4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Platform-Specific
56 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
66 =item Running Perl programs
68 =item Basic syntax overview
70 =item Perl variable types
72 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
74 =item Variable scoping
76 =item Conditional and looping constructs
78 if, while, for, foreach
80 =item Builtin operators and functions
82 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
87 =item Regular expressions
89 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
90 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
92 =item Writing subroutines
96 =item Using Perl modules
104 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2001/11/19
113 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
115 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
117 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
121 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
123 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
125 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
127 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
129 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
131 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
135 =item About the perlfaq documents
139 =item Where to get the perlfaq
141 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
143 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
150 =item Author and Copyright Information
154 =item Bundled Distributions
162 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
163 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
164 Initial Release: 11/March/97
168 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
176 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
186 =item Simple statements
188 =item Compound statements
196 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
200 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
202 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
208 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
222 =item Scalar value constructors
224 =item List value constructors
228 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
236 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
246 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
248 =item The Arrow Operator
250 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
254 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
256 =item Binding Operators
258 =item Multiplicative Operators
260 =item Additive Operators
262 =item Shift Operators
264 =item Named Unary Operators
266 =item Relational Operators
268 =item Equality Operators
272 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
274 =item C-style Logical And
276 =item C-style Logical Or
278 =item Range Operators
280 =item Conditional Operator
282 =item Assignment Operators
286 =item List Operators (Rightward)
292 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
294 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
296 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
298 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
300 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
302 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
303 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
304 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
305 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
307 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
309 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
310 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
311 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
312 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
317 =item Constant Folding
319 =item Bitwise String Operators
321 =item Integer Arithmetic
323 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
331 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
341 =item Private Variables via my()
343 =item Persistent Private Variables
345 =item Temporary Values via local()
347 =item Lvalue subroutines
349 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
351 =item When to Still Use local()
353 =item Pass by Reference
357 =item Constant Functions
359 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
363 =item Subroutine Attributes
371 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
379 =item Perl Functions by Category
381 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
382 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
383 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
384 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
385 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
386 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
387 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
388 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
389 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
390 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
395 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
397 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
398 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
399 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
400 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
401 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
402 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
403 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
404 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
405 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
406 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
407 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
408 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
409 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
410 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
411 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
412 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
413 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
414 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
415 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
416 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
417 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
418 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
419 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
420 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
421 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
422 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
423 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
424 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
425 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
426 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
427 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
428 next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
429 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
430 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
431 EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
432 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
433 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
434 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
435 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
436 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
437 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
438 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
439 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
440 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
441 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
442 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
443 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
444 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
445 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
446 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
447 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
448 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
449 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
450 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
451 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
452 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
453 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
454 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
455 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
456 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
457 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
458 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
459 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
460 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
461 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
462 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
463 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
464 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
465 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
466 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
467 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
468 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
469 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
475 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
481 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
489 =item Making References
491 =item Using References
509 =item Distribution Conditions
515 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
521 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
522 more elaborate constructs
526 =item COMMON MISTAKES
528 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
530 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
536 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
540 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
542 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
544 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
548 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
552 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
554 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
556 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
560 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
564 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
566 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
568 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
572 =item HASHES OF HASHES
576 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
578 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
580 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
584 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
588 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
590 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
592 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
604 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
614 =item Simple word matching
616 =item Using character classes
618 =item Matching this or that
620 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
622 =item Extracting matches
624 =item Matching repetitions
628 =item Search and replace
630 =item The split operator
638 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
642 =item Acknowledgments
648 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
656 =item Ordinary Paragraph
658 =item Verbatim Paragraph
660 =item Command Paragraph
662 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
663 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
664 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
665 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
667 =item Formatting Codes
669 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
670 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
671 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
672 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
673 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
674 (zero-effect) formatting code
678 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
680 =item Hints for Writing Pod
690 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
697 =item Pod Definitions
701 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
702 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
704 =item Pod Formatting Codes
706 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
707 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
708 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
709 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
710 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
711 contains non-breaking spaces
713 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
715 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
717 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
719 =item About =over...=back Regions
721 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
729 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
737 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
755 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
757 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
758 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
759 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
760 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
762 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
764 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
765 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
766 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
770 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
772 =item Numerical Traps
774 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
776 =item General data type traps
778 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
779 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
781 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
783 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
785 =item Precedence Traps
787 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
790 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
792 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
793 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
796 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
798 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
804 =item Interpolation Traps
806 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
807 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
813 =item Unclassified Traps
815 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
822 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
832 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
834 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
836 =item Location of Perl
838 =item Command Switches
840 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
841 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
842 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
843 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
844 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
845 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
852 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
853 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
854 PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to
859 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
867 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
875 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
877 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
879 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
883 =item Backward Compatibility
885 =item Category Hierarchy
889 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
901 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
909 =item Looking at data and -w and w
913 =item Stepping through code
915 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
917 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
935 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
941 =item The Perl Debugger
945 =item Debugger Commands
947 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
948 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
949 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
950 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
951 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
952 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
953 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
954 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
955 cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man
958 =item Configurable Options
960 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
961 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
962 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
963 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
964 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
965 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
967 =item Debugger input/output
969 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
972 =item Debugging compile-time statements
974 =item Debugger Customization
976 =item Readline Support
978 =item Editor Support for Debugging
980 =item The Perl Profiler
984 =item Debugging regular expressions
986 =item Debugging memory usage
994 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1002 =item Predefined Names
1004 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1005 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1006 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1007 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1008 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1009 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1010 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1011 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1012 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1013 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1014 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1015 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1016 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1017 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1018 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1019 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1020 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1021 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1022 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1023 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1024 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1025 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1026 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1027 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1028 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1029 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1030 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1031 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1032 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1033 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1035 =item Error Indicators
1037 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1045 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1053 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1055 =item Growing Your Own
1057 =item Access and Printing
1069 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1075 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1083 =item The Minus File
1085 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1091 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1095 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1099 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1103 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1105 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1107 =item Paths as Opens
1109 =item Single Argument Open
1111 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1115 =item Other I/O Issues
1119 =item Opening Non-File Files
1129 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1135 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1141 =item The Basic Principle
1145 =item Packing Numbers
1151 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1153 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1155 =item Floating point Numbers
1159 =item Exotic Templates
1171 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1175 =item Lengths and Widths
1179 =item String Lengths
1181 =item Dynamic Templates
1185 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1189 =item The Alignment Pit
1191 =item Alignment, Take 2
1193 =item Alignment, Take 3
1195 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1201 =item Funnies Section
1207 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1213 =item Part 1: The basics
1217 =item Simple word matching
1219 =item Using character classes
1221 =item Matching this or that
1223 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1225 =item Extracting matches
1227 =item Matching repetitions
1229 =item Building a regexp
1231 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1235 =item Part 2: Power tools
1239 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1241 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1243 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1245 =item Non-capturing groupings
1247 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1249 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1251 =item Conditional expressions
1253 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1255 =item Pragmas and debugging
1263 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1267 =item Acknowledgments
1273 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1283 =item Regular Expressions
1285 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1287 =item Extended Patterns
1289 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1290 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1291 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1292 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1296 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1298 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1300 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1302 =item Combining pieces together
1304 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1305 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1306 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1307 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1309 =item Creating custom RE engines
1319 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1329 =item Making References
1331 =item Using References
1333 =item Symbolic references
1335 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1337 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1339 =item Function Templates
1349 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1357 =item Format Variables
1367 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1375 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1383 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1385 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1387 =item Invoking a barnyard
1389 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1391 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1393 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1395 =item A few notes about @ISA
1397 =item Overriding the methods
1399 =item Starting the search from a different place
1401 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1403 =item Where we're at so far...
1405 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1407 =item Invoking an instance method
1409 =item Accessing the instance data
1411 =item How to build a horse
1413 =item Inheriting the constructor
1415 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1417 =item Adding parameters to a method
1419 =item More interesting instances
1421 =item A horse of a different color
1433 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1439 =item Creating a Class
1443 =item Object Representation
1445 =item Class Interface
1447 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1449 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1453 =item Other Object Methods
1461 =item Accessing Class Data
1463 =item Debugging Methods
1465 =item Class Destructors
1467 =item Documenting the Interface
1477 =item Overridden Methods
1479 =item Multiple Inheritance
1481 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1485 =item Alternate Object Representations
1489 =item Arrays as Objects
1491 =item Closures as Objects
1495 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1499 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1501 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1505 =item Metaclassical Tools
1511 =item Data Members as Variables
1519 =item Object Terminology
1525 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1531 =item Acknowledgments
1537 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1543 =item Class Data in a Can
1545 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1549 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1551 =item Inheritance Concerns
1553 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1555 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1557 =item Monadic Classes
1559 =item Translucent Attributes
1563 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1567 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1569 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1571 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1573 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1575 =item Translucency Revisited
1583 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1585 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1591 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1599 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1601 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1603 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1605 =item Method Invocation
1607 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1609 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1611 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1617 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1625 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1631 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1633 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1635 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1637 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1639 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1641 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1643 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1645 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1647 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1649 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1655 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1667 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1672 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1673 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1674 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1675 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1680 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1681 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1682 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1684 =item Tying FileHandles
1686 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1687 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1692 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1704 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1705 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1721 =item Using open() for IPC
1727 =item Background Processes
1729 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1731 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1733 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1735 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1739 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1743 =item Internet Line Terminators
1745 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1747 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1751 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1755 =item A Simple Client
1757 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1759 =item A Webget Client
1761 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1765 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1767 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1769 =item UDP: Message Passing
1783 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1793 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1795 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1796 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1797 files, directories and network sockets
1799 =item Resource limits
1801 =item Killing the parent process
1803 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1805 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1807 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1808 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1809 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1821 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1829 =item Storing numbers
1831 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1833 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1835 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1836 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1837 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1846 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1854 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1860 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1862 =item Threaded Program Models
1874 =item Native threads
1876 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1878 =item Threadsafe Modules
1884 =item Basic Thread Support
1886 =item Creating Threads
1888 =item Giving up control
1890 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1892 =item Errors In Threads
1894 =item Ignoring A Thread
1898 =item Threads And Data
1902 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1904 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1906 =item Controlling access: lock()
1908 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1910 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1914 =item Threads And Code
1918 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1920 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1922 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1924 =item Subroutine Locks
1928 =item Locking A Subroutine
1932 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1936 =item What Thread Am I In?
1940 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1942 =item What Threads Are Running?
1946 =item A Complete Example
1954 =item Introductory Texts
1956 =item OS-Related References
1958 =item Other References
1962 =item Acknowledgements
1970 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1976 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1985 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1987 =item Files and Filesystems
1989 =item System Interaction
1991 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1993 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1995 =item Standard Modules
1999 =item Character sets and character encoding
2001 =item Internationalisation
2003 =item System Resources
2013 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2014 http://testers.cpan.org/
2022 =item DOS and Derivatives
2030 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2038 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2042 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2044 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2045 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2046 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2047 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2048 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2049 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2050 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2051 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2052 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
2053 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
2054 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
2055 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
2056 kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
2057 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
2058 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
2059 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
2060 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2061 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2062 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2063 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2064 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2065 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2066 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2067 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2068 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2069 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2075 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2076 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2077 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2078 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2079 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2080 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2082 =item Supported Platforms
2086 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2092 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2099 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2105 =item The use locale pragma
2107 =item The setlocale function
2109 =item Finding locales
2111 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2113 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2115 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2117 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2119 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2121 =item The localeconv function
2123 =item I18N::Langinfo
2127 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2131 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2133 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2135 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2137 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2141 =item Other categories
2149 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2150 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2156 =item Backward compatibility
2158 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2160 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2162 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2164 =item Freely available locale definitions
2168 =item An imperfect standard
2176 =item Broken systems
2186 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2196 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2198 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2200 =item Creating Unicode
2202 =item Handling Unicode
2204 =item Legacy Encodings
2208 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2212 =item Advanced Topics
2216 =item Questions With Answers
2218 Will My Old Scripts Break?, How Do I Make My Scripts Work With Unicode?,
2219 How Do I Know Whether My String Is In Unicode?, How Do I Detect Invalid
2220 UTF-8?, How Do I Convert Data Into UTF-8? Or Vice Versa?, How Do I Display
2221 Unicode? How Do I Input Unicode?, How Does Unicode Work With Traditional
2224 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2226 =item Further Resources
2230 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2234 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2236 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2240 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2248 =item Important Caveats
2250 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2251 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2253 =item Byte and Character semantics
2255 =item Effects of character semantics
2261 =item Character encodings for input and output
2267 =item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL
2271 =item Unicode Encodings
2273 UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16BE, UTF16-LE, Surrogates, and BOMs (Byte Order Marks),
2274 UTF-32, UTF-32BE, UTF32-LE, UCS-2, UCS-4, UTF-7
2276 =item Security Implications of Malformed UTF-8
2278 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2286 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2292 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2300 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2304 =item 13 variant characters
2312 =item Unicode and UTF
2316 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2318 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2320 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2334 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2336 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2338 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2340 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2348 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2350 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2352 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2354 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2358 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2362 =item URL decoding and encoding
2364 =item uu encoding and decoding
2366 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2368 =item Caesarian ciphers
2372 =item Hashing order and checksums
2376 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2388 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2408 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2416 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2418 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2420 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2424 =item Protecting Your Programs
2432 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2444 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2450 =item Making your module threadsafe
2458 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2468 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2469 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2483 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2489 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2493 =item Pragmatic Modules
2495 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2496 diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops,
2497 overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings,
2500 =item Standard Modules
2502 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2503 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse,
2504 B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse,
2505 B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie,
2506 CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN,
2507 CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct,
2508 Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode,
2509 Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2510 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2511 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
2512 ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS,
2513 ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2514 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2515 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2516 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2517 File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac,
2518 File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32,
2519 File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin,
2520 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
2521 I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants,
2522 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
2523 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2524 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2525 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2526 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2527 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2528 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2529 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2530 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
2531 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer,
2532 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
2533 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic, SDBM_File, Safe,
2534 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2535 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2536 Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial,
2537 Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs,
2538 Text::Wrap, Thread, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
2539 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
2540 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
2543 =item Extension Modules
2555 =item Central America
2567 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2571 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2573 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2575 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2583 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2589 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2593 =item Before you start
2601 =item Release considerations
2605 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2609 =item Has it been done before?
2611 =item Do one thing and do it well
2613 =item What's in a name?
2617 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2621 =item To OO or not to OO?
2623 =item Designing your API
2625 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2626 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2629 =item Strictness and warnings
2631 =item Backwards compatibility
2633 =item Error handling and messages
2637 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2643 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2647 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2651 =item Version numbering
2653 =item Pre-requisites
2663 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2667 =item Reinventing the wheel
2669 =item Trying to do too much
2671 =item Inappropriate documentation
2677 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2678 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2684 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2694 =item What should I make into a module?
2696 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2698 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2700 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2702 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2703 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2704 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2706 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2708 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2709 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2719 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.2 $, $Date:
2720 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
2730 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2732 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2734 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2736 =item What is perl6?
2738 =item How stable is Perl?
2740 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2742 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2745 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2747 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2749 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2751 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2753 =item What is a JAPH?
2755 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2757 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2758 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2762 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2766 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.3 $,
2767 $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
2775 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2777 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2779 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2781 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2784 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2785 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2787 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2788 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2790 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2792 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2794 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2796 =item Where should I post source code?
2800 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2802 =item Perl in Magazines
2804 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2806 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2808 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2810 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2812 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2814 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2818 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2822 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.10 $, $Date: 2001/11/19
2831 =item How do I do (anything)?
2833 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2835 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2837 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2839 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2841 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2843 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2845 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2847 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2849 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2850 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2851 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2853 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2855 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2857 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2859 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2861 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2863 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2865 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2867 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
2868 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
2870 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2872 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2874 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2876 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2878 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2880 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2882 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2884 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2886 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2888 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2890 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2892 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2894 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2895 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2897 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2900 =item What's MakeMaker?
2904 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2908 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2001/12/07
2919 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2920 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2922 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2924 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2927 =item How do I convert between numeric representations:
2929 B<How do I convert Hexadecimal into decimal:>, B<How do I convert from
2930 decimal to hexadecimal:>, B<How do I convert from octal to decimal:>, B<How
2931 do I convert from decimal to octal:>, B<How do I convert from binary to
2932 decimal:>, B<How do I convert from decimal to binary:>
2934 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2936 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2938 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2940 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2942 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2950 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2952 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2954 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2956 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2958 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2960 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2962 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2970 =item How do I validate input?
2972 =item How do I unescape a string?
2974 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2976 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2978 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2980 =item How do I reverse a string?
2982 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2984 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2986 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2988 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2990 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2993 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2995 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2996 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2998 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3000 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3002 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3004 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3006 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3008 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3010 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3012 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3013 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3022 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3024 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3026 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3030 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3033 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3034 intersection of two arrays?
3036 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3038 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3040 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3042 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3044 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3046 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3048 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3050 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3052 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3054 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3056 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3060 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3064 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3066 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3069 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3071 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3073 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3075 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3077 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3079 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3081 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3083 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3085 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3087 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3089 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3092 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3093 array of hashes or arrays?
3095 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3103 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3105 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3107 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3109 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3111 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3113 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3115 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3119 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3123 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
3132 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3134 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3135 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3137 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3139 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3141 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3143 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3144 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3146 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3148 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3150 =item How can I write() into a string?
3152 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3154 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3156 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3158 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3160 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3162 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3164 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3166 =item How can I lock a file?
3168 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3170 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3171 the file. How can I do this?
3173 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3174 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3176 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3178 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3180 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3182 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3184 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3186 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3188 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3190 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3192 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3194 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3196 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3198 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
3199 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3201 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3203 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3204 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3206 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3208 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3212 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3216 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/12/02 01:55:12 $)
3224 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3225 and unmaintainable code?
3227 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3229 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3231 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3234 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3236 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3239 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3241 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3243 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3245 =item What is C</o> really for?
3247 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3250 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3252 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3254 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3256 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3258 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3260 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3262 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3264 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3266 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3268 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3270 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3272 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3274 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3278 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3282 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/07
3291 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3293 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3296 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3299 =item How do I skip some return values?
3301 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3303 =item What's an extension?
3305 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3307 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3309 =item How do I create a module?
3311 =item How do I create a class?
3313 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3315 =item What's a closure?
3317 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3319 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3322 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3325 =item How do I create a static variable?
3327 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3328 Between local() and my()?
3330 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3333 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3335 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3337 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3339 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3341 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3343 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3345 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3347 =item How can I find out my current package?
3349 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3351 =item How do I clear a package?
3353 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3357 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3361 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
3370 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3372 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3374 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3376 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3378 =item How do I print something out in color?
3380 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3382 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3384 =item How do I clear the screen?
3386 =item How do I get the screen size?
3388 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3390 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3392 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3394 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3396 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3398 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3400 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3402 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3404 =item How do I set the time and date?
3406 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3408 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3410 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3412 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3413 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3415 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3417 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3419 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3421 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3423 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3425 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3427 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3429 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3431 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3433 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3436 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3438 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3440 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3442 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3445 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3446 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3447 changes to be visible?
3451 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3454 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3456 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3458 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3460 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3462 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3464 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3466 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3468 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3470 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3472 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3474 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3476 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3479 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3481 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3485 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3489 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04
3498 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3500 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3503 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3505 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3507 =item How do I extract URLs?
3509 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3510 file on another machine?
3512 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3514 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3516 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3518 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3520 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3522 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3524 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3526 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3527 CGI script to do bad things?
3529 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3531 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3533 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3535 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3537 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3539 =item How do I send mail?
3541 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3543 =item How do I read mail?
3545 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3547 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3549 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3551 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3555 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3559 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3569 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3573 =item Using The Back Ends
3577 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3581 =item The Decompiling Back End
3583 =item The Lint Back End
3585 =item The Simple C Back End
3587 =item The Bytecode Back End
3589 =item The Optimized C Back End
3591 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3592 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3593 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3597 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3603 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3613 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3614 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3618 =item Compiling your C program
3620 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3622 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3624 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3626 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3628 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3630 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3632 =item Execution of END blocks
3634 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3636 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3641 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3651 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3657 =item Debugger Internals
3661 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3665 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3667 =item Debugging regular expressions
3671 =item Compile-time output
3673 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3674 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3675 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3678 =item Types of nodes
3680 =item Run-time output
3684 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3688 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3690 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3691 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3694 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3696 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3698 =item B<-DL> details
3702 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3710 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3722 =item Version caveat
3724 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3736 =item What has gone on?
3738 =item Writing good test scripts
3742 =item What's new here?
3744 =item Input and Output Parameters
3746 =item The XSUBPP Program
3748 =item The TYPEMAP file
3750 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3754 =item What has happened here?
3756 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3758 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3760 =item More about XSUB arguments
3762 =item The Argument Stack
3764 =item Extending your Extension
3766 =item Documenting your Extension
3768 =item Installing your Extension
3772 =item New Things in this Example
3776 =item New Things in this Example
3778 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3780 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3782 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3784 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3800 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3812 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3814 =item The Argument Stack
3816 =item The RETVAL Variable
3818 =item The MODULE Keyword
3820 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3822 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3824 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3826 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3828 =item The CODE: Keyword
3830 =item The INIT: Keyword
3832 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3834 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3836 =item Default Parameter Values
3838 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3840 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3842 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3844 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3846 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3848 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3850 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3852 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3854 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3856 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3858 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3860 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3862 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3864 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3866 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3868 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3870 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3872 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3874 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3876 =item The CASE: Keyword
3878 =item The & Unary Operator
3880 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3882 =item Using XS With C++
3884 =item Interface Strategy
3886 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3890 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
3892 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
3904 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3914 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3916 =item File Operations
3918 =item File Input and Output
3920 =item File Positioning
3922 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3924 =item Character Class Tests
3926 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3928 =item Miscellaneous functions
3936 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3948 =item What is an "IV"?
3950 =item Working with SVs
3954 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3956 =item Working with AVs
3958 =item Working with HVs
3960 =item Hash API Extensions
3964 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3966 =item Creating New Variables
3968 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3970 =item Stashes and Globs
3972 =item Double-Typed SVs
3974 =item Magic Variables
3976 =item Assigning Magic
3978 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3982 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3984 =item Localizing changes
3986 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3987 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3988 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3989 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3990 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3991 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3992 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3993 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3994 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3995 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4003 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4005 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4007 =item Memory Allocation
4011 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4015 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4025 =item Examining the tree
4027 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4029 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4031 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4033 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4035 =item Pluggable runops
4039 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4041 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4045 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4047 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4049 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4051 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4053 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4057 =item Internal Functions
4059 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4063 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4065 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4067 =item Source Documentation
4071 =item Unicode Support
4075 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4077 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4079 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4081 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4083 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4085 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4089 =item Custom Operators
4097 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4103 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4105 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4107 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4127 =item Determining the Context
4131 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4137 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4139 =item Passing Parameters
4141 =item Returning a Scalar
4143 =item Returning a list of values
4145 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4147 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4151 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4155 =item Using call_argv
4157 =item Using call_method
4161 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4163 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4165 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4166 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4169 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4171 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4183 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4193 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4194 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4195 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4196 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4200 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4202 =item Administration
4204 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4208 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4209 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4217 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4227 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4229 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4231 B<Decryption Filters>
4233 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4235 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4237 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4249 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4257 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4258 B<filter_fetch_value>
4264 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4266 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4276 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4282 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4283 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4284 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
4285 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
4286 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
4287 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
4288 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number,
4289 grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
4290 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
4291 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
4292 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
4293 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4294 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4295 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
4296 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
4297 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
4298 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
4299 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSV, newSViv,
4300 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
4301 newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, new_vstring, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv,
4302 Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone, perl_construct,
4303 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na,
4304 PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx,
4305 POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc,
4306 require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, scan_bin,
4307 scan_hex, scan_oct, sharedsv_find, sharedsv_init, sharedsv_lock,
4308 sharedsv_new, sharedsv_thrcnt_dec, sharedsv_thrcnt_inc, sharedsv_unlock,
4309 sortsv, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ,
4310 strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK,
4311 SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
4312 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK,
4313 SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK,
4314 SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV,
4315 SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen,
4316 SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen,
4317 SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT,
4318 SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC,
4319 SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH,
4320 SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE,
4321 SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK,
4322 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX, sv_2bool,
4323 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4324 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4325 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4326 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4327 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
4328 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
4329 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
4330 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4331 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4332 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4333 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4334 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4335 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg,
4336 sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
4337 sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags,
4338 sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true,
4339 sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
4340 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
4341 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn,
4342 THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, to_utf8_case, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni,
4343 utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr,
4344 utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
4345 XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
4346 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO,
4347 XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
4356 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4363 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
4364 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
4365 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4373 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4383 =item History and Background
4385 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4387 =item Data Structures
4389 =item Functions and Attributes
4391 =item Per-instance Data
4393 =item Layers in action.
4395 =item Per-instance flag bits
4397 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4398 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4399 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4400 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4402 =item Methods in Detail
4404 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4405 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4406 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4407 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4408 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4409 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4410 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4411 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4412 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4413 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4414 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4415 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4416 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4417 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4421 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4423 =item Extension Layers
4425 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4431 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4439 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4440 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4441 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4442 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4443 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4444 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4445 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4446 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4447 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4448 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4449 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4453 =item Co-existence with stdio
4455 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4456 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4458 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4460 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4461 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4462 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4463 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4465 =item Other Functions
4467 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4468 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4474 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4480 =item To do during 5.6.x
4484 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4486 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4488 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4490 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4492 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4496 =item use Thread for iThreads
4498 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4500 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4502 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4504 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4506 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4508 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4510 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4512 =item Complete signal handling
4514 =item Out-of-source builds
4516 =item POSIX realtime support
4518 =item UNIX98 support
4522 =item Long double conversion
4526 =item Thread-safe regexes
4528 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4530 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4532 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4534 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4536 =item Custom opcodes
4538 =item DLL Versioning
4540 =item Introduce @( and @)
4542 =item Floating point handling
4544 =item IV/UV preservation
4546 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4548 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4550 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4552 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4554 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4556 =item Document Win32 choices
4558 =item Check new modules
4560 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4564 =item To do at some point
4568 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4570 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4572 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4574 =item bitfields in pack
4576 =item Cross compilation
4578 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4580 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4582 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4584 =item -i rename file when changed
4586 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4588 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4590 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4592 =item my sub foo { }
4594 =item One-pass global destruction
4596 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4598 =item Cache recently used regexps
4600 =item Re-entrant functions
4602 =item Cross-compilation support
4604 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4606 =item debugger pragma
4608 =item use less pragma
4610 =item switch structures
4612 =item Cache eval tree
4616 =item Shrink opcode tables
4618 =item Optimize away @_
4620 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4624 =item Prototype method calls
4626 =item Return context prototype declarations
4630 =item Garbage collection
4634 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4636 =item Rewrite perldoc
4638 =item Install .3p manpages
4640 =item Unicode tutorial
4642 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4644 =item Retargetable installation
4646 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4648 =item Rename Win32 headers
4650 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4652 =item Update sprintf documentation
4654 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4656 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4664 =item ref() in list context
4666 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4668 =item Compile to real threaded code
4670 =item Structured types
4672 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4674 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4678 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4680 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4684 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4686 =item Constant function cache
4688 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4696 =item Update guts documentation
4698 =item Add more tests
4700 =item Update auxiliary tools
4704 =item Recently done things
4708 =item Safe signal handling
4714 =item setitimer and getimiter
4716 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4718 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4720 =item Explicit switch statements
4728 =item perlcc to produce executable
4730 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4732 =item Secure temporary file module
4734 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4736 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4738 =item Mmap for input
4740 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4742 =item Add sockatmark support
4744 =item Mailing list archives
4748 =item Integrate MacPerl
4750 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4752 =item Regular expression tutorial
4754 =item Debugging Tutorial
4756 =item Integrate new modules
4758 =item Integrate profiler
4760 =item Y2K error detection
4762 =item Regular expression debugger
4766 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4768 =item Cache precompiled modules
4772 =item Deprecated Wishes
4776 =item Loop control on do{}
4778 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4784 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4786 =item Named prototypes
4788 =item Built-in globbing
4790 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4792 =item Cached hash values
4794 =item Add compression modules
4796 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4798 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4800 =item Make XS easier to use
4802 =item Make embedding easier to use
4806 =item my $Package::variable
4808 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4810 =item "class"-based lexicals
4814 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4816 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4818 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4820 =item Create debugging macros
4826 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4832 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4833 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4834 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4835 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4836 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4837 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4838 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4842 =item Keeping in sync
4844 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4845 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4847 =item Why rsync the source tree
4849 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4851 =item Why rsync the patches
4853 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4854 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4856 =item Perlbug remote interface
4858 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
4859 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
4861 =item Submitting patches
4863 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4864 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4866 =item Finding Your Way Around
4868 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4870 =item Elements of the interpreter
4872 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4874 =item Internal Variable Types
4880 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4882 =item Millions of Macros
4884 =item Poking at Perl
4886 =item Using a source-level debugger
4888 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4889 finish, 'enter', print
4891 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4895 =item Patching a core module
4897 =item Adding a new function to the core
4899 =item Writing a test
4901 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4902 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
4906 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4910 =item Rational Software's Purify
4912 =item Purify on Unix
4914 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4918 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4920 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4922 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4926 =item Gprof Profiling
4928 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4930 =item GCC gcov Profiling
4932 =item Pixie Profiling
4934 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4939 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4947 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4955 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4967 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4969 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4973 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4977 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
4983 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
4985 =item Incompatible Changes
4989 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4991 =item AIX Dynaloading
4993 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
4995 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
4997 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
4999 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5001 =item Perl Parser Stress Tested
5003 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5009 =item Core Enhancements
5013 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5015 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5017 =item Unicode Overhaul
5019 =item Understanding of Numbers
5021 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5025 =item Modules and Pragmata
5029 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5031 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5035 =item Utility Changes
5037 =item New Documentation
5039 =item Performance Enhancements
5041 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5045 =item Generic Improvements
5047 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5051 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5055 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5059 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5061 =item Changed Internals
5063 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5067 =item Known Problems
5073 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5075 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5077 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5079 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5081 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5083 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5089 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5091 =item Failure of Thread tests
5099 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5101 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5103 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5105 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5107 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5109 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5111 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5115 =item Reporting Bugs
5123 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5129 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5131 =item Incompatible Changes
5135 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5137 =item AIX Dynaloading
5139 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5141 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5147 =item Core Enhancements
5149 =item Modules and Pragmata
5153 =item New Modules and Distributions
5155 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5159 =item Utility Changes
5161 =item New Documentation
5163 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5167 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5169 =item Generic Improvements
5173 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5177 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5181 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5183 =item Source Code Enhancements
5187 =item MAGIC constants
5189 =item Better commented code
5191 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5199 =item Known Problems
5205 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5207 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5209 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5211 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5213 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5215 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5219 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5221 =item Failure of Thread tests
5231 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5233 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5235 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5237 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5239 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5241 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5245 =item Reporting Bugs
5253 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5259 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5261 =item Incompatible Changes
5263 =item Core Enhancements
5267 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5269 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5271 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5275 =item Modules and Pragmata
5281 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5285 =item Performance Enhancements
5287 =item Utility Changes
5289 =item New Documentation
5305 =item README.solaris
5309 =item Porting/repository.pod
5313 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5317 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5319 =item Generic Improvements
5321 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5322 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5323 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5327 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5331 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5335 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5337 =item Changed Internals
5341 =item Known Problems
5345 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5347 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5349 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5351 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5355 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5357 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5359 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5361 =item Failure of Thread tests
5363 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5365 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5367 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5369 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5373 =item Reporting Bugs
5381 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5387 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5389 =item Incompatible Changes
5391 =item Core Enhancements
5393 =item Modules and Pragmata
5399 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5403 =item Utility Changes
5405 =item New Documentation
5407 =item Performance Enhancements
5409 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5413 =item Generic Improvements
5417 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5421 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5425 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5427 =item Changed Internals
5429 =item Known Problems
5433 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5435 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5437 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5439 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5441 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5443 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5445 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5447 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5449 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5451 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5455 =item Reporting Bugs
5463 =head2 perl561delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5469 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5473 =item Security Issues
5475 =item Core bug fixes
5477 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5478 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5479 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5480 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5481 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5482 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5487 =item Configuration issues
5491 =item Bundled modules
5493 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5494 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5495 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5496 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5498 =item Platform-specific improvements
5500 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5502 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5504 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5506 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5508 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5510 =item "our" declarations
5512 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5514 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5516 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5518 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5520 =item open() with more than two arguments
5522 =item 64-bit support
5524 =item Large file support
5530 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5532 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5534 =item File globbing implemented internally
5536 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5538 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5540 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5542 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5544 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5546 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5548 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5550 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5552 =item Comments in pack() templates
5554 =item Weak references
5556 =item Binary numbers supported
5558 =item Lvalue subroutines
5560 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5562 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5564 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5566 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5568 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5570 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5572 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5574 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5576 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5578 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5580 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5582 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5584 =item Improved diagnostics
5586 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5588 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5590 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5592 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5594 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5596 =item Improved security features
5598 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5600 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5602 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5604 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5606 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5608 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5610 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5614 =item Modules and Pragmata
5620 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5621 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5622 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5623 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5624 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5625 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5626 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5627 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5633 =item Utility Changes
5647 =item The Perl Debugger
5651 =item Improved Documentation
5653 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5654 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5655 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5656 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5658 =item Performance enhancements
5662 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5664 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5666 =item Faster subroutine calls
5668 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5672 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5676 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5678 =item New Configure flags
5680 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5686 =item -Duselargefiles
5688 =item installusrbinperl
5694 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5696 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
5700 =item Platform specific changes
5704 =item Supported platforms
5708 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5716 =item Significant bug fixes
5720 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5722 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5724 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5726 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5728 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5730 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5732 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5734 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5736 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5738 =item Locale bugs fixed
5742 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5744 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5746 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5748 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5752 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5754 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5755 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5756 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5757 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5758 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5759 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5760 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5761 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5762 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5763 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5764 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5765 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5766 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5767 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5768 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5769 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5770 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5771 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5772 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5773 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5774 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5775 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5776 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5777 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5778 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5779 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5780 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5781 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5782 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5783 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5784 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5785 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5786 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5787 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5788 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5789 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5790 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5791 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5792 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5793 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5794 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5795 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5796 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5797 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5798 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5799 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5800 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5801 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5802 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5803 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5807 =item Incompatible Changes
5811 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5813 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5814 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5815 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5816 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5817 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5818 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5819 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5820 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5821 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5822 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5823 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5825 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5827 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5829 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5831 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5833 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5837 =item Known Problems
5841 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
5843 =item Known test failures
5845 64-bit builds, Failure of Thread tests, NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure,
5846 Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc
5848 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
5850 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5852 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5854 =item Experimental features
5856 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5857 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5858 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5862 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5864 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5865 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5866 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5867 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5869 =item Reporting Bugs
5877 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
5883 =item Core Enhancements
5887 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5889 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5891 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5893 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5895 =item "our" declarations
5897 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5899 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5901 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5903 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5905 =item open() with more than two arguments
5907 =item 64-bit support
5909 =item Large file support
5915 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5917 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5919 =item File globbing implemented internally
5921 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5923 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5925 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5927 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5929 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5931 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5933 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5935 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5937 =item Comments in pack() templates
5939 =item Weak references
5941 =item Binary numbers supported
5943 =item Lvalue subroutines
5945 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5947 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5949 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5951 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5953 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5955 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5957 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5959 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5961 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5963 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5965 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5967 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5969 =item Improved diagnostics
5971 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5973 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5975 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5977 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5979 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5981 =item Improved security features
5983 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5985 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5987 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5989 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5991 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5993 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5995 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5999 =item Modules and Pragmata
6005 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6006 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6007 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6008 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6009 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6010 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6011 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6012 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6018 =item Utility Changes
6032 =item The Perl Debugger
6036 =item Improved Documentation
6038 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6039 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6040 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6041 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6043 =item Performance enhancements
6047 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6049 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6051 =item Faster subroutine calls
6053 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6057 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6061 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6063 =item New Configure flags
6065 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6071 =item -Duselargefiles
6073 =item installusrbinperl
6079 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6083 =item Platform specific changes
6087 =item Supported platforms
6091 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6099 =item Significant bug fixes
6103 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6105 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6107 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6109 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6111 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6113 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6115 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6117 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6119 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6121 =item Locale bugs fixed
6125 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6127 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6129 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6131 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6135 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6137 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6138 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6139 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6140 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6141 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6142 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6143 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6144 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6145 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6146 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6147 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6148 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6149 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6150 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6151 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6152 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6153 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6154 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6155 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6156 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6157 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6158 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6159 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6160 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6161 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6162 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6163 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6164 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6165 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6166 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6167 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6168 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6169 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6170 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6171 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6172 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6173 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6174 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6175 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6176 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6177 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6178 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6179 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6180 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6181 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6182 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6183 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6184 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6185 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6186 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6190 =item Incompatible Changes
6194 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6196 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6197 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6198 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6199 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6200 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6201 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6202 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6203 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6204 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6205 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6206 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6208 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6210 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6212 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6214 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6216 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6220 =item Known Problems
6224 =item Thread test failures
6226 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6228 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6230 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6232 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6235 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6237 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6239 =item Experimental features
6241 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6242 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6243 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6247 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6249 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6250 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6251 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6252 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6254 =item Reporting Bugs
6262 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
6268 =item About the new versioning system
6270 =item Incompatible Changes
6274 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6276 =item Default installation structure has changed
6278 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6280 =item C Source Compatibility
6282 =item Binary Compatibility
6284 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6286 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6300 =item Regular Expressions
6302 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6303 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6304 improvements, Incompatible changes
6306 =item Improved malloc()
6308 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6310 =item Reliable signals
6312 =item Reliable stack pointers
6314 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6318 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6320 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6322 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6324 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6326 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6328 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6330 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6332 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6334 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6336 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6338 =item Better locale support
6340 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6342 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6344 =item Extended support for exception handling
6346 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6348 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6350 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6352 =item New C<lock> keyword
6354 =item New C<qr//> operator
6356 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6358 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6360 =item Tied handles support is better
6362 =item 4th argument to substr
6364 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6366 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6368 =item <> now reads in records
6372 =item Supported Platforms
6378 =item Changes in existing support
6382 =item Modules and Pragmata
6388 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6389 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6390 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6392 =item Changes in existing modules
6394 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6395 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6399 =item Utility Changes
6401 =item Documentation Changes
6403 =item New Diagnostics
6405 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6406 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6407 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6408 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6409 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6410 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6411 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6412 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6413 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6414 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6415 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6416 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6417 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6418 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6419 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6420 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6421 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6423 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6425 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6426 temporary file, regexp too big
6428 =item Configuration Changes
6438 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
6444 =item Supported Environments
6450 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6452 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6454 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6456 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6458 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6460 =item More precise warnings
6462 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6464 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6466 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6468 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6470 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6472 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6474 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6476 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6478 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6480 =item Changes to tainting checks
6482 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6483 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6485 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6487 =item Embedding improvements
6489 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6491 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6493 =item New and changed syntax
6497 =item New and changed builtin constants
6501 =item New and changed builtin variables
6505 =item New and changed builtin functions
6507 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6508 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6509 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6510 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6511 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6513 =item New builtin methods
6515 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6517 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6519 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6520 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6522 =item Malloc enhancements
6524 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6526 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6530 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6546 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6547 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6553 =item Required Updates
6555 =item Installation directories
6557 =item Module information summary
6571 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6575 =item Utility Changes
6581 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6585 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6589 =item C Language API Changes
6591 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6594 =item Documentation Changes
6596 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6597 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6599 =item New Diagnostics
6601 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6602 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6603 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6604 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6605 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6606 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6607 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6608 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6609 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6610 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6611 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6612 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6613 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6614 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6615 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6616 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6617 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6618 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6619 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6620 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6621 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6622 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6623 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6624 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6625 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6635 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6643 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6647 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6649 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6651 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6653 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6659 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6669 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6679 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
6693 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
6695 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
6697 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
6699 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
6705 =item Accessing documentation
6709 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
6711 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
6713 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
6715 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
6719 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
6723 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
6725 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
6727 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
6729 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
6731 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
6741 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
6749 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
6751 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
6755 =item Contact Information
6761 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
6771 =item gzip on BS2000
6773 =item bison on BS2000
6775 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
6777 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
6779 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
6781 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
6783 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
6785 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
6787 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
6821 =item Acknowledgements
6827 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
6833 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
6837 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
6839 =item Cygwin Configuration
6841 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
6845 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
6849 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
6851 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
6853 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
6854 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
6856 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
6858 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
6859 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
6861 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
6863 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
6867 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
6871 =item Warnings on Cygwin
6877 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
6881 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
6883 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
6885 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
6887 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
6889 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
6891 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
6893 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
6897 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
6899 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
6901 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
6902 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
6904 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
6912 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
6924 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
6928 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
6930 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
6932 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
6934 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
6944 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
6954 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
6958 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
6960 =item Building Perl on DOS
6962 =item Testing Perl on DOS
6964 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
6968 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
6972 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
6974 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
6976 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
6978 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
6988 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
6996 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
6998 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7000 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
7002 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
7006 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
7008 =item PATH Names on Epoc
7010 =item Editors on Epoc
7012 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7014 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7016 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7020 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7028 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7037 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7039 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7051 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7053 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7055 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7057 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7059 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7061 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7063 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7065 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7067 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7069 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7071 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7075 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7083 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7091 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7099 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7108 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7110 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7112 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7114 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7124 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7138 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7144 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7150 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7158 =item Binary distribution from HP
7160 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7162 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7164 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7166 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7168 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7170 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7171 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7173 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7177 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7179 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7181 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7183 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7185 =item Perl/iX Change History
7201 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
7213 =item Build new extensions
7217 =item Acknowledgements
7225 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7245 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7247 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7249 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7253 =item Frequently asked questions
7257 =item "It does not work"
7259 =item I cannot run external programs
7261 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7264 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7267 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7269 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7277 =item Automatic binary installation
7279 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7281 =item Manual binary installation
7283 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7284 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7285 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7286 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7287 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7293 =item Accessing documentation
7297 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7305 =item GNU C<info> files
7317 =item The short story
7321 =item Getting perl source
7323 =item Application of the patches
7331 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7334 =item Installing the built perl
7336 =item C<a.out>-style build
7344 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7346 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7348 =item Problems with tr or sed
7350 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7352 =item Library ... not found
7354 =item Segfault in make
7356 =item op/sprintf test failure
7360 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7364 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7368 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7370 =item Additional modules:
7372 =item Prebuilt methods:
7374 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7375 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7376 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7377 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7378 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7379 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7380 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7381 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7382 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7383 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7384 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
7386 =item Prebuilt variables:
7388 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
7394 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7397 =item Identifying DLLs
7399 =item Centralized management of resources
7415 =item F<perl___.exe>
7417 =item Why strange names?
7419 =item Why dynamic linking?
7421 =item Why chimera build?
7429 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7431 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7433 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7435 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7437 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7439 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7449 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7451 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7453 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7456 =item DLL forwarder generation
7460 =item Calls to external programs
7462 =item Memory allocation
7466 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7482 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7495 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7497 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7499 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7501 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7503 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7505 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7507 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7509 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7511 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7513 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7523 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7531 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7539 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7541 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7543 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7545 =item QNX auxiliary files
7549 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7557 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7567 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7569 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7571 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7573 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7577 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7581 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7593 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7601 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7607 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7613 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7615 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7617 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7621 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7625 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7627 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7629 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7633 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7635 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7636 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7637 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7643 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7645 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7649 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
7651 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
7655 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
7659 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
7661 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
7665 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
7667 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
7669 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
7679 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
7680 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
7688 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
7690 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
7692 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
7694 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
7696 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
7698 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
7702 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
7708 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
7716 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
7718 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
7724 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
7734 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
7736 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
7738 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
7740 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
7742 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
7752 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
7758 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
7766 =item Organization of Perl Images
7772 =item Perl Extensions
7774 =item Installing static extensions
7776 =item Installing dynamic extensions
7780 =item File specifications
7786 =item Wildcard expansion
7792 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
7798 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
7800 =item Command line switches
7806 =item Perl functions
7808 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
7809 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
7810 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
7811 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
7813 =item Perl variables
7815 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
7817 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
7831 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
7839 =item Stratus POSIX Support
7843 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
7847 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
7849 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
7853 =item USING PERL IN VOS
7857 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
7859 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
7863 =item SUPPORT STATUS
7871 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
7881 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
7883 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
7887 =item Testing Perl on Win32
7889 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
7891 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
7893 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
7894 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
7895 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
7899 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
7903 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
7904 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
7905 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
7913 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
7915 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7927 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7937 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
7938 data structures between threads
7950 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
7951 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
7961 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
7970 $thread = new(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
7971 threads->self, $thread->tid
7975 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
7978 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
7982 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
7983 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
7989 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
7999 =item Built-in Attributes
8001 locked, method, lvalue
8003 =item Available Subroutines
8007 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8009 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8011 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8019 =item Default exports
8021 =item Available exports
8023 =item Export tags defined
8033 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8045 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8061 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8075 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8089 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8102 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8111 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8113 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8115 =item charnames::vianame(code)
8121 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8133 =item List constants
8135 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8137 =item Magic constants
8141 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8151 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8162 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8164 =item The I<splain> Program
8178 =head2 encoding - pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into
8187 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8193 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8207 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8217 =item subpragma access
8223 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8234 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8244 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8254 =item Adding directories to @INC
8256 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8258 =item Restoring original @INC
8268 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8279 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
8287 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8289 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8295 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8307 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8317 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8319 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8321 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8323 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8325 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8327 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8329 =item Overloadable Operations
8331 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8332 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8333 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8335 =item Inheritance and overloading
8337 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8338 is inherited by derived classes
8342 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8350 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8352 =item Copy Constructor
8358 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8360 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8361 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8362 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8365 =item Losing overloading
8367 =item Run-time Overloading
8369 =item Public functions
8371 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8373 =item Overloading constants
8375 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8377 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8379 =item Metaphor clash
8385 =item Two-face scalars
8387 =item Two-face references
8389 =item Symbolic calculator
8391 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8399 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8400 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8406 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8416 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8428 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8430 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8434 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8438 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8446 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8456 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8464 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
8468 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
8478 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
8489 =item Utility functions
8491 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
8492 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
8500 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
8510 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
8518 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
8522 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
8530 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
8531 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
8532 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
8533 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
8534 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
8538 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
8548 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
8550 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
8560 =item DBM Comparisons
8570 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
8580 =item Subroutine Stubs
8582 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8584 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8586 =item Package Lexicals
8588 =item Not Using AutoLoader
8590 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
8600 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
8608 $keep, $check, $modtime
8612 =item Multiple packages
8620 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
8628 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
8632 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
8640 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
8654 =item B::PVMG METHODS
8658 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
8660 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
8662 =item B::PVLV METHODS
8664 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
8668 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
8672 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
8673 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
8677 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
8678 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
8682 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
8686 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
8691 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
8693 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
8697 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
8699 =item B::UNOP METHOD
8703 =item B::BINOP METHOD
8707 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
8711 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
8715 =item B::PMOP METHODS
8717 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
8719 =item B::SVOP METHOD
8723 =item B::PADOP METHOD
8727 =item B::PVOP METHOD
8731 =item B::LOOP METHODS
8733 redoop, nextop, lastop
8735 =item B::COP METHODS
8737 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
8741 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
8743 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
8744 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
8745 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
8746 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
8753 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
8766 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
8778 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8790 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8800 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8801 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8802 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8812 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
8822 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
8823 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
8833 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
8843 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
8844 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
8845 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
8857 =item Context of ".."
8861 =item Deprecated features
8869 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
8879 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
8880 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
8881 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
8883 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
8885 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
8886 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
8887 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
8888 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
8889 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
8890 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
8891 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
8892 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
8898 =item OP flags abbreviations
8900 =item OP class abbreviations
8904 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
8910 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
8922 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
8932 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
8933 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
8935 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
8945 =item ambient_pragmas
8947 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
8959 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
8971 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
8979 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
8981 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
8982 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
8984 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
8994 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9004 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9010 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9022 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9034 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9036 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9048 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9058 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
9066 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9078 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9092 =item Standard Exports
9094 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9095 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9096 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9098 =item Optional Exports
9100 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9101 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9102 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9118 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9122 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9136 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9146 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9147 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9148 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9158 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9170 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9172 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9174 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9176 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9178 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9180 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9182 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9184 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9186 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9188 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9190 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9192 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9194 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9196 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9198 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9200 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9202 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9204 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9205 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9209 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9210 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9213 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9215 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9216 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9221 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9225 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9227 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9229 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9231 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9233 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9235 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9237 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9239 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9240 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9242 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9246 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9250 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9252 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9254 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9256 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9258 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9260 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9261 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9263 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9267 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9271 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9273 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9275 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9277 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9281 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9283 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9285 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9289 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9291 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9295 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9299 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9303 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9307 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
9311 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
9313 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
9315 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
9319 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
9321 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
9322 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
9324 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
9330 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
9331 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
9333 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
9335 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
9336 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
9339 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
9345 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
9349 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
9351 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
9352 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
9353 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
9354 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
9355 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
9356 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
9358 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
9360 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
9365 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
9367 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
9369 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
9370 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
9372 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
9374 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9378 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
9379 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
9380 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
9381 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
9382 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
9383 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
9384 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
9385 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
9386 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
9387 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
9388 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
9389 ...and many many more..
9391 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
9399 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
9409 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9417 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
9426 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
9428 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
9432 =item Changing the default message
9436 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
9446 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
9454 =item USING CGI::Cookie
9456 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
9460 =item Creating New Cookies
9462 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
9464 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
9466 =item Manipulating Cookies
9468 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
9472 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9480 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
9488 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
9490 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
9492 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
9494 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
9496 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
9498 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
9502 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9510 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
9520 =item Tags that won't be formatted
9522 =item Customizing the Indenting
9534 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
9542 =item USING CGI::Push
9544 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
9548 =item Heterogeneous Pages
9550 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
9554 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
9556 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9564 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
9574 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9582 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
9590 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9596 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
9606 =item Interactive Mode
9608 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
9609 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
9610 distribution, ls author, Signals
9618 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
9620 =item Programmer's interface
9622 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
9624 =item Methods in the other Classes
9626 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
9627 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
9628 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
9629 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
9630 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
9631 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
9632 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
9633 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
9634 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
9635 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
9636 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
9637 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
9638 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
9639 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
9640 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
9641 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
9642 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
9643 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
9644 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
9645 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
9646 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
9647 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
9648 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
9649 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
9650 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
9651 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
9659 =item Finding packages and VERSION
9663 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
9669 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
9670 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
9671 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
9672 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
9676 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
9678 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
9686 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
9688 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
9692 =item Three basic types of firewalls
9694 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
9696 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
9702 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
9714 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
9724 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
9737 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
9747 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
9755 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
9757 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
9767 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
9768 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
9769 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
9771 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
9779 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
9789 =item The C<struct()> function
9791 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
9793 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
9795 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
9796 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
9798 =item Initializing with C<new>
9804 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
9806 =item Author and Modification History
9810 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
9818 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
9830 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
9834 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
9835 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
9836 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
9841 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
9842 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
9846 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
9847 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
9848 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
9849 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
9850 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
9851 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
9855 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
9856 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
9857 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
9858 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
9859 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
9860 C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>,
9861 C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
9862 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
9863 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
9864 C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>,
9865 C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
9866 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
9867 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
9868 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
9869 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
9870 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
9871 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
9872 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
9873 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
9874 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
9875 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
9876 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
9877 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
9878 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
9879 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
9880 C<d_htonl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
9881 C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>,
9882 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
9883 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
9884 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
9885 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
9886 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
9887 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
9888 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
9889 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
9890 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
9891 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
9892 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
9893 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
9894 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
9895 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
9896 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
9897 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
9898 C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>,
9899 C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>,
9900 C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>,
9901 C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
9902 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
9903 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
9904 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
9905 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
9906 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>,
9907 C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
9908 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>,
9909 C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>,
9910 C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
9911 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
9912 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
9913 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
9914 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
9915 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
9916 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
9917 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
9918 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
9919 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
9920 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>,
9921 C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>,
9922 C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
9923 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
9924 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
9925 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
9926 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
9927 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
9928 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
9929 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
9930 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
9931 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
9932 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
9936 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
9937 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
9941 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
9942 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
9947 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
9948 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
9952 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
9956 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
9957 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
9958 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>,
9959 C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
9960 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
9961 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
9962 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
9963 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
9964 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
9965 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
9966 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
9967 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
9968 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
9969 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
9970 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
9971 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
9972 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
9973 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
9974 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
9975 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
9976 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
9977 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
9978 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
9979 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
9983 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
9987 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
9988 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
9989 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
9990 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
9991 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
9992 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
9996 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
9997 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
9998 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10002 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10003 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10007 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10008 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10009 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
10010 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10014 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10015 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10019 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10020 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10024 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10025 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10026 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10027 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10031 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10035 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
10036 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10040 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10041 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
10042 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
10043 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
10044 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
10045 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10046 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10047 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10048 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10049 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10050 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
10051 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
10052 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
10053 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10057 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10058 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
10062 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10063 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10064 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10065 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10066 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10067 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10068 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10069 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10070 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10074 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10075 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10076 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10077 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10081 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10085 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10097 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10107 =item getcwd and friends
10109 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10111 =item abs_path and friends
10113 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10125 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10137 =item Global Variables
10139 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10140 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10145 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10146 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10148 =item Client Callback Methods
10150 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10151 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10152 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10162 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10170 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10174 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10176 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10178 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10180 =item Default Parameters
10182 =item In Memory Databases
10190 =item A Simple Example
10198 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10200 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10202 =item The get_dup() Method
10204 =item The find_dup() Method
10206 =item The del_dup() Method
10208 =item Matching Partial Keys
10216 =item The 'bval' Option
10218 =item A Simple Example
10220 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10222 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10223 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10224 length, elements);>
10226 =item Another Example
10230 =item THE API INTERFACE
10232 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10233 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10234 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10235 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10239 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10240 B<filter_fetch_value>
10246 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10248 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10252 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10256 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10258 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10260 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10262 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10264 =item The untie() Gotcha
10268 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10272 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10274 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
10276 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
10278 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
10298 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
10299 printing and C<eval>
10311 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
10312 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
10313 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
10320 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
10322 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10323 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10324 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10325 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10326 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10327 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10328 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10329 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10330 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10331 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10332 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10333 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10334 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10335 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10336 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
10356 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
10364 =item PROFILE FORMAT
10376 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
10398 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
10408 =item Runtime debugging
10410 =item Memory footprint debugging
10418 =item A simple scalar string
10420 =item A simple scalar number
10422 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
10424 =item A reference to a simple scalar
10426 =item A reference to an array
10428 =item A reference to a hash
10430 =item Dumping a large array or hash
10432 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
10434 =item A reference to a subroutine
10448 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
10458 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
10466 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
10470 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
10471 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
10472 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
10480 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
10490 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
10494 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
10495 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
10507 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
10519 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
10531 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
10532 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
10533 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
10538 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
10539 veryCompact, set, get
10545 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
10553 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
10554 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
10555 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
10556 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
10563 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
10576 =head2 Encode - character encodings
10594 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
10596 =item Types of Encodings
10598 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
10599 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
10601 =item Specifying Encodings
10603 1. By name, 2. As an object
10605 =item Encoding Names
10607 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFCs, The name in the IANA registry, The
10608 name used by the organization that defined it
10612 =item PERL ENCODING API
10616 =item Generic Encoding Interface
10618 =item Handling Malformed Data
10620 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
10624 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
10626 =item Listing available encodings
10628 =item Defining Aliases
10630 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
10633 =item Defining Encodings
10637 =item Encoding and IO
10639 =item Encoding How to ...
10641 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
10642 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
10644 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
10646 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
10648 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
10650 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
10651 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
10655 =item Compiled Encodings
10657 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
10658 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
10666 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
10667 of the Encode extension
10673 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10681 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
10683 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
10689 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10697 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
10710 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
10725 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
10741 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
10751 =item How to Export
10753 =item Selecting What To Export
10755 =item Specialised Import Lists
10757 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
10759 =item Module Version Checking
10761 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
10763 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
10765 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
10771 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
10781 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
10802 mv source... destination
10804 cp source... destination
10822 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
10832 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
10842 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
10844 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
10848 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
10856 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
10859 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10861 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
10863 WriteMakefileSnippet
10865 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
10866 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10874 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
10886 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
10887 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
10897 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
10907 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
10919 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
10920 packlist(), version()
10928 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
10936 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
10942 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
10952 =item VMS implementation
10954 =item Win32 implementation
10962 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10963 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10971 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
10975 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10976 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11002 test_via_harness (o)
11004 tool_autosplit (override)
11022 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11023 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11037 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11049 =item Preloaded methods
11069 =item SelfLoaded methods
11115 file_name_is_absolute
11121 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
11161 maybe_command_in_dirs
11189 post_initialize (o)
11201 replace_manpage_separator
11215 test_via_harness (o)
11217 test_via_script (o)
11247 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11248 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11258 =item Methods always loaded
11270 =item SelfLoaded methods
11272 guess_name (override)
11276 find_perl (override)
11280 maybe_command (override)
11282 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
11284 perl_script (override)
11286 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11288 replace_manpage_separator
11290 init_others (override)
11292 constants (override)
11296 const_cccmd (override)
11298 pm_to_blib (override)
11300 tool_autosplit (override)
11302 tool_sxubpp (override)
11304 xsubpp_version (override)
11306 tools_other (override)
11316 top_targets (override)
11320 dynamic_lib (override)
11322 dynamic_bs (override)
11324 static_lib (override)
11326 manifypods (override)
11328 processPL (override)
11330 installbin (override)
11332 subdir_x (override)
11336 realclean (override)
11338 dist_basics (override)
11340 dist_core (override)
11342 dist_dir (override)
11344 dist_test (override)
11348 perldepend (override)
11350 makefile (override)
11354 test_via_harness (override)
11356 test_via_script (override)
11358 makeaperl (override)
11360 nicetext (override)
11362 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11363 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11389 test_via_harness (o)
11391 tool_autosplit (override)
11409 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
11419 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
11421 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
11429 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
11433 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
11435 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
11437 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
11439 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
11441 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
11442 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
11443 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
11444 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
11445 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
11446 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
11447 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
11448 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
11449 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
11450 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
11451 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
11452 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
11453 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
11454 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT,
11455 PRINT_PREREQ, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
11456 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
11458 =item Additional lowercase attributes
11460 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
11463 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
11465 =item Hintsfile support
11467 =item Distribution Support
11469 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
11470 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
11471 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
11473 =item Disabling an extension
11479 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
11487 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
11495 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
11499 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
11503 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
11504 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
11508 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
11516 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
11528 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
11538 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
11547 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
11555 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
11567 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
11575 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
11585 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
11597 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
11607 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
11611 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
11619 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
11623 C<basename>, C<dirname>
11627 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
11637 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
11651 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
11661 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
11663 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
11675 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
11685 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
11697 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
11705 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
11706 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
11707 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
11713 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
11721 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
11729 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
11730 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
11731 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
11735 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
11743 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
11755 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
11765 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
11766 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
11767 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
11775 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
11809 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
11827 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
11855 file_name_is_absolute
11877 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
11887 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
11920 file_name_is_absolute
11942 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
11958 =item Methods always loaded
11960 canonpath (override)
11978 case_tolerant (override)
11982 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11984 splitpath (override)
11986 splitdir (override)
12000 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
12030 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
12054 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
12068 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
12078 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
12086 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
12094 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
12096 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
12108 =item Temporary files and NFS
12120 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
12134 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
12146 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
12154 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
12160 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
12174 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
12176 =item All-in-one interface
12178 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
12180 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
12183 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
12185 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
12186 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
12187 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
12189 described in the previous section.
12191 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
12193 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
12205 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
12215 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
12219 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
12221 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
12229 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
12231 =item Example 2: Using the context
12233 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
12235 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
12239 =item Filter::Simple
12247 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
12255 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
12267 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
12283 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
12291 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
12293 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
12297 =item Simple options
12299 =item A little bit less simple options
12301 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
12303 =item Options with values
12305 =item Options with multiple values
12307 =item Options with hash values
12309 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
12311 =item Options with multiple names
12313 =item Case and abbreviations
12315 =item Summary of Option Specifications
12317 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
12321 =item Advanced Possibilities
12325 =item Object oriented interface
12327 =item Documentation and help texts
12329 =item Storing options in a hash
12333 =item The lonesome dash
12335 =item Argument callback
12339 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
12341 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
12342 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
12343 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
12344 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
12345 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
12347 =item Return values and Errors
12353 =item Default destinations
12355 =item Alternative option starters
12357 =item Configuration variables
12361 =item Trouble Shooting
12365 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
12367 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
12370 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
12372 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
12378 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12382 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
12393 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
12404 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
12415 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
12417 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
12419 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12421 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12423 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
12425 the function super_languages($lang1)
12427 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
12429 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
12431 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
12433 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
12437 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
12439 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
12449 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
12457 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
12459 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
12461 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
12462 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
12463 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
12464 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
12465 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
12466 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
12467 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
12468 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
12469 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
12470 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
12471 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
12472 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
12473 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
12474 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
12475 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
12476 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
12477 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
12478 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
12479 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
12480 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
12481 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
12482 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
12483 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
12484 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
12485 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
12486 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
12487 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
12488 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
12489 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
12490 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
12491 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
12492 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
12493 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
12494 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
12495 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
12496 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
12497 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
12498 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
12499 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
12500 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
12501 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
12502 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
12503 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
12504 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
12505 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
12506 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
12507 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
12508 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
12509 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
12510 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
12511 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
12512 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
12513 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
12514 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
12515 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
12516 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
12517 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
12518 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
12519 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
12520 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
12521 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
12522 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
12523 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
12524 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
12525 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
12526 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
12527 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
12528 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
12529 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
12530 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
12531 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
12532 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
12533 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
12534 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
12535 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
12536 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
12537 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
12538 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
12539 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
12540 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
12541 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
12542 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
12543 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
12544 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
12545 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
12546 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
12547 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
12548 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
12549 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
12550 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
12551 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
12552 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
12553 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
12554 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
12555 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
12556 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
12557 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
12558 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
12559 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
12560 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
12561 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
12562 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
12563 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
12564 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
12565 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
12566 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
12567 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
12568 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
12569 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
12570 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
12571 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
12572 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
12573 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
12574 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
12575 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
12576 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
12577 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
12578 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
12579 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
12583 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12589 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
12607 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
12611 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
12621 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
12629 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
12630 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12640 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12650 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12654 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12662 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
12672 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12676 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12677 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12678 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12679 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12691 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12701 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12705 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12715 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12725 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12726 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12736 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
12744 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12745 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
12754 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
12764 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
12768 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
12769 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
12770 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
12780 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
12794 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
12795 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
12805 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
12821 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
12834 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
12848 hostpath(), peerpath()
12858 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
12867 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
12868 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12878 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12888 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12892 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12900 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
12911 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12915 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12916 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12917 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12918 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12930 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12940 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12944 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12954 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12964 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12965 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12975 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
12984 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12985 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
12994 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
13005 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
13009 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
13010 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
13011 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
13021 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
13036 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
13037 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
13047 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
13048 AF_INET domain sockets
13064 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
13077 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
13078 AF_UNIX domain sockets
13092 hostpath(), peerpath()
13102 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13112 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13113 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13124 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
13138 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
13151 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
13161 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13162 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13163 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13174 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
13192 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13202 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13203 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13214 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
13225 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13226 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13227 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13238 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
13246 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
13247 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
13249 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
13255 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
13256 general-utility list subroutines
13264 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
13265 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
13267 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
13273 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
13274 general-utility scalar subroutines
13282 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
13283 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
13291 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
13299 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13303 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
13311 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
13323 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
13329 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13331 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
13332 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
13338 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13340 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
13346 =item CODE ALIASING
13356 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13360 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
13361 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
13362 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
13363 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
13371 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
13372 identification (ISO 4217)
13390 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13392 code2currency(), currency2code()
13398 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13400 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
13408 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13412 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
13420 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
13437 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13439 code2language(), language2code()
13445 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13447 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
13455 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13459 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
13460 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
13468 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
13476 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
13482 =item Construction Methods
13484 =item The "maketext" Method
13486 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
13488 =item Utility Methods
13490 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
13491 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
13492 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
13493 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
13495 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
13499 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
13501 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
13503 =item BRACKET NOTATION
13505 =item AUTO LEXICONS
13507 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
13509 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
13513 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13519 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
13527 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
13531 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
13533 =item The Linguistic View
13535 =item Breaking gettext
13537 =item Replacing gettext
13539 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
13541 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
13543 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
13545 =item Buzzword: Concision
13547 =item The Devil in the Details
13549 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
13557 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
13565 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
13569 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
13577 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
13578 of quoted-printable strings
13586 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
13592 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
13601 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
13607 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
13617 =item Canonical notation
13621 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
13623 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
13627 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
13628 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
13636 =item Autocreating constants
13642 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
13650 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
13658 Canonical notation, Input, Output
13660 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
13670 =item Rounding mode R
13672 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
13673 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
13674 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
13687 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
13695 =item Autocreating constants
13701 =item Alternative math libraries
13707 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
13711 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
13712 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
13723 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
13733 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
13737 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
13739 the same terms as Perl itself.
13747 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
13760 =item STRINGIFICATION
13764 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
13770 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
13772 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
13780 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
13788 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
13794 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
13796 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
13800 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
13802 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
13806 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
13808 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
13810 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
13811 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
13815 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
13821 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
13831 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
13849 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
13851 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
13855 =item OTHER FACILITIES
13861 =item C<flush_cache>
13867 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
13869 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
13877 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13883 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
13892 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
13903 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
13915 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13923 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13931 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
13940 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
13949 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
13966 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
13974 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
13982 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13988 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13992 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13996 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
14006 =item Enforcing redispatch
14008 =item Avoiding repetitions
14014 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
14020 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
14030 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
14033 =item CLASS METHODS
14035 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
14036 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
14037 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
14047 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
14057 requires_firewall HOST
14059 =item NetConfig VALUES
14061 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
14062 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
14063 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
14067 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
14076 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
14084 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
14096 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
14100 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
14101 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
14102 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
14103 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
14104 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
14105 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
14106 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
14107 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
14108 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
14109 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
14110 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
14111 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
14112 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
14116 =item Methods for the adventurous
14122 =item THE dataconn CLASS
14124 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
14125 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
14127 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
14129 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
14131 =item REPORTING BUGS
14139 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
14147 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
14157 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
14161 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
14162 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
14163 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
14164 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
14165 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
14170 =item Extension methods
14172 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
14173 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
14174 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
14175 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
14184 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
14194 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
14206 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
14210 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
14211 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
14212 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
14213 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
14225 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
14237 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
14238 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();,
14239 pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
14253 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
14265 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
14269 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
14270 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
14271 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
14272 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
14273 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
14274 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
14285 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
14293 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
14294 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
14302 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
14319 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
14327 =item Where to get this document
14329 =item How to contribute to this document
14333 =item Author and Copyright Information
14341 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
14345 =item What is libnet ?
14347 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
14349 =item What other modules do I need ?
14351 =item What machines support libnet ?
14353 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
14357 =item Using Net::FTP
14361 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
14363 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
14365 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
14367 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
14370 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
14372 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
14374 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
14376 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
14378 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
14380 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
14383 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
14385 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
14388 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
14391 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
14395 =item Using Net::SMTP
14399 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
14402 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
14404 =item The verify method always returns true ?
14408 =item Debugging scripts
14412 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
14416 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
14420 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
14437 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
14452 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
14469 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
14477 =item THE .netrc FILE
14479 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
14484 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
14488 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
14498 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
14508 =item IMPLEMENTATION
14514 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
14522 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14528 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14532 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14536 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
14548 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
14550 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
14551 or optag, an operator set (opset)
14553 =item Opcode Functions
14555 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
14556 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
14557 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
14560 =item Manipulating Opsets
14562 =item TO DO (maybe)
14568 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
14570 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
14571 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
14572 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
14581 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
14590 a new namespace, an operator mask
14596 =item RECENT CHANGES
14598 =item Methods in class Safe
14600 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14601 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14602 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14603 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14605 =item Some Safety Issues
14607 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14615 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
14628 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
14642 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
14643 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
14644 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
14645 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
14646 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
14647 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
14648 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
14649 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
14650 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
14651 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
14652 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
14653 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
14654 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
14655 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
14656 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
14657 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
14658 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
14659 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
14660 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
14661 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
14662 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
14663 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
14664 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
14665 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
14666 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
14673 =item POSIX::SigAction
14677 =item POSIX::SigSet
14679 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
14681 =item POSIX::Termios
14683 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
14684 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
14685 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
14686 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
14687 values, c_oflag field values
14691 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
14695 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
14699 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
14757 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
14766 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
14770 =item Defaults and how to override them
14780 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
14790 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
14798 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
14799 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
14800 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
14801 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
14802 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
14803 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
14804 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
14808 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
14814 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
14820 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
14826 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
14838 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
14839 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
14840 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
14841 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
14842 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
14843 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
14844 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
14845 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
14850 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
14851 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
14852 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
14853 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
14854 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
14855 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
14859 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
14860 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
14872 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
14874 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
14877 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
14879 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
14881 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
14883 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
14885 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
14893 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
14905 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
14907 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
14914 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
14920 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
14922 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
14929 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
14941 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
14951 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
14952 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
14967 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
14980 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
14981 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
14987 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
15011 =item B<was_cutting()>
15017 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
15023 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
15029 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15035 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
15041 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15047 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
15053 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
15059 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15065 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15071 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
15077 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
15083 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15089 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15095 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
15101 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
15107 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15113 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
15119 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
15125 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15131 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15137 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
15143 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
15149 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
15155 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
15161 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
15167 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15173 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
15179 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15185 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
15197 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
15209 =item OBJECT METHODS
15217 =item Data Accessors
15233 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
15235 B<StartWithNewPage>
15249 =item Subclassed methods
15263 B<interior_sequence>
15279 =item Methods for headings
15287 =item Internal methods
15293 B<_replace_special_chars>
15295 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
15301 B<_clean_latex_commands>
15303 B<_split_delimited>
15319 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
15327 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
15332 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
15333 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
15334 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
15345 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15349 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
15359 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15363 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
15377 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
15385 $list-E<gt>indent()
15393 $list-E<gt>parent()
15399 =item Pod::Hyperlink
15401 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
15405 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
15407 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
15411 $link-E<gt>warning()
15413 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
15419 $link-E<gt>alttext()
15429 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
15435 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
15439 =item Pod::Cache::Item
15441 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
15445 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
15447 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
15449 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
15451 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
15453 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
15455 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
15457 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
15467 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
15479 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15481 =item PARSING OPTIONS
15483 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
15484 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
15490 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15498 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15504 =item B<verbatim()>
15506 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15512 =item B<textblock()>
15514 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15520 =item B<interior_sequence()>
15526 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15538 =item B<initialize()>
15544 =item B<begin_pod()>
15550 =item B<begin_input()>
15556 =item B<end_input()>
15568 =item B<preprocess_line()>
15574 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
15580 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
15586 =item B<parse_text()>
15588 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
15589 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
15590 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
15596 =item B<interpolate()>
15602 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
15608 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
15614 =item B<parse_from_file()>
15620 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
15626 =item B<errorsub()>
15638 =item B<parseopts()>
15644 =item B<output_file()>
15650 =item B<output_handle()>
15656 =item B<input_file()>
15662 =item B<input_handle()>
15668 =item B<input_streams()>
15674 =item B<top_stream()>
15680 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15686 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
15692 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
15698 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
15706 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
15726 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
15739 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
15741 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
15747 =item OBJECT METHODS
15753 =item B<curr_headings()>
15765 =item B<add_selection()>
15771 =item B<clear_selections()>
15777 =item B<match_section()>
15783 =item B<is_selected()>
15789 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
15795 =item B<podselect()>
15797 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
15803 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15809 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
15815 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
15821 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
15833 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
15841 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
15845 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
15846 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph
15847 "%s", %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
15858 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15862 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
15876 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15880 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
15895 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15899 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
15900 text with format escapes
15914 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15918 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
15927 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
15936 =item Recommended Use
15944 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
15948 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
15955 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
15959 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
15963 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
15967 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
15973 =item OVER AND ITEMS
15975 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
15978 =item FORMATTING CODES
15980 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
15986 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
15994 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16000 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16004 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16008 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
16016 a new namespace, an operator mask
16022 =item RECENT CHANGES
16024 =item Methods in class Safe
16026 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16027 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16028 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16029 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16031 =item Some Safety Issues
16033 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16041 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
16049 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
16050 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
16058 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
16068 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
16078 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
16088 =item The __DATA__ token
16090 =item SelfLoader autoloading
16092 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
16094 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
16096 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
16098 =item Classes and inherited methods.
16102 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
16106 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
16116 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
16124 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
16125 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
16133 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
16134 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
16135 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
16136 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
16137 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
16141 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
16151 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
16155 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
16157 =item ERROR REPORTING
16165 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
16170 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
16171 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
16195 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
16209 =item Allowing fall-through
16211 =item Automating fall-through
16213 =item Alternative syntax
16215 =item Higher-order Operations
16231 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
16241 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
16253 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
16254 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
16262 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
16263 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
16274 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
16275 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
16283 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
16284 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
16295 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
16305 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
16306 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
16307 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
16311 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
16325 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
16341 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
16343 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16345 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16347 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
16355 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16363 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
16371 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
16381 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
16382 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
16390 =item Minimal set of supported functions
16392 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
16393 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
16395 =item Additional supported functions
16397 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
16407 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
16433 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
16437 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
16447 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
16467 =item Setting up tests
16483 =item Running tests
16489 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
16507 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
16519 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
16523 =item Test Status and Info
16531 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
16553 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
16563 =item The test script output
16565 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
16566 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
16567 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
16571 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
16596 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
16597 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
16598 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
16599 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
16603 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
16604 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
16619 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
16629 =item I love it when a plan comes together
16639 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
16667 =item Conditional tests
16677 =item Comparison functions
16693 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
16695 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family have some caveats, Test::Harness
16708 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
16732 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
16741 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
16749 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
16751 =item Where to start?
16755 =item Test the manual
16757 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
16759 =item Testing lots of values
16761 =item Informative names
16763 =item Skipping tests
16767 =item Testing with taint mode.
16779 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
16791 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
16801 =item General behaviour in list contexts
16805 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
16807 =item A note about prefixes
16809 =item C<extract_delimited>
16811 =item C<extract_bracketed>
16813 =item C<extract_tagged>
16815 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
16816 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
16818 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
16820 =item C<extract_quotelike>
16822 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
16824 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
16826 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
16828 =item C<extract_codeblock>
16830 =item C<extract_multiple>
16832 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
16838 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
16839 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
16840 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
16841 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
16842 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
16843 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
16844 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
16845 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
16846 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
16847 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
16848 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
16849 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
16854 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
16860 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
16875 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
16892 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
16907 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
16923 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl
16935 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
16936 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
16937 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
16941 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
16949 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
16957 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
16959 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
16965 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
16973 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
16975 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
16979 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
16991 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
17001 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
17009 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
17010 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
17011 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
17012 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
17020 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
17029 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
17030 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
17031 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
17032 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
17034 =item MORE INFORMATION
17036 =item COMPATIBILITY
17040 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
17048 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
17049 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
17053 =item MORE INFORMATION
17057 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
17075 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
17084 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
17086 =item MORE INFORMATION
17090 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
17102 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
17111 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
17112 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
17113 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
17114 getitimer ( $which )
17130 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
17138 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17144 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
17159 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
17174 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
17186 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
17194 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
17195 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
17199 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
17209 =item Constructor and Tailoring
17211 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
17212 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
17213 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
17215 =item Other methods
17217 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
17218 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
17219 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
17220 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
17221 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
17222 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
17223 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
17224 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
17236 Unicode Collation Algorithm - Unicode TR #10, L<Unicode::Normalize>
17240 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text
17248 C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>,
17249 C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>,
17250 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)>
17262 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
17266 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
17308 =item Blocks versus Scripts
17310 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
17312 =item Code Point Arguments
17338 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
17344 =item Implementation Note
17356 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
17371 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
17382 =item System Specifics
17396 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
17404 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
17406 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
17407 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
17408 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
17409 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
17410 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
17411 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
17412 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
17413 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
17414 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
17415 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
17416 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
17417 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
17418 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
17419 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
17420 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
17421 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
17427 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
17445 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
17457 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
17459 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
17460 don't all have manual pages yet:
17486 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles