4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
21 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
22 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
23 Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
24 implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
25 expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
41 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/03/25
46 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
47 About Perl, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L<perlfaq3>:
48 Programming Tools, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, L<perlfaq5>: Files and
49 Formats, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues,
50 L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, L<perlfaq9>: Networking
54 =item Where to get this document
56 =item How to contribute to this document
58 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
65 =item Author and Copyright Information
69 =item Noncommercial Reproduction
71 =item Commercial Reproduction
79 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97
81 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.11 $, $Date:
82 1997/03/19 17:23:09 $)
90 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
92 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
94 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
96 =item How stable is Perl?
98 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
100 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
103 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
105 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
107 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
109 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
111 =item What is a JAPH?
113 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
115 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
116 (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
120 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
122 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.15 $,
123 $Date: 1997/03/25 18:15:48 $)
129 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
131 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
133 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
135 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
138 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
139 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
141 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
142 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
144 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
146 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
148 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
150 =item Where should I post source code?
154 =item Perl in Magazines
156 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
158 =item What mailing lists are there for perl?
160 MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
162 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
166 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
168 =item Where do I send bug reports?
170 =item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
172 =item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
176 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
178 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 1997/03/19
185 =item How do I do (anything)?
187 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
189 =item Is there a Perl shell?
191 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
193 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
195 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
197 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
199 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
201 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
203 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
205 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
207 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
209 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
211 =item Can I dynamically load C routines into Perl?
213 =item What is undump?
215 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
217 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
219 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
221 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
223 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
225 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
227 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
229 =item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,Windows NT,...]?
231 =item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
233 =item Why don't perl one-liners work on my MS-DOS/Macintosh/VMS system?
235 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
237 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
239 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
241 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
242 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
244 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
247 =item What's MakeMaker?
251 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
253 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/03/25
262 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
264 =item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()?
267 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
269 =item How do I multiply matrices?
271 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
273 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
275 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
283 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
285 =item How can I compare two date strings?
287 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
289 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
291 =item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
299 =item How do I validate input?
301 =item How do I unescape a string?
303 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
305 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
307 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
309 =item How do I reverse a string?
311 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
313 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
315 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
317 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
319 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
322 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
324 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
325 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
327 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
329 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
331 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
333 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
335 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
337 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
339 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
340 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
349 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
351 =item How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
353 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:, b) If you don't know
354 whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:,
355 d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in
356 contains only small positive integers:
358 =item How can I tell whether an array contains a certain element?
360 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
361 intersection of two arrays?
363 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
365 =item How do I handle linked lists?
367 =item How do I handle circular lists?
369 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
371 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
373 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
375 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
377 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
379 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
381 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
385 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
389 =item How do I process an entire hash?
391 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
394 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
396 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
398 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
400 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
402 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
404 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
406 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
408 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
410 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
412 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
414 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
417 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash
418 or array of hashes or arrays?
420 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
428 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
430 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
432 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
434 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
436 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
438 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
442 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
444 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 1997/03/19
451 =item How do I flush/unbuffer a filehandle? Why must I do this?
453 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
454 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
456 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
458 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
460 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
462 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
463 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
465 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
467 =item How can I write() into a string?
469 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
471 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
473 =item How come when I open the file read-write it wipes it out?
475 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
477 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
479 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
481 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
483 =item How can I lock a file?
485 =item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
487 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number
488 in the file. How can I do this?
490 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
492 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
494 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
496 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
498 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
500 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
502 =item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
504 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
506 =item How do I create a file only if it doesn't exist?
508 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
510 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
512 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
514 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in MS-DOS paths? What doesn't
515 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
517 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
519 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
520 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
522 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
526 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
528 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 1997/03/25 18:16:56 $)
534 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
535 and unmaintainable code?
537 Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
540 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
542 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
545 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
547 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
550 =item How can I make C<\w> match accented characters?
552 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
554 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
556 =item What is C</o> really for?
558 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
561 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
563 =item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
565 =item How do I process each word on each line?
567 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
569 =item How can I do approximate matching?
571 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
573 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
575 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
577 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
579 =item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
581 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
583 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
587 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
589 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date:
590 1997/03/19 17:25:23 $)
596 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
598 =item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
601 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
604 =item How do I skip some return values?
606 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
608 =item What's an extension?
610 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
612 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
614 =item How do I create a module?
616 =item How do I create a class?
618 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
620 =item What's a closure?
622 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
625 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps,
628 =item How do I create a static variable?
630 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
631 Between local() and my()?
633 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
636 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
638 =item Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
640 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
642 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
644 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
646 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
648 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
650 =item How can I find out my current package?
654 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
656 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/03/25
663 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
665 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
667 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
669 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
671 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
673 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
675 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
677 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
679 =item How do I start a process in the background?
681 STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
683 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
685 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
687 =item How do I set the time and date?
689 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
691 =item How can I measure time under a second?
693 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
695 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
696 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
698 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
700 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
702 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
704 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
706 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
708 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
710 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
712 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
714 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
716 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
719 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
721 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
723 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
725 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
728 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
729 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
730 changes to be visible?
734 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
737 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
739 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
741 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
743 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
745 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
747 =item How do I set CPU limits?
749 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
751 =item How do I use an SQL database?
753 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
755 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
757 =item How do I install a CPAN module?
761 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
763 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 1997/03/25 18:17:20
770 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
773 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
775 =item How do I extract URLs?
777 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
778 file on another machine?
780 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
782 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
784 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
786 =item How do I redirect to another page?
788 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
790 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
792 =item How do I parse an email header?
794 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
796 =item How do I check a valid email address?
798 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
800 =item How do I return the user's email address?
802 =item How do I send/read mail?
804 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
806 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
808 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
810 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
814 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
816 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
820 =item Supported Environments
826 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
828 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
830 =item More precise warnings
832 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
834 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
836 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
838 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
840 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
842 =item Changes to tainting checks
844 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
846 =item Embedding improvements
848 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
850 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
852 =item New and changed builtin variables
856 =item New and changed builtin functions
858 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
859 Control Structures, unpack() and pack(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION
860 LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//g> does not trigger a
861 pos() reset on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested
862 C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
864 =item New builtin methods
866 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
868 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
870 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this,
871 GETC this, DESTROY this
873 =item Malloc enhancements
875 -DDEBUGGING_MSTATS, -DEMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
877 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
883 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
884 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
890 =item Installation directories
892 =item Module information summary
906 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
910 =item Utility Changes
916 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
920 =item C Language API Changes
922 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, Extended API for manipulating hashes
924 =item Documentation Changes
926 L<perldelta>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, L<perldebug>,
929 =item New Diagnostics
931 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
932 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
933 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
934 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
935 Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot
936 resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine
937 %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return
938 a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Illegal character %s
939 (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex
940 number, Integer overflow in octal number, Name "%s::%s" used only once:
941 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
942 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, Possible attempt to put
943 comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas,
944 Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving
945 method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for "B<-T>" option,
946 untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
947 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Value of %s can be "0"; test with
948 defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay
949 shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in
950 prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX,
951 PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s
959 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
971 =item Scalar value constructors
973 =item List value constructors
975 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
979 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
987 =item Simple statements
989 =item Compound statements
997 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1001 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1003 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1007 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1015 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1017 =item The Arrow Operator
1019 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1021 =item Exponentiation
1023 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1025 =item Binding Operators
1027 =item Multiplicative Operators
1029 =item Additive Operators
1031 =item Shift Operators
1033 =item Named Unary Operators
1035 =item Relational Operators
1037 =item Equality Operators
1041 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1043 =item C-style Logical And
1045 =item C-style Logical Or
1047 =item Range Operator
1049 =item Conditional Operator
1051 =item Assignment Operators
1053 =item Comma Operator
1055 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1061 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
1063 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1065 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1067 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1069 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1071 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1072 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1073 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1074 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
1078 =item Constant Folding
1080 =item Integer Arithmetic
1082 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1086 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1094 =item Regular Expressions
1096 (?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
1100 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1102 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
1106 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1114 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1116 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
1120 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
1121 B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1122 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1123 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1124 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1125 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
1131 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB,
1132 PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1134 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1138 I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
1142 =item Perl Functions by Category
1144 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1145 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1146 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1147 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1148 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1149 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1150 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1151 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1152 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1153 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1156 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1158 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1159 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1160 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1161 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1162 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1163 close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
1164 cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE,
1165 defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
1166 SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (),
1167 eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR,
1168 exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
1169 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE, LIST, getc
1170 FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid,
1171 getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME,
1172 getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
1173 getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr
1174 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1175 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1176 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1177 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1178 endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt
1179 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR,
1180 goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index
1181 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1182 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last
1183 LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link
1184 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log
1185 EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1186 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
1187 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no
1188 Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1189 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, pipe
1190 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
1191 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
1192 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
1193 qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
1194 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir
1195 DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo
1196 LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require,
1197 reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
1198 rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
1199 scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
1200 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
1201 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1202 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1203 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1204 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1205 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1206 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1207 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1208 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1209 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1210 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1211 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1212 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET,
1213 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
1214 sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1215 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, system
1216 LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite
1217 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1218 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1219 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1220 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1221 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use
1222 Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec
1223 EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write
1224 FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1228 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1234 =item Predefined Names
1236 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1237 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
1238 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1239 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
1240 $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1241 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
1242 $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1243 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1244 format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1245 format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
1246 EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1247 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1248 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1249 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1250 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1251 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1252 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1253 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME,
1254 $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
1255 $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}, $^M
1259 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1267 =item Private Variables via my()
1269 =item Temporary Values via local()
1271 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1273 =item Pass by Reference
1277 =item Constant Functions
1279 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
1287 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages)
1297 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1307 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1311 =item Pragmatic Modules
1313 blib, diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap,
1314 strict, subs, vmsish, vars
1316 =item Standard Modules
1318 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
1319 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Template, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
1320 DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
1321 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
1322 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
1323 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fcntl,
1324 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find,
1325 File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
1326 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle,
1327 IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
1328 Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, NDBM_File, Net::Ping,
1329 Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text,
1330 POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
1331 Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
1332 Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords,
1333 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
1334 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
1335 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
1337 =item Extension Modules
1343 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1344 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1345 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1346 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1347 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1348 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1349 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1350 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1351 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1352 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1353 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1354 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1355 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
1358 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1362 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1364 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1365 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1366 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1367 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1368 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1369 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1370 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1371 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1372 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1373 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1374 care when changing a released module
1376 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1378 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
1379 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
1380 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
1381 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
1383 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1385 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
1386 applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
1387 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
1388 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
1389 can then be reduced to a small
1393 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1399 =item Format Variables
1409 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1415 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1420 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1426 =item The use locale pragma
1428 =item The setlocale function
1430 =item The localeconv function
1434 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1438 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1440 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1442 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1444 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1448 =item Other categories
1454 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
1455 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
1456 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
1457 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
1458 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
1459 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
1460 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
1461 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
1462 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
1467 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
1474 =item Backward compatibility
1476 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1478 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1480 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1482 =item Freely available locale definitions
1486 =item An imperfect standard
1494 =item Broken systems
1502 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1508 =item Symbolic references
1510 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1518 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
1522 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
1523 more elaborate constructs
1527 =item COMMON MISTAKES
1529 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
1531 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
1537 =item LISTS OF LISTS
1541 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
1543 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
1545 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
1549 =item HASHES OF LISTS
1553 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
1555 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
1557 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
1561 =item LISTS OF HASHES
1565 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
1567 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
1569 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
1573 =item HASHES OF HASHES
1577 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
1579 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
1581 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
1585 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1589 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1591 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1593 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1603 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
1607 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
1609 =item Growing Your Own
1611 =item Access and Printing
1619 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1623 =item Creating a Class
1627 =item Object Representation
1629 =item Class Interface
1631 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1633 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1637 =item Other Object Methods
1645 =item Accessing Class Data
1647 =item Debugging Methods
1649 =item Class Destructors
1651 =item Documenting the Interface
1661 =item Overridden Methods
1663 =item Multiple Inheritance
1665 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1669 =item Alternate Object Representations
1673 =item Arrays as Objects
1675 =item Closures as Objects
1679 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1683 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1685 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1689 =item Metaclassical Tools
1693 =item Class::Template
1695 =item Data Members as Variables
1699 =item Object Terminology
1709 =item Acknowledgments
1713 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1719 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1721 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1723 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1725 =item Method Invocation
1727 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1729 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1737 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1743 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1753 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
1757 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1762 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1763 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1764 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
1766 =item Tying FileHandles
1768 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this,
1769 GETC this, DESTROY this
1771 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1781 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1785 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1787 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1789 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1791 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1793 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1795 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1797 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1799 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1801 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1803 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1807 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1808 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1816 =item Using open() for IPC
1822 =item Background Processes
1824 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1826 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1828 =item Bidirectional Communication
1832 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1836 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1838 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1840 =item UDP: Message Passing
1856 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1860 =item The Perl Debugger
1864 =item Debugger Commands
1866 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1867 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
1868 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
1869 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1870 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1871 command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C<recallCommand>,
1872 C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>,
1873 C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
1874 C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>,
1875 C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<quote>,
1876 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
1877 C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command, E<gt> command,
1878 E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, !
1879 pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, = [alias value],
1880 command, m expr, m package
1882 =item Debugger input/output
1884 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
1886 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1888 =item Debugger Customization
1890 =item Readline Support
1892 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1894 =item The Perl Profiler
1896 =item Debugger support in perl
1898 =item Debugger Internals
1900 =item Other resources
1906 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
1910 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
1916 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
1918 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
1920 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
1924 =item Protecting Your Programs
1928 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
1944 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
1946 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
1947 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
1948 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
1949 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
1951 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
1953 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
1954 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
1955 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
1959 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
1961 =item Numerical Traps
1963 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
1965 =item General data type traps
1967 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
1968 (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
1970 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
1972 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
1974 =item Precedence Traps
1976 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
1979 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
1981 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
1982 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
1983 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
1985 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
1987 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
1993 =item Interpolation Traps
1995 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
1996 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2002 =item Unclassified Traps
2008 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
2012 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
2016 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2018 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
2024 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
2028 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2036 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
2037 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
2041 =item Compiling your C program
2043 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2045 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2047 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2049 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
2051 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2053 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2055 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2057 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2068 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2074 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
2075 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
2076 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
2077 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
2078 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(s,f)>,
2079 B<PerlIO_putc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
2080 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
2081 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
2082 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
2083 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
2087 =item Co-existence with stdio
2089 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
2090 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
2091 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
2092 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
2093 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
2094 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
2098 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2108 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
2110 =item The Argument Stack
2112 =item The RETVAL Variable
2114 =item The MODULE Keyword
2116 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
2118 =item The PREFIX Keyword
2120 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
2122 =item The CODE: Keyword
2124 =item The INIT: Keyword
2126 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
2128 =item Initializing Function Parameters
2130 =item Default Parameter Values
2132 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
2134 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
2136 =item The INPUT: Keyword
2138 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
2140 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
2142 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
2144 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
2146 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
2148 =item The BOOT: Keyword
2150 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
2152 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
2154 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
2156 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
2158 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
2160 =item The CASE: Keyword
2162 =item The & Unary Operator
2164 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
2166 =item Using XS With C++
2168 =item Interface Strategy
2170 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
2182 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
2188 =item VERSION CAVEAT
2190 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
2196 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
2198 =item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
2202 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
2204 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
2206 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
2208 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
2214 =item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
2216 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
2218 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
2220 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
2222 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
2224 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
2234 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
2244 =item What is an "IV"?
2246 =item Working with SVs
2248 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
2250 =item Working with AVs
2252 =item Working with HVs
2254 =item Hash API Extensions
2258 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
2260 =item Creating New Variables
2262 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
2264 =item Stashes and Globs
2266 =item Double-Typed SVs
2268 =item Magic Variables
2270 =item Assigning Magic
2272 =item Magic Virtual Tables
2282 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
2284 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
2286 =item Memory Allocation
2290 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
2294 =item Scratchpads and recursion
2304 =item Examining the tree
2306 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
2308 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
2310 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
2312 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
2318 AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
2319 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
2320 DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
2321 dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
2322 GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
2323 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH,
2324 HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
2325 hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent,
2326 hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv,
2327 hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
2328 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
2329 isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
2330 mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
2331 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
2332 newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
2333 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
2334 perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_free,
2335 perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
2336 perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
2337 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
2338 saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
2339 strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
2340 sv_catpvn, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_dec,
2341 SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
2342 SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
2343 sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
2344 SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
2345 SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
2346 SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
2347 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
2348 sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, SvSTASH,
2349 SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE,
2350 SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref, sv_usepvn,
2351 sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XS,
2352 XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV,
2353 XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO,
2354 XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
2360 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
2364 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
2366 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
2368 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
2388 =item Determining the Context
2392 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
2398 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
2400 =item Passing Parameters
2402 =item Returning a Scalar
2404 =item Returning a list of values
2406 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
2408 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
2412 =item Using G_KEEPERR
2414 =item Using perl_call_sv
2416 =item Using perl_call_argv
2418 =item Using perl_call_method
2422 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
2424 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
2426 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
2427 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
2430 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
2440 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
2442 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
2456 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
2466 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
2474 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
2482 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
2491 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
2493 =item The I<splain> Program
2505 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
2512 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
2518 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
2526 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
2528 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
2530 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
2538 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
2545 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
2553 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
2557 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
2563 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
2565 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
2567 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
2569 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
2571 =item Overloadable Operations
2573 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
2574 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
2575 and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
2577 =item Inheritance and overloading
2579 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
2580 is inherited by derived classes
2584 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
2592 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
2594 =item Copy Constructor
2600 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
2602 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
2603 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
2604 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
2608 =item Run-time Overloading
2610 =item Public functions
2612 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
2614 =item IMPLEMENTATION
2622 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
2632 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
2634 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
2638 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
2642 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
2648 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
2654 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
2656 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
2662 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
2668 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
2670 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
2678 =item DBM Comparisons
2686 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
2694 =item Subroutine Stubs
2696 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2698 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2700 =item Package Lexicals
2702 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
2710 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
2720 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
2732 =item Standard Exports
2734 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
2735 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
2736 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]] )
2738 =item Optional Exports
2740 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
2752 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
2754 =head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
2764 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
2776 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
2778 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
2780 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
2782 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
2784 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
2786 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
2788 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
2790 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
2792 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
2794 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
2796 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
2798 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
2800 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
2802 =item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
2804 =item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
2806 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
2808 =item CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
2810 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
2812 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
2816 =item CREATING FORMS:
2820 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
2822 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
2824 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
2826 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
2830 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
2832 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
2834 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
2838 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
2840 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
2844 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
2848 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
2852 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
2856 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
2860 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
2862 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
2864 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
2868 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
2870 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
2872 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
2874 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
2878 =item NETSCAPE COOKIES
2880 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
2881 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
2883 =item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
2885 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
2886 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
2893 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
2897 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2899 B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
2900 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
2901 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
2902 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
2903 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
2906 =item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS:
2910 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
2912 =item Generating new HTML tags
2916 =item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
2918 B<cgi>, B<form>, B<html2>, B<html3>, B<netscape>, B<shortcuts>,
2921 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
2923 In the B<use> statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be
2924 imported into your script:, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using
2925 B<-nph> parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
2927 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
2931 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
2932 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
2933 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
2934 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
2935 Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
2936 Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
2937 Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
2938 (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
2939 Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
2940 (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
2941 (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
2943 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
2949 =head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
2961 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
2968 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
2970 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
2978 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
2984 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
2986 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
2988 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
2990 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
2994 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3000 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
3006 =item USING CGI::Push
3008 -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
3010 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
3014 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3020 =head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
3031 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
3039 =item Interactive Mode
3041 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
3042 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
3051 =item The 4 Classes: Authors, Bundles, Modules, Distributions
3053 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
3055 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
3065 =item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
3071 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
3072 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
3073 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
3086 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
3092 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
3101 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
3107 =head2 Class::Template - struct/member template builder
3115 Example 1, Example 2
3119 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
3125 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
3133 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
3139 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB
3145 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
3149 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
3151 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
3153 =item Default Parameters
3155 =item In Memory Databases
3163 =item A Simple Example
3171 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
3173 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
3175 =item The get_dup() Method
3177 =item Matching Partial Keys
3185 =item The 'bval' Option
3187 =item A Simple Example
3191 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
3192 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
3194 =item Another Example
3198 =item THE API INTERFACE
3200 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
3201 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
3202 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
3203 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
3205 =item HINTS AND TIPS
3209 =item Locking Databases
3211 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
3213 =item The untie() Gotcha
3217 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
3221 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
3223 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
3225 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
3227 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
3241 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
3247 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
3253 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
3259 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
3260 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
3261 dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
3262 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
3267 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
3274 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
3282 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
3290 =item Selecting What To Export
3292 =item Specialised Import Lists
3294 =item Module Version Checking
3296 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
3298 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
3302 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
3309 cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
3310 source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
3311 directory.., test_f file
3319 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
3329 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
3330 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
3338 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
3344 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
3350 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
3356 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
3366 =item VMS implementation
3372 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3379 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
3389 =item Preloaded methods
3391 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
3393 =item SelfLoaded methods
3395 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
3396 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
3397 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
3398 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
3399 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
3401 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
3403 force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others,
3404 install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o),
3405 makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
3406 maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru
3407 (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
3408 post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
3409 (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
3410 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
3411 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
3412 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
3418 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3427 =item Methods always loaded
3429 eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
3430 rootdir (override), updir (override)
3432 =item SelfLoaded methods
3434 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
3435 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
3436 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
3437 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
3438 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
3439 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
3440 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
3441 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
3442 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
3443 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
3444 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
3445 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
3446 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
3447 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
3452 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3459 catfile, static_lib (o), dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script,
3460 pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override), tools_other
3461 (o), manifypods (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
3463 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
3471 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
3473 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
3481 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
3485 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
3487 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
3489 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
3491 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
3493 C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
3494 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC,
3495 INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
3496 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
3497 INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
3498 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
3499 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
3500 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
3501 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
3502 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
3505 =item Additional lowercase attributes
3507 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
3510 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
3512 =item Hintsfile support
3514 =item Distribution Support
3516 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
3517 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
3518 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
3526 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
3536 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
3540 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
3541 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
3547 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
3555 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
3561 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
3568 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
3574 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
3580 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
3588 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
3590 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
3596 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
3600 C<basename>, C<dirname>
3602 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
3608 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
3618 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
3626 =item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)
3628 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
3636 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
3642 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
3652 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
3662 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
3670 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
3676 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
3680 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
3686 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
3696 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
3708 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
3715 E<lt>noneE<gt>, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f
3719 =item Linkage specification
3721 =item Aliases and abbreviations
3723 =item Non-option call-back routine
3725 =item Option starters
3735 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
3737 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
3738 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
3739 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
3740 reset), debug (default: reset)
3742 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
3744 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
3746 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
3753 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
3760 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
3766 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3774 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3778 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3784 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
3792 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3796 $fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->write ( BUF,
3797 LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->opened, $fh->untaint
3807 =head2 IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3815 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3819 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
3827 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
3837 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
3849 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
3850 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
3851 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
3859 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
3871 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
3878 =item IO::Socket::INET
3882 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
3885 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
3889 hostpath(), peerpath()
3899 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3907 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3911 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3917 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
3926 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3930 $fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->write ( BUF,
3931 LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->opened, $fh->untaint
3941 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3949 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3953 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
3961 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
3972 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
3985 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
3986 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
3987 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
3995 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
4008 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4015 =item IO::Socket::INET
4019 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4022 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4026 hostpath(), peerpath()
4036 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
4046 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
4055 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
4061 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
4067 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
4073 Canonical notation, Input, Output
4081 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
4092 =item STRINGIFICATION
4102 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
4108 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
4112 =item SIMPLE ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
4116 =item ANGLE CONVERSIONS
4118 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
4124 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
4134 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
4135 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
4143 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
4156 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
4169 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
4180 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
4193 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
4199 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
4209 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
4211 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
4212 or optag, an operator set (opset)
4214 =item Opcode Functions
4216 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
4217 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
4218 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
4221 =item Manipulating Opsets
4225 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
4227 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
4228 :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
4229 :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
4235 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
4242 a new namespace, an operator mask
4248 =item RECENT CHANGES
4250 =item Methods in class Safe
4252 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4253 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4254 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4255 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4257 =item Some Safety Issues
4259 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4265 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
4274 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
4286 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
4287 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
4288 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
4289 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
4290 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
4291 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
4292 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
4293 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
4294 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
4295 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
4296 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
4297 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
4298 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
4299 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
4300 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
4301 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
4302 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
4303 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
4304 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
4305 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
4306 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
4307 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
4308 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
4309 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
4310 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
4311 wcstombs, wctomb, write
4317 =item POSIX::SigAction
4323 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
4325 =item POSIX::Termios
4327 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
4328 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
4329 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
4330 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
4331 values, c_oflag field values
4335 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
4339 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
4343 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
4401 =head2 Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML
4409 help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
4410 nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
4422 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
4432 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
4438 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
4444 a new namespace, an operator mask
4450 =item RECENT CHANGES
4452 =item Methods in class Safe
4454 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4455 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4456 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4457 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4459 =item Some Safety Issues
4461 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4467 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
4473 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
4479 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
4487 =item The __DATA__ token
4489 =item SelfLoader autoloading
4491 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
4493 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
4495 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
4497 =item Classes and inherited methods.
4501 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
4503 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
4511 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
4512 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
4518 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
4519 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
4520 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
4521 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
4522 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
4524 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
4530 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
4538 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
4539 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
4545 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
4546 setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog
4556 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
4564 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
4570 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
4578 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
4579 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
4585 =item Minimal set of supported functions
4587 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
4588 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
4590 =item Additional supported functions
4596 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
4604 =item The test script output
4612 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
4613 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
4614 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
4623 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
4631 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens
4639 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
4652 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
4663 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
4675 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
4681 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
4682 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
4686 =item MORE INFORMATION
4688 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
4702 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
4709 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
4711 =item MORE INFORMATION
4713 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
4721 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
4727 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
4738 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
4749 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
4757 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
4763 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( VAL, TYPE ),
4766 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
4777 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
4788 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
4790 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
4791 don't all have manual pages yet:
4813 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob