3 # !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
4 # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
5 # Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
10 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
14 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
15 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
16 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
18 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
20 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
32 =item Reference Manual
34 =item Internals and C Language Interface
38 =item Language-Specific
40 =item Platform-Specific
64 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
74 =item Running Perl programs
76 =item Basic syntax overview
78 =item Perl variable types
80 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
82 =item Variable scoping
84 =item Conditional and looping constructs
86 if, while, for, foreach
88 =item Builtin operators and functions
90 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
95 =item Regular expressions
97 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
98 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
100 =item Writing subroutines
104 =item Using Perl modules
112 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
118 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
126 =item Making References
128 =item Using References
146 =item Distribution Conditions
152 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
158 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
159 more elaborate constructs
163 =item COMMON MISTAKES
165 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
167 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
173 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
177 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
179 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
181 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
185 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
189 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
191 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
193 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
197 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
201 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
203 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
205 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
209 =item HASHES OF HASHES
213 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
215 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
217 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
221 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
225 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
227 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
229 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
241 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
249 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
251 =item Growing Your Own
253 =item Access and Printing
265 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
275 =item Simple word matching
277 =item Using character classes
279 =item Matching this or that
281 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
283 =item Extracting matches
285 =item Matching repetitions
289 =item Search and replace
291 =item The split operator
299 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
303 =item Acknowledgments
309 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
315 =item Part 1: The basics
319 =item Simple word matching
321 =item Using character classes
323 =item Matching this or that
325 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
327 =item Extracting matches
329 =item Matching repetitions
331 =item Building a regexp
333 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
337 =item Part 2: Power tools
341 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
343 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
345 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
347 =item Non-capturing groupings
349 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
351 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
353 =item Conditional expressions
355 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
357 =item Pragmas and debugging
365 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
369 =item Acknowledgments
375 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
383 =item If we could talk to the animals...
385 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
387 =item Invoking a barnyard
389 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
391 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
393 =item Inheriting the windpipes
395 =item A few notes about @ISA
397 =item Overriding the methods
399 =item Starting the search from a different place
401 =item The SUPER way of doing things
403 =item Where we're at so far...
405 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
407 =item Invoking an instance method
409 =item Accessing the instance data
411 =item How to build a horse
413 =item Inheriting the constructor
415 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
417 =item Adding parameters to a method
419 =item More interesting instances
421 =item A horse of a different color
433 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
439 =item Creating a Class
443 =item Object Representation
445 =item Class Interface
447 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
449 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
453 =item Other Object Methods
461 =item Accessing Class Data
463 =item Debugging Methods
465 =item Class Destructors
467 =item Documenting the Interface
477 =item Overridden Methods
479 =item Multiple Inheritance
481 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
485 =item Alternate Object Representations
489 =item Arrays as Objects
491 =item Closures as Objects
495 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
499 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
501 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
505 =item Metaclassical Tools
511 =item Data Members as Variables
519 =item Object Terminology
525 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
531 =item Acknowledgments
537 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
543 =item Class Data in a Can
545 =item Class Data as Package Variables
549 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
551 =item Inheritance Concerns
553 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
555 =item Indirect References to Class Data
557 =item Monadic Classes
559 =item Translucent Attributes
563 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
567 =item Privacy and Responsibility
569 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
571 =item More Inheritance Concerns
573 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
575 =item Translucency Revisited
583 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
585 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
591 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
597 =item OO SCALING TIPS
599 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
601 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
603 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
605 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
607 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
609 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
611 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
613 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
615 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
623 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
631 =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
643 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
651 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
669 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
671 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
672 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
673 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
674 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
676 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
678 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
679 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
680 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
684 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
686 =item Numerical Traps
688 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
690 =item General data type traps
692 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
693 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
695 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
697 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
699 =item Precedence Traps
701 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
704 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
706 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
707 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
708 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
710 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
712 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
718 =item Interpolation Traps
720 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
721 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
727 =item Unclassified Traps
729 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
736 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
744 =item Looking at data and -w and v
748 =item Stepping through code
750 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
752 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
770 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31
779 =item Where to get the perlfaq
781 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
783 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
790 =item Author and Copyright Information
794 =item Bundled Distributions
800 =item Table of Contents
802 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
803 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
804 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
805 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
806 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
812 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
814 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
816 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
818 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
820 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
822 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
824 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
826 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
828 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
834 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
835 2003/07/09 15:47:28 $)
845 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
847 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
849 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
855 =item How stable is Perl?
857 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
859 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
862 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
864 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
866 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
868 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
870 =item What is a JAPH?
872 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
874 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
875 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
879 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
883 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.20 $,
884 $Date: 2003/01/26 17:50:56 $)
892 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
894 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
896 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
898 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
901 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
902 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
904 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
905 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
907 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
909 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
911 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
913 =item Where should I post source code?
917 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
919 =item Perl in Magazines
921 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
923 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
925 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
927 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
929 =item Where do I send bug reports?
931 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
935 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
939 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.33 $, $Date: 2003/01/31
948 =item How do I do (anything)?
950 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
952 =item Is there a Perl shell?
954 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
956 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
958 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
960 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
962 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
964 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
966 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
968 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
969 GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
970 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
972 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
974 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
976 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
978 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
980 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
982 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
984 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
986 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
987 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
989 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
991 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
993 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
995 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
997 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
999 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
1001 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
1003 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
1005 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
1007 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
1009 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
1011 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
1013 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
1014 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
1016 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
1018 =item What's MakeMaker?
1022 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1026 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.44 $, $Date: 2003/07/28
1037 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
1038 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
1040 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
1042 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
1045 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
1047 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
1048 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
1049 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
1050 from decimal to binary
1052 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
1054 =item How do I multiply matrices?
1056 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
1058 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
1060 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
1062 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
1070 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
1072 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
1074 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
1076 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
1078 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
1080 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
1082 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
1090 =item How do I validate input?
1092 =item How do I unescape a string?
1094 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
1096 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
1098 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
1100 =item How do I reverse a string?
1102 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
1104 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
1106 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
1108 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1110 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
1113 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
1115 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
1118 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
1120 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
1122 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
1124 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
1126 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
1128 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
1130 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
1132 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
1133 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
1142 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
1144 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
1146 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
1150 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
1153 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
1154 intersection of two arrays?
1156 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
1158 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
1160 =item How do I handle linked lists?
1162 =item How do I handle circular lists?
1164 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
1166 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
1168 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
1170 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
1172 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
1174 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
1176 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
1180 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
1184 =item How do I process an entire hash?
1186 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
1189 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
1191 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
1193 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
1195 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
1197 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
1199 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
1201 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
1203 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
1205 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
1207 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
1209 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
1212 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
1213 array of hashes or arrays?
1215 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
1223 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
1225 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
1227 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
1229 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
1231 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
1233 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
1235 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
1239 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1243 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
1252 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
1254 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
1255 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
1257 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
1259 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
1261 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
1263 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
1265 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
1266 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
1268 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
1270 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
1272 =item How can I write() into a string?
1274 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
1276 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
1278 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
1280 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
1283 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
1285 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
1287 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
1289 =item How can I lock a file?
1291 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
1293 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
1294 the file. How can I do this?
1296 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
1297 file. Do I still have to use locking?
1299 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
1301 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
1303 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
1305 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
1307 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
1309 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
1311 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
1313 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
1315 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
1317 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
1319 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
1321 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
1322 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
1324 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
1326 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
1327 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
1329 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
1331 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
1335 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1339 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03
1348 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
1349 and unmaintainable code?
1351 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
1353 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
1355 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
1358 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
1360 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
1363 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
1365 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
1367 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
1369 =item What is C</o> really for?
1371 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
1374 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
1376 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
1378 =item How do I process each word on each line?
1380 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
1382 =item How can I do approximate matching?
1384 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
1386 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
1388 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
1390 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
1392 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
1394 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
1396 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
1398 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
1402 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1406 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date:
1407 2003/07/24 02:17:21 $)
1415 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
1417 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
1420 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
1423 =item How do I skip some return values?
1425 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
1427 =item What's an extension?
1429 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
1431 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
1433 =item How do I create a module?
1435 =item How do I create a class?
1437 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
1439 =item What's a closure?
1441 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
1443 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
1446 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
1449 =item How do I create a static variable?
1451 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
1452 Between local() and my()?
1454 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
1457 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
1459 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
1461 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
1463 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
1465 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
1467 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
1470 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1472 =item How can I find out my current package?
1474 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
1476 =item How do I clear a package?
1478 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
1480 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
1484 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1488 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
1497 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
1499 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
1501 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
1503 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
1505 =item How do I print something out in color?
1507 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
1509 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
1511 =item How do I clear the screen?
1513 =item How do I get the screen size?
1515 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
1517 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
1519 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
1521 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
1523 =item How do I start a process in the background?
1525 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
1527 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
1529 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
1531 =item How do I set the time and date?
1533 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
1535 =item How can I measure time under a second?
1537 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
1539 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
1540 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
1542 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
1544 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
1546 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1548 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1550 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1552 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1554 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1556 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1558 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1560 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1563 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1565 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1567 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1569 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1572 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
1573 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
1574 changes to be visible?
1578 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1581 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1583 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1585 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1587 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1589 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1591 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1593 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1595 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1597 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1599 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1601 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1603 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1606 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
1608 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1612 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1616 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57
1625 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
1627 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1630 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1632 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1634 =item How do I extract URLs?
1636 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1637 file on another machine?
1639 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
1641 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1643 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1645 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1647 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1649 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1651 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1653 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1654 CGI script to do bad things?
1656 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1658 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1660 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1662 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1664 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1666 =item How do I send mail?
1668 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
1670 =item How do I read mail?
1672 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
1674 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1676 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1678 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1682 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1686 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1698 =item Simple Statements
1700 =item Compound Statements
1708 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1712 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1714 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1720 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1728 =item Variable names
1734 =item Scalar value constructors
1736 =item List value constructors
1742 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1750 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1760 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1762 =item The Arrow Operator
1764 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1766 =item Exponentiation
1768 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1770 =item Binding Operators
1772 =item Multiplicative Operators
1774 =item Additive Operators
1776 =item Shift Operators
1778 =item Named Unary Operators
1780 =item Relational Operators
1782 =item Equality Operators
1786 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1788 =item C-style Logical And
1790 =item C-style Logical Or
1792 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
1794 =item Range Operators
1796 =item Conditional Operator
1798 =item Assignment Operators
1800 =item Comma Operator
1802 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1808 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
1810 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1812 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1814 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1816 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1818 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1819 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1820 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1821 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
1823 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
1825 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
1826 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
1827 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
1828 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
1833 =item Constant Folding
1835 =item Bitwise String Operators
1837 =item Integer Arithmetic
1839 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1841 =item Bigger Numbers
1847 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1857 =item Private Variables via my()
1859 =item Persistent Private Variables
1861 =item Temporary Values via local()
1863 =item Lvalue subroutines
1865 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
1867 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1869 =item When to Still Use local()
1871 =item Pass by Reference
1875 =item Constant Functions
1877 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
1881 =item Subroutine Attributes
1889 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1897 =item Perl Functions by Category
1899 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1900 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1901 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1902 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1903 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1904 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1905 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1906 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1907 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1908 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1913 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1915 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1916 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1917 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
1918 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
1919 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
1920 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
1921 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
1922 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
1923 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
1924 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
1925 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
1926 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
1927 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
1928 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
1929 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
1930 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
1931 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
1932 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
1933 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
1934 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
1935 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
1936 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
1937 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
1938 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1939 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
1940 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
1941 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
1942 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1943 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
1944 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
1945 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
1946 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
1947 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
1948 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
1949 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
1950 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
1951 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
1952 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
1953 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
1954 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
1955 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
1956 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
1957 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
1958 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
1959 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
1960 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
1961 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
1962 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
1963 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1964 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1965 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1966 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1967 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1968 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1969 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1970 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1971 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
1972 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
1973 parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
1974 width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
1975 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
1976 (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
1977 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
1978 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1979 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1980 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1981 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
1982 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
1983 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1984 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1985 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1986 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1987 TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
1988 Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
1989 VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1990 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1996 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
2002 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
2008 =item Indirect Filehandles
2012 =item The Minus File
2014 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
2020 =item Open E<agrave> la C
2024 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
2028 =item Obscure Open Tricks
2032 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
2034 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
2036 =item Paths as Opens
2038 =item Single Argument Open
2040 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
2044 =item Other I/O Issues
2048 =item Opening Non-File Files
2050 =item Opening Named Pipes
2052 =item Opening Sockets
2064 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
2070 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
2076 =item The Basic Principle
2080 =item Packing Numbers
2086 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
2088 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
2090 =item Floating point Numbers
2094 =item Exotic Templates
2106 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
2110 =item Template Grouping
2112 =item Lengths and Widths
2116 =item String Lengths
2118 =item Dynamic Templates
2120 =item Counting Repetitions
2124 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
2128 =item The Alignment Pit
2130 =item Alignment, Take 2
2132 =item Alignment, Take 3
2134 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
2140 =item Funnies Section
2146 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
2154 =item Ordinary Paragraph
2156 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2158 =item Command Paragraph
2160 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
2161 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
2162 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
2163 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
2165 =item Formatting Codes
2167 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2168 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2169 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
2170 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
2171 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
2172 (zero-effect) formatting code
2176 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2178 =item Hints for Writing Pod
2188 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
2195 =item Pod Definitions
2199 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
2200 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
2202 =item Pod Formatting Codes
2204 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2205 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
2206 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2207 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2208 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
2209 contains non-breaking spaces
2211 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
2213 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
2215 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
2217 =item About =over...=back Regions
2219 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
2227 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
2237 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
2239 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
2241 =item Location of Perl
2243 =item Command Switches
2245 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>], B<-A [I<assertions>]>, B<-a>, B<-C
2246 [I<number/list>]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>,
2247 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
2248 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
2249 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
2250 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
2251 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
2252 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
2258 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
2259 :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
2260 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
2261 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG,
2262 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS, PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN
2263 (specific to the VMS port)
2267 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2275 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
2283 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
2285 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
2287 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
2291 =item Backward Compatibility
2293 =item Category Hierarchy
2295 =item Fatal Warnings
2297 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
2309 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2315 =item The Perl Debugger
2319 =item Debugger Commands
2321 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
2322 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
2323 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
2324 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
2325 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
2326 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
2327 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
2328 command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
2329 command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
2330 file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
2333 =item Configurable Options
2335 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
2336 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
2337 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
2338 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
2339 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
2340 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
2343 =item Debugger input/output
2345 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
2348 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2350 =item Debugger Customization
2352 =item Readline Support
2354 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2356 =item The Perl Profiler
2360 =item Debugging regular expressions
2362 =item Debugging memory usage
2370 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
2378 =item Predefined Names
2380 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
2381 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
2382 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
2383 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
2384 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
2385 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
2386 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
2387 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
2388 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
2389 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
2390 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
2391 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
2392 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
2393 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
2394 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
2395 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
2396 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
2397 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
2398 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
2399 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
2400 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
2401 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
2402 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
2403 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
2404 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
2405 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
2406 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
2407 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
2408 $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
2409 ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
2412 =item Error Indicators
2414 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
2422 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
2432 =item Regular Expressions
2434 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
2436 =item Extended Patterns
2438 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
2439 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
2440 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
2441 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
2445 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
2447 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
2449 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
2451 =item Combining pieces together
2453 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
2454 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
2455 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
2456 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
2458 =item Creating custom RE engines
2468 =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
2480 =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
2482 =item CHARACTER CLASSES
2488 =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
2506 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
2516 =item Making References
2518 =item Using References
2520 =item Symbolic references
2522 =item Not-so-symbolic references
2524 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
2526 =item Function Templates
2536 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
2544 =item Format Variables
2554 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
2562 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
2570 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
2572 =item A Class is Simply a Package
2574 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
2576 =item Method Invocation
2578 =item Indirect Object Syntax
2580 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
2582 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
2588 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
2596 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
2608 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
2613 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
2614 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
2615 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
2616 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
2621 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
2622 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
2623 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
2625 =item Tying FileHandles
2627 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
2628 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
2633 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
2645 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
2653 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
2654 B<filter_fetch_value>
2660 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
2662 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
2672 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
2673 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
2683 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
2691 =item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
2693 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
2694 "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
2698 =item Using open() for IPC
2704 =item Background Processes
2706 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
2708 =item Safe Pipe Opens
2710 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
2712 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
2716 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
2720 =item Internet Line Terminators
2722 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
2724 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
2728 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
2732 =item A Simple Client
2734 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
2736 =item A Webget Client
2738 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
2742 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
2744 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
2746 =item UDP: Message Passing
2760 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
2770 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
2772 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
2773 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
2774 files, directories and network sockets
2776 =item Resource limits
2778 =item Killing the parent process
2780 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
2782 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
2784 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
2785 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
2786 application, Thread-safety of extensions
2798 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
2806 =item Storing numbers
2808 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
2810 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
2812 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
2813 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
2814 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
2823 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
2831 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2833 =item Threaded Program Models
2845 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
2847 =item Thread-Safe Modules
2853 =item Basic Thread Support
2855 =item A Note about the Examples
2857 =item Creating Threads
2859 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2861 =item Ignoring A Thread
2865 =item Threads And Data
2869 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2871 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
2875 =item Synchronization and control
2879 =item Controlling access: lock()
2881 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2883 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2885 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2887 =item Basic semaphores
2889 =item Advanced Semaphores
2891 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
2893 =item Giving up control
2897 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2901 =item What Thread Am I In?
2905 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2907 =item What Threads Are Running?
2911 =item A Complete Example
2913 =item Different implementations of threads
2915 =item Performance considerations
2917 =item Process-scope Changes
2919 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
2927 =item Introductory Texts
2929 =item OS-Related References
2931 =item Other References
2935 =item Acknowledgements
2943 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
2949 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2951 =item Threaded Program Models
2963 =item Native threads
2965 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2967 =item Threadsafe Modules
2973 =item Basic Thread Support
2975 =item Creating Threads
2977 =item Giving up control
2979 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2981 =item Errors In Threads
2983 =item Ignoring A Thread
2987 =item Threads And Data
2991 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2993 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2995 =item Controlling access: lock()
2997 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2999 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3003 =item Threads And Code
3007 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3009 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
3011 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
3013 =item Subroutine Locks
3017 =item Locking A Subroutine
3021 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3025 =item What Thread Am I In?
3029 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3031 =item What Threads Are Running?
3035 =item A Complete Example
3043 =item Introductory Texts
3045 =item OS-Related References
3047 =item Other References
3051 =item Acknowledgements
3059 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
3065 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
3074 =item Numbers endianness and Width
3076 =item Files and Filesystems
3078 =item System Interaction
3080 =item Command names versus file pathnames
3084 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
3086 =item External Subroutines (XS)
3088 =item Standard Modules
3092 =item Character sets and character encoding
3094 =item Internationalisation
3096 =item System Resources
3106 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
3107 http://testers.cpan.org/
3115 =item DOS and Derivatives
3123 =item EBCDIC Platforms
3131 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3135 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3137 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
3138 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
3139 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
3140 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
3141 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
3142 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
3143 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
3144 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent,
3145 getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
3146 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
3147 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
3148 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
3149 kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
3150 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
3151 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
3152 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
3153 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
3154 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
3155 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
3156 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
3157 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
3158 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
3159 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
3160 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
3161 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
3162 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
3168 v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000,
3169 v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999,
3170 v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
3171 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December
3172 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August
3173 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
3175 =item Supported Platforms
3179 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3183 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
3190 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
3196 =item The use locale pragma
3198 =item The setlocale function
3200 =item Finding locales
3202 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
3204 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
3206 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
3208 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
3210 =item Fixing system locale configuration
3212 =item The localeconv function
3214 =item I18N::Langinfo
3218 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
3222 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
3224 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
3226 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
3228 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
3232 =item Other categories
3240 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
3241 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
3247 =item Backward compatibility
3249 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
3251 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
3253 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
3255 =item Freely available locale definitions
3259 =item An imperfect standard
3263 =item Unicode and UTF-8
3269 =item Broken systems
3279 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
3289 =item Perl's Unicode Support
3291 =item Perl's Unicode Model
3293 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
3295 =item Creating Unicode
3297 =item Handling Unicode
3299 =item Legacy Encodings
3303 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
3307 =item Advanced Topics
3311 =item Questions With Answers
3313 =item Hexadecimal Notation
3315 =item Further Resources
3319 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
3323 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3325 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
3329 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
3337 =item Important Caveats
3339 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
3340 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
3342 =item Byte and Character Semantics
3344 =item Effects of Character Semantics
3350 =item User-Defined Character Properties
3352 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
3354 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
3356 =item Unicode Encodings
3358 =item Security Implications of Unicode
3360 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
3364 =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
3366 =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
3368 =item Using Unicode in XS
3376 =item Interaction with Locales
3378 =item Interaction with Extensions
3382 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
3390 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
3396 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
3404 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
3408 =item 13 variant characters
3416 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
3418 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
3420 =item Unicode and UTF
3426 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
3428 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
3430 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
3444 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
3446 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
3448 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
3450 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
3458 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
3460 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
3462 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
3464 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
3468 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
3472 =item URL decoding and encoding
3474 =item uu encoding and decoding
3476 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
3478 =item Caesarian ciphers
3482 =item Hashing order and checksums
3486 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
3498 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
3518 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
3526 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
3528 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
3530 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
3534 =item Protecting Your Programs
3538 =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
3546 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
3558 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
3564 =item Making your module threadsafe
3572 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
3576 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
3580 =item Pragmatic Modules
3582 assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
3583 bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding,
3584 fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re,
3585 sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version,
3586 vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
3588 =item Standard Modules
3590 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
3591 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
3592 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
3593 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
3594 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
3595 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
3596 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf,
3597 Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5,
3598 DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte,
3599 Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config,
3600 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess,
3601 Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR,
3602 Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO,
3603 Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode,
3604 Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
3605 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
3606 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
3607 ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
3608 ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
3609 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
3610 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
3611 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
3612 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish,
3613 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
3614 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
3615 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
3616 File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
3617 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
3618 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
3619 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File,
3620 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
3621 I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
3622 IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
3623 IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg,
3624 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
3625 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
3626 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
3627 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
3628 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::Scalar, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex,
3629 Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
3630 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
3631 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
3632 Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
3633 Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
3634 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
3635 PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint,
3636 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
3637 Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
3638 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
3639 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
3640 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
3641 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
3642 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
3643 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
3644 Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
3645 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
3646 Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps,
3647 Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
3648 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
3649 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
3650 Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
3651 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
3652 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
3653 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
3656 =item Extension Modules
3670 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
3671 Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan
3673 =item Central America
3679 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
3680 Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
3681 Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
3682 Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United
3687 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
3688 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
3689 Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey,
3690 New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas,
3691 Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
3695 Australia, New Zealand, United States
3699 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
3705 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
3709 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
3711 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
3713 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
3721 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
3727 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
3731 =item Before you start
3739 =item Release considerations
3743 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
3747 =item Has it been done before?
3749 =item Do one thing and do it well
3751 =item What's in a name?
3755 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
3759 =item To OO or not to OO?
3761 =item Designing your API
3763 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
3764 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
3767 =item Strictness and warnings
3769 =item Backwards compatibility
3771 =item Error handling and messages
3775 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
3781 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
3783 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
3784 perl Build test, perl Build install
3788 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
3792 =item Version numbering
3794 =item Pre-requisites
3804 =item COMMON PITFALLS
3808 =item Reinventing the wheel
3810 =item Trying to do too much
3812 =item Inappropriate documentation
3818 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
3819 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
3826 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
3836 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
3837 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
3851 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
3861 =item What should I make into a module?
3863 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
3865 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
3867 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
3869 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
3870 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
3871 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
3873 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
3875 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
3876 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
3886 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3896 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3897 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3898 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3899 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3903 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3905 =item Administration
3907 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3911 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3912 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3920 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3930 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3934 =item Using The Back Ends
3938 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3942 =item The Decompiling Back End
3944 =item The Lint Back End
3946 =item The Simple C Back End
3948 =item The Bytecode Back End
3950 =item The Optimized C Back End
3954 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3956 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3957 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3958 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3960 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3966 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3976 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3978 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3980 B<Decryption Filters>
3982 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3984 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3986 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3990 =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
3992 Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
4002 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
4012 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
4013 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
4017 =item Compiling your C program
4019 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
4021 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
4023 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
4025 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
4027 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
4029 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
4031 =item Execution of END blocks
4033 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
4035 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
4040 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
4052 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
4058 =item Debugger Internals
4062 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
4066 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
4068 =item Debugging regular expressions
4072 =item Compile-time output
4074 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
4075 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
4076 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
4079 =item Types of nodes
4081 =item Run-time output
4085 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
4089 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
4091 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
4092 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
4095 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
4097 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
4099 =item B<-DL> details
4103 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
4111 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
4123 =item Version caveat
4125 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
4137 =item What has gone on?
4139 =item Writing good test scripts
4143 =item What's new here?
4145 =item Input and Output Parameters
4147 =item The XSUBPP Program
4149 =item The TYPEMAP file
4151 =item Warning about Output Arguments
4155 =item What has happened here?
4157 =item Anatomy of .xs file
4159 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
4161 =item More about XSUB arguments
4163 =item The Argument Stack
4165 =item Extending your Extension
4167 =item Documenting your Extension
4169 =item Installing your Extension
4173 =item New Things in this Example
4177 =item New Things in this Example
4179 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
4181 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
4183 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
4185 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
4201 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
4213 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
4215 =item The Argument Stack
4217 =item The RETVAL Variable
4219 =item The MODULE Keyword
4221 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4223 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4225 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4227 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4229 =item The CODE: Keyword
4231 =item The INIT: Keyword
4233 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4235 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4237 =item Default Parameter Values
4239 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4241 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4243 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4245 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4247 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4249 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4251 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4253 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4255 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4257 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4259 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4261 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4263 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4265 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4267 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4269 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4271 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4273 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4275 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
4277 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4279 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4281 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4283 =item The CASE: Keyword
4285 =item The & Unary Operator
4287 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4289 =item Using XS With C++
4291 =item Interface Strategy
4293 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4297 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4299 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4311 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4321 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4323 =item File Operations
4325 =item File Input and Output
4327 =item File Positioning
4329 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4331 =item Character Class Tests
4333 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4335 =item Miscellaneous functions
4343 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4355 =item What is an "IV"?
4357 =item Working with SVs
4361 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4363 =item Working with AVs
4365 =item Working with HVs
4367 =item Hash API Extensions
4369 =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
4373 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4375 =item Creating New Variables
4377 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4379 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4381 =item Stashes and Globs
4383 =item Double-Typed SVs
4385 =item Magic Variables
4387 =item Assigning Magic
4389 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4393 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4395 =item Localizing changes
4397 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4398 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4399 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4400 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4401 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4402 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4403 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4404 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4405 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4406 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4414 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4416 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4418 =item Memory Allocation
4422 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4426 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4436 =item Examining the tree
4438 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4440 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4442 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4444 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4446 =item Pluggable runops
4450 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4452 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4456 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4458 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4460 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4462 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4464 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4468 =item Internal Functions
4470 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4474 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4476 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4478 =item Source Documentation
4482 =item Unicode Support
4486 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4488 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4490 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4492 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4494 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4496 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4500 =item Custom Operators
4508 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4514 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4516 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4518 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4538 =item Determining the Context
4542 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4548 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4550 =item Passing Parameters
4552 =item Returning a Scalar
4554 =item Returning a list of values
4556 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4558 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4562 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4566 =item Using call_argv
4568 =item Using call_method
4572 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4574 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4576 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4577 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4580 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4582 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4594 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4600 =item "Gimme" Values
4602 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4604 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4606 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4607 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4608 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4610 =item Callback Functions
4612 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4613 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4615 =item Character classes
4617 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4619 =item Cloning an interpreter
4623 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4625 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4627 =item Embedding Functions
4629 cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
4630 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4632 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4634 packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str
4636 =item Global Variables
4638 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4642 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4643 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4647 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4649 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4651 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4652 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4653 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4654 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4655 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4657 =item Magical Functions
4659 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4660 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4661 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4663 =item Memory Management
4665 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4666 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4668 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4670 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, new_version, scan_version, strEQ,
4671 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking,
4672 sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, upg_version, vcmp, vnumify, vstringify
4674 =item Numeric functions
4676 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4679 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4681 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4683 =item Pad Data Structures
4687 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4689 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4690 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4691 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4692 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4693 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4697 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4699 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4701 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4702 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4703 SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off,
4704 SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW,
4705 SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
4706 SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX,
4707 SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
4708 SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
4709 SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
4710 SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
4711 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
4712 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on,
4713 SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on,
4714 SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, SvVOK, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal,
4715 sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen,
4716 sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
4717 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg,
4718 sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear,
4719 sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from,
4720 sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow,
4721 sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8,
4722 sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4723 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4724 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4725 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
4726 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
4727 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
4728 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
4729 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
4730 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
4731 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
4732 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
4733 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4735 =item Unicode Support
4737 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4738 pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display,
4739 to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper,
4740 utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length,
4741 utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4744 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4746 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4747 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4749 =item Warning and Dieing
4759 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4766 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
4770 =item Functions in file pad.h
4772 CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS,
4773 PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH,
4774 PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL,
4775 PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR, PAD_SV,
4776 PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV
4778 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
4782 =item Global Variables
4784 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4795 =item Pad Data Structures
4797 CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
4798 pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
4799 pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
4800 pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
4802 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4806 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4808 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4816 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4826 =item History and Background
4828 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4830 =item Data Structures
4832 =item Functions and Attributes
4834 =item Per-instance Data
4836 =item Layers in action.
4838 =item Per-instance flag bits
4840 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4841 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4842 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4843 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4845 =item Methods in Detail
4847 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4848 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4849 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4850 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4853 =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
4855 C implementations, Perl implementations
4859 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4861 =item Extension Layers
4863 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4871 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4879 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4880 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4881 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4882 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4883 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4884 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4885 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4886 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4887 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4888 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4889 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4893 =item Co-existence with stdio
4895 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4896 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4898 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4900 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4901 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4902 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4903 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4905 =item Other Functions
4907 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4908 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4914 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4920 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4921 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4922 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4923 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4924 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4925 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4926 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4930 =item Keeping in sync
4932 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4933 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4935 =item Why rsync the source tree
4937 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
4939 =item Why rsync the patches
4941 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4942 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4944 =item Perlbug administration
4946 =item Submitting patches
4948 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4949 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4951 =item Finding Your Way Around
4953 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4955 =item Elements of the interpreter
4957 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4959 =item Internal Variable Types
4965 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4967 =item Millions of Macros
4969 =item The .i Targets
4971 =item Poking at Perl
4973 =item Using a source-level debugger
4975 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4976 finish, 'enter', print
4978 =item gdb macro support
4980 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4984 =item Patching a core module
4986 =item Adding a new function to the core
4988 =item Writing a test
4990 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4991 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
4992 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
4994 =item Special Make Test Targets
4996 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.valgrind check.valgrind
4997 utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third utest.third
4998 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8,
5001 =item Running tests by hand
5003 PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
5007 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5011 =item Rational Software's Purify
5013 =item Purify on Unix
5015 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5019 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5023 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5025 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5029 =item Gprof Profiling
5031 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5033 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5035 =item Pixie Profiling
5037 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5040 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5044 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5052 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
5060 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
5066 =item To do during 5.6.x
5070 =item Support for I/O disciplines
5072 =item Autoload bytes.pm
5074 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
5076 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
5078 =item Overloadable regex assertions
5082 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
5084 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
5086 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
5088 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
5090 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
5092 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
5094 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
5096 =item Complete signal handling
5098 =item Out-of-source builds
5100 =item POSIX realtime support
5102 =item UNIX98 support
5106 =item Long double conversion
5110 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
5112 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
5114 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
5116 =item Security audit shipped utilities
5118 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
5120 =item Custom opcodes
5122 =item DLL Versioning
5124 =item Introduce @( and @)
5126 =item Floating point handling
5128 =item IV/UV preservation
5130 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
5132 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
5134 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
5136 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
5138 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
5140 =item Document Win32 choices
5142 =item Check new modules
5144 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
5148 =item To do at some point
5152 =item Remove regular expression recursion
5154 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
5156 =item bitfields in pack
5158 =item Cross compilation
5160 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
5162 =item Perl lexer in Perl
5164 =item Using POSIX calls internally
5166 =item -i rename file when changed
5168 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
5170 =item Support for rerunning debugger
5172 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
5174 =item my sub foo { }
5176 =item One-pass global destruction
5178 =item Rewrite regexp parser
5180 =item Cache recently used regexps
5182 =item Cross-compilation support
5184 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
5186 =item debugger pragma
5188 =item use less pragma
5190 =item switch structures
5192 =item Cache eval tree
5196 =item Shrink opcode tables
5198 =item Optimize away @_
5200 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
5204 =item Prototype method calls
5206 =item Return context prototype declarations
5210 =item Garbage collection
5214 =item Rewrite perldoc
5216 =item Install .3p manpages
5218 =item Unicode tutorial
5220 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
5222 =item Retargetable installation
5224 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
5226 =item Rename Win32 headers
5228 =item Finish off lvalue functions
5230 =item Update sprintf documentation
5232 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
5234 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
5236 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
5238 =item Should overload be inheritable?
5242 =item Perform correctly when XSUBs call subroutines that exit via
5243 goto(LABEL) and friends
5251 =item ref() in list context
5253 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
5255 =item Compile to real threaded code
5257 =item Structured types
5259 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
5261 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
5265 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
5269 =item foreach(reverse ...)
5271 =item Constant function cache
5273 =item Approximate regular expression matching
5281 =item Update guts documentation
5283 =item Add more tests
5285 =item Update auxiliary tools
5287 =item Create debugging macros
5289 =item truncate to the people
5291 =item Unicode in Filenames
5295 =item Unicode in %ENV
5297 =item Recently done things
5301 =item Alternative RE syntax module
5303 =item Safe signal handling
5309 =item setitimer and getimiter
5311 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5313 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5315 =item Explicit switch statements
5323 =item perlcc to produce executable
5325 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5327 =item Secure temporary file module
5329 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5331 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5333 =item Mmap for input
5335 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
5337 =item Add sockatmark support
5339 =item Mailing list archives
5343 =item Integrate MacPerl
5345 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5347 =item Regular expression tutorial
5349 =item Debugging Tutorial
5351 =item Integrate new modules
5353 =item Integrate profiler
5355 =item Y2K error detection
5357 =item Regular expression debugger
5361 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5363 =item Cache precompiled modules
5367 =item Deprecated Wishes
5371 =item Loop control on do{}
5373 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5379 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5381 =item Named prototypes
5383 =item Built-in globbing
5385 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5387 =item Cached hash values
5389 =item Add compression modules
5391 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5393 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5395 =item Make XS easier to use
5397 =item Make embedding easier to use
5401 =item my $Package::variable
5403 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5405 =item "class"-based lexicals
5409 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5411 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5413 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5415 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5421 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
5431 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
5432 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
5433 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
5434 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>,
5435 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
5446 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5454 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5466 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5468 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5472 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5476 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
5482 =item Incompatible Changes
5486 =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
5490 =item Core Enhancements
5494 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5498 =item Modules and Pragmata
5500 =item Utility Changes
5502 =item New Documentation
5504 =item Performance Enhancements
5506 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5508 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5510 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5512 =item Changed Internals
5516 =item Known Problems
5518 =item Platform Specific Problems
5520 =item Reporting Bugs
5526 =head2 perl58delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5532 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5534 =item Incompatible Changes
5538 =item Binary Incompatibility
5540 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5542 =item AIX Dynaloading
5544 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
5546 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5548 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5550 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
5552 =item New Unicode Properties
5554 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5556 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5558 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
5564 =item Core Enhancements
5568 =item Unicode Overhaul
5570 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5574 =item Restricted Hashes
5578 =item Understanding of Numbers
5580 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5582 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5586 =item Modules and Pragmata
5590 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5592 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5596 =item Utility Changes
5598 =item New Documentation
5600 =item Performance Enhancements
5602 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5606 =item Generic Improvements
5608 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5612 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5616 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5620 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5622 =item Changed Internals
5624 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
5628 =item Known Problems
5632 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5634 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5636 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5638 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5640 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5642 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5644 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5646 =item PDL failing some tests
5650 =item Self-tying Problems
5652 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5654 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5656 =item Timing problems
5658 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
5660 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
5664 =item Platform Specific Problems
5670 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5676 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
5678 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
5680 =item DJGPP Failures
5682 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
5684 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
5686 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
5688 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5690 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5692 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5696 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
5698 =item OS/2 Test Failures
5700 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5706 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
5708 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
5710 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5722 =item XML::Parser not working
5726 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5728 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5732 =item Reporting Bugs
5740 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
5748 =item Reporting Bugs
5756 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5762 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5764 =item Incompatible Changes
5768 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5770 =item AIX Dynaloading
5772 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5774 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5780 =item Core Enhancements
5782 =item Modules and Pragmata
5786 =item New Modules and Distributions
5788 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5792 =item Utility Changes
5794 =item New Documentation
5796 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5800 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5802 =item Generic Improvements
5806 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5810 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5814 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5816 =item Source Code Enhancements
5820 =item MAGIC constants
5822 =item Better commented code
5824 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5832 =item Known Problems
5838 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5840 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5842 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5844 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5846 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5848 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5852 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5854 =item Failure of Thread tests
5864 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5866 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5868 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5870 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5872 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5874 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5878 =item Reporting Bugs
5886 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5892 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5894 =item Incompatible Changes
5896 =item Core Enhancements
5900 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5902 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5904 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5908 =item Modules and Pragmata
5914 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5918 =item Performance Enhancements
5920 =item Utility Changes
5922 =item New Documentation
5938 =item README.solaris
5942 =item Porting/repository.pod
5946 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5950 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5952 =item Generic Improvements
5954 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5955 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5956 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5960 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5964 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5968 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5970 =item Changed Internals
5974 =item Known Problems
5978 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5980 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5982 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5984 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5988 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5990 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5992 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5994 =item Failure of Thread tests
5996 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5998 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6000 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6002 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6006 =item Reporting Bugs
6014 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
6020 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6022 =item Incompatible Changes
6024 =item Core Enhancements
6026 =item Modules and Pragmata
6032 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6036 =item Utility Changes
6038 =item New Documentation
6040 =item Performance Enhancements
6042 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6046 =item Generic Improvements
6050 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6054 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6058 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6060 =item Changed Internals
6062 =item Known Problems
6066 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
6068 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
6070 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6072 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6074 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6076 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
6078 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6080 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
6082 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
6084 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6088 =item Reporting Bugs
6096 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
6102 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
6106 =item Security Issues
6108 =item Core bug fixes
6110 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
6111 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
6112 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
6113 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
6114 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
6115 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
6120 =item Configuration issues
6124 =item Bundled modules
6126 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
6127 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
6128 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
6129 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
6131 =item Platform-specific improvements
6133 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
6137 =item Core Enhancements
6141 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6143 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6145 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6147 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6149 =item "our" declarations
6151 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6153 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6155 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6157 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6159 =item open() with more than two arguments
6161 =item 64-bit support
6163 =item Large file support
6169 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6171 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6173 =item File globbing implemented internally
6175 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6177 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6179 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6181 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6183 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6185 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6187 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6189 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6191 =item Comments in pack() templates
6193 =item Weak references
6195 =item Binary numbers supported
6197 =item Lvalue subroutines
6199 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6201 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6203 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6205 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6207 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6209 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6211 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6213 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6215 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6217 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6219 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6221 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6223 =item Improved diagnostics
6225 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6227 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6229 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6231 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6233 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6235 =item Improved security features
6237 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6239 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6241 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6243 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6245 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6247 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6249 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6253 =item Modules and Pragmata
6259 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6260 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6261 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6262 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6263 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6264 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6265 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6266 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6272 =item Utility Changes
6286 =item The Perl Debugger
6290 =item Improved Documentation
6292 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6293 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6294 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6295 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6297 =item Performance enhancements
6301 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6303 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6305 =item Faster subroutine calls
6307 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6311 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6315 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6317 =item New Configure flags
6319 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6325 =item -Duselargefiles
6327 =item installusrbinperl
6333 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6335 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6339 =item Platform specific changes
6343 =item Supported platforms
6347 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6355 =item Significant bug fixes
6359 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6361 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6363 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6365 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6367 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6369 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6371 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6373 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6375 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6377 =item Locale bugs fixed
6381 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6383 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6385 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6387 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6391 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6393 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6394 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6395 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6396 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6397 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6398 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6399 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6400 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6401 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6402 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6403 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6404 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6405 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6406 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6407 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6408 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6409 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6410 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6411 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6412 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6413 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6414 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6415 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6416 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6417 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6418 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6419 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6420 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6421 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6422 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6423 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6424 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6425 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6426 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6427 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6428 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6429 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6430 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6431 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6432 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6433 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6434 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6435 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6436 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6437 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6438 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6439 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6440 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6441 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6442 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6446 =item Incompatible Changes
6450 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6452 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6453 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6454 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6455 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6456 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6457 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6458 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6459 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6460 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6461 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6462 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6464 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6466 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6468 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6470 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6472 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6476 =item Known Problems
6480 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6482 =item Known test failures
6484 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6486 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6488 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6490 =item Experimental features
6492 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6493 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6494 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6498 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6500 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6501 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6502 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6503 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6505 =item Reporting Bugs
6513 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6519 =item Core Enhancements
6523 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6525 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6527 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6529 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6531 =item "our" declarations
6533 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6535 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6537 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6539 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6541 =item open() with more than two arguments
6543 =item 64-bit support
6545 =item Large file support
6551 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6553 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6555 =item File globbing implemented internally
6557 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6559 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6561 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6563 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6565 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6567 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6569 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6571 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6573 =item Comments in pack() templates
6575 =item Weak references
6577 =item Binary numbers supported
6579 =item Lvalue subroutines
6581 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6583 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6585 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6587 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6589 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6591 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6593 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6595 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6597 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6599 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6601 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6603 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6605 =item Improved diagnostics
6607 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6609 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6611 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6613 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6615 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6617 =item Improved security features
6619 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6621 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6623 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6625 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6627 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6629 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6631 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6635 =item Modules and Pragmata
6641 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6642 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6643 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6644 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6645 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6646 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6647 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6648 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6654 =item Utility Changes
6668 =item The Perl Debugger
6672 =item Improved Documentation
6674 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6675 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6676 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6677 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6679 =item Performance enhancements
6683 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6685 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6687 =item Faster subroutine calls
6689 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6693 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6697 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6699 =item New Configure flags
6701 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6707 =item -Duselargefiles
6709 =item installusrbinperl
6715 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6719 =item Platform specific changes
6723 =item Supported platforms
6727 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6735 =item Significant bug fixes
6739 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6741 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6743 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6745 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6747 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6749 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6751 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6753 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6755 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6757 =item Locale bugs fixed
6761 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6763 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6765 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6767 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6771 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6773 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6774 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6775 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6776 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6777 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6778 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6779 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6780 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6781 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6782 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6783 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6784 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6785 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6786 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6787 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6788 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6789 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6790 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6791 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6792 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6793 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6794 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6795 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6796 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6797 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6798 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6799 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6800 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6801 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6802 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6803 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6804 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6805 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6806 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6807 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6808 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6809 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6810 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6811 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6812 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6813 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6814 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6815 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6816 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6817 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6818 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6819 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6820 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6821 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6822 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6826 =item Incompatible Changes
6830 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6832 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6833 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6834 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6835 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6836 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6837 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6838 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6839 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6840 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6841 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6842 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6844 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6846 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6848 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6850 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6852 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6856 =item Known Problems
6860 =item Thread test failures
6862 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6864 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6866 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6868 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6871 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6873 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6875 =item Experimental features
6877 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6878 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6879 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6883 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6885 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6886 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6887 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6888 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6890 =item Reporting Bugs
6898 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6904 =item About the new versioning system
6906 =item Incompatible Changes
6910 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6912 =item Default installation structure has changed
6914 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6916 =item C Source Compatibility
6918 =item Binary Compatibility
6920 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6922 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6936 =item Regular Expressions
6938 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6939 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6940 improvements, Incompatible changes
6942 =item Improved malloc()
6944 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6946 =item Reliable signals
6948 =item Reliable stack pointers
6950 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6954 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6956 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6958 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6960 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6962 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6964 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6966 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6968 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6970 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6972 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6974 =item Better locale support
6976 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6978 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6980 =item Extended support for exception handling
6982 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6984 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6986 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6988 =item New C<lock> keyword
6990 =item New C<qr//> operator
6992 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6994 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6996 =item Tied handles support is better
6998 =item 4th argument to substr
7000 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
7002 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
7004 =item <> now reads in records
7008 =item Supported Platforms
7014 =item Changes in existing support
7018 =item Modules and Pragmata
7024 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
7025 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
7026 Thread, attrs, fields, re
7028 =item Changes in existing modules
7030 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
7031 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
7035 =item Utility Changes
7037 =item Documentation Changes
7039 =item New Diagnostics
7041 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
7042 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
7043 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
7044 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
7045 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
7046 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
7047 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
7048 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
7049 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
7050 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
7051 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
7052 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
7053 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
7054 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
7055 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
7056 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
7057 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
7059 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7061 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
7062 temporary file, regexp too big
7064 =item Configuration Changes
7074 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
7080 =item Supported Environments
7086 =item List assignment to %ENV works
7088 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
7090 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
7092 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
7094 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
7096 =item More precise warnings
7098 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
7100 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
7102 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
7104 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
7106 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
7108 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
7110 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
7112 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
7114 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
7116 =item Changes to tainting checks
7118 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
7119 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
7121 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
7123 =item Embedding improvements
7125 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
7127 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
7129 =item New and changed syntax
7133 =item New and changed builtin constants
7137 =item New and changed builtin variables
7141 =item New and changed builtin functions
7143 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
7144 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
7145 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
7146 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
7147 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
7149 =item New builtin methods
7151 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
7153 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
7155 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
7156 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
7158 =item Malloc enhancements
7160 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
7162 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
7166 =item Support for More Operating Systems
7182 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
7183 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
7189 =item Required Updates
7191 =item Installation directories
7193 =item Module information summary
7207 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
7211 =item Utility Changes
7217 Sends converted HTML to standard output
7221 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
7225 =item C Language API Changes
7227 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
7230 =item Documentation Changes
7232 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
7233 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
7235 =item New Diagnostics
7237 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
7238 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
7239 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
7240 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
7241 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
7242 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
7243 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
7244 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
7245 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
7246 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
7247 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
7248 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
7249 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
7250 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
7251 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
7252 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
7253 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
7254 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
7255 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
7256 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
7257 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
7258 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
7259 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
7260 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
7261 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
7271 =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
7279 =item The "Artistic License"
7287 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
7288 copying fee", "Freely Available"
7292 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
7298 =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
7310 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7314 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7322 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7326 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7328 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7330 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7332 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7338 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7348 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7364 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7366 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7368 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7370 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7376 =item Accessing documentation
7380 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7382 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7384 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7386 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7390 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7394 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7396 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7398 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7400 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7402 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7406 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7414 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
7424 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7432 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7434 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7438 =item Contact Information
7440 =item Update 2002-05-30
7446 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7456 =item gzip on BS2000
7458 =item bison on BS2000
7460 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7462 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7464 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7466 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7468 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7470 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7472 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7502 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
7503 celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources
7507 go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run
7512 =item Acknowledgements
7518 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7524 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7528 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7530 =item Cygwin Configuration
7532 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7536 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7540 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7542 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7544 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7545 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7547 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7549 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7550 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7553 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7555 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7559 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7563 =item Errors on Cygwin
7569 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7573 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7575 =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
7577 =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
7579 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7581 Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
7585 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7587 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7589 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7590 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7592 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7600 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7612 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7616 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7618 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7620 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7622 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7632 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7642 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7646 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7648 =item Building Perl on DOS
7650 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7652 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7656 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7660 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7662 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7664 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7666 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7676 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7684 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7686 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7690 =item Editors on Epoc
7692 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7694 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7696 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7700 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7708 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
7716 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
7718 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
7720 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
7728 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7737 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7739 =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
7741 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7753 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7755 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7757 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7759 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7761 =item The GNU C Compiler
7763 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7765 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7767 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7769 =item Oracle on HP-UX
7771 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7773 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7775 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7777 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7781 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7789 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7797 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7805 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
7813 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
7815 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
7817 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
7819 =item Linker Problems in Irix
7821 =item Malloc in Irix
7823 =item Building with threads in Irix
7833 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7842 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7844 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7846 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7848 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7858 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7872 =head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
7882 =item Installation Prefix
7884 =item libperl and Prebinding
7886 =item Updating Panther
7888 =item Known problems
7904 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7910 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7916 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7924 =item Binary distribution from HP
7926 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7928 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7930 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7932 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7934 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7936 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7937 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7939 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7943 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7945 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7947 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7949 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7951 =item Perl/iX Change History
7967 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
7979 =item Build new extensions
7981 =item Acknowledgements
7989 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
8009 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
8011 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
8013 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
8017 =item Frequently asked questions
8021 =item "It does not work"
8023 =item I cannot run external programs
8025 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
8028 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
8031 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
8033 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
8041 =item Automatic binary installation
8043 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
8045 =item Manual binary installation
8047 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
8048 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
8049 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
8050 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
8051 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
8057 =item Accessing documentation
8061 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
8069 =item GNU C<info> files
8081 =item The short story
8085 =item Getting perl source
8087 =item Application of the patches
8095 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
8098 =item Installing the built perl
8100 =item C<a.out>-style build
8108 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
8110 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
8112 =item Problems with tr or sed
8114 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
8116 =item Library ... not found
8118 =item Segfault in make
8120 =item op/sprintf test failure
8124 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
8128 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
8132 =item C<extproc> on the first line
8134 =item Additional modules:
8136 =item Prebuilt methods:
8138 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
8139 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
8140 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
8141 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
8142 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
8143 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
8144 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
8145 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
8146 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
8147 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
8148 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
8149 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
8151 =item Prebuilt variables:
8153 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
8160 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
8163 =item Identifying DLLs
8165 =item Centralized management of resources
8167 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
8168 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
8169 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
8170 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
8184 =item F<perl___.exe>
8186 =item Why strange names?
8188 =item Why dynamic linking?
8190 =item Why chimera build?
8198 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
8200 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
8202 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
8204 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
8206 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
8208 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
8216 =item Text-mode filehandles
8220 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
8222 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
8224 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
8227 =item DLL forwarder generation
8231 =item Calls to external programs
8233 =item Memory allocation
8237 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
8253 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
8266 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
8268 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
8270 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
8272 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
8274 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8276 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8278 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8280 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
8282 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8284 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
8294 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
8302 =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
8310 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
8312 =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
8314 =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
8316 =item Known Problems
8326 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
8336 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
8338 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
8340 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
8342 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
8346 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
8350 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
8362 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
8370 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
8372 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
8374 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
8376 =item QNX auxiliary files
8380 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
8388 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
8396 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
8402 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
8408 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
8410 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
8412 =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
8416 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
8420 =item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
8422 =item Threads in perl on Solaris.
8424 =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
8428 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
8430 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
8431 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
8432 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8438 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8440 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8444 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8446 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8450 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8454 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8456 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8460 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8462 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8464 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8474 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8475 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8483 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8485 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8487 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8489 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8491 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
8493 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8495 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8499 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8501 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8503 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8509 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8517 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8519 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8525 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8535 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8537 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8539 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8541 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8543 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8553 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8559 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8567 =item Organization of Perl Images
8573 =item Perl Extensions
8575 =item Installing static extensions
8577 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8581 =item File specifications
8587 =item Wildcard expansion
8593 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8599 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8601 =item Command line switches
8607 =item Perl functions
8609 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8610 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8611 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8612 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8614 =item Perl variables
8616 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8618 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8632 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8638 =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
8640 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8642 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8646 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8648 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8654 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8662 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8672 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8674 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8675 SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW32 with gcc, MinGW release 1
8679 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8681 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8683 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8685 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8686 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8687 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
8689 =item Running Perl Scripts
8691 Miscellaneous Things
8695 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8699 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8700 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8701 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8709 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8711 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8723 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8733 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8734 data structures between threads
8746 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8747 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8759 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8768 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8769 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
8770 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
8774 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8780 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
8781 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8783 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8789 =head2 assertions - select assertions in blocks of code
8801 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
8805 =head2 assertions::activate - activate assertions
8817 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
8821 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8831 =item Built-in Attributes
8833 locked, method, lvalue
8835 =item Available Subroutines
8839 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8841 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8843 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8851 =item Default exports
8853 =item Available exports
8855 =item Export tags defined
8865 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8881 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8895 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
8907 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8911 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8933 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8945 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8951 inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
8955 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8973 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRationale support for Perl
8997 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8998 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8999 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
9000 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
9001 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
9011 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
9025 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
9038 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
9047 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
9049 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
9053 =item Anonymous hashes
9057 =item Alias shortcut
9061 =item charnames::viacode(code)
9063 =item charnames::vianame(name)
9067 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
9073 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
9085 =item List constants
9087 =item Defining multiple constants at once
9089 =item Magic constants
9093 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
9103 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
9114 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
9116 =item The I<splain> Program
9130 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
9140 =item Literal Conversions
9142 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
9146 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
9148 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
9152 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
9153 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
9155 =item The Filter Option
9159 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
9169 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
9171 =item tr/// with ranges
9173 Legend of characters above
9177 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
9179 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
9181 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
9189 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
9203 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
9213 =item subpragma access
9219 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
9233 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
9244 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
9254 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
9264 =item Adding directories to @INC
9266 =item Deleting directories from @INC
9268 =item Restoring original @INC
9282 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
9293 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
9301 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
9303 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
9309 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
9321 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
9331 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
9333 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
9335 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
9337 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
9339 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
9341 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
9343 =item Overloadable Operations
9345 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
9346 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
9347 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
9349 =item Inheritance and overloading
9351 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
9352 is inherited by derived classes
9356 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
9364 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
9366 =item Copy Constructor
9372 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
9374 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
9375 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
9376 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
9379 =item Losing overloading
9381 =item Run-time Overloading
9383 =item Public functions
9385 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
9387 =item Overloading constants
9389 integer, float, binary, q, qr
9391 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9393 =item Metaphor clash
9399 =item Two-face scalars
9401 =item Two-face references
9403 =item Symbolic calculator
9405 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
9413 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
9414 type, `%s' is not a code reference
9420 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
9432 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
9434 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
9438 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
9442 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
9450 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
9462 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
9470 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9476 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9486 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9487 structures between threads
9499 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9500 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9512 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9523 =item Utility functions
9525 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
9526 FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9527 utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
9537 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9547 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
9557 =item What IS a version
9559 Numeric Versions, V-String Versions
9561 =item Numeric Versions
9563 =item V-String Versions
9565 =item Object Methods
9567 New Operator, Stringification, Numification, Comparison operators, Logical
9572 =item Types of Versions Objects
9574 Ordinary versions, alpha versions
9576 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
9588 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9596 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9600 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9608 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9609 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9610 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9611 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9612 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9616 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9626 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9628 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9638 =item DBM Comparisons
9648 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9658 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9662 =item Typed lexicals
9664 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9666 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9668 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9670 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9678 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9679 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9680 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9681 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9682 be able to apply END handler>
9692 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9702 =item Subroutine Stubs
9704 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9706 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9708 =item Package Lexicals
9710 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9712 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9722 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9730 $keep, $check, $modtime
9734 =item Multiple packages
9742 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9752 =item Utility Functions
9756 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
9759 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
9760 check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
9762 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
9764 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
9766 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
9768 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
9770 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
9772 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
9773 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9777 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9781 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9785 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
9789 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9803 =item B::PVMG Methods
9807 =item B::MAGIC Methods
9809 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9811 =item B::PVLV Methods
9813 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9817 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9821 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9822 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9826 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9827 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9831 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS
9835 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
9836 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
9840 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9842 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9846 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9848 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9852 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9856 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9860 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9864 =item B::PMOP Methods
9866 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9867 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
9869 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9873 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9877 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9881 =item B::LOOP Methods
9883 redoop, nextop, lastop
9885 =item B::COP Methods
9887 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io
9895 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9904 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9910 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9922 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9942 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9954 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
9964 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9974 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9975 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9976 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9987 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9997 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9998 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9999 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
10011 =item Context of ".."
10015 =item Deprecated features
10023 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
10035 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
10036 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
10037 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
10039 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
10041 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
10042 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
10043 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
10044 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
10045 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
10046 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
10047 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
10048 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
10050 =item ABBREVIATIONS
10054 =item OP flags abbreviations
10056 =item OP class abbreviations
10060 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
10066 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
10078 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
10088 B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
10089 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
10091 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
10101 =item ambient_pragmas
10103 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
10115 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
10127 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
10135 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
10137 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<bare-subs>,
10138 B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
10139 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
10141 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
10151 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
10161 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10169 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
10181 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
10193 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
10195 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
10207 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
10217 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
10225 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10245 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
10259 =item Standard Exports
10261 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
10262 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
10263 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
10265 =item Optional Exports
10267 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
10268 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
10269 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
10271 =item :hireswallclock
10287 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
10291 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
10305 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10317 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10327 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
10339 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
10341 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
10343 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
10345 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
10347 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
10349 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
10351 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
10353 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
10355 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
10357 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
10359 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
10361 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
10363 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
10365 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
10367 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
10369 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
10371 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
10373 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
10374 B<:standard>, B<:all>
10378 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
10379 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
10382 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
10384 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
10385 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
10390 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
10394 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
10396 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
10398 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
10400 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
10402 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
10404 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
10406 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
10408 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
10409 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
10411 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
10415 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
10419 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
10421 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
10423 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
10425 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
10427 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
10429 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
10430 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
10432 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
10436 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
10440 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
10442 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
10444 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
10446 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
10450 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
10452 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
10454 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
10458 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
10460 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
10462 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
10466 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
10470 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
10474 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
10478 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
10482 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
10484 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
10486 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
10490 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
10492 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
10493 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
10495 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
10501 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
10502 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
10504 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
10506 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
10507 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
10510 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10516 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10520 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10522 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10523 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
10524 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
10525 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10526 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
10527 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10529 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10531 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
10536 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
10538 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
10540 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
10541 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
10543 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
10545 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10549 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
10550 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10551 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10552 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10553 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10554 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10555 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10556 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10557 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10558 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10559 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10560 ...and many many more..
10562 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10570 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10580 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10588 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10597 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10599 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10603 =item Changing the default message
10607 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10609 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
10617 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10625 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10627 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10631 =item Creating New Cookies
10633 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10635 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10637 =item Manipulating Cookies
10639 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10643 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10651 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10659 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10661 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10663 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10665 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10667 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10669 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10673 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10681 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10691 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10693 =item Customizing the Indenting
10705 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10713 =item USING CGI::Push
10715 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10719 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10721 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10725 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10727 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10735 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10745 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10753 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10761 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10767 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10779 =item Interactive Mode
10781 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10782 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10783 distribution, ls author, Signals
10791 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10793 =item Programmer's interface
10795 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10797 =item Methods in the other Classes
10799 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10800 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10801 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10802 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10803 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10804 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10805 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10806 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10807 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10808 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10809 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10810 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10811 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10812 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10813 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10814 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10815 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10816 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10817 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10818 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10819 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10820 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10821 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10822 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10823 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10824 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10826 =item Cache Manager
10830 =item Prerequisites
10832 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10836 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10840 =item CONFIGURATION
10842 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10843 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10844 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10845 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10849 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10851 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10859 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10861 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10865 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10867 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10869 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10875 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10887 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10897 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10910 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10920 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10928 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10930 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10940 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10941 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10942 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10944 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10952 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10962 =item The C<struct()> function
10964 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10966 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10968 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10969 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10971 =item Initializing with C<new>
10977 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10979 =item Author and Modification History
10983 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10991 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
11003 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
11007 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
11008 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
11009 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
11010 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
11014 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
11018 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
11019 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
11020 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
11021 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
11022 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
11023 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
11024 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
11028 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
11029 C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>,
11030 C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>,
11031 C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>,
11032 C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>,
11033 C<d_const>, C<d_copysignl>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>,
11034 C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>,
11035 C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>,
11036 C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>,
11037 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>,
11038 C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>,
11039 C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>,
11040 C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>,
11041 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
11042 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>,
11043 C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>,
11044 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>,
11045 C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>,
11046 C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>,
11047 C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>,
11048 C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>,
11049 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
11050 C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>,
11051 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>,
11052 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
11053 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
11054 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
11055 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
11056 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
11057 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
11058 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
11059 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
11060 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
11061 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
11062 C<d_htonl>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
11063 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
11064 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>,
11065 C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>,
11066 C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>,
11067 C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>,
11068 C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>,
11069 C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_modflproto>,
11070 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
11071 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
11072 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
11073 C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>,
11074 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
11075 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
11076 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
11077 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
11078 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
11079 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
11080 C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
11081 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
11082 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
11083 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
11084 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
11085 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>,
11086 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
11087 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
11088 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
11089 C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>,
11090 C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>,
11091 C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
11092 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>,
11093 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
11094 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
11095 C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
11096 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
11097 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
11098 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
11099 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>,
11100 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
11101 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
11102 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
11103 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
11104 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>,
11105 C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
11106 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
11107 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
11108 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
11109 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
11110 C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>, C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>,
11111 C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
11112 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
11113 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
11114 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
11115 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
11116 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
11117 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
11118 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
11119 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
11123 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
11124 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
11125 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
11126 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
11130 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
11131 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
11136 C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
11137 C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
11138 C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
11139 C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
11140 C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
11141 C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
11142 C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
11143 C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
11144 C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
11145 C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
11149 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
11150 C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
11154 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
11155 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
11156 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
11157 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
11158 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
11159 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
11160 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
11161 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
11162 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
11163 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
11164 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
11165 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
11166 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
11167 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
11168 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
11169 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
11170 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
11171 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
11172 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>,
11173 C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>,
11174 C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
11175 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitehtml1dir>,
11176 C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>, C<installsiteman1dir>,
11177 C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>, C<installstyle>,
11178 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
11179 C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>, C<installvendorlib>,
11180 C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>, C<installvendorscript>,
11181 C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
11185 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
11189 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
11190 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
11191 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
11192 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
11193 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
11194 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
11199 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
11200 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
11201 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
11205 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>,
11206 C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>,
11211 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
11212 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
11213 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
11214 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
11215 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
11219 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
11220 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
11224 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
11225 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
11229 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
11230 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
11231 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
11232 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
11236 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
11240 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
11241 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
11242 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
11246 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
11247 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
11248 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
11249 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
11250 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
11251 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
11252 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
11253 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>,
11254 C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>,
11255 C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>,
11256 C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>,
11257 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
11258 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
11259 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
11260 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
11261 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>,
11262 C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
11263 C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
11264 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>,
11265 C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
11269 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
11270 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
11275 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
11276 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
11277 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
11278 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
11279 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>,
11280 C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>,
11281 C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>,
11282 C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>,
11283 C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>,
11288 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
11289 C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>,
11290 C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>,
11291 C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>,
11292 C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>,
11293 C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
11294 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
11298 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
11302 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
11314 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
11324 =item getcwd and friends
11326 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
11328 =item abs_path and friends
11330 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
11342 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
11354 =item Global Variables
11356 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
11357 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
11362 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
11363 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
11365 =item Client Callback Methods
11367 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
11368 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
11369 CLIENT->output(LIST)
11379 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
11387 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
11391 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
11393 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
11395 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
11397 =item Default Parameters
11399 =item In Memory Databases
11407 =item A Simple Example
11415 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
11417 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
11419 =item The get_dup() Method
11421 =item The find_dup() Method
11423 =item The del_dup() Method
11425 =item Matching Partial Keys
11433 =item The 'bval' Option
11435 =item A Simple Example
11437 =item Extra RECNO Methods
11439 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
11440 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
11441 length, elements);>
11443 =item Another Example
11447 =item THE API INTERFACE
11449 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
11450 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
11451 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
11452 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
11456 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
11457 B<filter_fetch_value>
11463 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
11465 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
11469 =item HINTS AND TIPS
11473 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
11475 =item Safe ways to lock a database
11477 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
11479 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
11481 =item The untie() Gotcha
11485 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
11489 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
11491 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
11493 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
11495 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
11515 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
11516 printing and C<eval>
11528 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
11529 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
11530 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
11537 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
11563 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11571 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11583 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
11605 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11615 =item Runtime debugging
11617 =item Memory footprint debugging
11625 =item A simple scalar string
11627 =item A simple scalar number
11629 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11631 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11633 =item A reference to an array
11635 =item A reference to a hash
11637 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11639 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11641 =item A reference to a subroutine
11655 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11665 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11673 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11677 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11678 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
11679 $ctx->add($data,...), $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest,
11680 $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11688 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11698 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11702 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
11703 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11715 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11727 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11739 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11740 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11741 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11746 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11747 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11753 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11761 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11762 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11763 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11764 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11771 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11782 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
11784 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
11788 =item Order of initialization: early load()
11792 =item The most hairy case
11802 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11810 =item Table of Contents
11822 =item PERL ENCODING API
11824 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11825 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11826 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11831 =item Listing available encodings
11833 =item Defining Aliases
11837 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11839 =item Handling Malformed Data
11841 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11842 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11843 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11844 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11849 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11853 =item Defining Encodings
11855 =item The UTF-8 flag
11857 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11861 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11863 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11873 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11881 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11886 =item Alias overloading
11894 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11908 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11910 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11926 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11928 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11930 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11944 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11954 =item Methods you should implement
11956 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
11957 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
11959 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11961 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11963 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11967 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11971 =item Compiled Encodings
11977 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11981 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11991 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11992 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11993 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12003 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
12013 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
12021 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12023 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
12025 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
12039 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
12041 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
12057 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
12063 =item How does it work?
12065 =item Line Buffering
12069 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12077 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
12085 =item Encoding Names
12089 =item Supported Encodings
12093 =item Built-in Encodings
12095 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12097 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12099 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12100 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12102 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12104 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12105 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12106 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12108 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12110 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12114 =item Unsupported encodings
12116 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12117 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12118 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12119 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12121 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12123 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12127 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12129 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12135 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12136 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12143 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12144 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12148 =item Other Notable Sites
12150 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12151 "Introduction to i18n"
12153 =item Offline sources
12155 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12161 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
12175 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
12191 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
12199 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
12201 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
12207 =item by endianness
12209 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
12213 =item Surrogate Pairs
12219 =head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
12233 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
12242 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12247 =item Alias overloading
12255 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
12256 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12258 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
12261 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
12264 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
12265 Implementation Base Class
12275 =item Methods you should implement
12277 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12278 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12280 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12282 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
12284 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12288 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12292 =item Compiled Encodings
12298 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12302 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
12313 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12314 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12315 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12325 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
12326 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12328 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
12331 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
12334 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
12335 and 'Q' header encoding
12351 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
12352 on Encode and PerlIO
12358 =item How does it work?
12360 =item Line Buffering
12364 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12372 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
12373 supported by Encode
12381 =item Encoding Names
12385 =item Supported Encodings
12389 =item Built-in Encodings
12391 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12393 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12395 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12396 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12398 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12400 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12401 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12402 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12404 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12406 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12410 =item Unsupported encodings
12412 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12413 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12414 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12415 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12417 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12419 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12423 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12425 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12431 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12432 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12439 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12440 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12444 =item Other Notable Sites
12446 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12447 "Introduction to i18n"
12449 =item Offline sources
12451 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12457 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
12472 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12484 =item Predefined Methods
12486 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12487 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12488 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12490 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12492 =item Operator Overloading
12500 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
12501 non-ascii or non-utf8
12511 =item Literal Conversions
12513 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
12517 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
12519 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
12523 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
12524 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
12526 =item The Filter Option
12530 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
12540 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
12542 =item tr/// with ranges
12544 Legend of characters above
12548 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
12550 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
12552 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
12560 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12572 =item Predefined Methods
12574 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12575 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12576 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12578 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12580 =item Operator Overloading
12588 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
12601 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12616 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12632 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12642 =item How to Export
12644 =item Selecting What To Export
12646 =item How to Import
12648 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12652 =item Advanced features
12656 =item Specialised Import Lists
12658 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12660 =item Module Version Checking
12662 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12664 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12666 =item Generating combined tags
12668 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12674 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12684 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12705 mv source... destination
12707 cp source... destination
12725 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12739 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
12741 B<perllocal_install>
12745 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12755 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12763 perl_stringify NAME
12767 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12769 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12773 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12781 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12784 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12786 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12788 WriteMakefileSnippet
12790 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12791 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12799 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12811 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12812 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12822 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12840 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
12852 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>
12860 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12872 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12873 packlist(), version()
12881 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12889 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12890 dynamic extensions at load time
12896 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12906 =item VMS implementation
12908 =item Win32 implementation
12916 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12926 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12934 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12944 =item File::Spec wrappers
12952 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12968 makemakerdflt_target
12986 metafile_addtomanifest_target
12990 =item Abstract methods
12992 oneliner, B<quote_literal>, B<escape_newlines>, max_exec_len,
12993 B<init_others>, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform,
13006 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13007 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13021 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13022 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13036 replace_manpage_separator (o)
13040 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13050 =item Overridden methods
13058 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13068 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13069 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13091 init_platform, platform_constants
13097 special_targets (o)
13107 clean_subdirs_target
13111 realclean_subdirs_target
13119 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13120 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13132 init_platform (o), platform_constants
13140 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13141 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13159 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13169 =item Overridden methods
13177 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13187 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13213 clean_subdirs_target
13275 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
13305 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
13349 post_initialize (o)
13363 realclean_subdirs_target
13365 replace_manpage_separator
13387 test_via_harness (override)
13389 test_via_script (override)
13413 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13414 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13424 =item Methods always loaded
13436 guess_name (override)
13440 find_perl (override)
13442 maybe_command (override)
13444 perl_script (override)
13446 replace_manpage_separator
13452 init_main (override)
13454 init_others (override)
13456 init_platform (override)
13460 init_VERSION (override)
13462 constants (override)
13468 const_cccmd (override)
13470 tool_sxubpp (override)
13472 tools_other (override)
13474 init_dist (override)
13484 dynamic_lib (override)
13486 dynamic_bs (override)
13488 static_lib (override)
13490 processPL (override)
13492 installbin (override)
13494 subdir_x (override)
13498 clean_subdirs_target
13500 realclean (override)
13502 zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o)
13504 dist_test (override)
13508 perldepend (override)
13510 makefile (override)
13512 find_tests (override)
13516 makeaperl (override)
13518 nicetext (override)
13520 prefixify (override)
13540 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13541 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13553 =item Overridden methods
13559 replace_manpage_separator
13569 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
13571 special_targets (o)
13593 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
13603 =item Overriden methods
13619 clean_subdirs_target
13621 realclean_subdirs_target
13631 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
13641 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
13651 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
13653 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
13661 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
13665 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
13667 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
13669 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
13671 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
13673 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
13674 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
13675 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
13676 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
13677 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
13678 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
13679 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH,
13680 INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR,
13681 INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
13682 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
13683 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
13684 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT,
13685 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
13686 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW,
13687 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
13688 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
13689 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION,
13690 VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
13692 =item Additional lowercase attributes
13694 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
13695 test, tool_autosplit
13697 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
13699 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
13701 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
13703 =item Hintsfile support
13705 =item Distribution Support
13707 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
13708 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
13709 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
13711 =item Module Meta-Data
13713 =item Disabling an extension
13715 =item Other Handy Functions
13723 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
13733 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
13742 =item Philosophy and History
13744 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What's
13745 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
13746 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
13748 =item Module Writing
13750 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
13751 this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!
13755 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
13756 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
13769 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
13783 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
13792 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version agnostic bytes.pm
13802 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform agnostic vmsish.pm
13812 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
13850 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
13854 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
13862 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
13863 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
13867 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
13875 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
13887 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
13897 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
13906 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
13914 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13926 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13934 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13944 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13956 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13966 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13970 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
13978 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
13982 C<basename>, C<dirname>
13986 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
14000 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
14014 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
14024 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
14026 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
14038 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
14048 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
14060 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
14068 B<find>, B<finddepth>
14074 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
14075 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
14076 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
14078 =item The wanted function
14080 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
14081 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
14082 pathname to the file
14090 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
14098 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
14106 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
14107 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
14108 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
14112 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
14120 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
14134 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
14144 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
14145 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
14146 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
14154 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
14166 file_name_is_absolute
14170 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
14190 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
14208 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
14236 file_name_is_absolute
14258 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
14270 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
14303 file_name_is_absolute
14325 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
14341 =item Methods always loaded
14343 canonpath (override)
14361 case_tolerant (override)
14365 file_name_is_absolute (override)
14367 splitpath (override)
14369 splitdir (override)
14383 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
14409 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
14419 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
14455 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
14469 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
14479 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
14487 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
14499 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
14501 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
14513 =item Temporary files and NFS
14525 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
14541 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
14549 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
14559 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
14567 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
14573 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
14587 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
14589 =item All-in-one interface
14591 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
14593 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
14596 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
14598 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
14599 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
14600 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
14602 described in the previous section.
14604 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
14606 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
14618 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
14628 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
14632 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
14634 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
14642 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
14644 =item Example 2: Using the context
14646 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
14648 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
14652 =item Filter::Simple
14660 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
14668 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
14680 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
14696 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
14704 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
14706 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
14710 =item Simple options
14712 =item A little bit less simple options
14714 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
14716 =item Options with values
14718 =item Options with multiple values
14720 =item Options with hash values
14722 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
14724 =item Options with multiple names
14726 =item Case and abbreviations
14728 =item Summary of Option Specifications
14730 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
14735 =item Advanced Possibilities
14739 =item Object oriented interface
14741 =item Thread Safety
14743 =item Documentation and help texts
14745 =item Storing options in a hash
14749 =item The lonesome dash
14751 =item Argument callback
14755 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
14757 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
14758 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
14759 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
14760 (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
14761 (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
14762 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
14764 =item Exportable Methods
14766 VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
14768 =item Return values and Errors
14774 =item Default destinations
14776 =item Alternative option starters
14778 =item Configuration variables
14782 =item Trouble Shooting
14786 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
14788 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
14791 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
14793 =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
14795 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
14801 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14805 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
14814 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
14818 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
14828 =item Restricted hashes
14830 lock_keys, unlock_keys
14836 lock_value, unlock_value
14838 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
14850 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
14861 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
14872 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
14874 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
14876 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14878 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14880 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
14882 the function super_languages($lang1)
14884 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
14886 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
14888 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
14890 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
14894 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
14896 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
14906 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
14914 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
14916 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
14918 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
14919 Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
14920 Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
14921 {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
14922 {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
14923 {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
14924 : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
14925 Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
14926 Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
14927 : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
14928 Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
14929 : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
14930 Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
14931 Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
14932 (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
14933 {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
14934 Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
14935 Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
14936 (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
14937 American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
14938 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
14939 : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
14940 Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
14941 Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
14942 {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
14943 : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
14944 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
14945 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
14946 Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
14947 Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
14948 {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
14949 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
14950 : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
14951 English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
14952 (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
14953 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
14954 : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
14955 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
14956 (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
14957 Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
14958 {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
14959 {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
14960 German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
14961 : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
14962 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
14963 Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
14964 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
14965 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
14966 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
14967 {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
14968 (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
14969 (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
14970 Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
14971 Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
14972 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
14973 Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
14974 {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14975 Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
14976 : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
14977 {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
14978 {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
14979 {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
14980 Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
14981 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
14982 Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
14983 Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
14984 Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
14985 (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
14986 : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
14987 {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
14988 {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
14989 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
14990 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
14991 Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
14992 [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
14993 Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
14994 Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
14995 {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
14996 languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
14997 {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
14998 {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
14999 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
15000 {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
15001 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
15002 Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
15003 : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
15004 Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
15005 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
15006 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
15007 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
15008 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
15009 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
15010 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
15011 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
15012 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
15013 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
15014 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
15015 Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
15016 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
15017 Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
15018 {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
15019 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
15020 Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
15021 Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
15022 (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
15023 {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
15024 Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
15025 South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
15026 Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
15027 {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
15028 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
15029 {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
15030 Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
15031 Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
15032 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
15033 {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
15034 Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
15035 : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
15036 Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
15037 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
15038 Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
15039 : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
15040 : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
15041 Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
15042 Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
15043 : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
15048 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15054 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
15072 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15076 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
15088 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
15096 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15097 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15107 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15117 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15121 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
15129 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
15139 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15143 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15144 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15145 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15146 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15158 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15168 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15172 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15182 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15192 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15193 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
15203 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
15211 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
15212 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
15221 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
15231 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
15235 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
15236 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
15237 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
15247 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
15261 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
15262 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
15272 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
15288 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
15301 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
15315 hostpath(), peerpath()
15325 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
15334 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15335 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15345 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15355 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15359 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
15367 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
15378 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15382 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15383 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15384 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15385 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15397 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15407 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15411 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15421 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15431 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15432 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
15442 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
15451 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
15452 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
15461 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
15472 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
15476 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
15477 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
15478 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
15488 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
15503 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
15504 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
15514 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
15515 AF_INET domain sockets
15531 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
15544 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
15545 AF_UNIX domain sockets
15559 hostpath(), peerpath()
15569 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
15579 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
15580 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
15591 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
15605 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
15618 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
15628 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
15629 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
15630 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
15641 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
15659 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
15669 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
15670 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
15681 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
15692 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
15693 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
15694 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
15705 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
15713 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
15714 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
15718 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
15724 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
15725 general-utility list subroutines
15733 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
15734 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
15738 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
15744 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
15745 general-utility scalar subroutines
15753 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
15754 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
15755 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
15765 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
15773 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15777 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
15785 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
15793 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15795 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15797 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15798 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15800 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15802 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
15804 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
15810 =item rename_country
15818 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15822 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
15823 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
15824 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
15825 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
15833 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
15834 identification (ISO 4217)
15844 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15846 code2currency(), currency2code()
15848 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15850 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
15854 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15858 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
15859 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
15867 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
15876 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15878 code2language(), language2code()
15880 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15882 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
15886 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15890 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
15891 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
15899 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
15907 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15913 =item Construction Methods
15915 =item The "maketext" Method
15917 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
15919 =item Utility Methods
15921 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
15922 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
15923 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
15924 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
15926 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
15930 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
15932 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
15934 =item BRACKET NOTATION
15936 =item AUTO LEXICONS
15938 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
15940 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
15944 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15950 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
15958 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
15962 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
15964 =item The Linguistic View
15966 =item Breaking gettext
15968 =item Replacing gettext
15970 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
15972 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
15974 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
15976 =item Buzzword: Concision
15978 =item The Devil in the Details
15980 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
15988 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
15996 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16000 =item SPECIAL CODES
16004 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16006 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16007 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16009 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16011 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
16015 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16019 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
16020 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
16028 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
16036 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
16040 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
16048 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
16049 of quoted-printable strings
16057 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16063 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
16072 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16078 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
16088 =item Canonical notation
16092 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
16094 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
16098 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
16099 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
16107 =item Autocreating constants
16113 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
16121 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
16131 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
16139 Canonical notation, Input, Output
16163 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
16165 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
16167 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
16168 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
16170 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
16256 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
16266 =item Rounding mode R
16268 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
16269 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
16270 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
16283 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
16291 =item Autocreating constants
16297 =item Alternative math libraries
16303 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
16311 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
16317 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
16322 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
16323 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
16324 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
16334 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
16346 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
16350 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
16352 the same terms as Perl itself.
16360 =head2 Math::BigInt::Scalar - Pure Perl module to test Math::BigInt with
16371 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
16373 the same terms as Perl itself.
16381 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationales
16403 =item denominator()
16405 $d = $x->denominator();
16415 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
16423 =item is_positive()
16425 =item is_negative()
16445 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
16446 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer
16456 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
16469 =item STRINGIFICATION
16473 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
16479 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
16481 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
16489 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
16497 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
16503 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
16505 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
16509 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
16511 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
16515 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
16517 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
16519 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
16520 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
16524 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
16530 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
16540 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
16558 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
16560 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
16564 =item OTHER FACILITIES
16570 =item C<flush_cache>
16576 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
16578 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
16586 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16592 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
16601 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
16612 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
16624 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
16632 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
16640 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
16649 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
16658 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
16666 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
16674 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16680 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16684 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16688 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
16699 =item Enforcing redispatch
16701 =item Avoiding repetitions
16703 =item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
16705 =item Using C<EVERY> methods
16711 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
16717 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
16727 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
16730 =item CLASS METHODS
16732 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
16733 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
16734 ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
16744 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
16754 requires_firewall HOST
16756 =item NetConfig VALUES
16758 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
16759 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
16760 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
16764 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
16773 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
16781 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
16793 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
16797 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
16798 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
16799 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
16800 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
16801 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ),
16802 dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put (
16803 LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ),
16804 append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size
16805 ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[
16806 BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ),
16807 stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (),
16808 pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique (
16809 SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ),
16814 =item Methods for the adventurous
16820 =item THE dataconn CLASS
16822 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
16823 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
16825 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
16827 B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
16829 =item REPORTING BUGS
16837 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
16845 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
16855 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
16859 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
16860 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
16861 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
16862 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
16863 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
16864 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
16865 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
16869 =item Extension methods
16871 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
16872 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
16873 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
16874 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
16883 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
16893 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
16903 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
16907 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
16908 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
16909 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
16910 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
16922 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
16934 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
16935 ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
16936 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
16937 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
16938 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
16955 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
16967 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
16971 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
16972 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
16973 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
16974 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
16975 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
16976 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
16989 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
16997 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
16998 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
17006 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
17023 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
17031 =item Where to get this document
17033 =item How to contribute to this document
17037 =item Author and Copyright Information
17045 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
17049 =item What is libnet ?
17051 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
17053 =item What other modules do I need ?
17055 =item What machines support libnet ?
17057 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
17061 =item Using Net::FTP
17065 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
17067 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
17069 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
17071 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
17074 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
17076 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
17078 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
17080 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
17082 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
17084 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
17087 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
17089 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
17092 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
17095 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
17099 =item Using Net::SMTP
17103 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
17106 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
17108 =item The verify method always returns true ?
17112 =item Debugging scripts
17116 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
17120 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
17124 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
17141 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
17156 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
17173 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
17181 =item THE .netrc FILE
17183 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
17188 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
17192 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
17202 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
17212 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17220 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
17228 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17234 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17238 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17242 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
17254 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
17256 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
17257 or optag, an operator set (opset)
17259 =item Opcode Functions
17261 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
17262 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
17263 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
17266 =item Manipulating Opsets
17268 =item TO DO (maybe)
17274 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
17276 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
17277 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
17278 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
17287 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
17296 a new namespace, an operator mask
17302 =item RECENT CHANGES
17304 =item Methods in class Safe
17306 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17307 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17308 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17309 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17311 =item Some Safety Issues
17313 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17321 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
17334 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
17348 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
17349 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
17350 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
17351 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
17352 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
17353 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
17354 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
17355 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
17356 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
17357 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
17358 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
17359 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
17360 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
17361 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
17362 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
17363 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
17364 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
17365 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
17366 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
17367 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
17368 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
17369 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
17370 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
17371 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
17372 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
17379 =item POSIX::SigAction
17381 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
17383 =item POSIX::SigSet
17385 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
17387 =item POSIX::Termios
17389 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
17390 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
17391 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
17392 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
17393 values, c_oflag field values
17397 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
17401 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
17405 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
17459 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
17460 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
17464 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
17473 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop
17477 =item Custom Layers
17481 =item Alternatives to raw
17483 =item Defaults and how to override them
17485 =item Querying the layers of filehandle
17495 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
17507 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
17517 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
17525 =item EXPECTED METHODS
17527 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
17528 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
17529 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
17530 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
17531 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
17532 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
17533 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
17534 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
17540 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
17546 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
17556 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17562 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
17568 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
17574 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
17586 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
17587 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
17588 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
17589 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
17590 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
17591 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
17592 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
17593 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
17598 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
17599 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
17600 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
17601 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
17602 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
17603 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
17608 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
17609 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
17621 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
17623 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
17626 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
17628 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
17630 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
17632 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
17634 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
17636 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
17644 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
17656 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
17658 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
17665 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
17671 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
17673 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
17680 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
17692 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
17702 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
17703 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
17718 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
17731 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
17732 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
17738 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
17762 =item B<was_cutting()>
17768 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
17774 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
17780 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
17786 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
17792 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
17798 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
17804 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
17810 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
17816 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
17822 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
17828 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
17834 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
17840 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
17846 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
17852 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
17858 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
17864 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
17870 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
17876 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
17882 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
17888 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
17894 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
17900 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
17906 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
17912 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
17918 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
17924 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
17930 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
17936 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
17948 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
17960 =item OBJECT METHODS
17968 =item Data Accessors
17984 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
17986 B<StartWithNewPage>
18000 =item Subclassed methods
18014 B<interior_sequence>
18030 =item Methods for headings
18038 =item Internal methods
18044 B<_replace_special_chars>
18046 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
18052 B<_clean_latex_commands>
18054 B<_split_delimited>
18070 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
18078 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
18083 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
18084 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
18085 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
18096 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18100 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
18112 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18116 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
18130 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
18138 $list-E<gt>indent()
18146 $list-E<gt>parent()
18152 =item Pod::Hyperlink
18154 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
18158 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
18160 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
18164 $link-E<gt>warning()
18166 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
18172 $link-E<gt>alttext()
18182 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
18188 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
18192 =item Pod::Cache::Item
18194 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
18198 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
18200 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
18202 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
18204 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
18206 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
18208 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
18210 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
18220 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
18232 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
18234 =item PARSING OPTIONS
18236 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
18237 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
18243 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18251 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18257 =item B<verbatim()>
18259 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18265 =item B<textblock()>
18267 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18273 =item B<interior_sequence()>
18279 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18291 =item B<initialize()>
18297 =item B<begin_pod()>
18303 =item B<begin_input()>
18309 =item B<end_input()>
18321 =item B<preprocess_line()>
18327 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
18333 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
18339 =item B<parse_text()>
18341 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
18342 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
18343 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
18349 =item B<interpolate()>
18355 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
18361 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
18367 =item B<parse_from_file()>
18373 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
18379 =item B<errorsub()>
18391 =item B<parseopts()>
18397 =item B<output_file()>
18403 =item B<output_handle()>
18409 =item B<input_file()>
18415 =item B<input_handle()>
18421 =item B<input_streams()>
18427 =item B<top_stream()>
18433 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
18439 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
18445 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
18451 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
18459 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
18469 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18475 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
18487 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18493 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
18505 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18511 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
18521 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18527 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
18537 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18543 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
18555 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18561 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
18575 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
18585 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18591 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
18599 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
18603 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
18604 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
18616 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
18636 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
18649 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
18651 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
18657 =item OBJECT METHODS
18663 =item B<curr_headings()>
18675 =item B<add_selection()>
18681 =item B<clear_selections()>
18687 =item B<match_section()>
18693 =item B<is_selected()>
18699 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
18705 =item B<podselect()>
18707 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
18713 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
18719 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
18725 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
18731 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
18743 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
18751 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
18755 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
18756 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
18757 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
18768 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18772 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
18786 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18790 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
18805 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18809 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
18824 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18828 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
18837 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
18846 =item Recommended Use
18854 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
18858 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
18866 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
18872 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
18876 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
18880 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
18888 a new namespace, an operator mask
18894 =item RECENT CHANGES
18896 =item Methods in class Safe
18898 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
18899 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
18900 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
18901 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
18903 =item Some Safety Issues
18905 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
18913 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
18921 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
18922 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
18923 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
18933 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
18943 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
18953 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
18963 =item The __DATA__ token
18965 =item SelfLoader autoloading
18967 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
18969 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
18971 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
18973 =item Classes and inherited methods.
18977 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
18981 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
18991 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
18999 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
19000 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
19008 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
19009 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
19010 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
19011 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
19012 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
19016 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
19026 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
19030 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
19032 =item CODE REFERENCES
19034 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
19036 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
19038 =item ERROR REPORTING
19046 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
19051 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
19052 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
19060 =item Storable magic
19070 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
19082 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
19096 =item Allowing fall-through
19098 =item Automating fall-through
19100 =item Alternative syntax
19102 =item Higher-order Operations
19118 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
19128 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
19140 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
19141 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19149 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19150 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19151 in 5.004_02), closelog
19161 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
19162 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19170 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19171 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19172 in 5.004_02), closelog
19182 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
19192 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
19193 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
19194 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
19198 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
19208 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19212 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
19228 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
19230 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19232 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19234 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
19242 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19250 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
19258 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
19268 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
19269 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
19277 =item Minimal set of supported functions
19279 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
19280 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
19282 =item Additional supported functions
19284 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
19294 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
19302 =item QUICK START GUIDE
19308 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
19309 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
19319 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
19325 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
19329 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
19339 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
19359 =item Setting up tests
19377 =item Running tests
19383 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
19385 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
19411 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
19423 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
19427 =item Test Status and Info
19461 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
19471 =item The test script output
19473 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
19474 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
19479 =item Configuration variables.
19481 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
19485 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
19512 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
19513 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
19514 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
19515 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
19519 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
19520 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
19521 C<HARNESS_OK_SLOW>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
19537 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
19563 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
19573 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
19611 =item C<analyze_fh>
19617 =item C<analyze_file>
19629 =item C<_INC2PERL5LIB>
19635 =item C<_filtered_INC>
19641 =item C<_restore_PERL5LIB>
19651 =item C<_is_comment>
19659 =item C<_is_header>
19671 =item C<_is_bail_out>
19677 =item C<_reset_file_state>
19687 =item C<_detailize>
19703 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
19713 =item I love it when a plan comes together
19723 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
19763 =item Conditional tests
19769 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
19771 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
19775 =item Comparison functions
19789 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
19799 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
19801 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
19814 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
19838 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
19847 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
19855 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
19857 =item Where to start?
19861 =item Test the manual
19863 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
19865 =item Testing lots of values
19867 =item Informative names
19869 =item Skipping tests
19873 =item Testing with taint mode.
19885 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
19897 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
19907 =item General behaviour in list contexts
19911 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
19913 =item A note about prefixes
19915 =item C<extract_delimited>
19917 =item C<extract_bracketed>
19919 =item C<extract_variable>
19923 =item C<extract_tagged>
19925 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
19926 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
19928 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
19930 =item C<extract_quotelike>
19932 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
19934 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
19936 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
19938 =item C<extract_codeblock>
19940 =item C<extract_multiple>
19942 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
19948 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
19949 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
19950 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
19951 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
19952 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
19953 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
19954 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
19955 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
19956 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
19957 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
19958 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
19959 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
19964 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
19970 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
19985 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
20002 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
20017 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
20033 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
20045 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
20046 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
20047 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
20051 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
20059 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
20067 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20069 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
20075 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
20083 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20085 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
20089 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
20104 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
20114 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
20122 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
20123 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
20124 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
20125 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
20133 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
20153 =item Option Format
20157 =item Public Methods
20165 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
20171 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
20173 =item Deferred Writing
20177 =item Autodeferring
20181 =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
20187 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
20201 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
20210 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
20211 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
20212 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
20213 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
20215 =item MORE INFORMATION
20217 =item COMPATIBILITY
20221 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
20230 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
20231 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
20233 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
20235 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
20237 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
20239 =item MORE INFORMATION
20243 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
20251 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
20261 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
20279 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
20288 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
20290 =item MORE INFORMATION
20294 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
20306 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
20315 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
20316 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
20317 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer (
20318 $which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer (
20329 =item negative time not invented yet
20331 =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
20339 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20343 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
20351 =item IMPLEMENTATION
20361 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
20376 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
20391 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
20403 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
20411 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<isa( VAL, TYPE )>,
20412 C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<<
20413 CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<can( VAL, METHOD )>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
20419 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
20429 =item Constructor and Tailoring
20431 UCA_Version, alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level,
20432 normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table,
20433 undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
20435 =item Methods for Collation
20437 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
20438 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
20439 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
20440 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
20441 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
20442 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
20443 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
20445 =item Methods for Searching
20447 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
20448 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
20449 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
20450 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
20451 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
20452 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
20453 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
20455 =item Other Methods
20457 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, UCA_Version,
20458 Base_Unicode_Version
20464 =item Conformance Test
20472 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/,
20473 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
20474 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/CollationTest.html
20475 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/CollationTest.zip,
20476 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/, L<Unicode::Normalize>
20480 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
20490 =item Normalization Forms
20492 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
20493 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
20494 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
20496 =item Decomposition and Composition
20498 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
20499 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
20500 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
20504 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
20505 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
20506 check($form_name, $string)>
20508 =item Character Data
20510 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
20511 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
20512 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
20513 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
20514 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
20515 C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
20516 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
20526 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
20527 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
20531 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
20573 =item Blocks versus Scripts
20575 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
20577 =item Code Point Arguments
20603 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
20609 =item Implementation Note
20621 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
20636 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
20647 =item System Specifics
20661 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
20669 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
20671 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
20672 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
20673 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
20674 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
20675 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFolderPath(FOLDER [,
20676 CREATE]), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(),
20677 Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(),
20678 Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
20679 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
20680 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
20681 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
20682 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
20683 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
20684 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
20685 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
20686 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
20687 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
20688 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
20694 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
20704 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
20706 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
20710 =item Order of initialization: early load()
20714 =item The most hairy case
20724 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
20726 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
20727 don't all have manual pages yet:
20761 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob