2 # !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
3 # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
4 # Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
8 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
12 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
13 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
14 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
16 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
18 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
30 =item Reference Manual
32 =item Internals and C Language Interface
36 =item Language-Specific
38 =item Platform-Specific
62 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
72 =item Running Perl programs
74 =item Basic syntax overview
76 =item Perl variable types
78 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
80 =item Variable scoping
82 =item Conditional and looping constructs
84 if, while, for, foreach
86 =item Builtin operators and functions
88 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
93 =item Regular expressions
95 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
96 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
98 =item Writing subroutines
102 =item Using Perl modules
110 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
116 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
124 =item Making References
126 =item Using References
144 =item Distribution Conditions
150 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
156 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
157 more elaborate constructs
161 =item COMMON MISTAKES
163 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
165 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
171 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
175 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
177 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
179 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
183 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
187 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
189 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
191 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
195 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
199 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
201 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
203 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
207 =item HASHES OF HASHES
211 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
213 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
215 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
219 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
223 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
225 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
227 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
239 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
247 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
249 =item Growing Your Own
251 =item Access and Printing
263 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
273 =item Simple word matching
275 =item Using character classes
277 =item Matching this or that
279 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
281 =item Extracting matches
283 =item Matching repetitions
287 =item Search and replace
289 =item The split operator
297 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
301 =item Acknowledgments
307 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
313 =item Part 1: The basics
317 =item Simple word matching
319 =item Using character classes
321 =item Matching this or that
323 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
325 =item Extracting matches
327 =item Matching repetitions
329 =item Building a regexp
331 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
335 =item Part 2: Power tools
339 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
341 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
343 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
345 =item Non-capturing groupings
347 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
349 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
351 =item Conditional expressions
353 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
355 =item Pragmas and debugging
363 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
367 =item Acknowledgments
373 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
381 =item If we could talk to the animals...
383 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
385 =item Invoking a barnyard
387 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
389 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
391 =item Inheriting the windpipes
393 =item A few notes about @ISA
395 =item Overriding the methods
397 =item Starting the search from a different place
399 =item The SUPER way of doing things
401 =item Where we're at so far...
403 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
405 =item Invoking an instance method
407 =item Accessing the instance data
409 =item How to build a horse
411 =item Inheriting the constructor
413 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
415 =item Adding parameters to a method
417 =item More interesting instances
419 =item A horse of a different color
431 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
437 =item Creating a Class
441 =item Object Representation
443 =item Class Interface
445 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
447 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
451 =item Other Object Methods
459 =item Accessing Class Data
461 =item Debugging Methods
463 =item Class Destructors
465 =item Documenting the Interface
475 =item Overridden Methods
477 =item Multiple Inheritance
479 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
483 =item Alternate Object Representations
487 =item Arrays as Objects
489 =item Closures as Objects
493 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
497 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
499 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
503 =item Metaclassical Tools
509 =item Data Members as Variables
517 =item Object Terminology
523 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
529 =item Acknowledgments
535 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
541 =item Class Data in a Can
543 =item Class Data as Package Variables
547 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
549 =item Inheritance Concerns
551 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
553 =item Indirect References to Class Data
555 =item Monadic Classes
557 =item Translucent Attributes
561 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
565 =item Privacy and Responsibility
567 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
569 =item More Inheritance Concerns
571 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
573 =item Translucency Revisited
581 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
583 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
589 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
595 =item OO SCALING TIPS
597 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
599 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
601 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
603 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
605 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
607 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
609 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
611 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
613 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
621 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
629 =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
641 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
649 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
667 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
669 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
670 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
671 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
672 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
674 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
676 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
677 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
678 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
682 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
684 =item Numerical Traps
686 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
688 =item General data type traps
690 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
691 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
693 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
695 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
697 =item Precedence Traps
699 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
702 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
704 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
705 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
706 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
708 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
710 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
716 =item Interpolation Traps
718 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
719 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
725 =item Unclassified Traps
727 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
734 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
742 =item Looking at data and -w and v
746 =item Stepping through code
748 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
750 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
768 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31
777 =item Where to get the perlfaq
779 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
781 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
788 =item Author and Copyright Information
792 =item Bundled Distributions
798 =item Table of Contents
800 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
801 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
802 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
803 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
804 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
810 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
812 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
814 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
816 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
818 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
820 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
822 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
824 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
826 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
832 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date:
833 2003/11/23 08:02:29 $)
843 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
845 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
847 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
853 =item How stable is Perl?
855 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
857 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
860 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
862 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
864 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
866 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
868 =item What is a JAPH?
870 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
872 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
873 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
877 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
881 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.25 $,
882 $Date: 2003/10/16 04:57:38 $)
890 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
892 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
894 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
896 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
899 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
900 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
902 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
903 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
905 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
907 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
909 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
911 =item Where should I post source code?
915 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
917 =item Perl in Magazines
919 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
921 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
923 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
925 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
927 =item Where do I send bug reports?
929 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
933 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
937 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.37 $, $Date: 2003/11/24
946 =item How do I do (anything)?
948 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
950 =item Is there a Perl shell?
952 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
954 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
956 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
958 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
960 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
962 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
964 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
966 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
967 GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
968 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
970 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
972 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
974 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
976 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
978 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
980 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
982 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
984 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
985 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
987 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
989 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
991 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
993 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
995 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
997 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
999 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
1001 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
1003 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
1005 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
1007 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
1009 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
1011 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
1012 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
1014 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
1016 =item What's MakeMaker?
1020 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1024 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.54 $, $Date: 2003/11/30
1035 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
1036 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
1038 =item Why is int() broken?
1040 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
1042 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
1045 =item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
1047 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
1048 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
1049 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
1050 from decimal to binary
1052 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
1054 =item How do I multiply matrices?
1056 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
1058 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
1060 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
1062 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
1070 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
1072 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
1074 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
1076 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
1078 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
1080 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
1082 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
1090 =item How do I validate input?
1092 =item How do I unescape a string?
1094 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
1096 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
1098 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
1100 =item How do I reverse a string?
1102 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
1104 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
1106 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
1108 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1110 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
1113 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
1115 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
1118 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
1120 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
1122 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
1124 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
1126 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
1128 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
1130 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
1132 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
1133 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
1142 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
1144 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
1146 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
1150 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
1153 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
1154 intersection of two arrays?
1156 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
1158 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
1160 =item How do I handle linked lists?
1162 =item How do I handle circular lists?
1164 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
1166 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
1168 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
1170 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
1172 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
1174 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
1176 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
1180 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
1184 =item How do I process an entire hash?
1186 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
1189 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
1191 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
1193 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
1195 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
1197 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
1199 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
1201 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
1203 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
1205 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
1207 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
1209 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
1212 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
1213 array of hashes or arrays?
1215 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
1223 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
1225 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
1227 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
1229 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
1231 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
1233 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
1235 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
1239 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1243 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.30 $, $Date: 2003/11/23
1252 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
1254 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
1255 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
1257 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
1259 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
1261 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
1263 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
1265 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
1266 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
1268 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
1270 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
1272 =item How can I write() into a string?
1274 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
1276 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
1278 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
1280 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
1283 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
1285 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
1287 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
1289 =item How can I lock a file?
1291 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
1293 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
1294 the file. How can I do this?
1296 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
1297 file. Do I still have to use locking?
1299 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
1301 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
1303 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
1305 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
1307 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
1309 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
1311 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
1313 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
1315 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
1317 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
1319 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
1321 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
1322 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
1324 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
1326 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
1327 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
1329 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
1331 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
1335 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1339 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03
1348 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
1349 and unmaintainable code?
1351 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
1353 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
1355 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
1358 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
1360 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
1363 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
1365 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
1367 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
1369 =item What is C</o> really for?
1371 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
1374 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
1376 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
1378 =item How do I process each word on each line?
1380 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
1382 =item How can I do approximate matching?
1384 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
1386 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
1388 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
1390 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
1392 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
1394 =item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
1396 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
1398 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
1402 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1406 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date:
1407 2003/07/24 02:17:21 $)
1415 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
1417 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
1420 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
1423 =item How do I skip some return values?
1425 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
1427 =item What's an extension?
1429 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
1431 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
1433 =item How do I create a module?
1435 =item How do I create a class?
1437 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
1439 =item What's a closure?
1441 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
1443 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
1446 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
1449 =item How do I create a static variable?
1451 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
1452 Between local() and my()?
1454 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
1457 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
1459 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
1461 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
1463 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
1465 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
1467 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
1470 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1472 =item How can I find out my current package?
1474 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
1476 =item How do I clear a package?
1478 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
1480 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
1484 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1488 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
1497 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
1499 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
1501 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
1503 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
1505 =item How do I print something out in color?
1507 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
1509 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
1511 =item How do I clear the screen?
1513 =item How do I get the screen size?
1515 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
1517 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
1519 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
1521 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
1523 =item How do I start a process in the background?
1525 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
1527 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
1529 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
1531 =item How do I set the time and date?
1533 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
1535 =item How can I measure time under a second?
1537 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
1539 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
1540 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
1542 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
1544 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
1546 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1548 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1550 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1552 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1554 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1556 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1558 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1560 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1563 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1565 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1567 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1569 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1572 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
1573 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
1574 changes to be visible?
1578 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1581 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1583 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1585 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1587 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1589 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1591 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1593 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1595 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1597 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1599 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1601 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1603 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1606 =item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
1608 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1612 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1616 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57
1625 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
1627 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1630 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1632 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1634 =item How do I extract URLs?
1636 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1637 file on another machine?
1639 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
1641 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1643 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1645 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1647 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1649 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1651 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1653 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1654 CGI script to do bad things?
1656 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1658 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1660 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1662 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1664 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1666 =item How do I send mail?
1668 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
1670 =item How do I read mail?
1672 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
1674 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1676 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1678 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1682 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1686 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1698 =item Simple Statements
1700 =item Truth and Falsehood
1702 =item Statement Modifiers
1704 =item Compound Statements
1712 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1716 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1718 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1724 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1732 =item Variable names
1738 =item Scalar value constructors
1740 =item List value constructors
1746 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1754 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1762 =item Operator Precedence and Associativity
1764 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1766 =item The Arrow Operator
1768 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1770 =item Exponentiation
1772 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1774 =item Binding Operators
1776 =item Multiplicative Operators
1778 =item Additive Operators
1780 =item Shift Operators
1782 =item Named Unary Operators
1784 =item Relational Operators
1786 =item Equality Operators
1790 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1792 =item C-style Logical And
1794 =item C-style Logical Or
1796 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
1798 =item Range Operators
1800 =item Conditional Operator
1802 =item Assignment Operators
1804 =item Comma Operator
1806 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1812 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
1814 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1816 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1818 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1820 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1822 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1823 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1824 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1825 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
1827 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
1829 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
1830 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
1831 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
1832 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
1837 =item Constant Folding
1839 =item Bitwise String Operators
1841 =item Integer Arithmetic
1843 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1845 =item Bigger Numbers
1851 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1861 =item Private Variables via my()
1863 =item Persistent Private Variables
1865 =item Temporary Values via local()
1867 =item Lvalue subroutines
1869 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
1871 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1873 =item When to Still Use local()
1875 =item Pass by Reference
1879 =item Constant Functions
1881 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
1885 =item Subroutine Attributes
1893 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1901 =item Perl Functions by Category
1903 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1904 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1905 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1906 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1907 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1908 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1909 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1910 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1911 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1912 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1917 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1919 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1920 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1921 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
1922 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
1923 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
1924 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
1925 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
1926 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
1927 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
1928 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
1929 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
1930 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
1931 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
1932 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
1933 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
1934 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
1935 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
1936 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
1937 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
1938 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
1939 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
1940 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
1941 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
1942 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1943 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
1944 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
1945 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
1946 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1947 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
1948 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
1949 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
1950 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
1951 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
1952 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
1953 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
1954 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
1955 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
1956 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
1957 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
1958 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
1959 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
1960 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
1961 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
1962 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
1963 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
1964 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
1965 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
1966 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
1967 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1968 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1969 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1970 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1971 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1972 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1973 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1974 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1975 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
1976 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
1977 parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
1978 width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
1979 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
1980 (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
1981 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
1982 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen
1983 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1984 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1985 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
1986 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
1987 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1988 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1989 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1990 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1991 TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
1992 Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
1993 VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1994 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
2000 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
2006 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
2012 =item Indirect Filehandles
2016 =item The Minus File
2018 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
2024 =item Open E<agrave> la C
2028 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
2032 =item Obscure Open Tricks
2036 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
2038 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
2040 =item Paths as Opens
2042 =item Single Argument Open
2044 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
2048 =item Other I/O Issues
2052 =item Opening Non-File Files
2054 =item Opening Named Pipes
2056 =item Opening Sockets
2068 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
2074 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
2080 =item The Basic Principle
2084 =item Packing Numbers
2090 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
2092 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
2094 =item Floating point Numbers
2098 =item Exotic Templates
2110 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
2114 =item Template Grouping
2116 =item Lengths and Widths
2120 =item String Lengths
2122 =item Dynamic Templates
2124 =item Counting Repetitions
2128 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
2132 =item The Alignment Pit
2134 =item Alignment, Take 2
2136 =item Alignment, Take 3
2138 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
2144 =item Funnies Section
2150 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
2158 =item Ordinary Paragraph
2160 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2162 =item Command Paragraph
2164 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
2165 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
2166 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
2167 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding
2170 =item Formatting Codes
2172 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2173 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2174 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
2175 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
2176 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
2177 (zero-effect) formatting code
2181 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2183 =item Hints for Writing Pod
2193 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
2200 =item Pod Definitions
2204 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
2205 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
2206 "=encoding encodingname"
2208 =item Pod Formatting Codes
2210 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2211 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
2212 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2213 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2214 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
2215 contains non-breaking spaces
2217 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
2219 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
2221 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
2223 =item About =over...=back Regions
2225 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
2233 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
2243 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
2245 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
2247 =item Location of Perl
2249 =item Command Switches
2251 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>], B<-A [I<assertions>]>, B<-a>, B<-C
2252 [I<number/list>]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>,
2253 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
2254 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
2255 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
2256 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
2257 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
2258 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
2264 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
2265 :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
2266 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
2267 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_DL_NONLAZY, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED,
2268 PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS,
2269 PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
2273 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2281 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
2289 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
2291 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
2293 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
2297 =item Backward Compatibility
2299 =item Category Hierarchy
2301 =item Fatal Warnings
2303 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
2315 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2321 =item The Perl Debugger
2325 =item Debugger Commands
2327 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
2328 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
2329 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
2330 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
2331 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
2332 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
2333 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
2334 command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
2335 command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
2336 file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
2339 =item Configurable Options
2341 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
2342 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
2343 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
2344 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
2345 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
2346 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
2349 =item Debugger input/output
2351 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
2354 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2356 =item Debugger Customization
2358 =item Readline Support
2360 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2362 =item The Perl Profiler
2366 =item Debugging regular expressions
2368 =item Debugging memory usage
2376 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
2384 =item Predefined Names
2386 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
2387 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
2388 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
2389 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
2390 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
2391 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
2392 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
2393 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#,
2394 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
2395 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
2396 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
2397 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
2398 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
2399 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
2400 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
2401 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
2402 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
2403 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
2404 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
2405 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
2406 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
2407 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
2408 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
2409 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
2410 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
2411 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
2412 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
2413 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
2414 $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
2415 ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
2418 =item Error Indicators
2420 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
2428 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
2438 =item Regular Expressions
2440 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
2442 =item Extended Patterns
2444 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
2445 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
2446 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
2447 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
2451 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
2453 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
2455 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
2457 =item Combining pieces together
2459 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
2460 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
2461 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
2462 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
2464 =item Creating custom RE engines
2474 =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
2486 =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
2488 =item CHARACTER CLASSES
2494 =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
2512 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
2522 =item Making References
2524 =item Using References
2526 =item Symbolic references
2528 =item Not-so-symbolic references
2530 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
2532 =item Function Templates
2542 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
2552 =item Numeric Fields
2554 =item The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text
2556 =item The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text
2558 =item Specifying Values
2560 =item Using Fill Mode
2562 =item Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void
2564 =item Repeating Format Lines
2566 =item Top of Form Processing
2568 =item Format Variables
2578 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
2586 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
2594 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
2596 =item A Class is Simply a Package
2598 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
2600 =item Method Invocation
2602 =item Indirect Object Syntax
2604 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
2606 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
2612 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
2620 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
2632 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
2637 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
2638 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
2639 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
2640 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
2645 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
2646 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
2647 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, SCALAR this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
2649 =item Tying FileHandles
2651 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
2652 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
2657 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
2669 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
2677 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
2678 B<filter_fetch_value>
2684 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
2686 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
2696 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
2697 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
2707 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
2715 =item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
2717 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
2718 "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
2722 =item Using open() for IPC
2728 =item Background Processes
2730 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
2732 =item Safe Pipe Opens
2734 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
2736 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
2740 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
2744 =item Internet Line Terminators
2746 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
2748 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
2752 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
2756 =item A Simple Client
2758 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
2760 =item A Webget Client
2762 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
2766 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
2768 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
2770 =item UDP: Message Passing
2784 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
2794 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
2796 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
2797 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
2798 files, directories and network sockets
2800 =item Resource limits
2802 =item Killing the parent process
2804 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
2806 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
2808 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
2809 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
2810 application, Thread-safety of extensions
2822 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
2830 =item Storing numbers
2832 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
2834 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
2836 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
2837 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
2838 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
2847 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
2855 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2857 =item Threaded Program Models
2869 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
2871 =item Thread-Safe Modules
2877 =item Basic Thread Support
2879 =item A Note about the Examples
2881 =item Creating Threads
2883 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2885 =item Ignoring A Thread
2889 =item Threads And Data
2893 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2895 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
2899 =item Synchronization and control
2903 =item Controlling access: lock()
2905 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2907 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2909 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2911 =item Basic semaphores
2913 =item Advanced Semaphores
2915 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
2917 =item Giving up control
2921 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2925 =item What Thread Am I In?
2929 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2931 =item What Threads Are Running?
2935 =item A Complete Example
2937 =item Different implementations of threads
2939 =item Performance considerations
2941 =item Process-scope Changes
2943 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
2951 =item Introductory Texts
2953 =item OS-Related References
2955 =item Other References
2959 =item Acknowledgements
2967 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
2973 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2975 =item Threaded Program Models
2987 =item Native threads
2989 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2991 =item Threadsafe Modules
2997 =item Basic Thread Support
2999 =item Creating Threads
3001 =item Giving up control
3003 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
3005 =item Errors In Threads
3007 =item Ignoring A Thread
3011 =item Threads And Data
3015 =item Shared And Unshared Data
3017 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
3019 =item Controlling access: lock()
3021 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3023 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3027 =item Threads And Code
3031 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3033 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
3035 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
3037 =item Subroutine Locks
3041 =item Locking A Subroutine
3045 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3049 =item What Thread Am I In?
3053 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3055 =item What Threads Are Running?
3059 =item A Complete Example
3067 =item Introductory Texts
3069 =item OS-Related References
3071 =item Other References
3075 =item Acknowledgements
3083 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
3089 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
3098 =item Numbers endianness and Width
3100 =item Files and Filesystems
3102 =item System Interaction
3104 =item Command names versus file pathnames
3108 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
3110 =item External Subroutines (XS)
3112 =item Standard Modules
3116 =item Character sets and character encoding
3118 =item Internationalisation
3120 =item System Resources
3130 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
3131 http://testers.cpan.org/
3139 =item DOS and Derivatives
3147 =item EBCDIC Platforms
3155 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3159 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3161 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown
3162 LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
3163 HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl
3164 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin,
3165 getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME,
3166 getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
3167 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
3168 gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent
3169 STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN,
3170 endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
3171 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl
3172 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat
3173 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
3174 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
3175 FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
3176 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
3177 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
3178 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
3179 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
3180 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
3181 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
3182 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
3183 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
3184 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
3185 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
3191 v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000,
3192 v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999,
3193 v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
3194 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December
3195 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August
3196 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
3198 =item Supported Platforms
3202 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3206 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
3213 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
3219 =item The use locale pragma
3221 =item The setlocale function
3223 =item Finding locales
3225 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
3227 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
3229 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
3231 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
3233 =item Fixing system locale configuration
3235 =item The localeconv function
3237 =item I18N::Langinfo
3241 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
3245 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
3247 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
3249 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
3251 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
3255 =item Other categories
3263 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
3264 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
3270 =item Backward compatibility
3272 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
3274 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
3276 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
3278 =item Freely available locale definitions
3282 =item An imperfect standard
3286 =item Unicode and UTF-8
3292 =item Broken systems
3302 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
3312 =item Perl's Unicode Support
3314 =item Perl's Unicode Model
3316 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
3318 =item Creating Unicode
3320 =item Handling Unicode
3322 =item Legacy Encodings
3326 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
3330 =item Advanced Topics
3334 =item Questions With Answers
3336 =item Hexadecimal Notation
3338 =item Further Resources
3342 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
3346 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3348 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
3352 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
3360 =item Important Caveats
3362 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
3363 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, C<use encoding> needed to upgrade
3364 non-Latin-1 byte strings
3366 =item Byte and Character Semantics
3368 =item Effects of Character Semantics
3374 =item User-Defined Character Properties
3376 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
3378 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
3380 =item Unicode Encodings
3382 =item Security Implications of Unicode
3384 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
3388 =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
3390 =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
3392 =item Using Unicode in XS
3400 =item Interaction with Locales
3402 =item Interaction with Extensions
3406 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
3414 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
3420 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
3428 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
3432 =item 13 variant characters
3440 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
3442 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
3444 =item Unicode and UTF
3450 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
3452 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
3454 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
3468 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
3470 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
3472 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
3474 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
3482 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
3484 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
3486 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
3488 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
3492 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
3496 =item URL decoding and encoding
3498 =item uu encoding and decoding
3500 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
3502 =item Caesarian ciphers
3506 =item Hashing order and checksums
3510 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
3522 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
3542 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
3550 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
3552 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
3554 =item Taint mode and @INC
3556 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
3560 =item Protecting Your Programs
3564 =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
3572 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
3584 =item BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END
3590 =item Making your module threadsafe
3598 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
3602 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
3606 =item Pragmatic Modules
3608 assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
3609 bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding,
3610 fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re,
3611 sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version,
3612 vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
3614 =item Standard Modules
3616 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
3617 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
3618 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
3619 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
3620 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
3621 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
3622 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf,
3623 Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5,
3624 Digest::base, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias,
3625 Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ,
3626 Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding,
3627 Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR,
3628 Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO,
3629 Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode,
3630 Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
3631 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
3632 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
3633 ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
3634 ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
3635 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
3636 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
3637 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
3638 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish,
3639 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
3640 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
3641 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
3642 File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
3643 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
3644 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
3645 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File,
3646 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
3647 I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
3648 IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
3649 IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg,
3650 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
3651 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
3652 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
3653 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
3654 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize,
3655 Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile,
3656 Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File,
3657 Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain,
3658 Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP,
3659 Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent,
3660 Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, PerlIO::encoding,
3661 PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker,
3662 Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
3663 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
3664 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
3665 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
3666 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
3667 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
3668 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
3669 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
3670 Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
3671 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
3672 Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps,
3673 Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
3674 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
3675 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
3676 Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
3677 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
3678 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
3679 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
3682 =item Extension Modules
3696 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
3697 Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
3699 =item Central America
3705 Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
3706 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
3707 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
3708 Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
3709 Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
3713 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
3714 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
3715 Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
3716 North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
3717 Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
3721 Australia, New Zealand, United States
3725 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
3731 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
3735 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
3737 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
3739 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
3747 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
3753 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
3757 =item Before you start
3765 =item Release considerations
3769 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
3773 =item Has it been done before?
3775 =item Do one thing and do it well
3777 =item What's in a name?
3781 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
3785 =item To OO or not to OO?
3787 =item Designing your API
3789 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
3790 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
3793 =item Strictness and warnings
3795 =item Backwards compatibility
3797 =item Error handling and messages
3801 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
3807 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
3809 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
3810 perl Build test, perl Build install
3814 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
3818 =item Version numbering
3820 =item Pre-requisites
3830 =item COMMON PITFALLS
3834 =item Reinventing the wheel
3836 =item Trying to do too much
3838 =item Inappropriate documentation
3844 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
3845 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
3852 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
3862 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
3863 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
3877 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
3887 =item What should I make into a module?
3889 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
3891 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
3893 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
3895 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
3896 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
3897 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
3899 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
3901 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
3902 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
3912 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3922 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3923 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3924 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3925 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3929 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3931 =item Administration
3933 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3937 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3938 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3946 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3956 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3960 =item Using The Back Ends
3964 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3968 =item The Decompiling Back End
3970 =item The Lint Back End
3972 =item The Simple C Back End
3974 =item The Bytecode Back End
3976 =item The Optimized C Back End
3980 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3982 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3983 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3984 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3986 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3992 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4002 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4004 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4006 B<Decryption Filters>
4008 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4010 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4012 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4016 =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
4018 Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
4028 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
4038 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
4039 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
4043 =item Compiling your C program
4045 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
4047 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
4049 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
4051 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
4053 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
4055 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
4057 =item Execution of END blocks
4059 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
4061 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
4066 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
4078 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
4084 =item Debugger Internals
4088 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
4092 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
4094 =item Debugging regular expressions
4098 =item Compile-time output
4100 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
4101 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
4102 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
4105 =item Types of nodes
4107 =item Run-time output
4111 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
4115 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
4117 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
4118 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
4121 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
4123 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
4125 =item B<-DL> details
4129 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
4137 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
4149 =item Version caveat
4151 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
4163 =item What has gone on?
4165 =item Writing good test scripts
4169 =item What's new here?
4171 =item Input and Output Parameters
4173 =item The XSUBPP Program
4175 =item The TYPEMAP file
4177 =item Warning about Output Arguments
4181 =item What has happened here?
4183 =item Anatomy of .xs file
4185 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
4187 =item More about XSUB arguments
4189 =item The Argument Stack
4191 =item Extending your Extension
4193 =item Documenting your Extension
4195 =item Installing your Extension
4199 =item New Things in this Example
4203 =item New Things in this Example
4205 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
4207 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
4209 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
4211 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
4227 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
4239 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
4241 =item The Argument Stack
4243 =item The RETVAL Variable
4245 =item The MODULE Keyword
4247 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4249 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4251 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4253 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4255 =item The CODE: Keyword
4257 =item The INIT: Keyword
4259 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4261 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4263 =item Default Parameter Values
4265 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4267 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4269 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4271 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4273 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4275 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4277 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4279 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4281 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4283 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4285 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4287 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4289 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4291 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4293 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4295 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4297 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4299 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4301 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
4303 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4305 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4307 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4309 =item The CASE: Keyword
4311 =item The & Unary Operator
4313 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4315 =item Using XS With C++
4317 =item Interface Strategy
4319 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4323 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4325 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4337 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4347 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4349 =item File Operations
4351 =item File Input and Output
4353 =item File Positioning
4355 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4357 =item Character Class Tests
4359 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4361 =item Miscellaneous functions
4369 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4381 =item What is an "IV"?
4383 =item Working with SVs
4387 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4389 =item Working with AVs
4391 =item Working with HVs
4393 =item Hash API Extensions
4395 =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
4399 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4401 =item Creating New Variables
4403 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4405 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4407 =item Stashes and Globs
4409 =item Double-Typed SVs
4411 =item Magic Variables
4413 =item Assigning Magic
4415 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4419 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4421 =item Localizing changes
4423 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4424 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4425 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4426 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4427 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4428 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4429 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4430 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4431 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4432 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4440 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4442 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4444 =item Memory Allocation
4448 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4452 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4462 =item Examining the tree
4464 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4466 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4468 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4470 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4472 =item Pluggable runops
4476 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4478 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4482 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4484 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4486 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4488 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4490 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4494 =item Internal Functions
4496 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b
4500 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4502 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4504 =item Source Documentation
4508 =item Unicode Support
4512 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4514 =item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
4516 =item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
4518 =item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
4520 =item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
4522 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4526 =item Custom Operators
4534 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4540 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4542 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4544 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4564 =item Determining the Context
4568 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4574 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4576 =item Passing Parameters
4578 =item Returning a Scalar
4580 =item Returning a list of values
4582 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4584 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4588 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4592 =item Using call_argv
4594 =item Using call_method
4598 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4600 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4602 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4603 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4606 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4608 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4620 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4626 =item "Gimme" Values
4628 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4630 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4632 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4633 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4634 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4636 =item Callback Functions
4638 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4639 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4641 =item Character classes
4643 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4645 =item Cloning an interpreter
4649 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4651 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4653 =item Embedding Functions
4655 cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
4656 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4658 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4660 packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str
4662 =item Global Variables
4664 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4668 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4669 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4673 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4675 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4677 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4678 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_assert, hv_clear, hv_clear_placeholders, hv_delete,
4679 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4680 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4681 hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_scalar, hv_store, hv_store_ent,
4682 hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4684 =item Magical Functions
4686 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4687 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4688 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4690 =item Memory Management
4692 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4693 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4695 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4697 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, new_version, scan_version, strEQ,
4698 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking,
4699 sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, upg_version, vcmp, vnumify, vstringify
4701 =item Numeric functions
4703 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4706 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4708 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4710 =item Pad Data Structures
4714 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4716 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4717 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4718 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4719 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4720 XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF,
4725 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4727 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4729 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4730 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4731 SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off,
4732 SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW,
4733 SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvIV_nomg, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
4734 SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx,
4735 SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
4736 SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
4737 SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
4738 SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
4739 SvPV_nolen, SvPV_nomg, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
4740 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off,
4741 SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8,
4742 SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX, SvUV_nomg, SvVOK, sv_2bool,
4743 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv_flags, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte,
4744 sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen,
4745 sv_2uv_flags, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg,
4746 sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
4747 sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale,
4748 sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4749 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4750 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4751 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b,
4752 sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force,
4753 sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype,
4754 sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg,
4755 sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv,
4756 sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv,
4757 sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv,
4758 sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted,
4759 sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade,
4760 sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
4761 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4763 =item Unicode Support
4765 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4766 is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8,
4767 sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title,
4768 to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
4769 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4772 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4774 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4775 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4777 =item Warning and Dieing
4787 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4794 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
4798 =item Functions in file pad.h
4800 CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS,
4801 PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH,
4802 PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL,
4803 PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR,
4804 PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE, PAD_SV, PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV
4806 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
4810 =item Global Variables
4812 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4823 =item Pad Data Structures
4825 CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
4826 pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
4827 pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
4828 pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
4830 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4834 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4836 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4844 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4854 =item History and Background
4856 =item Basic Structure
4858 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4860 =item Data Structures
4862 =item Functions and Attributes
4864 =item Per-instance Data
4866 =item Layers in action.
4868 =item Per-instance flag bits
4870 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4871 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4872 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4873 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4875 =item Methods in Detail
4877 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4878 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4879 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4880 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4885 =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
4887 C implementations, Perl implementations
4891 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4893 =item Extension Layers
4895 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4903 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4911 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4912 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4913 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4914 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4915 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4916 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4917 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4918 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4919 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4920 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4921 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4925 =item Co-existence with stdio
4927 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4928 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4930 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4932 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4933 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4934 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4935 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4937 =item Other Functions
4939 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4940 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4946 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4952 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4953 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4954 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4955 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4956 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4957 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4958 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4962 =item Keeping in sync
4964 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4965 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4967 =item Why rsync the source tree
4969 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
4971 =item Why rsync the patches
4973 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4974 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4976 =item Perlbug administration
4978 =item Submitting patches
4980 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4981 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4983 =item Finding Your Way Around
4985 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4987 =item Elements of the interpreter
4989 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4991 =item Internal Variable Types
4997 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4999 =item Millions of Macros
5001 =item The .i Targets
5003 =item Poking at Perl
5005 =item Using a source-level debugger
5007 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5008 finish, 'enter', print
5010 =item gdb macro support
5012 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5016 =item Patching a core module
5018 =item Adding a new function to the core
5020 =item Writing a test
5022 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5023 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
5024 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5026 =item Special Make Test Targets
5028 coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind
5029 check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third
5030 utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8
5031 check.utf8, test_harness
5033 =item Running tests by hand
5035 PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
5039 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5043 =item Rational Software's Purify
5045 =item Purify on Unix
5047 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5051 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5055 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5057 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5061 =item Gprof Profiling
5063 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5065 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5067 =item Pixie Profiling
5069 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5072 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5076 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5084 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
5092 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
5098 =item To do during 5.6.x
5102 =item Support for I/O disciplines
5104 =item Autoload bytes.pm
5106 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
5108 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
5110 =item Overloadable regex assertions
5114 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
5116 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
5118 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
5120 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
5122 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
5124 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
5126 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
5128 =item Complete signal handling
5130 =item Out-of-source builds
5132 =item POSIX realtime support
5134 =item UNIX98 support
5138 =item Long double conversion
5142 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
5144 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
5146 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
5148 =item Security audit shipped utilities
5150 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
5152 =item Custom opcodes
5154 =item DLL Versioning
5156 =item Introduce @( and @)
5158 =item Floating point handling
5160 =item IV/UV preservation
5162 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
5164 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
5166 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
5168 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
5170 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
5172 =item Document Win32 choices
5174 =item Check new modules
5176 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
5180 =item To do at some point
5184 =item Remove regular expression recursion
5186 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
5188 =item bitfields in pack
5190 =item Cross compilation
5192 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
5194 =item Perl lexer in Perl
5196 =item Using POSIX calls internally
5198 =item -i rename file when changed
5200 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
5202 =item Support for rerunning debugger
5204 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
5206 =item my sub foo { }
5208 =item One-pass global destruction
5210 =item Rewrite regexp parser
5212 =item Cache recently used regexps
5214 =item Cross-compilation support
5216 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
5218 =item debugger pragma
5220 =item use less pragma
5222 =item switch structures
5224 =item Cache eval tree
5228 =item Shrink opcode tables
5230 =item Optimize away @_
5232 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
5236 =item Prototype method calls
5238 =item Return context prototype declarations
5242 =item Garbage collection
5246 =item Rewrite perldoc
5248 =item Install .3p manpages
5250 =item Unicode tutorial
5252 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
5254 =item Retargetable installation
5256 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
5258 =item Rename Win32 headers
5260 =item Finish off lvalue functions
5262 =item Update sprintf documentation
5264 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
5266 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
5268 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
5270 =item Should overload be inheritable?
5274 =item Perform correctly when XSUBs call subroutines that exit via
5275 goto(LABEL) and friends
5283 =item ref() in list context
5285 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
5287 =item Compile to real threaded code
5289 =item Structured types
5291 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
5293 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
5297 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
5301 =item foreach(reverse ...)
5303 =item Constant function cache
5305 =item Approximate regular expression matching
5313 =item Update guts documentation
5315 =item Add more tests
5317 =item Update auxiliary tools
5319 =item Create debugging macros
5321 =item truncate to the people
5323 =item Unicode in Filenames
5327 =item Unicode in %ENV
5329 =item Recently done things
5333 =item Alternative RE syntax module
5335 =item Safe signal handling
5341 =item setitimer and getimiter
5343 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5345 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5347 =item Explicit switch statements
5355 =item perlcc to produce executable
5357 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5359 =item Secure temporary file module
5361 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5363 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5365 =item Mmap for input
5367 =item Byte to/from UTF-8 and UTF-8 to/from local conversion
5369 =item Add sockatmark support
5371 =item Mailing list archives
5375 =item Integrate MacPerl
5377 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5379 =item Regular expression tutorial
5381 =item Debugging Tutorial
5383 =item Integrate new modules
5385 =item Integrate profiler
5387 =item Y2K error detection
5389 =item Regular expression debugger
5393 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5395 =item Cache precompiled modules
5399 =item Deprecated Wishes
5403 =item Loop control on do{}
5405 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5411 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5413 =item Named prototypes
5415 =item Built-in globbing
5417 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5419 =item Cached hash values
5421 =item Add compression modules
5423 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5425 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5427 =item Make XS easier to use
5429 =item Make embedding easier to use
5433 =item my $Package::variable
5435 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5437 =item "class"-based lexicals
5441 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5443 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5445 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5447 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5453 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
5463 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
5464 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
5465 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
5466 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>,
5467 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
5478 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5486 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5498 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5500 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5504 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5508 =head2 perl591delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.1
5514 =item Incompatible Changes
5516 =item Core Enhancements
5520 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5524 =item Modules and Pragmata
5526 =item Utility Changes
5528 =item New Documentation
5530 =item Performance Enhancements
5532 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5534 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5536 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5538 =item Changed Internals
5542 =item Known Problems
5544 =item Platform Specific Problems
5546 =item Reporting Bugs
5552 =head2 perl590delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
5558 =item Incompatible Changes
5562 =item Hash Randomisation
5564 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5566 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5568 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5570 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5572 =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
5576 =item Core Enhancements
5582 =item Defined-or operators
5584 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
5586 =item Unsafe signals again available
5588 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5592 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
5594 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5598 =item Modules and Pragmata
5602 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5604 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
5605 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
5606 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
5607 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
5608 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
5609 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
5610 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
5615 =item Utility Changes
5617 =item New Documentation
5619 =item Performance Enhancements
5621 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5625 =item Platform-specific enhancements
5629 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5633 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
5637 =item Platform-specific fixes
5641 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5645 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
5647 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
5649 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
5651 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
5653 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
5655 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
5657 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
5659 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
5661 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
5663 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
5665 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
5669 =item Changed Internals
5673 =item Known Problems
5677 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5679 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
5685 =item Platform Specific Problems
5689 =item EBCDIC Platforms
5691 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
5693 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
5695 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
5697 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
5699 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
5701 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
5707 =item Reporting Bugs
5713 =head2 perl583delta - what is new for perl v5.8.3
5719 =item Incompatible Changes
5721 =item Core Enhancements
5723 =item Modules and Pragmata
5725 CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util,
5726 Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate,
5727 Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared
5729 =item Utility Changes
5731 =item New Documentation
5733 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5735 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5737 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5739 =item Changed Internals
5741 =item Configuration and Building
5743 =item Platform Specific Problems
5745 =item Known Problems
5747 =item Future Directions
5751 =item Reporting Bugs
5757 =head2 perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2
5763 =item Incompatible Changes
5765 =item Core Enhancements
5769 =item Hash Randomisation
5775 =item Modules and Pragmata
5779 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5781 Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64,
5782 Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate,
5783 Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL
5787 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5789 =item Changed Internals
5791 =item Platform Specific Problems
5793 =item Future Directions
5795 =item Reporting Bugs
5801 =head2 perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
5807 =item Incompatible Changes
5811 =item Hash Randomisation
5813 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5815 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5817 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5819 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5823 =item Core Enhancements
5827 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
5829 =item Unsafe signals again available
5831 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5835 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
5837 =item Deprecation Warnings
5839 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5843 =item Modules and Pragmata
5847 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5849 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
5850 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
5851 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
5852 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
5853 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
5854 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
5855 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
5860 =item Utility Changes
5862 =item New Documentation
5864 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5868 =item Platform-specific enhancements
5872 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5876 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
5880 =item Platform-specific fixes
5884 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5888 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
5890 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
5892 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
5894 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
5896 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
5898 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
5900 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
5902 =item New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
5904 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
5906 =item New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
5908 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
5910 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
5912 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
5916 =item Changed Internals
5920 =item Known Problems
5924 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5926 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
5932 =item Platform Specific Problems
5936 =item EBCDIC Platforms
5938 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
5940 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
5942 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
5944 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
5946 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
5948 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
5952 =item Future Directions
5954 =item Reporting Bugs
5960 =head2 perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5966 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5968 =item Incompatible Changes
5972 =item Binary Incompatibility
5974 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5976 =item AIX Dynaloading
5978 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
5980 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5982 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5984 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
5986 =item New Unicode Properties
5988 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5990 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5992 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
5998 =item Core Enhancements
6002 =item Unicode Overhaul
6004 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6008 =item Restricted Hashes
6012 =item Understanding of Numbers
6014 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
6016 =item Miscellaneous Changes
6020 =item Modules and Pragmata
6024 =item New Modules and Pragmata
6026 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6030 =item Utility Changes
6032 =item New Documentation
6034 =item Performance Enhancements
6036 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6040 =item Generic Improvements
6042 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6046 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6050 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6054 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6056 =item Changed Internals
6058 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
6062 =item Known Problems
6066 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
6068 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
6070 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6072 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
6074 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
6076 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6078 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
6080 =item PDL failing some tests
6084 =item Self-tying Problems
6086 =item ext/threads/t/libc
6088 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
6090 =item Timing problems
6092 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
6094 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
6098 =item Platform Specific Problems
6104 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
6110 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
6112 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
6114 =item DJGPP Failures
6116 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
6118 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
6120 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
6122 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6124 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
6126 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6130 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
6132 =item OS/2 Test Failures
6134 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
6140 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
6142 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
6144 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
6156 =item XML::Parser not working
6160 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
6162 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
6166 =item Reporting Bugs
6174 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
6182 =item Reporting Bugs
6190 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
6196 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6198 =item Incompatible Changes
6202 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
6204 =item AIX Dynaloading
6206 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
6208 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
6214 =item Core Enhancements
6216 =item Modules and Pragmata
6220 =item New Modules and Distributions
6222 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6226 =item Utility Changes
6228 =item New Documentation
6230 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6234 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6236 =item Generic Improvements
6240 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6244 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6248 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6250 =item Source Code Enhancements
6254 =item MAGIC constants
6256 =item Better commented code
6258 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
6266 =item Known Problems
6272 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
6274 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6276 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
6278 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
6280 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6282 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6286 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
6288 =item Failure of Thread tests
6298 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6300 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6302 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
6304 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6306 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6308 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
6312 =item Reporting Bugs
6320 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
6326 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6328 =item Incompatible Changes
6330 =item Core Enhancements
6334 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
6336 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6338 =item Signals Are Now Safe
6342 =item Modules and Pragmata
6348 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6352 =item Performance Enhancements
6354 =item Utility Changes
6356 =item New Documentation
6372 =item README.solaris
6376 =item Porting/repository.pod
6380 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6384 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6386 =item Generic Improvements
6388 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
6389 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
6390 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
6394 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6398 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6402 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6404 =item Changed Internals
6408 =item Known Problems
6412 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
6414 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6416 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6418 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6422 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6424 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
6426 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
6428 =item Failure of Thread tests
6430 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6432 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6434 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6436 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6440 =item Reporting Bugs
6448 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
6454 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6456 =item Incompatible Changes
6458 =item Core Enhancements
6460 =item Modules and Pragmata
6466 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6470 =item Utility Changes
6472 =item New Documentation
6474 =item Performance Enhancements
6476 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6480 =item Generic Improvements
6484 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6488 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6492 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6494 =item Changed Internals
6496 =item Known Problems
6500 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
6502 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
6504 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6506 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6508 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6510 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
6512 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6514 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
6516 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
6518 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6522 =item Reporting Bugs
6530 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
6536 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
6540 =item Security Issues
6542 =item Core bug fixes
6544 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
6545 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
6546 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
6547 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
6548 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
6549 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
6554 =item Configuration issues
6558 =item Bundled modules
6560 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
6561 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
6562 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
6563 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
6565 =item Platform-specific improvements
6567 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
6571 =item Core Enhancements
6575 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6577 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6579 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6581 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6583 =item "our" declarations
6585 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6587 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6589 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6591 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6593 =item open() with more than two arguments
6595 =item 64-bit support
6597 =item Large file support
6603 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6605 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6607 =item File globbing implemented internally
6609 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6611 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6613 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6615 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6617 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6619 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6621 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6623 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6625 =item Comments in pack() templates
6627 =item Weak references
6629 =item Binary numbers supported
6631 =item Lvalue subroutines
6633 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6635 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6637 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6639 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6641 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6643 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6645 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6647 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6649 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6651 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6653 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6655 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6657 =item Improved diagnostics
6659 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6661 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6663 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6665 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6667 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6669 =item Improved security features
6671 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6673 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6675 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6677 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6679 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6681 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6683 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6687 =item Modules and Pragmata
6693 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6694 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6695 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6696 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6697 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6698 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6699 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6700 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6706 =item Utility Changes
6720 =item The Perl Debugger
6724 =item Improved Documentation
6726 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6727 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6728 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6729 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6731 =item Performance enhancements
6735 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6737 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6739 =item Faster subroutine calls
6741 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6745 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6749 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6751 =item New Configure flags
6753 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6759 =item -Duselargefiles
6761 =item installusrbinperl
6767 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6769 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6773 =item Platform specific changes
6777 =item Supported platforms
6781 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6789 =item Significant bug fixes
6793 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6795 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6797 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6799 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6801 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6803 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6805 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6807 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6809 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6811 =item Locale bugs fixed
6815 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6817 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6819 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6821 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6825 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6827 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6828 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6829 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6830 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6831 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6832 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6833 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6834 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6835 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6836 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6837 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6838 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6839 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6840 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6841 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6842 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6843 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6844 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6845 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6846 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6847 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6848 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6849 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6850 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6851 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6852 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6853 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6854 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6855 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6856 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6857 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6858 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6859 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6860 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6861 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6862 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6863 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6864 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6865 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6866 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6867 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6868 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6869 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6870 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6871 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6872 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6873 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6874 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6875 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6876 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6880 =item Incompatible Changes
6884 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6886 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6887 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6888 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6889 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6890 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6891 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6892 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6893 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6894 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6895 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6896 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6898 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6900 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6902 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6904 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6906 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6910 =item Known Problems
6914 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6916 =item Known test failures
6918 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6920 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6922 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6924 =item Experimental features
6926 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6927 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6928 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6932 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6934 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6935 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6936 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6937 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6939 =item Reporting Bugs
6947 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6953 =item Core Enhancements
6957 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6959 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6961 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6963 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6965 =item "our" declarations
6967 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6969 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6971 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6973 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6975 =item open() with more than two arguments
6977 =item 64-bit support
6979 =item Large file support
6985 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6987 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6989 =item File globbing implemented internally
6991 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6993 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6995 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6997 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6999 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
7001 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
7003 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
7005 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
7007 =item Comments in pack() templates
7009 =item Weak references
7011 =item Binary numbers supported
7013 =item Lvalue subroutines
7015 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
7017 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
7019 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
7021 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
7023 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
7025 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
7027 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
7029 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
7031 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
7033 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
7035 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
7037 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
7039 =item Improved diagnostics
7041 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
7043 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
7045 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
7047 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
7049 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
7051 =item Improved security features
7053 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
7055 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
7057 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
7059 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
7061 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
7063 =item Optional Y2K warnings
7065 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
7069 =item Modules and Pragmata
7075 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
7076 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
7077 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
7078 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
7079 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
7080 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
7081 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
7082 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
7088 =item Utility Changes
7102 =item The Perl Debugger
7106 =item Improved Documentation
7108 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
7109 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
7110 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
7111 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
7113 =item Performance enhancements
7117 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
7119 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
7121 =item Faster subroutine calls
7123 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
7127 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7131 =item -Dusethreads means something different
7133 =item New Configure flags
7135 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
7141 =item -Duselargefiles
7143 =item installusrbinperl
7149 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
7153 =item Platform specific changes
7157 =item Supported platforms
7161 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
7169 =item Significant bug fixes
7173 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
7175 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
7177 =item All compilation errors are true errors
7179 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
7181 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
7183 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
7185 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
7187 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
7189 =item Failures in DESTROY()
7191 =item Locale bugs fixed
7195 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
7197 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
7199 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
7201 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
7205 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7207 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
7208 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
7209 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
7210 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
7211 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
7212 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
7213 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
7214 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
7215 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
7216 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
7217 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
7218 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
7219 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
7220 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
7221 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
7222 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
7223 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
7224 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
7225 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
7226 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
7227 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
7228 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
7229 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
7230 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
7231 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
7232 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
7233 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
7234 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
7235 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
7236 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
7237 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
7238 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
7239 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
7240 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
7241 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
7242 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
7243 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
7244 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
7245 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
7246 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
7247 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
7248 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
7249 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
7250 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
7251 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
7252 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
7253 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
7254 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
7255 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
7256 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
7260 =item Incompatible Changes
7264 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
7266 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
7267 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
7268 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
7269 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
7270 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
7271 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
7272 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
7273 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
7274 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
7275 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
7276 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
7278 =item C Source Incompatibilities
7280 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
7282 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
7284 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
7286 =item Binary Incompatibilities
7290 =item Known Problems
7294 =item Thread test failures
7296 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
7298 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
7300 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
7302 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
7305 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
7307 =item Arrow operator and arrays
7309 =item Experimental features
7311 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
7312 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
7313 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
7317 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7319 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
7320 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
7321 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
7322 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
7324 =item Reporting Bugs
7332 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
7338 =item About the new versioning system
7340 =item Incompatible Changes
7344 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
7346 =item Default installation structure has changed
7348 =item Perl Source Compatibility
7350 =item C Source Compatibility
7352 =item Binary Compatibility
7354 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
7356 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
7370 =item Regular Expressions
7372 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
7373 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
7374 improvements, Incompatible changes
7376 =item Improved malloc()
7378 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
7380 =item Reliable signals
7382 =item Reliable stack pointers
7384 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
7388 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
7390 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
7392 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
7394 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
7396 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
7398 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
7400 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
7402 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
7404 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
7406 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
7408 =item Better locale support
7410 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
7412 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
7414 =item Extended support for exception handling
7416 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
7418 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
7420 =item New C<INIT> keyword
7422 =item New C<lock> keyword
7424 =item New C<qr//> operator
7426 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
7428 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
7430 =item Tied handles support is better
7432 =item 4th argument to substr
7434 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
7436 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
7438 =item <> now reads in records
7442 =item Supported Platforms
7448 =item Changes in existing support
7452 =item Modules and Pragmata
7458 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
7459 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
7460 Thread, attrs, fields, re
7462 =item Changes in existing modules
7464 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
7465 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
7469 =item Utility Changes
7471 =item Documentation Changes
7473 =item New Diagnostics
7475 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
7476 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
7477 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
7478 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
7479 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
7480 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
7481 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
7482 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
7483 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
7484 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
7485 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
7486 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
7487 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
7488 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
7489 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
7490 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
7491 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
7493 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7495 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
7496 temporary file, regexp too big
7498 =item Configuration Changes
7508 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
7514 =item Supported Environments
7520 =item List assignment to %ENV works
7522 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
7524 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
7526 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
7528 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
7530 =item More precise warnings
7532 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
7534 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
7536 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
7538 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
7540 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
7542 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
7544 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
7546 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
7548 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
7550 =item Changes to tainting checks
7552 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
7553 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
7555 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
7557 =item Embedding improvements
7559 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
7561 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
7563 =item New and changed syntax
7567 =item New and changed builtin constants
7571 =item New and changed builtin variables
7575 =item New and changed builtin functions
7577 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
7578 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
7579 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
7580 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
7581 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
7583 =item New builtin methods
7585 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
7587 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
7589 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
7590 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
7592 =item Malloc enhancements
7594 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
7596 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
7600 =item Support for More Operating Systems
7616 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
7617 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
7623 =item Required Updates
7625 =item Installation directories
7627 =item Module information summary
7641 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
7645 =item Utility Changes
7651 Sends converted HTML to standard output
7655 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
7659 =item C Language API Changes
7661 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
7664 =item Documentation Changes
7666 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
7667 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
7669 =item New Diagnostics
7671 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
7672 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
7673 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
7674 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
7675 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
7676 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
7677 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
7678 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
7679 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
7680 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
7681 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
7682 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
7683 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
7684 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
7685 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
7686 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
7687 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
7688 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
7689 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
7690 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
7691 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
7692 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
7693 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
7694 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
7695 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
7705 =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
7713 =item The "Artistic License"
7721 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
7722 copying fee", "Freely Available"
7726 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
7732 =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
7744 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7748 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7756 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7760 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7762 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7764 =item The usenm option
7766 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7768 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7774 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7784 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7800 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7802 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7804 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7806 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7812 =item Accessing documentation
7816 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7818 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7820 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7822 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7826 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7830 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7832 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7834 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7836 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7838 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7842 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7850 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
7860 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7868 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7870 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7874 =item Contact Information
7876 =item Update 2002-05-30
7882 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7892 =item gzip on BS2000
7894 =item bison on BS2000
7896 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7898 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7900 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7902 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7904 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7906 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7908 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7910 =item Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions
7928 =head2 perlce - Perl for WinCE
7940 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
7941 celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources
7945 go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run
7950 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
7956 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7962 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7966 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7968 =item Cygwin Configuration
7970 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7974 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7978 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7980 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7982 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7983 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7985 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7987 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7988 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7991 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7993 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7997 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
8001 =item Errors on Cygwin
8007 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
8011 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
8013 =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
8015 =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
8017 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
8019 Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
8023 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
8025 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
8027 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
8028 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
8030 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
8038 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
8050 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
8054 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
8056 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
8058 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
8060 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
8070 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
8080 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
8084 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
8086 =item Building Perl on DOS
8088 =item Testing Perl on DOS
8090 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
8094 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
8098 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
8100 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
8102 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
8104 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
8114 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
8122 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
8124 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
8128 =item Editors on Epoc
8130 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
8132 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
8134 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
8138 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
8146 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
8154 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
8156 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
8158 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
8166 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
8175 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
8177 =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
8179 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
8191 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
8193 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
8195 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
8197 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
8199 =item The GNU C Compiler
8201 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
8203 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
8205 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
8207 =item Oracle on HP-UX
8209 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
8211 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
8213 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
8215 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
8219 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8227 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
8235 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
8243 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
8251 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
8253 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
8255 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
8257 =item Linker Problems in Irix
8259 =item Malloc in Irix
8261 =item Building with threads in Irix
8271 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
8280 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
8282 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
8284 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
8286 =item Building external modules on MachTen
8296 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
8310 =head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
8320 =item Installation Prefix
8322 =item libperl and Prebinding
8324 =item Updating Panther
8326 =item Known problems
8336 =item Starting From Scratch
8344 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
8350 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
8356 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
8364 =item Binary distribution from HP
8366 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
8368 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
8370 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
8372 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
8374 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
8376 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
8377 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
8379 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
8383 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
8385 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
8387 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
8389 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
8391 =item Perl/iX Change History
8397 =head2 perlnetware - Perl for NetWare
8411 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
8423 =item BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS
8425 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
8433 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
8453 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
8455 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
8457 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
8461 =item Frequently asked questions
8465 =item "It does not work"
8467 =item I cannot run external programs
8469 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
8472 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
8475 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
8477 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
8485 =item Automatic binary installation
8487 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
8489 =item Manual binary installation
8491 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
8492 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
8493 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
8494 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
8495 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
8501 =item Accessing documentation
8505 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
8513 =item GNU C<info> files
8525 =item The short story
8529 =item Getting perl source
8531 =item Application of the patches
8539 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
8542 =item Installing the built perl
8544 =item C<a.out>-style build
8548 =item Building a binary distribution
8550 =item Building custom F<.EXE> files
8554 =item Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded
8557 =item Making executables with a custom search-paths
8565 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
8567 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
8569 =item Problems with tr or sed
8571 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
8573 =item Library ... not found
8575 =item Segfault in make
8577 =item op/sprintf test failure
8581 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
8585 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
8589 =item C<extproc> on the first line
8591 =item Additional modules:
8593 =item Prebuilt methods:
8595 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
8596 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
8597 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
8598 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
8599 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
8600 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
8601 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
8602 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
8603 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
8604 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
8605 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
8606 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
8608 =item Prebuilt variables:
8610 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
8617 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
8620 =item Identifying DLLs
8622 =item Centralized management of resources
8624 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
8625 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
8626 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
8627 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
8641 =item F<perl___.exe>
8643 =item Why strange names?
8645 =item Why dynamic linking?
8647 =item Why chimera build?
8655 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
8657 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
8659 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
8661 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
8663 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
8665 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
8673 =item Text-mode filehandles
8677 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
8679 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
8681 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
8684 =item DLL forwarder generation
8688 =item Calls to external programs
8690 =item Memory allocation
8694 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
8710 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
8723 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
8725 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
8727 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
8729 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
8731 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8733 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8735 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8737 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
8739 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8741 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
8751 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
8759 =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
8767 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
8769 =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
8771 =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
8773 =item Known Problems
8783 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
8793 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
8795 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
8797 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
8799 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
8803 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
8807 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
8819 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
8827 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
8829 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
8831 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
8833 =item QNX auxiliary files
8837 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
8845 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
8853 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
8859 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
8865 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
8867 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
8869 =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
8873 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
8877 =item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
8879 =item Threads in perl on Solaris.
8881 =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
8885 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
8887 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
8888 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
8889 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8895 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8897 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8901 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8903 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8907 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8911 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8913 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8917 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8919 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8921 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8933 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8934 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8942 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8944 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8946 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8948 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8950 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
8952 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8954 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8958 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8960 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8962 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8968 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8976 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8978 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8984 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8994 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8996 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8998 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
9000 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
9002 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
9012 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
9018 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
9026 =item Organization of Perl Images
9032 =item Perl Extensions
9034 =item Installing static extensions
9036 =item Installing dynamic extensions
9040 =item File specifications
9046 =item Wildcard expansion
9052 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
9058 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
9060 =item Command line switches
9066 =item Perl functions
9068 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
9069 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
9070 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
9071 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
9073 =item Perl variables
9075 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
9077 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
9091 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
9097 =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
9099 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
9101 =item USING PERL IN VOS
9105 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
9107 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
9113 =item SUPPORT STATUS
9121 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
9131 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
9133 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
9134 SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW32 with gcc, MinGW release 1
9138 =item Testing Perl on Win32
9140 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
9142 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
9144 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
9145 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
9146 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
9148 =item Running Perl Scripts
9150 Miscellaneous Things
9154 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
9156 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
9160 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
9161 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
9162 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
9170 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
9172 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
9184 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
9194 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
9195 data structures between threads
9207 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
9208 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
9209 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9221 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9230 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9231 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9232 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9236 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9242 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
9243 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
9245 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9251 =head2 assertions - select assertions in blocks of code
9263 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9267 =head2 assertions::activate - activate assertions
9279 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9283 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
9293 =item Built-in Attributes
9295 locked, method, lvalue
9297 =item Available Subroutines
9301 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
9303 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
9305 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
9313 =item Default exports
9315 =item Available exports
9317 =item Export tags defined
9327 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
9343 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
9359 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
9371 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9375 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
9397 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
9409 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9415 inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
9419 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
9437 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
9461 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
9462 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
9463 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
9464 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
9465 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
9475 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
9489 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
9504 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
9513 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
9515 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
9519 =item Anonymous hashes
9523 =item Alias shortcut
9527 =item charnames::viacode(code)
9529 =item charnames::vianame(name)
9533 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
9539 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
9551 =item List constants
9553 =item Defining multiple constants at once
9555 =item Magic constants
9559 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
9569 =head2 diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics
9579 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
9581 =item The I<splain> Program
9595 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
9605 =item Literal Conversions
9607 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
9609 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
9613 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
9615 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
9619 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
9620 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
9622 =item The Filter Option
9626 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
9636 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
9638 =item tr/// with ranges
9640 Legend of characters above
9644 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
9646 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
9648 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
9656 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
9670 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
9680 =item subpragma access
9686 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
9700 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
9711 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
9721 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
9731 =item Adding directories to @INC
9733 =item Deleting directories from @INC
9735 =item Restoring original @INC
9749 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
9760 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
9768 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
9770 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
9776 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
9788 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
9798 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
9800 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
9802 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
9804 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
9806 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
9808 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
9810 =item Overloadable Operations
9812 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
9813 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
9814 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
9816 =item Inheritance and overloading
9818 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
9819 is inherited by derived classes
9823 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
9831 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
9833 =item Copy Constructor
9839 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
9841 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
9842 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
9843 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
9846 =item Losing overloading
9848 =item Run-time Overloading
9850 =item Public functions
9852 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
9854 =item Overloading constants
9856 integer, float, binary, q, qr
9858 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9860 =item Metaphor clash
9866 =item Two-face scalars
9868 =item Two-face references
9870 =item Symbolic calculator
9872 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
9880 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
9881 type, `%s' is not a code reference
9887 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
9899 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
9901 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
9905 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
9909 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
9917 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
9929 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
9937 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9943 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9953 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9954 structures between threads
9966 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
9967 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
9968 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9980 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9991 =item Utility functions
9993 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
9994 FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9995 utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
10005 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
10015 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
10025 =item What IS a version
10027 Numeric Versions, V-String Versions
10029 =item Numeric Versions
10031 =item V-String Versions
10033 =item Object Methods
10035 New Operator, Stringification, Numification, Comparison operators, Logical
10040 =item Types of Versions Objects
10042 Ordinary versions, alpha versions
10044 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
10056 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
10064 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
10068 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
10076 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
10077 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
10078 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
10079 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
10080 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
10084 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
10094 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
10096 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
10106 =item DBM Comparisons
10116 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
10126 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
10130 =item Typed lexicals
10132 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
10134 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
10136 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
10138 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
10146 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
10147 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
10148 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
10149 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
10150 be able to apply END handler>
10160 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
10170 =item Subroutine Stubs
10172 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10174 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10176 =item Package Lexicals
10178 =item Not Using AutoLoader
10180 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
10190 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
10198 $keep, $check, $modtime
10202 =item Multiple packages
10210 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
10220 =item Utility Functions
10224 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
10227 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
10228 check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
10230 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
10232 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
10234 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
10236 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
10238 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
10240 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
10241 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
10245 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
10249 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
10251 =item B::SV Methods
10253 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
10255 =item B::IV Methods
10257 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
10259 =item B::NV Methods
10263 =item B::RV Methods
10267 =item B::PV Methods
10271 =item B::PVMG Methods
10275 =item B::MAGIC Methods
10277 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
10279 =item B::PVLV Methods
10281 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
10283 =item B::BM Methods
10285 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
10287 =item B::GV Methods
10289 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
10290 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
10292 =item B::IO Methods
10294 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
10295 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
10297 =item B::AV Methods
10299 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS
10301 =item B::CV Methods
10303 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
10304 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
10306 =item B::HV Methods
10308 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
10310 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
10312 =item B::OP Methods
10314 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
10316 =item B::UNOP METHOD
10320 =item B::BINOP METHOD
10324 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
10328 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
10332 =item B::PMOP Methods
10334 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
10335 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
10337 =item B::SVOP METHOD
10341 =item B::PADOP METHOD
10345 =item B::PVOP METHOD
10349 =item B::LOOP Methods
10351 redoop, nextop, lastop
10353 =item B::COP Methods
10355 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io
10363 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
10372 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
10378 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
10390 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10410 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10422 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10432 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
10442 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
10443 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
10444 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
10455 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
10465 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
10466 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
10467 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
10479 =item Context of ".."
10483 =item Deprecated features
10491 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
10503 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
10504 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
10505 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
10507 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
10509 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
10510 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
10511 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
10512 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
10513 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
10514 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
10515 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
10516 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
10518 =item ABBREVIATIONS
10522 =item OP flags abbreviations
10524 =item OP class abbreviations
10528 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
10534 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
10546 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
10556 B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
10557 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
10559 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
10569 =item ambient_pragmas
10571 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
10583 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
10595 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
10603 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
10605 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<bare-subs>,
10606 B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
10607 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
10609 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
10619 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
10629 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10637 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
10649 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
10661 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
10663 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
10675 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
10685 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
10693 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10713 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
10727 =item Standard Exports
10729 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
10730 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
10731 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
10733 =item Optional Exports
10735 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
10736 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
10737 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
10739 =item :hireswallclock
10755 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
10759 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
10773 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10785 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10795 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
10807 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
10809 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
10811 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
10813 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
10815 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
10817 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
10819 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
10821 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
10823 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
10825 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
10827 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
10829 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
10831 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
10833 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
10835 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
10837 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
10839 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
10841 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
10842 B<:standard>, B<:all>
10846 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
10847 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
10850 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
10852 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
10853 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
10858 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
10862 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
10864 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
10866 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
10868 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
10870 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
10872 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
10874 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
10876 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
10877 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
10879 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
10883 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
10887 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
10889 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
10891 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
10893 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
10895 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
10897 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
10898 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
10900 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
10904 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
10908 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
10910 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
10912 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
10914 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
10918 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
10920 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
10922 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
10926 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
10928 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
10930 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
10934 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
10938 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
10942 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
10946 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
10950 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
10952 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
10954 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
10958 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
10960 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
10961 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
10963 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
10969 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
10970 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
10972 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
10974 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
10975 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
10978 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10984 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10988 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10990 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10991 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
10992 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
10993 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10994 B<virtual_port ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name
10995 ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10997 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10999 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
11004 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
11006 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
11008 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
11009 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
11011 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
11013 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11017 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
11018 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
11019 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
11020 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
11021 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
11022 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
11023 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
11024 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
11025 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
11026 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
11027 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
11028 ...and many many more..
11030 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
11038 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
11048 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11056 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
11065 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
11067 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
11071 =item Changing the default message
11075 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
11077 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
11085 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
11093 =item USING CGI::Cookie
11095 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
11099 =item Creating New Cookies
11101 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
11103 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
11105 =item Manipulating Cookies
11107 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
11111 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11119 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
11127 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
11129 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
11131 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
11133 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
11135 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
11137 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
11141 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11149 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
11159 =item Tags that won't be formatted
11161 =item Customizing the Indenting
11173 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
11181 =item USING CGI::Push
11183 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
11187 =item Heterogeneous Pages
11189 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
11193 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
11195 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11203 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
11213 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11221 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
11229 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11235 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
11247 =item Interactive Mode
11249 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
11250 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
11251 distribution, ls author, Signals
11259 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
11261 =item Programmer's interface
11263 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
11265 =item Methods in the other Classes
11267 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
11268 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
11269 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
11270 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
11271 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
11272 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
11273 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
11274 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
11275 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
11276 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
11277 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
11278 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
11279 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
11280 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
11281 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
11282 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
11283 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
11284 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
11285 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
11286 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
11287 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
11288 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
11289 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
11290 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
11291 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
11292 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
11294 =item Cache Manager
11298 =item Prerequisites
11300 =item Finding packages and VERSION
11304 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
11308 =item CONFIGURATION
11310 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
11311 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
11312 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
11313 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
11317 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
11319 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
11327 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
11329 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
11333 =item Three basic types of firewalls
11335 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
11337 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
11343 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
11355 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
11365 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
11378 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
11388 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
11396 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
11398 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
11408 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
11409 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
11410 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
11412 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
11420 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
11430 =item The C<struct()> function
11432 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
11434 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
11436 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
11437 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
11439 =item Initializing with C<new>
11445 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
11447 =item Author and Modification History
11451 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
11459 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
11471 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
11475 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
11476 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
11477 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
11478 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
11482 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
11486 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
11487 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
11488 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
11489 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
11490 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
11491 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
11492 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
11496 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
11497 C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>,
11498 C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>,
11499 C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>,
11500 C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>,
11501 C<d_const>, C<d_copysignl>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>,
11502 C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>,
11503 C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>,
11504 C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>,
11505 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>,
11506 C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>,
11507 C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>,
11508 C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>,
11509 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
11510 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>,
11511 C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>,
11512 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>,
11513 C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>,
11514 C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>,
11515 C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>,
11516 C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>,
11517 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
11518 C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>,
11519 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>,
11520 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
11521 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
11522 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
11523 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
11524 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
11525 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
11526 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
11527 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
11528 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
11529 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
11530 C<d_htonl>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
11531 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
11532 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>,
11533 C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>,
11534 C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>,
11535 C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>,
11536 C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>,
11537 C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_modflproto>,
11538 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
11539 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
11540 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
11541 C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>,
11542 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
11543 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
11544 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
11545 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
11546 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
11547 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
11548 C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
11549 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
11550 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
11551 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
11552 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
11553 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>,
11554 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
11555 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
11556 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
11557 C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>,
11558 C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>,
11559 C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
11560 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>,
11561 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
11562 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
11563 C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
11564 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
11565 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
11566 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
11567 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>,
11568 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
11569 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
11570 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
11571 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
11572 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>,
11573 C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
11574 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
11575 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
11576 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
11577 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
11578 C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>, C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>,
11579 C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
11580 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
11581 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
11582 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
11583 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
11584 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
11585 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
11586 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
11587 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
11591 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
11592 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
11593 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
11594 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
11598 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
11599 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
11604 C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
11605 C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
11606 C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
11607 C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
11608 C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
11609 C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
11610 C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
11611 C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
11612 C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
11613 C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
11617 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
11618 C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
11622 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
11623 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
11624 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
11625 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
11626 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
11627 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
11628 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
11629 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
11630 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
11631 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
11632 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
11633 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
11634 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
11635 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
11636 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
11637 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
11638 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
11639 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
11640 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>,
11641 C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>,
11642 C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
11643 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitehtml1dir>,
11644 C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>, C<installsiteman1dir>,
11645 C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>, C<installstyle>,
11646 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
11647 C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>, C<installvendorlib>,
11648 C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>, C<installvendorscript>,
11649 C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
11653 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
11657 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
11658 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
11659 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
11660 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
11661 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
11662 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
11667 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
11668 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
11669 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
11673 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>,
11674 C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>,
11679 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
11680 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
11681 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
11682 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
11683 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
11687 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
11688 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
11692 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
11693 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
11697 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
11698 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
11699 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
11700 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
11704 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
11708 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
11709 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
11710 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
11714 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
11715 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
11716 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
11717 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
11718 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
11719 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
11720 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
11721 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>,
11722 C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>,
11723 C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>,
11724 C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>,
11725 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
11726 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
11727 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
11728 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
11729 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>,
11730 C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
11731 C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
11732 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>,
11733 C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
11737 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
11738 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
11743 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
11744 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
11745 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
11746 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
11747 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>,
11748 C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>,
11749 C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>,
11750 C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>,
11751 C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>,
11756 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
11757 C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>,
11758 C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>,
11759 C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>,
11760 C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>,
11761 C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
11762 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
11766 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
11770 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
11782 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
11792 =item getcwd and friends
11794 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
11796 =item abs_path and friends
11798 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
11810 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
11822 =item Global Variables
11824 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
11825 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
11830 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
11831 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
11833 =item Client Callback Methods
11835 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
11836 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
11837 CLIENT->output(LIST)
11847 =head2 DBM_Filter -- Filter DBM keys/values
11855 =item What is a DBM Filter?
11859 =item So what's new?
11867 =item $db->Filter_Push()
11869 =item $db->Filter_Key_Push()
11871 =item $db->Filter_Value_Push()
11873 Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push
11875 =item $db->Filter_Pop()
11877 =item $db->Filtered()
11881 =item Writing a Filter
11885 =item Immediate Filters
11887 =item Canned Filters
11893 =item Filters Included
11895 utf8, encode, compress, int32, null
11901 =item Maintain Round Trip Integrity
11903 =item Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file.
11915 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
11923 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
11927 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
11929 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
11931 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
11933 =item Default Parameters
11935 =item In Memory Databases
11943 =item A Simple Example
11951 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
11953 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
11955 =item The get_dup() Method
11957 =item The find_dup() Method
11959 =item The del_dup() Method
11961 =item Matching Partial Keys
11969 =item The 'bval' Option
11971 =item A Simple Example
11973 =item Extra RECNO Methods
11975 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
11976 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
11977 length, elements);>
11979 =item Another Example
11983 =item THE API INTERFACE
11985 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
11986 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
11987 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
11988 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
11992 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
11993 B<filter_fetch_value>
11999 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
12001 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
12005 =item HINTS AND TIPS
12009 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
12011 =item Safe ways to lock a database
12013 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
12015 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
12017 =item The untie() Gotcha
12021 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
12025 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
12027 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
12029 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
12031 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
12051 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
12052 printing and C<eval>
12064 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
12065 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
12066 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
12073 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
12099 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
12107 =item PROFILE FORMAT
12119 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
12141 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
12151 =item Runtime debugging
12153 =item Memory footprint debugging
12161 =item A simple scalar string
12163 =item A simple scalar number
12165 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
12167 =item A reference to a simple scalar
12169 =item A reference to an array
12171 =item A reference to a hash
12173 =item Dumping a large array or hash
12175 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
12177 =item A reference to a subroutine
12191 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
12201 =head2 Digest - Modules that calculate message digests
12209 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
12213 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
12214 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
12215 $ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits(
12216 $data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest,
12217 $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
12227 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
12237 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
12241 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
12242 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits),
12243 $md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
12255 =head2 Digest::base - Digest base class
12267 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
12279 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
12291 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
12292 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
12293 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
12298 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
12299 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
12305 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
12313 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
12314 @dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(),
12315 dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(),
12316 dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(),
12317 dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
12323 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
12334 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
12336 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
12340 =item Order of initialization: early load()
12344 =item The most hairy case
12354 =head2 Encode - character encodings
12362 =item Table of Contents
12374 =item PERL ENCODING API
12376 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
12377 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
12378 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
12383 =item Listing available encodings
12385 =item Defining Aliases
12389 =item Encoding via PerlIO
12391 =item Handling Malformed Data
12393 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
12394 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
12395 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
12396 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
12401 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
12405 =item Defining Encodings
12407 =item The UTF-8 flag
12409 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
12413 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
12415 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
12425 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
12433 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12438 =item Alias overloading
12446 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
12460 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12462 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
12478 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
12480 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
12482 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
12496 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
12506 =item Methods you should implement
12508 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12509 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12511 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12513 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
12515 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12519 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12523 =item Compiled Encodings
12529 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12533 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
12543 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12544 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12545 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12555 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
12565 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
12573 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12575 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
12577 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
12591 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
12593 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
12609 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
12615 =item How does it work?
12617 =item Line Buffering
12621 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12629 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
12637 =item Encoding Names
12641 =item Supported Encodings
12645 =item Built-in Encodings
12647 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12649 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12651 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12652 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12654 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12656 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12657 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12658 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12660 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12662 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12666 =item Unsupported encodings
12668 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12669 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12670 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12671 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12673 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12675 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12679 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12681 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12687 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12688 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12695 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12696 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12700 =item Other Notable Sites
12702 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12703 "Introduction to i18n"
12705 =item Offline sources
12707 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12713 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
12727 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
12743 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
12751 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
12753 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
12759 =item by endianness
12761 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
12765 =item Surrogate Pairs
12771 =head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
12785 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
12794 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12799 =item Alias overloading
12807 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
12808 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12810 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
12813 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
12816 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
12817 Implementation Base Class
12827 =item Methods you should implement
12829 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12830 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12832 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12834 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
12836 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12840 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12844 =item Compiled Encodings
12850 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12854 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
12865 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12866 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12867 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12877 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
12878 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12880 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
12883 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
12886 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
12887 and 'Q' header encoding
12903 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
12904 on Encode and PerlIO
12910 =item How does it work?
12912 =item Line Buffering
12916 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12924 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
12925 supported by Encode
12933 =item Encoding Names
12937 =item Supported Encodings
12941 =item Built-in Encodings
12943 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12945 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12947 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12948 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12950 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12952 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12953 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12954 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12956 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12958 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12962 =item Unsupported encodings
12964 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12965 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12966 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12967 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12969 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12971 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12975 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12977 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12983 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12984 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12991 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12992 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12996 =item Other Notable Sites
12998 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12999 "Introduction to i18n"
13001 =item Offline sources
13003 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
13009 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
13024 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
13036 =item Predefined Methods
13038 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
13039 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
13040 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
13042 =item Example: base64 transcoder
13044 =item Operator Overloading
13052 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
13053 non-ascii or non-utf8
13063 =item Literal Conversions
13065 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
13067 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
13071 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
13073 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
13077 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
13078 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
13080 =item The Filter Option
13084 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
13094 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
13096 =item tr/// with ranges
13098 Legend of characters above
13102 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
13104 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
13106 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
13114 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
13126 =item Predefined Methods
13128 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
13129 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
13130 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
13132 =item Example: base64 transcoder
13134 =item Operator Overloading
13142 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
13155 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
13170 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
13186 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
13196 =item How to Export
13198 =item Selecting What To Export
13200 =item How to Import
13202 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
13206 =item Advanced features
13210 =item Specialised Import Lists
13212 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
13214 =item Exporting without inheriting from Exporter
13216 =item Module Version Checking
13218 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
13220 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
13222 =item Generating combined tags
13224 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
13230 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
13240 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
13261 mv source... destination
13263 cp source... destination
13283 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
13297 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
13299 B<perllocal_install>
13303 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
13313 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
13321 perl_stringify NAME
13325 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
13327 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
13331 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
13339 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
13342 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13344 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
13346 WriteMakefileSnippet
13348 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
13349 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13357 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
13369 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
13370 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
13380 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
13398 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
13410 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>
13418 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
13430 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
13431 packlist(), version()
13439 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
13447 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
13448 dynamic extensions at load time
13454 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
13464 =item VMS implementation
13466 =item Win32 implementation
13474 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
13484 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
13492 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
13500 blibdirs_target (o)
13504 =item File::Spec wrappers
13512 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
13528 makemakerdflt_target
13548 metafile_addtomanifest_target
13550 signature_addtomanifest_target
13554 =item Abstract methods
13556 oneliner, B<quote_literal>, B<escape_newlines>, max_exec_len,
13557 B<init_others>, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform,
13570 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13571 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13585 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13586 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13600 replace_manpage_separator (o)
13604 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13614 =item Overridden methods
13622 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13632 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13633 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13655 init_platform, platform_constants
13661 special_targets (o)
13671 clean_subdirs_target
13675 realclean_subdirs_target
13683 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13684 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13696 init_platform (o), platform_constants
13704 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13705 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13723 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13733 =item Overridden methods
13741 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13751 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13777 clean_subdirs_target
13789 dir_target B<DEPRECATED>
13839 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
13869 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
13913 post_initialize (o)
13927 realclean_subdirs_target
13929 replace_manpage_separator
13951 test_via_harness (override)
13953 test_via_script (override)
13977 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13978 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13988 =item Methods always loaded
14000 guess_name (override)
14004 find_perl (override)
14006 maybe_command (override)
14008 perl_script (override)
14010 replace_manpage_separator
14016 init_main (override)
14018 init_others (override)
14020 init_platform (override)
14024 init_VERSION (override)
14026 constants (override)
14032 const_cccmd (override)
14034 tool_sxubpp (override)
14036 tools_other (override)
14038 init_dist (override)
14048 dynamic_lib (override)
14050 dynamic_bs (override)
14052 static_lib (override)
14054 processPL (override)
14056 installbin (override)
14058 subdir_x (override)
14062 clean_subdirs_target
14064 realclean (override)
14066 zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o)
14068 dist_test (override)
14072 perldepend (override)
14074 makefile (override)
14076 find_tests (override)
14080 makeaperl (override)
14082 nicetext (override)
14084 prefixify (override)
14104 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14105 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14117 =item Overridden methods
14123 replace_manpage_separator
14133 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
14135 special_targets (o)
14157 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
14167 =item Overriden methods
14183 clean_subdirs_target
14185 realclean_subdirs_target
14197 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
14207 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
14217 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
14219 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
14227 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
14231 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
14233 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
14235 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
14237 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
14239 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
14240 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
14241 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
14242 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
14243 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
14244 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
14245 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH,
14246 INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR,
14247 INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
14248 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
14249 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
14250 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT,
14251 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
14252 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW,
14253 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
14254 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
14255 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST,
14256 VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
14258 =item Additional lowercase attributes
14260 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
14261 test, tool_autosplit
14263 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
14265 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
14267 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
14269 =item Hintsfile support
14271 =item Distribution Support
14273 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
14274 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
14275 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
14277 =item Module Meta-Data
14279 =item Disabling an extension
14281 =item Other Handy Functions
14289 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
14299 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
14308 =item Module Installation
14310 How do I keep from installing man pages?, How do I use a module without
14313 =item Philosophy and History
14315 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What is
14316 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
14317 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
14319 =item Module Writing
14321 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
14322 this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!
14326 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
14327 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
14340 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
14354 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
14363 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version-agnostic bytes.pm
14373 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
14383 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
14421 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
14425 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
14433 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
14434 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
14438 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
14446 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
14458 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
14468 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
14477 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
14485 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
14497 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
14505 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
14515 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
14527 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
14537 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
14541 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
14549 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
14553 C<basename>, C<dirname>
14557 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
14571 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
14585 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
14595 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
14597 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
14609 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
14619 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
14631 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
14639 B<find>, B<finddepth>
14645 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
14646 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
14647 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
14649 =item The wanted function
14651 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
14652 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
14653 pathname to the file
14661 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
14665 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
14671 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
14679 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
14680 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
14681 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
14685 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
14693 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
14707 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
14717 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
14718 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
14719 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
14727 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
14739 file_name_is_absolute
14743 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
14763 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
14781 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
14809 file_name_is_absolute
14831 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
14843 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
14876 file_name_is_absolute
14898 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
14914 =item Methods always loaded
14916 canonpath (override)
14934 case_tolerant (override)
14938 file_name_is_absolute (override)
14940 splitpath (override)
14942 splitdir (override)
14956 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
14982 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
14992 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
15028 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
15042 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
15052 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
15060 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
15072 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
15074 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
15086 =item Temporary files and NFS
15098 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
15114 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
15122 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
15132 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
15140 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
15146 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
15160 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
15162 =item All-in-one interface
15164 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
15166 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
15169 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
15171 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
15172 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
15173 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
15175 described in the previous section.
15177 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
15179 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
15191 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
15201 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
15205 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
15207 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
15215 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
15217 =item Example 2: Using the context
15219 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
15221 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
15225 =item Filter::Simple
15233 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
15241 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
15253 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
15269 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
15277 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
15279 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
15283 =item Simple options
15285 =item A little bit less simple options
15287 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
15289 =item Options with values
15291 =item Options with multiple values
15293 =item Options with hash values
15295 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
15297 =item Options with multiple names
15299 =item Case and abbreviations
15301 =item Summary of Option Specifications
15303 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
15308 =item Advanced Possibilities
15312 =item Object oriented interface
15314 =item Thread Safety
15316 =item Documentation and help texts
15318 =item Storing options in a hash
15322 =item The lonesome dash
15324 =item Argument callback
15328 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
15330 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
15331 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
15332 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
15333 (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
15334 (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
15335 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
15337 =item Exportable Methods
15339 VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
15341 =item Return values and Errors
15347 =item Default destinations
15349 =item Alternative option starters
15351 =item Configuration variables
15355 =item Trouble Shooting
15359 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
15362 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
15364 =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
15366 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
15372 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15376 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches
15377 with switch clustering
15385 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
15389 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
15399 =item Restricted hashes
15401 lock_keys, unlock_keys
15407 lock_value, unlock_value
15409 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
15423 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
15434 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
15445 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
15447 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
15449 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
15451 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
15453 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
15455 the function super_languages($lang1)
15457 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
15459 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
15461 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
15463 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
15467 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
15469 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
15479 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
15487 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
15489 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
15491 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
15492 Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
15493 Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
15494 {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
15495 {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
15496 {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
15497 : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
15498 Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
15499 Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
15500 : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
15501 Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
15502 : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
15503 Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
15504 Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
15505 (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
15506 {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
15507 Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
15508 Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
15509 (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
15510 American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
15511 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
15512 : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
15513 Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
15514 Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
15515 {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
15516 : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
15517 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
15518 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
15519 Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
15520 Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
15521 {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
15522 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
15523 : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
15524 English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
15525 (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
15526 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
15527 : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
15528 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
15529 (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
15530 Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
15531 {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
15532 {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
15533 German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
15534 : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
15535 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
15536 Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
15537 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
15538 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
15539 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
15540 {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
15541 (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
15542 (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
15543 Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
15544 Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
15545 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
15546 Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
15547 {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
15548 Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
15549 : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
15550 {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
15551 {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
15552 {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
15553 Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
15554 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
15555 Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
15556 Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
15557 Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
15558 (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
15559 : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
15560 {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
15561 {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
15562 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
15563 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
15564 Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
15565 [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
15566 Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
15567 Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
15568 {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
15569 languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
15570 {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
15571 {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
15572 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
15573 {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
15574 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
15575 Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
15576 : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
15577 Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
15578 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
15579 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
15580 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
15581 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
15582 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
15583 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
15584 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
15585 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
15586 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
15587 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
15588 Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
15589 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
15590 Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
15591 {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
15592 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
15593 Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
15594 Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
15595 (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
15596 {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
15597 Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
15598 South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
15599 Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
15600 {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
15601 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
15602 {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
15603 Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
15604 Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
15605 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
15606 {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
15607 Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
15608 : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
15609 Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
15610 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
15611 Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
15612 : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
15613 : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
15614 Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
15615 Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
15616 : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
15621 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15627 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
15645 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15649 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
15661 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
15669 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15670 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15680 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15690 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15694 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
15702 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
15712 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15716 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15717 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15718 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15719 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15731 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15741 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15745 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15755 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15765 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15766 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
15776 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
15784 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
15785 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
15794 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
15804 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
15808 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
15809 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
15810 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
15820 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
15834 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
15835 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
15845 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
15861 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
15874 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
15888 hostpath(), peerpath()
15898 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
15907 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15908 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15918 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15928 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15932 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
15940 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
15951 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15955 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15956 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15957 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15958 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15970 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15980 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15984 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15994 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
16004 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
16005 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
16015 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
16024 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
16025 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
16034 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
16045 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
16049 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
16050 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
16051 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
16061 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
16076 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
16077 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
16087 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
16088 AF_INET domain sockets
16104 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
16117 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
16118 AF_UNIX domain sockets
16132 hostpath(), peerpath()
16142 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
16152 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
16153 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
16164 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
16178 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
16191 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
16201 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
16202 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
16203 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16214 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
16232 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
16242 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
16243 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
16254 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
16265 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
16266 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
16267 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16278 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
16286 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16287 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16291 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16297 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
16298 general-utility list subroutines
16306 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16307 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16311 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16317 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
16318 general-utility scalar subroutines
16326 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
16327 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
16328 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
16338 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
16346 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16350 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
16358 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
16366 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16368 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16370 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16371 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16373 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16375 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
16377 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
16383 =item rename_country
16391 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16395 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
16396 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
16397 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
16398 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
16406 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
16407 identification (ISO 4217)
16417 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16419 code2currency(), currency2code()
16421 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16423 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
16427 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16431 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
16432 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
16440 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
16449 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16451 code2language(), language2code()
16453 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16455 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
16459 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16463 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
16464 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
16472 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
16480 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
16486 =item Construction Methods
16488 =item The "maketext" Method
16490 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
16492 =item Utility Methods
16494 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
16495 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
16496 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
16497 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
16499 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
16503 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
16505 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
16507 =item BRACKET NOTATION
16509 =item AUTO LEXICONS
16511 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
16513 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
16517 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
16523 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
16531 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
16535 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
16537 =item The Linguistic View
16539 =item Breaking gettext
16541 =item Replacing gettext
16543 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
16545 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
16547 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
16549 =item Buzzword: Concision
16551 =item The Devil in the Details
16553 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
16561 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
16569 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16573 =item SPECIAL CODES
16577 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16579 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16580 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16582 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16584 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
16588 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16592 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
16593 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
16601 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
16609 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
16613 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
16623 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
16624 of quoted-printable strings
16632 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16640 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
16649 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16657 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
16667 =item Canonical notation
16671 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
16673 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
16677 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
16678 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
16686 =item Autocreating constants
16692 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
16700 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
16710 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
16742 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
16744 =item is_pos()/is_neg()
16746 $x->is_pos(); # true if >= 0
16747 $x->is_neg(); # true if < 0
16749 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
16835 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
16845 =item Rounding mode R
16847 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
16848 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
16849 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
16862 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
16870 =item Autocreating constants
16876 =item Alternative math libraries
16882 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
16890 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
16896 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
16901 bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling,
16902 Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types,
16913 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
16925 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
16929 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
16931 the same terms as Perl itself.
16939 =head2 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
16951 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
16953 the same terms as Perl itself.
16961 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rational numbers
16983 =item denominator()
16985 $d = $x->denominator();
16995 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
17003 =item is_positive()
17005 =item is_negative()
17029 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
17030 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(),
17031 blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial)
17041 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
17054 =item STRINGIFICATION
17058 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
17064 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
17066 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
17074 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
17082 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
17088 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
17090 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
17094 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
17096 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
17100 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
17102 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
17104 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
17105 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
17109 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
17115 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
17125 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
17143 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
17145 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
17149 =item OTHER FACILITIES
17155 =item C<flush_cache>
17161 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
17163 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
17171 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17177 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
17186 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
17197 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
17209 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
17217 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
17225 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
17234 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
17243 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
17251 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
17259 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17265 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17269 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17273 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
17284 =item Enforcing redispatch
17286 =item Avoiding repetitions
17288 =item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
17290 =item Using C<EVERY> methods
17296 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
17302 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
17312 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
17315 =item CLASS METHODS
17317 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
17318 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
17319 ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
17329 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
17339 requires_firewall HOST
17341 =item NetConfig VALUES
17343 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
17344 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
17345 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
17349 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
17358 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
17366 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
17378 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
17382 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
17383 site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
17384 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [,
17385 RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), alloc ( SIZE [,
17386 RECORD_SIZE] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]]
17387 ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [,
17388 REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (),
17389 mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash (
17390 [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [
17391 DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port (
17392 [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
17393 pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait (
17394 NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
17398 =item Methods for the adventurous
17404 =item THE dataconn CLASS
17406 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
17407 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
17409 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
17411 B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
17413 =item REPORTING BUGS
17421 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/
17429 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
17439 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
17443 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
17444 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
17445 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
17446 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
17447 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
17448 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
17449 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
17453 =item Extension methods
17455 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
17456 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
17457 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
17458 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
17467 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
17477 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
17487 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
17491 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
17492 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
17493 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
17494 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
17506 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
17518 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
17519 ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
17520 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
17521 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
17522 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
17539 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
17551 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
17555 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
17556 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
17557 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
17558 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
17559 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
17560 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
17573 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
17581 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
17582 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
17590 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
17607 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
17615 =item Where to get this document
17617 =item How to contribute to this document
17621 =item Author and Copyright Information
17629 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
17633 =item What is libnet ?
17635 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
17637 =item What other modules do I need ?
17639 =item What machines support libnet ?
17641 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
17645 =item Using Net::FTP
17649 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
17651 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
17653 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
17655 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
17658 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
17660 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
17662 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
17664 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
17666 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
17668 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
17671 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
17673 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
17676 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
17679 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
17683 =item Using Net::SMTP
17687 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
17690 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
17692 =item The verify method always returns true ?
17696 =item Debugging scripts
17700 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
17704 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
17708 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
17725 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
17740 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
17757 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
17765 =item THE .netrc FILE
17767 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
17772 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
17776 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
17786 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
17796 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17804 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
17812 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17818 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17822 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17826 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
17838 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
17840 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
17841 or optag, an operator set (opset)
17843 =item Opcode Functions
17845 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
17846 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
17847 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
17850 =item Manipulating Opsets
17852 =item TO DO (maybe)
17858 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
17860 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
17861 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
17862 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
17871 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
17880 a new namespace, an operator mask
17886 =item RECENT CHANGES
17888 =item Methods in class Safe
17890 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17891 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17892 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17893 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17895 =item Some Safety Issues
17897 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17905 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
17918 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
17932 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
17933 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
17934 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
17935 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
17936 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
17937 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
17938 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
17939 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
17940 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
17941 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
17942 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
17943 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
17944 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
17945 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
17946 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
17947 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
17948 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
17949 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
17950 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
17951 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
17952 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
17953 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
17954 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
17955 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
17956 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
17963 =item POSIX::SigAction
17965 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
17967 =item POSIX::SigSet
17969 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
17971 =item POSIX::Termios
17973 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
17974 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
17975 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
17976 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
17977 values, c_oflag field values
17981 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
17985 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
17989 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
18043 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
18044 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
18048 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
18057 :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32
18061 =item Custom Layers
18065 =item Alternatives to raw
18067 =item Defaults and how to override them
18069 =item Querying the layers of filehandles
18079 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
18091 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO
18099 =item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
18103 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
18111 =item EXPECTED METHODS
18113 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
18114 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
18115 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
18116 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
18117 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
18118 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
18119 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
18120 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
18126 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
18132 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
18140 =item REQUIRED MODULES
18144 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
18150 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
18156 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
18162 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
18174 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
18175 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
18176 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
18177 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
18178 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
18179 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
18180 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
18181 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
18186 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
18187 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
18188 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
18189 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
18190 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
18191 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
18196 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
18197 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
18209 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
18211 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
18214 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
18216 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
18218 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
18220 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
18222 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
18224 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
18232 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
18244 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
18246 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
18253 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
18259 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
18261 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
18268 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
18280 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
18290 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir,
18291 htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot,
18292 quiet, recurse, title, verbose
18306 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
18319 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
18320 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
18326 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
18350 =item B<was_cutting()>
18356 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
18362 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
18368 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
18374 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
18380 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18386 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
18392 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
18398 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
18404 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
18410 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
18416 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
18422 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
18428 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
18434 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
18440 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
18446 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18452 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
18458 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
18464 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
18470 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
18476 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
18482 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
18488 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
18494 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
18500 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
18506 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
18512 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
18518 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18524 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
18536 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
18548 =item OBJECT METHODS
18556 =item Data Accessors
18572 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
18574 B<StartWithNewPage>
18588 =item Subclassed methods
18602 B<interior_sequence>
18618 =item Methods for headings
18626 =item Internal methods
18632 B<_replace_special_chars>
18634 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
18640 B<_clean_latex_commands>
18642 B<_split_delimited>
18658 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
18666 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
18671 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
18672 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
18673 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
18684 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18688 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
18700 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18704 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
18718 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
18726 $list-E<gt>indent()
18734 $list-E<gt>parent()
18740 =item Pod::Hyperlink
18742 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
18746 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
18748 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
18752 $link-E<gt>warning()
18754 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
18760 $link-E<gt>alttext()
18770 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
18776 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
18780 =item Pod::Cache::Item
18782 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
18786 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
18788 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
18790 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
18792 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
18794 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
18796 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
18798 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
18808 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
18820 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
18822 =item PARSING OPTIONS
18824 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
18825 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
18831 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18839 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18845 =item B<verbatim()>
18847 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18853 =item B<textblock()>
18855 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18861 =item B<interior_sequence()>
18867 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18879 =item B<initialize()>
18885 =item B<begin_pod()>
18891 =item B<begin_input()>
18897 =item B<end_input()>
18909 =item B<preprocess_line()>
18915 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
18921 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
18927 =item B<parse_text()>
18929 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
18930 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
18931 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
18937 =item B<interpolate()>
18943 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
18949 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
18955 =item B<parse_from_file()>
18961 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
18967 =item B<errorsub()>
18979 =item B<parseopts()>
18985 =item B<output_file()>
18991 =item B<output_handle()>
18997 =item B<input_file()>
19003 =item B<input_handle()>
19009 =item B<input_streams()>
19015 =item B<top_stream()>
19021 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
19027 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
19033 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
19039 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
19047 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
19057 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19063 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
19075 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19081 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
19093 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19099 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
19109 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19115 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
19125 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19131 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
19143 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19149 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
19163 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
19173 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19179 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
19187 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
19191 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
19192 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
19204 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
19224 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
19237 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
19239 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
19245 =item OBJECT METHODS
19251 =item B<curr_headings()>
19263 =item B<add_selection()>
19269 =item B<clear_selections()>
19275 =item B<match_section()>
19281 =item B<is_selected()>
19287 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
19293 =item B<podselect()>
19295 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
19301 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
19307 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
19313 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
19319 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
19331 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
19339 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
19343 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
19344 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
19345 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
19356 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19360 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
19374 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19378 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
19393 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19397 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
19412 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19416 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
19425 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
19434 =item Recommended Use
19442 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
19446 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
19454 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
19460 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
19464 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
19468 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
19476 a new namespace, an operator mask
19482 =item RECENT CHANGES
19484 =item Methods in class Safe
19486 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
19487 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
19488 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
19489 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
19491 =item Some Safety Issues
19493 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
19501 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
19509 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
19510 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
19511 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
19521 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
19531 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
19541 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
19551 =item The __DATA__ token
19553 =item SelfLoader autoloading
19555 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
19557 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
19559 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
19561 =item Classes and inherited methods.
19565 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
19569 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
19579 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
19587 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
19588 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
19596 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
19597 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
19598 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
19599 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
19600 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
19604 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
19614 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
19618 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
19620 =item CODE REFERENCES
19622 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
19624 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
19626 =item ERROR REPORTING
19634 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
19639 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
19640 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
19648 =item Storable magic
19658 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
19670 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
19684 =item Allowing fall-through
19686 =item Automating fall-through
19688 =item Alternative syntax
19690 =item Higher-order Operations
19706 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
19718 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
19730 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
19731 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19739 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19740 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19741 in 5.004_02), closelog
19751 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
19752 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19760 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19761 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19762 in 5.004_02), closelog
19772 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
19782 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
19783 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
19784 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
19788 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
19798 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19802 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
19818 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
19820 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19822 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19824 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
19832 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19840 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
19848 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
19858 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
19859 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
19867 =item Minimal set of supported functions
19869 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
19870 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
19872 =item Additional supported functions
19874 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
19884 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
19892 =item QUICK START GUIDE
19898 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
19899 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
19909 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
19915 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
19919 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
19929 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
19949 =item Setting up tests
19967 =item Running tests
19973 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
19975 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
20001 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
20013 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
20017 =item Test Status and Info
20051 =head2 Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
20067 =item The test script output
20069 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
20070 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
20075 =item Configuration variables.
20077 B<$Test::Harness::Verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
20081 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
20108 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
20109 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
20110 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
20111 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
20115 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
20116 C<HARNESS_DEBUG>, C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>,
20117 C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_OK_SLOW>, C<HARNESS_PERL>,
20118 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
20138 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
20164 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
20182 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
20220 =item C<analyze_fh>
20226 =item C<analyze_file>
20232 =item C<_command_line( $file )>
20250 =item C<_cleaned_switches>
20256 =item C<_INC2PERL5LIB>
20262 =item C<_filtered_INC>
20268 =item C<_restore_PERL5LIB>
20278 =item C<_is_comment>
20286 =item C<_is_header>
20298 =item C<_is_bail_out>
20304 =item C<_reset_file_state>
20314 =item C<_detailize>
20330 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
20340 =item I love it when a plan comes together
20350 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
20390 =item Conditional tests
20396 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
20398 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
20402 =item Comparison functions
20416 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
20426 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
20428 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
20441 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
20465 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
20474 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
20482 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
20484 =item Where to start?
20488 =item Test the manual
20490 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
20492 =item Testing lots of values
20494 =item Informative names
20496 =item Skipping tests
20500 =item Testing with taint mode.
20512 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
20524 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
20534 =item General behaviour in list contexts
20538 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
20540 =item A note about prefixes
20542 =item C<extract_delimited>
20544 =item C<extract_bracketed>
20546 =item C<extract_variable>
20550 =item C<extract_tagged>
20552 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
20553 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
20555 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
20557 =item C<extract_quotelike>
20559 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
20561 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
20563 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
20565 =item C<extract_codeblock>
20567 =item C<extract_multiple>
20569 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
20575 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
20576 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
20577 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
20578 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
20579 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
20580 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
20581 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
20582 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
20583 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
20584 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
20585 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
20586 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
20591 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
20597 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
20612 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
20629 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
20644 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
20660 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
20672 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
20673 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
20674 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
20678 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
20686 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
20694 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20696 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
20702 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
20710 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20712 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
20716 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
20731 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
20741 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
20749 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
20750 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
20751 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
20752 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
20760 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
20780 =item Option Format
20784 =item Public Methods
20792 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
20798 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
20800 =item Deferred Writing
20804 =item Autodeferring
20808 =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
20814 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
20828 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
20837 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
20838 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
20839 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
20840 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
20842 =item MORE INFORMATION
20844 =item COMPATIBILITY
20848 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
20857 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
20858 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR
20861 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
20863 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
20865 =item C<SCALAR>, C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
20867 =item MORE INFORMATION
20871 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
20879 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
20889 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
20907 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
20916 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
20918 =item MORE INFORMATION
20922 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
20934 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
20943 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
20944 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
20945 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer (
20946 $which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer (
20957 =item negative time not invented yet
20959 =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
20967 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20971 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
20981 =item Ambiguous Local Times (DST)
20983 =item Negative Epoch Values
20987 =item IMPLEMENTATION
20997 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
21012 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
21027 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
21039 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
21047 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<isa( VAL, TYPE )>,
21048 C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<<
21049 CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<can( VAL, METHOD )>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
21055 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
21065 =item Constructor and Tailoring
21067 UCA_Version, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreName, ignoreChar,
21068 level, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange,
21069 table, undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower,
21070 variable, alternate
21072 =item Methods for Collation
21074 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
21075 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
21076 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
21077 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
21078 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
21079 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
21080 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
21082 =item Methods for Searching
21084 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
21085 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
21086 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
21087 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
21088 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
21089 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
21090 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
21092 =item Other Methods
21094 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, C<$version =
21095 $Collator-E<gt>version()>, C<UCA_Version()>, C<Base_Unicode_Version()>
21101 =item Conformance Test
21109 Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation
21110 Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable
21111 Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15, L<Unicode::Normalize>
21115 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
21125 =item Normalization Forms
21127 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
21128 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
21129 C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>, C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>,
21130 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
21132 =item Decomposition and Composition
21134 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
21135 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
21136 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
21140 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
21141 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
21142 checkFCD($string)>, C<$result = checkFCC($string)>, C<$result =
21143 check($form_name, $string)>
21145 =item Character Data
21147 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
21148 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
21149 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
21150 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
21151 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
21152 C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
21153 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
21163 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/,
21164 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt,
21165 http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/
21169 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
21211 =item Blocks versus Scripts
21213 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
21215 =item Code Point Arguments
21241 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
21247 =item Implementation Note
21259 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
21274 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
21285 =item System Specifics
21299 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
21307 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
21309 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
21310 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
21311 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
21312 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
21313 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFolderPath(FOLDER [,
21314 CREATE]), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(),
21315 Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(),
21316 Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
21317 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
21318 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
21319 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
21320 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
21321 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
21322 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
21323 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
21324 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
21325 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
21326 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
21332 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
21342 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
21344 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
21348 =item Order of initialization: early load()
21352 =item The most hairy case
21362 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
21364 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
21365 don't all have manual pages yet:
21399 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob