4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
21 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
22 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
23 Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
24 implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
25 expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
41 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/04/24
46 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
47 About Perl, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L<perlfaq3>:
48 Programming Tools, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, L<perlfaq5>: Files and
49 Formats, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues,
50 L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, L<perlfaq9>: Networking
54 =item Where to get this document
56 =item How to contribute to this document
58 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
65 =item Author and Copyright Information
69 =item Noncommercial Reproduction
71 =item Commercial Reproduction
79 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
80 Initial Release: 11/March/97
82 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
83 1997/04/24 22:43:34 $)
91 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
93 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
95 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
97 =item How stable is Perl?
99 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
101 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
104 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
106 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
108 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
110 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
112 =item What is a JAPH?
114 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
116 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
117 (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
121 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
123 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.16 $,
124 $Date: 1997/04/23 18:04:09 $)
130 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
132 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
134 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
136 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
139 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
140 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
142 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
143 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
145 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
147 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
149 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
151 =item Where should I post source code?
155 =item Perl in Magazines
157 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
159 =item What mailing lists are there for perl?
161 MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
163 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
167 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
169 =item Where do I send bug reports?
171 =item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
173 =item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
177 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
179 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
186 =item How do I do (anything)?
188 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
190 =item Is there a Perl shell?
192 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
194 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
196 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
198 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
200 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
202 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
204 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
206 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
208 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
210 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
212 =item Can I dynamically load C routines into Perl?
214 =item What is undump?
216 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
218 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
220 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
222 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
224 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
226 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
228 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
230 =item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
232 =item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
234 =item Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
236 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
238 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
240 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
242 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
243 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
245 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
248 =item What's MakeMaker?
252 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
254 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
263 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
264 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
266 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
268 =item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()?
271 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
273 =item How do I multiply matrices?
275 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
277 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
279 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
287 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
289 =item How can I compare two date strings?
291 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
293 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
295 =item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
303 =item How do I validate input?
305 =item How do I unescape a string?
307 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
309 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
311 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
313 =item How do I reverse a string?
315 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
317 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
319 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
321 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
323 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
326 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
328 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
329 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
331 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
333 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
335 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
337 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
339 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
341 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
343 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
344 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
353 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
355 =item How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
357 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:, b) If you don't know
358 whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:,
359 d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in
360 contains only small positive integers:
362 =item How can I tell whether an array contains a certain element?
364 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
365 intersection of two arrays?
367 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
369 =item How do I handle linked lists?
371 =item How do I handle circular lists?
373 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
375 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
377 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
379 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
381 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
383 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
385 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
389 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
393 =item How do I process an entire hash?
395 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
398 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
400 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
402 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
404 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
406 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
408 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
410 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
412 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
414 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
416 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
418 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
421 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
422 array of hashes or arrays?
424 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
432 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
434 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
436 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
438 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
440 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
442 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
446 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
448 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
455 =item How do I flush/unbuffer a filehandle? Why must I do this?
457 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
458 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
460 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
462 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
464 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
466 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
467 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
469 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
471 =item How can I write() into a string?
473 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
475 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
477 =item How come when I open the file read-write it wipes it out?
479 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
481 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
483 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
485 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
487 =item How can I lock a file?
489 =item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
491 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
492 the file. How can I do this?
494 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
496 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
498 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
500 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
502 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
504 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
506 =item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
508 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
510 =item How do I create a file only if it doesn't exist?
512 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
514 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
516 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
518 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
519 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
521 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
523 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
524 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
526 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
530 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
532 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:10 $)
538 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
539 and unmaintainable code?
541 Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
544 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
546 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
549 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
551 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
554 =item How can I make C<\w> match accented characters?
556 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
558 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
560 =item What is C</o> really for?
562 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
565 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
567 =item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
569 =item How do I process each word on each line?
571 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
573 =item How can I do approximate matching?
575 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
577 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
579 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
581 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
583 =item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
585 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
587 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
591 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
593 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date:
594 1997/04/24 22:44:14 $)
600 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
602 =item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
605 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
608 =item How do I skip some return values?
610 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
612 =item What's an extension?
614 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
616 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
618 =item How do I create a module?
620 =item How do I create a class?
622 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
624 =item What's a closure?
626 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
628 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
631 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps,
634 =item How do I create a static variable?
636 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
637 Between local() and my()?
639 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
642 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
644 =item Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
646 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
648 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
650 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
652 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
654 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
656 =item How can I find out my current package?
658 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
662 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
664 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
671 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
673 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
675 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
677 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
679 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
681 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
683 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
685 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
687 =item How do I start a process in the background?
689 STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
691 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
693 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
695 =item How do I set the time and date?
697 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
699 =item How can I measure time under a second?
701 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
703 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
704 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
706 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
708 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
710 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
712 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
714 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
716 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
718 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
720 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
722 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
724 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
727 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
729 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
731 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
733 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
736 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
737 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
738 changes to be visible?
742 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
745 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
747 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
749 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
751 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
753 =item How do I set CPU limits?
755 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
757 =item How do I use an SQL database?
759 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
761 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
763 =item How do I install a CPAN module?
765 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
767 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
770 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
774 =item How do I get one key from the terminal at a time, under POSIX?
776 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
782 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
785 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
787 =item How do I extract URLs?
789 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
790 file on another machine?
792 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
794 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
796 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
798 =item How do I redirect to another page?
800 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
802 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
804 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
805 CGI script to do bad things?
807 =item How do I parse an email header?
809 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
811 =item How do I check a valid email address?
813 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
815 =item How do I return the user's email address?
817 =item How do I send/read mail?
819 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
821 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
823 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
825 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
829 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
831 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 1997/04/23 18:12:06
838 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
841 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
843 =item How do I extract URLs?
845 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
846 file on another machine?
848 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
850 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
852 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
854 =item How do I redirect to another page?
856 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
858 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
860 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
861 CGI script to do bad things?
863 =item How do I parse an email header?
865 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
867 =item How do I check a valid email address?
869 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
871 =item How do I return the user's email address?
873 =item How do I send/read mail?
875 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
877 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
879 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
881 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
885 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
887 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
891 =item Supported Environments
897 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
899 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
901 =item Limitations on B<-M>, and C<-m>, and B<-T> options
903 =item More precise warnings
905 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
907 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
909 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
911 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
913 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
915 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
917 =item Changes to tainting checks
919 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
921 =item Embedding improvements
923 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
925 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
927 =item New and changed syntax
931 =item New and changed builtin constants
935 =item New and changed builtin variables
939 =item New and changed builtin functions
941 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
942 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
943 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//g> does not
944 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
945 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
947 =item New builtin methods
949 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
951 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
953 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
954 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
956 =item Malloc enhancements
958 -DDEBUGGING_MSTATS, -DEMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
960 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
964 =item Support for More Operating Systems
980 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
981 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
987 =item Required Updates
989 =item Installation directories
991 =item Module information summary
1005 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
1009 =item Utility Changes
1015 Sends converted HTML to standard output
1019 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
1023 =item C Language API Changes
1025 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
1028 =item Documentation Changes
1030 L<perldelta>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, L<perldebug>,
1033 =item New Diagnostics
1035 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
1036 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
1037 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
1038 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
1039 Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s
1040 ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s'
1041 in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s
1042 undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting
1043 pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage
1044 return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number,
1045 Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid
1046 conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack:
1047 '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in
1048 formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during
1049 request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw()
1050 list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s}
1051 better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s'
1052 overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for "B<-T>" option, untie
1053 attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s,
1054 Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is
1055 deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may
1056 be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's
1057 wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from
1058 DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process
1067 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1073 =item Variable names
1079 =item Scalar value constructors
1081 =item List value constructors
1083 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1087 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1095 =item Simple statements
1097 =item Compound statements
1105 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1109 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1111 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1115 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1123 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1125 =item The Arrow Operator
1127 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1129 =item Exponentiation
1131 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1133 =item Binding Operators
1135 =item Multiplicative Operators
1137 =item Additive Operators
1139 =item Shift Operators
1141 =item Named Unary Operators
1143 =item Relational Operators
1145 =item Equality Operators
1149 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1151 =item C-style Logical And
1153 =item C-style Logical Or
1155 =item Range Operator
1157 =item Conditional Operator
1159 =item Assignment Operators
1161 =item Comma Operator
1163 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1169 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
1171 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1173 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1175 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1177 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1179 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1180 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1181 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1182 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
1186 =item Constant Folding
1188 =item Integer Arithmetic
1190 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1194 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1202 =item Regular Expressions
1204 (?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
1208 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1210 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
1216 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1224 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1226 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
1230 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
1231 B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1232 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1233 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1234 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1235 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
1241 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB,
1242 PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1244 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1248 I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
1252 =item Perl Functions by Category
1254 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1255 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1256 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1257 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1258 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1259 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1260 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1261 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1262 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1263 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1266 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1268 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1269 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1270 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1271 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1272 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1273 close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
1274 cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE,
1275 defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
1276 SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (),
1277 eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR,
1278 exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
1279 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
1280 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
1281 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
1282 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
1283 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
1284 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
1285 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
1286 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
1287 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
1288 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
1289 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
1290 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
1291 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
1292 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst
1293 EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
1294 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log EXPR, log, lstat
1295 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir
1296 FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS,
1297 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST,
1298 oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1299 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, pipe
1300 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
1301 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
1302 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
1303 qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
1304 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir
1305 DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo
1306 LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require,
1307 reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
1308 rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
1309 scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
1310 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
1311 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1312 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1313 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1314 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1315 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1316 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1317 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1318 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1319 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1320 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1321 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1322 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET,
1323 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
1324 sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1325 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1326 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, syswrite
1327 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell
1328 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
1329 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
1330 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
1331 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
1332 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST,
1333 use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1334 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1338 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1344 =item Predefined Names
1346 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1347 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
1348 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1349 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
1350 $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1351 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
1352 $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1353 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1354 format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1355 format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
1356 EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1357 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1358 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1359 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1360 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1361 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1362 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1363 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME,
1364 $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
1365 $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}, $^M
1369 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1377 =item Private Variables via my()
1379 =item Temporary Values via local()
1381 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1383 =item Pass by Reference
1387 =item Constant Functions
1389 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
1397 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
1407 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1417 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
1421 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1425 =item Pragmatic Modules
1427 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics, integer, less,
1428 lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap, strict, subs, vmsish, vars
1430 =item Standard Modules
1432 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
1433 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
1434 DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
1435 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
1436 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
1437 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fcntl,
1438 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find,
1439 File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
1440 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle,
1441 IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
1442 Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File,
1443 Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode,
1444 Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader,
1445 Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap,
1446 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
1447 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash,
1448 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
1449 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
1451 =item Extension Modules
1457 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1458 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1459 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1460 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1461 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1462 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1463 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1464 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1465 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1466 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1467 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1468 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1469 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
1472 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1476 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1478 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1479 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1480 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1481 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1482 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1483 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1484 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1485 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1486 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1487 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1488 care when changing a released module
1490 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1492 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
1493 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
1494 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
1495 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
1497 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1499 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
1500 applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
1501 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
1502 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
1503 can then be reduced to a small
1509 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1515 =item Format Variables
1525 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1531 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1536 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1542 =item The use locale pragma
1544 =item The setlocale function
1546 =item The localeconv function
1550 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1554 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1556 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1558 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1560 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1564 =item Other categories
1570 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
1571 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
1572 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
1573 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
1574 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
1575 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
1576 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
1577 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
1578 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
1583 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
1590 =item Backward compatibility
1592 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1594 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1596 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1598 =item Freely available locale definitions
1602 =item An imperfect standard
1610 =item Broken systems
1618 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1624 =item Symbolic references
1626 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1634 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
1638 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
1639 more elaborate constructs
1643 =item COMMON MISTAKES
1645 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
1647 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
1653 =item LISTS OF LISTS
1657 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
1659 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
1661 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
1665 =item HASHES OF LISTS
1669 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
1671 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
1673 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
1677 =item LISTS OF HASHES
1681 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
1683 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
1685 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
1689 =item HASHES OF HASHES
1693 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
1695 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
1697 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
1701 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1705 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1707 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1709 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1719 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
1723 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
1725 =item Growing Your Own
1727 =item Access and Printing
1735 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1739 =item Creating a Class
1743 =item Object Representation
1745 =item Class Interface
1747 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1749 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1753 =item Other Object Methods
1761 =item Accessing Class Data
1763 =item Debugging Methods
1765 =item Class Destructors
1767 =item Documenting the Interface
1777 =item Overridden Methods
1779 =item Multiple Inheritance
1781 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1785 =item Alternate Object Representations
1789 =item Arrays as Objects
1791 =item Closures as Objects
1795 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1799 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1801 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1805 =item Metaclassical Tools
1811 =item Data Members as Variables
1815 =item Object Terminology
1825 =item Acknowledgments
1829 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1835 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1837 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1839 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1841 =item Method Invocation
1843 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1845 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1853 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1859 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1869 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
1873 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1878 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1879 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1880 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
1882 =item Tying FileHandles
1884 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
1885 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
1887 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1897 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1901 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1903 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1905 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1907 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1909 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1911 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1913 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1915 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1917 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1919 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1923 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1924 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1932 =item Using open() for IPC
1938 =item Background Processes
1940 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1942 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1944 =item Bidirectional Communication
1948 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1952 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1954 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1956 =item UDP: Message Passing
1972 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1976 =item The Perl Debugger
1980 =item Debugger Commands
1982 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1983 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
1984 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
1985 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1986 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1987 command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C<recallCommand>,
1988 C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>,
1989 C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
1990 C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>,
1991 C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
1992 C<DumpPackages>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>,
1993 C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command,
1994 E<gt> command, E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, !
1995 -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, =
1996 [alias value], command, m expr, m package
1998 =item Debugger input/output
2000 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
2002 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2004 =item Debugger Customization
2006 =item Readline Support
2008 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2010 =item The Perl Profiler
2012 =item Debugger support in perl
2014 =item Debugger Internals
2016 =item Other resources
2022 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2026 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2032 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2034 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2036 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2040 =item Protecting Your Programs
2044 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
2060 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
2062 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
2063 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
2064 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
2065 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
2067 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
2069 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
2070 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
2071 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
2075 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
2077 =item Numerical Traps
2079 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
2081 =item General data type traps
2083 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
2084 (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
2086 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
2088 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
2090 =item Precedence Traps
2092 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
2095 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
2097 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
2098 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
2099 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
2101 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
2103 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
2109 =item Interpolation Traps
2111 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
2112 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2118 =item Unclassified Traps
2124 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
2128 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
2132 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2134 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
2140 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
2144 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2152 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
2153 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
2157 =item Compiling your C program
2159 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2161 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2163 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2165 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
2167 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2169 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2171 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2173 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2184 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2190 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
2191 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
2192 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
2193 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
2194 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(s,f)>,
2195 B<PerlIO_putc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
2196 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
2197 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
2198 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
2199 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
2203 =item Co-existence with stdio
2205 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
2206 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
2207 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
2208 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
2209 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
2210 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
2214 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2224 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
2226 =item The Argument Stack
2228 =item The RETVAL Variable
2230 =item The MODULE Keyword
2232 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
2234 =item The PREFIX Keyword
2236 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
2238 =item The CODE: Keyword
2240 =item The INIT: Keyword
2242 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
2244 =item Initializing Function Parameters
2246 =item Default Parameter Values
2248 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
2250 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
2252 =item The INPUT: Keyword
2254 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
2256 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
2258 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
2260 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
2262 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
2264 =item The BOOT: Keyword
2266 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
2268 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
2270 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
2272 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
2274 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
2276 =item The CASE: Keyword
2278 =item The & Unary Operator
2280 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
2282 =item Using XS With C++
2284 =item Interface Strategy
2286 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
2298 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
2304 =item VERSION CAVEAT
2306 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
2312 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
2314 =item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
2318 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
2320 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
2322 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
2324 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
2330 =item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
2332 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
2334 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
2336 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
2338 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
2340 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
2350 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
2360 =item What is an "IV"?
2362 =item Working with SVs
2364 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
2366 =item Working with AVs
2368 =item Working with HVs
2370 =item Hash API Extensions
2374 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
2376 =item Creating New Variables
2378 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
2380 =item Stashes and Globs
2382 =item Double-Typed SVs
2384 =item Magic Variables
2386 =item Assigning Magic
2388 =item Magic Virtual Tables
2398 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
2400 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
2402 =item Memory Allocation
2406 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
2410 =item Scratchpads and recursion
2420 =item Examining the tree
2422 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
2424 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
2426 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
2428 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
2434 AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
2435 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
2436 DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
2437 dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
2438 GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
2439 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH,
2440 HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
2441 hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent,
2442 hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv,
2443 hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
2444 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
2445 isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
2446 mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
2447 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
2448 newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
2449 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
2450 perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv,
2451 perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
2452 perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
2453 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
2454 saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
2455 strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
2456 sv_catpvn, sv_catpvf, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec,
2457 sv_dec, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
2458 SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
2459 sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
2460 SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
2461 SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
2462 SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
2463 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
2464 sv_setpvf, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
2465 sv_setsv, SvSTASH, SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG,
2466 SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref,
2467 sv_usepvn, sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
2468 XPUSHs, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
2469 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV,
2470 XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
2477 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
2481 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
2483 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
2485 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
2505 =item Determining the Context
2509 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
2515 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
2517 =item Passing Parameters
2519 =item Returning a Scalar
2521 =item Returning a list of values
2523 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
2525 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
2529 =item Using G_KEEPERR
2531 =item Using perl_call_sv
2533 =item Using perl_call_argv
2535 =item Using perl_call_method
2539 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
2541 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
2543 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
2544 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
2547 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
2549 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
2559 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
2561 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
2575 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
2585 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
2593 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
2601 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
2610 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
2612 =item The I<splain> Program
2624 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
2631 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
2637 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
2645 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
2647 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
2649 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
2657 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
2664 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
2672 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
2676 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
2682 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
2684 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
2686 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
2688 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
2690 =item Overloadable Operations
2692 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
2693 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
2694 and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
2696 =item Inheritance and overloading
2698 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
2699 is inherited by derived classes
2703 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
2711 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
2713 =item Copy Constructor
2719 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
2721 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
2722 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
2723 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
2727 =item Run-time Overloading
2729 =item Public functions
2731 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
2733 =item IMPLEMENTATION
2741 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
2751 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
2753 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
2757 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
2761 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
2767 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
2773 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
2775 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
2781 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
2787 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
2789 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
2797 =item DBM Comparisons
2805 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
2813 =item Subroutine Stubs
2815 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2817 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2819 =item Package Lexicals
2821 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
2829 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
2839 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
2851 =item Standard Exports
2853 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
2854 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
2855 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]] )
2857 =item Optional Exports
2859 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
2871 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
2873 =head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
2883 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
2895 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
2897 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
2899 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
2901 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
2903 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
2905 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
2907 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
2909 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
2911 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
2913 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
2915 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
2917 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
2919 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
2921 =item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
2923 =item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
2925 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
2927 =item CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
2929 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
2931 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
2935 =item CREATING FORMS
2939 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
2941 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
2943 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
2945 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
2949 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
2951 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
2953 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
2957 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
2959 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
2963 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
2967 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
2971 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
2975 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
2979 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
2981 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
2983 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
2987 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
2989 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
2991 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
2993 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
2997 =item NETSCAPE COOKIES
2999 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
3000 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
3002 =item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
3004 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
3005 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
3012 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
3016 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
3018 B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
3019 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
3020 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
3021 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
3022 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
3025 =item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS
3029 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
3031 =item Generating new HTML tags
3035 =item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
3037 B<cgi>, B<form>, B<html2>, B<html3>, B<netscape>, B<shortcuts>,
3040 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
3042 In the B<use> statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be
3043 imported into your script:, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using
3044 B<-nph> parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
3046 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3050 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
3051 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
3052 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
3053 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
3054 Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
3055 Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
3056 Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
3057 (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
3058 Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
3059 (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
3060 (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
3062 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
3068 =head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
3082 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
3089 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
3091 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
3099 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
3105 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
3107 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
3109 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
3111 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
3115 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3121 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
3127 =item USING CGI::Push
3129 -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
3131 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
3135 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3141 =head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
3152 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
3160 =item Interactive Mode
3162 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
3163 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
3172 =item The 4 Classes: Authors, Bundles, Modules, Distributions
3174 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
3176 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
3186 =item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
3192 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
3193 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
3194 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
3207 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
3213 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
3222 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
3228 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
3236 =item The C<struct()> function
3238 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
3240 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
3241 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
3247 Example 1, Example 2
3249 =item Author and Modification History
3251 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
3257 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
3265 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
3271 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB
3277 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
3281 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
3283 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
3285 =item Default Parameters
3287 =item In Memory Databases
3295 =item A Simple Example
3303 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
3305 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
3307 =item The get_dup() Method
3309 =item Matching Partial Keys
3317 =item The 'bval' Option
3319 =item A Simple Example
3323 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
3324 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
3326 =item Another Example
3330 =item THE API INTERFACE
3332 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
3333 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
3334 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
3335 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
3337 =item HINTS AND TIPS
3341 =item Locking Databases
3343 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
3345 =item The untie() Gotcha
3349 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
3353 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
3355 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
3357 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
3359 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
3373 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
3379 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
3385 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
3391 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
3392 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
3393 dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
3394 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
3399 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
3406 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
3414 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
3422 =item Selecting What To Export
3424 =item Specialised Import Lists
3426 =item Module Version Checking
3428 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
3430 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
3434 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
3441 cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
3442 source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
3443 directory.., test_f file
3451 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
3461 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
3462 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
3470 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
3476 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
3482 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
3488 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
3498 =item VMS implementation
3504 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3511 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
3521 =item Preloaded methods
3523 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
3525 =item SelfLoaded methods
3527 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
3528 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
3529 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
3530 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
3531 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
3533 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
3535 force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others,
3536 install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o),
3537 makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
3538 maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru
3539 (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
3540 post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
3541 (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
3542 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
3543 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
3544 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
3550 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3559 =item Methods always loaded
3561 eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
3562 rootdir (override), updir (override)
3564 =item SelfLoaded methods
3566 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
3567 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
3568 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
3569 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
3570 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
3571 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
3572 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
3573 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
3574 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
3575 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
3576 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
3577 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
3578 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
3579 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
3584 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3591 catfile, static_lib (o), dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script,
3592 pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override), tools_other
3593 (o), manifypods (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
3595 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
3603 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
3605 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
3613 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
3617 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
3619 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
3621 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
3623 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
3625 C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
3626 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC,
3627 INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
3628 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
3629 INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
3630 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
3631 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
3632 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
3633 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
3634 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
3637 =item Additional lowercase attributes
3639 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
3642 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
3644 =item Hintsfile support
3646 =item Distribution Support
3648 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
3649 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
3650 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
3658 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
3668 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
3672 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
3673 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
3679 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
3687 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
3693 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
3700 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
3706 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
3712 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
3720 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
3722 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
3728 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
3732 C<basename>, C<dirname>
3734 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
3740 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
3750 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
3758 =item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)
3760 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
3768 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
3774 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
3784 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
3794 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
3802 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
3808 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
3812 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
3818 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
3828 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
3840 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
3847 E<lt>noneE<gt>, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f
3851 =item Linkage specification
3853 =item Aliases and abbreviations
3855 =item Non-option call-back routine
3857 =item Option starters
3867 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
3869 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
3870 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
3871 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
3872 reset), debug (default: reset)
3874 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
3876 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
3878 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
3885 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
3892 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
3898 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3906 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3910 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3916 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
3924 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3928 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
3929 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
3930 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
3940 =head2 IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3948 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3952 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
3960 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
3970 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
3982 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
3983 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
3984 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
3992 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
4004 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4011 =item IO::Socket::INET
4015 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4018 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4022 hostpath(), peerpath()
4032 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
4040 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
4044 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
4050 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
4059 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
4063 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
4064 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
4065 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
4075 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
4083 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
4087 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
4095 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
4106 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
4119 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
4120 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
4121 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
4129 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
4142 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4149 =item IO::Socket::INET
4153 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4156 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4160 hostpath(), peerpath()
4170 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
4180 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
4189 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
4195 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
4201 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
4207 Canonical notation, Input, Output
4215 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
4226 =item STRINGIFICATION
4230 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4236 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
4242 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
4246 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4248 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
4252 =item ANGLE CONVERSIONS
4258 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
4264 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
4274 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
4275 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
4283 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
4296 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
4309 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
4320 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
4333 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
4339 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
4349 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
4351 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
4352 or optag, an operator set (opset)
4354 =item Opcode Functions
4356 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
4357 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
4358 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
4361 =item Manipulating Opsets
4365 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
4367 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
4368 :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
4369 :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
4375 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
4382 a new namespace, an operator mask
4388 =item RECENT CHANGES
4390 =item Methods in class Safe
4392 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4393 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4394 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4395 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4397 =item Some Safety Issues
4399 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4405 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
4414 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
4426 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
4427 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
4428 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
4429 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
4430 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
4431 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
4432 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
4433 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
4434 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
4435 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
4436 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
4437 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
4438 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
4439 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
4440 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
4441 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
4442 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
4443 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
4444 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
4445 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
4446 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
4447 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
4448 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
4449 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
4450 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
4451 wcstombs, wctomb, write
4457 =item POSIX::SigAction
4463 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
4465 =item POSIX::Termios
4467 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
4468 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
4469 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
4470 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
4471 values, c_oflag field values
4475 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
4479 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
4483 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
4541 =head2 Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML
4549 help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
4550 nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
4562 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
4572 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
4578 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
4584 a new namespace, an operator mask
4590 =item RECENT CHANGES
4592 =item Methods in class Safe
4594 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4595 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4596 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4597 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4599 =item Some Safety Issues
4601 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4607 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
4613 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
4619 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
4627 =item The __DATA__ token
4629 =item SelfLoader autoloading
4631 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
4633 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
4635 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
4637 =item Classes and inherited methods.
4641 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
4643 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
4651 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
4652 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
4658 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
4659 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
4660 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
4661 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
4662 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
4664 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
4670 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
4678 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
4679 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
4685 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
4686 setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog
4696 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
4704 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
4710 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
4718 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
4719 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
4725 =item Minimal set of supported functions
4727 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
4728 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
4730 =item Additional supported functions
4736 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
4744 =item The test script output
4752 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
4753 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
4754 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
4763 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
4771 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens
4779 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
4792 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
4803 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
4815 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
4821 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
4822 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
4826 =item MORE INFORMATION
4828 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
4842 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
4849 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
4851 =item MORE INFORMATION
4853 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
4861 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
4867 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
4878 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
4889 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
4897 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
4903 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( VAL, TYPE ),
4906 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
4917 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
4928 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
4930 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
4931 don't all have manual pages yet:
4953 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob