4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2001/09/20
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
365 open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR
366 : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
367 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
368 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
369 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
370 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
371 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
372 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
373 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
374 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
375 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
376 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
377 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
378 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
379 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
380 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
381 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
382 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
383 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
384 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
385 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
386 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
387 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
388 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
389 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
390 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
391 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
392 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
393 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
394 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
395 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
396 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
397 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
398 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
399 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
400 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
401 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
402 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
403 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
404 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
410 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
416 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
424 =item Making References
426 =item Using References
444 =item Distribution Conditions
450 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
456 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
457 more elaborate constructs
461 =item COMMON MISTAKES
463 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
465 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
471 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
475 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
477 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
479 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
483 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
487 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
489 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
491 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
495 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
499 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
501 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
503 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
507 =item HASHES OF HASHES
511 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
513 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
515 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
519 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
523 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
525 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
527 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
539 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
549 =item Simple word matching
551 =item Using character classes
553 =item Matching this or that
555 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
557 =item Extracting matches
559 =item Matching repetitions
563 =item Search and replace
565 =item The split operator
573 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
577 =item Acknowledgments
583 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
591 =item Verbatim Paragraph
593 =item Command Paragraph
595 =item Ordinary Block of Text
599 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
601 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
611 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
619 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
637 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
639 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
640 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
641 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
642 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
644 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
646 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
647 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
648 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
652 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
654 =item Numerical Traps
656 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
658 =item General data type traps
660 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
661 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
663 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
665 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
667 =item Precedence Traps
669 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
672 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
674 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
675 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
678 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
680 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
686 =item Interpolation Traps
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
689 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
695 =item Unclassified Traps
697 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
704 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
714 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
716 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
718 =item Location of Perl
720 =item Command Switches
722 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
723 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
724 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
725 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
726 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
727 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
734 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
735 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
736 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
740 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
748 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
756 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
758 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
760 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
764 =item Backward Compatibility
766 =item Category Hierarchy
770 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
782 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
790 =item Looking at data and -w and w
794 =item Stepping through code
796 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
798 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
816 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
822 =item The Perl Debugger
826 =item Debugger Commands
828 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
829 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
830 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
831 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
832 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
833 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
834 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
835 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
836 cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man
839 =item Configurable Options
841 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
842 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
843 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
844 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
845 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
846 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
848 =item Debugger input/output
850 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
853 =item Debugging compile-time statements
855 =item Debugger Customization
857 =item Readline Support
859 =item Editor Support for Debugging
861 =item The Perl Profiler
865 =item Debugging regular expressions
867 =item Debugging memory usage
875 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
883 =item Predefined Names
885 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
886 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
887 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
888 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
889 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
890 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
891 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
892 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
893 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
894 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
895 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
896 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
897 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
898 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
899 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
900 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
901 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
902 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
903 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
904 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR,
905 $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID,
906 $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID,
907 $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $],
908 $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H,
909 $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04,
910 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
911 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V,
912 $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME,
913 $^X, ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
916 =item Error Indicators
918 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
926 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
934 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
936 =item Growing Your Own
938 =item Access and Printing
950 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
956 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
966 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
972 =item Open E<agrave> la C
976 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
980 =item Obscure Open Tricks
984 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
986 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
990 =item Single Argument Open
992 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
996 =item Other I/O Issues
1000 =item Opening Non-File Files
1010 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1016 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1022 =item Part 1: The basics
1026 =item Simple word matching
1028 =item Using character classes
1030 =item Matching this or that
1032 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1034 =item Extracting matches
1036 =item Matching repetitions
1038 =item Building a regexp
1040 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1044 =item Part 2: Power tools
1048 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1050 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1052 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1054 =item Non-capturing groupings
1056 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1058 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1060 =item Conditional expressions
1062 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1064 =item Pragmas and debugging
1072 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1076 =item Acknowledgments
1082 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1092 =item Regular Expressions
1094 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1096 =item Extended Patterns
1098 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1099 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1100 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1101 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1105 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1107 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1109 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1111 =item Combining pieces together
1113 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1114 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1115 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1116 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1118 =item Creating custom RE engines
1128 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1138 =item Making References
1140 =item Using References
1142 =item Symbolic references
1144 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1146 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1148 =item Function Templates
1158 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1166 =item Format Variables
1176 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1184 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1192 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1194 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1196 =item Invoking a barnyard
1198 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1200 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1202 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1204 =item A few notes about @ISA
1206 =item Overriding the methods
1208 =item Starting the search from a different place
1210 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1212 =item Where we're at so far...
1214 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1216 =item Invoking an instance method
1218 =item Accessing the instance data
1220 =item How to build a horse
1222 =item Inheriting the constructor
1224 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1226 =item Adding parameters to a method
1228 =item More interesting instances
1230 =item A horse of a different color
1242 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1248 =item Creating a Class
1252 =item Object Representation
1254 =item Class Interface
1256 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1258 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1262 =item Other Object Methods
1270 =item Accessing Class Data
1272 =item Debugging Methods
1274 =item Class Destructors
1276 =item Documenting the Interface
1286 =item Overridden Methods
1288 =item Multiple Inheritance
1290 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1294 =item Alternate Object Representations
1298 =item Arrays as Objects
1300 =item Closures as Objects
1304 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1308 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1310 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1314 =item Metaclassical Tools
1320 =item Data Members as Variables
1328 =item Object Terminology
1334 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1340 =item Acknowledgments
1346 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1352 =item Class Data in a Can
1354 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1358 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1360 =item Inheritance Concerns
1362 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1364 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1366 =item Monadic Classes
1368 =item Translucent Attributes
1372 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1376 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1378 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1380 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1382 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1384 =item Translucency Revisited
1392 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1394 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1400 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1408 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1410 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1412 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1414 =item Method Invocation
1416 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1418 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1420 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1426 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1434 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1440 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1442 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1444 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1446 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1448 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1450 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1452 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1454 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1456 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1458 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1464 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1476 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1481 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1482 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1483 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1484 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1489 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1490 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1491 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1493 =item Tying FileHandles
1495 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1496 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1501 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1513 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1514 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1530 =item Using open() for IPC
1536 =item Background Processes
1538 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1540 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1542 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1544 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1548 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1552 =item Internet Line Terminators
1554 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1556 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1560 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1564 =item A Simple Client
1566 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1568 =item A Webget Client
1570 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1574 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1576 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1578 =item UDP: Message Passing
1592 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1602 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1604 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1605 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1606 files, directories and network sockets
1608 =item Resource limits
1610 =item Killing the parent process
1612 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1614 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1616 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1617 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1618 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1630 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1638 =item Storing numbers
1640 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1642 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1644 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1645 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1646 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1655 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1663 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1669 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1671 =item Threaded Program Models
1683 =item Native threads
1685 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1687 =item Threadsafe Modules
1693 =item Basic Thread Support
1695 =item Creating Threads
1697 =item Giving up control
1699 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1701 =item Errors In Threads
1703 =item Ignoring A Thread
1707 =item Threads And Data
1711 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1713 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1715 =item Controlling access: lock()
1717 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1719 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1723 =item Threads And Code
1727 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1729 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1731 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1733 =item Subroutine Locks
1737 =item Locking A Subroutine
1741 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1745 =item What Thread Am I In?
1749 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1751 =item What Threads Are Running?
1755 =item A Complete Example
1763 =item Introductory Texts
1765 =item OS-Related References
1767 =item Other References
1771 =item Acknowledgements
1779 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1785 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1794 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1796 =item Files and Filesystems
1798 =item System Interaction
1800 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1802 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1804 =item Standard Modules
1808 =item Character sets and character encoding
1810 =item Internationalisation
1812 =item System Resources
1822 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1823 http://testers.cpan.org/
1831 =item DOS and Derivatives
1839 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1847 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1851 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1853 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1854 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1855 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1856 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1857 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1858 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1859 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1860 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1861 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1862 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1863 endprotoent, endservent, exit EXPR, exit, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,
1864 glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
1865 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
1866 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
1867 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
1868 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
1869 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1870 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1871 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1872 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1873 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1874 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1875 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1876 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1877 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1883 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1884 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1885 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1886 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1887 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1888 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1890 =item Supported Platforms
1894 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1900 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1907 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1913 =item The use locale pragma
1915 =item The setlocale function
1917 =item Finding locales
1919 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1921 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1923 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1925 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1927 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1929 =item The localeconv function
1931 =item I18N::Langinfo
1935 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1939 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1941 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1943 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1945 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1949 =item Other categories
1957 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1958 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1964 =item Backward compatibility
1966 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1968 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1970 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1972 =item Freely available locale definitions
1976 =item An imperfect standard
1984 =item Broken systems
1994 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2002 =item Important Caveats
2004 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2005 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2007 =item Byte and Character semantics
2009 =item Effects of character semantics
2015 =item Character encodings for input and output
2021 =item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL
2027 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2033 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2041 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2045 =item 13 variant characters
2053 =item Unicode and UTF
2057 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2059 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2061 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2075 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2077 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2079 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2081 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2089 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2091 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2093 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2095 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2099 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2103 =item URL decoding and encoding
2105 =item uu encoding and decoding
2107 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2109 =item Caesarian ciphers
2113 =item Hashing order and checksums
2117 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2129 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2149 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2157 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2159 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2161 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2165 =item Protecting Your Programs
2173 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2185 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2191 =item Making your module threadsafe
2199 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2205 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2209 =item Pragmatic Modules
2211 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2212 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2213 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, threads, utf8, vars, warnings,
2216 =item Standard Modules
2218 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2219 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2220 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2221 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2222 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2223 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2224 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2225 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2226 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2227 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2228 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2229 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2230 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2231 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2232 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2233 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2234 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2235 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2236 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2237 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2238 Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
2239 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
2240 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2241 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2242 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2243 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2244 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2245 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2246 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2247 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
2248 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select,
2249 Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap,
2250 Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
2251 Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2252 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Test::More,
2253 Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
2254 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array,
2255 Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash,
2256 Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL,
2257 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
2260 =item Extension Modules
2272 =item Central America
2284 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2288 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2290 Adding a Copyright Notice
2292 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2294 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2302 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2312 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2313 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2327 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2337 =item What should I make into a module?
2339 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2341 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2343 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2345 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2346 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2347 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2349 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2351 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2352 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2362 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.1 $, $Date:
2363 2001/09/20 03:03:00 $)
2373 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2375 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2377 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2379 =item What is perl6?
2381 =item How stable is Perl?
2383 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2385 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2388 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2390 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2392 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2394 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2396 =item What is a JAPH?
2398 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2400 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2401 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2405 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2409 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.1 $,
2410 $Date: 2001/09/20 03:03:00 $)
2418 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2420 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2422 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2424 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2427 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2428 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2430 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2431 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2433 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2435 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2437 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2439 =item Where should I post source code?
2443 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2445 =item Perl in Magazines
2447 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2449 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2451 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2453 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2455 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2457 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2461 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2465 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.1 $, $Date: 2001/09/20
2474 =item How do I do (anything)?
2476 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2478 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2480 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2482 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2484 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2486 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2488 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2490 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2492 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2493 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2494 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2496 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2498 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2500 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2502 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2504 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2506 =item What is undump?
2508 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2510 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2512 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2514 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2516 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2518 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2520 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2522 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2524 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2526 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2528 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2530 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2532 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2534 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2536 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2537 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2539 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2542 =item What's MakeMaker?
2546 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2550 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.1 $, $Date: 2001/09/20
2561 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2562 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2564 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2566 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2569 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2571 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2573 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2575 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2577 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2579 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2587 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2589 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2591 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2593 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2595 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2597 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2599 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2607 =item How do I validate input?
2609 =item How do I unescape a string?
2611 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2613 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2615 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2617 =item How do I reverse a string?
2619 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2621 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2623 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2625 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2627 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2630 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2632 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2633 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2635 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2637 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2639 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2641 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2643 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2645 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2647 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2649 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2650 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2659 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2661 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2663 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2667 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
2670 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2671 intersection of two arrays?
2673 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2675 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2677 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2679 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2681 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2683 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2685 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2687 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2689 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2691 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2693 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2697 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2701 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2703 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2706 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2708 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2710 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2712 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2714 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2716 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2718 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2720 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2722 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2724 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2726 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2729 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2730 array of hashes or arrays?
2732 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2740 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2742 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2744 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2746 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2748 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2750 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2752 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2756 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2760 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.1 $, $Date: 2001/09/20
2769 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2771 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2772 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2774 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2776 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2778 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2780 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2781 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2783 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2785 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2787 =item How can I write() into a string?
2789 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2791 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2793 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2795 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2797 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2799 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2801 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2803 =item How can I lock a file?
2805 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2807 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2808 the file. How can I do this?
2810 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
2811 file. Do I still have to use locking?
2813 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2815 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2817 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2819 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2821 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2823 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2825 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2827 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2829 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2831 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2833 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2835 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2836 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2838 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2840 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2841 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2843 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2845 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2849 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2853 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.1 $, $Date: 2001/09/20 03:03:00 $)
2861 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2862 and unmaintainable code?
2864 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2866 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2868 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2871 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2873 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2876 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2878 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2880 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2882 =item What is C</o> really for?
2884 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2887 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2889 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2891 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2893 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2895 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2897 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2899 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2901 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2903 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2905 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2907 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2909 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2911 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2915 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2919 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.1 $, $Date: 2001/09/20
2928 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2930 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2933 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2936 =item How do I skip some return values?
2938 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2940 =item What's an extension?
2942 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2944 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2946 =item How do I create a module?
2948 =item How do I create a class?
2950 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2952 =item What's a closure?
2954 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2956 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2959 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2962 =item How do I create a static variable?
2964 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2965 Between local() and my()?
2967 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2970 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2972 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2974 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2976 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2978 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2980 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2982 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2984 =item How can I find out my current package?
2986 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2988 =item How do I clear a package?
2990 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2994 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2998 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.1 $, $Date: 2001/09/20
3007 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3009 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3011 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3013 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3015 =item How do I print something out in color?
3017 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3019 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3021 =item How do I clear the screen?
3023 =item How do I get the screen size?
3025 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3027 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3029 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3031 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3033 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3035 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3037 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3039 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3041 =item How do I set the time and date?
3043 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3045 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3047 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3049 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3050 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3052 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3054 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3056 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3058 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3060 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3062 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3064 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3066 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3068 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3070 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3073 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3075 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3077 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3079 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3082 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3083 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3084 changes to be visible?
3088 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3091 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3093 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3095 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3097 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3099 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3101 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3103 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3105 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3107 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3109 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3111 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3113 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3116 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3118 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3122 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3126 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.1 $, $Date: 2001/09/20 03:03:00
3135 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3138 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3140 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3142 =item How do I extract URLs?
3144 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3145 file on another machine?
3147 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3149 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3151 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3153 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3155 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3157 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3159 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3161 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3162 CGI script to do bad things?
3164 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3166 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3168 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3170 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3172 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3174 =item How do I send mail?
3176 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3178 =item How do I read mail?
3180 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3182 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3184 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3186 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3190 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3194 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3204 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3208 =item Using The Back Ends
3212 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3216 =item The Decompiling Back End
3218 =item The Lint Back End
3220 =item The Simple C Back End
3222 =item The Bytecode Back End
3224 =item The Optimized C Back End
3226 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3227 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3228 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3232 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3238 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3248 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3249 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3253 =item Compiling your C program
3255 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3257 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3259 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3261 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3263 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3265 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3267 =item Execution of END blocks
3269 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3271 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3276 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3286 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3292 =item Debugger Internals
3296 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3300 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3302 =item Debugging regular expressions
3306 =item Compile-time output
3308 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3309 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3310 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3313 =item Types of nodes
3315 =item Run-time output
3319 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3323 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3325 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3326 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3329 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3331 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3333 =item B<-DL> details
3337 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3345 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3357 =item Version caveat
3359 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3371 =item What has gone on?
3373 =item Writing good test scripts
3377 =item What's new here?
3379 =item Input and Output Parameters
3381 =item The XSUBPP Program
3383 =item The TYPEMAP file
3385 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3389 =item What has happened here?
3391 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3393 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3395 =item More about XSUB arguments
3397 =item The Argument Stack
3399 =item Extending your Extension
3401 =item Documenting your Extension
3403 =item Installing your Extension
3407 =item New Things in this Example
3411 =item New Things in this Example
3413 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3415 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3417 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3419 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3435 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3447 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3449 =item The Argument Stack
3451 =item The RETVAL Variable
3453 =item The MODULE Keyword
3455 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3457 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3459 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3461 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3463 =item The CODE: Keyword
3465 =item The INIT: Keyword
3467 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3469 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3471 =item Default Parameter Values
3473 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3475 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3477 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3479 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3481 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3483 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3485 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3487 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3489 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3491 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3493 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3495 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3497 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3499 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3501 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3503 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3505 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3507 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3509 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3511 =item The CASE: Keyword
3513 =item The & Unary Operator
3515 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3517 =item Using XS With C++
3519 =item Interface Strategy
3521 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3535 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3545 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3547 =item File Operations
3549 =item File Input and Output
3551 =item File Positioning
3553 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3555 =item Character Class Tests
3557 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3559 =item Miscellaneous functions
3567 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3579 =item What is an "IV"?
3581 =item Working with SVs
3585 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3587 =item Working with AVs
3589 =item Working with HVs
3591 =item Hash API Extensions
3595 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3597 =item Creating New Variables
3599 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3601 =item Stashes and Globs
3603 =item Double-Typed SVs
3605 =item Magic Variables
3607 =item Assigning Magic
3609 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3613 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3615 =item Localizing changes
3617 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3618 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3619 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3620 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3621 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3622 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3623 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3624 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3625 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3626 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3634 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3636 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3638 =item Memory Allocation
3642 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3646 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3656 =item Examining the tree
3658 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3660 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3662 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3664 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3666 =item Pluggable runops
3670 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3672 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3676 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3678 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3680 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3682 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3684 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3688 =item Internal Functions
3690 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3694 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3696 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3698 =item Source Documentation
3702 =item Unicode Support
3706 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3708 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3710 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3712 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3714 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3716 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3720 =item Custom Operators
3728 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3734 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3736 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3738 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3758 =item Determining the Context
3762 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3768 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3770 =item Passing Parameters
3772 =item Returning a Scalar
3774 =item Returning a list of values
3776 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3778 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3782 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3786 =item Using call_argv
3788 =item Using call_method
3792 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3794 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3796 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3797 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3800 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3802 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3814 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3824 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3825 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3826 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3827 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3831 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3833 =item Administration
3835 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3839 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3840 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3848 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3858 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3860 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3862 B<Decryption Filters>
3864 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3866 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3868 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3880 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3888 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3889 B<filter_fetch_value>
3895 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3897 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3907 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3913 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3914 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3915 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
3916 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
3917 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
3918 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
3919 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number,
3920 grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
3921 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
3922 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
3923 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
3924 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3925 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3926 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3927 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
3928 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
3929 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
3930 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, NEWSV, newSViv,
3931 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
3932 newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
3933 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free,
3934 perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef,
3935 PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK,
3936 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL,
3937 Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, scan_bin, scan_hex, scan_oct,
3938 sharedsv_find, sharedsv_init, sharedsv_lock, sharedsv_new,
3939 sharedsv_thrcnt_dec, sharedsv_thrcnt_inc, sharedsv_unlock, SP, SPAGAIN, ST,
3940 strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy,
3941 SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
3942 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX,
3943 SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
3944 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
3945 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
3946 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
3947 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx,
3948 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
3949 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV,
3950 SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
3951 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV,
3952 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
3953 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool, sv_2cv,
3954 sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
3955 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
3956 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
3957 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
3958 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
3959 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
3960 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
3961 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
3962 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
3963 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
3964 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
3965 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3966 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3967 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3968 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
3969 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
3970 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
3971 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
3972 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER,
3973 toUPPER, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
3974 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
3975 uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN,
3976 XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV,
3977 XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV,
3978 XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3986 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3993 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3994 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
3995 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4003 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4013 =item History and Background
4015 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4017 =item Data Structures
4019 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
4020 data for a particular handle
4022 =item Functions and Attributes
4024 =item Per-instance Data
4026 =item Layers in action.
4028 =item Per-instance flag bits
4030 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4031 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4032 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4033 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4035 =item Methods in Detail
4037 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4038 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4039 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4040 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4041 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4042 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4043 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4044 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4045 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4046 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4047 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4048 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4049 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4050 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4054 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4056 =item Extension Layers
4058 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4064 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4072 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4073 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4074 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4075 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4076 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4077 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4078 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4079 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4080 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4081 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4082 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4086 =item Co-existence with stdio
4088 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4089 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4091 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4093 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4094 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4095 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4096 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4098 =item Other Functions
4100 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4101 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4107 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4113 =item To do during 5.6.x
4117 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4119 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4121 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4123 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4125 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4129 =item use Thread for iThreads
4131 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4133 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4135 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4137 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4139 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4141 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4143 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4145 =item Complete signal handling
4147 =item Out-of-source builds
4149 =item POSIX realtime support
4151 =item UNIX98 support
4155 =item Long double conversion
4159 =item Thread-safe regexes
4161 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4163 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4165 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4167 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4169 =item Custom opcodes
4171 =item spawnvp() on Win32
4173 =item DLL Versioning
4175 =item Introduce @( and @)
4177 =item Floating point handling
4179 =item IV/UV preservation
4181 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4183 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4185 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4187 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4189 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4191 =item Document Win32 choices
4193 =item Check new modules
4195 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4199 =item To do at some point
4203 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4205 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4207 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4209 =item bitfields in pack
4211 =item Cross compilation
4213 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4215 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4217 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4219 =item -i rename file when changed
4221 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4223 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4225 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4227 =item my sub foo { }
4229 =item One-pass global destruction
4231 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4233 =item Cache recently used regexps
4235 =item Re-entrant functions
4237 =item Cross-compilation support
4239 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4241 =item debugger pragma
4243 =item use less pragma
4245 =item switch structures
4247 =item Cache eval tree
4251 =item Shrink opcode tables
4253 =item Optimize away @_
4255 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4259 =item Prototype method calls
4261 =item Return context prototype declarations
4265 =item Garbage collection
4269 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4271 =item Rewrite perldoc
4273 =item Install .3p manpages
4275 =item Unicode tutorial
4277 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4279 =item Retargetable installation
4281 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4283 =item Rename Win32 headers
4285 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4287 =item Update sprintf documentation
4289 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4297 =item ref() in list context
4299 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4301 =item Compile to real threaded code
4303 =item Structured types
4305 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4307 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4311 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4313 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4317 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4319 =item Constant function cache
4321 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4329 =item Update guts documentation
4331 =item Add more tests
4333 =item Update auxiliary tools
4337 =item Recently done things
4341 =item Safe signal handling
4347 =item setitimer and getimiter
4349 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4351 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4353 =item Explicit switch statements
4361 =item perlcc to produce executable
4363 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4365 =item Secure temporary file module
4367 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4369 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4371 =item Mmap for input
4373 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4375 =item Add sockatmark support
4377 =item Mailing list archives
4381 =item Integrate MacPerl
4383 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4385 =item Regular expression tutorial
4387 =item Debugging Tutorial
4389 =item Integrate new modules
4391 =item Integrate profiler
4393 =item Y2K error detection
4395 =item Regular expression debugger
4399 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4401 =item Cache precompiled modules
4405 =item Deprecated Wishes
4409 =item Loop control on do{}
4411 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4417 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4419 =item Named prototypes
4421 =item Built-in globbing
4423 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4425 =item Cached hash values
4427 =item Add compression modules
4429 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4431 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4433 =item Make XS easier to use
4435 =item Make embedding easier to use
4439 =item my $Package::variable
4441 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4443 =item "class"-based lexicals
4447 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4449 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4451 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4457 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4463 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4464 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4465 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4466 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4467 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4468 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4469 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4473 =item Keeping in sync
4475 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4476 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4478 =item Why rsync the source tree
4480 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4482 =item Why rsync the patches
4484 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4485 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4487 =item Submitting patches
4489 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4490 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4492 =item Finding Your Way Around
4494 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4496 =item Elements of the interpreter
4498 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4500 =item Internal Variable Types
4506 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4508 =item Millions of Macros
4510 =item Poking at Perl
4512 =item Using a source-level debugger
4514 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4515 finish, 'enter', print
4517 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4521 =item Patching a core module
4523 =item Adding a new function to the core
4525 =item Writing a test
4527 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4528 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>
4532 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4536 =item Rational Software's Purify
4538 =item Purify on Unix
4540 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4544 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4546 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4548 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4552 =item Gprof Profiling
4554 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4556 =item GCC gcov Profiling
4558 =item Pixie Profiling
4560 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4565 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4573 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4581 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4593 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4595 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4599 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4603 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4609 =item Reporting Bugs
4617 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
4623 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4625 =item Incompatible Changes
4629 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4631 =item AIX Dynaloading
4633 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
4635 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
4641 =item Core Enhancements
4643 =item Modules and Pragmata
4647 =item New Modules and Distributions
4649 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4653 =item Utility Changes
4655 =item New Documentation
4657 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4661 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4663 =item Generic Improvements
4667 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4671 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4675 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4677 =item Source Code Enhancements
4681 =item MAGIC constants
4683 =item Better commented code
4685 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
4693 =item Known Problems
4699 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
4701 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4703 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
4705 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configur
4707 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
4709 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4713 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
4715 =item Failure of Thread tests
4725 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4727 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4729 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
4731 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4733 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4735 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
4739 =item Reporting Bugs
4747 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4753 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4755 =item Incompatible Changes
4757 =item Core Enhancements
4761 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
4763 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
4765 =item Signals Are Now Safe
4769 =item Modules and Pragmata
4775 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4779 =item Performance Enhancements
4781 =item Utility Changes
4783 =item New Documentation
4799 =item README.solaris
4803 =item Porting/repository.pod
4807 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4811 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4813 =item Generic Improvements
4815 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4816 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4817 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4821 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4825 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4829 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4831 =item Changed Internals
4835 =item Known Problems
4839 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4841 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4843 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4845 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4849 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4851 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4853 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4855 =item Failure of Thread tests
4857 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4859 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4861 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4863 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4867 =item Reporting Bugs
4875 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4881 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4883 =item Incompatible Changes
4885 =item Core Enhancements
4887 =item Modules and Pragmata
4893 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4897 =item Utility Changes
4899 =item New Documentation
4901 =item Performance Enhancements
4903 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4907 =item Generic Improvements
4911 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4915 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4919 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4921 =item Changed Internals
4923 =item Known Problems
4927 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4929 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4931 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4933 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4935 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4937 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4939 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4941 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4943 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4945 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4949 =item Reporting Bugs
4957 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4963 =item Core Enhancements
4967 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4969 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4971 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4973 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4975 =item "our" declarations
4977 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4979 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4981 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4983 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4985 =item open() with more than two arguments
4987 =item 64-bit support
4989 =item Large file support
4995 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4997 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4999 =item File globbing implemented internally
5001 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5003 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5005 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5007 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5009 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5011 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5013 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5015 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5017 =item Comments in pack() templates
5019 =item Weak references
5021 =item Binary numbers supported
5023 =item Lvalue subroutines
5025 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5027 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5029 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5031 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5033 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5035 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5037 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5039 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5041 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5043 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5045 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5047 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5049 =item Improved diagnostics
5051 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5053 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5055 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5057 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5059 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5061 =item Improved security features
5063 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5065 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5067 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5069 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5071 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5073 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5075 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5079 =item Modules and Pragmata
5085 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5086 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5087 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5088 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5089 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5090 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5091 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5092 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5098 =item Utility Changes
5112 =item The Perl Debugger
5116 =item Improved Documentation
5118 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5119 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5120 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5121 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5123 =item Performance enhancements
5127 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5129 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5131 =item Faster subroutine calls
5133 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5137 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5141 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5143 =item New Configure flags
5145 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5151 =item -Duselargefiles
5153 =item installusrbinperl
5159 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5163 =item Platform specific changes
5167 =item Supported platforms
5171 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5179 =item Significant bug fixes
5183 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5185 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5187 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5189 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5191 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5193 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5195 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5197 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5199 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5201 =item Locale bugs fixed
5205 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5207 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5209 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5211 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5215 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5217 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5218 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5219 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5220 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5221 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5222 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5223 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5224 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5225 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5226 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5227 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5228 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5229 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5230 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5231 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5232 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5233 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5234 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5235 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5236 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5237 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5238 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5239 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5240 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5241 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5242 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5243 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5244 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5245 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5246 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5247 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5248 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5249 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5250 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5251 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5252 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5253 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5254 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5255 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5256 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5257 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5258 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5259 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5260 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5261 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5262 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5263 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5264 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5265 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5266 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5270 =item Incompatible Changes
5274 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5276 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5277 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5278 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5279 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5280 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5281 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5282 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5283 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5284 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5285 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5286 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5288 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5290 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5292 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5294 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5296 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5300 =item Known Problems
5304 =item Thread test failures
5306 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5308 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5310 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5312 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5315 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5317 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5319 =item Experimental features
5321 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5322 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5323 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5327 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5329 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5330 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5331 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5332 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5334 =item Reporting Bugs
5342 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5348 =item About the new versioning system
5350 =item Incompatible Changes
5354 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5356 =item Default installation structure has changed
5358 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5360 =item C Source Compatibility
5362 =item Binary Compatibility
5364 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5366 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5380 =item Regular Expressions
5382 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5383 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5384 improvements, Incompatible changes
5386 =item Improved malloc()
5388 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5390 =item Reliable signals
5392 =item Reliable stack pointers
5394 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5398 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5400 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5402 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5404 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5406 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5408 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5410 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5412 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5414 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5416 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5418 =item Better locale support
5420 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5422 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5424 =item Extended support for exception handling
5426 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5428 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5430 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5432 =item New C<lock> keyword
5434 =item New C<qr//> operator
5436 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5438 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5440 =item Tied handles support is better
5442 =item 4th argument to substr
5444 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5446 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5448 =item <> now reads in records
5452 =item Supported Platforms
5458 =item Changes in existing support
5462 =item Modules and Pragmata
5468 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5469 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5470 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5472 =item Changes in existing modules
5474 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5475 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5479 =item Utility Changes
5481 =item Documentation Changes
5483 =item New Diagnostics
5485 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5486 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5487 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5488 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5489 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5490 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5491 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5492 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5493 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5494 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5495 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5496 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5497 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5498 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5499 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5500 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5501 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5503 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5505 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5506 temporary file, regexp too big
5508 =item Configuration Changes
5518 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5524 =item Supported Environments
5530 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5532 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5534 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5536 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5538 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5540 =item More precise warnings
5542 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5544 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5546 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5548 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5550 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5552 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5554 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5556 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5558 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5560 =item Changes to tainting checks
5562 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5563 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5565 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5567 =item Embedding improvements
5569 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5571 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5573 =item New and changed syntax
5577 =item New and changed builtin constants
5581 =item New and changed builtin variables
5585 =item New and changed builtin functions
5587 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5588 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5589 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5590 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5591 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5593 =item New builtin methods
5595 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5597 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5599 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5600 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5602 =item Malloc enhancements
5604 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5606 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5610 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5626 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5627 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5633 =item Required Updates
5635 =item Installation directories
5637 =item Module information summary
5651 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5655 =item Utility Changes
5661 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5665 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5669 =item C Language API Changes
5671 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5674 =item Documentation Changes
5676 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5677 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5679 =item New Diagnostics
5681 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5682 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5683 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5684 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5685 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5686 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5687 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5688 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5689 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5690 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5691 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5692 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5693 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5694 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5695 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5696 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5697 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5698 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5699 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5700 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5701 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5702 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5703 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5704 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5705 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5715 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5723 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5727 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5729 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5731 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5733 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5739 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
5749 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
5759 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5773 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
5775 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5777 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5779 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5785 =item Accessing documentation
5789 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
5791 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
5793 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
5795 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
5799 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
5803 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
5805 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
5807 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
5809 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
5811 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
5821 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
5829 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
5831 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
5835 =item Contact Information
5841 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5851 =item gzip on BS2000
5853 =item bison on BS2000
5855 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
5857 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
5859 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
5861 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
5863 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
5865 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5867 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
5901 =item Acknowledgements
5907 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5913 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
5917 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5919 =item Cygwin Configuration
5921 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5925 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
5929 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
5931 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
5933 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5934 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5936 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
5938 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5939 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5941 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
5943 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5947 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
5951 =item Warnings on Cygwin
5957 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
5961 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
5963 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
5965 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
5967 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
5969 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
5971 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
5973 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5977 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
5979 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
5981 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5982 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5984 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
5992 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
6004 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
6008 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
6010 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
6012 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
6014 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
6024 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
6032 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
6034 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
6036 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
6038 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
6042 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
6044 =item PATH Names on Epoc
6046 =item Editors on Epoc
6048 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
6050 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
6052 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
6056 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
6064 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
6073 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
6083 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
6085 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
6087 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
6089 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
6091 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
6093 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
6095 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
6097 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
6099 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
6101 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
6103 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
6113 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
6121 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
6129 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
6138 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
6140 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
6142 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
6144 =item Building external modules on MachTen
6154 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6168 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
6174 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
6180 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6188 =item What's New in Perl ffor MPE/iX
6190 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
6192 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
6194 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6196 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
6198 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6199 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6201 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6205 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6207 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6209 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
6211 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
6213 =item Perl/iX Change History
6229 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
6241 =item Build new extensions
6245 =item Acknowledgements
6253 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6273 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6275 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6277 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6281 =item Frequently asked questions
6285 =item "It does not work"
6287 =item I cannot run external programs
6289 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6292 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6295 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6297 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6305 =item Automatic binary installation
6307 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6309 =item Manual binary installation
6311 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6312 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6313 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6314 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6315 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6321 =item Accessing documentation
6325 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6333 =item GNU C<info> files
6345 =item The short story
6349 =item Getting perl source
6351 =item Application of the patches
6359 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6362 =item Installing the built perl
6364 =item C<a.out>-style build
6372 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6374 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6376 =item Problems with tr or sed
6378 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6380 =item Library ... not found
6382 =item Segfault in make
6384 =item op/sprintf test failure
6388 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6392 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6396 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6398 =item Additional modules:
6400 =item Prebuilt methods:
6402 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6403 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6404 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6405 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6406 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6407 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6408 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6409 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6410 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6411 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6412 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6414 =item Prebuilt variables:
6416 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6422 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6425 =item Identifying DLLs
6427 =item Centralized management of resources
6443 =item F<perl___.exe>
6445 =item Why strange names?
6447 =item Why dynamic linking?
6449 =item Why chimera build?
6457 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6459 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6461 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6463 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6465 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6467 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6477 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
6479 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
6481 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
6484 =item DLL forwarder generation
6488 =item Calls to external programs
6490 =item Memory allocation
6494 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6510 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6520 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
6522 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
6524 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
6526 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
6528 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6530 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6532 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6534 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
6536 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6538 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
6548 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
6556 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
6564 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
6566 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
6568 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
6570 =item QNX auxiliary files
6574 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
6582 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
6592 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
6594 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
6596 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
6598 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
6602 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
6606 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
6618 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6626 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6632 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6638 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
6640 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
6642 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
6646 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6650 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6652 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
6654 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6658 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6660 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6661 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6662 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6668 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
6672 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
6674 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
6678 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
6682 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6684 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6688 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
6690 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
6692 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
6702 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
6703 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
6711 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
6713 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
6715 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
6717 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
6719 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
6721 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
6725 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
6731 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
6739 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
6741 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
6747 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6757 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
6759 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
6761 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
6763 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
6765 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
6775 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
6781 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6789 =item Organization of Perl Images
6795 =item Perl Extensions
6797 =item Installing static extensions
6799 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6803 =item File specifications
6809 =item Wildcard expansion
6815 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6821 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6823 =item Command line switches
6829 =item Perl functions
6831 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6832 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6833 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6834 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6836 =item Perl variables
6838 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
6840 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6854 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6862 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6866 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6870 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6872 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6876 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6880 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
6882 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
6886 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6894 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6896 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6908 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6918 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
6927 new, function, LIST, $threads->join, $threads->detach, threads->self,
6932 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
6935 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
6939 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32
6945 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6955 =item Built-in Attributes
6957 locked, method, lvalue
6959 =item Available Subroutines
6963 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6965 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6967 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6975 =item Default exports
6977 =item Available exports
6979 =item Export tags defined
6989 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7001 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
7017 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
7031 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
7045 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
7058 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
7067 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
7073 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
7083 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
7093 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
7104 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
7106 =item The I<splain> Program
7120 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
7134 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
7144 =item subpragma access
7150 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
7161 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
7171 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
7181 =item Adding directories to @INC
7183 =item Deleting directories from @INC
7185 =item Restoring original @INC
7195 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
7206 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
7214 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
7216 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
7222 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
7234 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
7244 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
7246 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
7248 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
7250 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
7252 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
7254 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
7256 =item Overloadable Operations
7258 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
7259 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
7260 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
7262 =item Inheritance and overloading
7264 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
7265 is inherited by derived classes
7269 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
7277 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
7279 =item Copy Constructor
7285 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
7287 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
7288 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
7289 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
7292 =item Losing overloading
7294 =item Run-time Overloading
7296 =item Public functions
7298 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
7300 =item Overloading constants
7302 integer, float, binary, q, qr
7304 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7306 =item Metaphor clash
7312 =item Two-face scalars
7314 =item Two-face references
7316 =item Symbolic calculator
7318 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
7326 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
7327 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7333 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7343 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
7355 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
7357 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
7361 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
7365 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
7373 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
7381 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
7385 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
7395 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
7404 new, function, LIST, $threads->join, $threads->detach, threads->self,
7409 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
7412 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
7416 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32
7422 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
7433 =item Utility functions
7435 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
7436 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
7444 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
7454 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
7462 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
7463 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
7464 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
7465 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
7466 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
7470 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
7472 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
7474 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
7484 =item DBM Comparisons
7494 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
7504 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
7508 =item Typed lexicals
7510 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
7512 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
7514 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
7516 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
7524 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
7525 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
7526 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
7527 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>
7537 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7547 =item Subroutine Stubs
7549 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7551 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7553 =item Package Lexicals
7555 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7557 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7567 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7575 $keep, $check, $modtime
7579 =item Multiple packages
7587 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7595 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7599 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7607 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7621 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7625 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7627 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7629 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7631 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7635 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7639 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7640 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7644 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7645 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7649 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7653 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7658 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7660 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7664 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7666 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7670 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7674 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7678 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7682 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7684 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7686 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7690 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7694 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7698 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7700 redoop, nextop, lastop
7702 =item B::COP METHODS
7704 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7708 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7710 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7711 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7712 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
7713 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
7720 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7733 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7745 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7757 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7767 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7768 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7769 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7779 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7789 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7790 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7800 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7810 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7811 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7812 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7824 =item Context of ".."
7828 =item Deprecated features
7836 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7846 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7847 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7848 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7850 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7852 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7853 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7854 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7855 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7856 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7857 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7858 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7859 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7865 =item OP flags abbreviations
7867 =item OP class abbreviations
7871 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
7877 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7889 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7899 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7900 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7902 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7912 =item ambient_pragmas
7914 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
7926 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7938 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7946 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7948 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7949 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7951 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7961 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7971 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7977 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7989 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
8001 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
8003 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
8015 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
8025 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
8033 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8045 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
8059 =item Standard Exports
8061 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
8062 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
8063 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
8065 =item Optional Exports
8067 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
8068 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
8069 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
8085 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
8089 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
8103 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8113 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8114 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8115 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8125 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
8137 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
8139 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
8141 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
8143 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
8145 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
8147 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
8149 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
8151 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
8153 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
8155 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
8157 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
8159 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
8161 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
8163 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
8165 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
8167 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
8169 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
8171 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
8172 B<:standard>, B<:all>
8176 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
8177 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
8180 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
8182 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
8183 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
8188 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
8192 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
8194 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
8196 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
8198 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
8200 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
8202 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
8204 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
8206 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
8207 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
8209 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
8213 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
8217 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
8219 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
8221 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
8223 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
8225 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
8227 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
8228 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
8230 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
8234 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
8238 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
8240 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
8242 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
8244 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
8248 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
8250 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
8252 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
8256 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
8258 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
8262 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
8266 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
8270 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
8274 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
8278 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
8280 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
8282 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
8286 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
8290 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
8296 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
8297 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
8299 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
8301 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
8302 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
8305 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
8311 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
8315 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
8317 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
8318 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
8319 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
8320 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
8321 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
8323 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
8325 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
8330 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
8332 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
8334 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
8335 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
8337 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
8339 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8343 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
8344 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
8345 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
8346 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
8347 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
8348 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
8349 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
8350 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
8351 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
8352 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
8353 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
8354 ...and many many more..
8356 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
8364 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
8374 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8382 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
8391 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
8393 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
8397 =item Changing the default message
8401 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
8411 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
8419 =item USING CGI::Cookie
8421 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
8425 =item Creating New Cookies
8427 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
8429 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
8431 =item Manipulating Cookies
8433 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
8437 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8445 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
8453 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
8455 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
8457 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
8459 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
8461 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
8463 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
8467 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8475 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
8485 =item Tags that won't be formatted
8487 =item Customizing the Indenting
8499 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
8507 =item USING CGI::Push
8509 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
8513 =item Heterogeneous Pages
8515 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
8519 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
8521 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8529 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
8539 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8547 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8555 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8561 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8571 =item Interactive Mode
8573 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8574 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8575 distribution, ls author, Signals
8583 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8585 =item Programmer's interface
8587 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8589 =item Methods in the other Classes
8591 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8592 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8593 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8594 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8595 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8596 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8597 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8598 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8599 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8600 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8601 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8602 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8603 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8604 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8605 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8606 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8607 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8608 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8609 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8610 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8611 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8612 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8613 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8614 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8615 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8616 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8624 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8628 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8634 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8635 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8636 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8637 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8641 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8643 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8651 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8653 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8657 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8659 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8661 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8667 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8679 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8689 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8702 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8712 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8720 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8722 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8732 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8733 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8734 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8736 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8744 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8754 =item The C<struct()> function
8756 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8758 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8760 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8761 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8763 =item Initializing with C<new>
8769 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8771 =item Author and Modification History
8775 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8783 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8795 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8799 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
8800 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
8801 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
8806 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8807 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8811 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8812 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8813 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8814 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
8815 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
8816 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8820 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8821 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8822 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8823 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8824 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
8825 C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>,
8826 C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>,
8827 C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
8828 C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>,
8829 C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
8830 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
8831 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
8832 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
8833 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
8834 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
8835 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
8836 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
8837 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
8838 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
8839 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
8840 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
8841 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
8842 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
8843 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
8844 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
8845 C<d_htonl>, C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
8846 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
8847 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>,
8848 C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>,
8849 C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>,
8850 C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>,
8851 C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>,
8852 C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
8853 C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
8854 C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>,
8855 C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>,
8856 C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>,
8857 C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>,
8858 C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
8859 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
8860 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
8861 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
8862 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
8863 C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>,
8864 C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>,
8865 C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>,
8866 C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
8867 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
8868 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
8869 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
8870 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
8871 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>,
8872 C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
8873 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>,
8874 C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>,
8875 C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
8876 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
8877 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
8878 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
8879 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
8880 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
8881 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
8882 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
8883 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
8884 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
8885 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>,
8886 C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>,
8887 C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
8888 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
8889 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
8890 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
8891 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
8892 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
8893 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
8894 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
8895 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
8896 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
8897 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8901 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8902 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
8906 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8907 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
8912 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8913 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8917 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8921 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8922 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8923 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>,
8924 C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
8925 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
8926 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
8927 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
8928 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
8929 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
8930 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
8931 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
8932 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
8933 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
8934 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
8935 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
8936 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
8937 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
8938 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
8939 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
8940 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
8941 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
8942 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
8943 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
8944 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
8948 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8952 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8953 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8954 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8955 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8956 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8957 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8961 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8962 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8963 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8967 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8968 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8972 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8973 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8974 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8975 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8979 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8980 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8984 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8985 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
8989 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8990 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8991 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8992 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8996 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
9000 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
9001 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
9005 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
9006 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
9007 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
9008 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
9009 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
9010 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
9011 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
9012 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
9013 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
9014 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
9015 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
9016 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
9017 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
9018 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
9022 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
9023 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
9027 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
9028 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
9029 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
9030 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
9031 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
9032 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
9033 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
9034 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
9035 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
9039 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
9040 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
9041 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
9042 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
9046 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
9050 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
9062 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
9072 =item getcwd and friends
9074 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
9076 =item abs_path and friends
9078 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
9090 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
9102 =item Global Variables
9104 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
9105 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
9110 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
9111 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
9113 =item Client Callback Methods
9115 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
9116 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
9117 CLIENT->output(LIST)
9127 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
9135 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
9139 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
9141 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
9143 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
9145 =item Default Parameters
9147 =item In Memory Databases
9155 =item A Simple Example
9163 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
9165 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
9167 =item The get_dup() Method
9169 =item The find_dup() Method
9171 =item The del_dup() Method
9173 =item Matching Partial Keys
9181 =item The 'bval' Option
9183 =item A Simple Example
9185 =item Extra RECNO Methods
9187 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
9188 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
9191 =item Another Example
9195 =item THE API INTERFACE
9197 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
9198 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
9199 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
9200 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
9204 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
9205 B<filter_fetch_value>
9211 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
9213 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
9217 =item HINTS AND TIPS
9221 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
9223 =item Safe ways to lock a database
9225 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
9227 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
9229 =item The untie() Gotcha
9233 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
9237 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
9239 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
9241 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
9243 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
9263 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
9264 printing and C<eval>
9276 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
9277 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
9278 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
9285 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
9287 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9288 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9289 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9290 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9291 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9292 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9293 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9294 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9295 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9296 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9297 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9298 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
9318 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
9326 =item PROFILE FORMAT
9338 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
9348 =item Memory footprint debugging
9356 =item A simple scalar string
9358 =item A simple scalar number
9360 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
9362 =item A reference to a simple scalar
9364 =item A reference to an array
9366 =item A reference to a hash
9368 =item Dumping a large array or hash
9370 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
9372 =item A reference to a subroutine
9386 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
9396 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
9404 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
9408 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
9409 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
9410 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9418 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9428 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9432 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
9433 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9445 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
9457 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
9469 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
9470 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
9471 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
9476 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
9477 veryCompact, set, get
9483 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9491 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
9492 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
9493 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
9494 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
9501 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
9514 =head2 Encode - character encodings
9532 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
9534 =item Types of Encodings
9536 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
9537 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
9539 =item Specifying Encodings
9541 1. By name, 2. As an object
9543 =item Encoding Names
9545 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
9546 The name used by the the organization that defined it
9550 =item PERL ENCODING API
9554 =item Generic Encoding Interface
9556 =item Handling Malformed Data
9558 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
9562 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
9564 =item Listing available encodings
9566 =item Defining Aliases
9568 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
9571 =item Defining Encodings
9575 =item Encoding and IO
9577 =item Encoding How to ...
9579 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
9580 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
9582 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
9584 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
9586 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
9588 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
9589 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9593 =item Compiled Encodings
9595 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9596 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9604 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9605 of the Encode extension
9611 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9619 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9621 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9627 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9635 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9648 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9663 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9679 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9691 =item Selecting What To Export
9693 =item Specialised Import Lists
9695 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9697 =item Module Version Checking
9699 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9701 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9707 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9717 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9738 mv source... destination
9740 cp source... destination
9758 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
9768 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, PVN, YES, NO, UNDEF
9778 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
9780 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
9784 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
9790 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
9793 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9795 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
9797 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
9798 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9806 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
9818 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
9819 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
9829 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
9839 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
9851 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
9852 packlist(), version()
9860 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
9868 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
9874 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
9884 =item VMS implementation
9886 =item Win32 implementation
9894 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9903 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9907 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9934 test_via_harness (o)
9936 tool_autosplit (override)
9954 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9969 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9981 =item Preloaded methods
10001 =item SelfLoaded methods
10047 file_name_is_absolute
10053 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
10093 maybe_command_in_dirs
10121 post_initialize (o)
10131 replace_manpage_separator
10145 test_via_harness (o)
10147 test_via_script (o)
10177 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10178 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10188 =item Methods always loaded
10200 =item SelfLoaded methods
10202 guess_name (override)
10206 find_perl (override)
10210 maybe_command (override)
10212 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
10214 perl_script (override)
10216 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10218 replace_manpage_separator
10220 init_others (override)
10222 constants (override)
10226 const_cccmd (override)
10228 pm_to_blib (override)
10230 tool_autosplit (override)
10232 tool_sxubpp (override)
10234 xsubpp_version (override)
10236 tools_other (override)
10246 top_targets (override)
10250 dynamic_lib (override)
10252 dynamic_bs (override)
10254 static_lib (override)
10256 manifypods (override)
10258 processPL (override)
10260 installbin (override)
10262 subdir_x (override)
10266 realclean (override)
10268 dist_basics (override)
10270 dist_core (override)
10272 dist_dir (override)
10274 dist_test (override)
10278 perldepend (override)
10280 makefile (override)
10284 test_via_harness (override)
10286 test_via_script (override)
10288 makeaperl (override)
10290 nicetext (override)
10292 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10293 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10319 test_via_harness (o)
10321 tool_autosplit (override)
10339 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
10349 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
10351 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
10359 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
10363 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
10365 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
10367 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
10369 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
10371 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
10372 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
10373 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
10374 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
10375 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
10376 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
10377 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
10378 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
10379 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
10380 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
10381 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
10382 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
10383 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
10384 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION,
10385 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
10387 =item Additional lowercase attributes
10389 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
10392 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
10394 =item Hintsfile support
10396 =item Distribution Support
10398 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
10399 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
10400 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
10402 =item Disabling an extension
10416 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
10424 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
10428 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
10432 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
10433 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
10437 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
10445 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
10457 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
10467 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
10476 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
10484 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
10496 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
10504 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
10514 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
10526 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
10536 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
10540 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
10548 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
10552 C<basename>, C<dirname>
10556 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
10566 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
10580 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
10590 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
10592 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
10604 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
10612 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
10624 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
10632 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
10633 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
10634 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
10644 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
10652 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
10653 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
10654 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
10658 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
10666 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
10678 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
10688 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
10689 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
10690 splitdir, catpath, abs2rel, rel2abs
10698 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
10732 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10750 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
10778 file_name_is_absolute
10798 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
10808 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
10841 file_name_is_absolute
10863 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
10879 =item Methods always loaded
10881 canonpath (override)
10899 case_tolerant (override)
10903 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10905 splitpath (override)
10907 splitdir (override)
10921 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
10951 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10975 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10989 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10999 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
11007 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
11015 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
11017 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
11029 =item Temporary files and NFS
11041 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
11055 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
11067 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
11075 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
11081 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
11095 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
11097 =item All-in-one interface
11099 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
11111 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
11121 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
11125 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
11127 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
11135 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
11137 =item Example 2: Using the context
11139 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
11141 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
11145 =item Filter::Simple
11153 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
11161 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
11171 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
11187 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
11195 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
11197 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
11201 =item Simple options
11203 =item A little bit less simple options
11205 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
11207 =item Options with values
11209 =item Options with multiple values
11211 =item Options with hash values
11213 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
11215 =item Options with multiple names
11217 =item Case and abbreviations
11219 =item Summary of Option Specifications
11221 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
11225 =item Advanced Possibilities
11229 =item Object oriented interface
11231 =item Documentation and help texts
11233 =item Storing options in a hash
11237 =item The lonesome dash
11239 =item Argument call-back
11243 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
11245 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
11246 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
11247 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
11248 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
11249 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
11251 =item Return values and Errors
11257 =item Default destinations
11259 =item Alternative option starters
11261 =item Configuration variables
11265 =item Trouble Shooting
11269 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
11271 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
11278 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11282 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
11293 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
11304 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
11315 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
11317 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
11319 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11321 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11323 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
11325 the function super_languages($lang1)
11327 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
11329 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
11331 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
11333 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
11337 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
11339 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
11349 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
11357 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
11359 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
11361 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
11362 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
11363 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
11364 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
11365 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
11366 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
11367 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
11368 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
11369 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
11370 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
11371 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
11372 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
11373 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
11374 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
11375 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
11376 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
11377 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
11378 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
11379 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
11380 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
11381 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
11382 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
11383 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
11384 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
11385 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
11386 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
11387 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
11388 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
11389 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
11390 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
11391 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
11392 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
11393 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
11394 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
11395 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
11396 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
11397 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
11398 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
11399 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
11400 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
11401 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
11402 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
11403 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
11404 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
11405 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
11406 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
11407 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
11408 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
11409 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
11410 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
11411 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
11412 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
11413 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
11414 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
11415 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
11416 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
11417 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
11418 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
11419 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
11420 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
11421 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
11422 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
11423 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
11424 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
11425 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
11426 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
11427 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
11428 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
11429 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
11430 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
11431 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
11432 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
11433 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
11434 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
11435 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
11436 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
11437 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
11438 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
11439 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
11440 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
11441 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
11442 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
11443 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
11444 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
11445 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
11446 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
11447 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
11448 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
11449 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
11450 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
11451 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
11452 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
11453 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
11454 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
11455 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
11456 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
11457 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
11458 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
11459 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
11460 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
11461 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
11462 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
11463 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
11464 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
11465 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
11466 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
11467 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
11468 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
11469 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
11470 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
11471 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
11472 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
11473 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
11474 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
11475 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
11476 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
11477 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
11478 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
11479 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
11483 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11489 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
11507 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
11511 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
11521 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
11529 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11530 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11540 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11550 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11554 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11562 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
11572 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11576 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11577 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11578 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11579 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11591 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11601 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11605 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11615 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11625 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11626 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11636 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
11644 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11645 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11654 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
11664 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11668 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11669 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11670 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11680 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
11694 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11695 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11705 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
11721 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11734 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
11748 hostpath(), peerpath()
11758 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
11767 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11768 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11778 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11788 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11792 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11800 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
11811 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11815 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11816 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11817 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11818 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11830 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11840 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11844 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11854 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11864 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11865 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11875 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
11884 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11885 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11894 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
11905 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11909 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11910 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11911 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11921 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
11936 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11937 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11947 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
11948 AF_INET domain sockets
11964 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11977 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
11978 AF_UNIX domain sockets
11992 hostpath(), peerpath()
12002 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
12012 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
12013 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
12024 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
12038 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
12051 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
12061 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12062 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12063 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12074 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
12092 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
12102 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
12103 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
12114 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
12125 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12126 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12127 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12138 =head2 Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util - utility functions for Hangul Syllables
12148 =item Composition and Decomposition
12150 C<$string_decomposed = decomposeHangul($codepoint)>, C<@codepoints =
12151 decomposeHangul($codepoint)>, C<$string_composed =
12152 composeHangul($src_string)>, C<@codepoints_composed =
12153 composeHangul($src_string)>
12155 =item Hangul Syllable Name
12157 C<$name = getHangulName($codepoint)>, C<$codepoint =
12158 parseHangulName($name)>
12168 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15
12172 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
12180 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12181 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
12183 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12189 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
12190 general-utility list subroutines
12198 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12199 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
12201 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12207 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
12208 general-utility scalar subroutines
12216 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
12217 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
12225 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
12233 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12237 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
12245 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
12257 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
12263 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12265 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
12266 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
12272 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12274 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
12280 =item CODE ALIASING
12290 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12294 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
12295 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
12296 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
12297 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
12305 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
12306 identification (ISO 4217)
12324 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12326 code2currency(), currency2code()
12332 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12334 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
12342 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12346 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
12354 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
12371 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12373 code2language(), language2code()
12379 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12381 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
12389 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12393 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
12394 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
12402 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
12410 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12416 =item Construction Methods
12418 =item The "maketext" Method
12420 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
12422 =item Utility Methods
12424 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
12425 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
12426 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
12427 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
12429 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
12433 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
12435 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
12437 =item BRACKET NOTATION
12439 =item AUTO LEXICONS
12441 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
12443 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
12447 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12453 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
12461 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
12465 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
12467 =item The Linguistic View
12469 =item Breaking gettext
12471 =item Replacing gettext
12473 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
12475 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
12477 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
12479 =item Buzzword: Concision
12481 =item The Devil in the Details
12483 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
12491 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
12499 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
12503 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
12511 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
12512 of quoted-printable strings
12520 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12526 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
12535 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12541 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
12551 =item Canonical notation
12555 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
12557 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
12561 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
12562 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
12570 =item Autocreating constants
12576 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
12584 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
12592 Canonical notation, Input, Output
12594 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
12604 =item Rounding mode R
12606 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
12607 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
12608 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
12621 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
12627 use Math::BigInt qw(bstr);
12629 =item Autocreating constants
12635 =item Alternative math libraries
12641 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
12645 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), bdiv, bdiv, Modifying and =,
12646 bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt()
12656 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
12666 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
12670 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
12672 the same terms as Perl itself.
12680 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
12693 =item STRINGIFICATION
12697 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
12703 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
12705 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
12713 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
12721 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
12727 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
12729 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
12733 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12735 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
12739 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
12741 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12743 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
12744 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
12748 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
12754 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
12764 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
12782 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
12784 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
12788 =item OTHER FACILITIES
12794 =item C<flush_cache>
12800 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
12802 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
12810 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
12816 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
12825 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
12836 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
12848 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12856 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12864 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
12873 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
12882 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
12899 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
12907 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
12915 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12921 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12925 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12929 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
12939 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
12945 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
12955 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
12958 =item CLASS METHODS
12960 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
12961 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
12962 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
12972 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
12982 requires_firewall HOST
12984 =item NetConfig VALUES
12986 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
12987 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
12988 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
12992 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
13001 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
13009 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
13021 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
13025 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
13026 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
13027 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
13028 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
13029 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
13030 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
13031 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
13032 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
13033 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
13034 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
13035 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
13036 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
13037 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
13041 =item Methods for the adventurous
13047 =item THE dataconn CLASS
13049 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
13050 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
13052 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
13054 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
13056 =item REPORTING BUGS
13064 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
13072 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
13082 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
13086 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
13087 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
13088 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
13089 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
13090 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
13095 =item Extension methods
13097 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
13098 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
13099 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
13100 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
13109 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
13119 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
13131 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
13135 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
13136 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
13137 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
13138 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
13150 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
13158 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
13164 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
13165 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
13173 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
13185 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
13189 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), mail ( ADDRESS [,
13190 OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail (
13191 ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ),
13192 to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc (
13193 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify
13194 ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
13204 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
13212 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
13213 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
13221 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
13238 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
13246 =item Where to get this document
13248 =item How to contribute to this document
13252 =item Author and Copyright Information
13260 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
13264 =item What is libnet ?
13266 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
13268 =item What other modules do I need ?
13270 =item What machines support libnet ?
13272 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
13276 =item Using Net::FTP
13280 =item How do I download files from a FTP server ?
13282 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
13284 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
13286 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
13289 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
13291 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
13293 =item How do I get a directory listing from a FTP server ?
13295 =item Changeing directory to "" does not fail ?
13297 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
13299 =item I am behind a FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
13302 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
13304 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
13307 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
13310 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
13314 =item Using Net::SMTP
13318 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
13321 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
13323 =item The verify method always returns true ?
13327 =item Debugging scripts
13331 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
13335 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
13339 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
13356 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
13371 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
13388 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
13396 =item THE .netrc FILE
13398 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
13403 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
13407 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
13417 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
13427 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13433 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
13441 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13447 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13451 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13455 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
13467 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
13469 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
13470 or optag, an operator set (opset)
13472 =item Opcode Functions
13474 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
13475 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
13476 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
13479 =item Manipulating Opsets
13481 =item TO DO (maybe)
13487 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
13489 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
13490 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
13491 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
13500 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
13509 a new namespace, an operator mask
13515 =item RECENT CHANGES
13517 =item Methods in class Safe
13519 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13520 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13521 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13522 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13524 =item Some Safety Issues
13526 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13534 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
13547 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
13561 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
13562 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
13563 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
13564 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
13565 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
13566 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
13567 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
13568 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
13569 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
13570 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
13571 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
13572 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
13573 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
13574 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
13575 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
13576 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
13577 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
13578 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
13579 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
13580 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
13581 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
13582 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
13583 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
13584 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
13585 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
13592 =item POSIX::SigAction
13596 =item POSIX::SigSet
13598 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
13600 =item POSIX::Termios
13602 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
13603 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
13604 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
13605 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
13606 values, c_oflag field values
13610 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
13614 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
13618 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
13676 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
13685 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
13689 =item Defaults and how to override them
13699 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
13709 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
13717 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
13718 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
13719 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
13720 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
13721 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
13722 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
13723 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
13727 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
13733 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
13739 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
13751 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
13752 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
13753 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
13754 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
13755 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
13756 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
13757 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
13758 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
13763 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
13764 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
13765 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
13766 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
13767 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
13768 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
13772 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
13773 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
13785 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
13787 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
13790 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
13792 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
13794 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
13796 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
13798 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
13806 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
13818 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
13820 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
13827 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
13833 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
13835 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
13842 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
13854 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
13864 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
13865 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
13880 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
13893 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
13894 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
13900 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
13924 =item B<was_cutting()>
13930 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
13936 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
13942 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13948 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
13954 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13960 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
13966 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
13972 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13978 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13984 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
13990 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
13996 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
14002 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
14008 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
14014 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
14020 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14026 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
14032 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
14038 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
14044 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
14050 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
14056 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
14062 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
14068 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
14074 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
14080 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
14086 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
14092 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14098 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
14110 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
14122 =item OBJECT METHODS
14130 =item Data Accessors
14146 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
14148 B<StartWithNewPage>
14162 =item Subclassed methods
14176 B<interior_sequence>
14192 =item Methods for headings
14200 =item Internal methods
14206 B<_replace_special_chars>
14212 B<_clean_latex_commands>
14228 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
14236 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
14241 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
14242 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
14243 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown sequence %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back
14251 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14255 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
14269 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
14277 $list-E<gt>indent()
14285 $list-E<gt>parent()
14291 =item Pod::Hyperlink
14293 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
14297 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
14299 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
14303 $link-E<gt>warning()
14305 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
14311 $link-E<gt>alttext()
14321 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
14327 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
14331 =item Pod::Cache::Item
14333 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
14337 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
14339 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
14341 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
14343 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
14345 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
14347 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
14349 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
14359 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
14371 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14373 =item PARSING OPTIONS
14375 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
14376 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
14382 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14390 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14396 =item B<verbatim()>
14398 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14404 =item B<textblock()>
14406 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14412 =item B<interior_sequence()>
14418 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14430 =item B<initialize()>
14436 =item B<begin_pod()>
14442 =item B<begin_input()>
14448 =item B<end_input()>
14460 =item B<preprocess_line()>
14466 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
14472 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
14478 =item B<parse_text()>
14480 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
14481 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
14482 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
14488 =item B<interpolate()>
14494 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
14500 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
14506 =item B<parse_from_file()>
14512 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
14518 =item B<errorsub()>
14530 =item B<parseopts()>
14536 =item B<output_file()>
14542 =item B<output_handle()>
14548 =item B<input_file()>
14554 =item B<input_handle()>
14560 =item B<input_streams()>
14566 =item B<top_stream()>
14572 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14578 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
14584 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
14590 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
14598 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
14618 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
14631 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
14633 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
14639 =item OBJECT METHODS
14645 =item B<curr_headings()>
14657 =item B<add_selection()>
14663 =item B<clear_selections()>
14669 =item B<match_section()>
14675 =item B<is_selected()>
14681 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
14687 =item B<podselect()>
14689 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
14695 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14701 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
14707 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
14713 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
14725 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
14733 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
14737 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
14738 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
14739 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
14749 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14753 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
14767 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14771 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
14786 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14790 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
14791 text with format escapes
14803 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14807 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
14816 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
14825 =item Recommended Use
14833 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
14837 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
14845 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14851 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14855 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14859 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
14867 a new namespace, an operator mask
14873 =item RECENT CHANGES
14875 =item Methods in class Safe
14877 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14878 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14879 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14880 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14882 =item Some Safety Issues
14884 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14892 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
14900 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
14901 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14909 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
14919 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
14929 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
14939 =item The __DATA__ token
14941 =item SelfLoader autoloading
14943 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
14945 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
14947 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
14949 =item Classes and inherited methods.
14953 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
14957 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
14967 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
14975 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
14976 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
14984 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
14985 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
14986 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
14987 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
14988 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
14992 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
15002 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
15006 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
15008 =item ERROR REPORTING
15016 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
15021 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
15022 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
15046 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
15060 =item Allowing fall-through
15062 =item Automating fall-through
15064 =item Alternative syntax
15066 =item Higher-order Operations
15080 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
15090 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
15102 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
15103 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15111 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15112 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15123 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
15124 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15132 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15133 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15144 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
15154 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
15155 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
15156 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
15160 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
15174 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
15186 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
15194 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
15204 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
15205 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
15213 =item Minimal set of supported functions
15215 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
15216 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
15218 =item Additional supported functions
15220 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
15230 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
15256 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
15260 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15270 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
15280 =item The test script output
15282 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
15283 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
15284 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
15288 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
15313 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
15314 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
15315 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
15316 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
15320 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
15321 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
15336 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
15346 =item I love it when a plan comes together
15350 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
15380 =item Conditional tests
15390 =item Comparision functions
15404 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15406 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family have some caveats, Test::Harness
15417 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
15449 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Pod::Tests>, L<SelfTest>,
15454 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
15462 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
15464 =item Where to start?
15468 =item Test the manual
15470 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
15472 =item Testing lots of values
15474 =item Informative names
15476 =item Skipping tests
15480 =item Testing with taint mode.
15488 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
15500 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
15510 =item General behaviour in list contexts
15514 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
15516 =item A note about prefixes
15518 =item C<extract_delimited>
15520 =item C<extract_bracketed>
15522 =item C<extract_tagged>
15524 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
15525 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
15527 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
15529 =item C<extract_quotelike>
15531 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
15533 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
15535 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
15537 =item C<extract_codeblock>
15539 =item C<extract_multiple>
15541 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
15547 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
15548 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
15549 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
15550 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
15551 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
15552 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
15553 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
15554 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
15555 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
15556 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
15557 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
15558 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
15563 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15569 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
15584 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
15601 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
15616 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
15630 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
15643 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
15644 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
15645 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
15649 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
15657 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
15665 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15667 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
15673 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
15681 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15683 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
15687 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
15699 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
15709 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
15717 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
15718 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
15719 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
15720 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
15728 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
15737 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
15738 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
15739 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
15740 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
15742 =item MORE INFORMATION
15744 =item COMPATIBILITY
15748 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
15756 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
15757 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
15761 =item MORE INFORMATION
15765 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
15783 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
15792 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
15794 =item MORE INFORMATION
15798 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
15810 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday
15818 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
15819 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
15820 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
15821 getitimer ( $which )
15837 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
15845 =item IMPLEMENTATION
15851 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
15866 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
15881 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
15893 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
15901 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
15902 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
15906 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
15916 =item Constructor and Tailoring
15918 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
15919 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
15920 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
15922 =item Other methods
15924 C<@sorted = $UCA-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result = $UCA-E<gt>cmp($a,
15925 $b)>, C<$sortKey = $UCA-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
15926 $UCA-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
15927 $UCA-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
15939 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, L<Unicode::Normalize>, Unicode Collation
15940 Algorithm - Unicode TR #10
15944 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text
15952 C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>,
15953 C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>,
15954 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)>
15966 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
15970 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
16012 =item Blocks versus Scripts
16014 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
16016 =item Code Point Arguments
16042 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
16048 =item Implementation Note
16058 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
16073 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
16084 =item System Specifics
16098 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
16106 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
16108 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
16109 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
16110 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
16111 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
16112 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
16113 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
16114 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
16115 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
16116 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
16117 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
16118 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
16119 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
16120 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
16121 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
16122 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
16123 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
16129 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
16147 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
16159 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
16161 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
16162 don't all have manual pages yet:
16188 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles