4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
115 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
117 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
121 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
123 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
125 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
127 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
129 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
131 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
133 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
137 =item About the perlfaq documents
141 =item Where to get the perlfaq
143 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
145 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
152 =item Author and Copyright Information
156 =item Bundled Distributions
164 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
165 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
166 Initial Release: 11/March/97
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
188 =item Simple statements
190 =item Compound statements
198 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
202 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
204 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
210 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
224 =item Scalar value constructors
226 =item List value constructors
230 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
238 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
248 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
250 =item The Arrow Operator
252 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
256 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
258 =item Binding Operators
260 =item Multiplicative Operators
262 =item Additive Operators
264 =item Shift Operators
266 =item Named Unary Operators
268 =item Relational Operators
270 =item Equality Operators
274 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
276 =item C-style Logical And
278 =item C-style Logical Or
280 =item Range Operators
282 =item Conditional Operator
284 =item Assignment Operators
288 =item List Operators (Rightward)
294 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
296 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
298 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
300 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
302 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
304 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
305 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
306 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
307 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
309 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
311 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
312 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
313 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
314 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
319 =item Constant Folding
321 =item Bitwise String Operators
323 =item Integer Arithmetic
325 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
333 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
343 =item Private Variables via my()
345 =item Persistent Private Variables
347 =item Temporary Values via local()
349 =item Lvalue subroutines
351 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
353 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
355 =item When to Still Use local()
357 =item Pass by Reference
361 =item Constant Functions
363 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
367 =item Subroutine Attributes
375 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
383 =item Perl Functions by Category
385 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
386 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
387 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
388 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
389 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
390 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
391 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
392 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
393 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
394 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
399 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
401 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
402 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
403 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
404 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
405 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
406 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
407 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
408 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
409 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
410 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
411 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
412 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
413 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
414 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
415 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
416 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
417 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
418 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
419 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
420 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
421 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
422 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
423 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
424 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
425 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
426 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
427 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
428 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
429 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
430 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
431 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
432 next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module
433 LIST, no Module, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
434 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
435 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
436 EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
437 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
438 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
439 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
440 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
441 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
442 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
443 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
444 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
445 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
446 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
447 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
448 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
449 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
450 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
451 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
452 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
453 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
454 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
455 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
456 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
457 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
458 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
459 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
460 study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
461 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
462 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
463 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
464 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
465 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
466 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
467 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
468 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
469 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
470 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
471 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
472 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
473 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
474 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
480 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
486 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
494 =item Making References
496 =item Using References
514 =item Distribution Conditions
520 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
526 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
527 more elaborate constructs
531 =item COMMON MISTAKES
533 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
535 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
541 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
545 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
547 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
549 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
553 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
557 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
559 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
561 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
565 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
569 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
571 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
573 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
577 =item HASHES OF HASHES
581 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
583 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
585 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
589 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
593 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
595 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
597 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
609 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
619 =item Simple word matching
621 =item Using character classes
623 =item Matching this or that
625 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
627 =item Extracting matches
629 =item Matching repetitions
633 =item Search and replace
635 =item The split operator
643 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
647 =item Acknowledgments
653 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
661 =item Ordinary Paragraph
663 =item Verbatim Paragraph
665 =item Command Paragraph
667 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
668 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
669 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
670 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
672 =item Formatting Codes
674 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
675 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
676 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
677 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
678 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
679 (zero-effect) formatting code
683 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
685 =item Hints for Writing Pod
695 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
702 =item Pod Definitions
706 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
707 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
709 =item Pod Formatting Codes
711 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
712 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
713 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
714 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
715 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
716 contains non-breaking spaces
718 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
720 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
722 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
724 =item About =over...=back Regions
726 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
734 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
742 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
760 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
762 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
763 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
764 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
765 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
767 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
769 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
770 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
771 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
775 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
777 =item Numerical Traps
779 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
781 =item General data type traps
783 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
784 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
786 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
788 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
790 =item Precedence Traps
792 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
795 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
797 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
798 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
801 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
803 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
809 =item Interpolation Traps
811 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
812 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
818 =item Unclassified Traps
820 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
827 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
837 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
839 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
841 =item Location of Perl
843 =item Command Switches
845 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
846 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
847 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
848 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
849 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
850 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
851 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
857 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
858 :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
859 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
860 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
861 SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
865 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
873 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
881 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
883 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
885 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
889 =item Backward Compatibility
891 =item Category Hierarchy
895 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
907 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
915 =item Looking at data and -w and v
919 =item Stepping through code
921 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
923 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
941 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
947 =item The Perl Debugger
951 =item Debugger Commands
953 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
954 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
955 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
956 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
957 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
958 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
959 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
960 command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
961 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, @ file, H -number, q or
962 ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
964 =item Configurable Options
966 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
967 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
968 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
969 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
970 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
971 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
974 =item Debugger input/output
976 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
979 =item Debugging compile-time statements
981 =item Debugger Customization
983 =item Readline Support
985 =item Editor Support for Debugging
987 =item The Perl Profiler
991 =item Debugging regular expressions
993 =item Debugging memory usage
1001 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1009 =item Predefined Names
1011 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1012 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1013 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1014 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1015 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1016 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1017 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1018 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1019 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1020 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1021 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1022 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1023 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1024 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1025 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1026 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1027 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1028 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1029 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1030 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1031 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1032 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1033 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1034 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1035 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1036 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1037 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1038 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1039 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1040 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1042 =item Error Indicators
1044 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1052 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1060 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1062 =item Growing Your Own
1064 =item Access and Printing
1076 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1082 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1090 =item The Minus File
1092 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1098 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1102 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1106 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1110 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1112 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1114 =item Paths as Opens
1116 =item Single Argument Open
1118 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1122 =item Other I/O Issues
1126 =item Opening Non-File Files
1136 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1142 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1148 =item The Basic Principle
1152 =item Packing Numbers
1158 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1160 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1162 =item Floating point Numbers
1166 =item Exotic Templates
1178 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1182 =item Lengths and Widths
1186 =item String Lengths
1188 =item Dynamic Templates
1192 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1196 =item The Alignment Pit
1198 =item Alignment, Take 2
1200 =item Alignment, Take 3
1202 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1208 =item Funnies Section
1214 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1220 =item Part 1: The basics
1224 =item Simple word matching
1226 =item Using character classes
1228 =item Matching this or that
1230 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1232 =item Extracting matches
1234 =item Matching repetitions
1236 =item Building a regexp
1238 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1242 =item Part 2: Power tools
1246 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1248 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1250 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1252 =item Non-capturing groupings
1254 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1256 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1258 =item Conditional expressions
1260 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1262 =item Pragmas and debugging
1270 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1274 =item Acknowledgments
1280 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1290 =item Regular Expressions
1292 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1294 =item Extended Patterns
1296 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1297 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1298 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1299 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1303 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1305 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1307 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1309 =item Combining pieces together
1311 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1312 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1313 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1314 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1316 =item Creating custom RE engines
1326 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1336 =item Making References
1338 =item Using References
1340 =item Symbolic references
1342 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1344 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1346 =item Function Templates
1356 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1364 =item Format Variables
1374 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1382 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1390 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1392 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1394 =item Invoking a barnyard
1396 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1398 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1400 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1402 =item A few notes about @ISA
1404 =item Overriding the methods
1406 =item Starting the search from a different place
1408 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1410 =item Where we're at so far...
1412 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1414 =item Invoking an instance method
1416 =item Accessing the instance data
1418 =item How to build a horse
1420 =item Inheriting the constructor
1422 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1424 =item Adding parameters to a method
1426 =item More interesting instances
1428 =item A horse of a different color
1440 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1446 =item Creating a Class
1450 =item Object Representation
1452 =item Class Interface
1454 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1456 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1460 =item Other Object Methods
1468 =item Accessing Class Data
1470 =item Debugging Methods
1472 =item Class Destructors
1474 =item Documenting the Interface
1484 =item Overridden Methods
1486 =item Multiple Inheritance
1488 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1492 =item Alternate Object Representations
1496 =item Arrays as Objects
1498 =item Closures as Objects
1502 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1506 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1508 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1512 =item Metaclassical Tools
1518 =item Data Members as Variables
1526 =item Object Terminology
1532 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1538 =item Acknowledgments
1544 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1550 =item Class Data in a Can
1552 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1556 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1558 =item Inheritance Concerns
1560 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1562 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1564 =item Monadic Classes
1566 =item Translucent Attributes
1570 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1574 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1576 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1578 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1580 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1582 =item Translucency Revisited
1590 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1592 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1598 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1606 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1608 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1610 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1612 =item Method Invocation
1614 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1616 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1618 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1624 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1632 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1638 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1640 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1642 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1644 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1646 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1648 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1650 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1652 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1654 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1656 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1662 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1674 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1679 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1680 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1681 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1682 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1687 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1688 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1689 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1691 =item Tying FileHandles
1693 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1694 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1699 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1711 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1712 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1722 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
1730 =item Deferred Signals
1732 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals
1733 triggered by operating system state
1737 =item Using open() for IPC
1743 =item Background Processes
1745 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1747 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1749 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1751 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1755 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1759 =item Internet Line Terminators
1761 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1763 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1767 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1771 =item A Simple Client
1773 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1775 =item A Webget Client
1777 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1781 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1783 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1785 =item UDP: Message Passing
1799 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1809 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1811 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1812 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1813 files, directories and network sockets
1815 =item Resource limits
1817 =item Killing the parent process
1819 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1821 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1823 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1824 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1825 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1837 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1845 =item Storing numbers
1847 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1849 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1851 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1852 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1853 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1862 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1870 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1872 =item Threaded Program Models
1884 =item Native threads
1886 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1888 =item Threadsafe Modules
1894 =item Basic Thread Support
1896 =item Creating Threads
1898 =item Giving up control
1900 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1902 =item Ignoring A Thread
1906 =item Threads And Data
1910 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1912 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
1916 =item Synchronization and control
1920 =item Controlling access: lock()
1922 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1924 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1926 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1928 =item Basic semaphores
1930 =item Advanced Semaphores
1932 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
1936 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1940 =item What Thread Am I In?
1944 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1946 =item What Threads Are Running?
1950 =item A Complete Example
1952 =item Performance considerations
1954 =item Threadsafety of System Libraries
1962 =item Introductory Texts
1964 =item OS-Related References
1966 =item Other References
1970 =item Acknowledgements
1978 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1984 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1986 =item Threaded Program Models
1998 =item Native threads
2000 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2002 =item Threadsafe Modules
2008 =item Basic Thread Support
2010 =item Creating Threads
2012 =item Giving up control
2014 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2016 =item Errors In Threads
2018 =item Ignoring A Thread
2022 =item Threads And Data
2026 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2028 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2030 =item Controlling access: lock()
2032 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2034 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2038 =item Threads And Code
2042 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2044 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2046 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2048 =item Subroutine Locks
2052 =item Locking A Subroutine
2056 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2060 =item What Thread Am I In?
2064 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2066 =item What Threads Are Running?
2070 =item A Complete Example
2078 =item Introductory Texts
2080 =item OS-Related References
2082 =item Other References
2086 =item Acknowledgements
2094 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2100 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2109 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2111 =item Files and Filesystems
2113 =item System Interaction
2115 =item Command names versus file pathnames
2117 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2119 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2121 =item Standard Modules
2125 =item Character sets and character encoding
2127 =item Internationalisation
2129 =item System Resources
2139 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2140 http://testers.cpan.org/
2148 =item DOS and Derivatives
2156 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2164 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2168 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2170 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2171 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2172 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2173 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2174 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2175 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2176 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2177 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2178 getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
2179 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
2180 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
2181 EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
2182 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
2183 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
2184 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
2185 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
2186 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2187 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2188 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2189 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2190 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2191 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2192 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2193 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2194 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2200 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2201 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2202 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2203 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2204 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2205 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2207 =item Supported Platforms
2211 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2215 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2222 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2228 =item The use locale pragma
2230 =item The setlocale function
2232 =item Finding locales
2234 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2236 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2238 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2240 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2242 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2244 =item The localeconv function
2246 =item I18N::Langinfo
2250 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2254 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2256 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2258 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2260 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2264 =item Other categories
2272 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2273 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2279 =item Backward compatibility
2281 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2283 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2285 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2287 =item Freely available locale definitions
2291 =item An imperfect standard
2295 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2301 =item Broken systems
2311 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2321 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2323 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2325 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2327 =item Creating Unicode
2329 =item Handling Unicode
2331 =item Legacy Encodings
2335 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2339 =item Advanced Topics
2343 =item Questions With Answers
2345 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2347 =item Further Resources
2351 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2355 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2357 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2361 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2369 =item Important Caveats
2371 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2372 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2374 =item Byte and Character Semantics
2376 =item Effects of Character Semantics
2382 =item User-Defined Character Properties
2384 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
2386 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2388 =item Unicode Encodings
2390 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2392 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2396 =item Using Unicode in XS
2404 =item Interaction with Locales
2406 =item Interaction with Extensions
2416 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2422 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2430 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2434 =item 13 variant characters
2442 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2444 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2446 =item Unicode and UTF
2452 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2454 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2456 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2470 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2472 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2474 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2476 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2484 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2486 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2488 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2490 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2494 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2498 =item URL decoding and encoding
2500 =item uu encoding and decoding
2502 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2504 =item Caesarian ciphers
2508 =item Hashing order and checksums
2512 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2524 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2544 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2552 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2554 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2556 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2560 =item Protecting Your Programs
2570 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2582 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2588 =item Making your module threadsafe
2596 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2606 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2607 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2621 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2627 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2631 =item Pragmatic Modules
2633 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
2634 charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer,
2635 less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs,
2636 threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2638 =item Standard Modules
2640 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2641 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2642 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2643 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2644 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2645 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2646 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2647 Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2648 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
2649 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2650 ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
2651 ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2652 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2653 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2654 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2655 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2656 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2657 File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2658 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2659 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2660 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2661 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
2662 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2663 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2664 Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2665 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
2666 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
2667 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2668 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2669 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2670 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2671 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html,
2672 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils,
2673 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2674 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic,
2675 SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
2676 Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
2677 Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
2678 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
2679 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2680 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2681 Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2682 Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2683 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate,
2684 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2686 =item Extension Modules
2698 =item Central America
2710 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2714 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2716 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2718 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2726 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2732 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2736 =item Before you start
2744 =item Release considerations
2748 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2752 =item Has it been done before?
2754 =item Do one thing and do it well
2756 =item What's in a name?
2760 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2764 =item To OO or not to OO?
2766 =item Designing your API
2768 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2769 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2772 =item Strictness and warnings
2774 =item Backwards compatibility
2776 =item Error handling and messages
2780 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2786 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2790 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2794 =item Version numbering
2796 =item Pre-requisites
2806 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2810 =item Reinventing the wheel
2812 =item Trying to do too much
2814 =item Inappropriate documentation
2820 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2821 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2827 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2837 =item What should I make into a module?
2839 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2841 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2843 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2845 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2846 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2847 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2849 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2851 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2852 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2862 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
2863 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
2873 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2875 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2877 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2879 =item What is perl6?
2881 =item How stable is Perl?
2883 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2885 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2888 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2890 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2892 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2894 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2896 =item What is a JAPH?
2898 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2900 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2901 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2905 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2909 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $,
2910 $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
2918 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2920 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2922 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2924 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2927 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2928 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2930 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2931 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2933 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2935 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2937 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2939 =item Where should I post source code?
2943 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2945 =item Perl in Magazines
2947 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2949 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2951 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2953 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2955 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2957 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2961 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2965 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06
2974 =item How do I do (anything)?
2976 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2978 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2980 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2982 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2984 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2986 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2988 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2990 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2992 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
2993 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2994 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2996 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2998 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
3000 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
3002 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
3004 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
3006 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
3008 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
3010 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
3011 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
3013 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
3015 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3017 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3019 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3021 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3023 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3025 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3027 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3029 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3031 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3033 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3035 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3037 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3038 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3040 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3042 =item What's MakeMaker?
3046 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3050 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.24 $, $Date: 2002/05/20
3061 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3062 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3064 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3066 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3069 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3071 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
3072 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
3073 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
3074 from decimal to binary
3076 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3078 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3080 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3082 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3084 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3086 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3094 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
3096 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
3098 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3100 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3102 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3104 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3106 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3114 =item How do I validate input?
3116 =item How do I unescape a string?
3118 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3120 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3122 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3124 =item How do I reverse a string?
3126 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3128 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3130 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
3132 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3134 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3137 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3139 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3140 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3142 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3144 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3146 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3148 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3150 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3152 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3154 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3156 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3157 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3166 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3168 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3170 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3174 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3177 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3178 intersection of two arrays?
3180 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3182 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3184 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3186 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3188 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3190 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3192 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3194 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3196 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3198 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3200 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3204 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3208 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3210 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3213 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3215 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3217 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3219 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3221 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3223 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3225 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3227 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3229 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3231 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3233 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3236 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3237 array of hashes or arrays?
3239 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3247 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3249 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3251 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3253 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3255 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3257 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3259 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3263 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3267 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2002/05/23
3276 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3278 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3279 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3281 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3283 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3285 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3287 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3288 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3290 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3292 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3294 =item How can I write() into a string?
3296 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3298 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3300 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3302 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3304 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3306 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3308 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3310 =item How can I lock a file?
3312 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3314 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3315 the file. How can I do this?
3317 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3318 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3320 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3322 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3324 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3326 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3328 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3330 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3332 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3334 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3336 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3338 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3340 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3342 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3343 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3345 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3347 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3348 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3350 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3352 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3356 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3360 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.11 $, $Date: 2002/05/23
3369 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3370 and unmaintainable code?
3372 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3374 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3376 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3379 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3381 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3384 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3386 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3388 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3390 =item What is C</o> really for?
3392 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3395 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3397 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3399 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3401 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3403 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3405 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3407 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3409 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3411 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3413 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3415 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3417 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3419 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3423 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3427 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
3428 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)
3436 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3438 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3441 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3444 =item How do I skip some return values?
3446 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3448 =item What's an extension?
3450 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3452 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3454 =item How do I create a module?
3456 =item How do I create a class?
3458 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3460 =item What's a closure?
3462 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3464 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3467 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3470 =item How do I create a static variable?
3472 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3473 Between local() and my()?
3475 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3478 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3480 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3482 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3484 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3486 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3488 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3490 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3492 =item How can I find out my current package?
3494 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3496 =item How do I clear a package?
3498 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3502 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3506 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16
3515 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3517 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3519 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3521 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3523 =item How do I print something out in color?
3525 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3527 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3529 =item How do I clear the screen?
3531 =item How do I get the screen size?
3533 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3535 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3537 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3539 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3541 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3543 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3545 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3547 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3549 =item How do I set the time and date?
3551 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3553 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3555 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3557 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3558 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3560 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3562 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3564 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3566 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3568 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3570 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3572 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3574 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3576 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3578 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3581 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3583 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3585 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3587 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3590 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3591 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3592 changes to be visible?
3596 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3599 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3601 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3603 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3605 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3607 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3609 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3611 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3613 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3615 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3617 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3619 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3621 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3624 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3626 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3630 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3634 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13
3643 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3645 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3648 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3650 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3652 =item How do I extract URLs?
3654 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3655 file on another machine?
3657 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3659 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3661 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3663 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3665 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3667 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3669 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3671 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3672 CGI script to do bad things?
3674 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3676 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3678 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3680 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3682 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3684 =item How do I send mail?
3686 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3688 =item How do I read mail?
3690 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3692 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3694 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3696 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3700 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3704 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3714 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3718 =item Using The Back Ends
3722 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3726 =item The Decompiling Back End
3728 =item The Lint Back End
3730 =item The Simple C Back End
3732 =item The Bytecode Back End
3734 =item The Optimized C Back End
3738 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3740 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3741 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3742 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3744 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3750 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3760 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3761 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3765 =item Compiling your C program
3767 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3769 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3771 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3773 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3775 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3777 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3779 =item Execution of END blocks
3781 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3783 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3788 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3798 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3804 =item Debugger Internals
3808 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3812 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3814 =item Debugging regular expressions
3818 =item Compile-time output
3820 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3821 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3822 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3825 =item Types of nodes
3827 =item Run-time output
3831 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3835 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3837 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3838 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3841 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3843 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3845 =item B<-DL> details
3849 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3857 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3869 =item Version caveat
3871 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3883 =item What has gone on?
3885 =item Writing good test scripts
3889 =item What's new here?
3891 =item Input and Output Parameters
3893 =item The XSUBPP Program
3895 =item The TYPEMAP file
3897 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3901 =item What has happened here?
3903 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3905 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3907 =item More about XSUB arguments
3909 =item The Argument Stack
3911 =item Extending your Extension
3913 =item Documenting your Extension
3915 =item Installing your Extension
3919 =item New Things in this Example
3923 =item New Things in this Example
3925 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3927 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3929 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
3931 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3947 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3959 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3961 =item The Argument Stack
3963 =item The RETVAL Variable
3965 =item The MODULE Keyword
3967 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3969 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3971 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3973 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3975 =item The CODE: Keyword
3977 =item The INIT: Keyword
3979 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3981 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3983 =item Default Parameter Values
3985 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3987 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3989 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3991 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3993 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
3995 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3997 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3999 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4001 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4003 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4005 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4007 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4009 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4011 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4013 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4015 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4017 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4019 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4021 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4023 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4025 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4027 =item The CASE: Keyword
4029 =item The & Unary Operator
4031 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4033 =item Using XS With C++
4035 =item Interface Strategy
4037 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4041 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4043 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4055 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4065 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4067 =item File Operations
4069 =item File Input and Output
4071 =item File Positioning
4073 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4075 =item Character Class Tests
4077 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4079 =item Miscellaneous functions
4087 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4099 =item What is an "IV"?
4101 =item Working with SVs
4105 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4107 =item Working with AVs
4109 =item Working with HVs
4111 =item Hash API Extensions
4115 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4117 =item Creating New Variables
4119 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4121 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4123 =item Stashes and Globs
4125 =item Double-Typed SVs
4127 =item Magic Variables
4129 =item Assigning Magic
4131 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4135 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4137 =item Localizing changes
4139 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4140 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4141 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4142 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4143 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4144 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4145 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4146 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4147 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4148 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4156 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4158 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4160 =item Memory Allocation
4164 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4168 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4178 =item Examining the tree
4180 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4182 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4184 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4186 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4188 =item Pluggable runops
4192 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4194 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4198 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4200 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4202 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4204 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4206 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4210 =item Internal Functions
4212 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4216 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4218 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4220 =item Source Documentation
4224 =item Unicode Support
4228 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4230 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4232 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4234 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4236 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4238 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4242 =item Custom Operators
4250 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4256 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4258 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4260 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4280 =item Determining the Context
4284 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4290 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4292 =item Passing Parameters
4294 =item Returning a Scalar
4296 =item Returning a list of values
4298 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4300 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4304 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4308 =item Using call_argv
4310 =item Using call_method
4314 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4316 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4318 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4319 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4322 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4324 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4336 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4346 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4347 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4348 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4349 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4353 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4355 =item Administration
4357 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4361 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4362 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4370 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4380 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4382 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4384 B<Decryption Filters>
4386 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4388 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4390 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4402 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4410 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4411 B<filter_fetch_value>
4417 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4419 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4429 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4435 =item "Gimme" Values
4437 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4439 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4441 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4442 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4443 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4445 =item Callback Functions
4447 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4448 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4450 =item Character classes
4452 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4454 =item Cloning an interpreter
4458 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4460 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4462 =item Embedding Functions
4464 load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4465 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4467 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4469 pack_cat, unpack_str
4471 =item Global Variables
4473 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4477 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4478 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4482 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4484 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4486 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4487 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4488 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4489 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4490 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4492 =item Magical Functions
4494 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4495 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4496 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4498 =item Memory Management
4500 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4501 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4503 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4505 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4506 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4508 =item Numeric functions
4510 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4513 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4515 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4517 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4519 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4520 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4521 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4522 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4523 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4527 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4529 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4531 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4532 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4533 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4534 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4535 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4536 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4537 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4538 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4539 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4540 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4541 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4542 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
4543 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
4544 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4545 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4546 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4547 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4548 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
4549 sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4550 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4551 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4552 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
4553 sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
4554 sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
4555 sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4556 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4557 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
4558 sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
4559 sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
4560 sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
4561 sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode,
4562 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags,
4563 sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4565 =item Unicode Support
4567 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4568 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4569 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4570 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4571 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4573 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4575 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4576 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4578 =item Warning and Dieing
4588 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4595 =item Global Variables
4597 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4608 =item Pad Data Structures
4612 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4616 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4618 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4626 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4636 =item History and Background
4638 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4640 =item Data Structures
4642 =item Functions and Attributes
4644 =item Per-instance Data
4646 =item Layers in action.
4648 =item Per-instance flag bits
4650 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4651 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4652 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4653 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4655 =item Methods in Detail
4657 name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS,
4658 PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, PERLIO_K_RAW, Pushed, Popped, Open, Getarg, Fileno, Dup,
4659 Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr,
4660 Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt
4664 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4666 =item Extension Layers
4668 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Via"
4676 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4684 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4685 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4686 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4687 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4688 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4689 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4690 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4691 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4692 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4693 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4694 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4698 =item Co-existence with stdio
4700 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4701 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4703 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4705 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4706 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4707 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4708 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4710 =item Other Functions
4712 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4713 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4719 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4725 =item To do during 5.6.x
4729 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4731 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4733 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4735 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4737 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4741 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4743 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
4745 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4747 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4749 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4751 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4753 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4755 =item Complete signal handling
4757 =item Out-of-source builds
4759 =item POSIX realtime support
4761 =item UNIX98 support
4765 =item Long double conversion
4769 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4771 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4773 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4775 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4777 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4779 =item Custom opcodes
4781 =item DLL Versioning
4783 =item Introduce @( and @)
4785 =item Floating point handling
4787 =item IV/UV preservation
4789 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4791 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4793 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4795 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4797 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4799 =item Document Win32 choices
4801 =item Check new modules
4803 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4807 =item To do at some point
4811 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4813 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4815 =item bitfields in pack
4817 =item Cross compilation
4819 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4821 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4823 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4825 =item -i rename file when changed
4827 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4829 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4831 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4833 =item my sub foo { }
4835 =item One-pass global destruction
4837 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4839 =item Cache recently used regexps
4841 =item Cross-compilation support
4843 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4845 =item debugger pragma
4847 =item use less pragma
4849 =item switch structures
4851 =item Cache eval tree
4855 =item Shrink opcode tables
4857 =item Optimize away @_
4859 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4863 =item Prototype method calls
4865 =item Return context prototype declarations
4869 =item Garbage collection
4873 =item Rewrite perldoc
4875 =item Install .3p manpages
4877 =item Unicode tutorial
4879 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4881 =item Retargetable installation
4883 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4885 =item Rename Win32 headers
4887 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4889 =item Update sprintf documentation
4891 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4893 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4895 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
4897 =item Should overload be inheritable?
4907 =item ref() in list context
4909 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4911 =item Compile to real threaded code
4913 =item Structured types
4915 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4917 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4921 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4925 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4927 =item Constant function cache
4929 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4937 =item Update guts documentation
4939 =item Add more tests
4941 =item Update auxiliary tools
4943 =item Create debugging macros
4945 =item truncate to the people
4947 =item Unicode in Filenames
4951 =item Recently done things
4955 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4957 =item Safe signal handling
4963 =item setitimer and getimiter
4965 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4967 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4969 =item Explicit switch statements
4977 =item perlcc to produce executable
4979 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4981 =item Secure temporary file module
4983 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4985 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4987 =item Mmap for input
4989 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4991 =item Add sockatmark support
4993 =item Mailing list archives
4997 =item Integrate MacPerl
4999 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5001 =item Regular expression tutorial
5003 =item Debugging Tutorial
5005 =item Integrate new modules
5007 =item Integrate profiler
5009 =item Y2K error detection
5011 =item Regular expression debugger
5015 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5017 =item Cache precompiled modules
5021 =item Deprecated Wishes
5025 =item Loop control on do{}
5027 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5033 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5035 =item Named prototypes
5037 =item Built-in globbing
5039 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5041 =item Cached hash values
5043 =item Add compression modules
5045 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5047 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5049 =item Make XS easier to use
5051 =item Make embedding easier to use
5055 =item my $Package::variable
5057 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5059 =item "class"-based lexicals
5063 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5065 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5067 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5069 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5075 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5081 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5082 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5083 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5084 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5085 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5086 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5087 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5091 =item Keeping in sync
5093 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5094 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5096 =item Why rsync the source tree
5098 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
5100 =item Why rsync the patches
5102 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5103 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5105 =item Perlbug remote interface
5107 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
5108 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
5110 =item Submitting patches
5112 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5113 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5115 =item Finding Your Way Around
5117 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5119 =item Elements of the interpreter
5121 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5123 =item Internal Variable Types
5129 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5131 =item Millions of Macros
5133 =item Poking at Perl
5135 =item Using a source-level debugger
5137 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5138 finish, 'enter', print
5140 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5144 =item Patching a core module
5146 =item Adding a new function to the core
5148 =item Writing a test
5150 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5151 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5153 =item Special Make Test Targets
5155 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
5156 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8
5160 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5164 =item Rational Software's Purify
5166 =item Purify on Unix
5168 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5172 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5174 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5176 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5180 =item Gprof Profiling
5182 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5184 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5186 =item Pixie Profiling
5188 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5191 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5195 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5203 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5211 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5223 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5225 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5229 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5237 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5239 =item Incompatible Changes
5243 =item Binary Incompatibility
5245 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5247 =item AIX Dynaloading
5249 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
5251 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5253 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5255 =item New Unicode Properties
5257 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5259 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5265 =item Core Enhancements
5269 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5271 =item Restricted Hashes
5275 =item Unicode Overhaul
5277 =item Understanding of Numbers
5279 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5283 =item Modules and Pragmata
5287 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5289 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5293 =item Utility Changes
5295 =item New Documentation
5297 =item Performance Enhancements
5299 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5303 =item Generic Improvements
5305 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5309 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5313 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5317 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5319 =item Changed Internals
5321 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5325 =item Known Problems
5333 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5335 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO8859-15 Locales
5337 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5339 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5341 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5343 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5345 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5347 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5351 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5357 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5359 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5371 =item XML::Parser not working
5375 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5377 =item Self-tying Problems
5379 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5381 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5383 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5385 =item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental
5387 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5391 =item Reporting Bugs
5399 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5405 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5407 =item Incompatible Changes
5411 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5413 =item AIX Dynaloading
5415 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5417 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5423 =item Core Enhancements
5425 =item Modules and Pragmata
5429 =item New Modules and Distributions
5431 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5435 =item Utility Changes
5437 =item New Documentation
5439 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5443 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5445 =item Generic Improvements
5449 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5453 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5457 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5459 =item Source Code Enhancements
5463 =item MAGIC constants
5465 =item Better commented code
5467 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5475 =item Known Problems
5481 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5483 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5485 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5487 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5489 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5491 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5495 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5497 =item Failure of Thread tests
5507 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5509 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5511 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5513 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5515 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5517 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5521 =item Reporting Bugs
5529 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5535 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5537 =item Incompatible Changes
5539 =item Core Enhancements
5543 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5545 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5547 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5551 =item Modules and Pragmata
5557 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5561 =item Performance Enhancements
5563 =item Utility Changes
5565 =item New Documentation
5581 =item README.solaris
5585 =item Porting/repository.pod
5589 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5593 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5595 =item Generic Improvements
5597 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5598 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5599 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5603 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5607 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5611 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5613 =item Changed Internals
5617 =item Known Problems
5621 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5623 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5625 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5627 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5631 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5633 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5635 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5637 =item Failure of Thread tests
5639 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5641 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5643 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5645 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5649 =item Reporting Bugs
5657 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5663 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5665 =item Incompatible Changes
5667 =item Core Enhancements
5669 =item Modules and Pragmata
5675 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5679 =item Utility Changes
5681 =item New Documentation
5683 =item Performance Enhancements
5685 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5689 =item Generic Improvements
5693 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5697 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5701 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5703 =item Changed Internals
5705 =item Known Problems
5709 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5711 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5713 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5715 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5717 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5719 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5721 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5723 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5725 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5727 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5731 =item Reporting Bugs
5739 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5745 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5749 =item Security Issues
5751 =item Core bug fixes
5753 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5754 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5755 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5756 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5757 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5758 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5763 =item Configuration issues
5767 =item Bundled modules
5769 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5770 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5771 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5772 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5774 =item Platform-specific improvements
5776 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5780 =item Core Enhancements
5784 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5786 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5788 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5790 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5792 =item "our" declarations
5794 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5796 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5798 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5800 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5802 =item open() with more than two arguments
5804 =item 64-bit support
5806 =item Large file support
5812 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5814 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5816 =item File globbing implemented internally
5818 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5820 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5822 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5824 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5826 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5828 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5830 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5832 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5834 =item Comments in pack() templates
5836 =item Weak references
5838 =item Binary numbers supported
5840 =item Lvalue subroutines
5842 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5844 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5846 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5848 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5850 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5852 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5854 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5856 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5858 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5860 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5862 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5864 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5866 =item Improved diagnostics
5868 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5870 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5872 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5874 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5876 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5878 =item Improved security features
5880 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5882 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5884 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5886 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5888 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5890 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5892 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5896 =item Modules and Pragmata
5902 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5903 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5904 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5905 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5906 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5907 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5908 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5909 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5915 =item Utility Changes
5929 =item The Perl Debugger
5933 =item Improved Documentation
5935 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5936 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5937 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5938 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5940 =item Performance enhancements
5944 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5946 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5948 =item Faster subroutine calls
5950 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5954 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5958 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5960 =item New Configure flags
5962 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5968 =item -Duselargefiles
5970 =item installusrbinperl
5976 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5978 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
5982 =item Platform specific changes
5986 =item Supported platforms
5990 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5998 =item Significant bug fixes
6002 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6004 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6006 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6008 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6010 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6012 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6014 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6016 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6018 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6020 =item Locale bugs fixed
6024 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6026 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6028 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6030 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6034 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6036 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6037 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6038 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6039 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6040 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6041 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6042 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6043 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6044 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6045 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6046 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6047 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6048 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6049 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6050 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6051 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6052 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6053 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6054 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6055 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6056 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6057 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6058 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6059 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6060 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6061 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6062 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6063 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6064 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6065 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6066 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6067 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6068 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6069 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6070 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6071 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6072 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6073 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6074 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6075 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6076 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6077 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6078 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6079 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6080 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6081 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6082 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6083 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6084 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6085 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6089 =item Incompatible Changes
6093 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6095 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6096 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6097 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6098 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6099 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6100 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6101 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6102 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6103 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6104 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6105 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6107 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6109 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6111 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6113 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6115 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6119 =item Known Problems
6123 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6125 =item Known test failures
6127 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6129 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6131 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6133 =item Experimental features
6135 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6136 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6137 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6141 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6143 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6144 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6145 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6146 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6148 =item Reporting Bugs
6156 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6162 =item Core Enhancements
6166 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6168 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6170 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6172 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6174 =item "our" declarations
6176 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6178 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6180 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6182 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6184 =item open() with more than two arguments
6186 =item 64-bit support
6188 =item Large file support
6194 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6196 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6198 =item File globbing implemented internally
6200 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6202 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6204 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6206 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6208 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6210 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6212 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6214 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6216 =item Comments in pack() templates
6218 =item Weak references
6220 =item Binary numbers supported
6222 =item Lvalue subroutines
6224 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6226 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6228 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6230 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6232 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6234 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6236 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6238 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6240 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6242 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6244 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6246 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6248 =item Improved diagnostics
6250 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6252 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6254 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6256 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6258 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6260 =item Improved security features
6262 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6264 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6266 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6268 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6270 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6272 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6274 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6278 =item Modules and Pragmata
6284 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6285 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6286 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6287 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6288 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6289 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6290 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6291 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6297 =item Utility Changes
6311 =item The Perl Debugger
6315 =item Improved Documentation
6317 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6318 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6319 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6320 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6322 =item Performance enhancements
6326 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6328 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6330 =item Faster subroutine calls
6332 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6336 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6340 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6342 =item New Configure flags
6344 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6350 =item -Duselargefiles
6352 =item installusrbinperl
6358 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6362 =item Platform specific changes
6366 =item Supported platforms
6370 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6378 =item Significant bug fixes
6382 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6384 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6386 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6388 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6390 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6392 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6394 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6396 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6398 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6400 =item Locale bugs fixed
6404 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6406 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6408 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6410 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6414 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6416 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6417 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6418 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6419 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6420 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6421 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6422 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6423 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6424 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6425 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6426 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6427 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6428 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6429 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6430 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6431 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6432 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6433 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6434 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6435 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6436 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6437 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6438 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6439 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6440 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6441 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6442 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6443 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6444 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6445 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6446 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6447 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6448 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6449 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6450 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6451 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6452 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6453 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6454 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6455 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6456 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6457 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6458 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6459 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6460 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6461 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6462 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6463 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6464 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6465 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6469 =item Incompatible Changes
6473 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6475 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6476 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6477 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6478 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6479 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6480 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6481 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6482 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6483 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6484 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6485 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6487 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6489 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6491 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6493 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6495 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6499 =item Known Problems
6503 =item Thread test failures
6505 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6507 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6509 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6511 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6514 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6516 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6518 =item Experimental features
6520 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6521 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6522 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6526 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6528 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6529 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6530 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6531 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6533 =item Reporting Bugs
6541 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6547 =item About the new versioning system
6549 =item Incompatible Changes
6553 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6555 =item Default installation structure has changed
6557 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6559 =item C Source Compatibility
6561 =item Binary Compatibility
6563 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6565 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6579 =item Regular Expressions
6581 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6582 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6583 improvements, Incompatible changes
6585 =item Improved malloc()
6587 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6589 =item Reliable signals
6591 =item Reliable stack pointers
6593 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6597 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6599 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6601 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6603 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6605 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6607 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6609 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6611 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6613 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6615 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6617 =item Better locale support
6619 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6621 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6623 =item Extended support for exception handling
6625 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6627 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6629 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6631 =item New C<lock> keyword
6633 =item New C<qr//> operator
6635 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6637 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6639 =item Tied handles support is better
6641 =item 4th argument to substr
6643 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6645 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6647 =item <> now reads in records
6651 =item Supported Platforms
6657 =item Changes in existing support
6661 =item Modules and Pragmata
6667 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6668 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6669 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6671 =item Changes in existing modules
6673 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6674 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6678 =item Utility Changes
6680 =item Documentation Changes
6682 =item New Diagnostics
6684 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6685 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6686 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6687 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6688 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6689 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6690 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6691 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6692 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6693 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6694 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6695 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6696 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6697 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6698 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6699 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6700 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6702 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6704 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6705 temporary file, regexp too big
6707 =item Configuration Changes
6717 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6723 =item Supported Environments
6729 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6731 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6733 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6735 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6737 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6739 =item More precise warnings
6741 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6743 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6745 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6747 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6749 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6751 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6753 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6755 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6757 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6759 =item Changes to tainting checks
6761 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6762 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6764 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6766 =item Embedding improvements
6768 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6770 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6772 =item New and changed syntax
6776 =item New and changed builtin constants
6780 =item New and changed builtin variables
6784 =item New and changed builtin functions
6786 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6787 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6788 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6789 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6790 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6792 =item New builtin methods
6794 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6796 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6798 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6799 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6801 =item Malloc enhancements
6803 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6805 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6809 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6825 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6826 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6832 =item Required Updates
6834 =item Installation directories
6836 =item Module information summary
6850 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6854 =item Utility Changes
6860 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6864 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6868 =item C Language API Changes
6870 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6873 =item Documentation Changes
6875 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6876 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6878 =item New Diagnostics
6880 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6881 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6882 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6883 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6884 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6885 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6886 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6887 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6888 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6889 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6890 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6891 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6892 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6893 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6894 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6895 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6896 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6897 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6898 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6899 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6900 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6901 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6902 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6903 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6904 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6914 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6922 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6926 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6928 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6930 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6932 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6938 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6948 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6958 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
6972 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
6974 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
6976 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
6978 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
6984 =item Accessing documentation
6988 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
6990 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
6992 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
6994 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
6998 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7002 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7004 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7006 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7008 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7010 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7020 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7028 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7030 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7034 =item Contact Information
7036 =item Update 2002-05-30
7042 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7052 =item gzip on BS2000
7054 =item bison on BS2000
7056 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7058 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7060 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7062 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7064 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7066 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7068 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7102 =item Acknowledgements
7108 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7114 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7118 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7120 =item Cygwin Configuration
7122 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7126 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7130 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7132 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7134 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7135 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7137 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7139 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7140 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7143 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7145 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7149 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7153 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7159 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7163 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7165 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7167 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7171 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7173 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7175 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7176 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7178 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7186 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7198 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7202 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7204 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7206 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7208 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7218 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7228 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7232 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7234 =item Building Perl on DOS
7236 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7238 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7242 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7246 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7248 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7250 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7252 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7262 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7270 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7272 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7276 =item Editors on Epoc
7278 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7280 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7282 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7286 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7294 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7303 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7305 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7317 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7319 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7321 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7323 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7325 =item The GNU C Compiler
7327 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7329 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7331 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7333 =item Oracle on HP-UX
7335 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7337 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7339 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7341 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7345 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7353 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7361 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7369 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7378 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7380 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7382 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7384 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7394 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7408 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7414 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7420 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7428 =item Binary distribution from HP
7430 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7432 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7434 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7436 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7438 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7440 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7441 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7443 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7447 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7449 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7451 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7453 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7455 =item Perl/iX Change History
7471 SetNWDef.bat, Custom Build Environment, Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat
7483 =item Build new extensions
7485 =item Acknowledgements
7493 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7513 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7515 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7517 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7521 =item Frequently asked questions
7525 =item "It does not work"
7527 =item I cannot run external programs
7529 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7532 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7535 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7537 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7545 =item Automatic binary installation
7547 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7549 =item Manual binary installation
7551 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7552 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7553 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7554 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7555 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7561 =item Accessing documentation
7565 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7573 =item GNU C<info> files
7585 =item The short story
7589 =item Getting perl source
7591 =item Application of the patches
7599 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7602 =item Installing the built perl
7604 =item C<a.out>-style build
7612 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7614 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7616 =item Problems with tr or sed
7618 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7620 =item Library ... not found
7622 =item Segfault in make
7624 =item op/sprintf test failure
7628 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7632 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7636 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7638 =item Additional modules:
7640 =item Prebuilt methods:
7642 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7643 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7644 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7645 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7646 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7647 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7648 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7649 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7650 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7651 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7652 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
7654 =item Prebuilt variables:
7656 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
7662 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7665 =item Identifying DLLs
7667 =item Centralized management of resources
7683 =item F<perl___.exe>
7685 =item Why strange names?
7687 =item Why dynamic linking?
7689 =item Why chimera build?
7697 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7699 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7701 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7703 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7705 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7707 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7717 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7719 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7721 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7724 =item DLL forwarder generation
7728 =item Calls to external programs
7730 =item Memory allocation
7734 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7750 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7763 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7765 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7767 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7769 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7771 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7773 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7775 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7777 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7779 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7781 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7791 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7799 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7807 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7809 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7811 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7813 =item QNX auxiliary files
7817 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7825 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7835 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7837 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7839 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7841 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7845 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7849 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7861 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7869 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7875 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7881 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7883 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7885 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7889 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7893 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7895 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7897 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7901 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7903 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7904 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7905 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7911 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7913 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7917 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
7919 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
7923 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
7927 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
7929 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
7933 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
7935 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
7937 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
7947 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
7948 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
7956 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
7958 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
7960 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
7962 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
7964 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
7966 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
7970 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
7972 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
7974 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
7980 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
7988 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
7990 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
7996 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8006 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8008 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8010 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8012 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8014 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8024 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8030 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8038 =item Organization of Perl Images
8044 =item Perl Extensions
8046 =item Installing static extensions
8048 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8052 =item File specifications
8058 =item Wildcard expansion
8064 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8070 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8072 =item Command line switches
8078 =item Perl functions
8080 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8081 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8082 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8083 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8085 =item Perl variables
8087 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8089 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8103 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8111 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
8113 =item Stratus POSIX Support
8117 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8121 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
8123 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
8127 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8131 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
8133 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8135 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8141 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8149 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8159 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8161 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8162 SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC
8166 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8168 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8170 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8172 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8173 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8174 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous
8179 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8183 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8184 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8185 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8193 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8195 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8207 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8217 =head2 threadshared::queue, threads::shared::queue - thread-safe queues
8225 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8227 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
8233 =head2 threadshared::semaphore, threads::shared::semaphore - thread-safe
8242 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8244 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
8248 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8249 data structures between threads
8261 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8262 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8274 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8283 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8284 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();, async
8289 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8293 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
8294 not threadsafe, will not be
8296 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8302 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8312 =item Built-in Attributes
8314 locked, method, lvalue
8316 =item Available Subroutines
8320 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8322 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8324 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8332 =item Default exports
8334 =item Available exports
8336 =item Export tags defined
8346 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8358 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8374 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8388 =head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
8400 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8404 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8424 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8436 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8440 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8460 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
8482 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8483 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8484 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8485 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8486 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
8496 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8510 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8523 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8532 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8534 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8536 =item charnames::vianame(name)
8540 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8546 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8558 =item List constants
8560 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8562 =item Magic constants
8566 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8576 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8587 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8589 =item The I<splain> Program
8603 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
8613 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
8614 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
8622 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
8626 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
8628 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
8630 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
8632 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8638 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8652 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8662 =item subpragma access
8668 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8682 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8693 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8703 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8713 =item Adding directories to @INC
8715 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8717 =item Restoring original @INC
8729 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8740 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
8748 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8750 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8756 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8768 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8778 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8780 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8782 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8784 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8786 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8788 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8790 =item Overloadable Operations
8792 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8793 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8794 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8796 =item Inheritance and overloading
8798 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8799 is inherited by derived classes
8803 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8811 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8813 =item Copy Constructor
8819 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8821 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8822 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8823 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8826 =item Losing overloading
8828 =item Run-time Overloading
8830 =item Public functions
8832 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8834 =item Overloading constants
8836 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8838 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8840 =item Metaphor clash
8846 =item Two-face scalars
8848 =item Two-face references
8850 =item Symbolic calculator
8852 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8860 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8861 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8867 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8877 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8889 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8891 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8895 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8899 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8907 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8919 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8927 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
8931 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
8941 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8950 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8951 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();, async
8956 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8960 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
8961 not threadsafe, will not be
8963 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8969 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
8970 structures between threads
8982 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8983 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8995 =head2 threadshared::queue, threads::shared::queue - thread-safe queues
9003 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
9005 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
9011 =head2 threadshared::semaphore, threads::shared::semaphore - thread-safe
9020 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
9022 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
9026 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9037 =item Utility functions
9039 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
9040 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9049 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9059 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9067 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9071 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9079 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9080 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9081 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9082 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9083 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9087 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9097 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9099 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9109 =item DBM Comparisons
9119 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9129 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9133 =item Typed lexicals
9135 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9137 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9139 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9141 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9149 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9150 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9151 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9152 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9153 be able to apply END handler>
9163 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9173 =item Subroutine Stubs
9175 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9177 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9179 =item Package Lexicals
9181 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9183 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9193 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9201 $keep, $check, $modtime
9205 =item Multiple packages
9213 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9221 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9225 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9233 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9247 =item B::PVMG METHODS
9251 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
9253 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9255 =item B::PVLV METHODS
9257 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9261 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9265 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9266 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9270 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9271 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9275 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
9279 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
9284 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9286 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9290 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9292 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9296 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9300 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9304 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9308 =item B::PMOP METHODS
9310 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9311 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9313 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9317 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9321 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9325 =item B::LOOP METHODS
9327 redoop, nextop, lastop
9329 =item B::COP METHODS
9331 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
9335 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
9337 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
9338 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
9339 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
9340 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
9341 cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9347 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9356 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9362 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9374 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9394 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9404 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9405 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9406 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9416 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9426 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9427 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9428 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9439 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9449 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9450 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9451 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9463 =item Context of ".."
9467 =item Deprecated features
9475 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9487 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9488 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9489 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9491 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9493 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9494 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9495 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9496 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9497 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9498 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9499 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9500 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9506 =item OP flags abbreviations
9508 =item OP class abbreviations
9512 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9518 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9530 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9540 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9541 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9543 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9553 =item ambient_pragmas
9555 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9567 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9579 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9587 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9589 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9590 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9592 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9602 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9612 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9620 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9632 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9644 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9646 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9658 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9668 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
9676 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9696 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9710 =item Standard Exports
9712 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9713 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9714 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9716 =item Optional Exports
9718 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9719 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9720 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9736 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9740 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9754 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9764 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9765 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9766 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9776 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9788 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9790 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9792 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9794 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9796 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9798 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9800 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9802 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9804 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9806 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9808 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9810 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9812 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9814 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9816 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9818 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9820 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9822 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9823 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9827 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9828 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9831 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9833 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9834 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9839 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9843 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9845 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9847 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9849 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9851 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9853 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9855 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9857 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9858 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9860 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9864 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9868 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9870 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9872 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9874 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9876 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9878 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9879 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9881 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9885 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9889 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9891 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9893 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9895 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9899 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9901 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9903 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9907 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9909 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9913 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9917 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9921 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9925 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
9929 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
9931 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
9933 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
9937 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
9941 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
9947 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
9948 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
9950 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
9952 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
9953 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
9956 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
9962 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
9966 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
9968 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
9969 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
9970 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
9971 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
9972 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
9974 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
9976 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
9981 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
9983 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
9985 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
9986 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
9988 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
9990 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9994 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
9995 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
9996 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
9997 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
9998 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
9999 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10000 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10001 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10002 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10003 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10004 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10005 ...and many many more..
10007 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10015 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10025 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10033 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10042 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10044 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10048 =item Changing the default message
10052 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10062 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10070 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10072 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10076 =item Creating New Cookies
10078 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10080 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10082 =item Manipulating Cookies
10084 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10088 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10096 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10104 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10106 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10108 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10110 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10112 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10114 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10118 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10126 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10136 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10138 =item Customizing the Indenting
10150 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10158 =item USING CGI::Push
10160 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10164 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10166 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10170 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10172 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10180 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10190 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10198 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10206 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10212 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10222 =item Interactive Mode
10224 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10225 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10226 distribution, ls author, Signals
10234 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10236 =item Programmer's interface
10238 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10240 =item Methods in the other Classes
10242 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10243 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10244 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10245 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10246 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10247 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10248 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10249 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10250 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10251 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10252 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10253 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10254 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10255 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10256 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10257 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10258 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10259 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10260 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10261 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10262 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10263 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10264 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10265 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10266 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10267 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10269 =item Cache Manager
10273 =item Prerequisites
10275 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10279 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10283 =item CONFIGURATION
10285 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10286 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10287 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10288 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10292 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10294 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10302 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10304 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10308 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10310 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10312 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10318 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10330 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10340 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10353 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10363 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10371 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10373 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10383 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10384 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10385 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10387 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10395 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10405 =item The C<struct()> function
10407 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10409 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10411 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10412 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10414 =item Initializing with C<new>
10420 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10422 =item Author and Modification History
10426 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10434 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10446 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10450 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10451 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10452 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10453 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10457 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10461 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10462 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10463 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10464 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10465 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10466 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10467 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10471 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10472 C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
10473 C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
10474 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
10475 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
10476 C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
10477 C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
10478 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
10479 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
10480 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
10481 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
10482 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
10483 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
10484 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
10485 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
10486 C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>,
10487 C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
10488 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
10489 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
10490 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>,
10491 C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
10492 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>,
10493 C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>,
10494 C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
10495 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>,
10496 C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
10497 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
10498 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>,
10499 C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>,
10500 C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>,
10501 C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
10502 C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>,
10503 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>,
10504 C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
10505 C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>,
10506 C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
10507 C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
10508 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
10509 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
10510 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
10511 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
10512 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
10513 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
10514 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
10515 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
10516 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
10517 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
10518 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
10519 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
10520 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
10521 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
10522 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
10523 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
10524 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
10525 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
10526 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
10527 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
10528 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
10529 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
10530 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
10531 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
10532 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
10533 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
10534 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
10535 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
10536 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
10537 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
10538 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
10539 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>,
10540 C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
10541 C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10542 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10543 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10544 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10545 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10546 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
10547 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
10548 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
10549 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
10550 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
10551 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
10552 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
10553 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
10554 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
10555 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
10556 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
10557 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
10558 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10559 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10560 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
10564 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
10565 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
10566 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
10567 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10571 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10572 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10577 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
10578 C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
10579 C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
10580 C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
10581 C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
10582 C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
10583 C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
10584 C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
10585 C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
10589 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10593 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10594 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
10595 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
10596 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10597 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10598 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10599 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10600 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10601 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10602 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10603 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10604 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10605 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10606 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10607 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10608 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10609 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10610 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10611 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10612 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10613 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10614 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10615 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10616 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10620 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10624 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10625 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10626 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10627 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10628 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
10629 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
10634 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10635 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10636 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10640 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10641 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10645 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10646 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10647 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
10648 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
10649 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10653 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10654 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10658 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10659 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10663 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10664 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10665 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10666 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10670 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10674 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
10675 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
10676 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10680 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10681 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
10682 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
10683 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
10684 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
10685 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
10686 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
10687 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10688 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10689 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10690 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10691 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10692 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
10693 C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
10694 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
10695 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
10696 C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10700 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10701 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
10706 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10707 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10708 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10709 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10710 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10711 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10712 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10713 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10714 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10718 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10719 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10720 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10721 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10725 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10729 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10741 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10751 =item getcwd and friends
10753 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10755 =item abs_path and friends
10757 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10769 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10781 =item Global Variables
10783 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10784 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10789 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10790 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10792 =item Client Callback Methods
10794 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10795 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10796 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10806 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10814 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10818 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10820 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10822 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10824 =item Default Parameters
10826 =item In Memory Databases
10834 =item A Simple Example
10842 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10844 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10846 =item The get_dup() Method
10848 =item The find_dup() Method
10850 =item The del_dup() Method
10852 =item Matching Partial Keys
10860 =item The 'bval' Option
10862 =item A Simple Example
10864 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10866 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10867 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10868 length, elements);>
10870 =item Another Example
10874 =item THE API INTERFACE
10876 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10877 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10878 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10879 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10883 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10884 B<filter_fetch_value>
10890 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10892 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10896 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10900 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10902 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10904 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10906 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10908 =item The untie() Gotcha
10912 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10916 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10918 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
10920 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
10922 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
10942 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
10943 printing and C<eval>
10955 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
10956 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
10957 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
10964 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
10966 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10967 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10968 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10969 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10970 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10971 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10972 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10973 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10974 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10975 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10976 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10977 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10978 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10979 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10980 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
11000 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11008 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11020 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
11042 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11052 =item Runtime debugging
11054 =item Memory footprint debugging
11062 =item A simple scalar string
11064 =item A simple scalar number
11066 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11068 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11070 =item A reference to an array
11072 =item A reference to a hash
11074 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11076 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11078 =item A reference to a subroutine
11092 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11102 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11110 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11114 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11115 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
11116 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11124 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11134 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11138 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
11139 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11151 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11163 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11175 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11176 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11177 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11182 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11183 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11189 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11197 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11198 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11199 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11200 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11207 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11220 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11228 =item Table of Contents
11240 =item PERL ENCODING API
11242 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11243 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11244 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11249 =item Listing available encodings
11251 =item Defining Aliases
11255 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11257 =item Handling Malformed Data
11259 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11260 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11261 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11262 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11267 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11271 =item Defining Encodings
11273 =item The UTF-8 flag
11275 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11279 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11281 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11291 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11299 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11304 =item Alias overloading
11312 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11326 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11328 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11344 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11346 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11348 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11362 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11372 =item Methods you should implement
11374 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11376 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11378 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11380 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11384 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11388 =item Compiled Encodings
11394 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11398 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11408 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11409 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11410 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11420 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
11430 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
11438 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11440 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
11442 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
11456 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
11458 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
11474 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
11480 =item How does it work?
11488 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11496 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
11504 =item Encoding Names
11508 =item Supported Encodings
11512 =item Built-in Encodings
11514 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11516 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11518 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11519 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11521 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11523 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11524 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11525 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11527 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11529 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11533 =item Unsupported encodings
11535 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11536 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11537 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11538 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11540 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11542 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11546 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11548 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11554 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11555 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11562 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11563 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11567 =item Other Notable Sites
11569 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11570 "Introduction to i18n"
11572 =item Offline sources
11574 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11580 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
11594 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
11610 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
11618 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
11620 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
11626 =item by endianness
11628 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
11632 =item Surrogate Pairs
11638 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
11647 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11652 =item Alias overloading
11660 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
11661 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11663 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
11666 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
11669 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
11670 Implementation Base Class
11680 =item Methods you should implement
11682 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11684 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11686 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11688 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11692 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11696 =item Compiled Encodings
11702 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11706 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
11717 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11718 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11719 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11729 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
11730 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11732 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
11735 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
11738 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
11739 and 'Q' header encoding
11755 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
11756 on Encode and PerlIO
11762 =item How does it work?
11770 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11778 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
11779 supported by Encode
11787 =item Encoding Names
11791 =item Supported Encodings
11795 =item Built-in Encodings
11797 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11799 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11801 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11802 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11804 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11806 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11807 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11808 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11810 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11812 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11816 =item Unsupported encodings
11818 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11819 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11820 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11821 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11823 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11825 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11829 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11831 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11837 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11838 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11845 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11846 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11850 =item Other Notable Sites
11852 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11853 "Introduction to i18n"
11855 =item Offline sources
11857 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11863 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11869 use Encode::Encoder;
11870 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11871 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11873 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11874 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11875 # you can stack them!
11876 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11877 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11878 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11880 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11882 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11890 =item Predefined Methods
11892 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11893 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11894 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11896 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11898 =item Operator Overloading
11906 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
11907 non-ascii or non-utf8
11917 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
11918 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
11926 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
11930 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
11932 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
11934 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
11936 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
11942 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11948 use Encode::Encoder;
11949 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11950 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11952 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11953 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11954 # you can stack them!
11955 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11956 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11957 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11959 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11961 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11969 =item Predefined Methods
11971 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11972 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11973 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11975 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11977 =item Operator Overloading
11985 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
11998 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12013 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12029 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12039 =item How to Export
12041 =item Selecting What To Export
12043 =item How to Import
12045 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12049 =item Advanced features
12053 =item Specialised Import Lists
12055 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12057 =item Module Version Checking
12059 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12061 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12063 =item Generating combined tags
12065 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12071 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12081 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12102 mv source... destination
12104 cp source... destination
12122 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12134 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12144 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12152 perl_stringify NAME
12156 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12158 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12162 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12170 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12173 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12175 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12177 WriteMakefileSnippet
12179 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12180 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12188 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12200 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12201 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12211 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12221 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12233 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12234 packlist(), version()
12242 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12250 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12251 dynamic extensions at load time
12257 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12267 =item VMS implementation
12269 =item Win32 implementation
12277 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12287 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12295 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12299 =item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED>
12313 file_name_is_absolute
12323 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12337 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12338 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12350 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12351 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12359 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
12363 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12373 =item Overridden methods
12375 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12389 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12390 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12432 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12433 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12449 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12450 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12464 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12474 =item Overridden methods
12476 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12490 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12504 =item SelfLoaded methods
12556 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
12604 maybe_command_in_dirs
12628 post_initialize (o)
12642 replace_manpage_separator
12656 test_via_harness (override)
12658 test_via_script (override)
12688 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12689 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12699 =item Methods always loaded
12711 guess_name (override)
12715 find_perl (override)
12717 maybe_command (override)
12719 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
12721 perl_script (override)
12723 replace_manpage_separator
12725 init_main (override)
12727 init_others (override)
12729 constants (override)
12733 const_cccmd (override)
12735 pm_to_blib (override)
12737 tool_autosplit (override)
12739 tool_sxubpp (override)
12741 xsubpp_version (override)
12743 tools_other (override)
12753 top_targets (override)
12757 dynamic_lib (override)
12759 dynamic_bs (override)
12761 static_lib (override)
12763 manifypods (override)
12765 processPL (override)
12767 installbin (override)
12769 subdir_x (override)
12773 realclean (override)
12775 dist_core (override)
12777 dist_test (override)
12781 perldepend (override)
12783 makefile (override)
12785 find_tests (override)
12789 makeaperl (override)
12791 nicetext (override)
12793 prefixify (override)
12795 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12796 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12818 tool_autosplit (override)
12834 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
12844 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
12854 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
12864 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
12866 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
12874 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
12878 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
12880 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
12882 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
12884 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
12886 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
12887 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
12888 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST,
12889 FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
12890 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
12891 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR,
12892 INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
12893 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
12894 INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A,
12895 LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
12896 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE,
12897 PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK,
12898 PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS,
12899 PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX,
12900 PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP,
12901 TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
12902 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
12904 =item Additional lowercase attributes
12906 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
12909 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
12911 =item Hintsfile support
12913 =item Distribution Support
12915 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
12916 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
12917 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
12919 =item Disabling an extension
12925 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
12933 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
12941 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
12945 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
12949 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
12950 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
12954 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
12962 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
12974 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
12984 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
12993 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
13001 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13013 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13021 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13031 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13043 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13053 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13057 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
13065 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
13069 C<basename>, C<dirname>
13073 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
13087 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
13101 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
13111 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
13113 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
13125 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
13135 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
13147 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
13155 B<find>, B<finddepth>
13161 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
13162 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
13163 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
13165 =item The wanted function
13167 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
13168 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
13169 pathname to the file
13177 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
13185 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
13193 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
13194 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
13195 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
13199 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
13207 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
13219 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
13229 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
13230 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
13231 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
13239 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
13249 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
13267 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
13285 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
13313 file_name_is_absolute
13343 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
13353 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
13386 file_name_is_absolute
13408 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
13424 =item Methods always loaded
13426 canonpath (override)
13444 case_tolerant (override)
13448 file_name_is_absolute (override)
13450 splitpath (override)
13452 splitdir (override)
13466 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
13496 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
13520 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
13534 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
13544 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
13552 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
13560 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
13562 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
13574 =item Temporary files and NFS
13586 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
13600 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
13608 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
13616 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
13624 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
13630 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
13644 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
13646 =item All-in-one interface
13648 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
13650 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
13653 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
13655 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
13656 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
13657 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
13659 described in the previous section.
13661 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
13663 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
13675 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
13685 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
13689 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
13691 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
13699 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
13701 =item Example 2: Using the context
13703 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
13705 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
13709 =item Filter::Simple
13717 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
13725 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
13737 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
13753 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
13761 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
13763 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
13767 =item Simple options
13769 =item A little bit less simple options
13771 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
13773 =item Options with values
13775 =item Options with multiple values
13777 =item Options with hash values
13779 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
13781 =item Options with multiple names
13783 =item Case and abbreviations
13785 =item Summary of Option Specifications
13787 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
13792 =item Advanced Possibilities
13796 =item Object oriented interface
13798 =item Documentation and help texts
13800 =item Storing options in a hash
13804 =item The lonesome dash
13806 =item Argument callback
13810 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
13812 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
13813 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
13814 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
13815 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
13816 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
13818 =item Return values and Errors
13824 =item Default destinations
13826 =item Alternative option starters
13828 =item Configuration variables
13832 =item Trouble Shooting
13836 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
13838 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
13841 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
13843 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
13849 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13853 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
13864 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
13874 =item Restricted hashes
13876 lock_keys, unlock_keys
13882 lock_value, unlock_value
13884 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
13894 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
13905 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
13916 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
13918 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
13920 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
13922 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
13924 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
13926 the function super_languages($lang1)
13928 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
13930 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
13932 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
13934 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
13938 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
13940 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
13950 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
13958 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
13960 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
13962 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
13963 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
13964 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
13965 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
13966 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
13967 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
13968 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
13969 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
13970 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
13971 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
13972 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
13973 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
13974 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
13975 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
13976 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
13977 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
13978 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
13979 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
13980 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
13981 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
13982 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
13983 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
13984 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
13985 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
13986 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
13987 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
13988 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
13989 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
13990 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
13991 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
13992 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
13993 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
13994 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
13995 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
13996 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
13997 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
13998 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
13999 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
14000 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
14001 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
14002 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
14003 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
14004 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
14005 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
14006 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
14007 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
14008 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
14009 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
14010 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
14011 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
14012 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
14013 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
14014 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
14015 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14016 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
14017 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
14018 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
14019 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
14020 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
14021 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
14022 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
14023 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
14024 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
14025 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
14026 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
14027 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
14028 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
14029 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
14030 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
14031 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
14032 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
14033 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
14034 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
14035 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
14036 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
14037 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
14038 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
14039 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
14040 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
14041 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
14042 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
14043 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
14044 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
14045 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
14046 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
14047 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
14048 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
14049 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
14050 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
14051 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
14052 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
14053 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
14054 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
14055 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
14056 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
14057 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
14058 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
14059 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
14060 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
14061 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
14062 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
14063 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
14064 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
14065 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
14066 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
14067 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
14068 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
14069 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
14070 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
14071 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
14072 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
14073 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
14074 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
14075 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
14076 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
14077 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
14078 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
14079 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
14080 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
14084 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14090 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
14108 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14112 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
14122 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
14130 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14131 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14141 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14151 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14155 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14163 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
14173 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14177 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14178 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14179 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14180 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14192 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14202 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14206 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14216 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14226 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14227 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14237 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
14245 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14246 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14255 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
14265 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14269 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14270 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14271 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14281 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
14295 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14296 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14306 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
14322 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14335 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
14349 hostpath(), peerpath()
14359 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
14368 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14369 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14379 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14389 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14393 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14401 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
14412 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14416 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14417 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14418 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14419 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14431 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14441 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14445 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14455 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14465 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14466 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14476 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
14485 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14486 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14495 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
14506 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14510 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14511 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14512 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14522 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
14537 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14538 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14548 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
14549 AF_INET domain sockets
14565 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14578 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
14579 AF_UNIX domain sockets
14593 hostpath(), peerpath()
14603 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14613 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14614 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14625 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
14639 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
14652 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
14662 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14663 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14664 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14675 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
14693 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14703 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14704 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14715 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
14726 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14727 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14728 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14739 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
14747 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14748 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14752 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14758 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
14759 general-utility list subroutines
14767 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14768 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14772 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14778 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
14779 general-utility scalar subroutines
14787 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
14788 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14798 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
14806 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14810 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
14818 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
14826 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14828 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14830 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14831 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14833 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14835 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
14837 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
14843 =item rename_country
14851 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14855 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
14856 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
14857 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
14858 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
14866 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
14867 identification (ISO 4217)
14877 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14879 code2currency(), currency2code()
14881 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14883 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
14887 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14891 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
14892 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
14900 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
14909 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14911 code2language(), language2code()
14913 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14915 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
14919 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14923 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
14924 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
14932 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
14940 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14946 =item Construction Methods
14948 =item The "maketext" Method
14950 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
14952 =item Utility Methods
14954 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
14955 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
14956 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
14957 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
14959 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
14963 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
14965 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
14967 =item BRACKET NOTATION
14969 =item AUTO LEXICONS
14971 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
14973 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
14977 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14983 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
14991 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
14995 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
14997 =item The Linguistic View
14999 =item Breaking gettext
15001 =item Replacing gettext
15003 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
15005 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
15007 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
15009 =item Buzzword: Concision
15011 =item The Devil in the Details
15013 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
15021 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
15029 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15033 =item SPECIAL CODES
15037 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15039 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15040 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15042 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15044 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
15048 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15052 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
15053 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
15061 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
15069 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
15073 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
15081 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
15082 of quoted-printable strings
15090 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15096 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
15105 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15111 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
15121 =item Canonical notation
15125 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
15127 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
15131 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
15132 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
15140 =item Autocreating constants
15146 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
15154 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
15162 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
15170 Canonical notation, Input, Output
15192 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
15194 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
15196 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
15197 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
15199 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
15285 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
15295 =item Rounding mode R
15297 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
15298 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
15299 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
15312 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
15320 =item Autocreating constants
15326 =item Alternative math libraries
15332 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
15340 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
15346 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
15350 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
15351 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
15352 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
15362 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
15372 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
15376 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
15378 the same terms as Perl itself.
15386 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
15408 =item denominator()
15410 $d = $x->denominator();
15416 =item bfac()/blog()
15418 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
15424 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 1 + 2/3'
15434 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
15447 =item STRINGIFICATION
15451 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
15457 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
15459 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
15467 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
15475 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
15481 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
15483 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
15487 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15489 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
15493 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
15495 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15497 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
15498 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
15502 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
15508 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
15518 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
15536 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
15538 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
15542 =item OTHER FACILITIES
15548 =item C<flush_cache>
15554 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
15556 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
15564 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15570 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
15579 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
15590 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
15602 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15610 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15618 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
15627 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
15636 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
15644 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
15652 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15658 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15662 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15666 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
15676 =item Enforcing redispatch
15678 =item Avoiding repetitions
15684 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15690 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
15700 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
15703 =item CLASS METHODS
15705 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
15706 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
15707 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
15717 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
15727 requires_firewall HOST
15729 =item NetConfig VALUES
15731 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
15732 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
15733 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
15737 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
15746 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
15754 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
15766 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
15770 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
15771 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
15772 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
15773 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
15774 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
15775 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
15776 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
15777 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
15778 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
15779 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
15780 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
15781 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
15782 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
15786 =item Methods for the adventurous
15792 =item THE dataconn CLASS
15794 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
15795 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
15797 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
15799 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
15801 =item REPORTING BUGS
15809 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
15817 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
15827 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
15831 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
15832 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
15833 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
15834 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
15835 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
15836 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
15837 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
15841 =item Extension methods
15843 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
15844 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
15845 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
15846 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
15855 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
15865 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
15877 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
15881 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
15882 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
15883 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
15884 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
15896 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
15908 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 }
15909 );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);,
15910 $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
15924 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
15936 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
15940 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
15941 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
15942 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
15943 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
15944 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
15945 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
15958 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
15966 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
15967 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
15975 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
15992 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
16000 =item Where to get this document
16002 =item How to contribute to this document
16006 =item Author and Copyright Information
16014 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
16018 =item What is libnet ?
16020 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
16022 =item What other modules do I need ?
16024 =item What machines support libnet ?
16026 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
16030 =item Using Net::FTP
16034 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
16036 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
16038 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
16040 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
16043 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
16045 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
16047 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
16049 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
16051 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
16053 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
16056 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
16058 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
16061 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
16064 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
16068 =item Using Net::SMTP
16072 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
16075 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
16077 =item The verify method always returns true ?
16081 =item Debugging scripts
16085 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
16089 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
16093 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
16110 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
16125 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
16142 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
16150 =item THE .netrc FILE
16152 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
16157 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
16161 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
16171 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
16181 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16189 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
16197 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16203 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16207 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16211 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
16223 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
16225 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
16226 or optag, an operator set (opset)
16228 =item Opcode Functions
16230 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
16231 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
16232 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
16235 =item Manipulating Opsets
16237 =item TO DO (maybe)
16243 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
16245 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
16246 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
16247 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
16256 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
16265 a new namespace, an operator mask
16271 =item RECENT CHANGES
16273 =item Methods in class Safe
16275 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16276 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16277 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16278 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16280 =item Some Safety Issues
16282 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16290 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
16303 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
16317 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
16318 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
16319 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
16320 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
16321 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
16322 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
16323 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
16324 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
16325 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
16326 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
16327 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
16328 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
16329 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
16330 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
16331 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
16332 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
16333 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
16334 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
16335 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
16336 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
16337 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
16338 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
16339 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
16340 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
16341 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
16348 =item POSIX::SigAction
16352 =item POSIX::SigSet
16354 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
16356 =item POSIX::Termios
16358 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
16359 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
16360 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
16361 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
16362 values, c_oflag field values
16366 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
16370 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
16374 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
16428 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
16429 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
16433 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
16442 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw
16446 =item Defaults and how to override them
16456 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
16466 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
16474 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
16475 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
16476 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
16477 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
16478 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
16479 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
16480 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
16484 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
16490 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
16502 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
16508 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
16514 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
16526 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
16527 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
16528 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
16529 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
16530 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
16531 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
16532 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
16533 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
16538 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
16539 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
16540 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
16541 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
16542 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
16543 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
16547 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
16548 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
16560 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
16562 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
16565 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
16567 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
16569 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
16571 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
16573 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
16581 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
16593 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
16595 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
16602 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
16608 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
16610 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
16617 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
16629 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
16639 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
16640 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
16655 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
16668 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
16669 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
16675 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
16699 =item B<was_cutting()>
16705 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
16711 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
16717 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16723 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
16729 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16735 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
16741 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
16747 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16753 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16759 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
16765 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
16771 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16777 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16783 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
16789 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
16795 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16801 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
16807 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
16813 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16819 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16825 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
16831 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
16837 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
16843 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
16849 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
16855 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16861 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
16867 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16873 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
16885 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
16897 =item OBJECT METHODS
16905 =item Data Accessors
16921 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
16923 B<StartWithNewPage>
16937 =item Subclassed methods
16951 B<interior_sequence>
16967 =item Methods for headings
16975 =item Internal methods
16981 B<_replace_special_chars>
16983 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
16989 B<_clean_latex_commands>
16991 B<_split_delimited>
17007 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
17015 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
17020 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
17021 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
17022 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
17033 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17037 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
17047 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17051 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
17065 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
17073 $list-E<gt>indent()
17081 $list-E<gt>parent()
17087 =item Pod::Hyperlink
17089 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
17093 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
17095 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
17099 $link-E<gt>warning()
17101 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
17107 $link-E<gt>alttext()
17117 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
17123 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
17127 =item Pod::Cache::Item
17129 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
17133 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
17135 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
17137 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
17139 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
17141 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
17143 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
17145 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
17155 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
17167 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
17169 =item PARSING OPTIONS
17171 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
17172 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
17178 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17186 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17192 =item B<verbatim()>
17194 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17200 =item B<textblock()>
17202 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17208 =item B<interior_sequence()>
17214 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17226 =item B<initialize()>
17232 =item B<begin_pod()>
17238 =item B<begin_input()>
17244 =item B<end_input()>
17256 =item B<preprocess_line()>
17262 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
17268 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
17274 =item B<parse_text()>
17276 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
17277 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
17278 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
17284 =item B<interpolate()>
17290 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
17296 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
17302 =item B<parse_from_file()>
17308 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
17314 =item B<errorsub()>
17326 =item B<parseopts()>
17332 =item B<output_file()>
17338 =item B<output_handle()>
17344 =item B<input_file()>
17350 =item B<input_handle()>
17356 =item B<input_streams()>
17362 =item B<top_stream()>
17368 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17374 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
17380 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
17386 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
17394 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
17414 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
17427 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
17429 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
17435 =item OBJECT METHODS
17441 =item B<curr_headings()>
17453 =item B<add_selection()>
17459 =item B<clear_selections()>
17465 =item B<match_section()>
17471 =item B<is_selected()>
17477 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
17483 =item B<podselect()>
17485 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
17491 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17497 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
17503 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
17509 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
17521 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
17529 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
17533 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
17534 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
17535 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
17546 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17550 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
17564 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17568 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
17583 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17587 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
17588 text with format escapes
17602 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17606 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
17615 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
17624 =item Recommended Use
17632 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17636 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
17643 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17647 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
17651 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17655 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
17661 =item OVER AND ITEMS
17663 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
17666 =item FORMATTING CODES
17668 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
17676 =head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
17684 =head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
17692 =item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF
17698 foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2
17705 =item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
17707 =item TESTING URLs hyperlinking
17713 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
17721 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17727 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17731 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17735 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
17743 a new namespace, an operator mask
17749 =item RECENT CHANGES
17751 =item Methods in class Safe
17753 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17754 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17755 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17756 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17758 =item Some Safety Issues
17760 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17768 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
17776 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
17777 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
17787 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
17797 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
17807 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
17817 =item The __DATA__ token
17819 =item SelfLoader autoloading
17821 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
17823 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
17825 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
17827 =item Classes and inherited methods.
17831 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
17835 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
17845 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
17853 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
17854 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
17862 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
17863 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
17864 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
17865 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
17866 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
17870 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
17880 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
17884 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
17886 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
17888 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
17890 =item ERROR REPORTING
17898 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
17903 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
17904 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
17912 =item Storable magic
17922 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
17934 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
17948 =item Allowing fall-through
17950 =item Automating fall-through
17952 =item Alternative syntax
17954 =item Higher-order Operations
17970 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
17980 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
17992 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
17993 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18001 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18002 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18003 in 5.004_02), closelog
18013 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
18014 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18022 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18023 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18024 in 5.004_02), closelog
18034 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
18044 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
18045 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
18046 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
18050 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
18064 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
18080 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
18082 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18084 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18086 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
18094 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18102 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
18110 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
18120 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
18121 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
18129 =item Minimal set of supported functions
18131 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
18132 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
18134 =item Additional supported functions
18136 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
18146 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
18172 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
18176 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18186 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
18206 =item Setting up tests
18222 =item Running tests
18228 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
18230 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
18256 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
18268 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
18272 =item Test Status and Info
18280 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
18302 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
18312 =item The test script output
18314 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
18315 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
18320 =item Configuration variables.
18322 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
18326 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
18353 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
18354 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
18355 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
18356 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
18360 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
18361 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
18362 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
18376 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
18402 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
18412 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
18450 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
18466 B<_reset_file_state>
18486 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
18496 =item I love it when a plan comes together
18506 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
18546 =item Conditional tests
18552 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
18556 =item Comparison functions
18570 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
18580 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18582 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
18595 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
18619 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
18628 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
18636 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
18638 =item Where to start?
18642 =item Test the manual
18644 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
18646 =item Testing lots of values
18648 =item Informative names
18650 =item Skipping tests
18654 =item Testing with taint mode.
18666 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
18678 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
18688 =item General behaviour in list contexts
18692 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
18694 =item A note about prefixes
18696 =item C<extract_delimited>
18698 =item C<extract_bracketed>
18700 =item C<extract_tagged>
18702 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
18703 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
18705 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
18707 =item C<extract_quotelike>
18709 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
18711 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
18713 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
18715 =item C<extract_codeblock>
18717 =item C<extract_multiple>
18719 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
18725 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
18726 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
18727 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
18728 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
18729 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
18730 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
18731 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
18732 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
18733 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
18734 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
18735 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
18736 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
18741 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
18747 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
18762 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
18779 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
18794 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
18810 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl
18822 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
18823 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
18824 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
18828 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
18836 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
18844 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18846 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
18852 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
18860 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18862 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
18866 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
18878 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
18888 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
18896 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
18897 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
18898 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
18899 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
18907 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
18927 =item Option Format
18931 =item Public Methods
18939 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
18943 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
18945 =item Deferred Writing
18949 =item Autodeferring
18957 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
18971 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
18980 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
18981 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
18982 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
18983 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
18985 =item MORE INFORMATION
18987 =item COMPATIBILITY
18991 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
19000 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
19001 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
19003 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
19005 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
19007 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
19009 =item MORE INFORMATION
19013 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
19021 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
19031 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
19049 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
19058 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
19060 =item MORE INFORMATION
19064 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
19076 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
19085 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
19086 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
19087 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
19088 getitimer ( $which )
19104 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
19112 =item IMPLEMENTATION
19118 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
19133 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
19148 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
19160 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
19168 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
19169 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
19173 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
19183 =item Constructor and Tailoring
19185 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
19186 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
19187 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
19189 =item Methods for Collation
19191 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
19192 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
19193 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
19194 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
19195 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
19196 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
19197 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
19198 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
19199 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
19201 =item Other Methods
19203 UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
19219 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/,
19220 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
19221 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19222 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L<Unicode::Normalize>
19226 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
19236 =item Normalization Forms
19238 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
19239 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
19240 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
19242 =item Decomposition and Composition
19244 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
19245 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
19246 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
19250 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
19251 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
19252 check($form_name, $string)>
19254 =item Character Data
19256 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
19257 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
19258 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
19259 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
19260 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
19261 C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
19262 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
19272 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19273 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
19277 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
19319 =item Blocks versus Scripts
19321 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
19323 =item Code Point Arguments
19349 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
19355 =item Implementation Note
19367 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
19382 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
19393 =item System Specifics
19407 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
19415 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
19417 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
19418 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
19419 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
19420 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
19421 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
19422 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
19423 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
19424 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
19425 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
19426 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
19427 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
19428 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
19429 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
19430 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
19431 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
19432 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
19433 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
19439 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
19457 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
19469 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
19471 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
19472 don't all have manual pages yet:
19498 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles