2 # !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
3 # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
4 # Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
8 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
12 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
13 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
14 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
16 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
18 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
30 =item Reference Manual
32 =item Internals and C Language Interface
36 =item Language-Specific
38 =item Platform-Specific
62 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
72 =item Running Perl programs
74 =item Basic syntax overview
76 =item Perl variable types
78 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
80 =item Variable scoping
82 =item Conditional and looping constructs
84 if, while, for, foreach
86 =item Builtin operators and functions
88 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
93 =item Regular expressions
95 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
96 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
98 =item Writing subroutines
102 =item Using Perl modules
110 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
116 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
124 =item Making References
126 =item Using References
144 =item Distribution Conditions
150 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
156 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
157 more elaborate constructs
160 X<reference> X<dereference> X<dereferencing> X<pointer>
162 =item COMMON MISTAKES
164 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
165 X<dereference, precedence> X<dereferencing, precedence>
167 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
170 X<data structure, debugging> X<complex data structure, debugging>
171 X<AoA, debugging> X<HoA, debugging> X<AoH, debugging> X<HoH, debugging>
172 X<array of arrays, debugging> X<hash of arrays, debugging>
173 X<array of hashes, debugging> X<hash of hashes, debugging>
177 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
178 X<array of arrays> X<AoA>
182 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
184 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
186 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
190 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
191 X<hash of arrays> X<HoA>
195 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
197 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
199 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
203 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
204 X<array of hashes> X<AoH>
208 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
210 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
212 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
216 =item HASHES OF HASHES
217 X<hass of hashes> X<HoH>
221 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
223 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
225 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
229 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
230 X<record> X<structure> X<struct>
234 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
236 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
238 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
250 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
258 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
260 =item Growing Your Own
262 =item Access and Printing
274 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
284 =item Simple word matching
286 =item Using character classes
288 =item Matching this or that
290 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
292 =item Extracting matches
294 =item Matching repetitions
298 =item Search and replace
300 =item The split operator
308 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
312 =item Acknowledgments
318 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
324 =item Part 1: The basics
328 =item Simple word matching
330 =item Using character classes
332 =item Matching this or that
334 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
336 =item Extracting matches
338 =item Matching repetitions
340 =item Building a regexp
342 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
346 =item Part 2: Power tools
350 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
352 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
354 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
356 =item Non-capturing groupings
358 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
360 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
362 =item Conditional expressions
364 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
366 =item Pragmas and debugging
374 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
378 =item Acknowledgments
384 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
392 =item If we could talk to the animals...
394 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
396 =item Invoking a barnyard
398 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
400 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
402 =item Inheriting the windpipes
404 =item A few notes about @ISA
406 =item Overriding the methods
408 =item Starting the search from a different place
410 =item The SUPER way of doing things
412 =item Where we're at so far...
414 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
416 =item Invoking an instance method
418 =item Accessing the instance data
420 =item How to build a horse
422 =item Inheriting the constructor
424 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
426 =item Adding parameters to a method
428 =item More interesting instances
430 =item A horse of a different color
442 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
448 =item Creating a Class
452 =item Object Representation
454 =item Class Interface
456 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
458 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
462 =item Other Object Methods
470 =item Accessing Class Data
472 =item Debugging Methods
474 =item Class Destructors
476 =item Documenting the Interface
486 =item Overridden Methods
488 =item Multiple Inheritance
490 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
494 =item Alternate Object Representations
498 =item Arrays as Objects
500 =item Closures as Objects
504 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
508 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
510 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
514 =item Metaclassical Tools
520 =item Data Members as Variables
528 =item Object Terminology
534 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
540 =item Acknowledgments
546 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
552 =item Class Data in a Can
554 =item Class Data as Package Variables
558 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
560 =item Inheritance Concerns
562 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
564 =item Indirect References to Class Data
566 =item Monadic Classes
568 =item Translucent Attributes
572 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
576 =item Privacy and Responsibility
578 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
580 =item More Inheritance Concerns
582 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
584 =item Translucency Revisited
592 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
594 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
600 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
606 =item OO SCALING TIPS
608 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
610 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
612 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
614 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
616 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
618 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
620 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
622 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
624 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
632 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
640 =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
652 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
660 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
678 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
680 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
681 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
682 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
683 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
685 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
687 Symbols starting with "_" no longer forced into main, Double-colon valid
688 package separator in variable name, 2nd and 3rd args to C<splice()> are now
689 in scalar context, Can't do C<goto> into a block that is optimized away,
690 Can't use whitespace as variable name or quote delimiter, C<while/if BLOCK
691 BLOCK> gone, C<**> binds tighter than unary minus, C<foreach> changed when
692 iterating over a list, C<split> with no args behavior changed, B<-e>
693 behavior fixed, C<push> returns number of elements in resulting list, Some
694 error messages differ, C<split()> honors subroutine args, Bugs removed
698 Space between . and = triggers syntax error, Better parsing in perl 5,
699 Function parsing, String interpolation of C<$#array> differs, Perl guesses
700 on C<map>, C<grep> followed by C<{> if it starts BLOCK or hash ref
702 =item Numerical Traps
704 Formatted output and significant digits, Auto-increment operator over
705 signed int limit deleted, Assignment of return values from numeric equality
706 tests doesn't work, Bitwise string ops
708 =item General data type traps
710 Negative array subscripts now count from the end of array, Setting
711 C<$#array> lower now discards array elements, Hashes get defined before
712 use, Glob assignment from localized variable to variable, Assigning
713 C<undef> to glob, Changes in unary negation (of strings), Modifying of
714 constants prohibited, C<defined $var> behavior changed, Variable Suicide
716 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
718 Elements of argument lists for formats evaluated in list context,
719 C<caller()> returns false value in scalar context if no caller present,
720 Comma operator in scalar context gives scalar context to args, C<sprintf()>
721 prototyped as C<($;@)>
723 =item Precedence Traps
725 LHS vs. RHS of any assignment operator, Semantic errors introduced due to
726 precedence, Precedence of assignment operators same as the precedence of
727 assignment, C<open> requires parentheses around filehandle, C<$:>
728 precedence over C<$::> gone, Precedence of file test operators documented,
729 C<keys>, C<each>, C<values> are regular named unary operators
731 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
733 C<s'$lhs'$rhs'> interpolates on either side, C<m//g> attaches its state to
734 the searched string, C<m//o> used within an anonymous sub, C<$+> isn't set
735 to whole match, Substitution now returns null string if it fails,
736 C<s`lhs`rhs`> is now a normal substitution, Stricter parsing of variables
737 in regular expressions, C<m?x?> matches only once, Failed matches don't
738 reset the match variables
740 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
742 Barewords that used to look like strings look like subroutine calls,
743 Reverse is no longer allowed as the name of a sort subroutine, C<warn()>
744 won't let you specify a filehandle
748 SysV resets signal handler correctly, SysV C<seek()> appends correctly
750 =item Interpolation Traps
752 C<@> always interpolates an array in double-quotish strings, Double-quoted
753 strings may no longer end with an unescaped $, Arbitrary expressions are
754 evaluated inside braces within double quotes, C<$$x> now tries to
755 dereference $x, Creation of hashes on the fly with C<eval "EXPR"> requires
756 protection, Bugs in earlier perl versions, Array and hash brackets during
757 interpolation, Interpolation of C<\$$foo{bar}>, C<qq()> string passed to
758 C<eval> will not find string terminator
762 Perl5 must have been linked with same dbm/ndbm as the default for
763 C<dbmopen()>, DBM exceeding limit on the key/value size will cause perl5 to
766 =item Unclassified Traps
768 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
775 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
783 =item Looking at data and -w and v
787 =item Stepping through code
789 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
791 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
809 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl
817 =item Where to get the perlfaq
819 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
821 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
828 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
830 =item Table of Contents
832 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
833 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
834 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
835 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
836 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
842 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
844 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
846 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
848 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
850 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
852 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
854 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
856 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
858 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
864 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date:
865 2005/12/31 00:54:37 $)
875 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
877 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
879 =item What are perl4, perl5, or perl6?
885 =item How stable is Perl?
887 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
889 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
892 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
894 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
896 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
898 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
900 =item What is a JAPH?
902 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
904 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
905 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
909 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
913 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.39 $,
914 $Date: 2006/01/08 14:27:07 $)
922 =item What machines support perl? Where do I get it?
924 =item How can I get a binary version of perl?
926 =item I don't have a C compiler. How can I build my own Perl interpreter?
928 =item I copied the perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
931 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
932 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
934 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
935 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
937 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
939 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
941 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
943 =item Where should I post source code?
947 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
949 =item Which magazines have Perl content?
951 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
953 =item Where are the archives for comp.lang.perl.misc?
955 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of perl?
957 =item Where do I send bug reports?
959 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
963 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
967 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.56 $, $Date: 2005/12/31
976 =item How do I do (anything)?
978 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
980 =item Is there a Perl shell?
982 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
984 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
986 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
988 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
990 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
992 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
994 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
996 Eclipse, Enginsite, Komodo, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, PerlBuilder,
997 visiPerl+, Visual Perl, Zeus, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis,
998 Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, Affrus,
999 Alpha, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite
1001 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
1003 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
1005 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
1007 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
1009 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
1011 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
1013 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
1014 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
1016 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
1018 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
1020 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
1022 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
1024 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
1026 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
1028 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
1030 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
1032 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
1034 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
1036 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
1038 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl?
1040 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C
1041 program; what am I doing wrong?
1043 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
1045 =item What's MakeMaker?
1049 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1053 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.73 $, $Date: 2005/12/31
1064 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
1065 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
1067 =item Why is int() broken?
1069 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
1071 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
1074 =item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
1076 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
1077 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
1078 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
1079 from decimal to binary
1081 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
1083 =item How do I multiply matrices?
1085 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
1087 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
1089 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
1091 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
1099 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
1101 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
1103 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
1105 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
1107 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
1109 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
1111 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
1119 =item How do I validate input?
1121 =item How do I unescape a string?
1123 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
1125 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
1127 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
1129 =item How do I reverse a string?
1131 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
1133 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
1135 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
1137 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1139 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
1142 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
1144 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
1147 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
1149 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
1151 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
1153 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
1155 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
1157 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
1159 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
1161 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
1162 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
1171 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
1173 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
1175 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
1177 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
1180 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
1181 intersection of two arrays?
1183 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
1185 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
1187 =item How do I handle linked lists?
1189 =item How do I handle circular lists?
1191 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
1193 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
1195 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
1197 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
1199 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
1201 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
1203 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
1207 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
1211 =item How do I process an entire hash?
1213 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
1216 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
1218 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
1220 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
1222 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
1224 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
1226 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
1228 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
1230 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
1232 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
1234 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
1236 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
1239 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
1240 array of hashes or arrays?
1242 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
1250 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
1252 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
1254 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
1256 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
1258 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
1260 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
1262 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
1266 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1270 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.42 $, $Date: 2005/12/31
1279 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
1280 X<flush> X<buffer> X<unbuffer> X<autoflush>
1282 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
1283 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
1286 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
1287 X<file, counting lines> X<lines> X<line>
1289 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
1292 =item How can I copy a file?
1293 X<copy> X<file, copy>
1295 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
1298 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
1299 X<fixed-length> X<file, fixed-length records>
1301 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
1302 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
1303 X<filehandle, local> X<filehandle, passing> X<filehandle, reference>
1305 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
1306 X<filehandle, indirect>
1308 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
1311 =item How can I write() into a string?
1312 X<write, into a string>
1314 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
1317 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
1318 X<tilde> X<tilde expansion>
1320 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
1321 X<clobber> X<read-write> X<clobbering> X<truncate> X<truncating>
1323 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
1325 X<argument list too long>
1327 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
1330 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
1331 X<filename, special characters>
1333 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
1334 X<rename> X<mv> X<move> X<file, rename> X<ren>
1336 =item How can I lock a file?
1337 X<lock> X<file, lock> X<flock>
1339 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
1340 X<lock, lockfile race condition>
1342 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
1343 the file. How can I do this?
1344 X<counter> X<file, counter>
1346 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
1347 file. Do I still have to use locking?
1348 X<append> X<file, append>
1350 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
1351 X<file, binary patch>
1353 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
1354 X<timestamp> X<file, timestamp>
1356 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
1357 X<timestamp> X<file, timestamp>
1359 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
1360 X<print, to multiple files>
1362 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
1363 X<slurp> X<file, slurping>
1365 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
1366 X<file, reading by paragraphs>
1368 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
1369 X<getc> X<file, reading one character at a time>
1371 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
1373 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
1376 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
1379 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
1380 X<file, closing file descriptors>
1382 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
1383 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
1384 X<filename, DOS issues>
1386 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
1389 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
1390 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
1392 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
1393 X<file, selecting a random line>
1395 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
1399 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1403 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 2005/12/31
1412 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
1413 and unmaintainable code?
1414 X<regex, legibility> X<regexp, legibility>
1415 X<regular expression, legibility> X</x>
1417 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
1419 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
1420 X<regex, multiline> X<regexp, multiline> X<regular expression, multiline>
1422 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
1426 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
1427 X<$/, regexes in> X<$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, regexes in>
1430 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
1432 X<replace, case preserving> X<substitute, case preserving>
1433 X<substitution, case preserving> X<s, case preserving>
1435 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
1438 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
1441 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
1442 X<regex, escaping> X<regexp, escaping> X<regular expression, escaping>
1444 =item What is C</o> really for?
1447 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
1450 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
1451 X<regex, matching balanced test> X<regexp, matching balanced test>
1452 X<regular expression, matching balanced test>
1454 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
1455 X<greedy> X<greediness>
1457 =item How do I process each word on each line?
1460 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
1462 =item How can I do approximate matching?
1463 X<match, approximate> X<matching, approximate>
1465 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
1466 X<regex, efficiency> X<regexp, efficiency>
1467 X<regular expression, efficiency>
1469 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
1472 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
1473 X<$MATCH> X<$&> X<$POSTMATCH> X<$'> X<$PREMATCH> X<$`>
1475 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
1478 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
1479 X<DFA> X<NFA> X<POSIX>
1481 =item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
1484 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
1485 X<regex, and multibyte characters> X<regexp, and multibyte characters>
1486 X<regular expression, and multibyte characters>
1488 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
1492 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1496 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
1497 2005/12/31 00:54:37 $)
1505 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
1507 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
1510 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
1513 =item How do I skip some return values?
1515 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
1517 =item What's an extension?
1519 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
1521 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
1523 =item How do I create a module?
1525 =item How do I create a class?
1527 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
1529 =item What's a closure?
1531 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
1533 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
1536 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
1539 =item How do I create a static variable?
1541 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
1542 Between local() and my()?
1544 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
1547 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
1549 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
1551 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
1553 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
1555 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
1557 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
1560 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1562 =item How can I find out my current package?
1564 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
1566 =item How do I clear a package?
1568 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
1570 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
1574 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1578 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 2005/12/31
1587 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
1589 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
1591 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
1593 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
1595 =item How do I print something out in color?
1597 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
1599 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
1601 =item How do I clear the screen?
1603 =item How do I get the screen size?
1605 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
1607 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
1609 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
1611 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
1613 =item How do I start a process in the background?
1615 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
1617 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
1619 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
1621 =item How do I set the time and date?
1623 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
1625 =item How can I measure time under a second?
1627 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
1629 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
1630 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
1632 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
1634 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
1636 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1638 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1640 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1642 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1644 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1646 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1648 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1650 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1653 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1655 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1657 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1659 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1662 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
1663 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
1664 changes to be visible?
1668 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1671 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1673 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1675 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1677 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1679 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1681 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1683 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1685 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1687 =item How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and perl?
1689 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1691 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1693 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1695 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1698 =item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
1700 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1704 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1708 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 2005/12/31 00:54:37
1717 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
1719 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1722 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1724 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1726 =item How do I extract URLs?
1728 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1729 file on another machine?
1731 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
1733 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1735 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1737 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1739 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1741 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1743 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1745 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1746 CGI script to do bad things?
1748 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1750 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1752 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1754 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1756 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1758 =item How do I send mail?
1760 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
1762 =item How do I read mail?
1764 =item How do I find out my hostname, domainname, or IP address?
1765 X<hostname, domainname, IP address, host, domain, hostfqdn, inet_ntoa,
1766 gethostbyname, Socket, Net::Domain, Sys::Hostname>
1768 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1770 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1772 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1776 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1780 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1789 X<declaration> X<undef> X<undefined> X<uninitialized>
1794 =item Simple Statements
1795 X<statement> X<semicolon> X<expression> X<;>
1797 =item Truth and Falsehood
1798 X<truth> X<falsehood> X<true> X<false> X<!> X<not> X<negation> X<0>
1800 =item Statement Modifiers
1801 X<statement modifier> X<modifier> X<if> X<unless> X<while>
1802 X<until> X<foreach> X<for>
1804 =item Compound Statements
1805 X<statement, compound> X<block> X<bracket, curly> X<curly bracket> X<brace>
1806 X<{> X<}> X<if> X<unless> X<while> X<until> X<foreach> X<for> X<continue>
1809 X<loop control> X<loop, control> X<next> X<last> X<redo> X<continue>
1820 =item Switch statements
1821 X<switch> X<case> X<given> X<when> X<default>
1828 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1829 X<POD> X<documentation>
1831 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1832 X<comment> X<line> X<#> X<preprocessor> X<eval>
1838 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1846 =item Variable names
1847 X<variable, name> X<variable name> X<data type> X<type>
1850 X<context> X<scalar context> X<list context>
1853 X<scalar> X<number> X<string> X<reference>
1855 =item Scalar value constructors
1856 X<scalar, literal> X<scalar, constant>
1858 =item List value constructors
1864 X<slice> X<array, slice> X<hash, slice>
1866 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1867 X<typeglob> X<filehandle> X<*>
1875 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1883 =item Operator Precedence and Associativity
1884 X<operator, precedence> X<precedence> X<associativity>
1886 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1887 X<list operator> X<operator, list> X<term>
1889 =item The Arrow Operator
1890 X<arrow> X<dereference> X<< -> >>
1892 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1893 X<increment> X<auto-increment> X<++> X<decrement> X<auto-decrement> X<-->
1895 =item Exponentiation
1896 X<**> X<exponentiation> X<power>
1898 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1899 X<unary operator> X<operator, unary>
1901 =item Binding Operators
1902 X<binding> X<operator, binding> X<=~> X<!~>
1904 =item Multiplicative Operators
1905 X<operator, multiplicative>
1907 =item Additive Operators
1908 X<operator, additive>
1910 =item Shift Operators
1911 X<shift operator> X<operator, shift> X<<< << >>>
1912 X<<< >> >>> X<right shift> X<left shift> X<bitwise shift>
1913 X<shl> X<shr> X<shift, right> X<shift, left>
1915 =item Named Unary Operators
1916 X<operator, named unary>
1918 =item Relational Operators
1919 X<relational operator> X<operator, relational>
1921 =item Equality Operators
1922 X<equality> X<equal> X<equals> X<operator, equality>
1925 X<operator, bitwise, and> X<bitwise and> X<&>
1927 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1928 X<operator, bitwise, or> X<bitwise or> X<|> X<operator, bitwise, xor>
1931 =item C-style Logical And
1932 X<&&> X<logical and> X<operator, logical, and>
1934 =item C-style Logical Or
1935 X<||> X<operator, logical, or>
1937 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
1938 X<//> X<operator, logical, defined-or>
1940 =item Range Operators
1941 X<operator, range> X<range> X<..> X<...>
1943 =item Conditional Operator
1944 X<operator, conditional> X<operator, ternary> X<ternary> X<?:>
1946 =item Assignment Operators
1947 X<assignment> X<operator, assignment> X<=> X<**=> X<+=> X<*=> X<&=>
1948 X<<< <<= >>> X<&&=> X<-=> X</=> X<|=> X<<< >>= >>> X<||=> X<//=> X<.=>
1951 =item Comma Operator
1952 X<comma> X<operator, comma> X<,>
1954 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1955 X<operator, list, rightward> X<list operator>
1958 X<operator, logical, not> X<not>
1961 X<operator, logical, and> X<and>
1963 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
1964 X<operator, logical, or> X<operator, logical, xor> X<operator, logical,
1966 X<operator, logical, defined or> X<operator, logical, exclusive or>
1969 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1970 X<operator, missing from perl> X<&> X<*>
1971 X<typecasting> X<(TYPE)>
1973 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1975 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1976 X<operator, quote> X<operator, quote-like> X<q> X<qq> X<qx> X<qw> X<m>
1977 X<qr> X<s> X<tr> X<'> X<''> X<"> X<""> X<//> X<`> X<``> X<<< << >>>
1978 X<escape sequence> X<escape>
1980 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1983 ?PATTERN? X<?>, m/PATTERN/cgimosx X<m> X<operator, match> X<regexp,
1984 options> X<regexp> X<regex, options> X<regex> X</c> X</i> X</m> X</o>
1985 X</s> X</x>, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/ X<q> X<quote, double> X<'> X<''>,
1986 C<'STRING'>, qq/STRING/ X<qq> X<quote, double> X<"> X<"">, "STRING",
1987 qr/STRING/imosx X<qr> X</i> X</m> X</o> X</s> X</x>, qx/STRING/ X<qx> X<`>
1988 X<``> X<backtick>, `STRING`, qw/STRING/ X<qw> X<quote, list> X<quote,
1989 words>, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx X<substitute> X<substitution>
1990 X<replace> X<regexp, replace> X<regexp, substitute> X</e> X</g> X</i> X</m>
1991 X</o> X</s> X</x>, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds X<tr> X<y>
1992 X<transliterate> X</c> X</d> X</s>, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
1993 X<here-doc> X<heredoc> X<here-document> X<<< << >>>
1995 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
1996 X<quote, gory details>
1998 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation
1999 X<interpolation>, C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>,
2000 C<q//>, C<"">, C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>,
2001 C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>, C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions
2002 X<regexp, interpolation>, Optimization of regular expressions X<regexp,
2006 X<operator, i/o> X<operator, io> X<io> X<while> X<filehandle>
2009 =item Constant Folding
2010 X<constant folding> X<folding>
2015 =item Bitwise String Operators
2016 X<operator, bitwise, string>
2018 =item Integer Arithmetic
2021 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
2022 X<floating-point> X<floating point> X<float> X<real>
2024 =item Bigger Numbers
2025 X<number, arbitrary precision>
2031 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
2041 =item Private Variables via my()
2042 X<my> X<variable, lexical> X<lexical> X<lexical variable> X<scope, lexical>
2043 X<lexical scope> X<attributes, my>
2045 =item Persistent Private Variables
2046 X<static> X<variable, persistent> X<variable, static> X<closure>
2048 =item Temporary Values via local()
2049 X<local> X<scope, dynamic> X<dynamic scope> X<variable, local>
2050 X<variable, temporary>
2052 =item Lvalue subroutines
2053 X<lvalue> X<subroutine, lvalue>
2055 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
2057 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
2060 =item When to Still Use local()
2061 X<local> X<variable, local>
2063 =item Pass by Reference
2064 X<pass by reference> X<pass-by-reference> X<reference>
2067 X<prototype> X<subroutine, prototype>
2069 =item Constant Functions
2072 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
2073 X<built-in> X<override> X<CORE> X<CORE::GLOBAL>
2076 X<autoloading> X<AUTOLOAD>
2078 =item Subroutine Attributes
2079 X<attribute> X<subroutine, attribute> X<attrs>
2087 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
2095 =item Perl Functions by Category
2098 Functions for SCALARs or strings X<scalar> X<string> X<character>, Regular
2099 expressions and pattern matching X<regular expression> X<regex> X<regexp>,
2100 Numeric functions X<numeric> X<number> X<trigonometric> X<trigonometry>,
2101 Functions for real @ARRAYs X<array>, Functions for list data X<list>,
2102 Functions for real %HASHes X<hash>, Input and output functions X<I/O>
2103 X<input> X<output> X<dbm>, Functions for fixed length data or records,
2104 Functions for filehandles, files, or directories X<file> X<filehandle>
2105 X<directory> X<pipe> X<link> X<symlink>, Keywords related to the control
2106 flow of your Perl program X<control flow>, Keywords related to switch,
2107 Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for
2108 processes and process groups X<process> X<pid> X<process id>, Keywords
2109 related to perl modules X<module>, Keywords related to classes and
2110 object-orientedness X<object> X<class> X<package>, Low-level socket
2111 functions X<socket> X<sock>, System V interprocess communication functions
2112 X<IPC> X<System V> X<semaphore> X<shared memory> X<memory> X<message>,
2113 Fetching user and group info X<user> X<group> X<password> X<uid> X<gid>
2114 X<passwd> X</etc/passwd>, Fetching network info X<network> X<protocol>
2115 X<host> X<hostname> X<IP> X<address> X<service>, Time-related functions
2116 X<time> X<date>, Functions new in perl5 X<perl5>, Functions obsoleted in
2120 X<portability> X<Unix> X<portable>
2122 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2125 X<-r>X<-w>X<-x>X<-o>X<-R>X<-W>X<-X>X<-O>X<-e>X<-z>X<-s>X<-f>X<-d>X<-l>X<-p>
2126 X<-S>X<-b>X<-c>X<-t>X<-u>X<-g>X<-k>X<-T>X<-B>X<-M>X<-A>X<-C>, -I<X> EXPR,
2127 -I<X>, abs VALUE X<abs> X<absolute>, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET
2128 X<accept>, alarm SECONDS X<alarm> X<SIGALRM> X<timer>, alarm, atan2 Y,X
2129 X<atan2> X<arctangent> X<tan> X<tangent>, bind SOCKET,NAME X<bind>, binmode
2130 FILEHANDLE, LAYER X<binmode> X<binary> X<text> X<DOS> X<Windows>, binmode
2131 FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME X<bless>, bless REF, break, caller EXPR
2132 X<caller> X<call stack> X<stack> X<stack trace>, caller, chdir EXPR
2133 X<chdir> X<cd>, chdir FILEHANDLE, chdir DIRHANDLE, chdir, chmod LIST
2134 X<chmod> X<permission> X<mode>, chomp VARIABLE X<chomp>
2135 X<INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR> X<$/> X<newline> X<eol>, chomp( LIST ), chomp,
2136 chop VARIABLE X<chop>, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST X<chown> X<owner>
2137 X<user> X<group>, chr NUMBER X<chr> X<character> X<ASCII> X<Unicode>, chr,
2138 chroot FILENAME X<chroot> X<root>, chroot, close FILEHANDLE X<close>,
2139 close, closedir DIRHANDLE X<closedir>, connect SOCKET,NAME X<connect>,
2140 continue BLOCK X<continue>, continue, cos EXPR X<cos> X<cosine> X<acos>
2141 X<arccosine>, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT X<crypt> X<digest> X<hash> X<salt>
2142 X<plaintext> X<password> X<decrypt> X<cryptography> X<passwd>, dbmclose
2143 HASH X<dbmclose>, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK X<dbmopen> X<dbm> X<ndbm>
2144 X<sdbm> X<gdbm>, defined EXPR X<defined> X<undef> X<undefined>, defined,
2145 delete EXPR X<delete>, die LIST X<die> X<throw> X<exception> X<raise> X<$@>
2146 X<abort>, do BLOCK X<do> X<block>, do SUBROUTINE(LIST) X<do>, do EXPR
2147 X<do>, dump LABEL X<dump> X<core> X<undump>, dump, each HASH X<each>
2148 X<hash, iterator>, eof FILEHANDLE X<eof> X<end of file> X<end-of-file>, eof
2149 (), eof, eval EXPR X<eval> X<try> X<catch> X<evaluate> X<parse> X<execute>,
2150 eval BLOCK, eval, exec LIST X<exec> X<execute>, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists
2151 EXPR X<exists> X<autovivification>, exit EXPR X<exit> X<terminate>
2152 X<abort>, exit, exp EXPR X<exp> X<exponential> X<antilog> X<antilogarithm>
2153 X<e>, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR X<fcntl>, fileno FILEHANDLE
2154 X<fileno>, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION X<flock> X<lock> X<locking>, fork
2155 X<fork> X<child> X<parent>, format X<format>, formline PICTURE,LIST
2156 X<formline>, getc FILEHANDLE X<getc> X<getchar>, getc, getlogin X<getlogin>
2157 X<login>, getpeername SOCKET X<getpeername> X<peer>, getpgrp PID X<getpgrp>
2158 X<group>, getppid X<getppid> X<parent> X<pid>, getpriority WHICH,WHO
2159 X<getpriority> X<priority> X<nice>, getpwnam NAME X<getpwnam> X<getgrnam>
2160 X<gethostbyname> X<getnetbyname> X<getprotobyname> X<getpwuid> X<getgrgid>
2161 X<getservbyname> X<gethostbyaddr> X<getnetbyaddr> X<getprotobynumber>
2162 X<getservbyport> X<getpwent> X<getgrent> X<gethostent> X<getnetent>
2163 X<getprotoent> X<getservent> X<setpwent> X<setgrent> X<sethostent>
2164 X<setnetent> X<setprotoent> X<setservent> X<endpwent> X<endgrent>
2165 X<endhostent> X<endnetent> X<endprotoent> X<endservent>, getgrnam NAME,
2166 gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2167 getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
2168 getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport
2169 PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent,
2170 getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
2171 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
2172 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET X<getsockname>,
2173 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME X<getsockopt>, glob EXPR X<glob>
2174 X<wildcard> X<filename, expansion> X<expand>, glob, gmtime EXPR X<gmtime>
2175 X<UTC> X<Greenwich>, gmtime, goto LABEL X<goto> X<jump> X<jmp>, goto EXPR,
2176 goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST X<grep>, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR X<hex>
2177 X<hexadecimal>, hex, import LIST X<import>, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION
2178 X<index> X<indexOf> X<InStr>, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR X<int> X<integer>
2179 X<truncate> X<trunc>, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR X<ioctl>, join
2180 EXPR,LIST X<join>, keys HASH X<keys> X<key>, kill SIGNAL, LIST X<kill>
2181 X<signal>, last LABEL X<last> X<break>, last, lc EXPR X<lc> X<lowercase>,
2182 lc, lcfirst EXPR X<lcfirst> X<lowercase>, lcfirst, length EXPR X<length>
2183 X<size>, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE X<link>, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE
2184 X<listen>, local EXPR X<local>, localtime EXPR X<localtime>, localtime,
2185 lock THING X<lock>, log EXPR X<log> X<logarithm> X<e> X<ln> X<base>, log,
2186 lstat EXPR X<lstat>, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST X<map>, map EXPR,LIST,
2187 mkdir FILENAME,MASK X<mkdir> X<md> X<directory, create>, mkdir FILENAME,
2188 mkdir, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG X<msgctl>, msgget KEY,FLAGS X<msgget>, msgrcv
2189 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS X<msgrcv>, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS X<msgsnd>, my EXPR
2190 X<my>, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL
2191 X<next> X<continue>, next, no Module VERSION LIST X<no>, no Module VERSION,
2192 no Module LIST, no Module, oct EXPR X<oct> X<octal> X<hex> X<hexadecimal>
2193 X<binary> X<bin>, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR X<open> X<pipe> X<file, open>
2194 X<fopen>, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
2195 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR
2196 X<opendir>, ord EXPR X<ord> X<encoding>, ord, our EXPR X<our> X<global>,
2197 our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST
2198 X<pack>, package NAMESPACE X<package> X<module> X<namespace>, package, pipe
2199 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE X<pipe>, pop ARRAY X<pop> X<stack>, pop, pos SCALAR
2200 X<pos> X<match, position>, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST X<print>, print LIST,
2201 print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST X<printf>, printf FORMAT, LIST,
2202 prototype FUNCTION X<prototype>, push ARRAY,LIST X<push>, X<stack>,
2203 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR
2204 X<quotemeta> X<metacharacter>, quotemeta, rand EXPR X<rand> X<random>,
2205 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET X<read>, read
2206 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE X<readdir>, readline EXPR
2207 X<readline> X<gets> X<fgets>, readlink EXPR X<readlink>, readlink, readpipe
2208 EXPR X<readpipe>, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS X<recv>, redo LABEL
2209 X<redo>, redo, ref EXPR X<ref> X<reference>, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME
2210 X<rename> X<move> X<mv> X<ren>, require VERSION X<require>, require EXPR,
2211 require, reset EXPR X<reset>, reset, return EXPR X<return>, return, reverse
2212 LIST X<reverse> X<rev> X<invert>, rewinddir DIRHANDLE X<rewinddir>, rindex
2213 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION X<rindex>, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME X<rmdir>
2214 X<rd> X<directory, remove>, rmdir, s///, say FILEHANDLE LIST X<say>, say
2215 LIST, say, scalar EXPR X<scalar> X<context>, seek
2216 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE X<seek> X<fseek> X<filehandle, position>,
2217 seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS X<seekdir>, select FILEHANDLE X<select> X<filehandle,
2218 default>, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT X<select>, semctl
2219 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG X<semctl>, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS X<semget>, semop
2220 KEY,OPSTRING X<semop>, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO X<send>, send
2221 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP X<setpgrp> X<group>, setpriority
2222 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY X<setpriority> X<priority> X<nice> X<renice>, setsockopt
2223 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL X<setsockopt>, shift ARRAY X<shift>, shift,
2224 shmctl ID,CMD,ARG X<shmctl>, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS X<shmget>, shmread
2225 ID,VAR,POS,SIZE X<shmread> X<shmwrite>, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE,
2226 shutdown SOCKET,HOW X<shutdown>, sin EXPR X<sin> X<sine> X<asin>
2227 X<arcsine>, sin, sleep EXPR X<sleep> X<pause>, sleep, socket
2228 SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL X<socket>, socketpair
2229 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL X<socketpair>, sort SUBNAME LIST
2230 X<sort> X<qsort> X<quicksort> X<mergesort>, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST,
2231 splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST X<splice>, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
2232 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT X<split>,
2233 split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST
2234 X<sprintf>, format parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width,
2235 precision, or maximum width X<precision>, size, order of arguments, sqrt
2236 EXPR X<sqrt> X<root> X<square root>, sqrt, srand EXPR X<srand> X<seed>
2237 X<randseed>, srand, stat FILEHANDLE X<stat> X<file, status>, stat EXPR,
2238 stat, study SCALAR X<study>, study, sub NAME BLOCK X<sub>, sub NAME (PROTO)
2239 BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr
2240 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT X<substr> X<substring> X<mid> X<left>
2241 X<right>, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink
2242 OLDFILE,NEWFILE X<symlink> X<link> X<symbolic link> X<link, symbolic>,
2243 syscall NUMBER, LIST X<syscall> X<system call>, sysopen
2244 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE X<sysopen>, sysopen
2245 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET
2246 X<sysread>, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
2247 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE X<sysseek> X<lseek>, system LIST X<system>
2248 X<shell>, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET
2249 X<syswrite>, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,
2250 tell FILEHANDLE X<tell>, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE X<telldir>, tie
2251 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST X<tie>, tied VARIABLE X<tied>, time X<time>
2252 X<epoch>, times X<times>, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH X<truncate>,
2253 truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR X<uc> X<uppercase> X<toupper>, uc, ucfirst
2254 EXPR X<ucfirst> X<uppercase>, ucfirst, umask EXPR X<umask>, umask, undef
2255 EXPR X<undef> X<undefine>, undef, unlink LIST X<unlink> X<delete> X<remove>
2256 X<rm>, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR X<unpack>, unpack TEMPLATE, untie
2257 VARIABLE X<untie>, unshift ARRAY,LIST X<unshift>, use Module VERSION LIST
2258 X<use> X<module> X<import>, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use
2259 Module, use VERSION, utime LIST X<utime>, values HASH X<values>, vec
2260 EXPR,OFFSET,BITS X<vec> X<bit> X<bit vector>, wait X<wait>, waitpid
2261 PID,FLAGS X<waitpid>, wantarray X<wantarray> X<context>, warn LIST X<warn>
2262 X<warning> X<STDERR>, write FILEHANDLE X<write>, write EXPR, write, y///
2268 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
2274 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
2280 =item Indirect Filehandles
2284 =item The Minus File
2286 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
2292 =item Open E<agrave> la C
2296 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
2300 =item Obscure Open Tricks
2304 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
2306 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
2308 =item Paths as Opens
2310 =item Single Argument Open
2312 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
2316 =item Other I/O Issues
2320 =item Opening Non-File Files
2322 =item Opening Named Pipes
2324 =item Opening Sockets
2336 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
2342 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
2348 =item The Basic Principle
2352 =item Packing Numbers
2358 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
2360 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
2362 =item Byte-order modifiers
2364 =item Floating point Numbers
2368 =item Exotic Templates
2380 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
2384 =item Template Grouping
2386 =item Lengths and Widths
2390 =item String Lengths
2392 =item Dynamic Templates
2394 =item Counting Repetitions
2398 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
2402 =item The Alignment Pit
2404 =item Dealing with Endian-ness
2406 =item Alignment, Take 2
2408 =item Alignment, Take 3
2410 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
2416 =item Funnies Section
2422 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
2430 =item Ordinary Paragraph
2431 X<POD, ordinary paragraph>
2433 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2434 X<POD, verbatim paragraph> X<verbatim>
2436 =item Command Paragraph
2439 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>> X<=head1> X<=head2> X<=head3> X<=head4> X<head1>
2440 X<head2> X<head3> X<head4>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
2441 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>> X<=over>
2442 X<=item> X<=back> X<over> X<item> X<back>, C<=item I<stuff...>>, C<=back>,
2443 C<=cut> X<=cut> X<cut>, C<=pod> X<=pod> X<pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>
2444 X<=begin> X<=end> X<=for> X<begin> X<end> X<for>, C<=end I<formatname>>,
2445 C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding I<encodingname>> X<=encoding>
2448 =item Formatting Codes
2449 X<POD, formatting code> X<formatting code>
2450 X<POD, interior sequence> X<interior sequence>
2452 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text X<I> X<< IZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting
2453 code, italic> X<italic>, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text X<B> X<< BZ<><> >>
2454 X<POD, formatting code, bold> X<bold>, C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text X<C>
2455 X<< CZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, code> X<code>, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> --
2456 a hyperlink X<L> X<< LZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, hyperlink>
2457 X<hyperlink>, C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape X<E> X<< EZ<><> >>
2458 X<POD, formatting code, escape> X<escape>, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
2459 for filenames X<F> X<< FZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, filename>
2460 X<filename>, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces X<S>
2461 X<< SZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, non-breaking space> X<non-breaking
2462 space>, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry X<X> X<< XZ<><> >>
2463 X<POD, formatting code, index entry> X<index entry>, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2464 null (zero-effect) formatting code X<Z> X<< ZZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting
2470 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2473 =item Hints for Writing Pod
2475 X<podchecker> X<POD, validating>
2485 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
2492 =item Pod Definitions
2496 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
2497 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
2498 "=encoding encodingname"
2500 =item Pod Formatting Codes
2502 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2503 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
2504 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2505 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2506 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
2507 contains non-breaking spaces
2509 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
2511 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
2513 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
2515 =item About =over...=back Regions
2517 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
2525 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
2535 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
2538 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
2540 =item Location of Perl
2541 X<perl, location of interpreter>
2543 =item Command Switches
2544 X<perl, command switches> X<command switches>
2546 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>] X<-0> X<$/>, B<-A[I<module>][=I<assertions>]>
2547 X<-A>, B<-a> X<-a> X<autosplit>, B<-C [I<number/list>]> X<-C>, B<-c> X<-c>,
2548 B<-d> X<-d> X<-dt>, B<-dt>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]> X<-d> X<-dt>,
2549 B<-dt:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters> X<-D> X<DEBUGGING> X<-DDEBUGGING>,
2550 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline> X<-e>, B<-E> I<commandline> X<-E>,
2551 B<-f> X<-f>, B<-F>I<pattern> X<-F>, B<-h> X<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>] X<-i>
2552 X<in-place>, B<-I>I<directory> X<-I> X<@INC>, B<-l>[I<octnum>] X<-l> X<$/>
2553 X<$\>, B<-m>[B<->]I<module> X<-m> X<-M>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>,
2554 B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>
2555 X<-n>, B<-p> X<-p>, B<-P> X<-P>, B<-s> X<-s>, B<-S> X<-S>, B<-t> X<-t>,
2556 B<-T> X<-T>, B<-u> X<-u>, B<-U> X<-U>, B<-v> X<-v>, B<-V> X<-V>,
2557 B<-V:>I<configvar>, B<-w> X<-w>, B<-W> X<-W>, B<-X> X<-X>, B<-x> X<-x>,
2563 X<perl, environment variables>
2565 HOME X<HOME>, LOGDIR X<LOGDIR>, PATH X<PATH>, PERL5LIB X<PERL5LIB>,
2566 PERL5OPT X<PERL5OPT>, PERLIO X<PERLIO>, :bytes X<:bytes>, :crlf X<:crlf>,
2567 :mmap X<:mmap>, :perlio X<:perlio>, :pop X<:pop>, :raw X<:raw>, :stdio
2568 X<:stdio>, :unix X<:unix>, :utf8 X<:utf8>, :win32 X<:win32>, PERLIO_DEBUG
2569 X<PERLIO_DEBUG>, PERLLIB X<PERLLIB>, PERL5DB X<PERL5DB>, PERL5DB_THREADED
2570 X<PERL5DB_THREADED>, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port) X<PERL5SHELL>,
2571 PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP (specific to the Win32 port)
2572 X<PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP>, PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS X<PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS>,
2573 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL X<PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL>, PERL_DL_NONLAZY
2574 X<PERL_DL_NONLAZY>, PERL_ENCODING X<PERL_ENCODING>, PERL_HASH_SEED
2575 X<PERL_HASH_SEED>, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG X<PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG>, PERL_ROOT
2576 (specific to the VMS port) X<PERL_ROOT>, PERL_SIGNALS X<PERL_SIGNALS>,
2577 PERL_UNICODE X<PERL_UNICODE>, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
2582 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2590 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
2598 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
2600 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
2602 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
2604 B<-w> X<-w>, B<-W> X<-W>, B<-X> X<-X>
2606 =item Backward Compatibility
2608 =item Category Hierarchy
2609 X<warning, categories>
2611 =item Fatal Warnings
2614 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
2615 X<warning, reporting> X<warning, registering>
2627 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2633 =item The Perl Debugger
2637 =item Debugger Commands
2639 h X<debugger command, h>, h [command], h h, p expr X<debugger command, p>,
2640 x [maxdepth] expr X<debugger command, x>, V [pkg [vars]] X<debugger
2641 command, V>, X [vars] X<debugger command, X>, y [level [vars]] X<debugger
2642 command, y>, T X<debugger command, T> X<backtrace> X<stack, backtrace>, s
2643 [expr] X<debugger command, s> X<step>, n [expr] X<debugger command, n>, r
2644 X<debugger command, r>, <CR>, c [line|sub] X<debugger command, c>, l
2645 X<debugger command, l>, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -
2646 X<debugger command, ->, v [line] X<debugger command, v>, . X<debugger
2647 command, .>, f filename X<debugger command, f>, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L
2648 [abw] X<debugger command, L>, S [[!]regex] X<debugger command, S>, t
2649 X<debugger command, t>, t expr X<debugger command, t>, b X<breakpoint>
2650 X<debugger command, b>, b [line] [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger
2651 command, b>, b subname [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b
2652 postpone subname [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b load
2653 filename X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b compile subname
2654 X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, B line X<breakpoint> X<debugger
2655 command, B>, B * X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, B>, a [line] command
2656 X<debugger command, a>, A line X<debugger command, A>, A * X<debugger
2657 command, A>, w expr X<debugger command, w>, W expr X<debugger command, W>,
2658 W * X<debugger command, W>, o X<debugger command, o>, o booloption ...
2659 X<debugger command, o>, o anyoption? ... X<debugger command, o>, o
2660 option=value ... X<debugger command, o>, < ? X<< debugger command, < >>, <
2661 [ command ] X<< debugger command, < >>, < * X<< debugger command, < >>, <<
2662 command X<< debugger command, << >>, > ? X<< debugger command, > >>, >
2663 command X<< debugger command, > >>, > * X<< debugger command, > >>, >>
2664 command X<<< debugger command, >> >>>, { ? X<debugger command, {>, { [
2665 command ], { * X<debugger command, {>, {{ command X<debugger command, {{>,
2666 ! number X<debugger command, !>, ! -number X<debugger command, !>, !
2667 pattern X<debugger command, !>, !! cmd X<debugger command, !!>, source file
2668 X<debugger command, source>, H -number X<debugger command, H>, q or ^D
2669 X<debugger command, q> X<debugger command, ^D>, R X<debugger command, R>,
2670 |dbcmd X<debugger command, |>, ||dbcmd X<debugger command, ||>, command, m
2671 expr X<debugger command, m>, M X<debugger command, M>, man [manpage]
2672 X<debugger command, man>
2674 =item Configurable Options
2676 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang> X<debugger option, recallCommand> X<debugger
2677 option, ShellBang>, C<pager> X<debugger option, pager>, C<tkRunning>
2678 X<debugger option, tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>
2679 X<debugger option, signalLevel> X<debugger option, warnLevel> X<debugger
2680 option, dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace> X<debugger option, AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>
2681 X<debugger option, LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit> X<debugger option,
2682 inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet> X<debugger option, PrintRet>, C<ornaments>
2683 X<debugger option, ornaments>, C<frame> X<debugger option, frame>,
2684 C<maxTraceLen> X<debugger option, maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize> X<debugger
2685 option, windowSize>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth> X<debugger option,
2686 arrayDepth> X<debugger option, hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth> X<debugger option,
2687 dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact> X<debugger option, compactDump>
2688 X<debugger option, veryCompact>, C<globPrint> X<debugger option,
2689 globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles> X<debugger option, DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>
2690 X<debugger option, DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused> X<debugger option,
2691 DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint> X<debugger option, quote>
2692 X<debugger option, HighBit> X<debugger option, undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>
2693 X<debugger option, UsageOnly>, C<TTY> X<debugger option, TTY>, C<noTTY>
2694 X<debugger option, noTTY>, C<ReadLine> X<debugger option, ReadLine>,
2695 C<NonStop> X<debugger option, NonStop>
2697 =item Debugger input/output
2699 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace X<backtrace> X<stack,
2700 backtrace>, Line Listing Format, Frame listing
2702 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2704 =item Debugger Customization
2706 =item Readline Support
2708 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2710 =item The Perl Profiler
2711 X<profile> X<profiling> X<profiler>
2715 =item Debugging regular expressions
2716 X<regular expression, debugging>
2717 X<regex, debugging> X<regexp, debugging>
2719 =item Debugging memory usage
2728 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
2736 =item Predefined Names
2738 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
2739 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
2740 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
2741 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
2742 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
2743 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
2744 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
2745 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;,
2746 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
2747 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
2748 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
2749 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
2750 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
2751 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
2752 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
2753 C<substr($var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
2754 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
2755 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
2756 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
2757 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?,
2758 ${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}, ${^ENCODING}, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!,
2759 $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$,
2760 $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID,
2761 $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $],
2762 $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, ${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS}, ${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF},
2763 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
2764 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
2765 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
2766 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
2767 ${^UTF8LOCALE}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
2768 $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC,
2769 %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
2771 =item Error Indicators
2773 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
2781 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
2787 i X</i> X<regex, case-insensitive> X<regexp, case-insensitive> X<regular
2788 expression, case-insensitive>, m X</m> X<regex, multiline> X<regexp,
2789 multiline> X<regular expression, multiline>, s X</s> X<regex, single-line>
2790 X<regexp, single-line> X<regular expression, single-line>, x X</x>
2794 =item Regular Expressions
2796 [1], [2], [3], cntrl X<cntrl>, graph X<graph>, print X<print>, punct
2797 X<punct>, xdigit X<xdigit>
2799 =item Extended Patterns
2801 C<(?#text)> X<(?#)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)> X<(?)>, C<(?:pattern)> X<(?:)>,
2802 C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, C<(?=pattern)> X<(?=)> X<look-ahead, positive>
2803 X<lookahead, positive>, C<(?!pattern)> X<(?!)> X<look-ahead, negative>
2804 X<lookahead, negative>, C<(?<=pattern)> X<(?<=)> X<look-behind, positive>
2805 X<lookbehind, positive>, C<(?<!pattern)> X<(?<!)> X<look-behind, negative>
2806 X<lookbehind, negative>, C<(?{ code })> X<(?{})> X<regex, code in>
2807 X<regexp, code in> X<regular expression, code in>, C<(??{ code })>
2808 X<(??{})> X<regex, postponed> X<regexp, postponed> X<regular expression,
2809 postponed> X<regex, recursive> X<regexp, recursive> X<regular expression,
2810 recursive>, C<< (?>pattern) >> X<backtrack> X<backtracking>,
2811 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> X<(?()>,
2812 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
2815 X<backtrack> X<backtracking>
2817 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
2818 X<regular expression, version 8> X<regex, version 8> X<regexp, version 8>
2820 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
2822 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
2824 =item Combining pieces together
2826 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
2827 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
2828 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
2829 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
2831 =item Creating custom RE engines
2841 =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
2853 =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
2855 =item CHARACTER CLASSES
2861 =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
2879 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
2889 =item Making References
2890 X<reference, creation> X<referencing>
2892 1. X<\> X<backslash>, 2. X<array, anonymous> X<[> X<[]> X<square bracket>
2893 X<bracket, square> X<arrayref> X<array reference> X<reference, array>, 3.
2894 X<hash, anonymous> X<{> X<{}> X<curly bracket> X<bracket, curly> X<brace>
2895 X<hashref> X<hash reference> X<reference, hash>, 4. X<subroutine,
2896 anonymous> X<subroutine, reference> X<reference, subroutine> X<scope,
2897 lexical> X<closure> X<lexical> X<lexical scope>, 5. X<constructor> X<new>,
2898 6. X<autovivification>, 7. X<*foo{THING}> X<*>
2900 =item Using References
2901 X<reference, use> X<dereferencing> X<dereference>
2903 2. X<${}> X<@{}> X<%{}>, 3. X<autovivification> X<< -> >> X<arrow>, 4.
2906 =item Symbolic references
2907 X<reference, symbolic> X<reference, soft>
2908 X<symbolic reference> X<soft reference>
2910 =item Not-so-symbolic references
2912 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
2913 X<pseudo-hash> X<pseudo hash> X<pseudohash>
2915 =item Function Templates
2916 X<scope, lexical> X<closure> X<lexical> X<lexical scope>
2917 X<subroutine, nested> X<sub, nested> X<subroutine, local> X<sub, local>
2922 X<reference, string context> X<reference, use as hash key>
2928 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
2937 X<format, text field>
2939 =item Numeric Fields
2940 X<#> X<format, numeric field>
2942 =item The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text
2945 =item The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text
2948 =item Specifying Values
2949 X<format, specifying values>
2951 =item Using Fill Mode
2952 X<format, fill mode>
2954 =item Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void
2955 X<format, suppressing lines>
2957 =item Repeating Format Lines
2958 X<format, repeating lines>
2960 =item Top of Form Processing
2961 X<format, top of form> X<top> X<header>
2963 =item Format Variables
2965 X<format, variables>
2974 X<format, footer> X<footer>
2976 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
2977 X<format, internals>
2985 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
2993 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
2994 X<object> X<bless> X<constructor> X<new>
2996 =item A Class is Simply a Package
2997 X<class> X<package> X<@ISA> X<inheritance>
2999 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
3002 =item Method Invocation
3003 X<invocation> X<method> X<arrow> X<< -> >>
3005 =item Indirect Object Syntax
3006 X<indirect object syntax> X<invocation, indirect> X<indirect>
3008 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
3011 isa(CLASS) X<isa>, can(METHOD) X<can>, VERSION( [NEED] ) X<VERSION>
3014 X<destructor> X<DESTROY>
3018 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
3019 X<garbage collection> X<GC> X<circular reference>
3020 X<reference, circular> X<DESTROY> X<destructor>
3028 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
3041 TIESCALAR classname, LIST X<TIESCALAR>, FETCH this X<FETCH>, STORE this,
3042 value X<STORE>, UNTIE this X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
3047 TIEARRAY classname, LIST X<TIEARRAY>, FETCH this, index X<FETCH>, STORE
3048 this, index, value X<STORE>, FETCHSIZE this X<FETCHSIZE>, STORESIZE this,
3049 count X<STORESIZE>, EXTEND this, count X<EXTEND>, EXISTS this, key
3050 X<EXISTS>, DELETE this, key X<DELETE>, CLEAR this X<CLEAR>, PUSH this, LIST
3051 X<PUSH>, POP this X<POP>, SHIFT this X<SHIFT>, UNSHIFT this, LIST
3052 X<UNSHIFT>, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST X<SPLICE>, UNTIE this
3053 X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
3058 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST X<TIEHASH>, FETCH this,
3059 key X<FETCH>, STORE this, key, value X<STORE>, DELETE this, key X<DELETE>,
3060 CLEAR this X<CLEAR>, EXISTS this, key X<EXISTS>, FIRSTKEY this X<FIRSTKEY>,
3061 NEXTKEY this, lastkey X<NEXTKEY>, SCALAR this X<SCALAR>, UNTIE this
3062 X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
3064 =item Tying FileHandles
3065 X<filehandle, tying>
3067 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST X<TIEHANDLE>, WRITE this, LIST X<WRITE>, PRINT
3068 this, LIST X<PRINT>, PRINTF this, LIST X<PRINTF>, READ this, LIST X<READ>,
3069 READLINE this X<READLINE>, GETC this X<GETC>, CLOSE this X<CLOSE>, UNTIE
3070 this X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
3075 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
3088 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3096 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3097 B<filter_fetch_value>
3103 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3105 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3115 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
3116 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
3126 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
3134 =item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
3136 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
3137 "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
3141 =item Using open() for IPC
3147 =item Background Processes
3149 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
3151 =item Safe Pipe Opens
3153 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
3155 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
3159 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
3163 =item Internet Line Terminators
3165 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
3167 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
3171 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
3175 =item A Simple Client
3177 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
3179 =item A Webget Client
3181 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
3185 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
3187 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
3189 =item UDP: Message Passing
3203 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
3213 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
3215 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
3216 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
3217 files, directories and network sockets
3219 =item Resource limits
3221 =item Killing the parent process
3223 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
3225 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
3227 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
3228 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
3229 application, Thread-safety of extensions
3241 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
3249 =item Storing numbers
3251 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
3253 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
3255 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
3256 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
3257 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
3266 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
3274 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
3276 =item Threaded Program Models
3288 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
3290 =item Thread-Safe Modules
3296 =item Basic Thread Support
3298 =item A Note about the Examples
3300 =item Creating Threads
3302 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
3304 =item Ignoring A Thread
3308 =item Threads And Data
3312 =item Shared And Unshared Data
3314 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
3318 =item Synchronization and control
3322 =item Controlling access: lock()
3324 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3326 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3328 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3330 =item Basic semaphores
3332 =item Advanced Semaphores
3334 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
3336 =item Giving up control
3340 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3344 =item What Thread Am I In?
3348 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3350 =item What Threads Are Running?
3354 =item A Complete Example
3356 =item Different implementations of threads
3358 =item Performance considerations
3360 =item Process-scope Changes
3362 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
3370 =item Introductory Texts
3372 =item OS-Related References
3374 =item Other References
3378 =item Acknowledgements
3386 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
3392 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
3394 =item Threaded Program Models
3406 =item Native threads
3408 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
3410 =item Threadsafe Modules
3416 =item Basic Thread Support
3418 =item Creating Threads
3420 =item Giving up control
3422 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
3424 =item Errors In Threads
3426 =item Ignoring A Thread
3430 =item Threads And Data
3434 =item Shared And Unshared Data
3436 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
3438 =item Controlling access: lock()
3440 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3442 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3446 =item Threads And Code
3450 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3452 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
3454 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
3456 =item Subroutine Locks
3460 =item Locking A Subroutine
3464 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3468 =item What Thread Am I In?
3472 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3474 =item What Threads Are Running?
3478 =item A Complete Example
3486 =item Introductory Texts
3488 =item OS-Related References
3490 =item Other References
3494 =item Acknowledgements
3502 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
3508 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
3517 =item Numbers endianness and Width
3519 =item Files and Filesystems
3521 =item System Interaction
3523 =item Command names versus file pathnames
3527 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
3529 =item External Subroutines (XS)
3531 =item Standard Modules
3535 =item Character sets and character encoding
3537 =item Internationalisation
3539 =item System Resources
3555 =item DOS and Derivatives
3563 =item EBCDIC Platforms
3571 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3575 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3577 -I<X>, atan2, binmode, chmod, chown, chroot, crypt, dbmclose, dbmopen,
3578 dump, exec, exit, fcntl, flock, fork, getlogin, getpgrp, getppid,
3579 getpriority, getpwnam, getgrnam, getnetbyname, getpwuid, getgrgid,
3580 getnetbyaddr, getprotobynumber, getservbyport, getpwent, getgrent,
3581 gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent,
3582 setnetent, setprotoent, setservent, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
3583 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob,
3584 gmtime, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill, link, localtime, lstat,
3585 msgctl, msgget, msgsnd, msgrcv, open, pipe, readlink, rename, select,
3586 semctl, semget, semop, setgrent, setpgrp, setpriority, setpwent,
3587 setsockopt, shmctl, shmget, shmread, shmwrite, sockatmark, socketpair,
3588 stat, symlink, syscall, sysopen, system, times, truncate, umask, utime,
3593 =item Supported Platforms
3597 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3601 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
3608 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
3614 =item The use locale pragma
3616 =item The setlocale function
3618 =item Finding locales
3620 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
3622 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
3624 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
3626 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
3628 =item Fixing system locale configuration
3630 =item The localeconv function
3632 =item I18N::Langinfo
3636 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
3640 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
3642 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
3644 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
3646 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
3650 =item Other categories
3658 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
3659 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
3665 =item Backward compatibility
3667 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
3669 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
3671 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
3673 =item Freely available locale definitions
3677 =item An imperfect standard
3681 =item Unicode and UTF-8
3687 =item Broken systems
3697 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
3707 =item Perl's Unicode Support
3709 =item Perl's Unicode Model
3711 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
3713 =item Creating Unicode
3715 =item Handling Unicode
3717 =item Legacy Encodings
3721 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
3725 =item Advanced Topics
3729 =item Questions With Answers
3731 =item Hexadecimal Notation
3733 =item Further Resources
3737 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
3741 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3743 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
3747 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
3755 =item Important Caveats
3757 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
3758 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, BOM-marked scripts and UTF-16 scripts
3759 autodetected, C<use encoding> needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings
3761 =item Byte and Character Semantics
3763 =item Effects of Character Semantics
3769 =item User-Defined Character Properties
3771 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
3773 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
3775 =item Unicode Encodings
3777 =item Security Implications of Unicode
3779 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
3783 =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
3785 =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
3787 =item Using Unicode in XS
3795 =item Interaction with Locales
3797 =item Interaction with Extensions
3801 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
3809 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
3815 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
3823 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
3827 =item 13 variant characters
3835 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
3837 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
3839 =item Unicode and UTF
3845 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
3847 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
3849 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
3863 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
3865 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
3867 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
3869 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
3877 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
3879 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
3881 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
3883 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
3887 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
3891 =item URL decoding and encoding
3893 =item uu encoding and decoding
3895 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
3897 =item Caesarian ciphers
3901 =item Hashing order and checksums
3905 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
3917 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
3937 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
3945 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
3947 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
3949 =item Taint mode and @INC
3951 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
3955 =item Protecting Your Programs
3959 =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
3967 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
3976 X<package> X<namespace> X<variable, global> X<global variable> X<global>
3979 X<symbol table> X<stash> X<%::> X<%main::> X<typeglob> X<glob> X<alias>
3981 =item BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END
3982 X<BEGIN> X<CHECK> X<INIT> X<END>
3990 =item Making your module threadsafe
3991 X<threadsafe> X<thread safe>
3992 X<module, threadsafe> X<module, thread safe>
3993 X<CLONE> X<CLONE_SKIP> X<thread> X<threads> X<ithread>
4001 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
4005 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
4009 =item Pragmatic Modules
4011 assertions, assertions::activate, assertions::compat, attributes, attrs,
4012 autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
4013 diagnostics, encoding, encoding::warnings, feature, fields, filetest, if,
4014 integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict,
4015 subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version, vmsish, warnings,
4018 =item Standard Modules
4020 AnyDBM_File, Archive::Tar, Archive::Tar::File, Attribute::Handlers,
4021 AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode,
4022 B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
4023 B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark,
4024 ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast,
4025 CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
4026 CPAN::Nox, CPAN::Version, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct,
4027 Compress::Zlib, Compress::Zlib::pod::FAQ, Config, Cwd, DB, DBM_Filter,
4028 DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek,
4029 Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5, Digest::SHA, Digest::base,
4030 Digest::file, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias,
4031 Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ,
4032 Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding,
4033 Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR,
4034 Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO,
4035 Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode,
4036 Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
4037 ExtUtils::CBuilder, ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows,
4038 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
4039 ExtUtils::Constant::Base, ExtUtils::Constant::Utils,
4040 ExtUtils::Constant::XS, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
4041 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_AIX,
4042 ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
4043 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_QNX,
4044 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_VOS,
4045 ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
4046 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ,
4047 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes,
4048 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
4049 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::ParseXS,
4050 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
4051 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Glob,
4052 File::GlobMapper, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin,
4053 File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2,
4054 File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp,
4055 File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call,
4056 FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate,
4057 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::Detect, I18N::LangTags::List,
4058 I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Compress::Deflate, IO::Compress::Gzip,
4059 IO::Compress::RawDeflate, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe,
4060 IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
4061 IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate, IO::Uncompress::Gunzip,
4062 IO::Uncompress::Inflate, IO::Uncompress::RawInflate, IO::Zlib, IPC::Open2,
4063 IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util,
4064 Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
4065 Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
4066 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
4067 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::CalcEmu, Math::BigInt::FastCalc,
4068 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
4069 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
4070 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable,
4071 Module::CoreList, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain,
4072 Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP,
4073 Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent,
4074 Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, PerlIO::encoding,
4075 PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker,
4076 Pod::Escapes, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
4077 Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
4078 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
4079 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
4080 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
4081 Pod::Select, Pod::Simple, Pod::Simple::Checker, Pod::Simple::Debug,
4082 Pod::Simple::DumpAsText, Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML, Pod::Simple::HTML,
4083 Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch, Pod::Simple::LinkSection, Pod::Simple::Methody,
4084 Pod::Simple::PullParser, Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken,
4085 Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken, Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken,
4086 Pod::Simple::PullParserToken, Pod::Simple::RTF, Pod::Simple::Search,
4087 Pod::Simple::SimpleTree, Pod::Simple::Subclassing, Pod::Simple::Text,
4088 Pod::Simple::TextContent, Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream, Pod::Text,
4089 Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage,
4090 SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader,
4091 Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog,
4092 Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
4093 Test::Builder, Test::Builder::Module, Test::Builder::Tester,
4094 Test::Builder::Tester::Color, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
4095 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Point, Test::Harness::Straps,
4096 Test::Harness::TAP, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev,
4097 Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap,
4098 Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
4099 Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
4100 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
4101 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
4102 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap, XSLoader
4104 =item Extension Modules
4118 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
4119 Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
4121 =item Central America
4127 Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
4128 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
4129 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
4130 Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
4131 Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
4135 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
4136 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
4137 Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
4138 North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
4139 Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
4143 Australia, New Zealand, United States
4147 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
4153 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
4157 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
4159 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
4161 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
4169 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
4175 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
4179 =item Before you start
4187 =item Release considerations
4191 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
4195 =item Has it been done before?
4197 =item Do one thing and do it well
4199 =item What's in a name?
4203 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
4207 =item To OO or not to OO?
4209 =item Designing your API
4211 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
4212 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
4215 =item Strictness and warnings
4217 =item Backwards compatibility
4219 =item Error handling and messages
4223 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
4229 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
4231 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
4232 perl Build test, perl Build install
4236 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
4240 =item Version numbering
4242 =item Pre-requisites
4252 =item COMMON PITFALLS
4256 =item Reinventing the wheel
4258 =item Trying to do too much
4260 =item Inappropriate documentation
4266 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
4267 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
4274 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
4284 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
4285 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
4299 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
4309 =item What should I make into a module?
4311 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
4313 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
4315 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
4317 Start with F<module-starter> or F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and
4318 L<warnings|warnings>, Use L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!,
4319 Use L<plain old documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
4321 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
4323 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
4324 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
4334 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4344 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4345 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4346 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4347 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4351 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4353 =item Administration
4355 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4359 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4360 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4368 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
4378 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
4382 =item Using The Back Ends
4386 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
4390 =item The Decompiling Back End
4392 =item The Lint Back End
4394 =item The Simple C Back End
4396 =item The Bytecode Back End
4398 =item The Optimized C Back End
4402 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
4404 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
4405 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
4406 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
4408 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4414 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4424 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4426 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4428 B<Decryption Filters>
4430 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4432 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4434 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4438 =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
4440 Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
4450 =head2 perlglossary - Perl Glossary
4460 accessor methods, actual arguments, address operator, algorithm, alias,
4461 alternatives, anonymous, architecture, argument, ARGV, arithmetical
4462 operator, array, array context, ASCII, assertion, assignment, assignment
4463 operator, associative array, associativity, asynchronous, atom, atomic
4464 operation, attribute, autogeneration, autoincrement, autoload, autosplit,
4465 autovivification, AV, awk
4469 backreference, backtracking, backward compatibility, bareword, base class,
4470 big-endian, binary, binary operator, bind, bit, bit shift, bit string,
4471 bless, block, BLOCK, block buffering, Boolean, Boolean context, breakpoint,
4472 broadcast, BSD, bucket, buffer, built-in, bundle, byte, bytecode
4476 C, C preprocessor, call by reference, call by value, callback, canonical,
4477 capturing, character, character class, character property, circumfix
4478 operator, class, class method, client, cloister, closure, cluster, CODE,
4479 code generator, code subpattern, collating sequence, command, command
4480 buffering, command name, command-line arguments, comment, compilation unit,
4481 compile phase, compile time, compiler, composer, concatenation,
4482 conditional, connection, construct, constructor, context, continuation,
4483 core dump, CPAN, cracker, current package, current working directory,
4484 currently selected output channel, CV
4488 dangling statement, data structure, data type, datagram, DBM, declaration,
4489 decrement, default, defined, delimiter, dereference, derived class,
4490 descriptor, destroy, destructor, device, directive, directory, directory
4491 handle, dispatch, distribution, dweomer, dwimmer, dynamic scoping
4495 eclectic, element, embedding, empty subclass test, en passant,
4496 encapsulation, endian, environment, environment variable, EOF, errno,
4497 error, escape sequence, exception, exception handling, exec, executable
4498 file, execute, execute bit, exit status, export, expression, extension
4502 false, FAQ, fatal error, field, FIFO, file, file descriptor, file test
4503 operator, fileglob, filehandle, filename, filesystem, filter, flag,
4504 floating point, flush, FMTEYEWTK, fork, formal arguments, format, freely
4505 available, freely redistributable, freeware, function, funny character,
4510 GID, glob, global, global destruction, glue language, granularity, greedy,
4515 hacker, handler, hard reference, hash, hash table, header file, here
4516 document, hexadecimal, home directory, host, hubris, HV
4520 identifier, impatience, implementation, import, increment, indexing,
4521 indirect filehandle, indirect object, indirect object slot, indirection,
4522 infix, inheritance, instance, instance variable, integer, interface,
4523 interpolation, interpreter, invocant, invocation, I/O, IO, IP, IPC, is-a,
4524 iteration, iterator, IV
4536 label, laziness, left shift, leftmost longest, lexeme, lexer, lexical
4537 analysis, lexical scoping, lexical variable, library, LIFO, line, line
4538 buffering, line number, link, LIST, list, list context, list operator, list
4539 value, literal, little-endian, local, logical operator, lookahead,
4540 lookbehind, loop, loop control statement, loop label, lvaluable, lvalue,
4545 magic, magical increment, magical variables, Makefile, man, manpage,
4546 matching, member data, memory, metacharacter, metasymbol, method,
4547 minimalism, mode, modifier, module, modulus, monger, mortal,
4548 multidimensional array, multiple inheritance
4552 named pipe, namespace, network address, newline, NFS, null character, null
4553 list, null string, numeric context, NV, nybble
4557 object, octal, offset, one-liner, open source software, operand, operating
4558 system, operator, operator overloading, options, overloading, overriding,
4563 package, pad, parameter, parent class, parse tree, parsing, patch, PATH,
4564 pathname, pattern, pattern matching, permission bits, Pern, pipe, pipeline,
4565 platform, pod, pointer, polymorphism, port, portable, porter, POSIX,
4566 postfix, pp, pragma, precedence, prefix, preprocessing, procedure, process,
4567 program generator, progressive matching, property, protocol, prototype,
4568 pseudofunction, pseudohash, pseudoliteral, public domain, pumpkin,
4573 qualified, quantifier
4577 readable, reaping, record, recursion, reference, referent, regex, regular
4578 expression, regular expression modifier, regular file, relational operator,
4579 reserved words, return value, RFC, right shift, root, RTFM, run phase, run
4580 time, run-time pattern, RV, rvalue
4584 scalar, scalar context, scalar literal, scalar value, scalar variable,
4585 scope, scratchpad, script, script kiddie, sed, semaphore, separator,
4586 serialization, server, service, setgid, setuid, shared memory, shebang,
4587 shell, side effects, signal, signal handler, single inheritance, slice,
4588 slurp, socket, soft reference, source filter, stack, standard, standard
4589 error, standard I/O, standard input, standard output, stat structure,
4590 statement, statement modifier, static, static method, static scoping,
4591 static variable, status, STDERR, STDIN, STDIO, STDOUT, stream, string,
4592 string context, stringification, struct, structure, subclass, subpattern,
4593 subroutine, subscript, substitution, substring, superclass, superuser, SV,
4594 switch, switch cluster, switch statement, symbol, symbol table, symbolic
4595 debugger, symbolic link, symbolic reference, synchronous, syntactic sugar,
4596 syntax, syntax tree, syscall
4600 tainted, TCP, term, terminator, ternary, text, thread, tie, TMTOWTDI,
4601 token, tokener, tokenizing, toolbox approach, transliterate, trigger,
4602 trinary, troff, true, truncating, type, type casting, typed lexical,
4603 typedef, typeglob, typemap
4607 UDP, UID, umask, unary operator, Unicode, Unix
4611 value, variable, variable interpolation, variadic, vector, virtual, void
4616 warning, watch expression, whitespace, word, working directory, wrapper,
4633 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
4637 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
4647 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
4648 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
4652 =item Compiling your C program
4654 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
4656 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
4658 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
4660 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
4662 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
4664 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
4666 =item Execution of END blocks
4668 =item $0 assignments
4670 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
4672 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
4677 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
4689 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
4695 =item Debugger Internals
4699 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
4703 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
4705 =item Debugging regular expressions
4709 =item Compile-time output
4711 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
4712 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
4713 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
4716 =item Types of nodes
4718 =item Run-time output
4722 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
4726 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
4728 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
4729 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
4738 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
4750 =item Version caveat
4752 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
4764 =item What has gone on?
4766 =item Writing good test scripts
4770 =item What's new here?
4772 =item Input and Output Parameters
4774 =item The XSUBPP Program
4776 =item The TYPEMAP file
4778 =item Warning about Output Arguments
4782 =item What has happened here?
4784 =item Anatomy of .xs file
4786 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
4788 =item More about XSUB arguments
4790 =item The Argument Stack
4792 =item Extending your Extension
4794 =item Documenting your Extension
4796 =item Installing your Extension
4800 =item New Things in this Example
4804 =item New Things in this Example
4806 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
4808 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
4810 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
4812 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
4828 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
4840 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
4842 =item The Argument Stack
4844 =item The RETVAL Variable
4846 =item Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL
4848 =item The MODULE Keyword
4850 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4852 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4854 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4856 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4858 =item The CODE: Keyword
4860 =item The INIT: Keyword
4862 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4864 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4866 =item Default Parameter Values
4868 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4870 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4872 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4874 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4876 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4878 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4880 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4882 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4884 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4886 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4888 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4890 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4892 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4894 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4896 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4898 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4900 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4902 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4904 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
4906 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4908 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4910 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4912 =item The CASE: Keyword
4914 =item The & Unary Operator
4916 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4918 =item Using XS With C++
4920 =item Interface Strategy
4922 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4926 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4928 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT,
4929 aMY_CXT/pMY_CXT, MY_CXT_CLONE, MY_CXT_INIT_INTERP(my_perl),
4930 dMY_CXT_INTERP(my_perl)
4942 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4952 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4954 =item File Operations
4956 =item File Input and Output
4958 =item File Positioning
4960 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4962 =item Character Class Tests
4964 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4966 =item Miscellaneous functions
4974 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4986 =item What is an "IV"?
4988 =item Working with SVs
4992 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4994 =item Working with AVs
4996 =item Working with HVs
4998 =item Hash API Extensions
5000 =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
5004 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
5006 =item Creating New Variables
5008 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
5010 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
5012 =item Stashes and Globs
5014 =item Double-Typed SVs
5016 =item Magic Variables
5018 =item Assigning Magic
5020 =item Magic Virtual Tables
5024 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
5026 =item Localizing changes
5028 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
5029 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
5030 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
5031 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
5032 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
5033 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
5034 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
5035 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
5036 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
5037 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
5045 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
5047 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
5049 =item Memory Allocation
5053 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
5057 =item Scratchpads and recursion
5067 =item Examining the tree
5069 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
5071 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
5073 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
5075 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
5077 =item Pluggable runops
5081 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
5083 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
5087 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
5089 =item So what happened to dTHR?
5091 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
5093 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
5095 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
5099 =item Internal Functions
5101 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b, others
5105 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
5107 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
5109 =item Exception Handling
5111 =item Source Documentation
5113 =item Backwards compatibility
5117 =item Unicode Support
5121 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
5123 =item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
5125 =item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
5127 =item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
5129 =item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
5131 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
5135 =item Custom Operators
5143 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
5149 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
5151 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
5153 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
5173 =item Determining the Context
5181 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
5183 =item Passing Parameters
5185 =item Returning a Scalar
5187 =item Returning a list of values
5189 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
5191 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
5195 =item Using G_KEEPERR
5199 =item Using call_argv
5201 =item Using call_method
5205 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
5207 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
5209 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
5210 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
5213 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
5215 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
5219 =item LIGHTWEIGHT CALLBACKS
5229 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
5234 X<Perl API> X<API> X<api>
5236 =item "Gimme" Values
5238 GIMME X<GIMME>, GIMME_V X<GIMME_V>, G_ARRAY X<G_ARRAY>, G_DISCARD
5239 X<G_DISCARD>, G_EVAL X<G_EVAL>, G_NOARGS X<G_NOARGS>, G_SCALAR X<G_SCALAR>,
5242 =item Array Manipulation Functions
5244 AvFILL X<AvFILL>, av_clear X<av_clear>, av_delete X<av_delete>, av_exists
5245 X<av_exists>, av_extend X<av_extend>, av_fetch X<av_fetch>, av_fill
5246 X<av_fill>, av_len X<av_len>, av_make X<av_make>, av_pop X<av_pop>, av_push
5247 X<av_push>, av_shift X<av_shift>, av_store X<av_store>, av_undef
5248 X<av_undef>, av_unshift X<av_unshift>, get_av X<get_av>, newAV X<newAV>,
5249 sortsv X<sortsv>, sortsv_flags X<sortsv_flags>
5251 =item Callback Functions
5253 call_argv X<call_argv>, call_method X<call_method>, call_pv X<call_pv>,
5254 call_sv X<call_sv>, ENTER X<ENTER>, eval_pv X<eval_pv>, eval_sv X<eval_sv>,
5255 FREETMPS X<FREETMPS>, LEAVE X<LEAVE>, SAVETMPS X<SAVETMPS>
5257 =item Character classes
5259 isALNUM X<isALNUM>, isALPHA X<isALPHA>, isDIGIT X<isDIGIT>, isLOWER
5260 X<isLOWER>, isSPACE X<isSPACE>, isUPPER X<isUPPER>, toLOWER X<toLOWER>,
5263 =item Cloning an interpreter
5265 perl_clone X<perl_clone>
5267 =item CV Manipulation Functions
5269 CvSTASH X<CvSTASH>, get_cv X<get_cv>
5271 =item Embedding Functions
5273 cv_undef X<cv_undef>, load_module X<load_module>, nothreadhook
5274 X<nothreadhook>, perl_alloc X<perl_alloc>, perl_construct
5275 X<perl_construct>, perl_destruct X<perl_destruct>, perl_free X<perl_free>,
5276 perl_parse X<perl_parse>, perl_run X<perl_run>, require_pv X<require_pv>
5278 =item Functions in file mathoms.c
5280 gv_fetchmethod X<gv_fetchmethod>, sv_2pvbyte_nolen X<sv_2pvbyte_nolen>,
5281 sv_2pvutf8_nolen X<sv_2pvutf8_nolen>, sv_2pv_nolen X<sv_2pv_nolen>,
5282 sv_catpvn_mg X<sv_catpvn_mg>, sv_catsv_mg X<sv_catsv_mg>, sv_force_normal
5283 X<sv_force_normal>, sv_iv X<sv_iv>, sv_nolocking X<sv_nolocking>,
5284 sv_nounlocking X<sv_nounlocking>, sv_nv X<sv_nv>, sv_pv X<sv_pv>, sv_pvbyte
5285 X<sv_pvbyte>, sv_pvbyten X<sv_pvbyten>, sv_pvn X<sv_pvn>, sv_pvutf8
5286 X<sv_pvutf8>, sv_pvutf8n X<sv_pvutf8n>, sv_taint X<sv_taint>, sv_unref
5287 X<sv_unref>, sv_uv X<sv_uv>
5289 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
5291 packlist X<packlist>, pack_cat X<pack_cat>, unpackstring X<unpackstring>,
5292 unpack_str X<unpack_str>
5294 =item Global Variables
5296 PL_modglobal X<PL_modglobal>, PL_na X<PL_na>, PL_sv_no X<PL_sv_no>,
5297 PL_sv_undef X<PL_sv_undef>, PL_sv_yes X<PL_sv_yes>
5301 GvSV X<GvSV>, gv_const_sv X<gv_const_sv>, gv_fetchmeth X<gv_fetchmeth>,
5302 gv_fetchmethod_autoload X<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>, gv_fetchmeth_autoload
5303 X<gv_fetchmeth_autoload>, gv_stashpv X<gv_stashpv>, gv_stashpvn
5304 X<gv_stashpvn>, gv_stashsv X<gv_stashsv>
5308 Nullav X<Nullav>, Nullch X<Nullch>, Nullcv X<Nullcv>, Nullhv X<Nullhv>,
5311 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
5313 get_hv X<get_hv>, HEf_SVKEY X<HEf_SVKEY>, HeHASH X<HeHASH>, HeKEY X<HeKEY>,
5314 HeKLEN X<HeKLEN>, HePV X<HePV>, HeSVKEY X<HeSVKEY>, HeSVKEY_force
5315 X<HeSVKEY_force>, HeSVKEY_set X<HeSVKEY_set>, HeVAL X<HeVAL>, HvNAME
5316 X<HvNAME>, hv_assert X<hv_assert>, hv_clear X<hv_clear>,
5317 hv_clear_placeholders X<hv_clear_placeholders>, hv_delete X<hv_delete>,
5318 hv_delete_ent X<hv_delete_ent>, hv_exists X<hv_exists>, hv_exists_ent
5319 X<hv_exists_ent>, hv_fetch X<hv_fetch>, hv_fetch_ent X<hv_fetch_ent>,
5320 hv_iterinit X<hv_iterinit>, hv_iterkey X<hv_iterkey>, hv_iterkeysv
5321 X<hv_iterkeysv>, hv_iternext X<hv_iternext>, hv_iternextsv
5322 X<hv_iternextsv>, hv_iternext_flags X<hv_iternext_flags>, hv_iterval
5323 X<hv_iterval>, hv_magic X<hv_magic>, hv_scalar X<hv_scalar>, hv_store
5324 X<hv_store>, hv_store_ent X<hv_store_ent>, hv_undef X<hv_undef>, newHV
5327 =item Magical Functions
5329 mg_clear X<mg_clear>, mg_copy X<mg_copy>, mg_find X<mg_find>, mg_free
5330 X<mg_free>, mg_get X<mg_get>, mg_length X<mg_length>, mg_magical
5331 X<mg_magical>, mg_set X<mg_set>, SvGETMAGIC X<SvGETMAGIC>, SvLOCK
5332 X<SvLOCK>, SvSETMAGIC X<SvSETMAGIC>, SvSetMagicSV X<SvSetMagicSV>,
5333 SvSetMagicSV_nosteal X<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>, SvSetSV X<SvSetSV>,
5334 SvSetSV_nosteal X<SvSetSV_nosteal>, SvSHARE X<SvSHARE>, SvUNLOCK
5337 =item Memory Management
5339 Copy X<Copy>, CopyD X<CopyD>, Move X<Move>, MoveD X<MoveD>, Newx X<Newx>,
5340 Newxc X<Newxc>, Newxz X<Newxz>, Poison X<Poison>, Renew X<Renew>, Renewc
5341 X<Renewc>, Safefree X<Safefree>, savepv X<savepv>, savepvn X<savepvn>,
5342 savesharedpv X<savesharedpv>, savesvpv X<savesvpv>, StructCopy
5343 X<StructCopy>, Zero X<Zero>, ZeroD X<ZeroD>
5345 =item Miscellaneous Functions
5347 fbm_compile X<fbm_compile>, fbm_instr X<fbm_instr>, form X<form>, getcwd_sv
5348 X<getcwd_sv>, my_sprintf X<my_sprintf>, new_version X<new_version>,
5349 scan_version X<scan_version>, strEQ X<strEQ>, strGE X<strGE>, strGT
5350 X<strGT>, strLE X<strLE>, strLT X<strLT>, strNE X<strNE>, strnEQ X<strnEQ>,
5351 strnNE X<strnNE>, sv_nosharing X<sv_nosharing>, upg_version X<upg_version>,
5352 vcmp X<vcmp>, vnormal X<vnormal>, vnumify X<vnumify>, vstringify
5353 X<vstringify>, vverify X<vverify>
5355 =item Multicall Functions
5357 dMULTICALL X<dMULTICALL>, MULTICALL X<MULTICALL>, POP_MULTICALL
5358 X<POP_MULTICALL>, PUSH_MULTICALL X<PUSH_MULTICALL>
5360 =item Numeric functions
5362 grok_bin X<grok_bin>, grok_hex X<grok_hex>, grok_number X<grok_number>,
5363 grok_numeric_radix X<grok_numeric_radix>, grok_oct X<grok_oct>, scan_bin
5364 X<scan_bin>, scan_hex X<scan_hex>, scan_oct X<scan_oct>
5366 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
5368 cv_const_sv X<cv_const_sv>, newCONSTSUB X<newCONSTSUB>, newXS X<newXS>
5370 =item Pad Data Structures
5374 =item Simple Exception Handling Macros
5376 dXCPT X<dXCPT>, XCPT_CATCH X<XCPT_CATCH>, XCPT_RETHROW X<XCPT_RETHROW>,
5377 XCPT_TRY_END X<XCPT_TRY_END>, XCPT_TRY_START X<XCPT_TRY_START>
5379 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
5381 dMARK X<dMARK>, dORIGMARK X<dORIGMARK>, dSP X<dSP>, EXTEND X<EXTEND>, MARK
5382 X<MARK>, mPUSHi X<mPUSHi>, mPUSHn X<mPUSHn>, mPUSHp X<mPUSHp>, mPUSHu
5383 X<mPUSHu>, mXPUSHi X<mXPUSHi>, mXPUSHn X<mXPUSHn>, mXPUSHp X<mXPUSHp>,
5384 mXPUSHu X<mXPUSHu>, ORIGMARK X<ORIGMARK>, POPi X<POPi>, POPl X<POPl>, POPn
5385 X<POPn>, POPp X<POPp>, POPpbytex X<POPpbytex>, POPpx X<POPpx>, POPs
5386 X<POPs>, PUSHi X<PUSHi>, PUSHMARK X<PUSHMARK>, PUSHmortal X<PUSHmortal>,
5387 PUSHn X<PUSHn>, PUSHp X<PUSHp>, PUSHs X<PUSHs>, PUSHu X<PUSHu>, PUTBACK
5388 X<PUTBACK>, SP X<SP>, SPAGAIN X<SPAGAIN>, XPUSHi X<XPUSHi>, XPUSHmortal
5389 X<XPUSHmortal>, XPUSHn X<XPUSHn>, XPUSHp X<XPUSHp>, XPUSHs X<XPUSHs>,
5390 XPUSHu X<XPUSHu>, XSRETURN X<XSRETURN>, XSRETURN_EMPTY X<XSRETURN_EMPTY>,
5391 XSRETURN_IV X<XSRETURN_IV>, XSRETURN_NO X<XSRETURN_NO>, XSRETURN_NV
5392 X<XSRETURN_NV>, XSRETURN_PV X<XSRETURN_PV>, XSRETURN_UNDEF
5393 X<XSRETURN_UNDEF>, XSRETURN_UV X<XSRETURN_UV>, XSRETURN_YES
5394 X<XSRETURN_YES>, XST_mIV X<XST_mIV>, XST_mNO X<XST_mNO>, XST_mNV
5395 X<XST_mNV>, XST_mPV X<XST_mPV>, XST_mUNDEF X<XST_mUNDEF>, XST_mYES
5400 svtype X<svtype>, SVt_IV X<SVt_IV>, SVt_NV X<SVt_NV>, SVt_PV X<SVt_PV>,
5401 SVt_PVAV X<SVt_PVAV>, SVt_PVCV X<SVt_PVCV>, SVt_PVHV X<SVt_PVHV>, SVt_PVMG
5404 =item SV Manipulation Functions
5406 get_sv X<get_sv>, looks_like_number X<looks_like_number>, newRV_inc
5407 X<newRV_inc>, newRV_noinc X<newRV_noinc>, newSV X<newSV>, newSVhek
5408 X<newSVhek>, newSViv X<newSViv>, newSVnv X<newSVnv>, newSVpv X<newSVpv>,
5409 newSVpvf X<newSVpvf>, newSVpvn X<newSVpvn>, newSVpvn_share
5410 X<newSVpvn_share>, newSVrv X<newSVrv>, newSVsv X<newSVsv>, newSVuv
5411 X<newSVuv>, SvCUR X<SvCUR>, SvCUR_set X<SvCUR_set>, SvEND X<SvEND>, SvGROW
5412 X<SvGROW>, SvIOK X<SvIOK>, SvIOKp X<SvIOKp>, SvIOK_notUV X<SvIOK_notUV>,
5413 SvIOK_off X<SvIOK_off>, SvIOK_on X<SvIOK_on>, SvIOK_only X<SvIOK_only>,
5414 SvIOK_only_UV X<SvIOK_only_UV>, SvIOK_UV X<SvIOK_UV>, SvIsCOW X<SvIsCOW>,
5415 SvIsCOW_shared_hash X<SvIsCOW_shared_hash>, SvIV X<SvIV>, SvIVX X<SvIVX>,
5416 SvIVx X<SvIVx>, SvIV_nomg X<SvIV_nomg>, SvIV_set X<SvIV_set>, SvLEN
5417 X<SvLEN>, SvLEN_set X<SvLEN_set>, SvMAGIC_set X<SvMAGIC_set>, SvNIOK
5418 X<SvNIOK>, SvNIOKp X<SvNIOKp>, SvNIOK_off X<SvNIOK_off>, SvNOK X<SvNOK>,
5419 SvNOKp X<SvNOKp>, SvNOK_off X<SvNOK_off>, SvNOK_on X<SvNOK_on>, SvNOK_only
5420 X<SvNOK_only>, SvNV X<SvNV>, SvNVX X<SvNVX>, SvNVx X<SvNVx>, SvNV_set
5421 X<SvNV_set>, SvOK X<SvOK>, SvOOK X<SvOOK>, SvPOK X<SvPOK>, SvPOKp
5422 X<SvPOKp>, SvPOK_off X<SvPOK_off>, SvPOK_on X<SvPOK_on>, SvPOK_only
5423 X<SvPOK_only>, SvPOK_only_UTF8 X<SvPOK_only_UTF8>, SvPV X<SvPV>, SvPVbyte
5424 X<SvPVbyte>, SvPVbytex X<SvPVbytex>, SvPVbytex_force X<SvPVbytex_force>,
5425 SvPVbyte_force X<SvPVbyte_force>, SvPVbyte_nolen X<SvPVbyte_nolen>,
5426 SvPVutf8 X<SvPVutf8>, SvPVutf8x X<SvPVutf8x>, SvPVutf8x_force
5427 X<SvPVutf8x_force>, SvPVutf8_force X<SvPVutf8_force>, SvPVutf8_nolen
5428 X<SvPVutf8_nolen>, SvPVX X<SvPVX>, SvPVx X<SvPVx>, SvPV_force
5429 X<SvPV_force>, SvPV_force_nomg X<SvPV_force_nomg>, SvPV_nolen
5430 X<SvPV_nolen>, SvPV_nomg X<SvPV_nomg>, SvPV_set X<SvPV_set>, SvREFCNT
5431 X<SvREFCNT>, SvREFCNT_dec X<SvREFCNT_dec>, SvREFCNT_inc X<SvREFCNT_inc>,
5432 SvROK X<SvROK>, SvROK_off X<SvROK_off>, SvROK_on X<SvROK_on>, SvRV X<SvRV>,
5433 SvRV_set X<SvRV_set>, SvSTASH X<SvSTASH>, SvSTASH_set X<SvSTASH_set>,
5434 SvTAINT X<SvTAINT>, SvTAINTED X<SvTAINTED>, SvTAINTED_off X<SvTAINTED_off>,
5435 SvTAINTED_on X<SvTAINTED_on>, SvTRUE X<SvTRUE>, SvTYPE X<SvTYPE>, SvUOK
5436 X<SvUOK>, SvUPGRADE X<SvUPGRADE>, SvUTF8 X<SvUTF8>, SvUTF8_off
5437 X<SvUTF8_off>, SvUTF8_on X<SvUTF8_on>, SvUV X<SvUV>, SvUVX X<SvUVX>, SvUVx
5438 X<SvUVx>, SvUV_nomg X<SvUV_nomg>, SvUV_set X<SvUV_set>, SvVOK X<SvVOK>,
5439 sv_2bool X<sv_2bool>, sv_2cv X<sv_2cv>, sv_2io X<sv_2io>, sv_2iv_flags
5440 X<sv_2iv_flags>, sv_2mortal X<sv_2mortal>, sv_2nv X<sv_2nv>, sv_2pvbyte
5441 X<sv_2pvbyte>, sv_2pvutf8 X<sv_2pvutf8>, sv_2pv_flags X<sv_2pv_flags>,
5442 sv_2uv_flags X<sv_2uv_flags>, sv_backoff X<sv_backoff>, sv_bless
5443 X<sv_bless>, sv_catpv X<sv_catpv>, sv_catpvf X<sv_catpvf>, sv_catpvf_mg
5444 X<sv_catpvf_mg>, sv_catpvn X<sv_catpvn>, sv_catpvn_flags
5445 X<sv_catpvn_flags>, sv_catpvn_nomg X<sv_catpvn_nomg>, sv_catpv_mg
5446 X<sv_catpv_mg>, sv_catsv X<sv_catsv>, sv_catsv_flags X<sv_catsv_flags>,
5447 sv_catsv_nomg X<sv_catsv_nomg>, sv_chop X<sv_chop>, sv_clear X<sv_clear>,
5448 sv_cmp X<sv_cmp>, sv_cmp_locale X<sv_cmp_locale>, sv_collxfrm
5449 X<sv_collxfrm>, sv_copypv X<sv_copypv>, sv_dec X<sv_dec>, sv_derived_from
5450 X<sv_derived_from>, sv_eq X<sv_eq>, sv_force_normal_flags
5451 X<sv_force_normal_flags>, sv_free X<sv_free>, sv_gets X<sv_gets>, sv_grow
5452 X<sv_grow>, sv_inc X<sv_inc>, sv_insert X<sv_insert>, sv_isa X<sv_isa>,
5453 sv_isobject X<sv_isobject>, sv_len X<sv_len>, sv_len_utf8 X<sv_len_utf8>,
5454 sv_magic X<sv_magic>, sv_magicext X<sv_magicext>, sv_mortalcopy
5455 X<sv_mortalcopy>, sv_newmortal X<sv_newmortal>, sv_newref X<sv_newref>,
5456 sv_pos_b2u X<sv_pos_b2u>, sv_pos_u2b X<sv_pos_u2b>, sv_pvbyten_force
5457 X<sv_pvbyten_force>, sv_pvn_force X<sv_pvn_force>, sv_pvn_force_flags
5458 X<sv_pvn_force_flags>, sv_pvutf8n_force X<sv_pvutf8n_force>, sv_reftype
5459 X<sv_reftype>, sv_replace X<sv_replace>, sv_report_used X<sv_report_used>,
5460 sv_reset X<sv_reset>, sv_rvweaken X<sv_rvweaken>, sv_setiv X<sv_setiv>,
5461 sv_setiv_mg X<sv_setiv_mg>, sv_setnv X<sv_setnv>, sv_setnv_mg
5462 X<sv_setnv_mg>, sv_setpv X<sv_setpv>, sv_setpvf X<sv_setpvf>, sv_setpvf_mg
5463 X<sv_setpvf_mg>, sv_setpviv X<sv_setpviv>, sv_setpviv_mg X<sv_setpviv_mg>,
5464 sv_setpvn X<sv_setpvn>, sv_setpvn_mg X<sv_setpvn_mg>, sv_setpv_mg
5465 X<sv_setpv_mg>, sv_setref_iv X<sv_setref_iv>, sv_setref_nv X<sv_setref_nv>,
5466 sv_setref_pv X<sv_setref_pv>, sv_setref_pvn X<sv_setref_pvn>, sv_setref_uv
5467 X<sv_setref_uv>, sv_setsv X<sv_setsv>, sv_setsv_flags X<sv_setsv_flags>,
5468 sv_setsv_mg X<sv_setsv_mg>, sv_setsv_nomg X<sv_setsv_nomg>, sv_setuv
5469 X<sv_setuv>, sv_setuv_mg X<sv_setuv_mg>, sv_tainted X<sv_tainted>, sv_true
5470 X<sv_true>, sv_unmagic X<sv_unmagic>, sv_unref_flags X<sv_unref_flags>,
5471 sv_untaint X<sv_untaint>, sv_upgrade X<sv_upgrade>, sv_usepvn X<sv_usepvn>,
5472 sv_usepvn_mg X<sv_usepvn_mg>, sv_utf8_decode X<sv_utf8_decode>,
5473 sv_utf8_downgrade X<sv_utf8_downgrade>, sv_utf8_encode X<sv_utf8_encode>,
5474 sv_utf8_upgrade X<sv_utf8_upgrade>, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags
5475 X<sv_utf8_upgrade_flags>, sv_vcatpvf X<sv_vcatpvf>, sv_vcatpvfn
5476 X<sv_vcatpvfn>, sv_vcatpvf_mg X<sv_vcatpvf_mg>, sv_vsetpvf X<sv_vsetpvf>,
5477 sv_vsetpvfn X<sv_vsetpvfn>, sv_vsetpvf_mg X<sv_vsetpvf_mg>
5479 =item Unicode Support
5481 bytes_from_utf8 X<bytes_from_utf8>, bytes_to_utf8 X<bytes_to_utf8>,
5482 ibcmp_utf8 X<ibcmp_utf8>, is_utf8_char X<is_utf8_char>, is_utf8_string
5483 X<is_utf8_string>, is_utf8_string_loc X<is_utf8_string_loc>,
5484 is_utf8_string_loclen X<is_utf8_string_loclen>, pv_uni_display
5485 X<pv_uni_display>, sv_cat_decode X<sv_cat_decode>, sv_recode_to_utf8
5486 X<sv_recode_to_utf8>, sv_uni_display X<sv_uni_display>, to_utf8_case
5487 X<to_utf8_case>, to_utf8_fold X<to_utf8_fold>, to_utf8_lower
5488 X<to_utf8_lower>, to_utf8_title X<to_utf8_title>, to_utf8_upper
5489 X<to_utf8_upper>, utf8n_to_uvchr X<utf8n_to_uvchr>, utf8n_to_uvuni
5490 X<utf8n_to_uvuni>, utf8_distance X<utf8_distance>, utf8_hop X<utf8_hop>,
5491 utf8_length X<utf8_length>, utf8_to_bytes X<utf8_to_bytes>, utf8_to_uvchr
5492 X<utf8_to_uvchr>, utf8_to_uvuni X<utf8_to_uvuni>, uvchr_to_utf8
5493 X<uvchr_to_utf8>, uvuni_to_utf8_flags X<uvuni_to_utf8_flags>
5495 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
5497 ax X<ax>, CLASS X<CLASS>, dAX X<dAX>, dAXMARK X<dAXMARK>, dITEMS X<dITEMS>,
5498 dUNDERBAR X<dUNDERBAR>, dXSARGS X<dXSARGS>, dXSI32 X<dXSI32>, items
5499 X<items>, ix X<ix>, newXSproto X<newXSproto>, RETVAL X<RETVAL>, ST X<ST>,
5500 THIS X<THIS>, UNDERBAR X<UNDERBAR>, XS X<XS>, XS_VERSION X<XS_VERSION>,
5501 XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK X<XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK>
5503 =item Warning and Dieing
5505 croak X<croak>, warn X<warn>
5513 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
5519 X<internal Perl functions> X<interpreter functions>
5521 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
5523 CvWEAKOUTSIDE X<CvWEAKOUTSIDE>
5525 =item Functions in file pad.h
5527 CX_CURPAD_SAVE X<CX_CURPAD_SAVE>, CX_CURPAD_SV X<CX_CURPAD_SV>, PAD_BASE_SV
5528 X<PAD_BASE_SV>, PAD_CLONE_VARS X<PAD_CLONE_VARS>, PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS
5529 X<PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS>, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN X<PAD_COMPNAME_GEN>,
5530 PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set X<PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set>, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH
5531 X<PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH>, PAD_COMPNAME_PV X<PAD_COMPNAME_PV>,
5532 PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE X<PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE>, PAD_DUP X<PAD_DUP>,
5533 PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL X<PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL>, PAD_SAVE_LOCAL X<PAD_SAVE_LOCAL>,
5534 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD X<PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD>, PAD_SETSV X<PAD_SETSV>,
5535 PAD_SET_CUR X<PAD_SET_CUR>, PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE X<PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE>,
5536 PAD_SV X<PAD_SV>, PAD_SVl X<PAD_SVl>, SAVECLEARSV X<SAVECLEARSV>,
5537 SAVECOMPPAD X<SAVECOMPPAD>, SAVEPADSV X<SAVEPADSV>
5539 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
5541 find_runcv X<find_runcv>
5543 =item Global Variables
5545 PL_DBsingle X<PL_DBsingle>, PL_DBsub X<PL_DBsub>, PL_DBtrace X<PL_DBtrace>,
5546 PL_dowarn X<PL_dowarn>, PL_last_in_gv X<PL_last_in_gv>, PL_ofs_sv
5547 X<PL_ofs_sv>, PL_rs X<PL_rs>
5551 is_gv_magical X<is_gv_magical>, is_gv_magical_sv X<is_gv_magical_sv>
5555 start_glob X<start_glob>
5557 =item Magical Functions
5559 mg_localize X<mg_localize>
5561 =item Pad Data Structures
5563 CvPADLIST X<CvPADLIST>, cv_clone X<cv_clone>, cv_dump X<cv_dump>,
5564 do_dump_pad X<do_dump_pad>, intro_my X<intro_my>, pad_add_anon
5565 X<pad_add_anon>, pad_add_name X<pad_add_name>, pad_alloc X<pad_alloc>,
5566 pad_block_start X<pad_block_start>, pad_check_dup X<pad_check_dup>,
5567 pad_findlex X<pad_findlex>, pad_findmy X<pad_findmy>, pad_fixup_inner_anons
5568 X<pad_fixup_inner_anons>, pad_free X<pad_free>, pad_leavemy X<pad_leavemy>,
5569 pad_new X<pad_new>, pad_push X<pad_push>, pad_reset X<pad_reset>, pad_setsv
5570 X<pad_setsv>, pad_swipe X<pad_swipe>, pad_tidy X<pad_tidy>, pad_undef
5573 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
5575 djSP X<djSP>, LVRET X<LVRET>
5577 =item SV Manipulation Functions
5579 sv_add_arena X<sv_add_arena>, sv_clean_all X<sv_clean_all>, sv_clean_objs
5580 X<sv_clean_objs>, sv_free_arenas X<sv_free_arenas>
5582 =item Unicode Support
5584 find_uninit_var X<find_uninit_var>, report_uninit X<report_uninit>
5592 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
5602 =item History and Background
5604 =item Basic Structure
5606 =item Layers vs Disciplines
5608 =item Data Structures
5610 =item Functions and Attributes
5612 =item Per-instance Data
5614 =item Layers in action.
5616 =item Per-instance flag bits
5618 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
5619 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
5620 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
5621 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
5623 =item Methods in Detail
5625 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
5626 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
5627 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
5628 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
5633 =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
5635 C implementations, Perl implementations
5639 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
5641 =item Extension Layers
5643 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
5651 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
5659 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
5660 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
5661 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
5662 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
5663 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
5664 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
5665 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
5666 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
5667 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
5668 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
5669 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
5673 =item Co-existence with stdio
5675 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
5676 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
5678 =item "Fast gets" Functions
5680 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
5681 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
5682 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
5683 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
5685 =item Other Functions
5687 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
5688 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
5694 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5700 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5701 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5702 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5703 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5704 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5705 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5706 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5710 =item Keeping in sync
5712 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5713 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5715 =item Why rsync the source tree
5717 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
5719 =item Why rsync the patches
5721 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5722 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5724 =item Working with the source
5726 =item Perlbug administration
5728 =item Submitting patches
5730 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5731 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5733 =item Finding Your Way Around
5735 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5737 =item Elements of the interpreter
5739 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running, Exception handing
5741 =item Internal Variable Types
5747 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5749 =item Millions of Macros
5751 =item The .i Targets
5753 =item Poking at Perl
5755 =item Using a source-level debugger
5757 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5758 finish, 'enter', print
5760 =item gdb macro support
5762 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5766 =item Patching a core module
5768 =item Adding a new function to the core
5770 =item Writing a test
5772 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5773 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
5774 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5776 =item Special Make Test Targets
5778 coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind
5779 check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third
5780 utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8
5781 check.utf8, minitest.utf16 test.utf16, test_harness, test-notty test_notty
5783 =item Running tests by hand
5785 -v, -torture, -re=PATTERN, -re LIST OF PATTERNS, PERL_CORE=1,
5786 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
5790 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5794 =item Rational Software's Purify
5796 =item Purify on Unix
5798 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5802 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5806 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5808 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5814 =item Gprof Profiling
5816 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5818 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5820 =item Pixie Profiling
5822 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5825 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5829 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5837 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
5845 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
5851 =item The roadmap to 5.10
5855 =item Needed for a 5.9.4 release
5857 =item Needed for a 5.9.5 release
5859 Implement L</_ prototype character>, Implement L</state variables>
5861 =item Needed for a 5.9.6 release
5865 =item Tasks that only need Perl knowledge
5869 =item common test code for timed bail out
5871 =item POD -> HTML conversion in the core still sucks
5873 =item Parallel testing
5875 =item Make Schwern poorer
5877 =item Improve the coverage of the core tests
5881 =item A decent benchmark
5883 =item fix tainting bugs
5885 =item Dual life everything
5887 =item Improving C<threads::shared>
5889 =item POSIX memory footprint
5893 =item Tasks that need a little sysadmin-type knowledge
5897 =item Relocatable perl
5899 =item make HTML install work
5901 =item compressed man pages
5903 =item Add a code coverage target to the Makefile
5905 =item Make Config.pm cope with differences between build and installed perl
5907 =item make parallel builds work
5909 =item linker specification files
5913 =item Tasks that need a little C knowledge
5917 =item Make it clear from -v if this is the exact official release
5919 =item Tidy up global variables
5921 =item Ordering of "global" variables.
5923 =item bincompat functions
5925 =item am I hot or not?
5927 =item emulate the per-thread memory pool on Unix
5929 =item reduce duplication in sv_setsv_flags
5933 =item Tasks that need a knowledge of XS
5939 =item shrink C<GV>s, C<CV>s
5941 =item merge Perl_sv_2[inpu]v
5943 =item UTF8 caching code
5945 =item Implicit Latin 1 => Unicode translation
5947 =item autovivification
5949 =item Unicode in Filenames
5951 =item Unicode in %ENV
5953 =item use less 'memory'
5955 =item Re-implement C<:unique> in a way that is actually thread-safe
5957 =item Make tainting consistent
5959 =item readpipe(LIST)
5963 =item Tasks that need a knowledge of the interpreter
5967 =item lexical pragmas
5969 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
5971 =item Constant folding
5973 =item LVALUE functions for lists
5975 =item LVALUE functions in the debugger
5977 =item _ prototype character
5979 =item state variables
5981 =item @INC source filter to Filter::Simple
5983 =item regexp optimiser optional
5987 =item optional optimizer
5989 =item You WANT *how* many
5991 =item lexical aliases
5993 =item entersub XS vs Perl
5997 =item Optimize away @_
5999 =item What hooks would assertions need?
6007 =item make ithreads more robust
6011 =item (?{...}) closures in regexps
6013 =item A re-entrant regexp engine
6019 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
6029 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
6030 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
6031 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
6032 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>, B<-L> I<language_code>,
6033 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
6044 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
6052 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
6064 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
6066 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
6070 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
6074 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.3
6080 =item Incompatible Changes
6084 =item Parsing of C<-f _>
6088 =item Magic goto and eval
6090 =item C<$#> has been removed
6094 =item Scoping of the C<sort> pragma
6098 =item Core Enhancements
6102 =item The C<feature> pragma
6104 =item Switch and Smart Match operator
6108 =item C<CLONE_SKIP()>
6110 =item C<${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}>
6114 =item Unicode Character Database 4.1.0
6118 =item Recursive sort subs
6120 =item Effect of pragmas in eval
6122 =item New B<-E> command-line switch
6124 =item C<chdir>, C<chmod> and C<chown> on filehandles
6130 =item Modules and Pragmata
6134 =item New Core Modules
6138 =item Utility Changes
6146 =item C<h2xs> enhancements
6148 =item C<perlivp> enhancements
6160 =item Performance Enhancements
6164 =item XS-assisted SWASHGET
6166 =item Constant subroutines
6168 =item C<PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV>
6170 =item Weak references are cheaper
6172 =item sort() enhancements
6176 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6180 =item Compilation improvements
6182 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6186 =item Module auxiliary files
6190 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6194 =item C<defined $$x>
6196 =item Calling CORE::require()
6198 =item Subscripts of slices
6200 =item Remove over-optimisation
6202 =item sprintf() fixes
6204 =item no warnings 'category' works correctly with -w
6208 =item More Unicode Fixes
6212 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6216 =item Attempt to set length of freed array
6218 =item Non-string passed as bitmask
6220 =item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search
6223 =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration
6225 =item readdir()/closedir()/etc. attempted on invalid dirhandle
6229 =item Changed Internals
6233 =item B:: modules inheritance changed
6237 =item Known Problems
6241 =item Platform Specific Problems
6245 =item Reporting Bugs
6251 =head2 perl593delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.3
6257 =item Incompatible Changes
6261 =item Parsing of C<-f _>
6265 =item Magic goto and eval
6267 =item C<$#> has been removed
6271 =item Scoping of the C<sort> pragma
6275 =item Core Enhancements
6279 =item The C<feature> pragma
6281 =item Switch and Smart Match operator
6285 =item C<CLONE_SKIP()>
6287 =item C<${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}>
6291 =item Unicode Character Database 4.1.0
6295 =item Recursive sort subs
6297 =item Effect of pragmas in eval
6299 =item New B<-E> command-line switch
6301 =item C<chdir>, C<chmod> and C<chown> on filehandles
6307 =item Modules and Pragmata
6311 =item New Core Modules
6315 =item Utility Changes
6323 =item C<h2xs> enhancements
6325 =item C<perlivp> enhancements
6337 =item Performance Enhancements
6341 =item XS-assisted SWASHGET
6343 =item Constant subroutines
6345 =item C<PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV>
6347 =item Weak references are cheaper
6349 =item sort() enhancements
6353 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6357 =item Compilation improvements
6359 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6363 =item Module auxiliary files
6367 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6371 =item C<defined $$x>
6373 =item Calling CORE::require()
6375 =item Subscripts of slices
6377 =item Remove over-optimisation
6379 =item sprintf() fixes
6381 =item no warnings 'category' works correctly with -w
6385 =item More Unicode Fixes
6389 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6393 =item Attempt to set length of freed array
6395 =item Non-string passed as bitmask
6397 =item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search
6400 =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration
6402 =item readdir()/closedir()/etc. attempted on invalid dirhandle
6406 =item Changed Internals
6410 =item B:: modules inheritance changed
6414 =item Known Problems
6418 =item Platform Specific Problems
6422 =item Reporting Bugs
6428 =head2 perl592delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.2
6434 =item Incompatible Changes
6438 =item Packing and UTF-8 strings
6444 =item Core Enhancements
6448 =item Malloc wrapping
6450 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
6452 =item suidperl less insecure
6458 =item Unicode Character Classes
6460 =item Byte-order modifiers for pack() and unpack()
6462 =item Byte count feature in pack()
6468 =item Modules and Pragmata
6474 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6476 B::Concise, Socket, Sys::Syslog, threads
6480 =item Utility Changes
6482 =item Performance Enhancements
6484 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6486 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6488 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6490 =item Changed Internals
6492 =item Known Problems
6494 =item Plans for the next release
6496 =item Reporting Bugs
6502 =head2 perl591delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.1
6508 =item Incompatible Changes
6512 =item substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length
6514 =item The C<:unique> attribute is only meaningful for globals
6518 =item Core Enhancements
6524 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
6528 =item Stacked filetest operators
6532 =item Modules and Pragmata
6534 Benchmark, Carp, Exporter, FindBin, List::Util, threads::shared
6536 =item Utility Changes
6540 =item Performance Enhancements
6542 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6548 =item Threading bugs
6554 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6556 =item Changed Internals
6560 =item Reordering of SVt_* constants
6562 =item Removal of CPP symbols
6564 =item Less space is used by ops
6570 =item Configuration and Building
6572 =item Known Problems
6576 =item Platform Specific Problems
6580 =item To-do for perl 5.10.0
6582 =item Reporting Bugs
6588 =head2 perl590delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
6594 =item Incompatible Changes
6598 =item Hash Randomisation
6600 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
6602 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
6604 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
6606 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
6608 =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
6612 =item Core Enhancements
6618 =item Defined-or operators
6620 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
6622 =item Unsafe signals again available
6624 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
6628 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
6630 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
6634 =item Modules and Pragmata
6638 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
6640 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
6641 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
6642 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
6643 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
6644 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
6645 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
6646 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
6651 =item Utility Changes
6653 =item New Documentation
6655 =item Performance Enhancements
6657 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6661 =item Platform-specific enhancements
6665 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6669 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
6673 =item Platform-specific fixes
6677 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6681 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
6683 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
6685 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
6687 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
6689 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
6691 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
6693 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
6695 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
6697 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
6699 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
6701 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
6705 =item Changed Internals
6709 =item Known Problems
6713 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
6715 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
6721 =item Platform Specific Problems
6725 =item EBCDIC Platforms
6727 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
6729 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
6731 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
6733 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
6735 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
6737 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
6743 =item Reporting Bugs
6749 =head2 perl587delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.7
6755 =item Incompatible Changes
6757 =item Core Enhancements
6761 =item Unicode Character Database 4.1.0
6763 =item suidperl less insecure
6765 =item Optional site customization script
6767 =item C<Config.pm> is now much smaller.
6771 =item Modules and Pragmata
6773 =item Utility Changes
6777 =item find2perl enhancements
6781 =item Performance Enhancements
6783 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6785 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6787 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6789 =item Changed Internals
6791 =item Known Problems
6793 =item Platform Specific Problems
6795 =item Reporting Bugs
6801 =head2 perl586delta - what is new for perl v5.8.6
6807 =item Incompatible Changes
6809 =item Core Enhancements
6811 =item Modules and Pragmata
6813 =item Utility Changes
6815 =item Performance Enhancements
6817 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6819 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6821 =item Changed Internals
6825 =item Reporting Bugs
6831 =head2 perl585delta - what is new for perl v5.8.5
6837 =item Incompatible Changes
6839 =item Core Enhancements
6841 =item Modules and Pragmata
6843 =item Utility Changes
6847 =item Perl's debugger
6853 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6855 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6857 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6859 =item Changed Internals
6861 =item Known Problems
6863 =item Platform Specific Problems
6865 =item Reporting Bugs
6871 =head2 perl584delta - what is new for perl v5.8.4
6877 =item Incompatible Changes
6879 =item Core Enhancements
6883 =item Malloc wrapping
6885 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
6887 =item suidperl less insecure
6893 =item Modules and Pragmata
6897 =item Updated modules
6899 Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter, File::Find,
6900 IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
6901 Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBM_File, POSIX, Shell, Socket, Storable,
6902 Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32,
6903 base, open, threads, utf8
6907 =item Performance Enhancements
6909 =item Utility Changes
6911 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6913 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6915 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6917 =item Changed Internals
6919 =item Future Directions
6921 =item Platform Specific Problems
6923 =item Reporting Bugs
6929 =head2 perl583delta - what is new for perl v5.8.3
6935 =item Incompatible Changes
6937 =item Core Enhancements
6939 =item Modules and Pragmata
6941 CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util,
6942 Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate,
6943 Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared
6945 =item Utility Changes
6947 =item New Documentation
6949 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6951 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6953 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6955 =item Changed Internals
6957 =item Configuration and Building
6959 =item Platform Specific Problems
6961 =item Known Problems
6963 =item Future Directions
6967 =item Reporting Bugs
6973 =head2 perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2
6979 =item Incompatible Changes
6981 =item Core Enhancements
6985 =item Hash Randomisation
6991 =item Modules and Pragmata
6995 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
6997 Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64,
6998 Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate,
6999 Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL
7003 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7005 =item Changed Internals
7007 =item Platform Specific Problems
7009 =item Future Directions
7011 =item Reporting Bugs
7017 =head2 perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
7023 =item Incompatible Changes
7027 =item Hash Randomisation
7029 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
7031 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
7033 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
7035 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
7039 =item Core Enhancements
7043 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
7045 =item Unsafe signals again available
7047 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
7051 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
7053 =item Deprecation Warnings
7055 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
7059 =item Modules and Pragmata
7063 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
7065 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
7066 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
7067 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
7068 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
7069 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
7070 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
7071 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
7076 =item Utility Changes
7078 =item New Documentation
7080 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7084 =item Platform-specific enhancements
7088 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7092 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
7096 =item Platform-specific fixes
7100 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7104 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
7106 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
7108 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
7110 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
7112 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
7114 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
7116 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
7118 =item New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
7120 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
7122 =item New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
7124 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
7126 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
7128 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
7132 =item Changed Internals
7136 =item Known Problems
7140 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
7142 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
7148 =item Platform Specific Problems
7152 =item EBCDIC Platforms
7154 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
7156 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
7158 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
7160 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
7162 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
7164 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
7168 =item Future Directions
7170 =item Reporting Bugs
7176 =head2 perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
7182 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
7184 =item Incompatible Changes
7188 =item Binary Incompatibility
7190 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
7192 =item AIX Dynaloading
7194 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
7196 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
7198 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
7200 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
7202 =item New Unicode Properties
7204 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
7206 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
7208 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
7214 =item Core Enhancements
7218 =item Unicode Overhaul
7220 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
7224 =item Restricted Hashes
7228 =item Understanding of Numbers
7230 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
7232 =item Miscellaneous Changes
7236 =item Modules and Pragmata
7240 =item New Modules and Pragmata
7242 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
7246 =item Utility Changes
7248 =item New Documentation
7250 =item Performance Enhancements
7252 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7256 =item Generic Improvements
7258 =item New Or Improved Platforms
7262 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7266 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
7270 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7272 =item Changed Internals
7274 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
7278 =item Known Problems
7282 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
7284 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
7286 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
7288 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
7290 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
7292 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
7294 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
7296 =item PDL failing some tests
7300 =item Self-tying Problems
7302 =item ext/threads/t/libc
7304 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
7306 =item Timing problems
7308 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
7310 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
7314 =item Platform Specific Problems
7320 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
7326 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
7328 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
7330 =item DJGPP Failures
7332 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
7334 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
7336 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
7338 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
7340 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
7342 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
7346 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
7348 =item OS/2 Test Failures
7350 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
7356 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
7358 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
7360 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
7372 =item XML::Parser not working
7376 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
7378 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
7382 =item Reporting Bugs
7390 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
7398 =item Reporting Bugs
7406 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
7412 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
7414 =item Incompatible Changes
7418 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
7420 =item AIX Dynaloading
7422 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
7424 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
7430 =item Core Enhancements
7432 =item Modules and Pragmata
7436 =item New Modules and Distributions
7438 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
7442 =item Utility Changes
7444 =item New Documentation
7446 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7450 =item New Or Improved Platforms
7452 =item Generic Improvements
7456 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7460 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
7464 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7466 =item Source Code Enhancements
7470 =item MAGIC constants
7472 =item Better commented code
7474 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
7482 =item Known Problems
7488 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
7490 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
7492 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
7494 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
7496 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
7498 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
7502 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
7504 =item Failure of Thread tests
7514 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
7516 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
7518 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
7520 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
7522 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
7524 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
7528 =item Reporting Bugs
7536 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
7542 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
7544 =item Incompatible Changes
7546 =item Core Enhancements
7550 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
7552 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
7554 =item Signals Are Now Safe
7558 =item Modules and Pragmata
7564 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
7568 =item Performance Enhancements
7570 =item Utility Changes
7572 =item New Documentation
7588 =item README.solaris
7592 =item Porting/repository.pod
7596 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7600 =item New Or Improved Platforms
7602 =item Generic Improvements
7604 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
7605 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
7606 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
7610 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7614 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
7618 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7620 =item Changed Internals
7624 =item Known Problems
7628 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
7630 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
7632 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
7634 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
7638 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
7640 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
7642 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
7644 =item Failure of Thread tests
7646 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
7648 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
7650 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
7652 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
7656 =item Reporting Bugs
7664 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
7670 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
7672 =item Incompatible Changes
7674 =item Core Enhancements
7676 =item Modules and Pragmata
7682 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
7686 =item Utility Changes
7688 =item New Documentation
7690 =item Performance Enhancements
7692 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7696 =item Generic Improvements
7700 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7704 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
7708 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7710 =item Changed Internals
7712 =item Known Problems
7716 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
7718 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
7720 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
7722 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
7724 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
7726 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
7728 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
7730 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
7732 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
7734 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
7738 =item Reporting Bugs
7746 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
7752 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
7756 =item Security Issues
7758 =item Core bug fixes
7760 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
7761 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
7762 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
7763 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
7764 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
7765 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
7770 =item Configuration issues
7774 =item Bundled modules
7776 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
7777 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
7778 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
7779 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
7781 =item Platform-specific improvements
7783 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
7787 =item Core Enhancements
7791 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
7793 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
7795 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
7797 =item Support for interpolating named characters
7799 =item "our" declarations
7801 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
7803 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
7805 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
7807 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
7809 =item open() with more than two arguments
7811 =item 64-bit support
7813 =item Large file support
7819 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
7821 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
7823 =item File globbing implemented internally
7825 =item Support for CHECK blocks
7827 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
7829 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
7831 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
7833 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
7835 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
7837 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
7839 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
7841 =item Comments in pack() templates
7843 =item Weak references
7845 =item Binary numbers supported
7847 =item Lvalue subroutines
7849 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
7851 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
7853 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
7855 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
7857 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
7859 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
7861 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
7863 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
7865 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
7867 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
7869 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
7871 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
7873 =item Improved diagnostics
7875 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
7877 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
7879 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
7881 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
7883 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
7885 =item Improved security features
7887 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
7889 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
7891 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
7893 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
7895 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
7897 =item Optional Y2K warnings
7899 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
7901 =item @- and @+ provide starting/ending offsets of regex submatches
7905 =item Modules and Pragmata
7911 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
7912 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
7913 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
7914 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
7915 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
7916 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
7917 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
7918 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
7924 =item Utility Changes
7938 =item The Perl Debugger
7942 =item Improved Documentation
7944 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
7945 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
7946 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
7947 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
7949 =item Performance enhancements
7953 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
7955 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
7957 =item Faster subroutine calls
7959 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
7963 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7967 =item -Dusethreads means something different
7969 =item New Configure flags
7971 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
7977 =item -Duselargefiles
7979 =item installusrbinperl
7985 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
7987 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
7991 =item Platform specific changes
7995 =item Supported platforms
7999 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
8007 =item Significant bug fixes
8011 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
8013 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
8015 =item All compilation errors are true errors
8017 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
8019 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
8021 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
8023 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
8025 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
8027 =item Failures in DESTROY()
8029 =item Locale bugs fixed
8033 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
8035 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
8037 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
8039 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
8043 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8045 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
8046 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
8047 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
8048 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
8049 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
8050 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
8051 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
8052 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
8053 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
8054 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
8055 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
8056 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
8057 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
8058 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
8059 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
8060 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
8061 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
8062 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
8063 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
8064 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
8065 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
8066 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
8067 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
8068 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
8069 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
8070 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
8071 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
8072 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
8073 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
8074 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
8075 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
8076 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
8077 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
8078 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
8079 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
8080 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
8081 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
8082 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
8083 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
8084 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
8085 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
8086 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
8087 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
8088 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
8089 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
8090 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
8091 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
8092 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
8093 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
8094 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
8098 =item Incompatible Changes
8102 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
8104 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
8105 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
8106 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
8107 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
8108 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
8109 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
8110 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
8111 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
8112 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
8113 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
8114 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
8116 =item C Source Incompatibilities
8118 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
8120 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
8122 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
8124 =item Binary Incompatibilities
8128 =item Known Problems
8132 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
8134 =item Known test failures
8136 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
8138 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
8140 =item Arrow operator and arrays
8142 =item Experimental features
8144 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
8145 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
8146 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
8150 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
8152 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
8153 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
8154 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
8155 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
8157 =item Reporting Bugs
8165 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
8171 =item Core Enhancements
8175 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
8177 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
8179 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
8181 =item Support for interpolating named characters
8183 =item "our" declarations
8185 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
8187 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
8189 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
8191 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
8193 =item open() with more than two arguments
8195 =item 64-bit support
8197 =item Large file support
8203 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
8205 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
8207 =item File globbing implemented internally
8209 =item Support for CHECK blocks
8211 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
8213 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
8215 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
8217 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
8219 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
8221 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
8223 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
8225 =item Comments in pack() templates
8227 =item Weak references
8229 =item Binary numbers supported
8231 =item Lvalue subroutines
8233 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
8235 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
8237 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
8239 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
8241 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
8243 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
8245 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
8247 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
8249 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
8251 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
8253 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
8255 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
8257 =item Improved diagnostics
8259 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
8261 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
8263 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
8265 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
8267 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
8269 =item Improved security features
8271 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
8273 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
8275 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
8277 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
8279 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
8281 =item Optional Y2K warnings
8283 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
8285 =item @- and @+ provide starting/ending offsets of regex matches
8289 =item Modules and Pragmata
8295 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
8296 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
8297 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
8298 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
8299 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
8300 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
8301 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
8302 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
8308 =item Utility Changes
8322 =item The Perl Debugger
8326 =item Improved Documentation
8328 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
8329 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
8330 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
8331 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
8333 =item Performance enhancements
8337 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
8339 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
8341 =item Faster subroutine calls
8343 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
8347 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8351 =item -Dusethreads means something different
8353 =item New Configure flags
8355 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
8361 =item -Duselargefiles
8363 =item installusrbinperl
8369 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
8373 =item Platform specific changes
8377 =item Supported platforms
8381 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
8389 =item Significant bug fixes
8393 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
8395 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
8397 =item All compilation errors are true errors
8399 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
8401 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
8403 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
8405 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
8407 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
8409 =item Failures in DESTROY()
8411 =item Locale bugs fixed
8415 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
8417 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
8419 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
8421 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
8425 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8427 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
8428 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
8429 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
8430 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
8431 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
8432 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
8433 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
8434 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
8435 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
8436 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
8437 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
8438 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
8439 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
8440 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
8441 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
8442 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
8443 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
8444 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
8445 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
8446 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
8447 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
8448 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
8449 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
8450 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
8451 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
8452 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
8453 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
8454 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
8455 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
8456 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
8457 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
8458 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
8459 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
8460 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
8461 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
8462 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
8463 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
8464 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
8465 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
8466 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
8467 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
8468 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
8469 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
8470 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
8471 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
8472 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
8473 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
8474 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
8475 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
8476 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
8480 =item Incompatible Changes
8484 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
8486 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
8487 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
8488 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
8489 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
8490 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
8491 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
8492 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
8493 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
8494 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
8495 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
8496 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
8498 =item C Source Incompatibilities
8500 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
8502 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
8504 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
8506 =item Binary Incompatibilities
8510 =item Known Problems
8514 =item Thread test failures
8516 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
8518 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
8520 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
8522 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
8525 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
8527 =item Arrow operator and arrays
8529 =item Experimental features
8531 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
8532 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
8533 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
8537 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
8539 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
8540 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
8541 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
8542 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
8544 =item Reporting Bugs
8552 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
8558 =item About the new versioning system
8560 =item Incompatible Changes
8564 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
8566 =item Default installation structure has changed
8568 =item Perl Source Compatibility
8570 =item C Source Compatibility
8572 =item Binary Compatibility
8574 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
8576 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
8590 =item Regular Expressions
8592 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
8593 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
8594 improvements, Incompatible changes
8596 =item Improved malloc()
8598 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
8600 =item Reliable signals
8602 =item Reliable stack pointers
8604 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
8608 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
8610 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
8612 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
8614 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
8616 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
8618 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
8620 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
8622 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
8624 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
8626 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
8628 =item Better locale support
8630 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
8632 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
8634 =item Extended support for exception handling
8636 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
8638 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
8640 =item New C<INIT> keyword
8642 =item New C<lock> keyword
8644 =item New C<qr//> operator
8646 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
8648 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
8650 =item Tied handles support is better
8652 =item 4th argument to substr
8654 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
8656 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
8658 =item <> now reads in records
8662 =item Supported Platforms
8668 =item Changes in existing support
8672 =item Modules and Pragmata
8678 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
8679 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
8680 Thread, attrs, fields, re
8682 =item Changes in existing modules
8684 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
8685 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
8689 =item Utility Changes
8691 =item Documentation Changes
8693 =item New Diagnostics
8695 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
8696 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
8697 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
8698 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
8699 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
8700 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
8701 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
8702 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
8703 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
8704 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
8705 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
8706 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
8707 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
8708 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
8709 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
8710 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
8711 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
8713 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
8715 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
8716 temporary file, regexp too big
8718 =item Configuration Changes
8728 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
8734 =item Supported Environments
8740 =item List assignment to %ENV works
8742 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
8744 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
8746 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
8748 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
8750 =item More precise warnings
8752 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
8754 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
8756 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
8758 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
8760 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
8762 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
8764 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
8766 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
8768 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
8770 =item Changes to tainting checks
8772 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
8773 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
8775 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
8777 =item Embedding improvements
8779 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
8781 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
8783 =item New and changed syntax
8787 =item New and changed builtin constants
8791 =item New and changed builtin variables
8795 =item New and changed builtin functions
8797 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
8798 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
8799 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
8800 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
8801 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
8803 =item New builtin methods
8805 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
8807 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
8809 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
8810 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
8812 =item Malloc enhancements
8814 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
8816 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
8820 =item Support for More Operating Systems
8836 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
8837 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
8843 =item Required Updates
8845 =item Installation directories
8847 =item Module information summary
8861 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
8865 =item Utility Changes
8871 Sends converted HTML to standard output
8875 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
8879 =item C Language API Changes
8881 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
8884 =item Documentation Changes
8886 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
8887 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
8889 =item New Diagnostics
8891 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
8892 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
8893 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
8894 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
8895 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
8896 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
8897 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
8898 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
8899 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
8900 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
8901 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
8902 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
8903 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
8904 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
8905 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
8906 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
8907 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
8908 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
8909 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
8910 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
8911 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
8912 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
8913 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
8914 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
8915 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
8925 =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
8933 =item The "Artistic License"
8941 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
8942 copying fee", "Freely Available"
8946 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
8952 =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
8964 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
8968 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
8976 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
8980 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
8982 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
8984 =item The usenm option
8986 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
8988 =item Using Large Files with Perl
8994 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
9004 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
9020 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
9022 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
9024 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
9026 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
9032 =item Accessing documentation
9036 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
9038 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
9040 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
9042 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
9046 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
9050 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
9052 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
9054 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
9056 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
9058 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
9062 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
9070 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
9080 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5.8+ on BeOS
9086 =item BUILD AND INSTALL
9100 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
9106 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
9116 =item gzip on BS2000
9118 =item bison on BS2000
9120 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
9122 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
9124 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
9126 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
9128 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
9130 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
9132 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
9134 =item Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions
9152 =head2 perlce - Perl for WinCE
9156 =item Building Perl for WinCE
9162 =item General explanations on cross-compiling WinCE
9166 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
9167 celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources, go to ./wince
9168 subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run compile.bat
9173 =item Using Perl on WinCE
9195 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
9199 Rainer Keuchel <coyxc@rainer-keuchel.de>, Vadim Konovalov
9203 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
9209 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
9213 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
9215 =item Cygwin Configuration
9217 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
9221 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
9225 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
9227 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
9229 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
9230 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
9232 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
9234 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
9235 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
9238 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
9240 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
9244 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
9248 =item Errors on Cygwin
9254 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
9258 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
9260 =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
9262 =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
9266 =item Specific features of the Cygwin port
9270 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
9272 Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, cygwin vs. windows process ids,
9273 C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
9275 =item Prebuilt methods:
9277 C<Cwd::cwd>, C<Cygwin::pid_to_winpid>, C<Cygwin::winpid_to_pid>
9281 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
9283 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
9285 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
9286 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
9288 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
9296 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
9308 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
9312 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
9314 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
9316 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
9318 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
9328 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
9338 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
9342 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
9344 =item Building Perl on DOS
9346 =item Testing Perl on DOS
9348 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
9352 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
9356 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
9358 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
9360 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
9362 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
9372 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
9380 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
9382 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
9386 =item Editors on Epoc
9388 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
9390 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
9392 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
9396 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
9404 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
9412 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
9414 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
9416 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
9424 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
9433 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
9435 =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
9437 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
9441 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
9449 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
9451 =item Itanium & Itanium 2
9453 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
9455 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
9457 =item The GNU C Compiler
9459 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
9461 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
9463 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
9465 =item Oracle on HP-UX
9467 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
9469 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
9471 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
9473 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
9477 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
9485 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
9493 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
9501 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
9509 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
9511 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
9513 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
9515 =item Linker Problems in Irix
9517 =item Malloc in Irix
9519 =item Building with threads in Irix
9529 =head2 perllinux, README.linux - Perl version 5 on Linux systems
9537 =item Experimental Support for Sun Studio Compilers for Linux OS
9545 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
9554 =item Perl version 5.8.x and greater not supported
9556 =item Compiling Perl 5.6.x on MachTen
9558 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
9560 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
9562 =item Building external modules on MachTen
9572 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
9586 =head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
9596 =item Installation Prefix
9600 =item Universal Binary support
9602 =item libperl and Prebinding
9604 =item Updating Apple's Perl
9606 =item Known problems
9616 =item Starting From Scratch
9624 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
9630 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
9636 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
9644 =item Binary distribution from HP
9646 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
9648 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
9650 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
9652 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
9654 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
9656 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
9657 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
9659 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
9663 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
9665 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
9667 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
9669 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
9671 =item Perl/iX Change History
9677 =head2 perlnetware - Perl for NetWare
9691 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
9703 =item BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS
9705 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
9713 =head2 perlopenbsd, README.openbsd - Perl version 5 on OpenBSD systems
9721 =item OpenBSD core dumps from getprotobyname_r and getservbyname_r with
9730 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
9750 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
9752 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
9754 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
9758 =item Frequently asked questions
9762 =item "It does not work"
9764 =item I cannot run external programs
9766 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
9769 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
9772 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
9774 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
9782 =item Automatic binary installation
9784 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
9786 =item Manual binary installation
9788 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
9789 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
9790 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
9791 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
9792 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
9798 =item Accessing documentation
9802 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
9810 =item GNU C<info> files
9822 =item The short story
9826 =item Getting perl source
9828 =item Application of the patches
9836 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
9839 =item Installing the built perl
9841 =item C<a.out>-style build
9845 =item Building a binary distribution
9847 =item Building custom F<.EXE> files
9851 =item Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded
9854 =item Making executables with a custom search-paths
9862 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
9864 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
9866 =item Problems with tr or sed
9868 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
9870 =item Library ... not found
9872 =item Segfault in make
9874 =item op/sprintf test failure
9878 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
9882 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
9886 =item C<extproc> on the first line
9888 =item Additional modules:
9890 =item Prebuilt methods:
9892 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
9893 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
9894 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
9895 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
9896 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
9897 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
9898 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
9899 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
9900 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
9901 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
9902 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
9903 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
9905 =item Prebuilt variables:
9907 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
9914 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
9917 =item Identifying DLLs
9919 =item Centralized management of resources
9921 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
9922 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
9923 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
9924 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
9938 =item F<perl___.exe>
9940 =item Why strange names?
9942 =item Why dynamic linking?
9944 =item Why chimera build?
9952 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
9954 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
9956 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
9958 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
9960 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
9962 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
9970 =item Text-mode filehandles
9974 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
9976 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
9978 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
9981 =item DLL forwarder generation
9985 =item Calls to external programs
9987 =item Memory allocation
9991 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
10007 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
10020 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
10022 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
10024 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
10026 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
10028 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
10030 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
10032 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
10034 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
10036 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
10038 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
10048 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
10056 =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
10064 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
10066 =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
10068 =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
10070 =item Known Problems
10080 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
10088 =item Invoking Perl
10090 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
10092 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
10094 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
10096 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
10100 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
10104 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
10110 =item Revision date
10116 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
10124 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
10126 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
10128 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
10130 =item QNX auxiliary files
10134 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
10142 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
10150 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
10156 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
10162 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
10164 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
10166 =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
10170 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
10174 =item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
10176 =item Threads in perl on Solaris.
10178 =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
10182 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
10184 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
10185 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
10186 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
10192 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
10194 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
10198 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
10200 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
10204 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
10208 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
10210 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
10214 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
10216 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
10218 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
10228 =head2 perlsymbian, README.symbian - Perl version 5 on Symbian OS
10236 =item Compiling Perl on Symbian
10238 =item Compilation problems
10244 =item Using Perl in Symbian
10264 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
10265 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
10273 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
10275 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
10277 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
10279 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
10281 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
10283 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
10285 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
10289 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
10291 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
10293 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
10299 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
10307 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
10309 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
10315 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
10325 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
10327 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
10329 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
10331 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
10333 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
10343 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
10349 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
10357 =item Organization of Perl Images
10363 =item Perl Extensions
10365 =item Installing static extensions
10367 =item Installing dynamic extensions
10371 =item File specifications
10377 =item Wildcard expansion
10383 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
10389 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
10391 =item Command line switches
10397 =item Perl functions
10399 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, die,
10400 dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//,
10401 select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST,
10402 utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
10404 =item Perl variables
10406 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
10408 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
10416 =item Revision date
10422 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
10428 =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
10430 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
10432 =item USING PERL IN VOS
10436 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
10438 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
10444 =item SUPPORT STATUS
10452 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
10462 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
10464 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Visual
10465 C++ Toolkit 2003, Microsoft Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW release 3
10466 with gcc, MinGW release 1 with gcc
10470 =item Testing Perl on Win32
10472 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
10474 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
10476 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
10477 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
10478 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
10480 =item Running Perl Scripts
10482 =item Miscellaneous Things
10486 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
10488 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
10492 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
10493 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
10494 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>, Jan Dubois E<lt>jand@activestate.comE<gt>,
10495 Steve Hay E<lt>steve.hay@uk.radan.comE<gt>
10503 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
10505 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
10517 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
10527 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
10528 data structures between threads
10540 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
10541 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
10542 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
10554 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
10563 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
10564 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
10565 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
10569 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
10575 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, Creating threads
10576 inside BEGIN blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
10578 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
10584 =head2 assertions - select assertions in blocks of code
10594 =item Selecting assertions
10596 =item Handling assertions your own way
10598 enabled($on), enabled(), seen($on), seen()
10602 =item COMPATIBILITY
10608 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
10612 =head2 assertions::activate - activate assertions
10624 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
10628 =head2 assertions::compat - assertions for pre-5.9 versions of perl
10638 =item The C<assertion> attribute handler
10640 =item Assertion execution status as a constant
10648 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
10652 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
10662 =item Built-in Attributes
10664 locked, method, lvalue
10666 =item Available Subroutines
10670 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
10672 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
10674 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
10682 =item Default exports
10684 =item Available exports
10686 =item Export tags defined
10696 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
10712 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
10722 Base class package "%s" is empty
10732 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
10744 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
10748 =item Internal Format
10770 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
10782 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
10788 inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
10792 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
10810 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
10832 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
10838 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
10839 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
10840 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
10841 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
10842 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
10852 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
10866 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
10881 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
10890 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
10892 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
10896 =item Anonymous hashes
10900 =item Alias shortcut
10904 =item charnames::viacode(code)
10906 =item charnames::vianame(name)
10910 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
10916 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
10928 =item List constants
10930 =item Defining multiple constants at once
10932 =item Magic constants
10936 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
10946 =head2 diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics
10956 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
10958 =item The I<splain> Program
10972 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
10982 =item Literal Conversions
10984 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
10986 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
10990 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
10992 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
10996 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
10997 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
10999 =item The Filter Option
11003 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
11013 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
11015 =item tr/// with ranges
11017 Legend of characters above
11021 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
11023 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
11025 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
11029 =item The Logic of :locale
11039 =head2 encoding::warnings - Warn on implicit encoding conversions
11051 =item Overview of the problem
11053 =item Detecting the problem
11055 =item Solving the problem
11057 Upgrade both sides to unicode-strings, Downgrade both sides to
11058 byte-strings, Specify the encoding for implicit byte-string upgrading,
11059 PerlIO layers for B<STDIN> and B<STDOUT>, Literal conversions, Implicit
11060 upgrading for byte-strings
11078 =head2 feature - Perl pragma to enable new syntactic features
11088 =item The 'switch' feature
11090 =item The '~~' feature
11092 =item The 'say' feature
11094 =item the 'err' feature
11098 =item FEATURE BUNDLES
11102 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
11116 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
11126 =item subpragma access
11132 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
11146 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
11157 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
11167 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
11177 =item Adding directories to @INC
11179 =item Deleting directories from @INC
11181 =item Restoring original @INC
11195 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
11206 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
11214 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
11216 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
11222 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
11234 =head2 overload - Package for overloading Perl operations
11244 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
11246 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
11248 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
11250 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
11252 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
11254 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
11256 =item Overloadable Operations
11258 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
11259 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
11260 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
11262 =item Inheritance and overloading
11264 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
11265 is inherited by derived classes
11269 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
11279 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
11281 =item Copy Constructor
11287 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
11289 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
11290 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
11291 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
11294 =item Losing overloading
11296 =item Run-time Overloading
11298 =item Public functions
11300 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
11302 =item Overloading constants
11304 integer, float, binary, q, qr
11306 =item IMPLEMENTATION
11308 =item Metaphor clash
11314 =item Two-face scalars
11316 =item Two-face references
11318 =item Symbolic calculator
11320 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
11328 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
11329 type, `%s' is not a code reference
11335 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
11347 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
11349 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
11353 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
11357 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
11365 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
11377 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
11385 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
11391 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
11401 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
11402 structures between threads
11414 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
11415 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
11416 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
11428 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
11439 =item Utility functions
11441 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
11442 FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag =
11443 utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
11453 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
11463 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
11473 =item BEST PRACTICES
11475 Be consistent, Be careful
11477 =item What IS a version
11479 Numeric Versions, Extended Versions
11481 =item Numeric Versions
11483 =item Extended Versions
11485 =item Numeric Alpha Versions
11487 =item Object Methods
11489 New Operator, qv(), Normal Form, Numification, Stringification, Comparison
11490 operators, Logical Operators
11494 =item What about v-strings?
11496 =item Types of Versions Objects
11498 Ordinary versions, Alpha Versions
11500 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
11514 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
11522 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
11526 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
11534 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
11535 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
11536 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
11537 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
11538 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
11542 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
11552 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
11554 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
11564 =item DBM Comparisons
11574 =head2 Archive::Tar - module for manipulations of tar archives
11582 =item Object Methods
11586 =item Archive::Tar->new( [$file, $compressed] )
11594 =item $tar->read ( $filename|$handle, $compressed, {opt => 'val'} )
11602 =item $tar->contains_file( $filename )
11608 =item $tar->extract( [@filenames] )
11614 =item $tar->extract_file( $file, [$extract_path] )
11620 =item $tar->list_files( [\@properties] )
11626 =item $tar->get_files( [@filenames] )
11632 =item $tar->get_content( $file )
11638 =item $tar->replace_content( $file, $content )
11644 =item $tar->rename( $file, $new_name )
11650 =item $tar->remove (@filenamelist)
11662 =item $tar->write ( [$file, $compressed, $prefix] )
11668 =item $tar->add_files( @filenamelist )
11674 =item $tar->add_data ( $filename, $data, [$opthashref] )
11680 =item $tar->error( [$BOOL] )
11686 =item $bool = $tar->has_io_string
11692 =item $bool = $tar->has_perlio
11698 =item Class Methods
11702 =item Archive::Tar->create_archive($file, $compression, @filelist)
11710 =item Archive::Tar->list_archive ($file, $compressed, [\@properties])
11716 =item Archive::Tar->extract_archive ($file, $gzip)
11722 =item Archive::Tar->can_handle_compressed_files
11728 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
11732 =item $Archive::Tar::FOLLOW_SYMLINK
11734 =item $Archive::Tar::CHOWN
11736 =item $Archive::Tar::CHMOD
11738 =item $Archive::Tar::DO_NOT_USE_PREFIX
11740 =item $Archive::Tar::DEBUG
11742 =item $Archive::Tar::WARN
11744 =item $Archive::Tar::error
11746 =item $Archive::Tar::HAS_PERLIO
11748 =item $Archive::Tar::HAS_IO_STRING
11754 What's the minimum perl version required to run Archive::Tar?, Isn't
11755 Archive::Tar slow?, Isn't Archive::Tar heavier on memory than /bin/tar?,
11756 Can't you lazy-load data instead?, How much memory will an X kb tar file
11757 need?, What do you do with unsupported filetypes in an archive?, How do I
11758 access .tar.Z files?
11762 Check if passed in handles are open for read/write
11766 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
11772 =head2 Archive::Tar::File - a subclass for in-memory extracted file from
11785 name, mode, uid, gid, size, mtime, chksum, type, linkname, magic, version,
11786 uname, gname, devmajor, devminor, prefix, raw
11794 =item new( file => $path )
11796 =item new( data => $path, $data, $opt )
11798 =item new( chunk => $chunk )
11830 =item get_content_by_ref
11836 =item replace_content( $content )
11842 =item rename( $new_name )
11848 =item Convenience methods
11850 is_file, is_dir, is_hardlink, is_symlink, is_chardev, is_blockdev, is_fifo,
11851 is_socket, is_longlink, is_label, is_unknown
11855 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
11865 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
11869 =item Typed lexicals
11871 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
11873 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
11875 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
11877 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
11885 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
11886 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
11887 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
11888 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
11889 be able to apply END handler>
11899 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
11909 =item Subroutine Stubs
11911 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
11913 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
11915 =item Package Lexicals
11917 =item Not Using AutoLoader
11919 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
11929 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
11937 $keep, $check, $modtime
11941 =item Multiple packages
11949 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
11959 =item Utility Functions
11963 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
11966 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
11967 check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
11969 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
11971 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
11973 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
11975 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
11977 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
11979 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
11980 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
11984 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
11988 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
11990 =item B::SV Methods
11992 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
11994 =item B::IV Methods
11996 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
11998 =item B::NV Methods
12002 =item B::RV Methods
12006 =item B::PV Methods
12010 =item B::PVMG Methods
12014 =item B::MAGIC Methods
12016 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
12018 =item B::PVLV Methods
12020 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
12022 =item B::BM Methods
12024 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
12026 =item B::GV Methods
12028 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
12029 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
12031 =item B::IO Methods
12033 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
12034 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
12036 =item B::AV Methods
12038 FILL, MAX, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, OFF, AvFLAGS
12040 =item B::CV Methods
12042 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
12043 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
12045 =item B::HV Methods
12047 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, ARRAY, PMROOT
12049 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
12051 =item B::OP Methods
12053 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, opt, static, flags, private,
12056 =item B::UNOP METHOD
12060 =item B::BINOP METHOD
12064 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
12068 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
12072 =item B::PMOP Methods
12074 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
12075 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
12077 =item B::SVOP METHOD
12081 =item B::PADOP METHOD
12085 =item B::PVOP METHOD
12089 =item B::LOOP Methods
12091 redoop, nextop, lastop
12093 =item B::COP Methods
12095 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io
12103 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
12112 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
12118 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
12130 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
12150 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
12162 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
12172 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
12182 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
12183 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
12184 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
12195 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
12205 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
12206 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
12207 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
12219 =item Context of ".."
12223 =item Deprecated features
12231 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
12245 =item Options for Opcode Ordering
12247 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>
12249 =item Options for Line-Style
12251 B<-concise>, B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
12253 =item Options for tree-specific formatting
12255 B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>
12257 =item Options controlling sequence numbering
12259 B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>
12261 =item Other options
12263 B<-main>, B<-nomain>, B<-nobanner>, B<-banner>, B<-banneris> => subref
12265 =item Option Stickiness
12269 =item ABBREVIATIONS
12273 =item OP class abbreviations
12275 =item OP flags abbreviations
12279 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
12283 =item Special Patterns
12285 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
12286 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
12291 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<#>I<Var>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
12292 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
12293 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
12294 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
12295 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#opt>, B<#static>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>,
12296 B<#svclass>, B<#svval>, B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
12300 =item One-Liner Command tips
12302 perl -MO=Concise,bar foo.pl, perl -MDigest::MD5=md5 -MO=Concise,md5 -e1,
12303 perl -MPOSIX -MO=Concise,_POSIX_ARG_MAX -e1, perl -MPOSIX -MO=Concise,a -e
12304 'print _POSIX_SAVED_IDS', perl -MPOSIX -MO=Concise,a -e 'sub
12305 a{_POSIX_SAVED_IDS}'
12307 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
12311 =item Example: Altering Concise Renderings
12315 =item set_style_standard($name)
12319 =item add_callback()
12321 =item Running B::Concise::compile()
12323 =item B::Concise::reset_sequence()
12333 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
12345 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
12355 B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
12356 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
12358 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
12368 =item ambient_pragmas
12370 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
12382 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
12394 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
12402 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
12404 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<bare-subs>,
12405 B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
12406 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
12408 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
12412 =item EXTENDING LINT
12420 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
12430 =item IMPLEMENTATION
12438 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
12462 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
12474 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
12476 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
12488 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
12498 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
12506 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
12526 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
12540 =item Standard Exports
12542 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
12543 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
12544 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
12546 =item Optional Exports
12548 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
12549 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
12550 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
12552 =item :hireswallclock
12568 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
12572 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
12586 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
12598 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
12608 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
12620 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
12622 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
12624 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
12626 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
12628 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
12630 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
12632 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
12634 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
12636 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
12638 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
12640 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
12642 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
12644 =item HANDLING NON-URLENCODED ARGUMENTS
12646 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
12648 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
12650 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
12652 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
12654 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
12656 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
12657 B<:standard>, B<:all>
12661 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -tabindex, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
12662 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
12665 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
12667 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
12668 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
12673 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
12677 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
12679 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
12681 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
12683 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
12685 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
12687 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
12689 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
12691 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
12692 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>, B<-rewrite>
12694 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
12698 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
12702 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
12704 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
12706 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
12708 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
12710 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
12712 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
12713 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
12715 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
12719 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
12723 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
12725 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
12727 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
12729 =item FORM ELEMENTS
12731 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-values>, B<-tabindex>, B<-id>, B<-override>,
12732 B<-onChange>, B<-onFocus>, B<-onBlur>, B<-onMouseOver>, B<-onMouseOut>,
12735 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
12739 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
12741 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
12743 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
12747 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
12749 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
12751 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
12755 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
12759 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
12763 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
12767 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
12771 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
12773 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
12775 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
12779 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
12781 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
12782 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
12784 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
12790 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
12791 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
12793 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
12795 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
12796 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
12799 =item SUPPORT FOR JAVASCRIPT
12801 B<onLoad>, B<onUnload>, B<onSubmit>, B<onClick>, B<onChange>, B<onFocus>,
12802 B<onBlur>, B<onSelect>, B<onMouseOver>, B<onMouseOut>
12804 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
12810 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
12814 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
12816 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
12817 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
12818 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
12819 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
12820 B<virtual_port ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name
12821 ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
12823 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
12825 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
12830 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
12832 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
12834 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
12835 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
12837 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
12839 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
12843 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
12844 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
12845 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
12846 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
12847 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
12848 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
12849 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
12850 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
12851 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
12852 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
12853 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
12854 ...and many many more..
12856 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
12864 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
12874 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
12882 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
12891 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
12893 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
12897 =item Changing the default message
12901 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
12903 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
12911 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
12919 =item USING CGI::Cookie
12921 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
12925 =item Creating New Cookies
12927 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
12929 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
12931 =item Manipulating Cookies
12933 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
12937 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
12945 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
12953 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
12955 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
12957 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
12959 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
12961 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
12963 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
12967 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
12975 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
12985 =item Tags that won't be formatted
12987 =item Customizing the Indenting
12999 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
13007 =item USING CGI::Push
13009 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
13013 =item Heterogeneous Pages
13015 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
13019 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
13021 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13029 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
13039 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13047 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
13055 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13061 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
13073 =item Interactive Mode
13075 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
13076 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, perldoc, look module
13077 or distribution, ls author, ls globbing_expresion, failed, Lockfile,
13086 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
13088 =item Programmer's interface
13090 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
13092 =item Methods in the other Classes
13094 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
13095 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
13096 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
13097 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
13098 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
13099 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
13100 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
13101 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
13102 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
13103 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
13104 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
13105 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
13106 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
13107 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
13108 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
13109 CPAN::Distribution::perldoc(), CPAN::Distribution::test(),
13110 CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::force_reload(),
13111 CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(),
13112 CPAN::Module::as_string(), CPAN::Module::clean(),
13113 CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), CPAN::Module::cpan_version(),
13114 CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), CPAN::Module::description(),
13115 CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), CPAN::Module::get(),
13116 CPAN::Module::inst_file(), CPAN::Module::inst_version(),
13117 CPAN::Module::install(), CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
13118 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
13119 CPAN::Module::perldoc(), CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(),
13120 CPAN::Module::userid()
13122 =item Cache Manager
13126 =item Prerequisites
13128 =item Finding packages and VERSION
13132 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
13136 =item CONFIGURATION
13138 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
13139 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
13140 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
13141 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
13145 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
13147 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
13155 =item Cryptographically signed modules
13163 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
13165 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
13169 =item Three basic types of firewalls
13171 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
13173 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
13179 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10), 11)
13191 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
13201 =head2 CPAN::Version - utility functions to compare CPAN versions
13211 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
13224 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
13234 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
13238 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
13242 =item $Carp::CarpLevel
13244 =item $Carp::MaxEvalLen
13246 =item $Carp::MaxArgLen
13248 =item $Carp::MaxArgNums
13250 =item $Carp::Verbose
13258 =head2 Carp::Heavy - heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
13260 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
13270 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
13271 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
13272 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
13274 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
13282 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
13292 =item The C<struct()> function
13294 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
13296 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
13298 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
13299 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
13301 =item Initializing with C<new>
13307 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
13309 =item Author and Modification History
13313 =head2 Compress::Zlib - Interface to zlib compression library
13321 =item GZIP INTERFACE
13323 B<$gz = gzopen($filename, $mode)>, B<$gz = gzopen($filehandle, $mode)>,
13324 B<$bytesread = $gz-E<gt>gzread($buffer [, $size]) ;>, B<$bytesread =
13325 $gz-E<gt>gzreadline($line) ;>, B<$byteswritten = $gz-E<gt>gzwrite($buffer)
13326 ;>, B<$status = $gz-E<gt>gzflush($flush_type) ;>, B<$offset =
13327 $gz-E<gt>gztell() ;>, B<$status = $gz-E<gt>gzseek($offset, $whence) ;>,
13328 B<$gz-E<gt>gzclose>, B<$gz-E<gt>gzsetparams($level, $strategy>, B<$level>,
13329 B<$strategy>, B<$gz-E<gt>gzerror>, B<$gzerrno>
13335 =item Compress::Zlib::memGzip
13337 =item Compress::Zlib::memGunzip
13341 =item COMPRESS/UNCOMPRESS
13343 B<$dest = compress($source [, $level] ) ;>, B<$dest = uncompress($source)
13346 =item CHECKSUM FUNCTIONS
13348 =item Compress::Zlib::Deflate
13352 =item B<($d, $status) = new Compress::Zlib::Deflate( [OPT] ) >
13354 B<-Level>, B<-Method>, B<-WindowBits>, B<-MemLevel>, B<-Strategy>,
13355 B<-Dictionary>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-AppendOutput>, B<-CRC32>, B<-ADLER32>
13357 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflate($input, $output)>
13359 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>flush($output [, $flush_type]) >
13361 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateParams([OPT])>
13363 B<-Level>, B<-Strategy>, B<-BufSize>
13365 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateTune($good_length, $max_lazy,
13366 $nice_length, $max_chain)>
13368 =item B<$d-E<gt>dict_adler()>
13370 =item B<$d-E<gt>crc32()>
13372 =item B<$d-E<gt>adler32()>
13374 =item B<$d-E<gt>msg()>
13376 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_in()>
13378 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_out()>
13380 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_Strategy()>
13382 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_Level()>
13384 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_BufSize()>
13390 =item Compress::Zlib::Inflate
13394 =item B< ($i, $status) = new Compress::Zlib::Inflate( [OPT] ) >
13396 B<-WindowBits>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-Dictionary>, B<-AppendOutput>, B<-CRC32>,
13397 B<-ADLER32>, B<-ConsumeInput>
13399 =item B< $status = $i-E<gt>inflate($input, $output [,$eof]) >
13401 =item B<$status = $i-E<gt>inflateSync($input)>
13403 =item B<$i-E<gt>dict_adler()>
13405 =item B<$i-E<gt>crc32()>
13407 =item B<$i-E<gt>adler32()>
13409 =item B<$i-E<gt>msg()>
13411 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_in()>
13413 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_out()>
13415 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_BufSize()>
13421 =item Compress::Zlib 1.x Deflate Interface
13425 =item B<($d, $status) = deflateInit( [OPT] )>
13427 B<-Level>, B<-Method>, B<-WindowBits>, B<-MemLevel>, B<-Strategy>,
13428 B<-Dictionary>, B<-Bufsize>
13430 =item B<($out, $status) = $d-E<gt>deflate($buffer)>
13432 =item B<($out, $status) = $d-E<gt>flush([flush_type])>
13434 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateParams([OPT])>
13436 B<-Level>, B<-Strategy>
13438 =item B<$d-E<gt>dict_adler()>
13440 =item B<$d-E<gt>msg()>
13442 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_in()>
13444 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_out()>
13450 =item Compress::Zlib 1.x Inflate Interface
13454 =item B<($i, $status) = inflateInit()>
13456 B<-WindowBits>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-Dictionary>
13458 =item B<($out, $status) = $i-E<gt>inflate($buffer)>
13460 =item B<$status = $i-E<gt>inflateSync($buffer)>
13462 =item B<$i-E<gt>dict_adler()>
13464 =item B<$i-E<gt>msg()>
13466 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_in()>
13468 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_out()>
13474 =item ACCESSING ZIP FILES
13482 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
13484 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13488 =head2 Compress::Zlib::File::GlobMapper, File::GlobMapper - Extend File
13489 Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
13497 This code is a work in progress, There are known bugs, The interface
13498 defined here is tentative, There are portability issues, Do not use in
13499 production code, Consider yourself warned!
13503 =item Behind The Scenes
13507 =item Input File Glob
13509 B<~>, B<~user>, B<.>, B<*>, B<?>, B<\>, B<[]>, B<{,}>, B<()>
13511 =item Output File Glob
13515 =item Returned Data
13523 =item A Rename script
13525 =item A few example globmaps
13533 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13537 =head2 Compress::Zlib::IO::Compress::Deflate, IO::Compress::Deflate -
13538 Perl interface to write RFC 1950 files/buffers
13546 DO NOT use in production code, The documentation is incomplete in places,
13547 Parts of the interface defined here are tentative, Please report any
13550 =item Functional Interface
13554 =item deflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
13556 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
13557 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
13558 Reference, An Output FileGlob
13562 =item Optional Parameters
13564 AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, BinModeIn =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1
13576 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
13578 =item Constructor Options
13580 -AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1, A Buffer, A Filename, A
13581 Filehandle, -Merge =E<gt> 0|1, -Level, -Strategy, -Strict =E<gt> 0|1
13613 =item newStream([OPTS])
13617 =item deflateParams
13623 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
13631 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
13633 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13637 =head2 Compress::Zlib::IO::Compress::Gzip, IO::Compress::Gzip - Perl
13638 interface to write RFC 1952 files/buffers
13646 DO NOT use in production code, The documentation is incomplete in places,
13647 Parts of the interface defined here are tentative, Please report any
13650 =item Functional Interface
13654 =item gzip $input => $output [, OPTS]
13656 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
13657 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
13658 Reference, An Output FileGlob
13662 =item Optional Parameters
13664 AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, BinModeIn =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1
13676 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
13678 =item Constructor Options
13680 -AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1, A Buffer, A Filename, A
13681 Filehandle, -Merge =E<gt> 0|1, -Level, -Strategy, -Minimal =E<gt> 0|1,
13682 -Comment =E<gt> $comment, -Name =E<gt> $string, -Time =E<gt> $number,
13683 -TextFlag =E<gt> 0|1, -HeaderCRC =E<gt> 0|1, -OS_Code =E<gt> $value,
13684 -ExtraField =E<gt> $data, -ExtraFlags =E<gt> $value, -Strict =E<gt> 0|1
13716 =item newStream([OPTS])
13720 =item deflateParams
13726 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
13734 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
13736 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13740 =head2 Compress::Zlib::IO::Compress::RawDeflate, IO::Compress::RawDeflate
13741 - Perl interface to write RFC 1951 files/buffers
13749 DO NOT use in production code, The documentation is incomplete in places,
13750 Parts of the interface defined here are tentative, Please report any
13753 =item Functional Interface
13757 =item rawdeflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
13759 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
13760 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
13761 Reference, An Output FileGlob
13765 =item Optional Parameters
13767 AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, BinModeIn =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1
13779 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
13781 =item Constructor Options
13783 -AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1, A Buffer, A Filename, A
13784 Filehandle, -Merge =E<gt> 0|1, -Level, -Strategy, -Strict =E<gt> 0|1
13816 =item newStream([OPTS])
13820 =item deflateParams
13826 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
13834 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
13836 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13840 =head2 Compress::Zlib::IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate,
13841 IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate - Perl interface to read RFC 1950, 1951 & 1952
13850 DO NOT use in production code, The documentation is incomplete in places,
13851 Parts of the interface defined here are tentative, Please report any
13854 =item Functional Interface
13858 =item anyinflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
13860 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
13861 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
13862 Reference, An Output FileGlob
13866 =item Optional Parameters
13868 AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, BinModeOut =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1,
13869 -MultiStream =E<gt> 0|1
13881 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
13883 =item Constructor Options
13885 -AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, -MultiStream =E<gt> 0|1, -Prime =E<gt> $string,
13886 -Transparent =E<gt> 0|1, -BlockSize =E<gt> $num, -InputLength =E<gt> $size,
13887 -Append =E<gt> 0|1, -Strict =E<gt> 0|1, -ParseExtra =E<gt> 0|1
13909 =item getHeaderInfo
13935 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
13937 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13941 =head2 Compress::Zlib::IO::Uncompress::Gunzip, IO::Uncompress::Gunzip -
13942 Perl interface to read RFC 1952 files/buffers
13950 DO NOT use in production code, The documentation is incomplete in places,
13951 Parts of the interface defined here are tentative, Please report any
13954 =item Functional Interface
13958 =item gunzip $input => $output [, OPTS]
13960 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
13961 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
13962 Reference, An Output FileGlob
13966 =item Optional Parameters
13968 AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, BinModeOut =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1,
13969 -MultiStream =E<gt> 0|1
13981 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
13983 =item Constructor Options
13985 -AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, -MultiStream =E<gt> 0|1, -Prime =E<gt> $string,
13986 -Transparent =E<gt> 0|1, -BlockSize =E<gt> $num, -InputLength =E<gt> $size,
13987 -Append =E<gt> 0|1, -Strict =E<gt> 0|1, -ParseExtra =E<gt> 0|1
14009 =item getHeaderInfo
14037 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
14039 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14043 =head2 Compress::Zlib::IO::Uncompress::Inflate, IO::Uncompress::Inflate -
14044 Perl interface to read RFC 1950 files/buffers
14052 DO NOT use in production code, The documentation is incomplete in places,
14053 Parts of the interface defined here are tentative, Please report any
14056 =item Functional Interface
14060 =item inflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
14062 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
14063 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
14064 Reference, An Output FileGlob
14068 =item Optional Parameters
14070 AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, BinModeOut =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1,
14071 -MultiStream =E<gt> 0|1
14083 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
14085 =item Constructor Options
14087 -AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, -MultiStream =E<gt> 0|1, -Prime =E<gt> $string,
14088 -Transparent =E<gt> 0|1, -BlockSize =E<gt> $num, -InputLength =E<gt> $size,
14089 -Append =E<gt> 0|1, -Strict =E<gt> 0|1
14111 =item getHeaderInfo
14137 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
14139 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14143 =head2 Compress::Zlib::IO::Uncompress::RawInflate,
14144 IO::Uncompress::RawInflate - Perl interface to read RFC 1951 files/buffers
14152 DO NOT use in production code, The documentation is incomplete in places,
14153 Parts of the interface defined here are tentative, Please report any
14156 =item Functional Interface
14160 =item rawinflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
14162 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
14163 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
14164 Reference, An Output FileGlob
14168 =item Optional Parameters
14170 AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, BinModeOut =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1,
14171 -MultiStream =E<gt> 0|1
14183 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
14185 =item Constructor Options
14187 -AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, -MultiStream =E<gt> 0|1, -Prime =E<gt> $string,
14188 -Transparent =E<gt> 0|1, -BlockSize =E<gt> $num, -InputLength =E<gt> $size,
14189 -Append =E<gt> 0|1, -Strict =E<gt> 0|1
14211 =item getHeaderInfo
14237 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
14239 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14243 =head2 Compress::Zlib::pod::FAQ, Compress::Zlib::FAQ -- Frequently Asked
14244 Questions about Compress::Zlib
14252 =item Compatibility with Unix compress/uncompress.
14254 =item Accessing .tar.Z files
14256 =item Accessing Zip Files
14258 =item Zlib Library Version Support
14266 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
14268 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14272 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
14280 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
14292 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
14296 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
14297 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
14298 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
14299 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
14303 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
14307 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
14308 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
14309 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
14310 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
14311 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
14312 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
14313 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
14317 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
14318 C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>,
14319 C<d_attribute_format>, C<d_attribute_malloc>, C<d_attribute_nonnull>,
14320 C<d_attribute_noreturn>, C<d_attribute_pure>, C<d_attribute_unused>,
14321 C<d_attribute_warn_unused_result>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>,
14322 C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>,
14323 C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>,
14324 C<d_clearenv>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_copysignl>,
14325 C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
14326 C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
14327 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
14328 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
14329 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
14330 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
14331 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
14332 C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
14333 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
14334 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
14335 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
14336 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
14337 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
14338 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_futimes>, C<d_Gconvert>,
14339 C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>,
14340 C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>,
14341 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
14342 C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>,
14343 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>,
14344 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
14345 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
14346 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
14347 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
14348 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
14349 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
14350 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
14351 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
14352 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
14353 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
14354 C<d_htonl>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
14355 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
14356 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>,
14357 C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>,
14358 C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_malloc_size>, C<d_malloc_good_size>,
14359 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
14360 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
14361 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
14362 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_modflproto>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
14363 C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
14364 C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>,
14365 C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>,
14366 C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_zero_is_allbits_zero>,
14367 C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>,
14368 C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
14369 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
14370 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
14371 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
14372 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
14373 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>, C<d_pthread_yield>,
14374 C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>,
14375 C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>,
14376 C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>,
14377 C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>,
14378 C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>,
14379 C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>,
14380 C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
14381 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
14382 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>,
14383 C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>,
14384 C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>,
14385 C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>,
14386 C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>,
14387 C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>,
14388 C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>,
14389 C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>,
14390 C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>,
14391 C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>,
14392 C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sprintf_returns_strlen>, C<d_sqrtl>,
14393 C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
14394 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
14395 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
14396 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
14397 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
14398 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strlcat>, C<d_strlcpy>,
14399 C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>,
14400 C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>,
14401 C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
14402 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
14403 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
14404 C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>, C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>,
14405 C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
14406 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_unsetenv>, C<d_usleep>,
14407 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
14408 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
14409 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
14410 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
14411 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
14412 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
14413 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
14417 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
14418 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
14419 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
14420 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
14424 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
14425 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
14430 C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
14431 C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
14432 C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
14433 C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
14434 C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
14435 C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
14436 C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
14437 C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
14438 C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
14439 C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
14443 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
14444 C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
14448 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
14449 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
14450 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
14451 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
14452 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
14453 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
14454 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
14455 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
14456 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
14457 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
14458 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
14459 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
14460 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
14461 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
14462 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
14463 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
14464 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
14465 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
14466 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>,
14467 C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>,
14468 C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
14469 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitehtml1dir>,
14470 C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>, C<installsiteman1dir>,
14471 C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>, C<installstyle>,
14472 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
14473 C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>, C<installvendorlib>,
14474 C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>, C<installvendorscript>,
14475 C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
14479 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
14483 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
14484 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
14485 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
14486 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
14487 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
14488 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
14493 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
14494 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
14495 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
14499 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>,
14500 C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>,
14505 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
14506 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
14507 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
14508 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
14509 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
14513 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
14514 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
14518 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
14519 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
14523 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
14524 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
14525 C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>,
14526 C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
14530 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
14534 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
14535 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
14536 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
14540 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
14541 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
14542 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
14543 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
14544 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
14545 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
14546 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
14547 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>,
14548 C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>,
14549 C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>,
14550 C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>,
14551 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
14552 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
14553 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
14554 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
14555 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>,
14556 C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
14557 C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
14558 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>,
14559 C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
14563 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
14564 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
14569 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
14570 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
14571 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
14572 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
14573 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemallocwrap>,
14574 C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>,
14575 C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<userelocatableinc>,
14576 C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>,
14577 C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>,
14578 C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
14582 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
14583 C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>,
14584 C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>,
14585 C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>,
14586 C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>,
14587 C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
14588 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
14596 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
14614 dynamic, nonxs, static
14620 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
14630 =item getcwd and friends
14632 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd, getdcwd
14634 =item abs_path and friends
14636 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
14652 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
14664 =item Global Variables
14666 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
14667 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
14672 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
14673 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
14675 =item Client Callback Methods
14677 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
14678 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
14679 CLIENT->output(LIST)
14689 =head2 DBM_Filter -- Filter DBM keys/values
14697 =item What is a DBM Filter?
14701 =item So what's new?
14709 =item $db->Filter_Push()
14711 =item $db->Filter_Key_Push()
14713 =item $db->Filter_Value_Push()
14715 Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push
14717 =item $db->Filter_Pop()
14719 =item $db->Filtered()
14723 =item Writing a Filter
14727 =item Immediate Filters
14729 =item Canned Filters
14735 =item Filters Included
14737 utf8, encode, compress, int32, null
14743 =item Maintain Round Trip Integrity
14745 =item Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file.
14757 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
14765 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
14769 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
14771 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
14773 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
14775 =item Default Parameters
14777 =item In Memory Databases
14785 =item A Simple Example
14793 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
14795 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
14797 =item The get_dup() Method
14799 =item The find_dup() Method
14801 =item The del_dup() Method
14803 =item Matching Partial Keys
14811 =item The 'bval' Option
14813 =item A Simple Example
14815 =item Extra RECNO Methods
14817 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
14818 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
14819 length, elements);>
14821 =item Another Example
14825 =item THE API INTERFACE
14827 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
14828 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
14829 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
14830 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
14834 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
14835 B<filter_fetch_value>
14841 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
14843 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
14847 =item HINTS AND TIPS
14851 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
14853 =item Safe ways to lock a database
14855 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
14857 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
14859 =item The untie() Gotcha
14863 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
14867 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
14869 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
14871 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
14873 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
14893 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
14894 printing and C<eval>
14906 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
14907 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
14908 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
14915 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
14941 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
14949 =item PROFILE FORMAT
14961 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
14971 =item Why use ppport.h?
14973 =item How to use ppport.h
14975 =item Running ppport.h
14987 =item COMPATIBILITY
14991 =item Provided Perl compatibility API
14993 =item Perl API not supported by ppport.h
14995 perl 5.9.3, perl 5.9.2, perl 5.9.1, perl 5.9.0, perl 5.8.3, perl 5.8.1,
14996 perl 5.8.0, perl 5.7.3, perl 5.7.2, perl 5.7.1, perl 5.6.1, perl 5.6.0,
14997 perl 5.005_03, perl 5.005, perl 5.004_05, perl 5.004
15011 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
15021 =item Runtime debugging
15023 =item Memory footprint debugging
15031 =item A simple scalar string
15033 =item A simple scalar number
15035 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
15037 =item A reference to a simple scalar
15039 =item A reference to an array
15041 =item A reference to a hash
15043 =item Dumping a large array or hash
15045 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
15047 =item A reference to a subroutine
15061 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
15071 =head2 Digest - Modules that calculate message digests
15079 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
15083 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
15084 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
15085 $ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits(
15086 $data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest,
15087 $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
15097 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
15107 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
15111 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
15112 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits),
15113 $md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
15125 =head2 Digest::SHA - Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512
15129 =item SYNOPSIS (SHA)
15131 =item SYNOPSIS (HMAC-SHA)
15137 =item NIST STATEMENT ON SHA-1
15141 =item EXPORTABLE FUNCTIONS
15143 B<sha1($data, ...)>, B<sha224($data, ...)>, B<sha256($data, ...)>,
15144 B<sha384($data, ...)>, B<sha512($data, ...)>, B<sha1_hex($data, ...)>,
15145 B<sha224_hex($data, ...)>, B<sha256_hex($data, ...)>, B<sha384_hex($data,
15146 ...)>, B<sha512_hex($data, ...)>, B<sha1_base64($data, ...)>,
15147 B<sha224_base64($data, ...)>, B<sha256_base64($data, ...)>,
15148 B<sha384_base64($data, ...)>, B<sha512_base64($data, ...)>, B<new($alg)>,
15149 B<reset($alg)>, B<hashsize>, B<algorithm>, B<clone>, B<add($data, ...)>,
15150 B<add_bits($data, $nbits)>, B<add_bits($bits)>, B<addfile(*FILE)>,
15151 B<dump($filename)>, B<load($filename)>, B<digest>, B<hexdigest>,
15152 B<b64digest>, B<hmac_sha1($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha224($data, $key)>,
15153 B<hmac_sha256($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha384($data, $key)>,
15154 B<hmac_sha512($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha1_hex($data, $key)>,
15155 B<hmac_sha224_hex($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha256_hex($data, $key)>,
15156 B<hmac_sha384_hex($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha512_hex($data, $key)>,
15157 B<hmac_sha1_base64($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha224_base64($data, $key)>,
15158 B<hmac_sha256_base64($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha384_base64($data, $key)>,
15159 B<hmac_sha512_base64($data, $key)>
15165 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
15167 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15171 =head2 Digest::base - Digest base class
15183 =head2 Digest::file - Calculate digests of files
15191 digest_file( $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...] ), digest_file_hex( $file,
15192 $algorithm, [$arg,...] ), digest_file_base64( $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...]
15199 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
15211 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
15223 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
15224 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
15225 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
15230 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
15231 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
15237 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
15245 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
15246 @dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(),
15247 dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(),
15248 dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(),
15249 dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
15255 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
15268 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
15270 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
15274 =item Order of initialization: early load()
15278 =item The most hairy case
15284 Can't find '%s' symbol in %s, Can't load '%s' for module %s: %s, Undefined
15285 symbols present after loading %s: %s, XSLoader::load('Your::Module',
15286 $Your::Module::VERSION)
15300 =head2 Encode - character encodings
15308 =item Table of Contents
15320 =item PERL ENCODING API
15322 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
15323 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
15324 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
15329 =item Listing available encodings
15331 =item Defining Aliases
15335 =item Encoding via PerlIO
15337 =item Handling Malformed Data
15339 B<NOTE:> Not all encoding support this feature, I<CHECK> =
15340 Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1), I<CHECK> =
15341 Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode (I<CHECK> =
15342 Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML
15343 charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The bitmask
15347 =item coderef for CHECK
15351 =item Defining Encodings
15353 =item The UTF-8 flag
15355 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
15359 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
15361 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
15365 =item UTF-8 vs. utf8
15373 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
15381 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
15386 =item Alias overloading
15394 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
15408 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
15410 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
15426 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
15428 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
15430 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
15444 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
15454 =item Methods you should implement
15456 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
15457 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
15459 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
15461 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>renewed, -E<gt>perlio_ok(),
15462 -E<gt>needs_lines()
15464 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
15468 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
15472 =item Compiled Encodings
15478 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
15482 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
15492 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
15493 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
15494 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
15504 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
15514 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
15522 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
15524 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
15526 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
15540 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
15542 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
15558 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
15564 =item How does it work?
15566 =item Line Buffering
15570 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
15578 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
15586 =item Encoding Names
15590 =item Supported Encodings
15594 =item Built-in Encodings
15596 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
15598 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
15600 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
15601 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
15603 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
15605 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
15606 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
15607 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
15609 =item Miscellaneous encodings
15611 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
15615 =item Unsupported encodings
15617 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
15618 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
15619 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
15620 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
15622 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
15624 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
15628 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
15630 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
15636 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
15637 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
15644 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
15645 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
15649 =item Other Notable Sites
15651 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
15652 "Introduction to i18n"
15654 =item Offline sources
15656 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
15662 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
15676 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
15692 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
15700 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
15702 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
15708 =item by endianness
15710 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
15714 =item Surrogate Pairs
15716 =item Error Checking
15722 =head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
15736 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
15745 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
15750 =item Alias overloading
15758 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
15759 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
15761 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
15764 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
15767 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
15768 Implementation Base Class
15778 =item Methods you should implement
15780 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
15781 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
15783 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
15785 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>renewed, -E<gt>perlio_ok(),
15786 -E<gt>needs_lines()
15788 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
15792 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
15796 =item Compiled Encodings
15802 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
15806 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
15817 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
15818 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
15819 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
15829 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
15830 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
15832 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
15835 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
15838 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
15839 and 'Q' header encoding
15855 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
15856 on Encode and PerlIO
15862 =item How does it work?
15864 =item Line Buffering
15868 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
15876 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
15877 supported by Encode
15885 =item Encoding Names
15889 =item Supported Encodings
15893 =item Built-in Encodings
15895 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
15897 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
15899 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
15900 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
15902 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
15904 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
15905 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
15906 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
15908 =item Miscellaneous encodings
15910 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
15914 =item Unsupported encodings
15916 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
15917 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
15918 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
15919 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
15921 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
15923 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
15927 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
15929 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
15935 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
15936 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
15943 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
15944 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
15948 =item Other Notable Sites
15950 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
15951 "Introduction to i18n"
15953 =item Offline sources
15955 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
15961 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
15976 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
15988 =item Predefined Methods
15990 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
15991 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
15992 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
15994 =item Example: base64 transcoder
15996 =item Operator Overloading
16004 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
16005 non-ascii or non-utf8
16015 =item Literal Conversions
16017 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
16019 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
16023 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
16025 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
16029 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
16030 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
16032 =item The Filter Option
16036 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
16046 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
16048 =item tr/// with ranges
16050 Legend of characters above
16054 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
16056 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
16058 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
16062 =item The Logic of :locale
16072 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
16084 =item Predefined Methods
16086 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
16087 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
16088 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
16090 =item Example: base64 transcoder
16092 =item Operator Overloading
16100 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
16113 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
16128 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
16144 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
16154 =item How to Export
16156 =item Selecting What To Export
16158 =item How to Import
16160 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
16164 =item Advanced features
16168 =item Specialised Import Lists
16170 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
16172 =item Exporting without inheriting from Exporter
16174 =item Module Version Checking
16176 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
16178 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
16180 =item Generating combined tags
16182 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
16188 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
16198 =head2 ExtUtils::CBuilder - Compile and link C code for Perl modules
16208 new, have_compiler, compile, C<object_file>, C<include_dirs>,
16209 C<extra_compiler_flags>, link, lib_file, module_name, extra_linker_flags,
16210 link_executable, exe_file, object_file, lib_file, exe_file, prelink,
16211 need_prelink, extra_link_args_after_prelink
16225 =head2 ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows - Builder class for Windows
16238 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
16279 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
16293 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
16295 B<perllocal_install>
16299 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
16309 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
16317 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
16319 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
16321 WriteMakefileSnippet
16323 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
16324 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FH, C_FILE, XS_FH, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
16332 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant::Base - base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
16346 memEQ_clause args_hashref
16348 dump_names arg_hashref, ITEM..
16350 assign arg_hashref, VALUE..
16352 return_clause arg_hashref, ITEM
16354 switch_clause arg_hashref, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
16358 dogfood arg_hashref, ITEM..
16360 normalise_items args, default_type, seen_types, seen_items, ITEM..
16362 C_constant arg_hashref, ITEM.., name, type, value, macro, default, pre,
16363 post, def_pre, def_post, utf8, weight
16373 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant::Utils - helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
16387 perl_stringify NAME
16395 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant::XS, ExtUtils::Constant::Base - base class for
16396 ExtUtils::Constant objects
16410 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
16422 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
16423 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
16433 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
16451 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
16463 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>
16471 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
16483 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
16484 packlist(), version()
16492 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
16500 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
16501 dynamic extensions at load time
16507 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
16517 =item VMS implementation
16519 =item Win32 implementation
16527 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
16537 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_AIX - AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
16547 =item Overridden methods
16561 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
16573 =item Cross-platform helper methods
16599 =item File::Spec wrappers
16615 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
16616 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
16630 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
16631 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
16645 replace_manpage_separator
16649 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
16659 =item Overridden methods
16667 B<replace_manpage_separator>
16677 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
16687 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
16688 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
16700 init_platform, platform_constants
16708 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
16709 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
16727 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_QNX - QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
16737 =item Overridden methods
16751 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
16761 =item Overridden methods
16769 B<replace_manpage_separator>
16779 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
16873 init_platform, platform_constants
16917 post_initialize (o)
16929 replace_manpage_separator
16953 test_via_harness (override)
16955 test_via_script (override)
16979 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
16980 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
16990 =item Methods always loaded
17002 guess_name (override)
17006 find_perl (override)
17008 maybe_command (override)
17012 pm_to_blib (override)
17014 perl_script (override)
17016 replace_manpage_separator
17022 init_main (override)
17024 init_others (override)
17026 init_platform (override)
17030 init_VERSION (override)
17032 constants (override)
17038 const_cccmd (override)
17040 tools_other (override)
17042 init_dist (override)
17052 dynamic_lib (override)
17054 static_lib (override)
17058 zipfile_target, tarfile_target, shdist_target
17062 perldepend (override)
17064 makeaperl (override)
17066 nicetext (override)
17068 prefixify (override)
17096 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VOS - VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
17106 =item Overridden methods
17120 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
17121 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
17133 =item Overridden methods
17139 replace_manpage_separator
17147 init_platform, platform_constants
17173 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
17183 =item Overridden methods
17205 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
17215 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
17225 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
17227 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
17235 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
17239 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
17241 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
17243 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
17245 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
17247 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
17248 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
17249 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
17250 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
17251 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
17252 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
17253 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLSITESCRIPT,
17254 INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
17255 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT,
17256 INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT,
17257 LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL,
17258 MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
17259 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL,
17260 PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX,
17261 PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS,
17262 PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX,
17263 PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN,
17264 SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM,
17265 XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
17267 =item Additional lowercase attributes
17269 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
17270 test, tool_autosplit
17272 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
17274 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
17276 C<< MAN3PODS => ' ' >>
17278 =item Hintsfile support
17280 =item Distribution Support
17282 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
17283 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
17284 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
17286 =item Module Meta-Data
17288 =item Disabling an extension
17290 =item Other Handy Functions
17298 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT, PERL_CORE
17308 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config - Wrapper around Config.pm
17318 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
17327 =item Module Installation
17329 How do I keep from installing man pages?, How do I use a module without
17332 =item Philosophy and History
17334 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What is
17335 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
17336 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
17338 =item Module Writing
17340 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
17341 this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!
17345 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
17346 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
17359 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
17373 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
17382 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version-agnostic bytes.pm
17392 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
17402 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
17440 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
17444 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
17452 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
17453 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
17457 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
17465 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
17477 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
17487 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
17496 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
17504 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
17516 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
17524 =head2 ExtUtils::ParseXS - converts Perl XS code into C code
17534 process_xs(), B<C++>, B<hiertype>, B<except>, B<typemap>, B<prototypes>,
17535 B<versioncheck>, B<linenumbers>, B<optimize>, B<inout>, B<argtypes>, B<s>,
17546 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
17556 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
17568 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
17578 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
17582 =head2 File::Basename - Parse file paths into directory, filename and
17599 C<fileparse_set_fstype>
17607 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
17621 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
17635 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
17645 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
17647 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
17659 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
17669 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
17681 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
17689 B<find>, B<finddepth>
17695 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
17696 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
17697 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
17699 =item The wanted function
17701 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
17702 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
17703 pathname to the file
17711 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
17715 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
17721 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
17731 =item META CHARACTERS
17735 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
17736 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
17737 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
17743 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
17753 =head2 File::GlobMapper - Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
17761 This code is a work in progress, There are known bugs, The interface
17762 defined here is tentative, There are portability issues, Do not use in
17763 production code, Consider yourself warned!
17767 =item Behind The Scenes
17771 =item Input File Glob
17773 B<~>, B<~user>, B<.>, B<*>, B<?>, B<\>, B<[]>, B<{,}>, B<()>
17775 =item Output File Glob
17779 =item Returned Data
17787 =item A Rename script
17789 =item A few example globmaps
17797 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17801 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
17815 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
17825 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
17826 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
17827 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
17837 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
17849 file_name_is_absolute
17859 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
17881 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
17901 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
17929 file_name_is_absolute
17953 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
17967 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
18000 file_name_is_absolute
18024 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
18032 canonpath (override)
18050 case_tolerant (override)
18054 file_name_is_absolute (override)
18056 splitpath (override)
18058 splitdir (override)
18074 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
18100 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
18112 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
18126 =item OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE
18134 B<unlink_on_destroy>
18150 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
18164 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
18174 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
18182 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
18196 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
18198 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
18204 B<$KEEP_ALL>, B<$DEBUG>
18212 =item Temporary files and NFS
18228 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
18244 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
18252 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
18260 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
18268 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
18274 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
18288 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
18290 =item All-in-one interface
18292 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
18294 C<"code">, C<"code_no_comments">, C<"executable">,
18295 C<"executable_no_comments">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
18298 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
18300 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
18301 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
18302 and C<'code_no_comments'> component filter behave slightly differently
18303 from the other partial filters described in the previous section.
18305 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
18307 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
18319 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
18329 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
18333 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
18335 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
18343 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
18345 =item Example 2: Using the context
18347 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
18349 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
18353 =item Filter::Simple
18361 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
18369 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
18381 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
18397 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
18405 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
18407 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
18411 =item Simple options
18413 =item A little bit less simple options
18415 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
18417 =item Options with values
18419 =item Options with multiple values
18421 =item Options with hash values
18423 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
18425 =item Options with multiple names
18427 =item Case and abbreviations
18429 =item Summary of Option Specifications
18431 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
18436 =item Advanced Possibilities
18440 =item Object oriented interface
18442 =item Thread Safety
18444 =item Documentation and help texts
18446 =item Storing option values in a hash
18450 =item The lonesome dash
18452 =item Argument callback
18456 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
18458 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
18459 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
18460 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
18461 (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
18462 (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
18463 prefix_pattern, long_prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
18465 =item Exportable Methods
18467 VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
18469 =item Return values and Errors
18475 =item Default destinations
18477 =item Alternative option starters
18479 =item Configuration variables
18483 =item Trouble Shooting
18487 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
18490 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
18492 =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
18494 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
18500 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
18504 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches
18505 with switch clustering
18513 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
18517 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
18527 =item Restricted hashes
18529 lock_keys, unlock_keys
18535 lock_value, unlock_value
18537 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
18551 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
18562 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
18573 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
18575 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
18577 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
18579 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
18581 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
18583 the function super_languages($lang1)
18585 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
18587 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
18589 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
18591 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
18593 the function implicate_supers( ...languages... ), the function
18594 implicate_supers_strictly( ...languages... )
18598 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
18600 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
18610 =head2 I18N::LangTags::Detect - detect the user's language preferences
18630 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
18638 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
18640 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
18642 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
18643 Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
18644 Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
18645 {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
18646 {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
18647 {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
18648 : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
18649 Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
18650 Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
18651 : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
18652 Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
18653 : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
18654 Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
18655 Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
18656 (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
18657 {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
18658 Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
18659 Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
18660 (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
18661 American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
18662 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
18663 : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
18664 Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
18665 Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
18666 {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
18667 : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
18668 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
18669 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
18670 Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
18671 Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
18672 {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
18673 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
18674 : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
18675 English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
18676 (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
18677 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
18678 : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
18679 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
18680 (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
18681 Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
18682 {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
18683 {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
18684 German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
18685 : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
18686 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
18687 Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
18688 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
18689 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
18690 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
18691 {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
18692 (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
18693 (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
18694 Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
18695 Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
18696 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
18697 Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
18698 {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
18699 Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
18700 : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
18701 {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
18702 {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
18703 {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
18704 Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
18705 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
18706 Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
18707 Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
18708 Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
18709 (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
18710 : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
18711 {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
18712 {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
18713 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
18714 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
18715 Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
18716 [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
18717 Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
18718 Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
18719 {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
18720 languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
18721 {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
18722 {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
18723 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
18724 {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
18725 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
18726 Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
18727 : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
18728 Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
18729 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
18730 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
18731 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
18732 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
18733 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
18734 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
18735 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
18736 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
18737 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
18738 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
18739 Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
18740 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
18741 Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
18742 {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
18743 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
18744 Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
18745 Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
18746 (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
18747 {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
18748 Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
18749 South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
18750 Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
18751 {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
18752 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
18753 {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
18754 Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
18755 Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
18756 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
18757 {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
18758 Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
18759 : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
18760 Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
18761 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
18762 Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
18763 : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
18764 : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
18765 Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
18766 Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
18767 : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
18772 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
18778 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
18796 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18800 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
18812 =head2 IO::Compress::Deflate - Perl interface to write RFC 1950
18821 DO NOT use in production code, The documentation is incomplete in places,
18822 Parts of the interface defined here are tentative, Please report any
18825 =item Functional Interface
18829 =item deflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
18831 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
18832 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
18833 Reference, An Output FileGlob
18837 =item Optional Parameters
18839 AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, BinModeIn =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1
18851 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
18853 =item Constructor Options
18855 -AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1, A Buffer, A Filename, A
18856 Filehandle, -Merge =E<gt> 0|1, -Level, -Strategy, -Strict =E<gt> 0|1
18888 =item newStream([OPTS])
18892 =item deflateParams
18898 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
18906 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
18908 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18912 =head2 IO::Compress::Gzip - Perl interface to write RFC 1952
18921 DO NOT use in production code, The documentation is incomplete in places,
18922 Parts of the interface defined here are tentative, Please report any
18925 =item Functional Interface
18929 =item gzip $input => $output [, OPTS]
18931 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
18932 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
18933 Reference, An Output FileGlob
18937 =item Optional Parameters
18939 AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, BinModeIn =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1
18951 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
18953 =item Constructor Options
18955 -AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1, A Buffer, A Filename, A
18956 Filehandle, -Merge =E<gt> 0|1, -Level, -Strategy, -Minimal =E<gt> 0|1,
18957 -Comment =E<gt> $comment, -Name =E<gt> $string, -Time =E<gt> $number,
18958 -TextFlag =E<gt> 0|1, -HeaderCRC =E<gt> 0|1, -OS_Code =E<gt> $value,
18959 -ExtraField =E<gt> $data, -ExtraFlags =E<gt> $value, -Strict =E<gt> 0|1
18991 =item newStream([OPTS])
18995 =item deflateParams
19001 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
19009 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
19011 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19015 =head2 IO::Compress::RawDeflate - Perl interface to write RFC 1951
19024 DO NOT use in production code, The documentation is incomplete in places,
19025 Parts of the interface defined here are tentative, Please report any
19028 =item Functional Interface
19032 =item rawdeflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
19034 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
19035 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
19036 Reference, An Output FileGlob
19040 =item Optional Parameters
19042 AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, BinModeIn =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1
19054 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
19056 =item Constructor Options
19058 -AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1, A Buffer, A Filename, A
19059 Filehandle, -Merge =E<gt> 0|1, -Level, -Strategy, -Strict =E<gt> 0|1
19091 =item newStream([OPTS])
19095 =item deflateParams
19101 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
19109 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
19111 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19115 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
19123 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
19124 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
19134 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
19144 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
19148 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode(
19159 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
19169 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
19173 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
19174 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
19175 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
19176 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
19188 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
19198 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
19202 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
19212 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
19222 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
19223 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
19233 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
19241 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
19242 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
19251 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
19261 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
19265 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
19266 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
19267 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
19277 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
19291 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
19292 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
19302 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
19318 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
19331 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
19345 hostpath(), peerpath()
19355 =head2 IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate - Perl interface to read RFC 1950, 1951 &
19364 DO NOT use in production code, The documentation is incomplete in places,
19365 Parts of the interface defined here are tentative, Please report any
19368 =item Functional Interface
19372 =item anyinflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
19374 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
19375 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
19376 Reference, An Output FileGlob
19380 =item Optional Parameters
19382 AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, BinModeOut =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1,
19383 -MultiStream =E<gt> 0|1
19395 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
19397 =item Constructor Options
19399 -AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, -MultiStream =E<gt> 0|1, -Prime =E<gt> $string,
19400 -Transparent =E<gt> 0|1, -BlockSize =E<gt> $num, -InputLength =E<gt> $size,
19401 -Append =E<gt> 0|1, -Strict =E<gt> 0|1, -ParseExtra =E<gt> 0|1
19423 =item getHeaderInfo
19449 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
19451 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19455 =head2 IO::Uncompress::Gunzip - Perl interface to read RFC 1952
19464 DO NOT use in production code, The documentation is incomplete in places,
19465 Parts of the interface defined here are tentative, Please report any
19468 =item Functional Interface
19472 =item gunzip $input => $output [, OPTS]
19474 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
19475 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
19476 Reference, An Output FileGlob
19480 =item Optional Parameters
19482 AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, BinModeOut =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1,
19483 -MultiStream =E<gt> 0|1
19495 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
19497 =item Constructor Options
19499 -AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, -MultiStream =E<gt> 0|1, -Prime =E<gt> $string,
19500 -Transparent =E<gt> 0|1, -BlockSize =E<gt> $num, -InputLength =E<gt> $size,
19501 -Append =E<gt> 0|1, -Strict =E<gt> 0|1, -ParseExtra =E<gt> 0|1
19523 =item getHeaderInfo
19551 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
19553 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19557 =head2 IO::Uncompress::Inflate - Perl interface to read RFC 1950
19566 DO NOT use in production code, The documentation is incomplete in places,
19567 Parts of the interface defined here are tentative, Please report any
19570 =item Functional Interface
19574 =item inflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
19576 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
19577 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
19578 Reference, An Output FileGlob
19582 =item Optional Parameters
19584 AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, BinModeOut =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1,
19585 -MultiStream =E<gt> 0|1
19597 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
19599 =item Constructor Options
19601 -AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, -MultiStream =E<gt> 0|1, -Prime =E<gt> $string,
19602 -Transparent =E<gt> 0|1, -BlockSize =E<gt> $num, -InputLength =E<gt> $size,
19603 -Append =E<gt> 0|1, -Strict =E<gt> 0|1
19625 =item getHeaderInfo
19651 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
19653 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19657 =head2 IO::Uncompress::RawInflate - Perl interface to read RFC 1951
19666 DO NOT use in production code, The documentation is incomplete in places,
19667 Parts of the interface defined here are tentative, Please report any
19670 =item Functional Interface
19674 =item rawinflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
19676 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
19677 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
19678 Reference, An Output FileGlob
19682 =item Optional Parameters
19684 AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, BinModeOut =E<gt> 0|1, -Append =E<gt> 0|1,
19685 -MultiStream =E<gt> 0|1
19697 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
19699 =item Constructor Options
19701 -AutoClose =E<gt> 0|1, -MultiStream =E<gt> 0|1, -Prime =E<gt> $string,
19702 -Transparent =E<gt> 0|1, -BlockSize =E<gt> $num, -InputLength =E<gt> $size,
19703 -Append =E<gt> 0|1, -Strict =E<gt> 0|1
19725 =item getHeaderInfo
19751 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
19753 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19757 =head2 IO::Zlib - IO:: style interface to L<Compress::Zlib>
19769 =item OBJECT METHODS
19771 open ( FILENAME, MODE ), opened, close, getc, getline, getlines, print (
19772 ARGS... ), read ( BUF, NBYTES, [OFFSET] ), eof, seek ( OFFSET, WHENCE ),
19773 tell, setpos ( POS ), getpos ( POS )
19775 =item USING THE EXTERNAL GZIP
19777 =item CLASS METHODS
19779 has_Compress_Zlib, gzip_external, gzip_used, gzip_read_open,
19784 IO::Zlib::getlines: must be called in list context,
19785 IO::Zlib::gzopen_external: mode '...' is illegal, IO::Zlib::import: '...'
19786 is illegal, IO::Zlib::import: ':gzip_external' requires an argument,
19787 IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_read_open' requires an argument, IO::Zlib::import:
19788 'gzip_read' '...' is illegal, IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_write_open' requires
19789 an argument, IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_write_open' '...' is illegal,
19790 IO::Zlib::import: no Compress::Zlib and no external gzip, IO::Zlib::open:
19791 needs a filename, IO::Zlib::READ: NBYTES must be specified, IO::Zlib::READ:
19792 OFFSET is not supported, IO::Zlib::WRITE: too long LENGTH, IO::Zlib::WRITE:
19793 OFFSET is not supported
19803 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
19812 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
19813 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
19823 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
19833 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
19837 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode(
19848 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
19859 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
19863 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
19864 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
19865 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
19866 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
19878 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
19888 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
19892 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
19902 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
19912 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
19913 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
19923 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
19932 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
19933 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
19942 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
19953 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
19957 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
19958 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
19959 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
19969 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
19984 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
19985 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
19995 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
19996 AF_INET domain sockets
20012 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
20025 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
20026 AF_UNIX domain sockets
20040 hostpath(), peerpath()
20050 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
20060 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
20061 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
20072 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
20086 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
20099 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
20109 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
20110 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
20111 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
20122 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
20140 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
20150 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
20151 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
20162 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
20173 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
20174 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
20175 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
20186 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
20194 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
20195 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
20199 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
20205 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
20206 general-utility list subroutines
20214 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
20215 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
20219 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
20225 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
20226 general-utility scalar subroutines
20234 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
20235 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
20236 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
20246 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
20254 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
20258 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
20266 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
20274 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
20276 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
20278 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
20279 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
20281 =item QUERY ROUTINES
20283 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
20285 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
20291 =item rename_country
20299 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
20303 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
20304 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
20305 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
20306 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
20314 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
20315 identification (ISO 4217)
20325 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
20327 code2currency(), currency2code()
20329 =item QUERY ROUTINES
20331 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
20335 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
20339 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
20340 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
20348 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
20357 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
20359 code2language(), language2code()
20361 =item QUERY ROUTINES
20363 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
20367 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
20371 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
20372 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
20380 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
20388 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
20394 =item Construction Methods
20396 =item The "maketext" Method
20398 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
20400 =item Utility Methods
20402 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
20403 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
20404 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
20405 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
20407 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
20411 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
20413 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
20415 =item BRACKET NOTATION
20417 =item AUTO LEXICONS
20419 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
20421 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
20425 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
20431 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
20439 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
20443 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
20445 =item The Linguistic View
20447 =item Breaking gettext
20449 =item Replacing gettext
20451 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
20453 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
20455 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
20457 =item Buzzword: Concision
20459 =item The Devil in the Details
20461 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
20469 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
20477 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
20481 =item SPECIAL CODES
20485 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
20487 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
20488 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
20490 =item QUERY ROUTINES
20492 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
20496 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
20500 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
20501 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
20509 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
20517 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
20521 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data, Wide
20522 character in subroutine entry
20532 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
20533 of quoted-printable strings
20541 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode),
20550 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
20559 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode),
20568 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
20578 =item Canonical notation
20582 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
20584 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
20588 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
20589 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
20603 =item Autocreating constants
20609 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
20617 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow, precision() vs. accuracy()
20627 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer/float math package
20659 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
20661 =item is_pos()/is_neg()
20663 $x->is_pos(); # true if > 0
20664 $x->is_neg(); # true if < 0
20666 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
20752 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
20762 =item Rounding mode R
20764 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
20765 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
20766 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
20771 =item Infinity and Not a Number
20773 oct()/hex(), log(-inf), exp(), cos(), sin(), atan2()
20783 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
20791 =item Autocreating constants
20797 =item Alternative math libraries
20803 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
20811 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
20817 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
20822 bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling,
20823 Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types,
20834 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
20846 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
20850 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
20852 the same terms as Perl itself.
20860 =head2 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
20882 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
20884 the same terms as Perl itself.
20892 =head2 Math::BigInt::FastCalc - Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more
20907 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
20909 the same terms as Perl itself.
20917 =head2 Math::BigRat - Arbitrary big rational numbers
20939 =item denominator()
20941 $d = $x->denominator();
20955 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
20989 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
20990 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(),
20991 blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial)
21001 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
21018 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
21024 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
21026 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
21034 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
21042 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
21048 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
21050 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
21054 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
21056 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
21060 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
21062 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
21064 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
21065 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
21069 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
21075 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
21085 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
21103 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
21105 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
21109 =item OTHER FACILITIES
21115 =item C<flush_cache>
21121 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
21123 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
21131 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21137 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
21146 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
21157 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
21169 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
21177 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
21185 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
21194 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
21203 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
21211 =head2 Module::CoreList - what modules shipped with versions of perl
21231 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
21239 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
21245 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
21249 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
21253 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
21264 =item Enforcing redispatch
21266 =item Avoiding repetitions
21268 =item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
21270 =item Using C<EVERY> methods
21276 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
21282 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
21292 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
21295 =item CLASS METHODS
21297 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
21298 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
21299 ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
21309 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
21319 requires_firewall HOST
21321 =item NetConfig VALUES
21323 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
21324 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
21325 ftp_int_passive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
21329 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
21338 hostfqdn (), domainname (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
21346 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
21358 new ([ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
21362 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
21363 site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
21364 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [,
21365 RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ), ls (
21366 [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ),
21367 put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE
21368 ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ),
21369 size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[
21370 BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ),
21371 stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (),
21372 pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique (
21373 SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ),
21378 =item Methods for the adventurous
21384 =item THE dataconn CLASS
21386 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
21387 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
21389 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
21391 B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
21393 =item REPORTING BUGS
21401 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/
21409 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
21419 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
21423 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
21424 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
21425 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
21426 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
21427 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
21428 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
21429 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
21433 =item Extension methods
21435 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
21436 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
21437 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
21438 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
21447 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
21457 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
21467 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] 0
21471 auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER
21472 [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), banner (), capa (), capabilities
21473 (), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ]
21474 ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ]
21475 ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
21487 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
21499 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
21500 ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
21501 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
21502 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
21503 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
21520 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
21532 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] )
21536 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), host (), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth (
21537 USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ),
21538 send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient (
21539 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS, [...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]]
21540 ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ),
21541 data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [
21542 $subject ] ), quit ()
21554 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
21562 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
21563 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
21571 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
21588 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
21596 =item Where to get this document
21598 =item How to contribute to this document
21602 =item Author and Copyright Information
21610 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
21614 =item What is libnet ?
21616 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
21618 =item What other modules do I need ?
21620 =item What machines support libnet ?
21622 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
21626 =item Using Net::FTP
21630 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
21632 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
21634 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
21636 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
21639 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
21641 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
21643 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
21645 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
21647 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
21649 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
21652 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
21654 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
21657 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
21660 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
21664 =item Using Net::SMTP
21668 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
21671 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
21673 =item The verify method always returns true ?
21677 =item Debugging scripts
21681 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
21685 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
21689 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
21706 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
21721 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
21738 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
21746 =item THE .netrc FILE
21748 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
21753 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
21757 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
21767 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
21777 =item IMPLEMENTATION
21785 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
21793 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
21799 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
21803 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
21807 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
21819 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
21821 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
21822 or optag, an operator set (opset)
21824 =item Opcode Functions
21826 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
21827 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
21828 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
21831 =item Manipulating Opsets
21833 =item TO DO (maybe)
21839 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
21841 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
21842 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
21843 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
21852 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
21861 a new namespace, an operator mask
21867 =item RECENT CHANGES
21869 =item Methods in class Safe
21871 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
21872 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
21873 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
21874 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
21876 =item Some Safety Issues
21878 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
21886 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
21899 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
21913 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
21914 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
21915 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
21916 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
21917 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
21918 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
21919 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
21920 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
21921 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
21922 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
21923 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
21924 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
21925 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
21926 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
21927 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
21928 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
21929 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
21930 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
21931 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
21932 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
21933 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
21934 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
21935 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
21936 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
21937 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
21944 =item POSIX::SigAction
21946 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
21950 %SIGRT, SIGRTMIN, SIGRTMAX
21952 =item POSIX::SigSet
21954 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
21956 =item POSIX::Termios
21958 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
21959 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
21960 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
21961 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
21962 values, c_oflag field values
21966 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
21970 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
21974 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
22028 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
22029 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
22033 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
22042 :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32
22046 =item Custom Layers
22050 =item Alternatives to raw
22052 =item Defaults and how to override them
22054 =item Querying the layers of filehandles
22064 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
22076 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO
22084 =item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
22088 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
22096 =item EXPECTED METHODS
22098 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
22099 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
22100 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
22101 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
22102 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
22103 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
22104 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
22105 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
22111 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
22117 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
22125 =item REQUIRED MODULES
22129 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
22135 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
22141 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
22147 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
22159 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
22160 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
22161 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
22162 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
22163 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
22164 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
22165 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
22166 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
22171 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
22172 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
22173 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
22174 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
22175 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
22176 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
22181 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
22182 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
22194 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
22196 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
22199 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
22201 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
22203 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
22205 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
22207 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
22209 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
22217 =head2 Pod::Escapes -- for resolving Pod EE<lt>...E<gt> sequences
22227 e2char($e_content), e2charnum($e_content), $Name2character{I<name>},
22228 $Name2character_number{I<name>}, $Latin1Code_to_fallback{I<integer>},
22229 $Latin1Char_to_fallback{I<character>}, $Code2USASCII{I<integer>}
22235 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
22241 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
22253 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
22255 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
22262 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
22268 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
22270 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
22277 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
22289 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
22299 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir,
22300 htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot,
22301 quiet, recurse, title, verbose
22315 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
22328 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
22329 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
22335 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
22359 =item B<was_cutting()>
22365 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
22371 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
22377 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
22383 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
22389 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
22395 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
22401 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
22407 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
22413 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
22419 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
22425 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
22431 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
22437 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
22443 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
22449 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
22455 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
22461 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
22467 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
22473 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
22479 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
22485 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
22491 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
22497 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
22503 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
22509 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
22515 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
22521 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
22527 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
22533 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
22545 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
22557 =item OBJECT METHODS
22565 =item Data Accessors
22581 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
22583 B<StartWithNewPage>
22597 =item Subclassed methods
22611 B<interior_sequence>
22627 =item Methods for headings
22635 =item Internal methods
22641 B<_replace_special_chars>
22643 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
22649 B<_clean_latex_commands>
22651 B<_split_delimited>
22667 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
22675 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
22680 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid quote specification
22689 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
22695 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
22707 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
22711 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
22725 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
22733 $list-E<gt>indent()
22741 $list-E<gt>parent()
22747 =item Pod::Hyperlink
22749 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
22753 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
22755 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
22759 $link-E<gt>warning()
22761 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
22767 $link-E<gt>alttext()
22777 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
22783 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
22787 =item Pod::Cache::Item
22789 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
22793 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
22795 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
22797 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
22799 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
22801 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
22803 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
22805 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
22815 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
22827 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
22829 =item PARSING OPTIONS
22831 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
22832 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
22838 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
22846 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
22852 =item B<verbatim()>
22854 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
22860 =item B<textblock()>
22862 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
22868 =item B<interior_sequence()>
22874 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
22886 =item B<initialize()>
22892 =item B<begin_pod()>
22898 =item B<begin_input()>
22904 =item B<end_input()>
22916 =item B<preprocess_line()>
22922 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
22928 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
22934 =item B<parse_text()>
22936 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
22937 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
22938 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
22944 =item B<interpolate()>
22950 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
22956 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
22962 =item B<parse_from_file()>
22968 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
22974 =item B<errorsub()>
22986 =item B<parseopts()>
22992 =item B<output_file()>
22998 =item B<output_handle()>
23004 =item B<input_file()>
23010 =item B<input_handle()>
23016 =item B<input_streams()>
23022 =item B<top_stream()>
23028 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
23034 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
23040 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
23046 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
23054 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
23064 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23070 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
23082 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23088 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
23100 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23106 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
23116 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23122 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
23132 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23138 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
23150 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23156 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
23170 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
23180 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23186 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
23194 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
23198 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
23199 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
23211 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
23231 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
23244 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
23246 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
23252 =item OBJECT METHODS
23258 =item B<curr_headings()>
23270 =item B<add_selection()>
23276 =item B<clear_selections()>
23282 =item B<match_section()>
23288 =item B<is_selected()>
23294 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
23300 =item B<podselect()>
23302 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
23308 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
23314 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
23320 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
23326 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
23338 =head2 Pod::Simple - framework for parsing Pod
23348 C<< $parser = I<SomeClass>->new(); >>, C<< $parser->output_fh( *OUT ); >>,
23349 C<< $parser->output_string( \$somestring ); >>, C<< $parser->parse_file(
23350 I<$some_filename> ); >>, C<< $parser->parse_file( *INPUT_FH ); >>, C<<
23351 $parser->parse_string_document( I<$all_content> ); >>, C<<
23352 $parser->parse_lines( I<...@lines...>, undef ); >>, C<<
23353 $parser->content_seen >>, C<< I<SomeClass>->filter( I<$filename> ); >>, C<<
23354 I<SomeClass>->filter( I<*INPUT_FH> ); >>, C<< I<SomeClass>->filter(
23355 I<\$document_content> ); >>
23357 =item SECONDARY METHODS
23359 C<< $parser->no_whining( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->no_errata_section(
23360 I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->complain_stderr( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<<
23361 $parser->source_filename >>, C<< $parser->doc_has_started >>, C<<
23362 $parser->source_dead >>
23368 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23374 =head2 Pod::Simple::Checker -- check the Pod syntax of a document
23384 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23390 =head2 Pod::Simple::Debug -- put Pod::Simple into trace/debug mode
23404 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23410 =head2 Pod::Simple::DumpAsText -- dump Pod-parsing events as text
23420 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23426 =head2 Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML -- turn Pod into XML
23436 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23442 =head2 Pod::Simple::HTML - convert Pod to HTML
23450 =item CALLING FROM THE COMMAND LINE
23452 =item CALLING FROM PERL
23460 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23466 =head2 Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch - convert several Pod files to several HTML
23477 =item FROM THE COMMAND LINE
23483 $batchconv = Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch->new;, $batchconv->batch_convert(
23484 I<indirs>, I<outdir> );, $batchconv->batch_convert( undef , ...);,
23485 $batchconv->batch_convert( q{@INC}, ...);, $batchconv->batch_convert(
23486 \@dirs , ...);, $batchconv->batch_convert( "somedir" , ...);,
23487 $batchconv->batch_convert( 'somedir:someother:also' , ...);,
23488 $batchconv->batch_convert( ... , undef );, $batchconv->batch_convert( ... ,
23493 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
23495 $batchconv->verbose( I<nonnegative_integer> );, $batchconv->index(
23496 I<true-or-false> );, $batchconv->contents_file( I<filename> );,
23497 $batchconv->contents_page_start( I<HTML_string> );,
23498 $batchconv->contents_page_end( I<HTML_string> );, $batchconv->add_css( $url
23499 );, $batchconv->add_javascript( $url );, $batchconv->css_flurry(
23500 I<true-or-false> );, $batchconv->javascript_flurry( I<true-or-false> );,
23501 $batchconv->no_contents_links( I<true-or-false> );,
23502 $batchconv->html_render_class( I<classname> );
23506 =item NOTES ON CUSTOMIZATION
23512 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23518 =head2 Pod::Simple::LinkSection -- represent "section" attributes of L
23529 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23535 =head2 Pod::Simple::Methody -- turn Pod::Simple events into method calls
23543 =item METHOD CALLING
23547 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23553 =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParser -- a pull-parser interface to parsing Pod
23563 my $token = $parser->get_token, $parser->unget_token( $token ),
23564 $parser->unget_token( $token1, $token2, ... ), $parser->set_source(
23565 $filename ), $parser->set_source( $filehandle_object ),
23566 $parser->set_source( \$document_source ), $parser->set_source(
23567 \@document_lines ), $parser->parse_file(...),
23568 $parser->parse_string_document(...), $parser->filter(...),
23569 $parser->parse_from_file(...), my $title_string = $parser->get_title, my
23570 $title_string = $parser->get_short_title, $author_name =
23571 $parser->get_author, $description_name = $parser->get_description,
23572 $version_block = $parser->get_version
23578 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23584 =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken -- end-tokens from
23585 Pod::Simple::PullParser
23593 $token->tagname, $token->tagname(I<somestring>), $token->tag(...),
23594 $token->is_tag(I<somestring>) or $token->is_tagname(I<somestring>)
23598 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23604 =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken -- start-tokens from
23605 Pod::Simple::PullParser
23613 $token->tagname, $token->tagname(I<somestring>), $token->tag(...),
23614 $token->is_tag(I<somestring>) or $token->is_tagname(I<somestring>),
23615 $token->attr(I<attrname>), $token->attr(I<attrname>, I<newvalue>),
23620 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23626 =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken -- text-tokens from
23627 Pod::Simple::PullParser
23635 $token->text, $token->text(I<somestring>), $token->text_r()
23639 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23645 =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParserToken -- tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
23653 $token->type, $token->is_start, $token->is_text, $token->is_end,
23658 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23664 =head2 Pod::Simple::RTF -- format Pod as RTF
23672 =item FORMAT CONTROL ATTRIBUTES
23674 $parser->head1_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
23675 $parser->head2_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
23676 $parser->head3_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
23677 $parser->head4_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
23678 $parser->codeblock_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
23679 $parser->header_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
23680 $parser->normal_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
23681 $parser->no_proofing_exemptions( I<true_or_false> );, $parser->doc_lang(
23682 I<microsoft_decimal_language_code> )
23686 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23692 =head2 Pod::Simple::Search - find POD documents in directory trees
23704 $search->inc( I<true-or-false> );, $search->verbose( I<nonnegative-number>
23705 );, $search->limit_glob( I<some-glob-string> );, $search->callback(
23706 I<\&some_routine> );, $search->laborious( I<true-or-false> );,
23707 $search->shadows( I<true-or-false> );, $search->limit_re( I<some-regxp> );,
23708 $search->dir_prefix( I<some-string-value> );, $search->progress(
23709 I<some-progress-object> );, $name2path = $self->name2path;, $path2name =
23712 =item MAIN SEARCH METHODS
23716 =item C<< $search->survey( @directories ) >>
23718 C<name2path>, C<path2name>
23720 =item C<< $search->simplify_name( $str ) >>
23722 =item C<< $search->find( $pod ) >>
23724 =item C<< $search->find( $pod, @search_dirs ) >>
23726 =item C<< $self->contains_pod( $file ) >>
23736 =head2 Pod::Simple::Subclassing -- write a formatter as a Pod::Simple
23747 C<< $parser->_handle_element_start( I<element_name>, I<attr_hashref> ) >>,
23748 C<< $parser->_handle_element_end( I<element_name> ) >>, C<<
23749 $parser->_handle_text( I<text_string> ) >>, events with an element_name
23750 of Document, events with an element_name of Para, events with an
23751 element_name of B, C, F, or I, events with an element_name of S, events
23752 with an element_name of X, events with an element_name of L, events with an
23753 element_name of E or Z, events with an element_name of Verbatim, events
23754 with an element_name of head1 .. head4, events with an element_name of
23755 over-bullet, events with an element_name of over-number, events with an
23756 element_name of over-text, events with an element_name of over-block,
23757 events with an element_name of item-bullet, events with an element_name of
23758 item-number, events with an element_name of item-text, events with an
23759 element_name of for, events with an element_name of Data
23761 =item More Pod::Simple Methods
23763 C<< $parser->accept_targets( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<<
23764 $parser->accept_targets_as_text( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<<
23765 $parser->accept_codes( I<Codename>, I<Codename>... ) >>, C<<
23766 $parser->accept_directive_as_data( I<directive_name> ) >>, C<<
23767 $parser->accept_directive_as_verbatim( I<directive_name> ) >>, C<<
23768 $parser->accept_directive_as_processed( I<directive_name> ) >>, C<<
23769 $parser->nbsp_for_S( I<BOOLEAN> ); >>, C<< $parser->version_report() >>,
23770 C<< $parser->pod_para_count() >>, C<< $parser->line_count() >>, C<<
23771 $parser->nix_X_codes( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->merge_text(
23772 I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->code_handler( I<CODE_REF> ) >>, C<<
23773 $parser->cut_handler( I<CODE_REF> ) >>, C<< $parser->whine(
23774 I<linenumber>, I<complaint string> ) >>, C<< $parser->scream(
23775 I<linenumber>, I<complaint string> ) >>, C<< $parser->source_dead(1) >>,
23776 C<< $parser->hide_line_numbers( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->no_whining(
23777 I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->no_errata_section( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<<
23778 $parser->complain_stderr( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->bare_output(
23779 I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->preserve_whitespace( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>
23783 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23789 =head2 Pod::Simple::Text -- format Pod as plaintext
23799 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23805 =head2 Pod::Simple::TextContent -- get the text content of Pod
23815 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23821 =head2 Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream -- turn Pod into XML
23831 =item ABOUT EXTENDING POD
23835 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23841 =head2 Pod::SimpleTree, Pod::Simple::SimpleTree -- parse Pod into a simple
23852 =item Tree Contents
23856 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
23862 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
23870 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
23874 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
23875 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s"
23883 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23887 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
23901 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23905 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
23920 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23924 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
23939 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23943 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
23952 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-sections>, C<-output>,
23953 C<-input>, C<-pathlist>, C<-noperldoc>
23961 =item Recommended Use
23969 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
23973 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
23981 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
23987 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
23991 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
23995 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
24003 a new namespace, an operator mask
24009 =item RECENT CHANGES
24011 =item Methods in class Safe
24013 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
24014 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
24015 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
24016 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
24018 =item Some Safety Issues
24020 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
24028 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
24036 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
24037 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
24038 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
24048 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
24058 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
24068 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
24078 =item The __DATA__ token
24080 =item SelfLoader autoloading
24082 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
24084 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
24086 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
24088 =item Classes and inherited methods.
24092 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
24096 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
24108 =item Escaping Magic Characters
24110 =item Configuration
24120 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
24121 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
24129 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
24130 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
24131 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
24132 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
24133 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
24137 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
24147 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
24151 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
24153 =item CODE REFERENCES
24155 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
24157 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
24159 =item ERROR REPORTING
24167 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
24168 I<serialized>, .., C<STORABLE_attach> I<class>, I<cloning>, I<serialized>
24172 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
24173 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
24181 =item Storable magic
24183 $info = Storable::file_magic( $filename ), C<version>, C<version_nv>,
24184 C<major>, C<minor>, C<hdrsize>, C<netorder>, C<byteorder>, C<intsize>,
24185 C<longsize>, C<ptrsize>, C<nvsize>, C<file>, $info = Storable::read_magic(
24186 $buffer ), $info = Storable::read_magic( $buffer, $must_be_file )
24196 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
24208 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
24222 =item Allowing fall-through
24224 =item Automating fall-through
24226 =item Alternative syntax
24228 =item Higher-order Operations
24244 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
24256 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
24268 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
24282 B<openlog($ident, $logopt, $facility)>, B<syslog($priority, $message)>,
24283 B<syslog($priority, $format, @args)>, B<Note>,
24284 B<setlogmask($mask_priority)>, B<setlogsock($sock_type)>,
24285 B<setlogsock($sock_type, $stream_location)> (added in 5.004_02),
24302 Invalid argument passed to setlogsock, no connection to syslog available,
24303 stream passed to setlogsock, but %s is not writable, stream passed to
24304 setlogsock, but could not find any device, tcp passed to setlogsock, but
24305 tcp service unavailable, syslog: expecting argument %s, syslog: invalid
24306 level/facility: %s, syslog: too many levels given: %s, syslog: too many
24307 facilities given: %s, syslog: level must be given, udp passed to
24308 setlogsock, but udp service unavailable, unix passed to setlogsock, but
24319 AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, RT: CPAN's request
24320 tracker, Search CPAN
24326 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3)
24341 B<openlog($ident, $logopt, $facility)>, B<syslog($priority, $message)>,
24342 B<syslog($priority, $format, @args)>, B<Note>,
24343 B<setlogmask($mask_priority)>, B<setlogsock($sock_type)>,
24344 B<setlogsock($sock_type, $stream_location)> (added in 5.004_02),
24361 Invalid argument passed to setlogsock, no connection to syslog available,
24362 stream passed to setlogsock, but %s is not writable, stream passed to
24363 setlogsock, but could not find any device, tcp passed to setlogsock, but
24364 tcp service unavailable, syslog: expecting argument %s, syslog: invalid
24365 level/facility: %s, syslog: too many levels given: %s, syslog: too many
24366 facilities given: %s, syslog: level must be given, udp passed to
24367 setlogsock, but udp service unavailable, unix passed to setlogsock, but
24378 AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, RT: CPAN's request
24379 tracker, Search CPAN
24385 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
24395 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
24396 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
24397 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
24401 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
24411 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
24415 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
24431 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
24433 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
24435 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
24437 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
24445 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
24453 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
24461 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
24471 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
24472 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
24480 =item Minimal set of supported functions
24482 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
24483 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
24485 =item Additional supported functions
24487 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
24497 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
24505 =item QUICK START GUIDE
24511 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
24512 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
24522 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
24528 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
24532 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
24544 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
24568 =item Setting up tests
24586 =item Running tests
24592 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
24594 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
24620 B<no_diag>, B<no_ending>, B<no_header>
24634 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
24638 =item Test Status and Info
24674 =head2 Test::Builder::Module - Base class for test modules
24696 =head2 Test::Builder::Tester - test testsuites that have been built with
24719 test_test, title (synonym 'name', 'label'), skip_out, skip_err
24737 =head2 Test::Builder::Tester::Color - turn on colour in
24738 Test::Builder::Tester
24758 =head2 Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
24776 =item Configuration variables.
24778 C<$Test::Harness::Verbose>, C<$Test::Harness::switches>,
24779 C<$Test::Harness::Timer>
24783 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
24810 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
24811 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
24812 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
24813 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
24815 =item ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES THAT TEST::HARNESS SETS
24817 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_VERSION>
24819 =item ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES THAT AFFECT TEST::HARNESS
24821 C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>, C<HARNESS_DEBUG>,
24822 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
24823 C<HARNESS_PERL>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
24839 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
24865 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
24883 =head2 Test::Harness::Point - object for tracking a single test point
24901 =item from_test_line( $line )
24913 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
24933 =item $strap->_init
24943 =item $strap->analyze( $name, \@output_lines )
24951 =item $strap->analyze_fh( $name, $test_filehandle )
24957 =item $strap->analyze_file( $test_file )
24963 =item $strap->_command_line( $file )
24969 =item $strap->_command()
24975 =item $strap->_switches( $file )
24981 =item $strap->_cleaned_switches( @switches_from_user )
24987 =item $strap->_INC2PERL5LIB
24993 =item $strap->_filtered_INC()
24999 =item $strap->_restore_PERL5LIB()
25009 =item C<_is_diagnostic>
25017 =item C<_is_header>
25023 =item C<_is_bail_out>
25029 =item C<_reset_file_state>
25045 =head2 Test::Harness::TAP - Documentation for the TAP format
25053 =item THE TAP FORMAT
25055 =item HARNESS BEHAVIOR
25057 =item TESTS LINES AND THE PLAN
25063 =item The test line
25065 C<ok> or C<not ok>, Test number, Description, Directive, ok/not ok
25066 (required), Test number (recommended), Description (recommended), Directive
25067 (only when necessary)
25077 =item Skipping tests
25089 =item Anything else
25097 =item Common with explanation
25099 =item Unknown amount and failures
25103 =item Skipping a few
25105 =item Skipping everything
25107 =item Got spare tuits?
25109 =item Creative liberties
25115 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
25121 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
25131 =item I love it when a plan comes together
25141 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
25173 =item Complex data structures
25189 =item Conditional tests
25195 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
25197 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
25209 =item Discouraged comparison functions
25221 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
25231 =item CAVEATS and NOTES
25233 Backwards compatibility, Overloaded objects, Threads, Test::Harness upgrade
25247 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
25271 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
25280 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
25288 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
25290 =item Where to start?
25294 =item Test the manual
25296 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
25298 =item Testing lots of values
25300 =item Informative names
25302 =item Skipping tests
25306 =item Testing with taint mode.
25318 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
25330 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
25340 =item General behaviour in list contexts
25344 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
25346 =item A note about prefixes
25348 =item C<extract_delimited>
25350 =item C<extract_bracketed>
25352 =item C<extract_variable>
25356 =item C<extract_tagged>
25358 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
25359 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
25361 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
25363 =item C<extract_quotelike>
25365 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
25367 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
25369 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
25371 =item C<extract_codeblock>
25373 =item C<extract_multiple>
25375 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
25381 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
25382 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
25383 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
25384 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
25385 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
25386 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
25387 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
25388 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
25389 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
25390 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
25391 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
25392 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
25397 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
25403 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
25418 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
25435 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
25450 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
25466 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
25478 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
25479 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
25480 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
25484 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
25492 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
25500 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
25502 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
25508 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
25516 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
25518 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
25522 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
25537 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
25547 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
25555 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
25556 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
25557 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
25558 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
25566 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
25586 =item Option Format
25590 =item Public Methods
25598 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
25604 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
25606 =item Deferred Writing
25610 =item Autodeferring
25614 =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
25620 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
25634 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
25643 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
25644 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
25645 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
25646 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
25648 =item MORE INFORMATION
25650 =item COMPATIBILITY
25654 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
25663 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
25664 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR
25667 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
25669 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
25671 =item C<SCALAR>, C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
25673 =item MORE INFORMATION
25677 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
25685 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
25695 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
25713 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
25722 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
25724 =item MORE INFORMATION
25728 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
25740 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
25749 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), nanosleep ( $nanoseconds ), ualarm (
25750 $useconds [, $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep (
25751 $floating_seconds ), alarm ( $floating_seconds [,
25752 $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer ( $which, $floating_seconds [,
25753 $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer ( $which ), clock_gettime (
25754 $which ), clock_getres ( $which ), clock_nanosleep ( $which, $seconds,
25755 $flags = 0), clock()
25765 =item negative time not invented yet
25767 =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
25777 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
25781 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
25791 =item Ambiguous Local Times (DST)
25793 =item Non-Existent Local Times (DST)
25795 =item Negative Epoch Values
25799 =item IMPLEMENTATION
25809 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
25824 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
25839 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
25851 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
25859 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< eval { VAL->isa(
25860 TYPE ) } >>, C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD )
25861 >>, C<< CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<< eval { VAL->can( METHOD ) } >>,
25862 C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
25868 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
25878 =item Constructor and Tailoring
25880 UCA_Version, alternate, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreChar,
25881 ignoreName, katakana_before_hiragana, level, normalization, overrideCJK,
25882 overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefChar, undefName,
25883 upper_before_lower, variable
25885 =item Methods for Collation
25887 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
25888 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
25889 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
25890 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
25891 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
25892 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
25893 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
25895 =item Methods for Searching
25897 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
25898 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
25899 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
25900 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
25901 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
25902 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
25903 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
25905 =item Other Methods
25907 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, C<$version =
25908 $Collator-E<gt>version()>, C<UCA_Version()>, C<Base_Unicode_Version()>
25918 Normalization, Conformance Test
25920 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
25924 Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation
25925 Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable
25926 Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15
25930 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
25940 =item Normalization Forms
25942 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
25943 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
25944 C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>, C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>,
25945 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
25947 =item Decomposition and Composition
25949 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
25950 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
25951 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
25955 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
25956 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
25957 checkFCD($string)>, C<$result = checkFCC($string)>, C<$result =
25958 check($form_name, $string)>
25960 =item Character Data
25962 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
25963 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
25964 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
25965 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
25966 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
25967 C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
25968 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
25976 Perl's version vs. Unicode version, Correction of decomposition mapping,
25977 Revised definition of canonical composition
25983 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/,
25984 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt,
25985 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/NormalizationCorrections.txt,
25986 http://www.unicode.org/review/pr-29.html, http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/
25990 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
26032 =item Blocks versus Scripts
26034 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
26036 =item Code Point Arguments
26068 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
26074 =item Implementation Note
26086 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
26101 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
26112 =item System Specifics
26126 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
26138 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
26140 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
26144 =item Order of initialization: early load()
26148 =item The most hairy case
26154 Can't find '%s' symbol in %s, Can't load '%s' for module %s: %s, Undefined
26155 symbols present after loading %s: %s, XSLoader::load('Your::Module',
26156 $Your::Module::VERSION)
26170 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
26172 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
26173 don't all have manual pages yet:
26207 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles