4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
115 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
117 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
121 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
123 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
125 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
127 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
129 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
131 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
133 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
137 =item About the perlfaq documents
141 =item Where to get the perlfaq
143 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
145 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
152 =item Author and Copyright Information
156 =item Bundled Distributions
164 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
165 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
166 Initial Release: 11/March/97
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
188 =item Simple statements
190 =item Compound statements
198 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
202 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
204 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
210 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
224 =item Scalar value constructors
226 =item List value constructors
230 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
238 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
248 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
250 =item The Arrow Operator
252 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
256 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
258 =item Binding Operators
260 =item Multiplicative Operators
262 =item Additive Operators
264 =item Shift Operators
266 =item Named Unary Operators
268 =item Relational Operators
270 =item Equality Operators
274 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
276 =item C-style Logical And
278 =item C-style Logical Or
280 =item Range Operators
282 =item Conditional Operator
284 =item Assignment Operators
288 =item List Operators (Rightward)
294 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
296 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
298 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
300 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
302 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
304 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
305 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
306 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
307 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
309 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
311 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
312 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
313 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
314 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
319 =item Constant Folding
321 =item Bitwise String Operators
323 =item Integer Arithmetic
325 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
333 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
343 =item Private Variables via my()
345 =item Persistent Private Variables
347 =item Temporary Values via local()
349 =item Lvalue subroutines
351 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
353 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
355 =item When to Still Use local()
357 =item Pass by Reference
361 =item Constant Functions
363 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
367 =item Subroutine Attributes
375 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
383 =item Perl Functions by Category
385 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
386 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
387 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
388 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
389 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
390 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
391 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
392 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
393 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
394 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
399 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
401 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
402 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
403 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
404 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
405 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
406 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
407 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
408 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
409 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
410 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
411 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
412 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
413 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
414 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
415 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
416 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
417 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
418 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
419 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
420 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
421 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
422 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
423 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
424 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
425 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
426 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
427 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
428 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
429 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
430 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
431 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR
432 : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no
433 Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct EXPR, oct, open
434 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
435 open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR,
436 ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR :
437 ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
438 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
439 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
440 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
441 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
442 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
443 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
444 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
445 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
446 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
447 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
448 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
449 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
450 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
451 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
452 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
453 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
454 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
455 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
456 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
457 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
458 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
459 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
460 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
461 study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub
462 NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr
463 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall
464 LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
465 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
466 sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE,
467 system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
468 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell
469 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
470 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
471 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
472 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
473 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module
474 LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec
475 EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write
476 FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
482 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
488 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
496 =item Making References
498 =item Using References
516 =item Distribution Conditions
522 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
528 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
529 more elaborate constructs
533 =item COMMON MISTAKES
535 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
537 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
543 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
547 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
549 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
551 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
555 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
559 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
561 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
563 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
567 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
571 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
573 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
575 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
579 =item HASHES OF HASHES
583 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
585 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
587 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
591 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
595 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
597 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
599 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
611 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
621 =item Simple word matching
623 =item Using character classes
625 =item Matching this or that
627 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
629 =item Extracting matches
631 =item Matching repetitions
635 =item Search and replace
637 =item The split operator
645 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
649 =item Acknowledgments
655 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
663 =item Ordinary Paragraph
665 =item Verbatim Paragraph
667 =item Command Paragraph
669 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
670 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
671 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
672 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
674 =item Formatting Codes
676 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
677 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
678 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
679 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
680 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
681 (zero-effect) formatting code
685 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
687 =item Hints for Writing Pod
697 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
704 =item Pod Definitions
708 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
709 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
711 =item Pod Formatting Codes
713 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
714 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
715 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
716 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
717 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
718 contains non-breaking spaces
720 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
722 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
724 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
726 =item About =over...=back Regions
728 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
736 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
744 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
762 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
764 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
765 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
766 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
767 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
769 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
771 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
772 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
773 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
777 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
779 =item Numerical Traps
781 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
783 =item General data type traps
785 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
786 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
788 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
790 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
792 =item Precedence Traps
794 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
797 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
799 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
800 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
803 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
805 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
811 =item Interpolation Traps
813 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
814 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
820 =item Unclassified Traps
822 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
829 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
839 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
841 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
843 =item Location of Perl
845 =item Command Switches
847 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
848 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
849 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
850 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
851 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
852 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
853 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
859 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
860 :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
861 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
862 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
863 SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
867 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
875 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
883 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
885 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
887 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
891 =item Backward Compatibility
893 =item Category Hierarchy
897 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
909 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
917 =item Looking at data and -w and v
921 =item Stepping through code
923 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
925 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
943 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
949 =item The Perl Debugger
953 =item Debugger Commands
955 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
956 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
957 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
958 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
959 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
960 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
961 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
962 command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
963 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, @ file, H -number, q or
964 ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
966 =item Configurable Options
968 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
969 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
970 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
971 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
972 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
973 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
976 =item Debugger input/output
978 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
981 =item Debugging compile-time statements
983 =item Debugger Customization
985 =item Readline Support
987 =item Editor Support for Debugging
989 =item The Perl Profiler
993 =item Debugging regular expressions
995 =item Debugging memory usage
1003 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1011 =item Predefined Names
1013 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1014 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1015 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1016 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1017 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1018 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1019 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1020 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1021 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1022 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1023 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1024 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1025 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1026 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1027 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1028 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1029 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1030 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1031 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1032 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1033 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1034 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1035 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1036 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1037 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1038 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1039 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1040 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1041 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1042 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1044 =item Error Indicators
1046 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1054 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1062 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1064 =item Growing Your Own
1066 =item Access and Printing
1078 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1084 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1092 =item The Minus File
1094 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1100 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1104 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1108 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1112 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1114 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1116 =item Paths as Opens
1118 =item Single Argument Open
1120 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1124 =item Other I/O Issues
1128 =item Opening Non-File Files
1140 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1146 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1152 =item The Basic Principle
1156 =item Packing Numbers
1162 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1164 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1166 =item Floating point Numbers
1170 =item Exotic Templates
1182 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1186 =item Lengths and Widths
1190 =item String Lengths
1192 =item Dynamic Templates
1196 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1200 =item The Alignment Pit
1202 =item Alignment, Take 2
1204 =item Alignment, Take 3
1206 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1212 =item Funnies Section
1218 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1224 =item Part 1: The basics
1228 =item Simple word matching
1230 =item Using character classes
1232 =item Matching this or that
1234 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1236 =item Extracting matches
1238 =item Matching repetitions
1240 =item Building a regexp
1242 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1246 =item Part 2: Power tools
1250 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1252 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1254 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1256 =item Non-capturing groupings
1258 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1260 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1262 =item Conditional expressions
1264 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1266 =item Pragmas and debugging
1274 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1278 =item Acknowledgments
1284 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1294 =item Regular Expressions
1296 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1298 =item Extended Patterns
1300 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1301 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1302 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1303 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1307 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1309 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1311 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1313 =item Combining pieces together
1315 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1316 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1317 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1318 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1320 =item Creating custom RE engines
1330 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1340 =item Making References
1342 =item Using References
1344 =item Symbolic references
1346 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1348 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1350 =item Function Templates
1360 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1368 =item Format Variables
1378 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1386 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1394 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1396 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1398 =item Invoking a barnyard
1400 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1402 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1404 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1406 =item A few notes about @ISA
1408 =item Overriding the methods
1410 =item Starting the search from a different place
1412 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1414 =item Where we're at so far...
1416 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1418 =item Invoking an instance method
1420 =item Accessing the instance data
1422 =item How to build a horse
1424 =item Inheriting the constructor
1426 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1428 =item Adding parameters to a method
1430 =item More interesting instances
1432 =item A horse of a different color
1444 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1450 =item Creating a Class
1454 =item Object Representation
1456 =item Class Interface
1458 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1460 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1464 =item Other Object Methods
1472 =item Accessing Class Data
1474 =item Debugging Methods
1476 =item Class Destructors
1478 =item Documenting the Interface
1488 =item Overridden Methods
1490 =item Multiple Inheritance
1492 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1496 =item Alternate Object Representations
1500 =item Arrays as Objects
1502 =item Closures as Objects
1506 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1510 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1512 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1516 =item Metaclassical Tools
1522 =item Data Members as Variables
1530 =item Object Terminology
1536 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1542 =item Acknowledgments
1548 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1554 =item Class Data in a Can
1556 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1560 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1562 =item Inheritance Concerns
1564 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1566 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1568 =item Monadic Classes
1570 =item Translucent Attributes
1574 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1578 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1580 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1582 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1584 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1586 =item Translucency Revisited
1594 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1596 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1602 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1610 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1612 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1614 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1616 =item Method Invocation
1618 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1620 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1622 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1628 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1636 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1642 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1644 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1646 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1648 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1650 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1652 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1654 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1656 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1658 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1660 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1666 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1678 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1683 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1684 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1685 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1686 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1691 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1692 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1693 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1695 =item Tying FileHandles
1697 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1698 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1703 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1715 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1716 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1726 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
1734 =item Deferred Signals
1736 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals
1737 triggered by operating system state
1741 =item Using open() for IPC
1747 =item Background Processes
1749 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1751 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1753 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1755 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1759 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1763 =item Internet Line Terminators
1765 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1767 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1771 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1775 =item A Simple Client
1777 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1779 =item A Webget Client
1781 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1785 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1787 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1789 =item UDP: Message Passing
1803 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1813 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1815 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1816 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1817 files, directories and network sockets
1819 =item Resource limits
1821 =item Killing the parent process
1823 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1825 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1827 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1828 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1829 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1841 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1849 =item Storing numbers
1851 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1853 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1855 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1856 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1857 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1866 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1874 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1876 =item Threaded Program Models
1888 =item Native threads
1890 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1892 =item Threadsafe Modules
1898 =item Basic Thread Support
1900 =item A Note about the Examples
1902 =item Creating Threads
1904 =item Giving up control
1906 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1908 =item Ignoring A Thread
1912 =item Threads And Data
1916 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1918 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
1922 =item Synchronization and control
1926 =item Controlling access: lock()
1928 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1930 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1932 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1934 =item Basic semaphores
1936 =item Advanced Semaphores
1938 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
1942 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1946 =item What Thread Am I In?
1950 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1952 =item What Threads Are Running?
1956 =item A Complete Example
1958 =item Performance considerations
1960 =item Threadsafety of System Libraries
1968 =item Introductory Texts
1970 =item OS-Related References
1972 =item Other References
1976 =item Acknowledgements
1984 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1990 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1992 =item Threaded Program Models
2004 =item Native threads
2006 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2008 =item Threadsafe Modules
2014 =item Basic Thread Support
2016 =item Creating Threads
2018 =item Giving up control
2020 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2022 =item Errors In Threads
2024 =item Ignoring A Thread
2028 =item Threads And Data
2032 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2034 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2036 =item Controlling access: lock()
2038 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2040 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2044 =item Threads And Code
2048 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2050 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2052 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2054 =item Subroutine Locks
2058 =item Locking A Subroutine
2062 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2066 =item What Thread Am I In?
2070 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2072 =item What Threads Are Running?
2076 =item A Complete Example
2084 =item Introductory Texts
2086 =item OS-Related References
2088 =item Other References
2092 =item Acknowledgements
2100 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2106 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2115 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2117 =item Files and Filesystems
2119 =item System Interaction
2121 =item Command names versus file pathnames
2123 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2125 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2127 =item Standard Modules
2131 =item Character sets and character encoding
2133 =item Internationalisation
2135 =item System Resources
2145 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2146 http://testers.cpan.org/
2154 =item DOS and Derivatives
2162 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2170 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2174 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2176 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2177 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2178 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2179 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2180 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2181 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2182 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2183 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2184 getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
2185 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
2186 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
2187 EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
2188 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
2189 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
2190 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
2191 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
2192 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2193 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2194 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2195 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2196 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2197 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2198 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2199 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2200 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2206 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2207 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2208 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2209 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2210 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2211 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2213 =item Supported Platforms
2217 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2221 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2228 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2234 =item The use locale pragma
2236 =item The setlocale function
2238 =item Finding locales
2240 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2242 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2244 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2246 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2248 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2250 =item The localeconv function
2252 =item I18N::Langinfo
2256 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2260 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2262 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2264 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2266 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2270 =item Other categories
2278 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2279 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2285 =item Backward compatibility
2287 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2289 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2291 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2293 =item Freely available locale definitions
2297 =item An imperfect standard
2301 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2307 =item Broken systems
2317 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2327 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2329 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2331 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2333 =item Creating Unicode
2335 =item Handling Unicode
2337 =item Legacy Encodings
2341 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2345 =item Advanced Topics
2349 =item Questions With Answers
2351 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2353 =item Further Resources
2357 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2361 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2363 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2367 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2375 =item Important Caveats
2377 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2378 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2380 =item Byte and Character Semantics
2382 =item Effects of Character Semantics
2388 =item User-Defined Character Properties
2390 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
2392 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2394 =item Unicode Encodings
2396 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2398 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2402 =item Using Unicode in XS
2410 =item Interaction with Locales
2412 =item Interaction with Extensions
2422 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2428 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2436 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2440 =item 13 variant characters
2448 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2450 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2452 =item Unicode and UTF
2458 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2460 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2462 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2476 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2478 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2480 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2482 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2490 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2492 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2494 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2496 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2500 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2504 =item URL decoding and encoding
2506 =item uu encoding and decoding
2508 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2510 =item Caesarian ciphers
2514 =item Hashing order and checksums
2518 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2530 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2550 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2558 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2560 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2562 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2566 =item Protecting Your Programs
2576 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2588 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2594 =item Making your module threadsafe
2602 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2612 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2613 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2627 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2633 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2637 =item Pragmatic Modules
2639 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
2640 charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer,
2641 less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs,
2642 threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2644 =item Standard Modules
2646 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2647 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2648 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2649 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2650 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2651 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2652 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest,
2653 DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
2654 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
2655 ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2656 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
2657 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
2658 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
2659 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2660 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2661 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2662 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2663 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2664 File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2665 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::NW5, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2666 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2667 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2668 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
2669 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2670 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2671 Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2672 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
2673 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
2674 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2675 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2676 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2677 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2678 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html,
2679 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils,
2680 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2681 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
2682 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2683 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2684 Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
2685 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
2686 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2687 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2688 Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2689 Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2690 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate,
2691 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2693 =item Extension Modules
2705 =item Central America
2717 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2721 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2723 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2725 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2733 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2739 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2743 =item Before you start
2751 =item Release considerations
2755 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2759 =item Has it been done before?
2761 =item Do one thing and do it well
2763 =item What's in a name?
2767 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2771 =item To OO or not to OO?
2773 =item Designing your API
2775 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2776 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2779 =item Strictness and warnings
2781 =item Backwards compatibility
2783 =item Error handling and messages
2787 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2793 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2797 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2801 =item Version numbering
2803 =item Pre-requisites
2813 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2817 =item Reinventing the wheel
2819 =item Trying to do too much
2821 =item Inappropriate documentation
2827 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2828 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2834 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2844 =item What should I make into a module?
2846 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2848 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2850 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2852 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2853 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2854 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2856 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2858 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2859 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2869 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
2870 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
2880 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2882 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2884 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2886 =item What is perl6?
2888 =item How stable is Perl?
2890 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2892 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2895 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2897 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2899 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2901 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2903 =item What is a JAPH?
2905 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2907 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2908 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2912 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2916 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $,
2917 $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
2925 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2927 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2929 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2931 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2934 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2935 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2937 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2938 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2940 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2942 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2944 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2946 =item Where should I post source code?
2950 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2952 =item Perl in Magazines
2954 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2956 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2958 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2960 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2962 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2964 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2968 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2972 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06
2981 =item How do I do (anything)?
2983 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2985 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2987 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2989 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2991 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2993 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2995 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2997 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2999 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
3000 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
3001 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
3003 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
3005 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
3007 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
3009 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
3011 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
3013 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
3015 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
3017 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
3018 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
3020 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
3022 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3024 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3026 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3028 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3030 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3032 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3034 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3036 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3038 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3040 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3042 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3044 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3045 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3047 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3049 =item What's MakeMaker?
3053 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3057 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3068 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3069 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3071 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3073 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3076 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3078 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
3079 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
3080 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
3081 from decimal to binary
3083 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3085 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3087 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3089 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3091 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3093 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3101 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
3103 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
3105 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3107 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3109 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3111 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3113 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3121 =item How do I validate input?
3123 =item How do I unescape a string?
3125 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3127 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3129 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3131 =item How do I reverse a string?
3133 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3135 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3137 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
3139 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3141 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3144 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3146 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3147 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3149 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3151 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3153 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3155 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3157 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3159 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3161 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3163 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3164 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3173 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3175 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3177 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3181 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3184 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3185 intersection of two arrays?
3187 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3189 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3191 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3193 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3195 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3197 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3199 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3201 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3203 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3205 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3207 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3211 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3215 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3217 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3220 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3222 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3224 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3226 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3228 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3230 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3232 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3234 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3236 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3238 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3240 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3243 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3244 array of hashes or arrays?
3246 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3254 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3256 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3258 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3260 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3262 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3264 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3266 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3270 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3274 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3283 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3285 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3286 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3288 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3290 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3292 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3294 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3295 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3297 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3299 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3301 =item How can I write() into a string?
3303 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3305 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3307 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3309 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3311 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3313 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3315 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3317 =item How can I lock a file?
3319 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3321 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3322 the file. How can I do this?
3324 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3325 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3327 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3329 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3331 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3333 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3335 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3337 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3339 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3341 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3343 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3345 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3347 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3349 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3350 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3352 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3354 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3355 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3357 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3359 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3363 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3367 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2002/06/01
3376 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3377 and unmaintainable code?
3379 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3381 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3383 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3386 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3388 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3391 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3393 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3395 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3397 =item What is C</o> really for?
3399 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3402 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3404 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3406 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3408 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3410 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3412 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3414 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3416 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3418 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3420 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3422 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3424 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3426 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3430 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3434 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
3435 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)
3443 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3445 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3448 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3451 =item How do I skip some return values?
3453 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3455 =item What's an extension?
3457 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3459 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3461 =item How do I create a module?
3463 =item How do I create a class?
3465 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3467 =item What's a closure?
3469 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3471 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3474 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3477 =item How do I create a static variable?
3479 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3480 Between local() and my()?
3482 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3485 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3487 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3489 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3491 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3493 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3495 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3497 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3499 =item How can I find out my current package?
3501 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3503 =item How do I clear a package?
3505 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3509 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3513 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16
3522 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3524 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3526 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3528 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3530 =item How do I print something out in color?
3532 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3534 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3536 =item How do I clear the screen?
3538 =item How do I get the screen size?
3540 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3542 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3544 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3546 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3548 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3550 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3552 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3554 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3556 =item How do I set the time and date?
3558 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3560 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3562 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3564 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3565 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3567 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3569 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3571 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3573 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3575 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3577 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3579 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3581 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3583 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3585 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3588 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3590 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3592 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3594 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3597 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3598 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3599 changes to be visible?
3603 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3606 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3608 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3610 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3612 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3614 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3616 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3618 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3620 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3622 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3624 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3626 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3628 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3631 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3633 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3637 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3641 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13
3650 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3652 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3655 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3657 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3659 =item How do I extract URLs?
3661 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3662 file on another machine?
3664 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3666 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3668 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3670 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3672 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3674 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3676 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3678 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3679 CGI script to do bad things?
3681 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3683 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3685 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3687 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3689 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3691 =item How do I send mail?
3693 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3695 =item How do I read mail?
3697 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3699 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3701 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3703 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3707 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3711 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3721 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3725 =item Using The Back Ends
3729 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3733 =item The Decompiling Back End
3735 =item The Lint Back End
3737 =item The Simple C Back End
3739 =item The Bytecode Back End
3741 =item The Optimized C Back End
3745 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3747 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3748 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3749 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3751 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3757 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3767 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3768 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3772 =item Compiling your C program
3774 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3776 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3778 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3780 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3782 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3784 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3786 =item Execution of END blocks
3788 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3790 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3795 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3805 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3811 =item Debugger Internals
3815 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3819 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3821 =item Debugging regular expressions
3825 =item Compile-time output
3827 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3828 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3829 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3832 =item Types of nodes
3834 =item Run-time output
3838 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3842 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3844 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3845 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3848 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3850 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3852 =item B<-DL> details
3856 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3864 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3876 =item Version caveat
3878 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3890 =item What has gone on?
3892 =item Writing good test scripts
3896 =item What's new here?
3898 =item Input and Output Parameters
3900 =item The XSUBPP Program
3902 =item The TYPEMAP file
3904 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3908 =item What has happened here?
3910 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3912 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3914 =item More about XSUB arguments
3916 =item The Argument Stack
3918 =item Extending your Extension
3920 =item Documenting your Extension
3922 =item Installing your Extension
3926 =item New Things in this Example
3930 =item New Things in this Example
3932 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3934 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3936 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
3938 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3954 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3966 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3968 =item The Argument Stack
3970 =item The RETVAL Variable
3972 =item The MODULE Keyword
3974 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3976 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3978 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3980 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3982 =item The CODE: Keyword
3984 =item The INIT: Keyword
3986 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3988 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3990 =item Default Parameter Values
3992 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3994 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3996 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3998 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4000 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4002 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4004 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4006 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4008 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4010 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4012 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4014 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4016 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4018 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4020 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4022 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4024 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4026 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4028 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4030 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4032 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4034 =item The CASE: Keyword
4036 =item The & Unary Operator
4038 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4040 =item Using XS With C++
4042 =item Interface Strategy
4044 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4048 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4050 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4062 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4072 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4074 =item File Operations
4076 =item File Input and Output
4078 =item File Positioning
4080 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4082 =item Character Class Tests
4084 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4086 =item Miscellaneous functions
4094 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4106 =item What is an "IV"?
4108 =item Working with SVs
4112 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4114 =item Working with AVs
4116 =item Working with HVs
4118 =item Hash API Extensions
4122 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4124 =item Creating New Variables
4126 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4128 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4130 =item Stashes and Globs
4132 =item Double-Typed SVs
4134 =item Magic Variables
4136 =item Assigning Magic
4138 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4142 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4144 =item Localizing changes
4146 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4147 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4148 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4149 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4150 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4151 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4152 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4153 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4154 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4155 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4163 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4165 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4167 =item Memory Allocation
4171 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4175 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4185 =item Examining the tree
4187 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4189 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4191 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4193 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4195 =item Pluggable runops
4199 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4201 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4205 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4207 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4209 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4211 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4213 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4217 =item Internal Functions
4219 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4223 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4225 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4227 =item Source Documentation
4231 =item Unicode Support
4235 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4237 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4239 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4241 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4243 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4245 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4249 =item Custom Operators
4257 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4263 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4265 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4267 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4287 =item Determining the Context
4291 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4297 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4299 =item Passing Parameters
4301 =item Returning a Scalar
4303 =item Returning a list of values
4305 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4307 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4311 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4315 =item Using call_argv
4317 =item Using call_method
4321 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4323 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4325 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4326 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4329 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4331 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4343 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4353 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4354 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4355 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4356 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4360 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4362 =item Administration
4364 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4368 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4369 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4377 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4387 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4389 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4391 B<Decryption Filters>
4393 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4395 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4397 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4409 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4417 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4418 B<filter_fetch_value>
4424 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4426 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4436 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4442 =item "Gimme" Values
4444 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4446 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4448 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4449 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4450 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4452 =item Callback Functions
4454 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4455 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4457 =item Character classes
4459 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4461 =item Cloning an interpreter
4465 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4467 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4469 =item Embedding Functions
4471 load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4472 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4474 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4476 pack_cat, unpack_str
4478 =item Global Variables
4480 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4484 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4485 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4489 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4491 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4493 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4494 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4495 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4496 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4497 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4499 =item Magical Functions
4501 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4502 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4503 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4505 =item Memory Management
4507 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4508 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4510 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4512 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4513 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4515 =item Numeric functions
4517 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4520 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4522 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4524 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4526 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4527 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4528 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4529 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4530 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4534 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4536 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4538 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4539 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4540 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4541 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4542 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4543 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4544 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4545 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4546 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4547 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4548 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4549 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
4550 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
4551 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4552 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4553 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4554 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4555 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
4556 sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4557 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4558 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4559 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
4560 sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
4561 sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
4562 sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4563 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4564 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
4565 sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
4566 sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
4567 sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
4568 sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode,
4569 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags,
4570 sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4572 =item Unicode Support
4574 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4575 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4576 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4577 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4578 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4580 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4582 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4583 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4585 =item Warning and Dieing
4595 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4602 =item Global Variables
4604 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4615 =item Pad Data Structures
4619 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4623 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4625 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4633 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4643 =item History and Background
4645 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4647 =item Data Structures
4649 =item Functions and Attributes
4651 =item Per-instance Data
4653 =item Layers in action.
4655 =item Per-instance flag bits
4657 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4658 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4659 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4660 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4662 =item Methods in Detail
4664 name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS,
4665 PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, PERLIO_K_RAW, Pushed, Popped, Open, Getarg, Fileno, Dup,
4666 Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr,
4667 Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt
4671 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4673 =item Extension Layers
4675 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Via"
4683 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4691 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4692 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4693 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4694 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4695 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4696 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4697 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4698 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4699 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4700 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4701 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4705 =item Co-existence with stdio
4707 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4708 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4710 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4712 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4713 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4714 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4715 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4717 =item Other Functions
4719 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4720 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4726 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4732 =item To do during 5.6.x
4736 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4738 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4740 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4742 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4744 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4748 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4750 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
4752 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4754 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4756 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4758 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4760 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4762 =item Complete signal handling
4764 =item Out-of-source builds
4766 =item POSIX realtime support
4768 =item UNIX98 support
4772 =item Long double conversion
4776 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4778 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4780 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4782 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4784 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4786 =item Custom opcodes
4788 =item DLL Versioning
4790 =item Introduce @( and @)
4792 =item Floating point handling
4794 =item IV/UV preservation
4796 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4798 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4800 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4802 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4804 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4806 =item Document Win32 choices
4808 =item Check new modules
4810 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4814 =item To do at some point
4818 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4820 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4822 =item bitfields in pack
4824 =item Cross compilation
4826 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4828 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4830 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4832 =item -i rename file when changed
4834 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4836 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4838 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4840 =item my sub foo { }
4842 =item One-pass global destruction
4844 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4846 =item Cache recently used regexps
4848 =item Cross-compilation support
4850 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4852 =item debugger pragma
4854 =item use less pragma
4856 =item switch structures
4858 =item Cache eval tree
4862 =item Shrink opcode tables
4864 =item Optimize away @_
4866 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4870 =item Prototype method calls
4872 =item Return context prototype declarations
4876 =item Garbage collection
4880 =item Rewrite perldoc
4882 =item Install .3p manpages
4884 =item Unicode tutorial
4886 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4888 =item Retargetable installation
4890 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4892 =item Rename Win32 headers
4894 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4896 =item Update sprintf documentation
4898 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4900 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4902 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
4904 =item Should overload be inheritable?
4914 =item ref() in list context
4916 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4918 =item Compile to real threaded code
4920 =item Structured types
4922 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4924 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4928 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4932 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4934 =item Constant function cache
4936 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4944 =item Update guts documentation
4946 =item Add more tests
4948 =item Update auxiliary tools
4950 =item Create debugging macros
4952 =item truncate to the people
4954 =item Unicode in Filenames
4958 =item Recently done things
4962 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4964 =item Safe signal handling
4970 =item setitimer and getimiter
4972 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4974 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4976 =item Explicit switch statements
4984 =item perlcc to produce executable
4986 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4988 =item Secure temporary file module
4990 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4992 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4994 =item Mmap for input
4996 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4998 =item Add sockatmark support
5000 =item Mailing list archives
5004 =item Integrate MacPerl
5006 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5008 =item Regular expression tutorial
5010 =item Debugging Tutorial
5012 =item Integrate new modules
5014 =item Integrate profiler
5016 =item Y2K error detection
5018 =item Regular expression debugger
5022 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5024 =item Cache precompiled modules
5028 =item Deprecated Wishes
5032 =item Loop control on do{}
5034 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5040 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5042 =item Named prototypes
5044 =item Built-in globbing
5046 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5048 =item Cached hash values
5050 =item Add compression modules
5052 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5054 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5056 =item Make XS easier to use
5058 =item Make embedding easier to use
5062 =item my $Package::variable
5064 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5066 =item "class"-based lexicals
5070 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5072 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5074 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5076 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5082 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5088 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5089 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5090 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5091 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5092 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5093 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5094 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5098 =item Keeping in sync
5100 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5101 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5103 =item Why rsync the source tree
5105 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
5107 =item Why rsync the patches
5109 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5110 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5112 =item Perlbug remote interface
5114 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
5115 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
5117 =item Submitting patches
5119 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5120 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5122 =item Finding Your Way Around
5124 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5126 =item Elements of the interpreter
5128 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5130 =item Internal Variable Types
5136 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5138 =item Millions of Macros
5140 =item Poking at Perl
5142 =item Using a source-level debugger
5144 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5145 finish, 'enter', print
5147 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5151 =item Patching a core module
5153 =item Adding a new function to the core
5155 =item Writing a test
5157 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5158 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5160 =item Special Make Test Targets
5162 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
5163 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8
5167 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5171 =item Rational Software's Purify
5173 =item Purify on Unix
5175 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5179 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5181 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5183 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5187 =item Gprof Profiling
5189 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5191 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5193 =item Pixie Profiling
5195 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5198 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5202 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5210 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5218 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5230 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5232 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5236 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5240 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5246 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5248 =item Incompatible Changes
5252 =item Binary Incompatibility
5254 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5256 =item AIX Dynaloading
5258 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
5260 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5262 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5264 =item New Unicode Properties
5266 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5268 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5274 =item Core Enhancements
5278 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5280 =item Restricted Hashes
5284 =item Unicode Overhaul
5286 =item Understanding of Numbers
5288 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5290 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5294 =item Modules and Pragmata
5298 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5300 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5304 =item Utility Changes
5306 =item New Documentation
5308 =item Performance Enhancements
5310 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5314 =item Generic Improvements
5316 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5320 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5324 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5328 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5330 =item Changed Internals
5332 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
5336 =item Known Problems
5342 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5348 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
5350 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5352 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
5354 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO8859-15 Locales
5356 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t
5358 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5360 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5362 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5364 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5366 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5368 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5370 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5374 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5378 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
5380 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
5382 =item PDL failing some tests
5384 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5386 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5388 =item Timing problems
5400 =item XML::Parser not working
5404 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5406 =item Self-tying Problems
5408 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
5410 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5412 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5414 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5416 =item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental
5418 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5422 =item Reporting Bugs
5430 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5436 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5438 =item Incompatible Changes
5442 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5444 =item AIX Dynaloading
5446 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5448 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5454 =item Core Enhancements
5456 =item Modules and Pragmata
5460 =item New Modules and Distributions
5462 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5466 =item Utility Changes
5468 =item New Documentation
5470 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5474 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5476 =item Generic Improvements
5480 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5484 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5488 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5490 =item Source Code Enhancements
5494 =item MAGIC constants
5496 =item Better commented code
5498 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5506 =item Known Problems
5512 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5514 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5516 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5518 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5520 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5522 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5526 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5528 =item Failure of Thread tests
5538 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5540 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5542 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5544 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5546 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5548 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5552 =item Reporting Bugs
5560 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5566 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5568 =item Incompatible Changes
5570 =item Core Enhancements
5574 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5576 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5578 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5582 =item Modules and Pragmata
5588 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5592 =item Performance Enhancements
5594 =item Utility Changes
5596 =item New Documentation
5612 =item README.solaris
5616 =item Porting/repository.pod
5620 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5624 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5626 =item Generic Improvements
5628 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5629 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5630 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5634 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5638 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5642 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5644 =item Changed Internals
5648 =item Known Problems
5652 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5654 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5656 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5658 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5662 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5664 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5666 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5668 =item Failure of Thread tests
5670 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5672 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5674 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5676 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5680 =item Reporting Bugs
5688 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5694 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5696 =item Incompatible Changes
5698 =item Core Enhancements
5700 =item Modules and Pragmata
5706 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5710 =item Utility Changes
5712 =item New Documentation
5714 =item Performance Enhancements
5716 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5720 =item Generic Improvements
5724 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5728 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5732 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5734 =item Changed Internals
5736 =item Known Problems
5740 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5742 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5744 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5746 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5748 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5750 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5752 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5754 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5756 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5758 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5762 =item Reporting Bugs
5770 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5776 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5780 =item Security Issues
5782 =item Core bug fixes
5784 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5785 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5786 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5787 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5788 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5789 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5794 =item Configuration issues
5798 =item Bundled modules
5800 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5801 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5802 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5803 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5805 =item Platform-specific improvements
5807 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5811 =item Core Enhancements
5815 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5817 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5819 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5821 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5823 =item "our" declarations
5825 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5827 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5829 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5831 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5833 =item open() with more than two arguments
5835 =item 64-bit support
5837 =item Large file support
5843 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5845 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5847 =item File globbing implemented internally
5849 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5851 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5853 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5855 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5857 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5859 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5861 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5863 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5865 =item Comments in pack() templates
5867 =item Weak references
5869 =item Binary numbers supported
5871 =item Lvalue subroutines
5873 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5875 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5877 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5879 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5881 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5883 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5885 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5887 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5889 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5891 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5893 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5895 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5897 =item Improved diagnostics
5899 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5901 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5903 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5905 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5907 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5909 =item Improved security features
5911 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5913 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5915 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5917 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5919 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5921 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5923 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5927 =item Modules and Pragmata
5933 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5934 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5935 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5936 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5937 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5938 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5939 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5940 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5946 =item Utility Changes
5960 =item The Perl Debugger
5964 =item Improved Documentation
5966 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5967 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5968 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5969 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5971 =item Performance enhancements
5975 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5977 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5979 =item Faster subroutine calls
5981 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5985 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5989 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5991 =item New Configure flags
5993 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5999 =item -Duselargefiles
6001 =item installusrbinperl
6007 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6009 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6013 =item Platform specific changes
6017 =item Supported platforms
6021 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6029 =item Significant bug fixes
6033 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6035 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6037 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6039 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6041 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6043 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6045 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6047 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6049 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6051 =item Locale bugs fixed
6055 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6057 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6059 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6061 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6065 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6067 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6068 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6069 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6070 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6071 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6072 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6073 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6074 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6075 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6076 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6077 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6078 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6079 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6080 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6081 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6082 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6083 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6084 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6085 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6086 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6087 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6088 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6089 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6090 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6091 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6092 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6093 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6094 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6095 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6096 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6097 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6098 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6099 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6100 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6101 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6102 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6103 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6104 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6105 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6106 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6107 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6108 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6109 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6110 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6111 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6112 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6113 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6114 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6115 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6116 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6120 =item Incompatible Changes
6124 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6126 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6127 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6128 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6129 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6130 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6131 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6132 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6133 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6134 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6135 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6136 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6138 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6140 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6142 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6144 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6146 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6150 =item Known Problems
6154 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6156 =item Known test failures
6158 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6160 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6162 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6164 =item Experimental features
6166 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6167 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6168 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6172 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6174 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6175 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6176 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6177 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6179 =item Reporting Bugs
6187 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6193 =item Core Enhancements
6197 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6199 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6201 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6203 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6205 =item "our" declarations
6207 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6209 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6211 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6213 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6215 =item open() with more than two arguments
6217 =item 64-bit support
6219 =item Large file support
6225 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6227 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6229 =item File globbing implemented internally
6231 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6233 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6235 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6237 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6239 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6241 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6243 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6245 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6247 =item Comments in pack() templates
6249 =item Weak references
6251 =item Binary numbers supported
6253 =item Lvalue subroutines
6255 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6257 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6259 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6261 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6263 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6265 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6267 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6269 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6271 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6273 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6275 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6277 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6279 =item Improved diagnostics
6281 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6283 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6285 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6287 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6289 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6291 =item Improved security features
6293 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6295 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6297 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6299 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6301 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6303 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6305 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6309 =item Modules and Pragmata
6315 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6316 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6317 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6318 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6319 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6320 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6321 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6322 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6328 =item Utility Changes
6342 =item The Perl Debugger
6346 =item Improved Documentation
6348 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6349 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6350 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6351 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6353 =item Performance enhancements
6357 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6359 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6361 =item Faster subroutine calls
6363 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6367 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6371 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6373 =item New Configure flags
6375 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6381 =item -Duselargefiles
6383 =item installusrbinperl
6389 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6393 =item Platform specific changes
6397 =item Supported platforms
6401 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6409 =item Significant bug fixes
6413 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6415 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6417 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6419 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6421 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6423 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6425 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6427 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6429 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6431 =item Locale bugs fixed
6435 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6437 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6439 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6441 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6445 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6447 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6448 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6449 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6450 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6451 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6452 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6453 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6454 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6455 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6456 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6457 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6458 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6459 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6460 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6461 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6462 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6463 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6464 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6465 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6466 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6467 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6468 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6469 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6470 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6471 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6472 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6473 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6474 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6475 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6476 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6477 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6478 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6479 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6480 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6481 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6482 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6483 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6484 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6485 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6486 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6487 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6488 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6489 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6490 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6491 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6492 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6493 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6494 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6495 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6496 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6500 =item Incompatible Changes
6504 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6506 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6507 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6508 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6509 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6510 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6511 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6512 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6513 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6514 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6515 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6516 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6518 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6520 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6522 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6524 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6526 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6530 =item Known Problems
6534 =item Thread test failures
6536 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6538 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6540 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6542 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6545 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6547 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6549 =item Experimental features
6551 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6552 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6553 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6557 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6559 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6560 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6561 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6562 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6564 =item Reporting Bugs
6572 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6578 =item About the new versioning system
6580 =item Incompatible Changes
6584 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6586 =item Default installation structure has changed
6588 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6590 =item C Source Compatibility
6592 =item Binary Compatibility
6594 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6596 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6610 =item Regular Expressions
6612 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6613 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6614 improvements, Incompatible changes
6616 =item Improved malloc()
6618 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6620 =item Reliable signals
6622 =item Reliable stack pointers
6624 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6628 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6630 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6632 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6634 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6636 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6638 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6640 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6642 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6644 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6646 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6648 =item Better locale support
6650 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6652 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6654 =item Extended support for exception handling
6656 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6658 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6660 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6662 =item New C<lock> keyword
6664 =item New C<qr//> operator
6666 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6668 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6670 =item Tied handles support is better
6672 =item 4th argument to substr
6674 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6676 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6678 =item <> now reads in records
6682 =item Supported Platforms
6688 =item Changes in existing support
6692 =item Modules and Pragmata
6698 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6699 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6700 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6702 =item Changes in existing modules
6704 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6705 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6709 =item Utility Changes
6711 =item Documentation Changes
6713 =item New Diagnostics
6715 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6716 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6717 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6718 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6719 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6720 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6721 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6722 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6723 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6724 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6725 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6726 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6727 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6728 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6729 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6730 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6731 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6733 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6735 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6736 temporary file, regexp too big
6738 =item Configuration Changes
6748 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6754 =item Supported Environments
6760 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6762 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6764 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6766 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6768 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6770 =item More precise warnings
6772 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6774 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6776 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6778 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6780 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6782 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6784 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6786 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6788 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6790 =item Changes to tainting checks
6792 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6793 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6795 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6797 =item Embedding improvements
6799 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6801 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6803 =item New and changed syntax
6807 =item New and changed builtin constants
6811 =item New and changed builtin variables
6815 =item New and changed builtin functions
6817 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6818 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6819 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6820 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6821 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6823 =item New builtin methods
6825 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6827 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6829 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6830 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6832 =item Malloc enhancements
6834 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6836 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6840 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6856 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6857 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6863 =item Required Updates
6865 =item Installation directories
6867 =item Module information summary
6881 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6885 =item Utility Changes
6891 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6895 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6899 =item C Language API Changes
6901 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6904 =item Documentation Changes
6906 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6907 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6909 =item New Diagnostics
6911 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6912 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6913 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6914 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6915 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6916 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6917 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6918 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6919 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6920 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6921 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6922 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6923 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6924 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6925 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6926 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6927 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6928 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6929 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6930 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6931 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6932 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6933 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6934 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6935 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6945 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6953 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6957 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6959 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6961 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6963 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6969 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6979 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6989 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7003 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7005 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7007 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7009 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7015 =item Accessing documentation
7019 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7021 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7023 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7025 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7029 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7033 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7035 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7037 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7039 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7041 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7051 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7059 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7061 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7065 =item Contact Information
7067 =item Update 2002-05-30
7073 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7083 =item gzip on BS2000
7085 =item bison on BS2000
7087 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7089 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7091 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7093 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7095 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7097 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7099 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7133 =item Acknowledgements
7139 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7145 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7149 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7151 =item Cygwin Configuration
7153 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7157 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7161 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7163 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7165 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7166 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7168 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7170 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7171 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7174 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7176 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7180 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7184 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7190 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7194 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7196 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7198 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7202 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7204 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7206 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7207 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7209 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7217 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7229 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7233 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7235 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7237 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7239 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7249 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7259 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7263 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7265 =item Building Perl on DOS
7267 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7269 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7273 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7277 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7279 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7281 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7283 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7293 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7301 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7303 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7307 =item Editors on Epoc
7309 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7311 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7313 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7317 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7325 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
7333 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
7335 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
7337 =item Perl will no more be part of "base FreeBSD"
7345 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7354 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7356 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7368 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7370 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7372 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7374 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7376 =item The GNU C Compiler
7378 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7380 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7382 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7384 =item Oracle on HP-UX
7386 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7388 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7390 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7392 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7396 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7404 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7412 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7420 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
7428 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
7430 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
7432 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
7434 =item Linker Problems in Irix
7436 =item Malloc in Irix
7438 =item Building with threads
7446 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7455 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7457 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7459 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7461 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7471 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7485 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7491 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7497 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7505 =item Binary distribution from HP
7507 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7509 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7511 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7513 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7515 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7517 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7518 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7520 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7524 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7526 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7528 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7530 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7532 =item Perl/iX Change History
7548 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
7560 =item Build new extensions
7562 =item Acknowledgements
7570 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7590 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7592 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7594 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7598 =item Frequently asked questions
7602 =item "It does not work"
7604 =item I cannot run external programs
7606 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7609 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7612 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7614 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7622 =item Automatic binary installation
7624 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7626 =item Manual binary installation
7628 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7629 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7630 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7631 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7632 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7638 =item Accessing documentation
7642 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7650 =item GNU C<info> files
7662 =item The short story
7666 =item Getting perl source
7668 =item Application of the patches
7676 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7679 =item Installing the built perl
7681 =item C<a.out>-style build
7689 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7691 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7693 =item Problems with tr or sed
7695 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7697 =item Library ... not found
7699 =item Segfault in make
7701 =item op/sprintf test failure
7705 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7709 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7713 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7715 =item Additional modules:
7717 =item Prebuilt methods:
7719 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7720 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7721 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7722 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7723 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7724 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7725 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7726 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7727 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7728 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7729 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
7731 =item Prebuilt variables:
7733 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
7739 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7742 =item Identifying DLLs
7744 =item Centralized management of resources
7760 =item F<perl___.exe>
7762 =item Why strange names?
7764 =item Why dynamic linking?
7766 =item Why chimera build?
7774 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7776 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7778 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7780 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7782 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7784 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7794 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7796 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7798 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7801 =item DLL forwarder generation
7805 =item Calls to external programs
7807 =item Memory allocation
7811 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7827 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7840 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7842 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7844 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7846 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7848 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7850 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7852 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7854 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7856 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7858 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7868 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7876 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7884 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7886 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7888 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7890 =item QNX auxiliary files
7894 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7902 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7912 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7914 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7916 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7918 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7922 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7926 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7938 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7946 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7952 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7958 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7960 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7962 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7966 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7970 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7972 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7974 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7978 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7980 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7981 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7982 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7988 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7990 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7994 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
7996 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8000 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8004 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8006 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8010 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8012 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8014 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8024 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8025 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8033 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8035 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8037 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8039 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8041 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8043 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8047 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8049 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8051 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8057 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8065 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8067 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8073 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8083 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8085 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8087 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8089 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8091 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8101 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8107 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8115 =item Organization of Perl Images
8121 =item Perl Extensions
8123 =item Installing static extensions
8125 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8129 =item File specifications
8135 =item Wildcard expansion
8141 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8147 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8149 =item Command line switches
8155 =item Perl functions
8157 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8158 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8159 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8160 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8162 =item Perl variables
8164 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8166 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8180 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8188 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
8190 =item Stratus POSIX Support
8194 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8198 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
8200 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
8204 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8208 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
8210 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8212 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8218 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8226 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8236 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8238 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8239 SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC
8243 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8245 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8247 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8249 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8250 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8251 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
8253 =item Running Perl Scripts
8255 Miscellaneous Things
8259 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8263 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8264 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8265 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8273 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8275 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8287 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8297 =head2 threadshared::queue, threads::shared::queue - thread-safe queues
8305 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8307 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
8313 =head2 threadshared::semaphore, threads::shared::semaphore - thread-safe
8322 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8324 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
8328 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8329 data structures between threads
8341 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8342 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8354 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8363 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8364 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();, async
8369 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8373 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
8374 not threadsafe, will not be
8376 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8382 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8392 =item Built-in Attributes
8394 locked, method, lvalue
8396 =item Available Subroutines
8400 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8402 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8404 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8412 =item Default exports
8414 =item Available exports
8416 =item Export tags defined
8426 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8438 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8454 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8468 =head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
8480 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8484 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8504 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8516 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8520 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8540 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
8562 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8563 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8564 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8565 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8566 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
8576 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8590 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8603 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8612 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8614 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8616 =item charnames::vianame(name)
8620 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8626 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8638 =item List constants
8640 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8642 =item Magic constants
8646 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8656 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8667 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8669 =item The I<splain> Program
8683 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
8693 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
8694 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
8702 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
8706 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
8708 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
8710 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
8712 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8718 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8732 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8742 =item subpragma access
8748 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8762 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8773 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8783 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8793 =item Adding directories to @INC
8795 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8797 =item Restoring original @INC
8811 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8822 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
8830 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8832 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8838 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8850 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8860 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8862 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8864 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8866 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8868 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8870 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8872 =item Overloadable Operations
8874 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8875 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8876 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8878 =item Inheritance and overloading
8880 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8881 is inherited by derived classes
8885 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8893 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8895 =item Copy Constructor
8901 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8903 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8904 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8905 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8908 =item Losing overloading
8910 =item Run-time Overloading
8912 =item Public functions
8914 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8916 =item Overloading constants
8918 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8920 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8922 =item Metaphor clash
8928 =item Two-face scalars
8930 =item Two-face references
8932 =item Symbolic calculator
8934 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8942 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8943 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8949 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8959 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8971 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8973 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8977 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8981 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8989 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
9001 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
9009 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9013 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9023 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9032 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9033 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();, async
9038 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9042 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
9043 not threadsafe, will not be
9045 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9051 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9052 structures between threads
9064 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9065 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9077 =head2 threadshared::queue, threads::shared::queue - thread-safe queues
9085 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
9087 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
9093 =head2 threadshared::semaphore, threads::shared::semaphore - thread-safe
9102 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
9104 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
9108 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9119 =item Utility functions
9121 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
9122 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9131 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9141 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9149 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9153 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9161 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9162 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9163 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9164 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9165 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9169 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9179 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9181 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9191 =item DBM Comparisons
9201 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9211 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9215 =item Typed lexicals
9217 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9219 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9221 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9223 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9231 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9232 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9233 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9234 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9235 be able to apply END handler>
9245 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9255 =item Subroutine Stubs
9257 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9259 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9261 =item Package Lexicals
9263 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9265 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9275 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9283 $keep, $check, $modtime
9287 =item Multiple packages
9295 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9303 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9307 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9315 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9329 =item B::PVMG METHODS
9333 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
9335 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9337 =item B::PVLV METHODS
9339 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9343 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9347 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9348 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9352 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9353 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9357 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
9361 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
9366 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9368 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9372 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9374 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9378 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9382 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9386 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9390 =item B::PMOP METHODS
9392 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9393 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9395 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9399 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9403 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9407 =item B::LOOP METHODS
9409 redoop, nextop, lastop
9411 =item B::COP METHODS
9413 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
9417 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
9419 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
9420 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
9421 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
9422 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
9423 cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9429 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9438 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9444 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9456 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9476 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9486 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9487 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9488 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9498 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9508 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9509 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9510 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9521 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9531 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9532 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9533 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9545 =item Context of ".."
9549 =item Deprecated features
9557 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9569 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9570 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9571 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9573 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9575 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9576 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9577 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9578 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9579 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9580 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9581 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9582 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9588 =item OP flags abbreviations
9590 =item OP class abbreviations
9594 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9600 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9612 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9622 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9623 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9625 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9635 =item ambient_pragmas
9637 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9649 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9661 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9669 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9671 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9672 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9674 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9684 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9694 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9702 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9714 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9726 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9728 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9740 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9750 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
9758 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9778 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9792 =item Standard Exports
9794 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9795 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9796 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9798 =item Optional Exports
9800 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9801 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9802 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9818 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9822 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9836 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9846 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9847 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9848 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9858 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9870 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9872 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9874 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9876 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9878 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9880 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9882 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9884 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9886 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9888 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9890 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9892 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9894 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9896 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9898 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9900 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9902 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9904 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9905 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9909 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9910 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9913 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9915 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9916 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9921 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9925 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9927 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9929 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9931 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9933 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9935 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9937 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9939 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9940 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9942 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9946 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9950 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9952 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9954 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9956 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9958 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9960 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9961 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9963 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9967 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9971 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9973 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9975 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9977 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9981 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9983 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9985 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9989 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9991 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9995 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9999 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
10003 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
10007 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
10011 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
10013 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
10015 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
10019 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
10023 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
10029 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
10030 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
10032 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
10034 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
10035 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
10038 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10044 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10048 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10050 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10051 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
10052 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10053 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
10054 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10056 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10058 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
10063 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
10065 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
10067 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
10068 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
10070 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
10072 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10076 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
10077 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10078 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10079 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10080 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10081 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10082 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10083 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10084 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10085 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10086 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10087 ...and many many more..
10089 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10097 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10107 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10115 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10124 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10126 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10130 =item Changing the default message
10134 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10144 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10152 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10154 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10158 =item Creating New Cookies
10160 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10162 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10164 =item Manipulating Cookies
10166 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10170 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10178 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10186 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10188 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10190 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10192 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10194 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10196 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10200 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10208 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10218 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10220 =item Customizing the Indenting
10232 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10240 =item USING CGI::Push
10242 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10246 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10248 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10252 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10254 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10262 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10272 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10280 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10288 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10294 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10304 =item Interactive Mode
10306 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10307 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10308 distribution, ls author, Signals
10316 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10318 =item Programmer's interface
10320 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10322 =item Methods in the other Classes
10324 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10325 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10326 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10327 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10328 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10329 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10330 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10331 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10332 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10333 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10334 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10335 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10336 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10337 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10338 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10339 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10340 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10341 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10342 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10343 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10344 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10345 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10346 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10347 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10348 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10349 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10351 =item Cache Manager
10355 =item Prerequisites
10357 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10361 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10365 =item CONFIGURATION
10367 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10368 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10369 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10370 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10374 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10376 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10384 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10386 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10390 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10392 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10394 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10400 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10412 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10422 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10435 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10445 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10453 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10455 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10465 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10466 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10467 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10469 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10477 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10487 =item The C<struct()> function
10489 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10491 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10493 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10494 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10496 =item Initializing with C<new>
10502 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10504 =item Author and Modification History
10508 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10516 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10528 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10532 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10533 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10534 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10535 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10539 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10543 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10544 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10545 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10546 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10547 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10548 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10549 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10553 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10554 C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
10555 C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
10556 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
10557 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
10558 C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
10559 C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
10560 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
10561 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
10562 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
10563 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
10564 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
10565 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
10566 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
10567 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
10568 C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>,
10569 C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
10570 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
10571 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
10572 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>,
10573 C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
10574 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>,
10575 C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>,
10576 C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
10577 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>,
10578 C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
10579 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
10580 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>,
10581 C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>,
10582 C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>,
10583 C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
10584 C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>,
10585 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>,
10586 C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
10587 C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>,
10588 C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
10589 C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
10590 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
10591 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
10592 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
10593 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
10594 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
10595 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
10596 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
10597 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
10598 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
10599 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
10600 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
10601 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
10602 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
10603 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
10604 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
10605 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
10606 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
10607 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
10608 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
10609 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
10610 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
10611 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
10612 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
10613 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
10614 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
10615 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
10616 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
10617 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
10618 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
10619 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
10620 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
10621 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>,
10622 C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
10623 C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10624 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10625 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10626 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10627 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10628 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
10629 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
10630 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
10631 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
10632 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
10633 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
10634 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
10635 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
10636 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
10637 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
10638 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
10639 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
10640 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10641 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10642 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
10646 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
10647 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
10648 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
10649 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10653 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10654 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10659 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
10660 C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
10661 C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
10662 C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
10663 C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
10664 C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
10665 C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
10666 C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
10667 C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>,
10672 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10676 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10677 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
10678 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
10679 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10680 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10681 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10682 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10683 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10684 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10685 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10686 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10687 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10688 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10689 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10690 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10691 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10692 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10693 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10694 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10695 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10696 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10697 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10698 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10699 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10703 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10707 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10708 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10709 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10710 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10711 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
10712 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
10717 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10718 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10719 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10723 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10724 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10728 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10729 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10730 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
10731 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
10732 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10736 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10737 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10741 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10742 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10746 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10747 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10748 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10749 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10753 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10757 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
10758 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
10759 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10763 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10764 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
10765 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
10766 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
10767 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
10768 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
10769 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
10770 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10771 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10772 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10773 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10774 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10775 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
10776 C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
10777 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
10778 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
10779 C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10783 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10784 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
10789 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10790 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10791 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10792 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10793 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10794 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10795 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10796 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10797 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10801 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10802 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10803 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10804 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10808 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10812 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10824 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10834 =item getcwd and friends
10836 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10838 =item abs_path and friends
10840 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10852 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10864 =item Global Variables
10866 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10867 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10872 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10873 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10875 =item Client Callback Methods
10877 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10878 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10879 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10889 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10897 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10901 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10903 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10905 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10907 =item Default Parameters
10909 =item In Memory Databases
10917 =item A Simple Example
10925 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10927 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10929 =item The get_dup() Method
10931 =item The find_dup() Method
10933 =item The del_dup() Method
10935 =item Matching Partial Keys
10943 =item The 'bval' Option
10945 =item A Simple Example
10947 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10949 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10950 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10951 length, elements);>
10953 =item Another Example
10957 =item THE API INTERFACE
10959 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10960 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10961 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10962 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10966 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10967 B<filter_fetch_value>
10973 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10975 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10979 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10983 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10985 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10987 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10989 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10991 =item The untie() Gotcha
10995 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10999 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
11001 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
11003 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
11005 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
11025 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
11026 printing and C<eval>
11038 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
11039 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
11040 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
11047 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
11049 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11050 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11051 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11052 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11053 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11054 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11055 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11056 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11057 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11058 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11059 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11060 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11061 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11062 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11063 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
11083 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11091 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11103 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
11125 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11135 =item Runtime debugging
11137 =item Memory footprint debugging
11145 =item A simple scalar string
11147 =item A simple scalar number
11149 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11151 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11153 =item A reference to an array
11155 =item A reference to a hash
11157 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11159 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11161 =item A reference to a subroutine
11175 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11185 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11193 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11197 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11198 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
11199 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11207 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11217 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11221 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
11222 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11234 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11246 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11258 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11259 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11260 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11265 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11266 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11272 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11280 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11281 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11282 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11283 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11290 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11303 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11311 =item Table of Contents
11323 =item PERL ENCODING API
11325 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11326 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11327 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11332 =item Listing available encodings
11334 =item Defining Aliases
11338 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11340 =item Handling Malformed Data
11342 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11343 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11344 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11345 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11350 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11354 =item Defining Encodings
11356 =item The UTF-8 flag
11358 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11362 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11364 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11374 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11382 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11387 =item Alias overloading
11395 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11409 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11411 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11427 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11429 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11431 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11445 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11455 =item Methods you should implement
11457 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11459 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11461 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11463 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11467 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11471 =item Compiled Encodings
11477 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11481 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11491 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11492 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11493 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11503 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
11513 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
11521 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11523 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
11525 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
11539 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
11541 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
11557 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
11563 =item How does it work?
11571 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11579 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
11587 =item Encoding Names
11591 =item Supported Encodings
11595 =item Built-in Encodings
11597 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11599 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11601 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11602 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11604 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11606 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11607 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11608 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11610 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11612 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11616 =item Unsupported encodings
11618 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11619 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11620 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11621 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11623 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11625 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11629 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11631 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11637 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11638 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11645 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11646 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11650 =item Other Notable Sites
11652 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11653 "Introduction to i18n"
11655 =item Offline sources
11657 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11663 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
11677 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
11693 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
11701 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
11703 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
11709 =item by endianness
11711 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
11715 =item Surrogate Pairs
11721 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
11730 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11735 =item Alias overloading
11743 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
11744 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11746 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
11749 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
11752 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
11753 Implementation Base Class
11763 =item Methods you should implement
11765 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11767 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11769 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11771 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11775 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11779 =item Compiled Encodings
11785 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11789 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
11800 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11801 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11802 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11812 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
11813 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11815 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
11818 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
11821 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
11822 and 'Q' header encoding
11838 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
11839 on Encode and PerlIO
11845 =item How does it work?
11853 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11861 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
11862 supported by Encode
11870 =item Encoding Names
11874 =item Supported Encodings
11878 =item Built-in Encodings
11880 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11882 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11884 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11885 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11887 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11889 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11890 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11891 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11893 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11895 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11899 =item Unsupported encodings
11901 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11902 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11903 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11904 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11906 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11908 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11912 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11914 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11920 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11921 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11928 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11929 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11933 =item Other Notable Sites
11935 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11936 "Introduction to i18n"
11938 =item Offline sources
11940 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11946 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11952 use Encode::Encoder;
11953 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11954 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11956 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11957 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11958 # you can stack them!
11959 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11960 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11961 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11963 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11965 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11973 =item Predefined Methods
11975 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11976 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11977 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11979 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11981 =item Operator Overloading
11989 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
11990 non-ascii or non-utf8
12000 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
12001 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
12009 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
12013 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
12015 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
12017 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
12019 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
12025 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12031 use Encode::Encoder;
12032 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
12033 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
12035 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
12036 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
12037 # you can stack them!
12038 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
12039 # you can use it as a decoder as well
12040 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
12042 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
12044 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
12052 =item Predefined Methods
12054 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12055 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12056 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12058 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12060 =item Operator Overloading
12068 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
12081 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12096 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12112 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12122 =item How to Export
12124 =item Selecting What To Export
12126 =item How to Import
12128 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12132 =item Advanced features
12136 =item Specialised Import Lists
12138 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12140 =item Module Version Checking
12142 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12144 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12146 =item Generating combined tags
12148 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12154 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12164 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12185 mv source... destination
12187 cp source... destination
12205 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12217 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12227 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12235 perl_stringify NAME
12239 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12241 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12245 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12253 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12256 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12258 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12260 WriteMakefileSnippet
12262 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12263 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12271 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12283 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12284 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12294 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12304 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12316 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12317 packlist(), version()
12325 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12333 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12334 dynamic extensions at load time
12340 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12350 =item VMS implementation
12352 =item Win32 implementation
12360 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12370 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12378 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12382 =item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED>
12396 file_name_is_absolute
12406 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12420 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12421 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12433 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12434 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12442 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
12446 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12456 =item Overridden methods
12458 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12472 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12473 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12515 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12516 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12532 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12533 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12547 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12557 =item Overridden methods
12559 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12573 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12587 =item SelfLoaded methods
12639 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
12687 maybe_command_in_dirs
12711 post_initialize (o)
12725 replace_manpage_separator
12739 test_via_harness (override)
12741 test_via_script (override)
12771 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12772 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12782 =item Methods always loaded
12794 guess_name (override)
12798 find_perl (override)
12800 maybe_command (override)
12802 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
12804 perl_script (override)
12806 replace_manpage_separator
12808 init_main (override)
12810 init_others (override)
12812 constants (override)
12816 const_cccmd (override)
12818 pm_to_blib (override)
12820 tool_autosplit (override)
12822 tool_sxubpp (override)
12824 xsubpp_version (override)
12826 tools_other (override)
12836 top_targets (override)
12840 dynamic_lib (override)
12842 dynamic_bs (override)
12844 static_lib (override)
12846 manifypods (override)
12848 processPL (override)
12850 installbin (override)
12852 subdir_x (override)
12856 realclean (override)
12858 dist_core (override)
12860 dist_test (override)
12864 perldepend (override)
12866 makefile (override)
12868 find_tests (override)
12872 makeaperl (override)
12874 nicetext (override)
12876 prefixify (override)
12878 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12879 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12901 tool_autosplit (override)
12917 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
12927 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
12937 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
12947 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
12949 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
12957 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
12961 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
12963 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
12965 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
12967 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
12969 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
12970 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
12971 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST,
12972 FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
12973 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
12974 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR,
12975 INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
12976 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
12977 INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A,
12978 LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
12979 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE,
12980 PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK,
12981 PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS,
12982 PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX,
12983 PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP,
12984 TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
12985 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
12987 =item Additional lowercase attributes
12989 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
12992 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
12994 =item Hintsfile support
12996 =item Distribution Support
12998 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
12999 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
13000 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
13002 =item Disabling an extension
13008 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
13016 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
13024 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
13028 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
13032 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
13033 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
13037 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
13045 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
13057 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
13067 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
13076 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
13084 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13096 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13104 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13114 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13126 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13136 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13140 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
13148 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
13152 C<basename>, C<dirname>
13156 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
13170 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
13184 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
13194 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
13196 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
13208 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
13218 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
13230 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
13238 B<find>, B<finddepth>
13244 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
13245 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
13246 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
13248 =item The wanted function
13250 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
13251 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
13252 pathname to the file
13260 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
13268 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
13276 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
13277 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
13278 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
13282 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
13290 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
13302 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
13312 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
13313 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
13314 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
13322 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
13332 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
13350 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
13368 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
13396 file_name_is_absolute
13418 =head2 File::Spec::NW5 - methods for NW5 file specs
13456 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
13466 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
13499 file_name_is_absolute
13521 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
13537 =item Methods always loaded
13539 canonpath (override)
13557 case_tolerant (override)
13561 file_name_is_absolute (override)
13563 splitpath (override)
13565 splitdir (override)
13579 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
13609 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
13633 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
13647 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
13657 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
13665 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
13673 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
13675 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
13687 =item Temporary files and NFS
13699 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
13713 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
13721 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
13729 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
13737 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
13743 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
13757 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
13759 =item All-in-one interface
13761 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
13763 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
13766 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
13768 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
13769 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
13770 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
13772 described in the previous section.
13774 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
13776 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
13788 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
13798 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
13802 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
13804 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
13812 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
13814 =item Example 2: Using the context
13816 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
13818 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
13822 =item Filter::Simple
13830 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
13838 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
13850 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
13866 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
13874 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
13876 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
13880 =item Simple options
13882 =item A little bit less simple options
13884 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
13886 =item Options with values
13888 =item Options with multiple values
13890 =item Options with hash values
13892 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
13894 =item Options with multiple names
13896 =item Case and abbreviations
13898 =item Summary of Option Specifications
13900 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
13905 =item Advanced Possibilities
13909 =item Object oriented interface
13911 =item Documentation and help texts
13913 =item Storing options in a hash
13917 =item The lonesome dash
13919 =item Argument callback
13923 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
13925 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
13926 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
13927 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
13928 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
13929 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
13931 =item Return values and Errors
13937 =item Default destinations
13939 =item Alternative option starters
13941 =item Configuration variables
13945 =item Trouble Shooting
13949 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
13951 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
13954 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
13956 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
13962 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13966 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
13977 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
13987 =item Restricted hashes
13989 lock_keys, unlock_keys
13995 lock_value, unlock_value
13997 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
14007 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
14018 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
14029 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
14031 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
14033 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14035 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14037 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
14039 the function super_languages($lang1)
14041 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
14043 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
14045 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
14047 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
14051 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
14053 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
14063 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
14071 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
14073 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
14075 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
14076 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
14077 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
14078 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
14079 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
14080 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
14081 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
14082 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
14083 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
14084 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
14085 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
14086 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
14087 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
14088 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
14089 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
14090 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
14091 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
14092 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
14093 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
14094 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
14095 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
14096 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
14097 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
14098 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
14099 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
14100 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
14101 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
14102 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
14103 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
14104 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
14105 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
14106 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
14107 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
14108 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
14109 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
14110 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
14111 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
14112 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
14113 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
14114 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
14115 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
14116 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
14117 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
14118 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
14119 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
14120 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
14121 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
14122 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
14123 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
14124 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
14125 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
14126 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
14127 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
14128 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14129 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
14130 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
14131 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
14132 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
14133 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
14134 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
14135 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
14136 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
14137 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
14138 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
14139 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
14140 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
14141 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
14142 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
14143 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
14144 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
14145 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
14146 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
14147 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
14148 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
14149 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
14150 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
14151 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
14152 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
14153 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
14154 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
14155 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
14156 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
14157 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
14158 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
14159 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
14160 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
14161 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
14162 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
14163 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
14164 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
14165 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
14166 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
14167 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
14168 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
14169 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
14170 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
14171 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
14172 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
14173 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
14174 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
14175 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
14176 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
14177 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
14178 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
14179 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
14180 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
14181 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
14182 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
14183 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
14184 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
14185 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
14186 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
14187 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
14188 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
14189 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
14190 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
14191 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
14192 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
14193 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
14197 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14203 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
14221 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14225 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
14235 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
14243 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14244 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14254 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14264 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14268 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14276 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
14286 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14290 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14291 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14292 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14293 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14305 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14315 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14319 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14329 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14339 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14340 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14350 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
14358 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14359 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14368 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
14378 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14382 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14383 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14384 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14394 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
14408 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14409 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14419 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
14435 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14448 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
14462 hostpath(), peerpath()
14472 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
14481 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14482 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14492 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14502 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14506 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14514 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
14525 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14529 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14530 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14531 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14532 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14544 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14554 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14558 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14568 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14578 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14579 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14589 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
14598 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14599 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14608 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
14619 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14623 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14624 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14625 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14635 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
14650 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14651 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14661 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
14662 AF_INET domain sockets
14678 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14691 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
14692 AF_UNIX domain sockets
14706 hostpath(), peerpath()
14716 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14726 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14727 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14738 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
14752 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
14765 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
14775 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14776 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14777 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14788 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
14806 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14816 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14817 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14828 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
14839 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14840 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14841 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14852 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
14860 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14861 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14865 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14871 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
14872 general-utility list subroutines
14880 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14881 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14885 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14891 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
14892 general-utility scalar subroutines
14900 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
14901 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14911 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
14919 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14923 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
14931 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
14939 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14941 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14943 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14944 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14946 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14948 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
14950 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
14956 =item rename_country
14964 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14968 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
14969 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
14970 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
14971 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
14979 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
14980 identification (ISO 4217)
14990 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14992 code2currency(), currency2code()
14994 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14996 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
15000 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15004 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
15005 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
15013 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
15022 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15024 code2language(), language2code()
15026 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15028 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
15032 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15036 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
15037 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
15045 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
15053 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15059 =item Construction Methods
15061 =item The "maketext" Method
15063 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
15065 =item Utility Methods
15067 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
15068 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
15069 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
15070 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
15072 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
15076 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
15078 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
15080 =item BRACKET NOTATION
15082 =item AUTO LEXICONS
15084 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
15086 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
15090 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15096 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
15104 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
15108 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
15110 =item The Linguistic View
15112 =item Breaking gettext
15114 =item Replacing gettext
15116 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
15118 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
15120 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
15122 =item Buzzword: Concision
15124 =item The Devil in the Details
15126 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
15134 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
15142 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15146 =item SPECIAL CODES
15150 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15152 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15153 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15155 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15157 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
15161 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15165 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
15166 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
15174 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
15182 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
15186 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
15194 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
15195 of quoted-printable strings
15203 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15209 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
15218 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15224 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
15234 =item Canonical notation
15238 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
15240 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
15244 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
15245 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
15253 =item Autocreating constants
15259 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
15267 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
15275 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
15283 Canonical notation, Input, Output
15305 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
15307 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
15309 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
15310 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
15312 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
15398 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
15408 =item Rounding mode R
15410 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
15411 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
15412 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
15425 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
15433 =item Autocreating constants
15439 =item Alternative math libraries
15445 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
15453 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
15459 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
15463 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
15464 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
15465 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
15475 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
15485 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
15489 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
15491 the same terms as Perl itself.
15499 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
15521 =item denominator()
15523 $d = $x->denominator();
15533 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
15547 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
15560 =item STRINGIFICATION
15564 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
15570 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
15572 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
15580 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
15588 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
15594 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
15596 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
15600 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15602 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
15606 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
15608 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15610 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
15611 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
15615 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
15621 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
15631 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
15649 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
15651 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
15655 =item OTHER FACILITIES
15661 =item C<flush_cache>
15667 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
15669 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
15677 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15683 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
15692 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
15703 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
15715 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15723 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15731 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
15740 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
15749 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
15757 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
15765 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15771 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15775 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15779 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
15789 =item Enforcing redispatch
15791 =item Avoiding repetitions
15797 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15803 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
15813 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
15816 =item CLASS METHODS
15818 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
15819 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
15820 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
15830 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
15840 requires_firewall HOST
15842 =item NetConfig VALUES
15844 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
15845 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
15846 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
15850 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
15859 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
15867 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
15879 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
15883 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
15884 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
15885 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
15886 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
15887 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
15888 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
15889 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
15890 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
15891 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
15892 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
15893 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
15894 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
15895 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
15899 =item Methods for the adventurous
15905 =item THE dataconn CLASS
15907 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
15908 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
15910 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
15912 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
15914 =item REPORTING BUGS
15922 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
15930 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
15940 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
15944 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
15945 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
15946 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
15947 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
15948 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
15949 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
15950 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
15954 =item Extension methods
15956 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
15957 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
15958 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
15959 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
15968 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
15978 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
15990 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
15994 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
15995 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
15996 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
15997 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
16009 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
16021 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->source_verify( {
16022 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host
16023 [, $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [,
16038 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
16050 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
16054 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
16055 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
16056 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
16057 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
16058 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
16059 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
16072 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
16080 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
16081 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
16089 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
16106 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
16114 =item Where to get this document
16116 =item How to contribute to this document
16120 =item Author and Copyright Information
16128 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
16132 =item What is libnet ?
16134 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
16136 =item What other modules do I need ?
16138 =item What machines support libnet ?
16140 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
16144 =item Using Net::FTP
16148 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
16150 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
16152 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
16154 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
16157 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
16159 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
16161 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
16163 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
16165 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
16167 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
16170 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
16172 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
16175 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
16178 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
16182 =item Using Net::SMTP
16186 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
16189 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
16191 =item The verify method always returns true ?
16195 =item Debugging scripts
16199 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
16203 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
16207 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
16224 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
16239 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
16256 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
16264 =item THE .netrc FILE
16266 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
16271 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
16275 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
16285 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
16295 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16303 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
16311 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16317 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16321 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16325 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
16337 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
16339 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
16340 or optag, an operator set (opset)
16342 =item Opcode Functions
16344 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
16345 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
16346 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
16349 =item Manipulating Opsets
16351 =item TO DO (maybe)
16357 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
16359 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
16360 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
16361 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
16370 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
16379 a new namespace, an operator mask
16385 =item RECENT CHANGES
16387 =item Methods in class Safe
16389 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16390 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16391 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16392 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16394 =item Some Safety Issues
16396 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16404 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
16417 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
16431 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
16432 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
16433 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
16434 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
16435 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
16436 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
16437 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
16438 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
16439 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
16440 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
16441 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
16442 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
16443 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
16444 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
16445 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
16446 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
16447 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
16448 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
16449 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
16450 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
16451 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
16452 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
16453 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
16454 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
16455 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
16462 =item POSIX::SigAction
16466 =item POSIX::SigSet
16468 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
16470 =item POSIX::Termios
16472 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
16473 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
16474 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
16475 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
16476 values, c_oflag field values
16480 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
16484 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
16488 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
16542 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
16543 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
16547 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
16556 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw
16560 =item Defaults and how to override them
16570 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
16580 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
16588 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
16589 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
16590 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
16591 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
16592 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
16593 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
16594 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
16598 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
16604 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
16616 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
16622 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
16628 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
16640 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
16641 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
16642 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
16643 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
16644 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
16645 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
16646 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
16647 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
16652 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
16653 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
16654 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
16655 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
16656 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
16657 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
16661 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
16662 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
16674 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
16676 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
16679 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
16681 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
16683 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
16685 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
16687 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
16695 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
16707 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
16709 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
16716 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
16722 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
16724 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
16731 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
16743 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
16753 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
16754 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
16769 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
16782 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
16783 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
16789 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
16813 =item B<was_cutting()>
16819 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
16825 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
16831 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16837 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
16843 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16849 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
16855 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
16861 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16867 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16873 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
16879 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
16885 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16891 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16897 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
16903 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
16909 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16915 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
16921 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
16927 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16933 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16939 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
16945 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
16951 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
16957 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
16963 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
16969 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16975 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
16981 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16987 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
16999 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
17011 =item OBJECT METHODS
17019 =item Data Accessors
17035 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
17037 B<StartWithNewPage>
17051 =item Subclassed methods
17065 B<interior_sequence>
17081 =item Methods for headings
17089 =item Internal methods
17095 B<_replace_special_chars>
17097 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
17103 B<_clean_latex_commands>
17105 B<_split_delimited>
17121 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
17129 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
17134 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
17135 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
17136 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
17147 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17151 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
17161 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17165 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
17179 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
17187 $list-E<gt>indent()
17195 $list-E<gt>parent()
17201 =item Pod::Hyperlink
17203 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
17207 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
17209 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
17213 $link-E<gt>warning()
17215 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
17221 $link-E<gt>alttext()
17231 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
17237 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
17241 =item Pod::Cache::Item
17243 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
17247 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
17249 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
17251 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
17253 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
17255 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
17257 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
17259 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
17269 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
17281 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
17283 =item PARSING OPTIONS
17285 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
17286 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
17292 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17300 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17306 =item B<verbatim()>
17308 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17314 =item B<textblock()>
17316 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17322 =item B<interior_sequence()>
17328 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17340 =item B<initialize()>
17346 =item B<begin_pod()>
17352 =item B<begin_input()>
17358 =item B<end_input()>
17370 =item B<preprocess_line()>
17376 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
17382 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
17388 =item B<parse_text()>
17390 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
17391 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
17392 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
17398 =item B<interpolate()>
17404 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
17410 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
17416 =item B<parse_from_file()>
17422 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
17428 =item B<errorsub()>
17440 =item B<parseopts()>
17446 =item B<output_file()>
17452 =item B<output_handle()>
17458 =item B<input_file()>
17464 =item B<input_handle()>
17470 =item B<input_streams()>
17476 =item B<top_stream()>
17482 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17488 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
17494 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
17500 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
17508 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
17528 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
17541 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
17543 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
17549 =item OBJECT METHODS
17555 =item B<curr_headings()>
17567 =item B<add_selection()>
17573 =item B<clear_selections()>
17579 =item B<match_section()>
17585 =item B<is_selected()>
17591 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
17597 =item B<podselect()>
17599 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
17605 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17611 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
17617 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
17623 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
17635 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
17643 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
17647 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
17648 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
17649 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
17660 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17664 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
17678 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17682 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
17697 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17701 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
17702 text with format escapes
17716 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17720 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
17729 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
17738 =item Recommended Use
17746 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17750 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
17757 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17761 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
17765 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17769 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
17775 =item OVER AND ITEMS
17777 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
17780 =item FORMATTING CODES
17782 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
17790 =head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
17798 =head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
17806 =item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF
17812 foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2
17819 =item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
17821 =item TESTING URLs hyperlinking
17827 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
17835 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17841 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17845 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17849 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
17857 a new namespace, an operator mask
17863 =item RECENT CHANGES
17865 =item Methods in class Safe
17867 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17868 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17869 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17870 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17872 =item Some Safety Issues
17874 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17882 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
17890 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
17891 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
17901 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
17911 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
17921 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
17931 =item The __DATA__ token
17933 =item SelfLoader autoloading
17935 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
17937 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
17939 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
17941 =item Classes and inherited methods.
17945 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
17949 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
17959 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
17967 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
17968 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
17976 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
17977 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
17978 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
17979 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
17980 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
17984 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
17994 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
17998 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
18000 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
18002 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
18004 =item ERROR REPORTING
18012 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
18017 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
18018 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
18026 =item Storable magic
18036 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
18048 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
18062 =item Allowing fall-through
18064 =item Automating fall-through
18066 =item Alternative syntax
18068 =item Higher-order Operations
18084 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
18094 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
18106 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
18107 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18115 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18116 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18117 in 5.004_02), closelog
18127 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
18128 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18136 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18137 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18138 in 5.004_02), closelog
18148 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
18158 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
18159 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
18160 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
18164 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
18178 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
18194 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
18196 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18198 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18200 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
18208 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18216 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
18224 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
18234 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
18235 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
18243 =item Minimal set of supported functions
18245 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
18246 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
18248 =item Additional supported functions
18250 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
18260 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
18286 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
18290 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18300 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
18320 =item Setting up tests
18336 =item Running tests
18342 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
18344 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
18370 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
18382 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
18386 =item Test Status and Info
18394 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
18416 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
18426 =item The test script output
18428 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
18429 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
18434 =item Configuration variables.
18436 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
18440 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
18467 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
18468 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
18469 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
18470 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
18474 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
18475 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
18476 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
18490 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
18516 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
18526 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
18564 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
18580 B<_reset_file_state>
18600 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
18610 =item I love it when a plan comes together
18620 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
18660 =item Conditional tests
18666 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
18670 =item Comparison functions
18684 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
18694 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18696 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
18709 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
18733 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
18742 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
18750 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
18752 =item Where to start?
18756 =item Test the manual
18758 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
18760 =item Testing lots of values
18762 =item Informative names
18764 =item Skipping tests
18768 =item Testing with taint mode.
18780 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
18792 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
18802 =item General behaviour in list contexts
18806 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
18808 =item A note about prefixes
18810 =item C<extract_delimited>
18812 =item C<extract_bracketed>
18814 =item C<extract_tagged>
18816 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
18817 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
18819 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
18821 =item C<extract_quotelike>
18823 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
18825 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
18827 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
18829 =item C<extract_codeblock>
18831 =item C<extract_multiple>
18833 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
18839 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
18840 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
18841 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
18842 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
18843 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
18844 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
18845 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
18846 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
18847 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
18848 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
18849 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
18850 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
18855 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
18861 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
18876 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
18893 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
18908 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
18924 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
18936 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
18937 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
18938 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
18942 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
18950 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues (for old code only)
18960 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18962 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
18968 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores (for old code only)
18978 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18980 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
18984 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
18996 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
19006 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
19014 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
19015 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
19016 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
19017 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
19025 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
19045 =item Option Format
19049 =item Public Methods
19057 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
19061 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
19063 =item Deferred Writing
19067 =item Autodeferring
19075 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
19089 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
19098 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
19099 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
19100 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
19101 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
19103 =item MORE INFORMATION
19105 =item COMPATIBILITY
19109 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
19118 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
19119 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
19121 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
19123 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
19125 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
19127 =item MORE INFORMATION
19131 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
19139 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
19149 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
19167 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
19176 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
19178 =item MORE INFORMATION
19182 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
19194 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
19203 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
19204 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
19205 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
19206 getitimer ( $which )
19222 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
19230 =item IMPLEMENTATION
19236 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
19251 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
19266 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
19278 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
19286 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
19287 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
19291 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
19301 =item Constructor and Tailoring
19303 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
19304 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
19305 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
19307 =item Methods for Collation
19309 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
19310 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
19311 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
19312 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
19313 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
19314 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
19315 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
19316 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
19317 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
19319 =item Other Methods
19321 UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
19337 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/,
19338 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
19339 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19340 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L<Unicode::Normalize>
19344 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
19354 =item Normalization Forms
19356 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
19357 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
19358 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
19360 =item Decomposition and Composition
19362 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
19363 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
19364 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
19368 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
19369 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
19370 check($form_name, $string)>
19372 =item Character Data
19374 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
19375 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
19376 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
19377 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
19378 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
19379 C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
19380 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
19390 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19391 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
19395 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
19437 =item Blocks versus Scripts
19439 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
19441 =item Code Point Arguments
19467 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
19473 =item Implementation Note
19485 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
19500 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
19511 =item System Specifics
19525 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
19533 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
19535 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
19536 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
19537 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
19538 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
19539 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
19540 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
19541 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
19542 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
19543 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
19544 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
19545 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
19546 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
19547 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
19548 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
19549 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
19550 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
19551 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
19557 =head2 XS::APItest - Test the perl C API
19571 B<print_double>, B<print_long_double>, B<have_long_double>, B<print_nv>,
19572 B<print_iv>, B<print_uv>, B<print_int>, B<print_long>, B<print_float>
19580 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19584 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
19602 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
19614 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
19616 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
19617 don't all have manual pages yet:
19643 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob