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW,
4705 SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
4706 SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX,
4707 SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
4708 SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
4709 SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
4710 SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
4711 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
4712 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on,
4713 SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on,
4714 SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, SvVOK, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal,
4715 sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen,
4716 sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
4717 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg,
4718 sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear,
4719 sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from,
4720 sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow,
4721 sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8,
4722 sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4723 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4724 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4725 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
4726 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
4727 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
4728 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
4729 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
4730 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
4731 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
4732 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
4733 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4735 =item Unicode Support
4737 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4738 pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display,
4739 to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper,
4740 utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length,
4741 utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4744 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4746 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4747 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4749 =item Warning and Dieing
4759 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4766 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
4770 =item Functions in file pad.h
4772 CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS,
4773 PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH,
4774 PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL,
4775 PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR, PAD_SV,
4776 PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV
4778 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
4782 =item Global Variables
4784 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4795 =item Pad Data Structures
4797 CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
4798 pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
4799 pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
4800 pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
4802 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4806 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4808 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4816 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4826 =item History and Background
4828 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4830 =item Data Structures
4832 =item Functions and Attributes
4834 =item Per-instance Data
4836 =item Layers in action.
4838 =item Per-instance flag bits
4840 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4841 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4842 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4843 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4845 =item Methods in Detail
4847 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4848 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4849 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4850 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4853 =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
4855 C implementations, Perl implementations
4859 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4861 =item Extension Layers
4863 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4871 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4879 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4880 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4881 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4882 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4883 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4884 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4885 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4886 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4887 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4888 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4889 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4893 =item Co-existence with stdio
4895 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4896 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4898 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4900 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4901 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4902 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4903 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4905 =item Other Functions
4907 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4908 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4914 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4920 =item To do during 5.6.x
4924 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4926 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4928 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4930 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4932 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4936 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4938 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
4940 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4942 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4944 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4946 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4948 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4950 =item Complete signal handling
4952 =item Out-of-source builds
4954 =item POSIX realtime support
4956 =item UNIX98 support
4960 =item Long double conversion
4964 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4966 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4968 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4970 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4972 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4974 =item Custom opcodes
4976 =item DLL Versioning
4978 =item Introduce @( and @)
4980 =item Floating point handling
4982 =item IV/UV preservation
4984 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4986 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4988 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4990 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4992 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4994 =item Document Win32 choices
4996 =item Check new modules
4998 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
5002 =item To do at some point
5006 =item Remove regular expression recursion
5008 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
5010 =item bitfields in pack
5012 =item Cross compilation
5014 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
5016 =item Perl lexer in Perl
5018 =item Using POSIX calls internally
5020 =item -i rename file when changed
5022 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
5024 =item Support for rerunning debugger
5026 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
5028 =item my sub foo { }
5030 =item One-pass global destruction
5032 =item Rewrite regexp parser
5034 =item Cache recently used regexps
5036 =item Cross-compilation support
5038 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
5040 =item debugger pragma
5042 =item use less pragma
5044 =item switch structures
5046 =item Cache eval tree
5050 =item Shrink opcode tables
5052 =item Optimize away @_
5054 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
5058 =item Prototype method calls
5060 =item Return context prototype declarations
5064 =item Garbage collection
5068 =item Rewrite perldoc
5070 =item Install .3p manpages
5072 =item Unicode tutorial
5074 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
5076 =item Retargetable installation
5078 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
5080 =item Rename Win32 headers
5082 =item Finish off lvalue functions
5084 =item Update sprintf documentation
5086 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
5088 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
5090 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
5092 =item Should overload be inheritable?
5096 =item Perform correctly when XSUBs call subroutines that exit via
5097 goto(LABEL) and friends
5105 =item ref() in list context
5107 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
5109 =item Compile to real threaded code
5111 =item Structured types
5113 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
5115 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
5119 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
5123 =item foreach(reverse ...)
5125 =item Constant function cache
5127 =item Approximate regular expression matching
5135 =item Update guts documentation
5137 =item Add more tests
5139 =item Update auxiliary tools
5141 =item Create debugging macros
5143 =item truncate to the people
5145 =item Unicode in Filenames
5149 =item Unicode in %ENV
5151 =item Recently done things
5155 =item Alternative RE syntax module
5157 =item Safe signal handling
5163 =item setitimer and getimiter
5165 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5167 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5169 =item Explicit switch statements
5177 =item perlcc to produce executable
5179 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5181 =item Secure temporary file module
5183 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5185 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5187 =item Mmap for input
5189 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
5191 =item Add sockatmark support
5193 =item Mailing list archives
5197 =item Integrate MacPerl
5199 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5201 =item Regular expression tutorial
5203 =item Debugging Tutorial
5205 =item Integrate new modules
5207 =item Integrate profiler
5209 =item Y2K error detection
5211 =item Regular expression debugger
5215 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5217 =item Cache precompiled modules
5221 =item Deprecated Wishes
5225 =item Loop control on do{}
5227 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5233 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5235 =item Named prototypes
5237 =item Built-in globbing
5239 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5241 =item Cached hash values
5243 =item Add compression modules
5245 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5247 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5249 =item Make XS easier to use
5251 =item Make embedding easier to use
5255 =item my $Package::variable
5257 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5259 =item "class"-based lexicals
5263 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5265 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5267 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5269 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5275 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5281 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5282 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5283 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5284 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5285 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5286 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5287 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5291 =item Keeping in sync
5293 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5294 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5296 =item Why rsync the source tree
5298 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
5300 =item Why rsync the patches
5302 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5303 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5305 =item Perlbug administration
5307 =item Submitting patches
5309 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5310 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5312 =item Finding Your Way Around
5314 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5316 =item Elements of the interpreter
5318 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5320 =item Internal Variable Types
5326 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5328 =item Millions of Macros
5330 =item The .i Targets
5332 =item Poking at Perl
5334 =item Using a source-level debugger
5336 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5337 finish, 'enter', print
5339 =item gdb macro support
5341 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5345 =item Patching a core module
5347 =item Adding a new function to the core
5349 =item Writing a test
5351 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5352 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
5353 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5355 =item Special Make Test Targets
5357 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
5358 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8,
5361 =item Running tests by hand
5363 PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
5367 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5371 =item Rational Software's Purify
5373 =item Purify on Unix
5375 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5379 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5381 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5383 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5387 =item Gprof Profiling
5389 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5391 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5393 =item Pixie Profiling
5395 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5398 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5402 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5410 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
5420 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
5421 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
5422 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
5423 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>,
5424 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
5435 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5443 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5455 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5457 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5461 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5465 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
5471 =item Incompatible Changes
5475 =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
5479 =item Core Enhancements
5483 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5487 =item Modules and Pragmata
5489 =item Utility Changes
5491 =item New Documentation
5493 =item Performance Enhancements
5495 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5497 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5499 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5501 =item Changed Internals
5505 =item Known Problems
5507 =item Platform Specific Problems
5509 =item Reporting Bugs
5515 =head2 perl58delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5521 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5523 =item Incompatible Changes
5527 =item Binary Incompatibility
5529 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5531 =item AIX Dynaloading
5533 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
5535 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5537 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5539 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
5541 =item New Unicode Properties
5543 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5545 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5547 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
5553 =item Core Enhancements
5557 =item Unicode Overhaul
5559 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5563 =item Restricted Hashes
5567 =item Understanding of Numbers
5569 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5571 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5575 =item Modules and Pragmata
5579 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5581 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5585 =item Utility Changes
5587 =item New Documentation
5589 =item Performance Enhancements
5591 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5595 =item Generic Improvements
5597 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5601 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5605 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5609 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5611 =item Changed Internals
5613 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
5617 =item Known Problems
5621 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5623 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5625 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5627 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5629 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5631 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5633 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5635 =item PDL failing some tests
5639 =item Self-tying Problems
5641 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5643 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5645 =item Timing problems
5647 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
5649 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
5653 =item Platform Specific Problems
5659 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5665 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
5667 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
5669 =item DJGPP Failures
5671 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
5673 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
5675 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
5677 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5679 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5681 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5685 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
5687 =item OS/2 Test Failures
5689 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5695 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
5697 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
5699 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5711 =item XML::Parser not working
5715 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5717 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5721 =item Reporting Bugs
5729 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
5737 =item Reporting Bugs
5745 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5751 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5753 =item Incompatible Changes
5757 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5759 =item AIX Dynaloading
5761 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5763 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5769 =item Core Enhancements
5771 =item Modules and Pragmata
5775 =item New Modules and Distributions
5777 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5781 =item Utility Changes
5783 =item New Documentation
5785 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5789 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5791 =item Generic Improvements
5795 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5799 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5803 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5805 =item Source Code Enhancements
5809 =item MAGIC constants
5811 =item Better commented code
5813 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5821 =item Known Problems
5827 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5829 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5831 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5833 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5835 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5837 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5841 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5843 =item Failure of Thread tests
5853 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5855 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5857 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5859 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5861 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5863 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5867 =item Reporting Bugs
5875 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5881 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5883 =item Incompatible Changes
5885 =item Core Enhancements
5889 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5891 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5893 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5897 =item Modules and Pragmata
5903 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5907 =item Performance Enhancements
5909 =item Utility Changes
5911 =item New Documentation
5927 =item README.solaris
5931 =item Porting/repository.pod
5935 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5939 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5941 =item Generic Improvements
5943 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5944 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5945 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5949 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5953 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5957 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5959 =item Changed Internals
5963 =item Known Problems
5967 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5969 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5971 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5973 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5977 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5979 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5981 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5983 =item Failure of Thread tests
5985 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5987 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5989 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5991 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5995 =item Reporting Bugs
6003 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
6009 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6011 =item Incompatible Changes
6013 =item Core Enhancements
6015 =item Modules and Pragmata
6021 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6025 =item Utility Changes
6027 =item New Documentation
6029 =item Performance Enhancements
6031 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6035 =item Generic Improvements
6039 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6043 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6047 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6049 =item Changed Internals
6051 =item Known Problems
6055 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
6057 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
6059 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6061 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6063 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6065 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
6067 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6069 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
6071 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
6073 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6077 =item Reporting Bugs
6085 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
6091 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
6095 =item Security Issues
6097 =item Core bug fixes
6099 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
6100 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
6101 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
6102 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
6103 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
6104 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
6109 =item Configuration issues
6113 =item Bundled modules
6115 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
6116 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
6117 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
6118 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
6120 =item Platform-specific improvements
6122 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
6126 =item Core Enhancements
6130 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6132 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6134 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6136 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6138 =item "our" declarations
6140 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6142 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6144 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6146 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6148 =item open() with more than two arguments
6150 =item 64-bit support
6152 =item Large file support
6158 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6160 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6162 =item File globbing implemented internally
6164 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6166 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6168 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6170 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6172 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6174 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6176 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6178 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6180 =item Comments in pack() templates
6182 =item Weak references
6184 =item Binary numbers supported
6186 =item Lvalue subroutines
6188 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6190 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6192 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6194 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6196 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6198 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6200 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6202 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6204 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6206 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6208 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6210 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6212 =item Improved diagnostics
6214 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6216 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6218 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6220 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6222 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6224 =item Improved security features
6226 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6228 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6230 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6232 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6234 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6236 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6238 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6242 =item Modules and Pragmata
6248 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6249 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6250 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6251 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6252 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6253 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6254 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6255 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6261 =item Utility Changes
6275 =item The Perl Debugger
6279 =item Improved Documentation
6281 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6282 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6283 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6284 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6286 =item Performance enhancements
6290 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6292 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6294 =item Faster subroutine calls
6296 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6300 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6304 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6306 =item New Configure flags
6308 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6314 =item -Duselargefiles
6316 =item installusrbinperl
6322 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6324 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6328 =item Platform specific changes
6332 =item Supported platforms
6336 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6344 =item Significant bug fixes
6348 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6350 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6352 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6354 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6356 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6358 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6360 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6362 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6364 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6366 =item Locale bugs fixed
6370 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6372 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6374 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6376 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6380 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6382 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6383 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6384 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6385 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6386 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6387 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6388 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6389 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6390 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6391 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6392 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6393 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6394 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6395 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6396 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6397 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6398 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6399 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6400 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6401 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6402 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6403 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6404 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6405 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6406 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6407 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6408 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6409 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6410 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6411 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6412 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6413 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6414 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6415 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6416 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6417 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6418 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6419 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6420 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6421 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6422 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6423 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6424 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6425 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6426 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6427 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6428 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6429 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6430 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6431 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6435 =item Incompatible Changes
6439 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6441 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6442 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6443 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6444 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6445 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6446 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6447 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6448 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6449 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6450 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6451 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6453 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6455 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6457 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6459 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6461 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6465 =item Known Problems
6469 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6471 =item Known test failures
6473 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6475 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6477 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6479 =item Experimental features
6481 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6482 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6483 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6487 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6489 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6490 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6491 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6492 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6494 =item Reporting Bugs
6502 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6508 =item Core Enhancements
6512 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6514 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6516 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6518 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6520 =item "our" declarations
6522 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6524 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6526 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6528 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6530 =item open() with more than two arguments
6532 =item 64-bit support
6534 =item Large file support
6540 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6542 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6544 =item File globbing implemented internally
6546 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6548 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6550 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6552 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6554 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6556 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6558 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6560 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6562 =item Comments in pack() templates
6564 =item Weak references
6566 =item Binary numbers supported
6568 =item Lvalue subroutines
6570 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6572 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6574 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6576 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6578 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6580 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6582 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6584 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6586 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6588 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6590 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6592 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6594 =item Improved diagnostics
6596 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6598 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6600 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6602 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6604 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6606 =item Improved security features
6608 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6610 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6612 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6614 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6616 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6618 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6620 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6624 =item Modules and Pragmata
6630 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6631 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6632 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6633 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6634 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6635 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6636 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6637 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6643 =item Utility Changes
6657 =item The Perl Debugger
6661 =item Improved Documentation
6663 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6664 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6665 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6666 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6668 =item Performance enhancements
6672 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6674 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6676 =item Faster subroutine calls
6678 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6682 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6686 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6688 =item New Configure flags
6690 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6696 =item -Duselargefiles
6698 =item installusrbinperl
6704 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6708 =item Platform specific changes
6712 =item Supported platforms
6716 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6724 =item Significant bug fixes
6728 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6730 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6732 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6734 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6736 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6738 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6740 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6742 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6744 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6746 =item Locale bugs fixed
6750 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6752 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6754 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6756 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6760 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6762 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6763 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6764 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6765 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6766 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6767 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6768 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6769 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6770 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6771 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6772 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6773 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6774 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6775 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6776 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6777 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6778 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6779 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6780 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6781 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6782 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6783 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6784 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6785 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6786 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6787 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6788 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6789 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6790 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6791 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6792 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6793 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6794 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6795 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6796 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6797 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6798 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6799 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6800 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6801 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6802 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6803 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6804 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6805 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6806 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6807 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6808 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6809 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6810 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6811 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6815 =item Incompatible Changes
6819 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6821 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6822 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6823 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6824 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6825 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6826 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6827 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6828 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6829 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6830 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6831 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6833 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6835 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6837 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6839 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6841 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6845 =item Known Problems
6849 =item Thread test failures
6851 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6853 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6855 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6857 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6860 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6862 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6864 =item Experimental features
6866 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6867 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6868 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6872 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6874 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6875 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6876 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6877 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6879 =item Reporting Bugs
6887 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6893 =item About the new versioning system
6895 =item Incompatible Changes
6899 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6901 =item Default installation structure has changed
6903 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6905 =item C Source Compatibility
6907 =item Binary Compatibility
6909 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6911 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6925 =item Regular Expressions
6927 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6928 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6929 improvements, Incompatible changes
6931 =item Improved malloc()
6933 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6935 =item Reliable signals
6937 =item Reliable stack pointers
6939 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6943 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6945 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6947 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6949 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6951 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6953 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6955 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6957 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6959 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6961 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6963 =item Better locale support
6965 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6967 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6969 =item Extended support for exception handling
6971 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6973 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6975 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6977 =item New C<lock> keyword
6979 =item New C<qr//> operator
6981 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6983 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6985 =item Tied handles support is better
6987 =item 4th argument to substr
6989 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6991 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6993 =item <> now reads in records
6997 =item Supported Platforms
7003 =item Changes in existing support
7007 =item Modules and Pragmata
7013 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
7014 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
7015 Thread, attrs, fields, re
7017 =item Changes in existing modules
7019 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
7020 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
7024 =item Utility Changes
7026 =item Documentation Changes
7028 =item New Diagnostics
7030 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
7031 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
7032 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
7033 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
7034 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
7035 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
7036 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
7037 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
7038 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
7039 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
7040 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
7041 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
7042 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
7043 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
7044 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
7045 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
7046 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
7048 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7050 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
7051 temporary file, regexp too big
7053 =item Configuration Changes
7063 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
7069 =item Supported Environments
7075 =item List assignment to %ENV works
7077 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
7079 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
7081 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
7083 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
7085 =item More precise warnings
7087 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
7089 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
7091 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
7093 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
7095 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
7097 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
7099 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
7101 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
7103 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
7105 =item Changes to tainting checks
7107 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
7108 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
7110 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
7112 =item Embedding improvements
7114 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
7116 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
7118 =item New and changed syntax
7122 =item New and changed builtin constants
7126 =item New and changed builtin variables
7130 =item New and changed builtin functions
7132 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
7133 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
7134 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
7135 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
7136 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
7138 =item New builtin methods
7140 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
7142 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
7144 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
7145 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
7147 =item Malloc enhancements
7149 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
7151 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
7155 =item Support for More Operating Systems
7171 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
7172 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
7178 =item Required Updates
7180 =item Installation directories
7182 =item Module information summary
7196 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
7200 =item Utility Changes
7206 Sends converted HTML to standard output
7210 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
7214 =item C Language API Changes
7216 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
7219 =item Documentation Changes
7221 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
7222 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
7224 =item New Diagnostics
7226 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
7227 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
7228 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
7229 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
7230 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
7231 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
7232 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
7233 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
7234 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
7235 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
7236 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
7237 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
7238 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
7239 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
7240 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
7241 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
7242 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
7243 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
7244 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
7245 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
7246 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
7247 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
7248 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
7249 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
7250 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
7260 =head2 perlartistic -- the Perl Artistic License
7268 =item The "Artistic License"
7276 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
7277 copying fee", "Freely Available"
7281 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
7287 =head2 perlgpl -- the GNU Public General Public License, version 2
7299 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7303 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7311 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7315 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7317 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7319 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7321 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7327 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7337 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
7347 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7363 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7365 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7367 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7369 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7375 =item Accessing documentation
7379 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7381 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7383 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7385 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7389 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7393 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7395 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7397 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7399 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7401 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7405 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7413 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7421 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7423 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7427 =item Contact Information
7429 =item Update 2002-05-30
7435 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7445 =item gzip on BS2000
7447 =item bison on BS2000
7449 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7451 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7453 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7455 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7457 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7459 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7461 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7491 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
7492 celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources
7496 go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run
7501 =item Acknowledgements
7507 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7513 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7517 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7519 =item Cygwin Configuration
7521 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7525 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7529 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7531 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7533 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7534 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7536 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7538 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7539 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7542 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7544 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7548 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7552 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7558 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7562 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7564 =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
7566 =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
7568 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7570 Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
7574 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7576 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7578 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7579 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7581 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7589 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7601 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7605 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7607 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7609 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7611 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7621 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7631 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7635 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7637 =item Building Perl on DOS
7639 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7641 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7645 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7649 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7651 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7653 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7655 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7665 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7673 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7675 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7679 =item Editors on Epoc
7681 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7683 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7685 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7689 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7697 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
7705 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
7707 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
7709 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
7717 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7726 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7728 =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
7730 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7742 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7744 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7746 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7748 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7750 =item The GNU C Compiler
7752 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7754 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7756 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7758 =item Oracle on HP-UX
7760 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7762 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7764 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7766 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7770 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7778 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7786 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7794 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
7802 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
7804 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
7806 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
7808 =item Linker Problems in Irix
7810 =item Malloc in Irix
7812 =item Building with threads in Irix
7822 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7831 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7833 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7835 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7837 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7847 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7861 =head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
7869 =item INSTALLATION PREFIX
7871 =item LIBPERL AND PREBINDING
7873 =item UPDATING PANTHER
7887 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7893 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7899 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7907 =item Binary distribution from HP
7909 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7911 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7913 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7915 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7917 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7919 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7920 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7922 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7926 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7928 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7930 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7932 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7934 =item Perl/iX Change History
7950 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
7962 =item Build new extensions
7964 =item Acknowledgements
7972 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7992 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7994 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7996 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
8000 =item Frequently asked questions
8004 =item "It does not work"
8006 =item I cannot run external programs
8008 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
8011 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
8014 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
8016 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
8024 =item Automatic binary installation
8026 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
8028 =item Manual binary installation
8030 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
8031 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
8032 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
8033 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
8034 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
8040 =item Accessing documentation
8044 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
8052 =item GNU C<info> files
8064 =item The short story
8068 =item Getting perl source
8070 =item Application of the patches
8078 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
8081 =item Installing the built perl
8083 =item C<a.out>-style build
8091 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
8093 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
8095 =item Problems with tr or sed
8097 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
8099 =item Library ... not found
8101 =item Segfault in make
8103 =item op/sprintf test failure
8107 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
8111 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
8115 =item C<extproc> on the first line
8117 =item Additional modules:
8119 =item Prebuilt methods:
8121 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
8122 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
8123 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
8124 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
8125 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
8126 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
8127 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
8128 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
8129 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
8130 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
8131 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
8132 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
8134 =item Prebuilt variables:
8136 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
8143 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
8146 =item Identifying DLLs
8148 =item Centralized management of resources
8150 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
8151 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
8152 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
8153 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
8167 =item F<perl___.exe>
8169 =item Why strange names?
8171 =item Why dynamic linking?
8173 =item Why chimera build?
8181 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
8183 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
8185 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
8187 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
8189 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
8191 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
8199 =item Text-mode filehandles
8203 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
8205 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
8207 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
8210 =item DLL forwarder generation
8214 =item Calls to external programs
8216 =item Memory allocation
8220 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
8236 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
8249 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
8251 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
8253 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
8255 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
8257 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8259 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8261 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8263 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
8265 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8267 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
8277 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
8285 =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
8293 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
8295 =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
8297 =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
8299 =item Known Problems
8309 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
8317 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
8319 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
8321 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
8323 =item QNX auxiliary files
8327 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
8335 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
8345 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
8347 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
8349 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
8351 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
8355 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
8359 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
8371 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
8379 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
8385 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
8391 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
8393 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
8395 =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
8399 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
8403 =item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
8405 =item Threads in perl on Solaris.
8407 =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
8411 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
8413 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
8414 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
8415 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8421 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8423 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8427 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8429 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8433 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8437 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8439 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8443 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8445 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8447 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8457 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8458 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8466 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8468 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8470 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8472 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8474 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
8476 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8478 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8482 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8484 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8486 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8492 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8500 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8502 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8508 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8518 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8520 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8522 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8524 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8526 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8536 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8542 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8550 =item Organization of Perl Images
8556 =item Perl Extensions
8558 =item Installing static extensions
8560 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8564 =item File specifications
8570 =item Wildcard expansion
8576 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8582 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8584 =item Command line switches
8590 =item Perl functions
8592 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8593 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8594 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8595 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8597 =item Perl variables
8599 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8601 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8615 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8621 =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
8623 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8625 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8629 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8631 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8637 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8645 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8655 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8657 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8658 SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW32 with gcc, MinGW release 1
8662 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8664 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8666 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8668 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8669 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8670 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
8672 =item Running Perl Scripts
8674 Miscellaneous Things
8678 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8682 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8683 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8684 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8692 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8694 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8706 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8716 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8717 data structures between threads
8729 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8730 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8742 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8751 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8752 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
8753 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
8757 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8763 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
8764 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8766 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8772 =head2 assertions - select assertions in blocks of code
8784 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
8788 =head2 assertions::activate - activate assertions
8800 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
8804 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8814 =item Built-in Attributes
8816 locked, method, lvalue
8818 =item Available Subroutines
8822 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8824 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8826 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8834 =item Default exports
8836 =item Available exports
8838 =item Export tags defined
8848 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8860 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8876 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8890 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
8902 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8906 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8928 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8940 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8946 inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
8950 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8968 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRationale support for Perl
8992 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8993 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8994 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8995 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8996 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
9006 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
9020 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
9033 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
9042 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
9044 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
9048 =item Anonymous hashes
9052 =item Alias shortcut
9056 =item charnames::viacode(code)
9058 =item charnames::vianame(name)
9062 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
9068 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
9080 =item List constants
9082 =item Defining multiple constants at once
9084 =item Magic constants
9088 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
9098 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
9109 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
9111 =item The I<splain> Program
9125 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
9135 =item Literal Conversions
9137 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
9141 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
9143 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
9147 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
9148 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
9150 =item The Filter Option
9154 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
9164 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
9166 =item tr/// with ranges
9168 Legend of characters above
9172 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
9174 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
9176 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
9184 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
9198 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
9208 =item subpragma access
9214 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
9228 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
9239 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
9249 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
9259 =item Adding directories to @INC
9261 =item Deleting directories from @INC
9263 =item Restoring original @INC
9277 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
9288 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
9296 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
9298 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
9304 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
9316 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
9326 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
9328 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
9330 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
9332 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
9334 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
9336 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
9338 =item Overloadable Operations
9340 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
9341 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
9342 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
9344 =item Inheritance and overloading
9346 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
9347 is inherited by derived classes
9351 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
9359 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
9361 =item Copy Constructor
9367 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
9369 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
9370 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
9371 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
9374 =item Losing overloading
9376 =item Run-time Overloading
9378 =item Public functions
9380 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
9382 =item Overloading constants
9384 integer, float, binary, q, qr
9386 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9388 =item Metaphor clash
9394 =item Two-face scalars
9396 =item Two-face references
9398 =item Symbolic calculator
9400 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
9408 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
9409 type, `%s' is not a code reference
9415 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
9425 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
9437 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
9439 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
9443 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
9447 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
9455 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
9467 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
9475 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9481 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9491 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9500 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9501 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9502 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9506 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9512 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
9513 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
9515 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9521 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9522 structures between threads
9534 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9535 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9547 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9558 =item Utility functions
9560 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
9561 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9562 utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
9572 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9582 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
9592 =item What IS a version
9594 Numeric Versions, V-String Versions
9596 =item Numeric Versions
9598 =item V-String Versions
9600 =item Object Methods
9602 New Operator, Stringification, Numification, Comparison operators, Logical
9607 =item Types of Versions Objects
9609 Ordinary versions, alpha versions
9611 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
9623 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9631 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9635 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9643 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9644 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9645 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9646 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9647 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9651 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9661 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9663 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9673 =item DBM Comparisons
9683 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9693 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9697 =item Typed lexicals
9699 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9701 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9703 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9705 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9713 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9714 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9715 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9716 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9717 be able to apply END handler>
9727 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9737 =item Subroutine Stubs
9739 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9741 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9743 =item Package Lexicals
9745 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9747 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9757 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9765 $keep, $check, $modtime
9769 =item Multiple packages
9777 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9787 =item Utility Functions
9791 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
9794 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
9795 check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
9797 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
9799 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
9801 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
9803 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
9805 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
9807 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
9808 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9812 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9816 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9820 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
9824 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9838 =item B::PVMG Methods
9842 =item B::MAGIC Methods
9844 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9846 =item B::PVLV Methods
9848 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9852 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9856 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9857 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9861 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9862 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9866 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS
9870 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
9871 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
9875 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9877 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9881 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9883 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9887 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9891 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9895 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9899 =item B::PMOP Methods
9901 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9902 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
9904 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9908 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9912 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9916 =item B::LOOP Methods
9918 redoop, nextop, lastop
9920 =item B::COP Methods
9922 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io
9930 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9939 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9945 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9957 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9977 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9989 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
9999 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
10009 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
10010 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
10011 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
10022 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
10032 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
10033 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
10034 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
10046 =item Context of ".."
10050 =item Deprecated features
10058 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
10070 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
10071 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
10072 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
10074 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
10076 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
10077 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
10078 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
10079 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
10080 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
10081 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
10082 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
10083 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
10085 =item ABBREVIATIONS
10089 =item OP flags abbreviations
10091 =item OP class abbreviations
10095 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
10101 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
10113 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
10123 B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
10124 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
10126 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
10136 =item ambient_pragmas
10138 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
10150 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
10162 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
10170 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
10172 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<bare-subs>,
10173 B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
10174 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
10176 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
10186 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
10196 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10204 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
10216 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
10228 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
10230 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
10242 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
10252 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
10260 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10280 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
10294 =item Standard Exports
10296 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
10297 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
10298 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
10300 =item Optional Exports
10302 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
10303 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
10304 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
10306 =item :hireswallclock
10322 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
10326 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
10340 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10352 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10362 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
10374 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
10376 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
10378 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
10380 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
10382 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
10384 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
10386 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
10388 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
10390 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
10392 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
10394 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
10396 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
10398 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
10400 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
10402 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
10404 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
10406 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
10408 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
10409 B<:standard>, B<:all>
10413 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
10414 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
10417 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
10419 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
10420 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
10425 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
10429 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
10431 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
10433 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
10435 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
10437 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
10439 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
10441 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
10443 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
10444 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
10446 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
10450 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
10454 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
10456 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
10458 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
10460 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
10462 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
10464 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
10465 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
10467 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
10471 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
10475 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
10477 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
10479 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
10481 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
10485 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
10487 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
10489 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
10493 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
10495 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
10497 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
10501 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
10505 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
10509 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
10513 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
10517 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
10519 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
10521 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
10525 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
10527 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
10528 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
10530 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
10536 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
10537 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
10539 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
10541 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
10542 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
10545 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10551 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10555 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10557 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10558 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
10559 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
10560 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10561 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
10562 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10564 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10566 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
10571 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
10573 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
10575 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
10576 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
10578 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
10580 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10584 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
10585 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10586 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10587 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10588 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10589 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10590 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10591 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10592 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10593 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10594 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10595 ...and many many more..
10597 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10605 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10615 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10623 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10632 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10634 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10638 =item Changing the default message
10642 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10644 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
10652 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10660 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10662 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10666 =item Creating New Cookies
10668 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10670 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10672 =item Manipulating Cookies
10674 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10678 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10686 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10694 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10696 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10698 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10700 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10702 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10704 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10708 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10716 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10726 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10728 =item Customizing the Indenting
10740 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10748 =item USING CGI::Push
10750 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10754 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10756 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10760 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10762 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10770 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10780 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10788 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10796 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10802 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10814 =item Interactive Mode
10816 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10817 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10818 distribution, ls author, Signals
10826 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10828 =item Programmer's interface
10830 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10832 =item Methods in the other Classes
10834 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10835 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10836 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10837 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10838 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10839 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10840 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10841 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10842 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10843 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10844 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10845 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10846 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10847 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10848 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10849 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10850 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10851 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10852 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10853 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10854 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10855 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10856 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10857 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10858 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10859 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10861 =item Cache Manager
10865 =item Prerequisites
10867 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10871 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10875 =item CONFIGURATION
10877 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10878 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10879 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10880 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10884 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10886 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10894 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10896 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10900 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10902 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10904 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10910 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10922 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10932 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10945 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10955 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10963 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10965 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10975 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10976 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10977 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10979 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10987 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10997 =item The C<struct()> function
10999 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
11001 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
11003 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
11004 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
11006 =item Initializing with C<new>
11012 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
11014 =item Author and Modification History
11018 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
11026 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
11038 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
11042 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
11043 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
11044 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
11045 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
11049 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
11053 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
11054 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
11055 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
11056 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
11057 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
11058 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
11059 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
11063 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
11064 C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>,
11065 C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>,
11066 C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>,
11067 C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>,
11068 C<d_const>, C<d_copysignl>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>,
11069 C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>,
11070 C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>,
11071 C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>,
11072 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>,
11073 C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>,
11074 C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>,
11075 C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>,
11076 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
11077 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>,
11078 C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>,
11079 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>,
11080 C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>,
11081 C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>,
11082 C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>,
11083 C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>,
11084 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
11085 C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>,
11086 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>,
11087 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
11088 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
11089 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
11090 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
11091 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
11092 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
11093 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
11094 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
11095 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
11096 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
11097 C<d_htonl>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
11098 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
11099 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>,
11100 C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>,
11101 C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>,
11102 C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>,
11103 C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>,
11104 C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_modflproto>,
11105 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
11106 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
11107 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
11108 C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>,
11109 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
11110 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
11111 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
11112 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
11113 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
11114 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
11115 C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
11116 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
11117 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
11118 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
11119 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
11120 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>,
11121 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
11122 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
11123 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
11124 C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>,
11125 C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>,
11126 C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
11127 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>,
11128 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
11129 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
11130 C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
11131 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
11132 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
11133 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
11134 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>,
11135 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
11136 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
11137 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
11138 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
11139 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>,
11140 C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
11141 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
11142 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
11143 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
11144 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
11145 C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>, C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>,
11146 C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
11147 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
11148 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
11149 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
11150 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
11151 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
11152 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
11153 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
11154 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
11158 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
11159 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
11160 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
11161 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
11165 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
11166 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
11171 C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
11172 C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
11173 C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
11174 C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
11175 C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
11176 C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
11177 C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
11178 C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
11179 C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
11180 C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
11184 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
11185 C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
11189 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
11190 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
11191 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
11192 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
11193 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
11194 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
11195 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
11196 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
11197 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
11198 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
11199 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
11200 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
11201 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
11202 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
11203 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
11204 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
11205 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
11206 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
11207 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>,
11208 C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>,
11209 C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
11210 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitehtml1dir>,
11211 C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>, C<installsiteman1dir>,
11212 C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>, C<installstyle>,
11213 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
11214 C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>, C<installvendorlib>,
11215 C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>, C<installvendorscript>,
11216 C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
11220 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
11224 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
11225 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
11226 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
11227 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
11228 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
11229 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
11234 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
11235 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
11236 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
11240 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>,
11241 C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>,
11246 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
11247 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
11248 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
11249 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
11250 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
11254 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
11255 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
11259 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
11260 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
11264 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
11265 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
11266 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
11267 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
11271 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
11275 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
11276 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
11277 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
11281 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
11282 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
11283 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
11284 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
11285 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
11286 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
11287 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
11288 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>,
11289 C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>,
11290 C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>,
11291 C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>,
11292 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
11293 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
11294 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
11295 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
11296 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>,
11297 C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
11298 C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
11299 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>,
11300 C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
11304 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
11305 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
11310 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
11311 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
11312 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
11313 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
11314 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>,
11315 C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>,
11316 C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>,
11317 C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>,
11318 C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>,
11323 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
11324 C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>,
11325 C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>,
11326 C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>,
11327 C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>,
11328 C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
11329 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
11333 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
11337 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
11349 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
11359 =item getcwd and friends
11361 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
11363 =item abs_path and friends
11365 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
11377 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
11389 =item Global Variables
11391 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
11392 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
11397 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
11398 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
11400 =item Client Callback Methods
11402 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
11403 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
11404 CLIENT->output(LIST)
11414 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
11422 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
11426 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
11428 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
11430 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
11432 =item Default Parameters
11434 =item In Memory Databases
11442 =item A Simple Example
11450 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
11452 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
11454 =item The get_dup() Method
11456 =item The find_dup() Method
11458 =item The del_dup() Method
11460 =item Matching Partial Keys
11468 =item The 'bval' Option
11470 =item A Simple Example
11472 =item Extra RECNO Methods
11474 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
11475 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
11476 length, elements);>
11478 =item Another Example
11482 =item THE API INTERFACE
11484 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
11485 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
11486 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
11487 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
11491 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
11492 B<filter_fetch_value>
11498 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
11500 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
11504 =item HINTS AND TIPS
11508 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
11510 =item Safe ways to lock a database
11512 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
11514 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
11516 =item The untie() Gotcha
11520 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
11524 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
11526 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
11528 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
11530 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
11550 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
11551 printing and C<eval>
11563 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
11564 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
11565 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
11572 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
11598 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11606 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11618 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
11640 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11650 =item Runtime debugging
11652 =item Memory footprint debugging
11660 =item A simple scalar string
11662 =item A simple scalar number
11664 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11666 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11668 =item A reference to an array
11670 =item A reference to a hash
11672 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11674 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11676 =item A reference to a subroutine
11690 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11700 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11708 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11712 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11713 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
11714 $ctx->add($data,...), $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest,
11715 $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11723 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11733 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11737 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
11738 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11750 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11762 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11774 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11775 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11776 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11781 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11782 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11788 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11796 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11797 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11798 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11799 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11806 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11817 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
11819 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
11823 =item Order of initialization: early load()
11827 =item The most hairy case
11837 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11845 =item Table of Contents
11857 =item PERL ENCODING API
11859 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11860 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11861 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11866 =item Listing available encodings
11868 =item Defining Aliases
11872 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11874 =item Handling Malformed Data
11876 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11877 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11878 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11879 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11884 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11888 =item Defining Encodings
11890 =item The UTF-8 flag
11892 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11896 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11898 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11908 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11916 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11921 =item Alias overloading
11929 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11943 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11945 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11961 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11963 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11965 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11979 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11989 =item Methods you should implement
11991 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
11992 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
11994 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11996 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11998 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12002 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12006 =item Compiled Encodings
12012 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12016 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
12026 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12027 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12028 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12038 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
12048 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
12056 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12058 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
12060 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
12074 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
12076 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
12092 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
12098 =item How does it work?
12100 =item Line Buffering
12104 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12112 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
12120 =item Encoding Names
12124 =item Supported Encodings
12128 =item Built-in Encodings
12130 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12132 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12134 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12135 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12137 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12139 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12140 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12141 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12143 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12145 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12149 =item Unsupported encodings
12151 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12152 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12153 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12154 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12156 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12158 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12162 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12164 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12170 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12171 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12178 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12179 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12183 =item Other Notable Sites
12185 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12186 "Introduction to i18n"
12188 =item Offline sources
12190 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12196 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
12210 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
12226 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
12234 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
12236 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
12242 =item by endianness
12244 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
12248 =item Surrogate Pairs
12254 =head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
12268 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
12277 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12282 =item Alias overloading
12290 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
12291 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12293 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
12296 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
12299 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
12300 Implementation Base Class
12310 =item Methods you should implement
12312 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12313 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12315 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12317 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
12319 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12323 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12327 =item Compiled Encodings
12333 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12337 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
12348 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12349 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12350 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12360 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
12361 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12363 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
12366 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
12369 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
12370 and 'Q' header encoding
12386 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
12387 on Encode and PerlIO
12393 =item How does it work?
12395 =item Line Buffering
12399 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12407 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
12408 supported by Encode
12416 =item Encoding Names
12420 =item Supported Encodings
12424 =item Built-in Encodings
12426 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12428 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12430 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12431 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12433 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12435 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12436 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12437 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12439 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12441 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12445 =item Unsupported encodings
12447 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12448 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12449 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12450 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12452 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12454 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12458 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12460 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12466 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12467 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12474 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12475 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12479 =item Other Notable Sites
12481 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12482 "Introduction to i18n"
12484 =item Offline sources
12486 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12492 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
12507 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12519 =item Predefined Methods
12521 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12522 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12523 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12525 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12527 =item Operator Overloading
12535 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
12536 non-ascii or non-utf8
12546 =item Literal Conversions
12548 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
12552 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
12554 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
12558 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
12559 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
12561 =item The Filter Option
12565 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
12575 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
12577 =item tr/// with ranges
12579 Legend of characters above
12583 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
12585 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
12587 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
12595 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12607 =item Predefined Methods
12609 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12610 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12611 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12613 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12615 =item Operator Overloading
12623 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
12636 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12651 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12667 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12677 =item How to Export
12679 =item Selecting What To Export
12681 =item How to Import
12683 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12687 =item Advanced features
12691 =item Specialised Import Lists
12693 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12695 =item Module Version Checking
12697 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12699 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12701 =item Generating combined tags
12703 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12709 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12719 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12740 mv source... destination
12742 cp source... destination
12760 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12774 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
12776 B<perllocal_install>
12780 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12790 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12798 perl_stringify NAME
12802 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12804 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12808 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12816 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12819 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12821 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12823 WriteMakefileSnippet
12825 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12826 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12834 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12846 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12847 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12857 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12875 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
12887 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>
12895 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12907 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12908 packlist(), version()
12916 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12924 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12925 dynamic extensions at load time
12931 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12941 =item VMS implementation
12943 =item Win32 implementation
12951 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12961 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12969 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12979 =item File::Spec wrappers
12987 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
13003 makemakerdflt_target
13021 metafile_addtomanifest_target
13025 =item Abstract methods
13027 oneliner, B<quote_literal>, B<escape_newlines>, max_exec_len,
13028 B<init_others>, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform,
13041 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13042 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13056 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13057 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13071 replace_manpage_separator (o)
13075 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13085 =item Overridden methods
13093 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13103 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13104 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13126 init_platform, platform_constants
13132 special_targets (o)
13142 clean_subdirs_target
13146 realclean_subdirs_target
13154 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13155 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13167 init_platform (o), platform_constants
13175 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13176 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13194 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13204 =item Overridden methods
13212 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13222 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13248 clean_subdirs_target
13310 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
13340 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
13384 post_initialize (o)
13398 realclean_subdirs_target
13400 replace_manpage_separator
13422 test_via_harness (override)
13424 test_via_script (override)
13448 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13449 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13459 =item Methods always loaded
13471 guess_name (override)
13475 find_perl (override)
13477 maybe_command (override)
13479 perl_script (override)
13481 replace_manpage_separator
13487 init_main (override)
13489 init_others (override)
13491 init_platform (override)
13495 init_VERSION (override)
13497 constants (override)
13503 const_cccmd (override)
13505 tool_sxubpp (override)
13507 tools_other (override)
13509 init_dist (override)
13519 dynamic_lib (override)
13521 dynamic_bs (override)
13523 static_lib (override)
13525 processPL (override)
13527 installbin (override)
13529 subdir_x (override)
13533 clean_subdirs_target
13535 realclean (override)
13537 zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o)
13539 dist_test (override)
13543 perldepend (override)
13545 makefile (override)
13547 find_tests (override)
13551 makeaperl (override)
13553 nicetext (override)
13555 prefixify (override)
13575 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13576 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13588 =item Overridden methods
13594 replace_manpage_separator
13604 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
13606 special_targets (o)
13628 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
13638 =item Overriden methods
13654 clean_subdirs_target
13656 realclean_subdirs_target
13668 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
13678 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
13688 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
13690 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
13698 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
13702 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
13704 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
13706 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
13708 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
13710 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
13711 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
13712 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
13713 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
13714 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
13715 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
13716 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH,
13717 INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR,
13718 INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
13719 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
13720 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
13721 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT,
13722 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
13723 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW,
13724 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
13725 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
13726 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION,
13727 VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
13729 =item Additional lowercase attributes
13731 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
13732 test, tool_autosplit
13734 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
13736 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
13738 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
13740 =item Hintsfile support
13742 =item Distribution Support
13744 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
13745 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
13746 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
13748 =item Module Meta-Data
13750 =item Disabling an extension
13752 =item Other Handy Functions
13760 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
13770 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
13779 =item Philosophy and History
13781 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What's
13782 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
13783 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
13785 =item Module Writing
13787 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
13788 this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!
13792 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
13793 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
13806 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
13820 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
13829 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version agnostic bytes.pm
13839 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform agnostic vmsish.pm
13849 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
13887 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
13891 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
13899 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
13900 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
13904 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
13912 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
13922 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
13931 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
13939 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13951 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13959 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13969 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13981 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13991 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13995 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
14003 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
14007 C<basename>, C<dirname>
14011 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
14025 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
14039 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
14049 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
14051 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
14063 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
14073 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
14085 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
14093 B<find>, B<finddepth>
14099 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
14100 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
14101 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
14103 =item The wanted function
14105 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
14106 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
14107 pathname to the file
14115 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
14123 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
14131 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
14132 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
14133 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
14137 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
14145 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
14159 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
14169 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
14170 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
14171 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
14179 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
14191 file_name_is_absolute
14195 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
14215 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
14233 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
14261 file_name_is_absolute
14293 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
14303 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
14336 file_name_is_absolute
14358 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
14374 =item Methods always loaded
14376 canonpath (override)
14394 case_tolerant (override)
14398 file_name_is_absolute (override)
14400 splitpath (override)
14402 splitdir (override)
14416 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
14442 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
14452 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
14476 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
14490 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
14500 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
14508 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
14516 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
14518 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
14530 =item Temporary files and NFS
14542 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
14558 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
14566 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
14576 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
14584 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
14590 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
14604 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
14606 =item All-in-one interface
14608 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
14610 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
14613 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
14615 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
14616 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
14617 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
14619 described in the previous section.
14621 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
14623 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
14635 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
14645 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
14649 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
14651 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
14659 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
14661 =item Example 2: Using the context
14663 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
14665 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
14669 =item Filter::Simple
14677 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
14685 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
14697 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
14713 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
14721 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
14723 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
14727 =item Simple options
14729 =item A little bit less simple options
14731 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
14733 =item Options with values
14735 =item Options with multiple values
14737 =item Options with hash values
14739 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
14741 =item Options with multiple names
14743 =item Case and abbreviations
14745 =item Summary of Option Specifications
14747 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
14752 =item Advanced Possibilities
14756 =item Object oriented interface
14758 =item Thread Safety
14760 =item Documentation and help texts
14762 =item Storing options in a hash
14766 =item The lonesome dash
14768 =item Argument callback
14772 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
14774 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
14775 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
14776 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
14777 (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
14778 (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
14779 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
14781 =item Exportable Methods
14783 VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
14785 =item Return values and Errors
14791 =item Default destinations
14793 =item Alternative option starters
14795 =item Configuration variables
14799 =item Trouble Shooting
14803 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
14805 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
14808 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
14810 =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
14812 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
14818 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14822 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
14831 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
14835 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
14845 =item Restricted hashes
14847 lock_keys, unlock_keys
14853 lock_value, unlock_value
14855 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
14867 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
14878 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
14889 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
14891 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
14893 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14895 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14897 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
14899 the function super_languages($lang1)
14901 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
14903 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
14905 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
14907 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
14911 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
14913 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
14923 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
14931 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
14933 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
14935 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
14936 Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
14937 Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
14938 {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
14939 {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
14940 {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
14941 : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
14942 Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
14943 Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
14944 : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
14945 Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
14946 : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
14947 Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
14948 Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
14949 (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
14950 {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
14951 Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
14952 Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
14953 (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
14954 American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
14955 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
14956 : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
14957 Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
14958 Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
14959 {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
14960 : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
14961 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
14962 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
14963 Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
14964 Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
14965 {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
14966 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
14967 : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
14968 English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
14969 (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
14970 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
14971 : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
14972 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
14973 (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
14974 Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
14975 {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
14976 {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
14977 German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
14978 : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
14979 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
14980 Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
14981 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
14982 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
14983 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
14984 {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
14985 (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
14986 (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
14987 Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
14988 Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
14989 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
14990 Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
14991 {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14992 Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
14993 : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
14994 {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
14995 {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
14996 {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
14997 Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
14998 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
14999 Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
15000 Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
15001 Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
15002 (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
15003 : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
15004 {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
15005 {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
15006 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
15007 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
15008 Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
15009 [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
15010 Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
15011 Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
15012 {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
15013 languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
15014 {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
15015 {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
15016 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
15017 {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
15018 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
15019 Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
15020 : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
15021 Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
15022 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
15023 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
15024 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
15025 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
15026 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
15027 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
15028 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
15029 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
15030 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
15031 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
15032 Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
15033 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
15034 Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
15035 {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
15036 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
15037 Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
15038 Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
15039 (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
15040 {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
15041 Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
15042 South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
15043 Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
15044 {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
15045 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
15046 {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
15047 Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
15048 Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
15049 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
15050 {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
15051 Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
15052 : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
15053 Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
15054 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
15055 Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
15056 : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
15057 : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
15058 Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
15059 Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
15060 : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
15065 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15071 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
15089 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15093 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
15105 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
15113 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15114 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15124 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15134 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15138 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
15146 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
15156 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15160 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15161 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15162 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15163 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15175 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15185 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15189 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15199 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15209 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15210 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
15220 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
15228 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
15229 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
15238 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
15248 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
15252 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
15253 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
15254 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
15264 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
15278 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
15279 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
15289 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
15305 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
15318 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
15332 hostpath(), peerpath()
15342 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
15351 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15352 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15362 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15372 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15376 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
15384 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
15395 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15399 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15400 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15401 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15402 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15414 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15424 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15428 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15438 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15448 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15449 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
15459 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
15468 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
15469 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
15478 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
15489 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
15493 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
15494 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
15495 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
15505 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
15520 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
15521 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
15531 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
15532 AF_INET domain sockets
15548 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
15561 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
15562 AF_UNIX domain sockets
15576 hostpath(), peerpath()
15586 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
15596 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
15597 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
15608 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
15622 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
15635 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
15645 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
15646 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
15647 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
15658 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
15676 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
15686 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
15687 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
15698 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
15709 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
15710 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
15711 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
15722 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
15730 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
15731 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
15735 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
15741 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
15742 general-utility list subroutines
15750 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
15751 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
15755 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
15761 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
15762 general-utility scalar subroutines
15770 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
15771 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
15772 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
15782 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
15790 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15794 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
15802 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
15810 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15812 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15814 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15815 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15817 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15819 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
15821 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
15827 =item rename_country
15835 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15839 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
15840 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
15841 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
15842 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
15850 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
15851 identification (ISO 4217)
15861 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15863 code2currency(), currency2code()
15865 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15867 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
15871 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15875 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
15876 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
15884 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
15893 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15895 code2language(), language2code()
15897 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15899 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
15903 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15907 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
15908 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
15916 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
15924 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15930 =item Construction Methods
15932 =item The "maketext" Method
15934 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
15936 =item Utility Methods
15938 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
15939 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
15940 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
15941 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
15943 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
15947 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
15949 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
15951 =item BRACKET NOTATION
15953 =item AUTO LEXICONS
15955 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
15957 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
15961 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15967 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
15975 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
15979 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
15981 =item The Linguistic View
15983 =item Breaking gettext
15985 =item Replacing gettext
15987 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
15989 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
15991 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
15993 =item Buzzword: Concision
15995 =item The Devil in the Details
15997 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
16005 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
16013 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16017 =item SPECIAL CODES
16021 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16023 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16024 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16026 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16028 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
16032 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16036 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
16037 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
16045 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
16053 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
16057 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
16065 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
16066 of quoted-printable strings
16074 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16080 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
16089 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16095 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
16105 =item Canonical notation
16109 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
16111 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
16115 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
16116 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
16124 =item Autocreating constants
16130 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
16138 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
16148 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
16156 Canonical notation, Input, Output
16180 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
16182 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
16184 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
16185 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
16187 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
16273 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
16283 =item Rounding mode R
16285 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
16286 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
16287 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
16300 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
16308 =item Autocreating constants
16314 =item Alternative math libraries
16320 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
16328 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
16334 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
16339 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
16340 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
16341 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
16351 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
16363 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
16367 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
16369 the same terms as Perl itself.
16377 =head2 Math::BigInt::Scalar - Pure Perl module to test Math::BigInt with
16388 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
16390 the same terms as Perl itself.
16398 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationales
16420 =item denominator()
16422 $d = $x->denominator();
16432 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
16440 =item is_positive()
16442 =item is_negative()
16462 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
16463 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer
16473 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
16486 =item STRINGIFICATION
16490 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
16496 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
16498 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
16506 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
16514 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
16520 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
16522 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
16526 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
16528 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
16532 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
16534 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
16536 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
16537 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
16541 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
16547 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
16557 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
16575 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
16577 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
16581 =item OTHER FACILITIES
16587 =item C<flush_cache>
16593 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
16595 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
16603 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16609 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
16618 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
16629 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
16641 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
16649 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
16657 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
16666 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
16675 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
16683 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
16691 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16697 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16701 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16705 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
16715 =item Enforcing redispatch
16717 =item Avoiding repetitions
16723 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
16729 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
16739 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
16742 =item CLASS METHODS
16744 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
16745 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
16746 ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
16756 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
16766 requires_firewall HOST
16768 =item NetConfig VALUES
16770 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
16771 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
16772 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
16776 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
16785 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
16793 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
16805 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
16809 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
16810 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
16811 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
16812 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
16813 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ),
16814 dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put (
16815 LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ),
16816 append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size
16817 ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[
16818 BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ),
16819 stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (),
16820 pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique (
16821 SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ),
16826 =item Methods for the adventurous
16832 =item THE dataconn CLASS
16834 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
16835 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
16837 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
16839 B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
16841 =item REPORTING BUGS
16849 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
16857 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
16867 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
16871 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
16872 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
16873 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
16874 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
16875 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
16876 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
16877 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
16881 =item Extension methods
16883 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
16884 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
16885 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
16886 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
16895 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
16905 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
16915 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
16919 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
16920 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
16921 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
16922 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
16934 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
16946 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
16947 ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
16948 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
16949 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
16950 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
16967 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
16979 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
16983 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
16984 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
16985 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
16986 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
16987 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
16988 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
17001 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
17009 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
17010 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
17018 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
17035 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
17043 =item Where to get this document
17045 =item How to contribute to this document
17049 =item Author and Copyright Information
17057 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
17061 =item What is libnet ?
17063 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
17065 =item What other modules do I need ?
17067 =item What machines support libnet ?
17069 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
17073 =item Using Net::FTP
17077 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
17079 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
17081 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
17083 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
17086 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
17088 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
17090 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
17092 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
17094 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
17096 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
17099 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
17101 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
17104 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
17107 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
17111 =item Using Net::SMTP
17115 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
17118 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
17120 =item The verify method always returns true ?
17124 =item Debugging scripts
17128 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
17132 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
17136 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
17153 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
17168 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
17185 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
17193 =item THE .netrc FILE
17195 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
17200 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
17204 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
17214 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
17224 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17232 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
17240 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17246 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17250 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17254 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
17266 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
17268 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
17269 or optag, an operator set (opset)
17271 =item Opcode Functions
17273 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
17274 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
17275 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
17278 =item Manipulating Opsets
17280 =item TO DO (maybe)
17286 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
17288 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
17289 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
17290 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
17299 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
17308 a new namespace, an operator mask
17314 =item RECENT CHANGES
17316 =item Methods in class Safe
17318 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17319 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17320 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17321 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17323 =item Some Safety Issues
17325 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17333 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
17346 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
17360 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
17361 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
17362 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
17363 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
17364 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
17365 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
17366 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
17367 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
17368 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
17369 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
17370 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
17371 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
17372 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
17373 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
17374 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
17375 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
17376 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
17377 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
17378 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
17379 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
17380 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
17381 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
17382 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
17383 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
17384 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
17391 =item POSIX::SigAction
17393 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
17395 =item POSIX::SigSet
17397 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
17399 =item POSIX::Termios
17401 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
17402 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
17403 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
17404 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
17405 values, c_oflag field values
17409 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
17413 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
17417 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
17471 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
17472 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
17476 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
17485 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop
17489 =item Custom Layers
17493 =item Alternatives to raw
17495 =item Defaults and how to override them
17497 =item Querying the layers of filehandle
17507 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
17519 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
17529 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
17537 =item EXPECTED METHODS
17539 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
17540 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
17541 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
17542 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
17543 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
17544 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
17545 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
17546 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
17552 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
17558 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
17572 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
17578 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
17584 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
17596 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
17597 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
17598 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
17599 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
17600 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
17601 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
17602 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
17603 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
17608 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
17609 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
17610 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
17611 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
17612 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
17613 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
17618 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
17619 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
17631 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
17633 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
17636 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
17638 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
17640 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
17642 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
17644 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
17646 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
17654 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
17666 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
17668 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
17675 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
17681 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
17683 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
17690 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
17702 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
17712 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
17713 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
17728 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
17741 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
17742 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
17748 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
17772 =item B<was_cutting()>
17778 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
17784 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
17790 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
17796 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
17802 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
17808 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
17814 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
17820 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
17826 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
17832 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
17838 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
17844 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
17850 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
17856 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
17862 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
17868 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
17874 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
17880 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
17886 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
17892 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
17898 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
17904 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
17910 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
17916 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
17922 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
17928 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
17934 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
17940 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
17946 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
17958 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
17970 =item OBJECT METHODS
17978 =item Data Accessors
17994 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
17996 B<StartWithNewPage>
18010 =item Subclassed methods
18024 B<interior_sequence>
18040 =item Methods for headings
18048 =item Internal methods
18054 B<_replace_special_chars>
18056 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
18062 B<_clean_latex_commands>
18064 B<_split_delimited>
18080 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
18088 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
18093 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
18094 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
18095 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
18106 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18110 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
18122 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18126 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
18140 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
18148 $list-E<gt>indent()
18156 $list-E<gt>parent()
18162 =item Pod::Hyperlink
18164 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
18168 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
18170 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
18174 $link-E<gt>warning()
18176 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
18182 $link-E<gt>alttext()
18192 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
18198 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
18202 =item Pod::Cache::Item
18204 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
18208 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
18210 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
18212 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
18214 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
18216 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
18218 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
18220 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
18230 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
18242 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
18244 =item PARSING OPTIONS
18246 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
18247 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
18253 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18261 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18267 =item B<verbatim()>
18269 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18275 =item B<textblock()>
18277 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18283 =item B<interior_sequence()>
18289 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18301 =item B<initialize()>
18307 =item B<begin_pod()>
18313 =item B<begin_input()>
18319 =item B<end_input()>
18331 =item B<preprocess_line()>
18337 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
18343 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
18349 =item B<parse_text()>
18351 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
18352 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
18353 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
18359 =item B<interpolate()>
18365 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
18371 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
18377 =item B<parse_from_file()>
18383 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
18389 =item B<errorsub()>
18401 =item B<parseopts()>
18407 =item B<output_file()>
18413 =item B<output_handle()>
18419 =item B<input_file()>
18425 =item B<input_handle()>
18431 =item B<input_streams()>
18437 =item B<top_stream()>
18443 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
18449 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
18455 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
18461 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
18469 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
18479 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18485 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
18497 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18503 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
18515 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18521 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
18531 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18537 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
18547 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18553 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
18565 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18571 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
18585 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
18595 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18601 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
18609 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
18613 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
18614 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
18626 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
18646 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
18659 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
18661 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
18667 =item OBJECT METHODS
18673 =item B<curr_headings()>
18685 =item B<add_selection()>
18691 =item B<clear_selections()>
18697 =item B<match_section()>
18703 =item B<is_selected()>
18709 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
18715 =item B<podselect()>
18717 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
18723 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
18729 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
18735 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
18741 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
18753 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
18761 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
18765 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
18766 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
18767 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
18778 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18782 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
18796 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18800 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
18815 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18819 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
18834 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18838 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
18847 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
18856 =item Recommended Use
18864 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
18868 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
18876 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
18882 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
18886 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
18890 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
18898 a new namespace, an operator mask
18904 =item RECENT CHANGES
18906 =item Methods in class Safe
18908 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
18909 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
18910 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
18911 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
18913 =item Some Safety Issues
18915 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
18923 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
18931 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
18932 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
18933 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
18943 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
18953 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
18963 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
18973 =item The __DATA__ token
18975 =item SelfLoader autoloading
18977 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
18979 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
18981 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
18983 =item Classes and inherited methods.
18987 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
18991 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
19001 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
19009 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
19010 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
19018 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
19019 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
19020 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
19021 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
19022 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
19026 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
19036 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
19040 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
19042 =item CODE REFERENCES
19044 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
19046 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
19048 =item ERROR REPORTING
19056 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
19061 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
19062 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
19070 =item Storable magic
19080 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
19092 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
19106 =item Allowing fall-through
19108 =item Automating fall-through
19110 =item Alternative syntax
19112 =item Higher-order Operations
19128 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
19138 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
19150 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
19151 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19159 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19160 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19161 in 5.004_02), closelog
19171 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
19172 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19180 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19181 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19182 in 5.004_02), closelog
19192 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
19202 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
19203 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
19204 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
19208 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
19218 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19222 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
19238 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
19240 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19242 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19244 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
19252 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19260 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
19268 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
19278 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
19279 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
19287 =item Minimal set of supported functions
19289 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
19290 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
19292 =item Additional supported functions
19294 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
19304 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
19312 =item QUICK START GUIDE
19318 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
19319 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
19329 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
19335 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
19339 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
19349 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
19369 =item Setting up tests
19387 =item Running tests
19393 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
19395 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
19421 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
19433 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
19437 =item Test Status and Info
19471 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
19481 =item The test script output
19483 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
19484 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
19489 =item Configuration variables.
19491 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
19495 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
19522 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
19523 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
19524 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
19525 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
19529 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
19530 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
19531 C<HARNESS_OK_SLOW>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
19547 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
19573 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
19583 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
19621 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
19637 B<_reset_file_state>
19657 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
19667 =item I love it when a plan comes together
19677 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
19717 =item Conditional tests
19723 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
19725 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
19729 =item Comparison functions
19743 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
19753 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
19755 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
19768 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
19792 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
19801 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
19809 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
19811 =item Where to start?
19815 =item Test the manual
19817 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
19819 =item Testing lots of values
19821 =item Informative names
19823 =item Skipping tests
19827 =item Testing with taint mode.
19839 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
19851 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
19861 =item General behaviour in list contexts
19865 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
19867 =item A note about prefixes
19869 =item C<extract_delimited>
19871 =item C<extract_bracketed>
19873 =item C<extract_variable>
19877 =item C<extract_tagged>
19879 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
19880 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
19882 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
19884 =item C<extract_quotelike>
19886 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
19888 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
19890 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
19892 =item C<extract_codeblock>
19894 =item C<extract_multiple>
19896 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
19902 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
19903 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
19904 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
19905 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
19906 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
19907 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
19908 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
19909 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
19910 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
19911 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
19912 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
19913 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
19918 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
19924 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
19939 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
19956 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
19971 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
19987 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
19999 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
20000 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
20001 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
20005 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
20013 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
20021 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20023 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
20029 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
20037 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20039 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
20043 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
20058 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
20068 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
20076 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
20077 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
20078 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
20079 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
20087 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
20107 =item Option Format
20111 =item Public Methods
20119 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
20125 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
20127 =item Deferred Writing
20131 =item Autodeferring
20135 =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
20141 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
20155 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
20164 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
20165 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
20166 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
20167 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
20169 =item MORE INFORMATION
20171 =item COMPATIBILITY
20175 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
20184 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
20185 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
20187 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
20189 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
20191 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
20193 =item MORE INFORMATION
20197 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
20205 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
20215 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
20233 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
20242 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
20244 =item MORE INFORMATION
20248 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
20260 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
20269 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
20270 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
20271 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer (
20272 $which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer (
20283 =item negative time not invented yet
20285 =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
20293 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20297 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
20305 =item IMPLEMENTATION
20315 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
20330 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
20345 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
20357 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
20365 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<isa( VAL, TYPE )>,
20366 C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<<
20367 CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<can( VAL, METHOD )>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
20373 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
20383 =item Constructor and Tailoring
20385 UCA_Version, alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level,
20386 normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table,
20387 undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
20389 =item Methods for Collation
20391 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
20392 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
20393 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
20394 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
20395 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
20396 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
20397 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
20399 =item Methods for Searching
20401 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
20402 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
20403 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
20404 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
20405 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
20406 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
20407 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
20409 =item Other Methods
20411 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, UCA_Version,
20412 Base_Unicode_Version
20418 =item Conformance Test
20426 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/,
20427 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
20428 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/CollationTest.html
20429 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/CollationTest.zip,
20430 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/, L<Unicode::Normalize>
20434 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
20444 =item Normalization Forms
20446 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
20447 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
20448 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
20450 =item Decomposition and Composition
20452 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
20453 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
20454 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
20458 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
20459 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
20460 check($form_name, $string)>
20462 =item Character Data
20464 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
20465 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
20466 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
20467 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
20468 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
20469 C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
20470 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
20480 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
20481 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
20485 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
20527 =item Blocks versus Scripts
20529 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
20531 =item Code Point Arguments
20557 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
20563 =item Implementation Note
20575 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
20590 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
20601 =item System Specifics
20615 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
20623 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
20625 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
20626 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
20627 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
20628 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
20629 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFolderPath(FOLDER [,
20630 CREATE]), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(),
20631 Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(),
20632 Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
20633 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
20634 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
20635 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
20636 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
20637 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
20638 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
20639 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
20640 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
20641 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
20642 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
20648 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
20658 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
20660 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
20664 =item Order of initialization: early load()
20668 =item The most hairy case
20678 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
20680 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
20681 don't all have manual pages yet:
20707 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles