4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
47 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
48 About Perl, What is Perl?, Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it
49 free?, Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4 and perl5?, What
50 is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is Perl difficult to learn?, How does Perl
51 compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?, Can
52 I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I program in Perl?, What's the
53 difference between "perl" and "Perl"?, Is it a Perl program or a Perl
54 script?, What is a JAPH?, Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?,
55 How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
56 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and
57 Learning about Perl, What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?, How
58 can I get a binary version of Perl?, I don't have a C compiler on my
59 system. How can I compile perl?, I copied the Perl binary from one machine
60 to another, but scripts don't work, I grabbed the sources and tried to
61 compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make
62 it work?, What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is
63 CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is there an ISO or ANSI certified
64 version of Perl?, Where can I get information on Perl?, What are the Perl
65 newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?, Where should I post
66 source code?, Perl Books, Perl in Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW
67 Access, What mailing lists are there for Perl?, Archives of
68 comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?, Where
69 do I send bug reports?, What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?,
70 L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools, How do I do (anything)?, How can I use Perl
71 interactively?, Is there a Perl shell?, How do I debug my Perl programs?,
72 How do I profile my Perl programs?, How do I cross-reference my Perl
73 programs?, Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is there a
74 ctags for Perl?, Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?, Where can I get
75 Perl macros for vi?, Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use
76 curses with Perl?, How can I use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I generate
77 simple menus without using CGI or Tk?, What is undump?, How can I make my
78 Perl program run faster?, How can I make my Perl program take less memory?,
79 Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?, How can I free an array or
80 hash so my program shrinks?, How can I make my CGI script more efficient?,
81 How can I hide the source for my Perl program?, How can I compile my Perl
82 program into byte code or C?, How can I compile Perl into Java?, How can I
83 get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful Perl programs
84 on the command line?, Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS
85 system?, Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?, Where can
86 I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about
87 linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc.,
88 but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong?, When I
89 tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?, What's
90 MakeMaker?, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, Why am I getting long decimals
91 (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg,
92 19.95)?, Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does Perl have a
93 round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?, How do
94 I convert bits into ints?, Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?, How do
95 I multiply matrices?, How do I perform an operation on a series of
96 integers?, How can I output Roman numerals?, Why aren't my random numbers
97 random?, How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find
98 the current century or millennium?, How can I compare two dates and find
99 the difference?, How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?,
100 How can I find the Julian Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl
101 have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How do I validate
102 input?, How do I unescape a string?, How do I remove consecutive pairs of
103 characters?, How do I expand function calls in a string?, How do I find
104 matching/nesting anything?, How do I reverse a string?, How do I expand
105 tabs in a string?, How do I reformat a paragraph?, How can I access/change
106 the first N letters of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of
107 something?, How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within
108 a string?, How do I capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I split
109 a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]?
110 (Comma-separated files), How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end
111 of a string?, How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with
112 zeroes?, How do I extract selected columns from a string?, How do I find
113 the soundex value of a string?, How can I expand variables in text
114 strings?, What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my <<HERE
115 documents work?, What is the difference between a list and an array?, What
116 is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?, How can I remove
117 duplicate elements from a list or array?, How can I tell whether a list or
118 array contains a certain element?, How do I compute the difference of two
119 arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?, How do I test
120 whether two arrays or hashes are equal?, How do I find the first array
121 element for which a condition is true?, How do I handle linked lists?, How
122 do I handle circular lists?, How do I shuffle an array randomly?, How do I
123 process/modify each element of an array?, How do I select a random element
124 from an array?, How do I permute N elements of a list?, How do I sort an
125 array by (anything)?, How do I manipulate arrays of bits?, Why does
126 defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?, How do I process an
127 entire hash?, What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while
128 iterating over it?, How do I look up a hash element by value?, How can I
129 know how many entries are in a hash?, How do I sort a hash (optionally by
130 value instead of key)?, How can I always keep my hash sorted?, What's the
131 difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?, Why don't my tied
132 hashes make the defined/exists distinction?, How do I reset an each()
133 operation part-way through?, How can I get the unique keys from two
134 hashes?, How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?, How can I
135 make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?, Why does passing a
136 subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?, How can I make the
137 Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or
138 arrays?, How can I use a reference as a hash key?, How do I handle binary
139 data correctly?, How do I determine whether a scalar is a
140 number/whole/integer/float?, How do I keep persistent data across program
141 calls?, How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?, How do I
142 define methods for every class/object?, How do I verify a credit card
143 checksum?, How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?,
144 L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an output
145 filehandle? Why must I do this?, How do I change one line in a file/delete
146 a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the
147 beginning of a file?, How do I count the number of lines in a file?, How do
148 I make a temporary file name?, How can I manipulate fixed-record-length
149 files?, How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
150 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?,
151 How can I use a filehandle indirectly?, How can I set up a footer format to
152 be used with write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I output
153 my numbers with commas added?, How can I translate tildes (~) in a
154 filename?, How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do
155 I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?, Is there a
156 leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing
157 blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a file?, Why
158 can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking. I just
159 want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How do I
160 randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?,
161 How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more than one
162 file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How can I
163 read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from a
164 file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character
165 waiting on a filehandle?, How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?, How do I dup()
166 a filehandle in Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why
167 can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe`
168 work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?, Why does Perl let me
169 delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't
170 this a bug in Perl?, How do I select a random line from a file?, Why do I
171 get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, How
172 can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and
173 unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble matching over more than one line.
174 What's wrong?, How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are
175 themselves on different lines?, I put a regular expression into $/ but it
176 didn't work. What's wrong?, How do I substitute case insensitively on the
177 LHS while preserving case on the RHS?, How can I make C<\w> match national
178 character sets?, How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?,
179 How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?, What is C</o> really for?,
180 How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?,
181 Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?, What does it
182 mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?, How do I process
183 each word on each line?, How can I print out a word-frequency or
184 line-frequency summary?, How can I do approximate matching?, How do I
185 efficiently match many regular expressions at once?, Why don't
186 word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?, Why does using $&, $`, or
187 $' slow my program down?, What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?, Are
188 Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?, What's wrong with
189 using grep or map in a void context?, How can I match strings with
190 multibyte characters?, How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the
191 user?, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues, Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE
192 for the Perl language?, What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how
193 do I know when to use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my strings or
194 use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip some return values?, How do I
195 temporarily block warnings?, What's an extension?, Why do Perl operators
196 have different precedence than C operators?, How do I declare/create a
197 structure?, How do I create a module?, How do I create a class?, How can I
198 tell if a variable is tainted?, What's a closure?, What is variable suicide
199 and how can I prevent it?, How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle,
200 Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I create a static variable?, What's
201 the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between
202 local() and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly
203 named lexical is in scope?, What's the difference between deep and shallow
204 binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?, How do I redefine a
205 builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference between
206 calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or case
207 statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined
208 variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method included in this same file
209 be found?, How can I find out my current package?, How can I comment out a
210 large block of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use a
211 variable as a variable name?, L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, How do I
212 find out which operating system I'm running under?, How come exec() doesn't
213 return?, How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?, How do I
214 print something out in color?, How do I read just one key without waiting
215 for a return key?, How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?,
216 How do I clear the screen?, How do I get the screen size?, How do I ask the
217 user for a password?, How do I read and write the serial port?, How do I
218 decode encrypted password files?, How do I start a process in the
219 background?, How do I trap control characters/signals?, How do I modify the
220 shadow password file on a Unix system?, How do I set the time and date?,
221 How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How can I measure time
222 under a second?, How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception
223 handling), Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)?
224 What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?, How can I call
225 my system's unique C functions from Perl?, Where do I get the include files
226 to do ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts complain about
227 kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?, Why
228 can't I get the output of a command with system()?, How can I capture
229 STDERR from an external command?, Why doesn't open() return an error when a
230 pipe open fails?, What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?, How
231 can I call backticks without shell processing?, Why can't my script read
232 from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?, How can I
233 convert my shell script to perl?, Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp
234 session?, How can I write expect in Perl?, Is there a way to hide perl's
235 command line from programs such as "ps"?, I {changed directory, modified my
236 environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I
237 exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?, How do I close
238 a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?, How do I fork a
239 daemon process?, How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?,
240 How do I timeout a slow event?, How do I set CPU limits?, How do I avoid
241 zombies on a Unix system?, How do I use an SQL database?, How do I make a
242 system() exit on control-C?, How do I open a file without blocking?, How do
243 I install a module from CPAN?, What's the difference between require and
244 use?, How do I keep my own module/library directory?, How do I add the
245 directory my program lives in to the module/library search path?, How do I
246 add a directory to my include path at runtime?, What is socket.ph and where
247 do I get it?, L<perlfaq9>: Networking, My CGI script runs from the command
248 line but not the browser. (500 Server Error), How can I get better error
249 messages from a CGI program?, How do I remove HTML from a string?, How do I
250 extract URLs?, How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I
251 open a file on another machine?, How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?, How
252 do I fetch an HTML file?, How do I automate an HTML form submission?, How
253 do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I redirect to
254 another page?, How do I put a password on my web pages?, How do I edit my
255 .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't
256 enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?, How do
257 I parse a mail header?, How do I decode a CGI form?, How do I check a valid
258 mail address?, How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How do I return the
259 user's mail address?, How do I send mail?, How do I read mail?, How do I
260 find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?, How do I fetch a news article
261 or the active newsgroups?, How do I fetch/put an FTP file?, How can I do
266 =item Where to get this document
268 =item How to contribute to this document
270 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
277 =item Author and Copyright Information
281 =item Bundled Distributions
289 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
290 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
291 Initial Release: 11/March/97
295 =head2 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
301 =item BASIC DOCUMENTATION
305 =item perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
307 SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, AVAILABILITY, ENVIRONMENT, AUTHOR, FILES, SEE ALSO,
308 DIAGNOSTICS, BUGS, NOTES
310 =item perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
313 DESCRIPTION, Where to get this document, How to contribute
319 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
327 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
337 =item Simple statements
339 =item Compound statements
347 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
351 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
353 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
359 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
373 =item Scalar value constructors
375 =item List value constructors
379 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
387 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
397 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
399 =item The Arrow Operator
401 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
405 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
407 =item Binding Operators
409 =item Multiplicative Operators
411 =item Additive Operators
413 =item Shift Operators
415 =item Named Unary Operators
417 =item Relational Operators
419 =item Equality Operators
423 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
425 =item C-style Logical And
427 =item C-style Logical Or
429 =item Range Operators
431 =item Conditional Operator
433 =item Assignment Operators
437 =item List Operators (Rightward)
443 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
445 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
447 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
449 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
451 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
453 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
454 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
455 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
456 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
458 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
460 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
461 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
462 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
463 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
468 =item Constant Folding
470 =item Bitwise String Operators
472 =item Integer Arithmetic
474 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
482 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
492 =item Private Variables via my()
494 =item Persistent Private Variables
496 =item Temporary Values via local()
498 =item Lvalue subroutines
500 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
502 =item When to Still Use local()
504 =item Pass by Reference
508 =item Constant Functions
510 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
514 =item Subroutine Attributes
522 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
530 =item Perl Functions by Category
532 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
533 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
534 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
535 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
536 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
537 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
538 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
539 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
540 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
541 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
546 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
548 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
549 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
550 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
551 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
552 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
553 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
554 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
555 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
556 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
557 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
558 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
559 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
560 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
561 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
562 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
563 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
564 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
565 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
566 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
567 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
568 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
569 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
570 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
571 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
572 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
573 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
574 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
575 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
576 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
577 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
578 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
579 FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
580 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
581 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
582 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
583 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
584 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
585 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
586 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
587 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
588 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
589 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
590 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
591 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
592 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
593 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
594 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
595 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
596 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
597 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
598 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
599 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
600 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
601 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
602 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
603 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
604 study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
605 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
606 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
607 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
608 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
609 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
610 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
611 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
612 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
613 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
614 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
615 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
616 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
617 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
618 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
624 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
630 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
638 =item Making References
640 =item Using References
658 =item Distribution Conditions
664 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
670 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
671 more elaborate constructs
675 =item COMMON MISTAKES
677 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
679 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
685 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
689 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
691 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
693 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
697 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
701 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
703 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
705 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
709 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
713 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
715 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
717 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
721 =item HASHES OF HASHES
725 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
727 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
729 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
733 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
737 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
739 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
741 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
753 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
763 =item Simple word matching
765 =item Using character classes
767 =item Matching this or that
769 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
771 =item Extracting matches
773 =item Matching repetitions
775 C<a?> = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C<a*> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e.,
776 any number of times, C<a+> = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least
777 once, C<a{n,m}> = match at least C<n> times, but not more than C<m> times,
778 C<a{n,}> = match at least C<n> or more times, C<a{n}> = match exactly C<n>
783 =item Search and replace
785 =item The split operator
793 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
797 =item Acknowledgments
803 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
811 =item Verbatim Paragraph
813 =item Command Paragraph
815 =item Ordinary Block of Text
819 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
821 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
831 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
839 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
857 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
859 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
860 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
861 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
862 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
864 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
866 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
867 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
868 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
872 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
874 =item Numerical Traps
876 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
878 =item General data type traps
880 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
881 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
883 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
885 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
887 =item Precedence Traps
889 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
892 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
894 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
895 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
898 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
900 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
906 =item Interpolation Traps
908 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
909 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
915 =item Unclassified Traps
917 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
924 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
934 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
936 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
938 =item Location of Perl
940 =item Command Switches
942 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
943 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
944 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
945 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
946 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
947 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
954 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
955 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
956 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
960 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
968 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
976 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
978 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
980 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
984 =item Backward Compatibility
986 =item Category Hierarchy
990 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
1002 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
1010 =item Looking at data and -w and w
1014 =item Stepping through code
1016 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
1018 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
1036 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1042 =item The Perl Debugger
1046 =item Debugger Commands
1048 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1049 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
1050 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
1051 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1052 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1053 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
1054 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
1055 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
1056 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
1058 =item Configurable Options
1060 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
1061 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
1062 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
1063 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
1064 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
1065 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
1067 =item Debugger input/output
1069 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
1072 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1074 =item Debugger Customization
1076 =item Readline Support
1078 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1080 =item The Perl Profiler
1084 =item Debugging regular expressions
1086 =item Debugging memory usage
1094 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1102 =item Predefined Names
1104 $ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1105 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1106 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1107 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1108 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
1109 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
1110 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
1111 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
1112 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
1113 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
1114 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
1115 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
1116 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
1117 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
1118 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
1119 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
1120 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1121 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1122 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1123 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1124 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1125 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1126 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
1127 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
1128 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1129 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1130 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
1131 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
1132 %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1134 =item Error Indicators
1136 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1144 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1150 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1152 =item Growing Your Own
1154 =item Access and Printing
1164 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1170 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1178 =item The Minus File
1180 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1186 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1190 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1194 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1198 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1200 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1202 =item Paths as Opens
1204 =item Single Argument Open
1206 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1210 =item Other I/O Issues
1214 =item Opening Non-File Files
1224 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1230 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1236 =item Part 1: The basics
1240 =item Simple word matching
1242 =item Using character classes
1244 =item Matching this or that
1246 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1248 =item Extracting matches
1250 =item Matching repetitions
1252 =item Building a regexp
1254 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1258 =item Part 2: Power tools
1262 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1264 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1266 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1268 =item Non-capturing groupings
1270 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1272 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1274 =item Conditional expressions
1276 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1278 =item Pragmas and debugging
1286 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1290 =item Acknowledgments
1296 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1306 =item Regular Expressions
1308 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1310 =item Extended Patterns
1312 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1313 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1314 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1315 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1319 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1321 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1323 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1325 =item Combining pieces together
1327 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1328 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1329 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1330 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1332 =item Creating custom RE engines
1342 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1352 =item Making References
1354 =item Using References
1356 =item Symbolic references
1358 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1360 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1362 =item Function Templates
1372 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1380 =item Format Variables
1390 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1398 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1406 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1408 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1410 =item Invoking a barnyard
1412 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1414 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1416 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1418 =item A few notes about @ISA
1420 =item Overriding the methods
1422 =item Starting the search from a different place
1424 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1426 =item Where we're at so far...
1428 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1430 =item Invoking an instance method
1432 =item Accessing the instance data
1434 =item How to build a horse
1436 =item Inheriting the constructor
1438 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1440 =item Adding parameters to a method
1442 =item More interesting instances
1444 =item A horse of a different color
1456 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1462 =item Creating a Class
1466 =item Object Representation
1468 =item Class Interface
1470 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1472 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1476 =item Other Object Methods
1484 =item Accessing Class Data
1486 =item Debugging Methods
1488 =item Class Destructors
1490 =item Documenting the Interface
1500 =item Overridden Methods
1502 =item Multiple Inheritance
1504 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1508 =item Alternate Object Representations
1512 =item Arrays as Objects
1514 =item Closures as Objects
1518 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1522 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1524 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1528 =item Metaclassical Tools
1534 =item Data Members as Variables
1542 =item Object Terminology
1548 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1554 =item Acknowledgments
1560 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1566 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1570 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1572 =item Inheritance Concerns
1574 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1576 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1578 =item Monadic Classes
1580 =item Translucent Attributes
1584 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1588 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1590 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1592 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1594 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1596 =item Translucency Revisited
1604 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1606 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1612 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1620 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1622 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1624 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1626 =item Method Invocation
1630 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1632 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1638 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1646 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1652 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1654 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1656 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1658 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1660 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1662 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1664 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1666 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1668 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1670 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1676 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1688 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1693 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1694 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1695 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1696 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1701 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1702 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1703 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1705 =item Tying FileHandles
1707 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1708 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1713 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1725 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1726 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1742 =item Using open() for IPC
1748 =item Background Processes
1750 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1752 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1754 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1756 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1760 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1764 =item Internet Line Terminators
1766 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1768 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1772 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1776 =item A Simple Client
1778 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1780 =item A Webget Client
1782 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1786 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1788 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1790 =item UDP: Message Passing
1804 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1814 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1816 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1817 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1818 files, directories and network sockets
1820 =item Resource limits
1822 =item Killing the parent process
1824 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1826 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1828 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1829 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1830 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1842 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1850 =item Storing numbers
1852 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1854 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1856 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1857 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1858 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1867 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1873 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1875 =item Threaded Program Models
1887 =item Native threads
1889 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1891 =item Threadsafe Modules
1897 =item Basic Thread Support
1899 =item Creating Threads
1901 =item Giving up control
1903 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1905 =item Errors In Threads
1907 =item Ignoring A Thread
1911 =item Threads And Data
1915 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1917 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1919 =item Controlling access: lock()
1921 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1923 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1927 =item Threads And Code
1931 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1933 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1935 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1937 =item Subroutine Locks
1941 =item Locking A Subroutine
1945 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1949 =item What Thread Am I In?
1953 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1955 =item What Threads Are Running?
1959 =item A Complete Example
1967 =item Introductory Texts
1969 =item OS-Related References
1971 =item Other References
1975 =item Acknowledgements
1983 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1989 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1998 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2000 =item Files and Filesystems
2002 =item System Interaction
2004 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2006 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2008 =item Standard Modules
2012 =item Character sets and character encoding
2014 =item Internationalisation
2016 =item System Resources
2026 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2027 http://testers.cpan.org/
2035 =item DOS and Derivatives
2037 Build instructions for OS/2, L<perlos2>
2045 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2053 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2057 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2059 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2060 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2061 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2062 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
2063 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
2064 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
2065 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
2066 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
2067 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
2068 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
2069 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
2070 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
2071 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
2072 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
2073 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
2074 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2075 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2076 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2077 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2078 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair
2079 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat,
2080 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2081 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2082 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2083 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2089 v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999,
2090 v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May
2091 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December
2092 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August
2093 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998,
2096 =item Supported Platforms
2100 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2106 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2113 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2119 =item The use locale pragma
2121 =item The setlocale function
2123 =item Finding locales
2125 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2127 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2129 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2131 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2133 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2135 =item The localeconv function
2139 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2143 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2145 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2147 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2149 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2153 =item Other categories
2161 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2162 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2168 =item Backward compatibility
2170 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2172 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2174 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2176 =item Freely available locale definitions
2180 =item An imperfect standard
2188 =item Broken systems
2198 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2206 =item Important Caveat
2208 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2209 to enable a few features
2211 =item Byte and Character semantics
2213 =item Effects of character semantics
2215 =item Character encodings for input and output
2225 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2231 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2239 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2243 =item 13 variant characters
2253 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2255 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4
2257 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2271 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2273 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2275 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2277 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2285 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2287 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2289 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2291 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2295 =item TRANFORMATION FORMATS
2299 =item URL decoding and encoding
2301 =item uu encoding and decoding
2303 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2305 =item Caesarian cyphers
2309 =item Hashing order and checksums
2313 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2325 chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales
2343 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2351 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2353 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2355 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2359 =item Protecting Your Programs
2367 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2379 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2391 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2397 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2401 =item Pragmatic Modules
2403 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2404 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2405 perlio, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register
2407 =item Standard Modules
2409 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2410 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
2411 B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark,
2412 ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast,
2413 CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox,
2414 Carp, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle,
2415 Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2416 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed,
2417 ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2418 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2419 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
2420 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
2421 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob,
2422 File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc,
2423 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2424 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2425 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
2426 I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2427 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent,
2428 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find,
2429 Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils,
2430 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2431 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver,
2432 SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2433 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
2434 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
2435 Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2436 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent,
2439 =item Extension Modules
2445 Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, North America, South
2448 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2452 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2454 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
2455 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
2456 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
2457 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
2458 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
2459 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
2460 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
2461 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
2462 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
2463 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
2464 care when changing a released module
2466 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2468 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
2469 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
2470 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
2471 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
2473 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2481 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2491 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2492 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2506 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2516 =item What should I make into a module?
2518 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2520 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2522 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2524 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2525 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2526 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2528 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2530 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2531 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2541 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2542 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2552 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2554 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2556 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2558 =item What is perl6?
2560 =item How stable is Perl?
2562 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2564 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2567 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2569 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2571 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2573 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2575 =item What is a JAPH?
2577 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2579 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2580 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2584 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2588 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2589 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2597 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2599 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2601 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2603 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2606 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2607 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2609 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2610 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2612 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2614 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2616 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2618 =item Where should I post source code?
2622 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2624 =item Perl in Magazines
2626 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2628 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2630 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2632 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2634 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2636 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2640 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2644 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2653 =item How do I do (anything)?
2655 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2657 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2659 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2661 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2663 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2665 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2667 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2669 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2671 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2673 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2675 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2677 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2679 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2681 =item What is undump?
2683 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2685 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2687 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2689 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2691 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2693 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2695 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2697 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2699 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2701 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2703 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2705 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2707 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2709 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2711 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2712 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2714 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2717 =item What's MakeMaker?
2721 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2725 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2736 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2737 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2739 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2741 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2744 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2746 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2748 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2750 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2752 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2754 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2762 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2764 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2766 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2768 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2770 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2772 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2774 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2782 =item How do I validate input?
2784 =item How do I unescape a string?
2786 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2788 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2790 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2792 =item How do I reverse a string?
2794 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2796 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2798 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2800 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2802 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2805 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2807 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2808 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2810 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2812 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2814 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2816 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2818 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2820 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2822 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2824 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2825 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2834 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2836 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2838 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2842 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2844 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2845 intersection of two arrays?
2847 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2849 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2851 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2853 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2855 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2857 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2859 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2861 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2863 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2865 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2867 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2871 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2875 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2877 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2880 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2882 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2884 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2886 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2888 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2890 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2892 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2894 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2896 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2898 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2900 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2903 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2904 array of hashes or arrays?
2906 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2914 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2916 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2918 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2920 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2922 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2924 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2926 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2930 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2934 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2943 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2945 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2946 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2948 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2950 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2952 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2954 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2955 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2957 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2959 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2961 =item How can I write() into a string?
2963 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2965 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2967 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2969 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2971 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2973 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2975 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2977 =item How can I lock a file?
2979 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2981 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2982 the file. How can I do this?
2984 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2986 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2988 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2990 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2992 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2994 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2996 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2998 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3000 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3002 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3004 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3006 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
3007 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3009 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3011 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3012 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3014 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3016 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3020 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3024 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
3032 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3033 and unmaintainable code?
3035 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3037 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3039 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3042 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3044 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3047 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3049 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3051 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3053 =item What is C</o> really for?
3055 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3058 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3060 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3062 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3064 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3066 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3068 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3070 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3072 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3074 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3076 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3078 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3080 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3082 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3086 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3090 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
3091 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
3099 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3101 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3104 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3107 =item How do I skip some return values?
3109 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3111 =item What's an extension?
3113 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3115 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3117 =item How do I create a module?
3119 =item How do I create a class?
3121 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3123 =item What's a closure?
3125 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3127 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3130 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3133 =item How do I create a static variable?
3135 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3136 Between local() and my()?
3138 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3141 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3143 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3145 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3147 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3149 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3151 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3153 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3155 =item How can I find out my current package?
3157 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3159 =item How do I clear a package?
3161 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3165 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3169 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
3178 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3180 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3182 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3184 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3186 =item How do I print something out in color?
3188 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3190 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3192 =item How do I clear the screen?
3194 =item How do I get the screen size?
3196 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3198 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3200 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3202 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3204 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3206 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3208 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3210 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3212 =item How do I set the time and date?
3214 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3216 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3218 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3220 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3221 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3223 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3225 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3227 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3229 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3231 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3233 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3235 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3237 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3239 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3241 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3244 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3246 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3248 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3250 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3253 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3254 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3255 changes to be visible?
3259 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3262 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3264 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3266 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3268 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3270 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3272 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3274 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3276 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3278 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3280 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3282 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3284 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3287 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3289 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3293 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3297 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3306 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3309 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3311 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3313 =item How do I extract URLs?
3315 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3316 file on another machine?
3318 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3320 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3322 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3324 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3326 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3328 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3330 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3332 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3333 CGI script to do bad things?
3335 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3337 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3339 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3341 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3343 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3345 =item How do I send mail?
3347 =item How do I read mail?
3349 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3351 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3353 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3355 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3359 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3363 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3373 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3377 =item Using The Back Ends
3381 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3385 =item The Decompiling Back End
3387 =item The Lint Back End
3389 =item The Simple C Back End
3391 =item The Bytecode Back End
3393 =item The Optimized C Back End
3395 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3396 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3397 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3401 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3407 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3417 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3418 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3422 =item Compiling your C program
3424 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3426 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3428 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3430 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3432 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3434 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3436 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3438 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3443 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3453 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3459 =item Debugger Internals
3463 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3467 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3469 =item Debugging regular expressions
3473 =item Compile-time output
3475 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3476 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3477 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3480 =item Types of nodes
3482 =item Run-time output
3486 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3490 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3492 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3493 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3496 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3498 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3500 =item B<-DL> details
3504 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3512 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3524 =item Version caveat
3526 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3538 =item What has gone on?
3540 =item Writing good test scripts
3544 =item What's new here?
3546 =item Input and Output Parameters
3548 =item The XSUBPP Program
3550 =item The TYPEMAP file
3552 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3556 =item What has happened here?
3558 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3560 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3562 =item More about XSUB arguments
3564 =item The Argument Stack
3566 =item Extending your Extension
3568 =item Documenting your Extension
3570 =item Installing your Extension
3574 =item New Things in this Example
3578 =item New Things in this Example
3580 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3582 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3584 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3586 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3602 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3614 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3616 =item The Argument Stack
3618 =item The RETVAL Variable
3620 =item The MODULE Keyword
3622 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3624 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3626 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3628 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3630 =item The CODE: Keyword
3632 =item The INIT: Keyword
3634 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3636 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3638 =item Default Parameter Values
3640 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3642 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3644 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3646 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3648 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3650 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3652 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3654 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3656 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3658 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3660 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3662 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3664 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3666 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3668 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3670 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3672 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3674 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3676 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3678 =item The CASE: Keyword
3680 =item The & Unary Operator
3682 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3684 =item Using XS With C++
3686 =item Interface Strategy
3688 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3702 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3714 =item What is an "IV"?
3716 =item Working with SVs
3720 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3722 =item Working with AVs
3724 =item Working with HVs
3726 =item Hash API Extensions
3730 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3732 =item Creating New Variables
3734 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3736 =item Stashes and Globs
3738 =item Double-Typed SVs
3740 =item Magic Variables
3742 =item Assigning Magic
3744 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3748 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3750 =item Localizing changes
3752 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3753 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP
3754 *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char
3755 *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void
3756 *p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>,
3757 C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV
3758 *gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32
3759 maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>,
3760 C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3768 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3770 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3772 =item Memory Allocation
3776 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3780 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3790 =item Examining the tree
3792 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3794 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3796 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3798 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3802 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3804 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3808 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3810 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3812 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3816 =item Internal Functions
3818 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, m, o, j, x
3822 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3824 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3826 =item Source Documentation
3830 =item Unicode Support
3834 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3836 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3838 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3840 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3842 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3844 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3854 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3860 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3862 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3864 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3884 =item Determining the Context
3888 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3894 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3896 =item Passing Parameters
3898 =item Returning a Scalar
3900 =item Returning a list of values
3902 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3904 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3908 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3912 =item Using call_argv
3914 =item Using call_method
3918 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3920 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3922 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3923 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3926 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3928 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3940 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3950 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3951 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3952 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3953 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3957 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3961 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3962 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3970 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3980 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3982 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3984 B<Decryption Filters>
3986 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3988 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3990 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4002 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4010 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4011 B<filter_fetch_value>
4017 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4019 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4029 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4035 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4036 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4037 bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy,
4038 croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER,
4039 eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv,
4040 get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
4041 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
4042 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
4043 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
4044 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4045 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4046 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
4047 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number,
4048 MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical,
4049 mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc,
4050 NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share,
4051 newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv,
4052 Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4053 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace,
4054 PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi,
4055 POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4056 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
4057 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
4058 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
4059 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
4060 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
4061 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4062 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
4063 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
4064 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4065 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV,
4066 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
4067 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
4068 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
4069 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec,
4070 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4071 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy,
4072 sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4073 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
4074 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
4075 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
4076 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_true,
4077 sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
4078 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn,
4079 sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, U8 *s, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
4080 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uv, utf8_to_uv_simple, warn, XPUSHi,
4081 XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV,
4082 XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES,
4083 XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION,
4084 XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
4092 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4099 djSP, is_gv_magical, start_glob
4107 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4115 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
4116 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
4117 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4118 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4119 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4120 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4121 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4122 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
4123 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4124 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
4128 =item Co-existence with stdio
4130 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4131 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
4132 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4133 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
4134 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
4135 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4141 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4147 =item Infrastructure
4151 =item Mailing list archives
4153 =item Bug tracking system
4155 =item Regression Tests
4157 Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to
4178 Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs
4182 =item Perl Internals
4188 =item Garbage Collection
4190 =item Reliable signals
4192 Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed
4193 sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN
4195 =item Interpolated regex performance bugs
4197 =item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
4199 =item Make XS easier to use
4201 =item Make embedded Perl easier to use
4203 =item Namespace cleanup
4215 =item A clear division into tutorial and reference
4217 =item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions
4219 =item More tutorials
4221 Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging
4223 =item Include a search tool
4225 =item Include a locate tool
4227 =item Separate function manpages by default
4229 =item Users can't find the manpages
4231 =item Install ALL Documentation
4233 =item Outstanding issues to be documented
4235 =item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
4237 =item Replace man with a perl program
4239 =item Unicode tutorial
4247 =item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2
4249 =item Module versions
4257 VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice
4259 =item Procedural options
4263 =item y2k localtime/gmtime
4265 =item Export File::Find variables
4269 =item Debugger attach/detach
4271 =item Regular Expression debugger
4273 =item Alternative RE Syntax
4275 =item Bundled modules
4281 =item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
4297 =item POSIX on non-POSIX
4299 =item Portable installations
4307 =item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
4309 =item Sort out the spawnvp() mess
4311 =item Work out DLL versioning
4317 =item Would be nice to have
4319 C<pack "(stuff)*">, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled
4320 perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format
4321 BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input
4322 should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun
4323 debugger, lvalue functions
4325 =item Possible pragmas
4337 =item constant function cache
4339 =item foreach(reverse...)
4341 =item Cache eval tree
4345 =item Shrink opcode tables
4347 =item Cache hash value
4349 =item Optimize away @_ where possible
4351 =item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
4353 =item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization
4357 =item Vague possibilities
4359 ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?,
4360 Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real
4361 threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al
4363 =item To Do Or Not To Do
4367 =item Making my() work on "package" variables
4369 =item "or" testing defined not truth
4371 =item "dynamic" lexicals
4373 =item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals"
4389 =item External threads
4395 =item Per-thread GVs
4407 =item Precompiled modules
4411 =item Typed lexicals
4421 =item Cached compilation
4425 =item Recently Finished Tasks
4429 =item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
4435 =item Namespace cleanup
4447 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4453 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4454 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4455 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4456 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4457 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4458 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4459 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4463 =item Keeping in sync
4465 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4466 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4467 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4468 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4470 =item Submitting patches
4472 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4473 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4475 =item Finding Your Way Around
4477 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4479 =item Elements of the interpreter
4481 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4483 =item Internal Variable Types
4489 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4491 =item Millions of Macros
4493 =item Poking at Perl
4495 =item Using a source-level debugger
4497 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4498 finish, 'enter', print
4500 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4506 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4510 =item Rational Software's Purify
4512 =item Purify on Unix
4514 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4518 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4522 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4530 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4538 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4550 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4552 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4556 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4560 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4566 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4568 =item Incompatible Changes
4570 =item Core Enhancements
4572 =item Modules and Pragmata
4578 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4582 =item Utility Changes
4584 =item New Documentation
4586 =item Performance Enhancements
4588 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4592 =item Generic Improvements
4596 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4600 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4604 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4606 =item Changed Internals
4608 =item Known Problems
4612 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4614 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4616 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4618 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4620 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4622 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4624 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4626 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4628 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4630 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4632 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4636 =item Reporting Bugs
4644 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4650 =item Core Enhancements
4654 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4656 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4658 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4660 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4662 =item "our" declarations
4664 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4666 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4668 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4670 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4672 =item open() with more than two arguments
4674 =item 64-bit support
4676 =item Large file support
4682 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4684 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4686 =item File globbing implemented internally
4688 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4690 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4692 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4694 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4696 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4698 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4700 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4702 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4704 =item Comments in pack() templates
4706 =item Weak references
4708 =item Binary numbers supported
4710 =item Lvalue subroutines
4712 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4714 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4716 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4718 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4720 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4722 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4724 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4726 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4728 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4730 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4732 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4734 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4736 =item Improved diagnostics
4738 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4740 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4742 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4744 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4746 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4748 =item Improved security features
4750 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4752 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4754 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4756 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4758 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4760 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4762 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
4766 =item Modules and Pragmata
4772 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
4773 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
4774 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
4775 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
4776 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
4777 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
4778 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
4779 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
4785 =item Utility Changes
4799 =item The Perl Debugger
4803 =item Improved Documentation
4805 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
4806 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
4807 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
4808 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
4810 =item Performance enhancements
4814 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
4816 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
4818 =item Faster subroutine calls
4820 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
4824 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4828 =item -Dusethreads means something different
4830 =item New Configure flags
4832 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
4838 =item -Duselargefiles
4840 =item installusrbinperl
4846 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
4850 =item Platform specific changes
4854 =item Supported platforms
4858 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
4866 =item Significant bug fixes
4870 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
4872 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
4874 =item All compilation errors are true errors
4876 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
4878 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
4880 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
4882 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
4884 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
4886 =item Failures in DESTROY()
4888 =item Locale bugs fixed
4892 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
4894 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
4896 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
4898 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
4902 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4904 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
4905 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
4906 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
4907 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
4908 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
4909 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
4910 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
4911 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
4912 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
4913 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
4914 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
4915 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
4916 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
4917 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
4918 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
4919 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
4920 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
4921 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
4922 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
4923 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
4924 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
4925 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
4926 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
4927 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
4928 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
4929 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
4930 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
4931 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
4932 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
4933 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
4934 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
4935 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
4936 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
4937 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
4938 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
4939 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
4940 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
4941 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
4942 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
4943 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
4944 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
4945 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
4946 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
4947 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
4948 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
4949 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
4950 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
4951 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
4952 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
4953 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
4957 =item Incompatible Changes
4961 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
4963 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
4964 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
4965 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
4966 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
4967 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
4968 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS)
4969 enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed,
4970 C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator,
4971 Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit
4972 operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their
4975 =item C Source Incompatibilities
4977 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
4979 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
4981 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
4983 =item Binary Incompatibilities
4987 =item Known Problems
4991 =item Thread test failures
4993 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
4995 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
4997 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
4999 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5002 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5004 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5006 =item Experimental features
5008 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5009 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5010 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })>
5015 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5017 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5018 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5019 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5020 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5022 =item Reporting Bugs
5030 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5036 =item About the new versioning system
5038 =item Incompatible Changes
5042 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5044 =item Default installation structure has changed
5046 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5048 =item C Source Compatibility
5050 =item Binary Compatibility
5052 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5054 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5068 =item Regular Expressions
5070 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5071 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5072 improvements, Incompatible changes
5074 =item Improved malloc()
5076 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5078 =item Reliable signals
5080 =item Reliable stack pointers
5082 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5086 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5088 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5090 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5092 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5094 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5096 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5098 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5100 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5102 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5104 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5106 =item Better locale support
5108 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5110 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5112 =item Extended support for exception handling
5114 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5116 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5118 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5120 =item New C<lock> keyword
5122 =item New C<qr//> operator
5124 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5126 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5128 =item Tied handles support is better
5130 =item 4th argument to substr
5132 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5134 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5136 =item <> now reads in records
5140 =item Supported Platforms
5146 =item Changes in existing support
5150 =item Modules and Pragmata
5156 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5157 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5158 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5160 =item Changes in existing modules
5162 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5163 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark
5167 =item Utility Changes
5169 =item Documentation Changes
5171 =item New Diagnostics
5173 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5174 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5175 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5176 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5177 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5178 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5179 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5180 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5181 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5182 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5183 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5184 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5185 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5186 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5187 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5188 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5189 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5191 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5193 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5194 temporary file, regexp too big
5196 =item Configuration Changes
5206 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5212 =item Supported Environments
5218 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5220 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5222 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5224 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5226 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5228 =item More precise warnings
5230 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5232 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5234 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5236 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5238 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5240 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5242 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5244 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5246 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5248 =item Changes to tainting checks
5250 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5251 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5253 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5255 =item Embedding improvements
5257 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5259 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5261 =item New and changed syntax
5265 =item New and changed builtin constants
5269 =item New and changed builtin variables
5273 =item New and changed builtin functions
5275 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5276 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5277 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5278 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5279 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5281 =item New builtin methods
5283 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5285 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5287 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5288 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5290 =item Malloc enhancements
5292 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5294 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5298 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5314 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5315 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5321 =item Required Updates
5323 =item Installation directories
5325 =item Module information summary
5339 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5343 =item Utility Changes
5349 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5353 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5357 =item C Language API Changes
5359 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5362 =item Documentation Changes
5364 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5365 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5367 =item New Diagnostics
5369 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5370 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5371 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5372 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5373 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5374 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5375 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5376 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5377 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5378 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5379 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5380 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5381 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5382 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5383 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5384 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5385 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5386 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5387 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5388 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5389 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5390 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5391 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5392 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5393 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5403 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5411 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5415 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5417 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5419 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5421 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5427 =item GDBM and Threads
5429 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5439 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5455 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5457 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5459 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5461 fork(), some features of the UNIX filesystem regarding link count and file
5462 dates, inplace operation (the -i switch) without backup file, umask()
5463 works, but the correct permissions are only set when the file is
5470 =item Accessing documentation
5478 =item B<GNU> C<info> files
5490 =item Getting the perl source
5494 sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib
5498 =item Installing the built perl
5508 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5518 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5520 =item Cygwin Configuration
5522 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5530 =item Strip Binaries
5532 =item Optional Libraries
5534 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5535 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5537 =item Configure-time Options
5539 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5540 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5542 =item Suspicious Warnings
5544 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5562 =item File Permissions
5566 =item Filetime Granularity
5568 =item Tainting Checks
5572 =item Script Portability
5574 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5582 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5583 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5593 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
5607 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
5617 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES
5623 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules
5625 =item Building Non-XS Modules
5627 =item Building XS Modules
5637 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5645 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5647 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5651 =item IO Redirection
5661 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5665 =item SUPPORT STATUS
5673 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5682 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5692 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5694 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5696 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5698 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5704 =item GDBM and Threads
5706 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5708 =item perl -P and //
5718 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
5727 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
5729 =item Failures during C<make test>
5731 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
5733 =item Building external modules
5743 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
5751 =item System Requirements
5753 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
5755 =item Distribution Contents Highlights
5757 README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6
5759 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
5761 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
5763 =item Change History
5767 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
5787 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
5789 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
5791 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
5795 =item Frequently asked questions
5799 =item I cannot run external programs
5801 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
5804 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
5807 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
5809 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
5817 =item Automatic binary installation
5819 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
5821 =item Manual binary installation
5823 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
5824 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
5825 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
5826 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
5827 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
5833 =item Accessing documentation
5837 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
5845 =item GNU C<info> files
5859 =item Getting perl source
5861 =item Application of the patches
5869 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
5870 F<lib/io_pipe.t>, F<lib/io_sock.t>, F<op/stat.t>, F<lib/io_udp.t>
5872 =item Installing the built perl
5874 =item C<a.out>-style build
5882 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
5884 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
5886 =item Problems with tr or sed
5888 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
5890 =item Library ... not found
5892 =item Segfault in make
5894 =item op/sprintf test failure
5898 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
5902 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
5906 =item C<extproc> on the first line
5908 =item Additional modules:
5910 =item Prebuilt methods:
5912 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
5913 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
5914 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
5915 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
5916 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
5917 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>
5923 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<flock>
5937 =item F<perl___.exe>
5939 =item Why strange names?
5941 =item Why dynamic linking?
5943 =item Why chimera build?
5945 explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|"
5953 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
5955 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
5957 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
5959 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
5961 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
5963 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
5973 =item DLL name mangling
5977 =item Calls to external programs
5979 =item Memory allocation
5983 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
5997 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6009 =item Setup and utilities
6013 =item Build, test, install
6015 =item build anomalies
6017 =item testing anomalies
6021 =item Modules and Extensions
6039 =head2 perlposix-bc, README.posix-bc - building and installing Perl for
6080 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6088 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6094 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6100 =item File Extraction Problems.
6102 =item Compiler and Related Tools.
6108 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6112 =item 64-bit Issues.
6116 =item Malloc Issues.
6120 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6122 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6123 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6124 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6130 =item op/stat.t test 4
6134 =item PREBUILT BINARIES.
6136 =item RUNTIME ISSUES.
6140 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files.
6144 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6146 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6150 =item Proc::ProcessTable
6164 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6172 =item Organization of Perl Images
6178 =item Perl Extensions
6180 =item Installing static extensions
6182 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6186 =item File specifications
6192 =item Wildcard expansion
6198 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6204 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6206 =item Command line switches
6212 =item Perl functions
6214 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6215 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6216 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6217 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6219 =item Perl variables
6221 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|
6223 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6237 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6245 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6249 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6253 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6255 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6259 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6263 =item Unimplemented Features
6269 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6277 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
6289 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
6299 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
6300 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
6301 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
6305 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
6309 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
6310 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
6311 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
6319 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6321 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6333 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6343 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6353 =item Built-in Attributes
6355 locked, method, lvalue
6357 =item Available Subroutines
6361 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6363 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6365 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6373 =item Default exports
6375 =item Available exports
6377 =item Export tags defined
6387 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6399 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6415 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6429 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6443 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6456 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6465 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6471 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6481 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6491 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6502 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6504 =item The I<splain> Program
6518 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6532 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6542 =item subpragma access
6548 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
6559 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
6569 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
6579 =item Adding directories to @INC
6581 =item Deleting directories from @INC
6583 =item Restoring original @INC
6593 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
6604 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
6612 =item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY
6618 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
6630 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
6640 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
6642 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
6644 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
6646 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
6648 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
6650 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
6652 =item Overloadable Operations
6654 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
6655 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
6656 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
6658 =item Inheritance and overloading
6660 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
6661 is inherited by derived classes
6665 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
6673 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
6675 =item Copy Constructor
6681 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
6683 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
6684 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
6685 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
6688 =item Losing overloading
6690 =item Run-time Overloading
6692 =item Public functions
6694 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
6696 =item Overloading constants
6698 integer, float, binary, q, qr
6700 =item IMPLEMENTATION
6702 =item Metaphor clash
6708 =item Two-face scalars
6710 =item Two-face references
6712 =item Symbolic calculator
6714 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
6722 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
6723 type, `%s' is not a code reference
6729 =head2 perlio - perl pragma to configure C level IO
6741 =item Defaults and how to override them
6749 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6759 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
6771 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
6773 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
6777 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
6781 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
6789 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
6797 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
6801 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
6811 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
6824 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code
6836 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
6846 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
6854 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
6855 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
6856 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
6857 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
6858 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
6862 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
6864 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
6866 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
6876 =item DBM Comparisons
6886 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
6896 =item Subroutine Stubs
6898 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6900 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6902 =item Package Lexicals
6904 =item Not Using AutoLoader
6906 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
6916 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
6924 $keep, $check, $modtime
6928 =item Multiple packages
6936 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
6944 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
6948 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
6956 IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv
6970 =item B::PVMG METHODS
6974 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
6976 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
6978 =item B::PVLV METHODS
6980 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
6984 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
6988 is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE,
6989 FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
6993 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
6994 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
6998 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7002 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7007 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7009 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7013 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7015 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7019 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7023 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7027 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7031 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7033 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7035 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7039 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7043 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7047 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7049 redoop, nextop, lastop
7051 =item B::COP METHODS
7053 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7057 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7059 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7060 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7061 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM),
7062 hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
7068 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7081 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7093 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7105 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7115 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7116 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7117 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> Stores package in the
7128 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7138 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7139 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7149 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7159 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7160 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7161 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7173 =item Context of ".."
7177 =item Deprecated features
7185 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7197 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7207 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7208 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>
7210 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7230 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7242 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7250 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7252 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7253 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7255 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7265 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7275 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7281 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7293 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7305 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7307 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7319 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7329 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7337 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7349 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7363 =item Standard Exports
7365 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7366 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7367 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7369 =item Optional Exports
7371 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7372 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7373 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7389 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7393 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7407 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7417 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7418 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7419 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> Stores package in the
7430 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7442 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7444 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7446 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7448 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7450 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7452 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7454 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7456 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7458 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7460 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7462 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7464 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7466 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7468 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7470 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7472 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7474 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7476 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7477 B<:standard>, B<:all>
7481 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls,
7482 -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles
7484 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
7486 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
7487 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
7492 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
7496 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
7498 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
7500 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
7502 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
7504 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
7506 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
7508 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
7510 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
7511 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
7513 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
7517 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
7521 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
7523 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
7525 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
7527 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
7529 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
7531 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
7532 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
7534 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
7538 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
7542 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
7544 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
7546 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
7548 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
7552 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
7554 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
7556 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
7560 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
7562 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
7566 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
7570 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
7574 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
7578 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
7582 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
7584 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
7586 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
7590 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
7594 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
7600 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
7601 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
7603 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
7605 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
7606 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
7609 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
7615 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
7619 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
7621 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
7622 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
7623 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
7624 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
7625 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
7627 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
7629 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
7634 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end()
7636 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
7638 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
7639 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
7641 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
7643 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7647 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
7648 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
7649 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
7650 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
7651 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
7652 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
7653 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
7654 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
7655 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
7656 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
7657 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
7658 ...and many many more..
7660 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
7668 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
7678 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7686 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
7695 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
7697 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
7701 =item Changing the default message
7705 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
7715 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
7723 =item USING CGI::Cookie
7725 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
7729 =item Creating New Cookies
7731 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
7733 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
7735 =item Manipulating Cookies
7737 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
7741 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7749 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
7757 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
7759 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
7761 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
7763 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
7767 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7775 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
7785 =item Tags that won't be formatted
7787 =item Customizing the Indenting
7799 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
7807 =item USING CGI::Push
7809 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
7813 =item Heterogeneous Pages
7815 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
7819 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
7821 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7829 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
7839 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7847 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
7857 =item Interactive Mode
7859 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
7860 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
7861 distribution, Signals
7869 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
7871 =item Programmer's interface
7873 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
7875 =item Methods in the other Classes
7877 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
7878 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
7879 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
7880 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
7881 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
7882 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
7883 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
7884 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
7885 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
7886 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
7887 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
7888 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
7889 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
7890 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
7891 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
7892 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
7893 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
7894 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
7895 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
7896 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
7897 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
7898 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
7899 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
7900 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
7901 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
7902 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
7910 =item Finding packages and VERSION
7914 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
7920 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
7921 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
7922 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
7923 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
7927 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
7929 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
7937 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
7939 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
7943 =item Three basic types of firewalls
7945 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
7947 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
7953 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
7963 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
7973 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
7986 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
7996 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8004 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8006 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8016 =item The C<struct()> function
8018 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8020 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8022 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8023 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8025 =item Initializing with C<new>
8031 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8033 =item Author and Modification History
8037 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8045 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8057 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8061 C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>,
8062 C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>,
8063 C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk>
8067 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8068 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8072 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8073 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8074 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8075 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>
8079 C<CONFIGDOTSH>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>,
8080 C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>,
8081 C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8085 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8086 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8087 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8088 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8089 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>,
8090 C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
8091 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
8092 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
8093 C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
8094 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
8095 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_fork>,
8096 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>,
8097 C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>,
8098 C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>,
8099 C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
8100 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getlogin>,
8101 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
8102 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
8103 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
8104 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>,
8105 C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
8106 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>,
8107 C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>, C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>,
8108 C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
8109 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>,
8110 C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>,
8111 C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>,
8112 C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>,
8113 C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>,
8114 C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
8115 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
8116 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>,
8117 C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
8118 C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
8119 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
8120 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
8121 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
8122 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
8123 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>,
8124 C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>,
8125 C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>,
8126 C<d_readlink>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
8127 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
8128 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
8129 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
8130 C<d_semop>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>,
8131 C<d_sethent>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>,
8132 C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>,
8133 C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
8134 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
8135 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
8136 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
8137 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
8138 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
8139 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
8140 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
8141 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
8142 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>,
8143 C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>,
8144 C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>,
8145 C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>,
8146 C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>,
8147 C<d_times>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>,
8148 C<d_union_semun>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
8149 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
8150 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
8151 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
8152 C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
8153 C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8157 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8158 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8162 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8163 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
8167 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8168 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8172 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8176 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8177 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8178 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8179 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
8180 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
8181 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8182 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8183 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8184 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8185 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8186 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8187 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8188 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8189 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8190 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8191 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8192 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8193 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8194 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8195 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8196 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8197 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8198 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8203 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8207 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8208 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8209 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8210 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8211 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8212 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8216 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8217 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8218 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8222 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8223 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8227 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8228 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8229 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8230 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8234 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8235 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8239 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8244 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8245 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8246 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8247 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8251 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8255 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8256 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm>
8260 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8261 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8262 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8263 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<signal_t>,
8264 C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>,
8265 C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>,
8266 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
8267 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
8268 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
8269 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
8270 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
8271 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
8272 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
8273 C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8277 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
8278 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8282 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8283 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8284 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8285 C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>,
8286 C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>,
8287 C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>,
8288 C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>,
8289 C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>,
8290 C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8294 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8295 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8296 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8300 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8312 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
8322 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8334 =item Global Variables
8336 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8337 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8342 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8343 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8345 =item Client Callback Methods
8347 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8348 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8349 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8359 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8367 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8371 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8373 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8375 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8377 =item Default Parameters
8379 =item In Memory Databases
8387 =item A Simple Example
8395 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8397 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8399 =item The get_dup() Method
8401 =item The find_dup() Method
8403 =item The del_dup() Method
8405 =item Matching Partial Keys
8413 =item The 'bval' Option
8415 =item A Simple Example
8417 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8419 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8420 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
8422 =item Another Example
8426 =item THE API INTERFACE
8428 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8429 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8430 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
8431 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
8435 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
8436 B<filter_fetch_value>
8442 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
8444 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
8448 =item HINTS AND TIPS
8452 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
8454 =item Safe ways to lock a database
8456 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
8458 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
8460 =item The untie() Gotcha
8464 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
8468 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
8470 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
8472 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
8474 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
8494 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
8495 printing and C<eval>
8507 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
8508 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
8509 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
8516 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
8518 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8519 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8520 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8521 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8522 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8523 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8524 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8525 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8526 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8527 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8528 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8529 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
8549 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
8557 =item PROFILE FORMAT
8569 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
8579 =item Memory footprint debugging
8587 =item A simple scalar string
8589 =item A simple scalar number
8591 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
8593 =item A reference to a simple scalar
8595 =item A reference to an array
8597 =item A reference to a hash
8599 =item Dumping a large array or hash
8601 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
8603 =item A reference to a subroutine
8617 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
8627 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
8637 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
8649 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
8650 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
8651 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
8656 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
8657 veryCompact, set, get
8663 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
8671 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
8672 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
8673 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
8674 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
8681 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
8694 =head2 Encode - character encodings
8704 =item chars With Encoding
8706 =item Testing For UTF-8
8708 =item Toggling UTF-8-ness
8710 =item UTF-16 and UTF-32 Encodings
8712 =item Handling Malformed Data
8716 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
8717 of the Encode extension
8723 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8731 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
8737 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8745 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
8758 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
8773 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
8789 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
8801 =item Selecting What To Export
8803 =item Specialised Import Lists
8805 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
8807 =item Module Version Checking
8809 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
8811 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
8817 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
8827 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
8848 mv source... destination
8850 cp source... destination
8868 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
8880 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
8881 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
8891 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
8901 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
8913 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
8914 packlist(), version()
8922 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
8930 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
8936 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
8946 =item VMS implementation
8948 =item Win32 implementation
8956 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
8965 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
8969 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
8980 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
8992 =item Preloaded methods
9012 =item SelfLoaded methods
9058 file_name_is_absolute
9064 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9104 maybe_command_in_dirs
9142 replace_manpage_separator
9156 test_via_harness (o)
9186 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9197 =item Methods always loaded
9209 =item SelfLoaded methods
9211 guess_name (override)
9215 find_perl (override)
9219 maybe_command (override)
9221 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
9223 perl_script (override)
9225 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9227 replace_manpage_separator
9229 init_others (override)
9231 constants (override)
9235 const_cccmd (override)
9237 pm_to_blib (override)
9239 tool_autosplit (override)
9241 tool_sxubpp (override)
9243 xsubpp_version (override)
9245 tools_other (override)
9255 top_targets (override)
9259 dynamic_lib (override)
9261 dynamic_bs (override)
9263 static_lib (override)
9265 manifypods (override)
9267 processPL (override)
9269 installbin (override)
9275 realclean (override)
9277 dist_basics (override)
9279 dist_core (override)
9283 dist_test (override)
9287 perldepend (override)
9293 test_via_harness (override)
9295 test_via_script (override)
9297 makeaperl (override)
9301 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9328 test_via_harness (o)
9330 tool_autosplit (override)
9348 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
9358 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
9360 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
9368 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
9372 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
9374 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
9376 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
9378 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
9380 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
9381 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
9382 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
9383 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
9384 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
9385 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
9386 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
9387 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
9388 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
9389 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
9390 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
9391 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
9392 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT,
9393 PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
9394 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
9396 =item Additional lowercase attributes
9398 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
9401 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
9403 =item Hintsfile support
9405 =item Distribution Support
9407 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
9408 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
9409 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
9411 =item Disabling an extension
9425 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
9437 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
9441 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
9442 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
9446 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
9454 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
9466 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
9476 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
9485 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
9493 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
9505 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
9513 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
9523 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
9535 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
9545 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
9549 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
9557 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
9561 C<basename>, C<dirname>
9565 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
9575 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
9589 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
9599 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
9601 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
9611 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
9619 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
9631 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
9639 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
9640 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>,
9641 C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
9647 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
9655 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>, C<GLOB_NOSORT>,
9656 C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>, C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>
9660 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
9668 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
9680 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
9694 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
9728 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
9746 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
9774 file_name_is_absolute
9794 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
9804 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
9836 file_name_is_absolute
9858 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
9874 =item Methods always loaded
9876 canonpath (override)
9894 case_tolerant (override)
9898 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9900 splitpath (override)
9916 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
9946 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
9970 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
9984 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
9994 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10002 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10010 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10012 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10024 =item Temporary files and NFS
10036 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10050 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10062 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10070 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10076 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10100 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10106 use Filter::Util::Call ;
10112 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10116 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10118 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10126 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10128 =item Example 2: Using the context
10130 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10132 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10142 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
10150 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
10160 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
10176 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
10184 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
10186 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
10190 =item Simple options
10192 =item A little bit less simple options
10194 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
10196 =item Options with values
10198 =item Options with multiple values
10200 =item Options with hash values
10202 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
10204 =item Options with multiple names
10206 =item Case and abbreviations
10208 =item Summary of Option Specifications
10210 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
10214 =item Advanced Possibilities
10218 =item Object oriented interface
10220 =item Documentation and help texts
10222 =item Storing options in a hash
10226 =item The lonesome dash
10228 =item Argument call-back
10232 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
10234 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
10235 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
10236 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
10237 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
10238 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
10240 =item Return values and Errors
10246 =item Default destinations
10248 =item Alternative option starters
10250 =item Configuration variables
10254 =item Trouble Shooting
10258 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
10260 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
10267 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
10271 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
10282 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
10293 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
10303 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
10311 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10312 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10322 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10332 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10336 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10344 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
10354 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10358 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10359 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10360 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10361 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10373 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10383 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10387 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10397 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10407 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10408 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10418 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
10426 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10427 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10434 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
10444 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10448 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10449 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10450 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10460 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
10474 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
10475 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
10485 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
10501 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10514 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
10528 hostpath(), peerpath()
10538 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
10547 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10548 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10558 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10568 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10572 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10580 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
10591 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10595 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10596 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10597 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10598 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10610 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10620 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10624 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10634 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10644 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10645 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10655 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
10664 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10665 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10672 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
10683 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10687 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10688 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10689 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10699 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
10714 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
10715 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
10725 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
10726 AF_INET domain sockets
10742 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10755 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
10756 AF_UNIX domain sockets
10770 hostpath(), peerpath()
10780 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10790 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10791 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10802 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
10816 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
10829 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
10839 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10840 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10841 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10852 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
10870 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10880 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10881 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10892 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
10903 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10904 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10905 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10916 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
10924 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
10933 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
10941 Canonical notation, Input, Output
10945 =item Autocreating constants
10953 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
10966 =item STRINGIFICATION
10970 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
10976 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
10978 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
10986 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
10994 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
11000 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
11002 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
11006 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11008 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
11012 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
11014 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11016 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
11017 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
11021 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES
11031 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
11037 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11043 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11047 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11051 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
11063 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
11064 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
11074 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
11091 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
11108 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
11123 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
11140 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
11150 =item IMPLEMENTATION
11156 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
11162 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11168 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11172 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11176 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
11188 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
11190 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
11191 or optag, an operator set (opset)
11193 =item Opcode Functions
11195 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
11196 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
11197 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
11200 =item Manipulating Opsets
11202 =item TO DO (maybe)
11208 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
11210 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
11211 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
11212 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
11221 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
11230 a new namespace, an operator mask
11236 =item RECENT CHANGES
11238 =item Methods in class Safe
11240 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
11241 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
11242 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
11243 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
11245 =item Some Safety Issues
11247 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
11255 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
11268 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
11282 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
11283 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
11284 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
11285 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
11286 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
11287 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
11288 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
11289 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
11290 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
11291 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
11292 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
11293 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
11294 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
11295 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
11296 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
11297 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
11298 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
11299 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
11300 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
11301 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
11302 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
11303 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
11304 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
11305 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
11306 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
11313 =item POSIX::SigAction
11317 =item POSIX::SigSet
11319 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
11321 =item POSIX::Termios
11323 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
11324 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
11325 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
11326 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
11327 values, c_oflag field values
11331 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
11335 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
11339 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
11397 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
11403 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
11409 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
11421 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
11422 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
11423 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
11424 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
11425 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
11426 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
11427 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
11428 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
11433 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
11434 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, No numeric
11435 argument for =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item
11436 paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one> vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped
11437 C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument
11438 for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME
11443 collapsing newlines to blanks, ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in
11444 link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains
11457 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
11459 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
11462 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
11464 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
11466 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
11468 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
11470 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
11478 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
11490 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
11492 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
11499 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
11505 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
11507 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
11514 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
11526 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
11536 backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile,
11537 libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title,
11552 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
11565 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
11566 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
11572 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
11596 =item B<was_cutting()>
11602 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
11608 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
11614 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11620 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
11626 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11632 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
11638 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
11644 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
11650 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
11656 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
11662 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
11668 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11674 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
11680 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
11686 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
11692 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11698 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
11704 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
11710 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
11716 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
11722 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
11728 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
11734 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
11740 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
11746 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
11752 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
11758 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
11764 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11770 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
11782 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
11794 =item OBJECT METHODS
11802 =item Data Accessors
11818 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
11820 B<StartWithNewPage>
11834 =item Subclassed methods
11848 B<interior_sequence>
11864 =item Methods for headings
11872 =item Internal methods
11878 B<_replace_special_chars>
11884 B<_clean_latex_commands>
11900 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
11908 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
11913 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
11914 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
11915 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
11916 line %d, Unmatched =back
11926 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
11940 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
11948 $list-E<gt>indent()
11956 $list-E<gt>parent()
11962 =item Pod::Hyperlink
11964 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
11968 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
11970 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
11974 $link-E<gt>warning()
11976 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
11982 $link-E<gt>alttext()
11992 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
11998 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
12002 =item Pod::Cache::Item
12004 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
12008 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
12010 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
12012 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
12014 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
12016 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
12018 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
12020 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
12030 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
12042 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12044 =item PARSING OPTIONS
12046 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
12047 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
12053 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12061 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12067 =item B<verbatim()>
12069 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12075 =item B<textblock()>
12077 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12083 =item B<interior_sequence()>
12089 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12101 =item B<initialize()>
12107 =item B<begin_pod()>
12113 =item B<begin_input()>
12119 =item B<end_input()>
12131 =item B<preprocess_line()>
12137 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
12143 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
12149 =item B<parse_text()>
12151 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
12152 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
12153 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
12159 =item B<interpolate()>
12165 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
12171 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
12177 =item B<parse_from_file()>
12183 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
12189 =item B<errorsub()>
12201 =item B<parseopts()>
12207 =item B<output_file()>
12213 =item B<output_handle()>
12219 =item B<input_file()>
12225 =item B<input_handle()>
12231 =item B<input_streams()>
12237 =item B<top_stream()>
12243 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12249 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
12255 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
12261 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
12269 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
12289 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
12302 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
12304 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
12310 =item OBJECT METHODS
12316 =item B<curr_headings()>
12328 =item B<add_selection()>
12334 =item B<clear_selections()>
12340 =item B<match_section()>
12346 =item B<is_selected()>
12352 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
12358 =item B<podselect()>
12360 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
12366 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12372 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
12378 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
12384 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
12396 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
12404 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
12408 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
12409 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
12410 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
12422 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
12438 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
12455 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
12456 text with format escapes
12470 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
12479 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
12488 =item Recommended Use
12496 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
12500 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
12508 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12514 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12518 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12522 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
12530 a new namespace, an operator mask
12536 =item RECENT CHANGES
12538 =item Methods in class Safe
12540 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
12541 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
12542 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
12543 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
12545 =item Some Safety Issues
12547 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
12555 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
12565 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
12575 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
12585 =item The __DATA__ token
12587 =item SelfLoader autoloading
12589 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
12591 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
12593 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
12595 =item Classes and inherited methods.
12599 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
12603 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
12613 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
12621 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
12622 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
12630 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
12631 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
12632 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
12633 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
12634 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
12638 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
12648 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
12652 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
12654 =item ERROR REPORTING
12662 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
12667 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
12668 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
12692 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
12702 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
12714 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
12715 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
12723 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
12724 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
12735 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
12736 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
12744 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
12745 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
12756 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
12766 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
12767 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
12778 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
12790 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
12798 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
12808 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
12809 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
12817 =item Minimal set of supported functions
12819 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
12820 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
12822 =item Additional supported functions
12824 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
12832 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
12842 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
12854 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
12864 =item The test script output
12872 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
12873 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
12874 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
12875 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
12887 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
12899 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
12914 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
12931 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
12946 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
12960 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
12971 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
12972 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
12973 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
12977 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
12985 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
12993 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
12995 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
13001 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
13009 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
13011 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
13015 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
13027 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
13037 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
13045 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
13046 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
13047 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
13048 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
13056 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
13065 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
13066 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
13067 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
13068 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
13070 =item MORE INFORMATION
13072 =item COMPATIBILITY
13076 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
13084 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
13085 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
13089 =item MORE INFORMATION
13093 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
13111 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
13120 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
13122 =item MORE INFORMATION
13126 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
13138 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
13146 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13152 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
13167 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
13182 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
13194 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
13202 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
13203 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
13207 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
13222 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
13233 =item System Specifics
13247 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
13255 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
13257 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
13258 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
13259 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
13260 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
13261 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
13262 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
13263 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
13264 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
13265 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(),
13266 Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), Win32::LoginName(),
13267 Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE),
13268 Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
13269 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
13270 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
13271 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
13272 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
13278 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
13290 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
13292 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
13293 don't all have manual pages yet:
13319 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles