4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
365 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
366 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
367 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
368 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
369 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
370 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
371 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
372 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
373 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
374 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
375 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
376 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
377 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
378 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
379 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
380 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
381 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
382 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
383 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
384 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
385 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
386 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
387 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
388 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
389 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
390 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
391 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
392 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
393 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
394 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
395 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
396 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
397 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
398 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
399 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
400 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
401 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
402 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
403 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
409 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
415 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
423 =item Making References
425 =item Using References
443 =item Distribution Conditions
449 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
455 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
456 more elaborate constructs
460 =item COMMON MISTAKES
462 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
464 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
470 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
474 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
476 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
478 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
482 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
486 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
488 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
490 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
494 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
498 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
500 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
502 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
506 =item HASHES OF HASHES
510 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
512 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
514 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
518 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
522 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
524 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
526 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
538 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
548 =item Simple word matching
550 =item Using character classes
552 =item Matching this or that
554 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
556 =item Extracting matches
558 =item Matching repetitions
562 =item Search and replace
564 =item The split operator
572 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
576 =item Acknowledgments
582 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
590 =item Verbatim Paragraph
592 =item Command Paragraph
594 =item Ordinary Block of Text
598 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
600 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
610 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
618 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
636 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
638 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
639 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
640 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
641 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
643 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
645 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
646 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
647 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
651 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
653 =item Numerical Traps
655 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
657 =item General data type traps
659 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
660 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
662 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
664 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
666 =item Precedence Traps
668 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
671 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
673 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
674 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
677 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
679 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
685 =item Interpolation Traps
687 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
694 =item Unclassified Traps
696 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
703 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
713 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
715 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
717 =item Location of Perl
719 =item Command Switches
721 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
722 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
723 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
724 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
725 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
726 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
733 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
734 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
735 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
739 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
747 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
755 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
757 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
759 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
763 =item Backward Compatibility
765 =item Category Hierarchy
769 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
781 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
789 =item Looking at data and -w and w
793 =item Stepping through code
795 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
797 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
815 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
821 =item The Perl Debugger
825 =item Debugger Commands
827 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
828 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
829 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
830 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
831 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
832 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
833 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
834 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
835 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
837 =item Configurable Options
839 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
840 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
841 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
842 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
843 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
844 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
846 =item Debugger input/output
848 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
851 =item Debugging compile-time statements
853 =item Debugger Customization
855 =item Readline Support
857 =item Editor Support for Debugging
859 =item The Perl Profiler
863 =item Debugging regular expressions
865 =item Debugging memory usage
873 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
881 =item Predefined Names
883 $ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
884 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
885 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
886 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
887 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
888 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
890 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
891 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
892 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
894 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
895 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
896 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
897 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
898 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
899 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
900 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
901 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
902 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
903 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
904 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
905 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
906 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
907 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
908 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
909 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
910 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
911 %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
913 =item Error Indicators
915 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
923 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
931 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
933 =item Growing Your Own
935 =item Access and Printing
947 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
953 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
963 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
969 =item Open E<agrave> la C
973 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
977 =item Obscure Open Tricks
981 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
983 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
987 =item Single Argument Open
989 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
993 =item Other I/O Issues
997 =item Opening Non-File Files
1007 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1013 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1019 =item Part 1: The basics
1023 =item Simple word matching
1025 =item Using character classes
1027 =item Matching this or that
1029 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1031 =item Extracting matches
1033 =item Matching repetitions
1035 =item Building a regexp
1037 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1041 =item Part 2: Power tools
1045 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1047 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1049 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1051 =item Non-capturing groupings
1053 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1055 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1057 =item Conditional expressions
1059 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1061 =item Pragmas and debugging
1069 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1073 =item Acknowledgments
1079 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1089 =item Regular Expressions
1091 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1093 =item Extended Patterns
1095 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1096 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1097 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1098 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1102 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1104 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1106 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1108 =item Combining pieces together
1110 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1111 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1112 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1113 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1115 =item Creating custom RE engines
1125 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1135 =item Making References
1137 =item Using References
1139 =item Symbolic references
1141 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1143 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1145 =item Function Templates
1155 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1163 =item Format Variables
1173 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1181 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1189 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1191 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1193 =item Invoking a barnyard
1195 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1197 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1199 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1201 =item A few notes about @ISA
1203 =item Overriding the methods
1205 =item Starting the search from a different place
1207 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1209 =item Where we're at so far...
1211 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1213 =item Invoking an instance method
1215 =item Accessing the instance data
1217 =item How to build a horse
1219 =item Inheriting the constructor
1221 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1223 =item Adding parameters to a method
1225 =item More interesting instances
1227 =item A horse of a different color
1239 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1245 =item Creating a Class
1249 =item Object Representation
1251 =item Class Interface
1253 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1255 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1259 =item Other Object Methods
1267 =item Accessing Class Data
1269 =item Debugging Methods
1271 =item Class Destructors
1273 =item Documenting the Interface
1283 =item Overridden Methods
1285 =item Multiple Inheritance
1287 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1291 =item Alternate Object Representations
1295 =item Arrays as Objects
1297 =item Closures as Objects
1301 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1305 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1307 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1311 =item Metaclassical Tools
1317 =item Data Members as Variables
1325 =item Object Terminology
1331 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1337 =item Acknowledgments
1343 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1349 =item Class Data in a Can
1351 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1355 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1357 =item Inheritance Concerns
1359 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1361 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1363 =item Monadic Classes
1365 =item Translucent Attributes
1369 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1373 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1375 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1377 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1379 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1381 =item Translucency Revisited
1389 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1391 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1397 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1405 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1407 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1409 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1411 =item Method Invocation
1415 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1417 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1423 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1431 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1437 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1439 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1441 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1443 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1445 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1447 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1449 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1451 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1453 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1455 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1461 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1473 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1478 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1479 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1480 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1481 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1486 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1487 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1488 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1490 =item Tying FileHandles
1492 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1493 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1498 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1510 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1511 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1527 =item Using open() for IPC
1533 =item Background Processes
1535 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1537 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1539 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1541 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1545 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1549 =item Internet Line Terminators
1551 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1553 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1557 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1561 =item A Simple Client
1563 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1565 =item A Webget Client
1567 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1571 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1573 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1575 =item UDP: Message Passing
1589 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1599 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1601 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1602 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1603 files, directories and network sockets
1605 =item Resource limits
1607 =item Killing the parent process
1609 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1611 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1613 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1614 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1615 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1627 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1635 =item Storing numbers
1637 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1639 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1641 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1642 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1643 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1652 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1658 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1660 =item Threaded Program Models
1672 =item Native threads
1674 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1676 =item Threadsafe Modules
1682 =item Basic Thread Support
1684 =item Creating Threads
1686 =item Giving up control
1688 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1690 =item Errors In Threads
1692 =item Ignoring A Thread
1696 =item Threads And Data
1700 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1702 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1704 =item Controlling access: lock()
1706 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1708 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1712 =item Threads And Code
1716 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1718 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1720 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1722 =item Subroutine Locks
1726 =item Locking A Subroutine
1730 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1734 =item What Thread Am I In?
1738 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1740 =item What Threads Are Running?
1744 =item A Complete Example
1752 =item Introductory Texts
1754 =item OS-Related References
1756 =item Other References
1760 =item Acknowledgements
1768 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1774 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1783 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1785 =item Files and Filesystems
1787 =item System Interaction
1789 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1791 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1793 =item Standard Modules
1797 =item Character sets and character encoding
1799 =item Internationalisation
1801 =item System Resources
1811 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1812 http://testers.cpan.org/
1820 =item DOS and Derivatives
1828 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1836 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1840 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1842 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1843 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1844 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1845 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1846 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1847 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1848 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1849 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1850 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1851 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1852 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1853 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1854 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1855 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1856 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1857 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1858 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1859 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1860 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1861 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1862 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1863 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1864 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1865 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1866 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1872 v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999,
1873 v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May
1874 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December
1875 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August
1876 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998,
1879 =item Supported Platforms
1883 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1889 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1896 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1902 =item The use locale pragma
1904 =item The setlocale function
1906 =item Finding locales
1908 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1910 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1912 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1914 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1916 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1918 =item The localeconv function
1922 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1926 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1928 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1930 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1932 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1936 =item Other categories
1944 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1945 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1951 =item Backward compatibility
1953 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1955 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1957 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1959 =item Freely available locale definitions
1963 =item An imperfect standard
1971 =item Broken systems
1981 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1989 =item Important Caveat
1991 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1992 to enable a few features
1994 =item Byte and Character semantics
1996 =item Effects of character semantics
1998 =item Character encodings for input and output
2008 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2014 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2022 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2026 =item 13 variant characters
2036 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2038 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4
2040 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2054 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2056 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2058 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2060 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2068 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2070 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2072 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2074 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2078 =item TRANFORMATION FORMATS
2082 =item URL decoding and encoding
2084 =item uu encoding and decoding
2086 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2088 =item Caesarian cyphers
2092 =item Hashing order and checksums
2096 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2108 chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales
2126 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2134 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2136 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2138 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2142 =item Protecting Your Programs
2150 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2162 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2174 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2180 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2184 =item Pragmatic Modules
2186 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2187 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2188 perlio, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register
2190 =item Standard Modules
2192 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2193 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
2194 B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark,
2195 ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast,
2196 CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox,
2197 Carp, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle,
2198 Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2199 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed,
2200 ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2201 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2202 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
2203 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
2204 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob,
2205 File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc,
2206 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2207 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2208 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
2209 I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2210 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent,
2211 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find,
2212 Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils,
2213 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2214 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver,
2215 SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2216 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
2217 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
2218 Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2219 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent,
2222 =item Extension Modules
2228 Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, North America, South
2231 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2235 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2237 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
2238 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
2239 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
2240 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
2241 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
2242 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
2243 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
2244 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
2245 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
2246 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
2247 care when changing a released module
2249 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2251 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
2252 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
2253 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
2254 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
2256 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2264 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2274 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2275 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2289 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2299 =item What should I make into a module?
2301 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2303 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2305 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2307 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2308 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2309 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2311 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2313 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2314 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2324 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2325 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2335 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2337 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2339 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2341 =item What is perl6?
2343 =item How stable is Perl?
2345 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2347 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2350 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2352 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2354 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2356 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2358 =item What is a JAPH?
2360 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2362 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2363 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2367 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2371 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2372 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2380 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2382 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2384 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2386 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2389 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2390 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2392 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2393 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2395 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2397 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2399 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2401 =item Where should I post source code?
2405 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2407 =item Perl in Magazines
2409 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2411 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2413 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2415 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2417 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2419 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2423 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2427 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2436 =item How do I do (anything)?
2438 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2440 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2442 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2444 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2446 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2448 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2450 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2452 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2454 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2456 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2458 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2460 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2462 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2464 =item What is undump?
2466 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2468 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2470 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2472 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2474 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2476 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2478 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2480 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2482 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2484 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2486 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2488 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2490 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2492 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2494 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2495 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2497 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2500 =item What's MakeMaker?
2504 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2508 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2519 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2520 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2522 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2524 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2527 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2529 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2531 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2533 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2535 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2537 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2545 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2547 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2549 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2551 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2553 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2555 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2557 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2565 =item How do I validate input?
2567 =item How do I unescape a string?
2569 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2571 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2573 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2575 =item How do I reverse a string?
2577 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2579 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2581 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2583 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2585 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2588 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2590 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2591 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2593 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2595 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2597 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2599 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2601 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2603 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2605 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2607 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2608 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2617 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2619 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2621 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2625 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2627 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2628 intersection of two arrays?
2630 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2632 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2634 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2636 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2638 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2640 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2642 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2644 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2646 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2648 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2650 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2654 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2658 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2660 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2663 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2665 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2667 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2669 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2671 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2673 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2675 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2677 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2679 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2681 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2683 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2686 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2687 array of hashes or arrays?
2689 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2697 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2699 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2701 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2703 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2705 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2707 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2709 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2713 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2717 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2726 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2728 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2729 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2731 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2733 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2735 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2737 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2738 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2740 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2742 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2744 =item How can I write() into a string?
2746 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2748 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2750 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2752 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2754 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2756 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2758 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2760 =item How can I lock a file?
2762 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2764 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2765 the file. How can I do this?
2767 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2769 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2771 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2773 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2775 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2777 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2779 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2781 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2783 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2785 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2787 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2789 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2790 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2792 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2794 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2795 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2797 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2799 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2803 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2807 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2815 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2816 and unmaintainable code?
2818 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2820 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2822 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2825 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2827 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2830 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2832 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2834 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2836 =item What is C</o> really for?
2838 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2841 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2843 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2845 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2847 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2849 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2851 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2853 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2855 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2857 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2859 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2861 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2863 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2865 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2869 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2873 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2874 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2882 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2884 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2887 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2890 =item How do I skip some return values?
2892 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2894 =item What's an extension?
2896 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2898 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2900 =item How do I create a module?
2902 =item How do I create a class?
2904 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2906 =item What's a closure?
2908 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2910 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2913 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2916 =item How do I create a static variable?
2918 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2919 Between local() and my()?
2921 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2924 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2926 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2928 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2930 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2932 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2934 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2936 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2938 =item How can I find out my current package?
2940 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2942 =item How do I clear a package?
2944 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2948 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2952 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2961 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2963 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2965 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
2967 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
2969 =item How do I print something out in color?
2971 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
2973 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
2975 =item How do I clear the screen?
2977 =item How do I get the screen size?
2979 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
2981 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
2983 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
2985 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
2987 =item How do I start a process in the background?
2989 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
2991 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
2993 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
2995 =item How do I set the time and date?
2997 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
2999 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3001 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3003 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3004 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3006 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3008 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3010 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3012 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3014 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3016 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3018 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3020 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3022 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3024 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3027 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3029 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3031 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3033 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3036 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3037 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3038 changes to be visible?
3042 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3045 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3047 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3049 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3051 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3053 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3055 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3057 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3059 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3061 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3063 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3065 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3067 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3070 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3072 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3076 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3080 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3089 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3092 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3094 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3096 =item How do I extract URLs?
3098 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3099 file on another machine?
3101 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3103 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3105 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3107 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3109 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3111 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3113 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3115 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3116 CGI script to do bad things?
3118 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3120 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3122 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3124 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3126 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3128 =item How do I send mail?
3130 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3132 =item How do I read mail?
3134 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3136 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3138 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3140 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3144 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3148 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3158 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3162 =item Using The Back Ends
3166 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3170 =item The Decompiling Back End
3172 =item The Lint Back End
3174 =item The Simple C Back End
3176 =item The Bytecode Back End
3178 =item The Optimized C Back End
3180 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3181 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3182 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3186 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3192 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3202 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3203 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3207 =item Compiling your C program
3209 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3211 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3213 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3215 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3217 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3219 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3221 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3223 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3228 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3238 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3244 =item Debugger Internals
3248 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3252 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3254 =item Debugging regular expressions
3258 =item Compile-time output
3260 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3261 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3262 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3265 =item Types of nodes
3267 =item Run-time output
3271 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3275 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3277 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3278 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3281 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3283 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3285 =item B<-DL> details
3289 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3297 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3309 =item Version caveat
3311 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3323 =item What has gone on?
3325 =item Writing good test scripts
3329 =item What's new here?
3331 =item Input and Output Parameters
3333 =item The XSUBPP Program
3335 =item The TYPEMAP file
3337 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3341 =item What has happened here?
3343 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3345 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3347 =item More about XSUB arguments
3349 =item The Argument Stack
3351 =item Extending your Extension
3353 =item Documenting your Extension
3355 =item Installing your Extension
3359 =item New Things in this Example
3363 =item New Things in this Example
3365 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3367 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3369 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3371 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3387 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3399 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3401 =item The Argument Stack
3403 =item The RETVAL Variable
3405 =item The MODULE Keyword
3407 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3409 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3411 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3413 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3415 =item The CODE: Keyword
3417 =item The INIT: Keyword
3419 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3421 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3423 =item Default Parameter Values
3425 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3427 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3429 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3431 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3433 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3435 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3437 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3439 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3441 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3443 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3445 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3447 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3449 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3451 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3453 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3455 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3457 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3459 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3461 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3463 =item The CASE: Keyword
3465 =item The & Unary Operator
3467 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3469 =item Using XS With C++
3471 =item Interface Strategy
3473 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3487 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3497 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3499 =item File Operations
3501 =item File Input and Output
3503 =item File Positioning
3505 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3507 =item Character Class Tests
3509 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3511 =item Miscellaneous functions
3519 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3531 =item What is an "IV"?
3533 =item Working with SVs
3537 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3539 =item Working with AVs
3541 =item Working with HVs
3543 =item Hash API Extensions
3547 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3549 =item Creating New Variables
3551 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3553 =item Stashes and Globs
3555 =item Double-Typed SVs
3557 =item Magic Variables
3559 =item Assigning Magic
3561 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3565 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3567 =item Localizing changes
3569 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3570 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP
3571 *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char
3572 *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void
3573 *p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>,
3574 C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV
3575 *gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32
3576 maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>,
3577 C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3585 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3587 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3589 =item Memory Allocation
3593 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3597 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3607 =item Examining the tree
3609 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3611 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3613 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3615 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3619 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3621 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3625 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3627 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3629 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3631 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3633 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3637 =item Internal Functions
3639 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3643 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3645 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3647 =item Source Documentation
3651 =item Unicode Support
3655 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3657 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3659 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3661 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3663 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3665 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3675 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3681 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3683 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3685 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3705 =item Determining the Context
3709 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3715 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3717 =item Passing Parameters
3719 =item Returning a Scalar
3721 =item Returning a list of values
3723 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3725 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3729 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3733 =item Using call_argv
3735 =item Using call_method
3739 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3741 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3743 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3744 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3747 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3749 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3761 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3771 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3772 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3773 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3774 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3778 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3782 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3783 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3791 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3801 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3803 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3805 B<Decryption Filters>
3807 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3809 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3811 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3823 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3831 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3832 B<filter_fetch_value>
3838 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3840 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3850 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3856 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3857 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3858 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv,
3859 CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS,
3860 dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS,
3861 get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
3862 gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY,
3863 G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
3864 HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear,
3865 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3866 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3867 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3868 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
3869 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
3870 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
3871 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
3872 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
3873 newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK,
3874 perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
3875 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn,
3876 POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
3877 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
3878 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
3879 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
3880 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
3881 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
3882 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
3883 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
3884 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
3885 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
3886 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV,
3887 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
3888 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
3889 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
3890 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec,
3891 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
3892 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy,
3893 sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
3894 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3895 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3896 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3897 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
3898 sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
3899 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
3900 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER,
3901 utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length,
3902 utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8,
3903 warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY,
3904 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
3905 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES,
3906 XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3914 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3921 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3922 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, start_glob
3930 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3940 =item History and Background
3942 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3944 =item Data Structures
3946 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
3947 data for a particular handle
3949 =item Functions and Attributes
3951 =item Per-instance Data
3953 =item Layers in action.
3955 =item Per-instance flag bits
3957 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
3958 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
3959 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
3960 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
3962 =item Methods in Detail
3964 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
3965 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
3966 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
3967 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
3968 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
3969 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
3970 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3971 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3972 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3973 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
3974 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
3975 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
3976 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
3977 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
3981 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
3983 =item Extension Layers
3985 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
3991 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
3999 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4000 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4001 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4002 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4003 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4004 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4005 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4006 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4007 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4008 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4009 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4013 =item Co-existence with stdio
4015 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4016 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4018 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4020 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4021 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4022 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4023 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4025 =item Other Functions
4027 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4028 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4034 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4040 =item Infrastructure
4044 =item Mailing list archives
4046 =item Bug tracking system
4048 =item Regression Tests
4050 Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to
4071 Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs
4075 =item Perl Internals
4081 =item Garbage Collection
4083 =item Reliable signals
4085 Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed
4086 sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN
4088 =item Interpolated regex performance bugs
4090 =item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
4092 =item Make XS easier to use
4094 =item Make embedded Perl easier to use
4096 =item Namespace cleanup
4108 =item A clear division into tutorial and reference
4110 =item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions
4112 =item More tutorials
4114 Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging
4116 =item Include a search tool
4118 =item Include a locate tool
4120 =item Separate function manpages by default
4122 =item Users can't find the manpages
4124 =item Install ALL Documentation
4126 =item Outstanding issues to be documented
4128 =item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
4130 =item Replace man with a perl program
4132 =item Unicode tutorial
4140 =item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2
4142 =item Module versions
4150 VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice
4152 =item Procedural options
4156 =item y2k localtime/gmtime
4158 =item Export File::Find variables
4162 =item Debugger attach/detach
4164 =item Regular Expression debugger
4166 =item Alternative RE Syntax
4168 =item Bundled modules
4174 =item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
4190 =item POSIX on non-POSIX
4192 =item Portable installations
4200 =item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
4202 =item Sort out the spawnvp() mess
4204 =item Work out DLL versioning
4210 =item Would be nice to have
4212 C<pack "(stuff)*">, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled
4213 perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format
4214 BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input
4215 should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun
4216 debugger, lvalue functions
4218 =item Possible pragmas
4230 =item constant function cache
4232 =item foreach(reverse...)
4234 =item Cache eval tree
4238 =item Shrink opcode tables
4240 =item Cache hash value
4242 =item Optimize away @_ where possible
4244 =item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
4246 =item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization
4250 =item Vague possibilities
4252 ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?,
4253 Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real
4254 threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al
4256 =item To Do Or Not To Do
4260 =item Making my() work on "package" variables
4262 =item "or" testing defined not truth
4264 =item "dynamic" lexicals
4266 =item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals"
4282 =item External threads
4288 =item Per-thread GVs
4300 =item Precompiled modules
4304 =item Typed lexicals
4314 =item Cached compilation
4318 =item Recently Finished Tasks
4322 =item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
4328 =item Namespace cleanup
4340 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4346 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4347 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4348 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4349 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4350 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4351 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4352 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4356 =item Keeping in sync
4358 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4359 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4360 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4361 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4363 =item Submitting patches
4365 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4366 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4368 =item Finding Your Way Around
4370 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4372 =item Elements of the interpreter
4374 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4376 =item Internal Variable Types
4382 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4384 =item Millions of Macros
4386 =item Poking at Perl
4388 =item Using a source-level debugger
4390 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4391 finish, 'enter', print
4393 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4399 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4403 =item Rational Software's Purify
4405 =item Purify on Unix
4407 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4411 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4413 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4415 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4417 =item Pixie Profiling
4419 -h, -l, -p, -h, -i, -l, -testcoverage, -zero
4423 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4431 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4439 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4451 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4453 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4457 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4461 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4467 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4469 =item Incompatible Changes
4471 =item Core Enhancements
4473 =item Modules and Pragmata
4479 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4483 =item Utility Changes
4485 =item New Documentation
4487 =item Performance Enhancements
4489 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4493 =item Generic Improvements
4497 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4501 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4505 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4507 =item Changed Internals
4509 =item Known Problems
4513 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4515 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4517 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4519 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4521 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4523 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4525 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4527 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4529 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4531 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4533 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4537 =item Reporting Bugs
4545 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4551 =item Core Enhancements
4555 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4557 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4559 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4561 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4563 =item "our" declarations
4565 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4567 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4569 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4571 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4573 =item open() with more than two arguments
4575 =item 64-bit support
4577 =item Large file support
4583 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4585 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4587 =item File globbing implemented internally
4589 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4591 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4593 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4595 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4597 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4599 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4601 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4603 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4605 =item Comments in pack() templates
4607 =item Weak references
4609 =item Binary numbers supported
4611 =item Lvalue subroutines
4613 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4615 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4617 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4619 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4621 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4623 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4625 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4627 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4629 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4631 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4633 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4635 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4637 =item Improved diagnostics
4639 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4641 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4643 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4645 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4647 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4649 =item Improved security features
4651 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4653 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4655 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4657 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4659 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4661 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4663 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
4667 =item Modules and Pragmata
4673 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
4674 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
4675 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
4676 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
4677 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
4678 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
4679 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
4680 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
4686 =item Utility Changes
4700 =item The Perl Debugger
4704 =item Improved Documentation
4706 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
4707 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
4708 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
4709 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
4711 =item Performance enhancements
4715 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
4717 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
4719 =item Faster subroutine calls
4721 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
4725 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4729 =item -Dusethreads means something different
4731 =item New Configure flags
4733 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
4739 =item -Duselargefiles
4741 =item installusrbinperl
4747 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
4751 =item Platform specific changes
4755 =item Supported platforms
4759 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
4767 =item Significant bug fixes
4771 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
4773 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
4775 =item All compilation errors are true errors
4777 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
4779 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
4781 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
4783 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
4785 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
4787 =item Failures in DESTROY()
4789 =item Locale bugs fixed
4793 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
4795 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
4797 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
4799 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
4803 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4805 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
4806 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
4807 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
4808 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
4809 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
4810 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
4811 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
4812 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
4813 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
4814 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
4815 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
4816 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
4817 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
4818 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
4819 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
4820 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
4821 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
4822 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
4823 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
4824 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
4825 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
4826 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
4827 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
4828 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
4829 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
4830 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
4831 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
4832 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
4833 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
4834 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
4835 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
4836 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
4837 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
4838 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
4839 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
4840 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
4841 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
4842 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
4843 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
4844 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
4845 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
4846 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
4847 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
4848 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
4849 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
4850 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
4851 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
4852 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
4853 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
4854 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
4858 =item Incompatible Changes
4862 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
4864 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
4865 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
4866 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
4867 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
4868 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
4869 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
4870 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
4871 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
4872 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
4873 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
4874 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
4876 =item C Source Incompatibilities
4878 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
4880 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
4882 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
4884 =item Binary Incompatibilities
4888 =item Known Problems
4892 =item Thread test failures
4894 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
4896 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
4898 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
4900 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
4903 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
4905 =item Arrow operator and arrays
4907 =item Experimental features
4909 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
4910 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
4911 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
4915 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
4917 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
4918 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
4919 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
4920 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
4922 =item Reporting Bugs
4930 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
4936 =item About the new versioning system
4938 =item Incompatible Changes
4942 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
4944 =item Default installation structure has changed
4946 =item Perl Source Compatibility
4948 =item C Source Compatibility
4950 =item Binary Compatibility
4952 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
4954 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
4968 =item Regular Expressions
4970 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
4971 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
4972 improvements, Incompatible changes
4974 =item Improved malloc()
4976 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
4978 =item Reliable signals
4980 =item Reliable stack pointers
4982 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
4986 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
4988 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
4990 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
4992 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
4994 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
4996 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
4998 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5000 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5002 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5004 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5006 =item Better locale support
5008 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5010 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5012 =item Extended support for exception handling
5014 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5016 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5018 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5020 =item New C<lock> keyword
5022 =item New C<qr//> operator
5024 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5026 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5028 =item Tied handles support is better
5030 =item 4th argument to substr
5032 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5034 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5036 =item <> now reads in records
5040 =item Supported Platforms
5046 =item Changes in existing support
5050 =item Modules and Pragmata
5056 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5057 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5058 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5060 =item Changes in existing modules
5062 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5063 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5067 =item Utility Changes
5069 =item Documentation Changes
5071 =item New Diagnostics
5073 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5074 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5075 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5076 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5077 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5078 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5079 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5080 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5081 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5082 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5083 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5084 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5085 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5086 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5087 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5088 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5089 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5091 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5093 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5094 temporary file, regexp too big
5096 =item Configuration Changes
5106 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5112 =item Supported Environments
5118 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5120 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5122 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5124 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5126 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5128 =item More precise warnings
5130 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5132 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5134 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5136 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5138 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5140 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5142 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5144 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5146 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5148 =item Changes to tainting checks
5150 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5151 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5153 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5155 =item Embedding improvements
5157 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5159 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5161 =item New and changed syntax
5165 =item New and changed builtin constants
5169 =item New and changed builtin variables
5173 =item New and changed builtin functions
5175 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5176 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5177 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5178 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5179 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5181 =item New builtin methods
5183 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5185 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5187 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5188 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5190 =item Malloc enhancements
5192 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5194 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5198 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5214 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5215 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5221 =item Required Updates
5223 =item Installation directories
5225 =item Module information summary
5239 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5243 =item Utility Changes
5249 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5253 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5257 =item C Language API Changes
5259 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5262 =item Documentation Changes
5264 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5265 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5267 =item New Diagnostics
5269 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5270 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5271 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5272 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5273 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5274 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5275 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5276 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5277 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5278 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5279 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5280 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5281 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5282 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5283 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5284 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5285 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5286 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5287 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5288 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5289 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5290 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5291 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5292 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5293 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5303 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5311 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5315 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5317 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5319 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5321 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5327 =item GDBM and Threads
5329 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5339 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5355 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5357 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5359 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5365 =item Accessing documentation
5373 =item B<GNU> C<info> files
5385 =item Getting the perl source
5389 sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib
5393 =item Installing the built perl
5403 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5425 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell
5427 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5429 =item Floating point anomalies
5447 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5457 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5459 =item Cygwin Configuration
5461 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5469 =item Strip Binaries
5471 =item Optional Libraries
5473 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5474 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5476 =item Configure-time Options
5478 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5479 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5481 =item Suspicious Warnings
5483 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5501 =item File Permissions
5505 =item Filetime Granularity
5507 =item Tainting Checks
5511 =item Script Portability
5513 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5521 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5522 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5532 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5540 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5542 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
5544 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
5546 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5550 =item I/O Redirection
5560 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5564 =item SUPPORT STATUS
5572 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5581 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5591 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5593 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5595 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5597 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5603 =item GDBM and Threads
5605 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5607 =item perl -P and //
5617 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
5626 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
5628 =item Failures during C<make test>
5630 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
5632 =item Building external modules
5642 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
5650 =item System Requirements
5652 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
5654 =item Distribution Contents Highlights
5656 README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6
5658 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
5660 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
5662 =item Change History
5666 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
5686 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
5688 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
5690 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
5694 =item Frequently asked questions
5698 =item "It does not work"
5700 =item I cannot run external programs
5702 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
5705 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
5708 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
5710 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
5718 =item Automatic binary installation
5720 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
5722 =item Manual binary installation
5724 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
5725 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
5726 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
5727 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
5728 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
5734 =item Accessing documentation
5738 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
5746 =item GNU C<info> files
5758 =item The short story
5762 =item Getting perl source
5764 =item Application of the patches
5772 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
5775 =item Installing the built perl
5777 =item C<a.out>-style build
5785 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
5787 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
5789 =item Problems with tr or sed
5791 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
5793 =item Library ... not found
5795 =item Segfault in make
5797 =item op/sprintf test failure
5801 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
5805 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
5809 =item C<extproc> on the first line
5811 =item Additional modules:
5813 =item Prebuilt methods:
5815 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
5816 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
5817 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
5818 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
5819 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
5820 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
5821 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
5822 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
5823 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
5824 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
5825 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
5827 =item Prebuilt variables:
5829 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
5835 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
5838 =item Identifying DLLs
5840 =item Centralized management of resources
5856 =item F<perl___.exe>
5858 =item Why strange names?
5860 =item Why dynamic linking?
5862 =item Why chimera build?
5870 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
5872 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
5874 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
5876 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
5878 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
5880 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
5890 =item DLL name mangling
5894 =item Calls to external programs
5896 =item Memory allocation
5900 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
5914 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
5926 =item Setup and utilities
5930 =item Build, test, install
5932 =item build anomalies
5934 =item testing anomalies
5936 =item installation anomalies
5940 =item Floating point anomalies
5942 =item Modules and Extensions
5960 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
5968 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
5974 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
5980 =item File Extraction Problems.
5982 =item Compiler and Related Tools.
5988 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
5992 =item 64-bit Issues.
5996 =item Malloc Issues.
6000 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6002 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6003 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6004 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6010 =item op/stat.t test 4
6014 =item PREBUILT BINARIES.
6016 =item RUNTIME ISSUES.
6020 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files.
6024 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6026 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6030 =item Proc::ProcessTable
6044 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6056 =item Setup and utilities
6060 Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There's a bug in the
6061 compiler (APAR PQ18812) that generates some bad code the optimizer is on,
6062 As VM/ESA doesn't fully support the fork() API programs relying on this
6063 call will not work. I've replaced fork()/exec() with spawn() and the
6064 standalone exec() with spawn(). This has a side effect when opening unnamed
6065 pipes in a shell script: there is no child process generated under
6067 =item testing anomalies
6071 When using perl on VM/ESA please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII
6072 character sets are different. Perl builtin functions that may behave
6073 differently under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod document.
6089 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6097 =item Organization of Perl Images
6103 =item Perl Extensions
6105 =item Installing static extensions
6107 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6111 =item File specifications
6117 =item Wildcard expansion
6123 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6129 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6131 =item Command line switches
6137 =item Perl functions
6139 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6140 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6141 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6142 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6144 =item Perl variables
6146 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|
6148 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6162 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6170 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6174 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6178 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6180 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6184 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6188 =item Unimplemented Features
6194 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6202 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6204 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6216 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6226 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6236 =item Built-in Attributes
6238 locked, method, lvalue
6240 =item Available Subroutines
6244 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6246 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6248 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6256 =item Default exports
6258 =item Available exports
6260 =item Export tags defined
6270 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6282 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6298 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6312 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6326 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6339 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6348 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6354 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6364 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6374 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6385 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6387 =item The I<splain> Program
6401 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6415 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6425 =item subpragma access
6431 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
6442 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
6452 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
6462 =item Adding directories to @INC
6464 =item Deleting directories from @INC
6466 =item Restoring original @INC
6476 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
6487 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
6495 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
6497 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
6503 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
6515 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
6525 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
6527 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
6529 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
6531 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
6533 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
6535 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
6537 =item Overloadable Operations
6539 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
6540 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
6541 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
6543 =item Inheritance and overloading
6545 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
6546 is inherited by derived classes
6550 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
6558 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
6560 =item Copy Constructor
6566 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
6568 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
6569 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
6570 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
6573 =item Losing overloading
6575 =item Run-time Overloading
6577 =item Public functions
6579 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
6581 =item Overloading constants
6583 integer, float, binary, q, qr
6585 =item IMPLEMENTATION
6587 =item Metaphor clash
6593 =item Two-face scalars
6595 =item Two-face references
6597 =item Symbolic calculator
6599 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
6607 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
6608 type, `%s' is not a code reference
6614 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6624 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
6636 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
6638 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
6642 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
6646 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
6654 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
6662 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
6666 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
6676 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
6689 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code
6699 =item Utility functions
6701 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
6702 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
6710 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
6720 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
6728 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
6729 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
6730 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
6731 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
6732 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
6736 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
6738 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
6740 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
6750 =item DBM Comparisons
6760 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
6770 =item Subroutine Stubs
6772 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6774 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6776 =item Package Lexicals
6778 =item Not Using AutoLoader
6780 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
6790 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
6798 $keep, $check, $modtime
6802 =item Multiple packages
6810 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
6818 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
6822 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
6830 IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv
6844 =item B::PVMG METHODS
6848 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
6850 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
6852 =item B::PVLV METHODS
6854 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
6858 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
6862 is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE,
6863 FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
6867 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
6868 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
6872 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
6876 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
6881 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
6883 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
6887 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
6889 =item B::UNOP METHOD
6893 =item B::BINOP METHOD
6897 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
6901 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
6905 =item B::PMOP METHODS
6907 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
6909 =item B::SVOP METHOD
6913 =item B::PADOP METHOD
6917 =item B::PVOP METHOD
6921 =item B::LOOP METHODS
6923 redoop, nextop, lastop
6925 =item B::COP METHODS
6927 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
6931 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
6933 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
6934 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
6935 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM),
6936 hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
6942 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
6955 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
6967 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
6979 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
6989 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
6990 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
6991 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7001 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7011 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7012 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7022 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7032 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7033 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7034 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7046 =item Context of ".."
7050 =item Deprecated features
7058 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7068 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7069 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7070 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7072 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7074 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7075 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7076 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7077 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7078 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7079 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7080 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7081 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7087 =item OP flags abbreviations
7089 =item OP class abbreviations
7097 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7109 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7119 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7120 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7122 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7142 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7154 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7162 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7164 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7165 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7167 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7177 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7187 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7193 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7205 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7217 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7219 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7231 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7241 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7249 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7261 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7275 =item Standard Exports
7277 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7278 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7279 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7281 =item Optional Exports
7283 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7284 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7285 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7301 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7305 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7319 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7329 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7330 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7331 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7341 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7353 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7355 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7357 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7359 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7361 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7363 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7365 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7367 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7369 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7371 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7373 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7375 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7377 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7379 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7381 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7383 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7385 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7387 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7388 B<:standard>, B<:all>
7392 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls,
7393 -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles
7395 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
7397 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
7398 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
7403 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
7407 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
7409 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
7411 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
7413 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
7415 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
7417 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
7419 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
7421 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
7422 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
7424 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
7428 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
7432 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
7434 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
7436 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
7438 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
7440 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
7442 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
7443 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
7445 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
7449 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
7453 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
7455 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
7457 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
7459 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
7463 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
7465 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
7467 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
7471 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
7473 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
7477 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
7481 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
7485 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
7489 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
7493 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
7495 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
7497 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
7501 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
7505 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
7511 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
7512 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
7514 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
7516 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
7517 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
7520 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
7526 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
7530 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
7532 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
7533 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
7534 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
7535 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
7536 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
7538 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
7540 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
7545 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
7547 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
7549 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
7550 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
7552 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
7554 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7558 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
7559 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
7560 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
7561 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
7562 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
7563 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
7564 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
7565 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
7566 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
7567 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
7568 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
7569 ...and many many more..
7571 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
7579 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
7589 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7597 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
7606 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
7608 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
7612 =item Changing the default message
7616 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
7626 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
7634 =item USING CGI::Cookie
7636 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
7640 =item Creating New Cookies
7642 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
7644 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
7646 =item Manipulating Cookies
7648 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
7652 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7660 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
7668 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
7670 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
7672 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
7674 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
7678 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7686 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
7696 =item Tags that won't be formatted
7698 =item Customizing the Indenting
7710 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
7718 =item USING CGI::Push
7720 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
7724 =item Heterogeneous Pages
7726 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
7730 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
7732 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7740 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
7750 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7758 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
7766 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7772 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
7782 =item Interactive Mode
7784 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
7785 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
7786 distribution, ls author, Signals
7794 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
7796 =item Programmer's interface
7798 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
7800 =item Methods in the other Classes
7802 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
7803 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
7804 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
7805 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
7806 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
7807 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
7808 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
7809 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
7810 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
7811 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
7812 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
7813 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
7814 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
7815 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
7816 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
7817 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
7818 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
7819 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
7820 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
7821 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
7822 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
7823 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
7824 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
7825 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
7826 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
7827 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
7835 =item Finding packages and VERSION
7839 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
7845 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
7846 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
7847 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
7848 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
7852 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
7854 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
7862 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
7864 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
7868 =item Three basic types of firewalls
7870 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
7872 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
7878 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
7890 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
7900 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
7913 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
7923 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
7931 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
7933 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
7943 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
7944 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
7945 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
7947 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
7955 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
7965 =item The C<struct()> function
7967 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
7969 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
7971 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
7972 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
7974 =item Initializing with C<new>
7980 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
7982 =item Author and Modification History
7986 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
7994 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8006 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8010 C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>,
8011 C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>,
8012 C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk>
8016 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8017 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8021 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8022 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8023 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8024 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>
8028 C<CONFIGDOTSH>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>,
8029 C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>,
8030 C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8034 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8035 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8036 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8037 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8038 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>,
8039 C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>,
8040 C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>,
8041 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>,
8042 C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>,
8043 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
8044 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
8045 C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
8046 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
8047 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
8048 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>,
8049 C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>,
8050 C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>,
8051 C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>,
8052 C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>,
8053 C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
8054 C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>,
8055 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>,
8056 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
8057 C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
8058 C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
8059 C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>,
8060 C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
8061 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
8062 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
8063 C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
8064 C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
8065 C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>,
8066 C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>,
8067 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
8068 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
8069 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
8070 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
8071 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
8072 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
8073 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
8074 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
8075 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>,
8076 C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>,
8077 C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>,
8078 C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>,
8079 C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
8080 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
8081 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
8082 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
8083 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
8084 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
8085 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
8086 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
8087 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
8088 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>,
8089 C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_statblks>,
8090 C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>,
8091 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
8092 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
8093 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
8094 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
8095 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
8096 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>,
8097 C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
8098 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>,
8099 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
8100 C<d_usleep>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>,
8101 C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>,
8102 C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>,
8103 C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
8104 C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
8105 C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8109 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8110 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8114 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8115 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
8119 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8120 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8124 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8128 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8129 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8130 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8131 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
8132 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
8133 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8134 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8135 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8136 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8137 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8138 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8139 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8140 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8141 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8142 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8143 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8144 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8145 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8146 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8147 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8148 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8149 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8150 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8155 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8159 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8160 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8161 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8162 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8163 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8164 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8168 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8169 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8170 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8174 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8175 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8179 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8180 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8181 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8182 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8186 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8187 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8191 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8196 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8197 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8198 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8199 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8203 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8207 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8208 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm>
8212 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8213 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8214 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8215 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8216 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8217 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8218 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8219 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8220 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8221 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8222 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8223 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8224 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8225 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8229 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
8230 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8234 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8235 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8236 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8237 C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>,
8238 C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>,
8239 C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>,
8240 C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>,
8241 C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>,
8242 C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8246 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8247 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8248 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8252 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8256 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
8268 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
8278 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8290 =item Global Variables
8292 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8293 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8298 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8299 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8301 =item Client Callback Methods
8303 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8304 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8305 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8315 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8323 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8327 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8329 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8331 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8333 =item Default Parameters
8335 =item In Memory Databases
8343 =item A Simple Example
8351 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8353 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8355 =item The get_dup() Method
8357 =item The find_dup() Method
8359 =item The del_dup() Method
8361 =item Matching Partial Keys
8369 =item The 'bval' Option
8371 =item A Simple Example
8373 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8375 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8376 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
8378 =item Another Example
8382 =item THE API INTERFACE
8384 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8385 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8386 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
8387 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
8391 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
8392 B<filter_fetch_value>
8398 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
8400 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
8404 =item HINTS AND TIPS
8408 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
8410 =item Safe ways to lock a database
8412 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
8414 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
8416 =item The untie() Gotcha
8420 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
8424 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
8426 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
8428 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
8430 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
8450 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
8451 printing and C<eval>
8463 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
8464 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
8465 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
8472 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
8474 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8475 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8476 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8477 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8478 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8479 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8480 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8481 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8482 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8483 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8484 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8485 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
8505 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
8513 =item PROFILE FORMAT
8525 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
8535 =item Memory footprint debugging
8543 =item A simple scalar string
8545 =item A simple scalar number
8547 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
8549 =item A reference to a simple scalar
8551 =item A reference to an array
8553 =item A reference to a hash
8555 =item Dumping a large array or hash
8557 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
8559 =item A reference to a subroutine
8573 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
8583 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
8591 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
8595 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
8596 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
8597 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
8605 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
8615 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
8619 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
8620 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
8632 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
8642 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
8654 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
8655 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
8656 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
8661 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
8662 veryCompact, set, get
8668 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
8676 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
8677 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
8678 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
8679 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
8686 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
8699 =head2 Encode - character encodings
8717 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
8719 =item Types of Encodings
8721 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
8722 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
8724 =item Specifying Encodings
8726 1. By name, 2. As an object
8728 =item Encoding Names
8730 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
8731 The name used by the the organization that defined it
8735 =item PERL ENCODING API
8739 =item Generic Encoding Interface
8741 =item Handling Malformed Data
8743 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
8747 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
8749 =item Listing available encodings
8751 =item Defining Aliases
8753 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
8756 =item Defining Encodings
8760 =item Encoding and IO
8762 =item Encoding How to ...
8764 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
8765 strings in binary data, perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
8767 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
8769 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
8771 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
8773 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
8774 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
8778 =item Compiled Encodings
8780 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
8781 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
8789 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
8790 of the Encode extension
8796 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8804 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
8806 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
8812 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8820 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
8833 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
8848 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
8864 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
8876 =item Selecting What To Export
8878 =item Specialised Import Lists
8880 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
8882 =item Module Version Checking
8884 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
8886 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
8892 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
8902 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
8923 mv source... destination
8925 cp source... destination
8943 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
8955 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
8956 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
8966 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
8976 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
8988 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
8989 packlist(), version()
8997 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
9005 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
9011 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
9021 =item VMS implementation
9023 =item Win32 implementation
9031 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9040 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9044 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9059 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9071 =item Preloaded methods
9091 =item SelfLoaded methods
9137 file_name_is_absolute
9143 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9183 maybe_command_in_dirs
9221 replace_manpage_separator
9235 test_via_harness (o)
9267 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9278 =item Methods always loaded
9290 =item SelfLoaded methods
9292 guess_name (override)
9296 find_perl (override)
9300 maybe_command (override)
9302 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
9304 perl_script (override)
9306 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9308 replace_manpage_separator
9310 init_others (override)
9312 constants (override)
9316 const_cccmd (override)
9318 pm_to_blib (override)
9320 tool_autosplit (override)
9322 tool_sxubpp (override)
9324 xsubpp_version (override)
9326 tools_other (override)
9336 top_targets (override)
9340 dynamic_lib (override)
9342 dynamic_bs (override)
9344 static_lib (override)
9346 manifypods (override)
9348 processPL (override)
9350 installbin (override)
9356 realclean (override)
9358 dist_basics (override)
9360 dist_core (override)
9364 dist_test (override)
9368 perldepend (override)
9374 test_via_harness (override)
9376 test_via_script (override)
9378 makeaperl (override)
9382 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9409 test_via_harness (o)
9411 tool_autosplit (override)
9429 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
9439 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
9441 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
9449 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
9453 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
9455 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
9457 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
9459 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
9461 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
9462 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
9463 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
9464 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
9465 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
9466 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
9467 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
9468 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
9469 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
9470 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
9471 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
9472 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
9473 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
9474 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
9475 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
9477 =item Additional lowercase attributes
9479 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
9482 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
9484 =item Hintsfile support
9486 =item Distribution Support
9488 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
9489 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
9490 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
9492 =item Disabling an extension
9506 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
9518 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
9522 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
9523 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
9527 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
9535 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
9547 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
9557 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
9566 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
9574 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
9586 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
9594 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
9604 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
9616 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
9626 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
9630 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
9638 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
9642 C<basename>, C<dirname>
9646 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
9656 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
9670 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
9680 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
9682 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
9692 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
9700 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
9712 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
9720 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
9721 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>,
9722 C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
9728 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
9736 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>, C<GLOB_NOSORT>,
9737 C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>, C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>,
9742 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
9750 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
9762 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
9776 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
9810 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
9828 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
9856 file_name_is_absolute
9876 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
9886 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
9918 file_name_is_absolute
9940 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
9956 =item Methods always loaded
9958 canonpath (override)
9976 case_tolerant (override)
9980 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9982 splitpath (override)
9998 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
10028 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10052 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10066 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10076 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10084 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10092 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10094 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10106 =item Temporary files and NFS
10118 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10132 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10144 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10152 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10158 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10182 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10192 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10196 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10198 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10206 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10208 =item Example 2: Using the context
10210 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10212 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10216 =item Filter::Simple
10224 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
10232 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
10242 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
10258 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
10266 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
10268 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
10272 =item Simple options
10274 =item A little bit less simple options
10276 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
10278 =item Options with values
10280 =item Options with multiple values
10282 =item Options with hash values
10284 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
10286 =item Options with multiple names
10288 =item Case and abbreviations
10290 =item Summary of Option Specifications
10292 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
10296 =item Advanced Possibilities
10300 =item Object oriented interface
10302 =item Documentation and help texts
10304 =item Storing options in a hash
10308 =item The lonesome dash
10310 =item Argument call-back
10314 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
10316 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
10317 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
10318 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
10319 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
10320 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
10322 =item Return values and Errors
10328 =item Default destinations
10330 =item Alternative option starters
10332 =item Configuration variables
10336 =item Trouble Shooting
10340 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
10342 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
10349 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
10353 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
10364 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
10375 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
10385 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
10393 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10394 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10404 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10414 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10418 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10426 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
10436 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10440 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10441 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10442 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10443 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10455 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10465 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10469 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10479 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10489 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10490 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10500 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
10508 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10509 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10518 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
10528 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10532 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10533 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10534 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10544 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
10558 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
10559 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
10569 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
10585 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10598 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
10612 hostpath(), peerpath()
10622 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
10631 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10632 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10642 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10652 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10656 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10664 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
10675 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10679 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10680 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10681 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10682 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10694 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10704 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10708 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10718 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10728 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10729 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10739 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
10748 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10749 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10758 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
10769 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10773 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10774 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10775 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10785 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
10800 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
10801 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
10811 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
10812 AF_INET domain sockets
10828 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10841 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
10842 AF_UNIX domain sockets
10856 hostpath(), peerpath()
10866 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10876 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10877 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10888 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
10902 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
10915 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
10925 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10926 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10927 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10938 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
10956 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10966 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10967 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10978 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
10989 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10990 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10991 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11002 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
11010 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11014 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
11022 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
11034 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
11040 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11042 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
11043 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
11049 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11051 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
11057 =item CODE ALIASING
11067 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11071 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
11072 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
11073 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
11074 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
11082 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
11083 identification (ISO 4217)
11101 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11103 code2currency(), currency2code()
11109 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11111 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
11119 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11123 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
11131 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
11148 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11150 code2language(), language2code()
11156 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11158 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
11166 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11170 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
11171 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
11179 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
11187 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
11191 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
11199 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
11200 of quoted-printable strings
11208 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
11214 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
11223 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
11229 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
11237 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
11246 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
11254 Canonical notation, Input, Output
11258 =item Autocreating constants
11266 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
11279 =item STRINGIFICATION
11283 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
11289 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
11291 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
11299 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
11307 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
11313 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
11315 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
11319 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11321 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
11325 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
11327 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11329 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
11330 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
11334 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
11340 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
11350 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
11358 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11364 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11368 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11372 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
11384 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
11385 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
11393 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
11410 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
11427 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
11442 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
11459 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
11469 =item IMPLEMENTATION
11475 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
11483 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11489 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11493 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11497 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
11509 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
11511 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
11512 or optag, an operator set (opset)
11514 =item Opcode Functions
11516 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
11517 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
11518 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
11521 =item Manipulating Opsets
11523 =item TO DO (maybe)
11529 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
11531 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
11532 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
11533 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
11542 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
11551 a new namespace, an operator mask
11557 =item RECENT CHANGES
11559 =item Methods in class Safe
11561 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
11562 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
11563 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
11564 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
11566 =item Some Safety Issues
11568 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
11576 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
11589 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
11603 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
11604 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
11605 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
11606 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
11607 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
11608 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
11609 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
11610 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
11611 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
11612 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
11613 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
11614 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
11615 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
11616 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
11617 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
11618 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
11619 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
11620 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
11621 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
11622 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
11623 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
11624 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
11625 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
11626 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
11627 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
11634 =item POSIX::SigAction
11638 =item POSIX::SigSet
11640 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
11642 =item POSIX::Termios
11644 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
11645 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
11646 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
11647 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
11648 values, c_oflag field values
11652 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
11656 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
11660 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
11718 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
11727 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
11731 =item Defaults and how to override them
11741 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
11751 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
11759 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
11760 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
11761 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
11762 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
11763 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
11764 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
11765 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
11769 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
11775 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
11781 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
11793 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
11794 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
11795 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
11796 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
11797 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
11798 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
11799 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
11800 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
11805 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
11806 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
11807 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
11808 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
11809 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
11810 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
11814 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
11815 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
11827 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
11829 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
11832 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
11834 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
11836 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
11838 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
11840 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
11848 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
11860 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
11862 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
11869 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
11875 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
11877 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
11884 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
11896 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
11906 backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile,
11907 libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title,
11922 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
11935 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
11936 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
11942 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
11966 =item B<was_cutting()>
11972 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
11978 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
11984 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11990 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
11996 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12002 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
12008 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
12014 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
12020 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
12026 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
12032 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
12038 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
12044 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
12050 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
12056 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
12062 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12068 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
12074 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
12080 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
12086 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
12092 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
12098 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
12104 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
12110 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
12116 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
12122 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
12128 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
12134 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12140 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
12152 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
12164 =item OBJECT METHODS
12172 =item Data Accessors
12188 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
12190 B<StartWithNewPage>
12204 =item Subclassed methods
12218 B<interior_sequence>
12234 =item Methods for headings
12242 =item Internal methods
12248 B<_replace_special_chars>
12254 B<_clean_latex_commands>
12270 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
12278 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
12283 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
12284 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
12285 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
12286 line %d, Unmatched =back
12296 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
12310 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
12318 $list-E<gt>indent()
12326 $list-E<gt>parent()
12332 =item Pod::Hyperlink
12334 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
12338 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
12340 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
12344 $link-E<gt>warning()
12346 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
12352 $link-E<gt>alttext()
12362 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
12368 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
12372 =item Pod::Cache::Item
12374 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
12378 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
12380 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
12382 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
12384 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
12386 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
12388 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
12390 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
12400 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
12412 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12414 =item PARSING OPTIONS
12416 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
12417 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
12423 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12431 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12437 =item B<verbatim()>
12439 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12445 =item B<textblock()>
12447 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12453 =item B<interior_sequence()>
12459 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12471 =item B<initialize()>
12477 =item B<begin_pod()>
12483 =item B<begin_input()>
12489 =item B<end_input()>
12501 =item B<preprocess_line()>
12507 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
12513 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
12519 =item B<parse_text()>
12521 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
12522 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
12523 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
12529 =item B<interpolate()>
12535 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
12541 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
12547 =item B<parse_from_file()>
12553 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
12559 =item B<errorsub()>
12571 =item B<parseopts()>
12577 =item B<output_file()>
12583 =item B<output_handle()>
12589 =item B<input_file()>
12595 =item B<input_handle()>
12601 =item B<input_streams()>
12607 =item B<top_stream()>
12613 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12619 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
12625 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
12631 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
12639 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
12659 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
12672 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
12674 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
12680 =item OBJECT METHODS
12686 =item B<curr_headings()>
12698 =item B<add_selection()>
12704 =item B<clear_selections()>
12710 =item B<match_section()>
12716 =item B<is_selected()>
12722 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
12728 =item B<podselect()>
12730 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
12736 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12742 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
12748 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
12754 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
12766 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
12774 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
12778 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
12779 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
12780 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
12792 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
12808 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
12825 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
12826 text with format escapes
12840 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
12849 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
12858 =item Recommended Use
12866 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
12870 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
12878 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12884 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12888 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12892 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
12900 a new namespace, an operator mask
12906 =item RECENT CHANGES
12908 =item Methods in class Safe
12910 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
12911 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
12912 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
12913 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
12915 =item Some Safety Issues
12917 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
12925 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
12935 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
12945 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
12955 =item The __DATA__ token
12957 =item SelfLoader autoloading
12959 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
12961 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
12963 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
12965 =item Classes and inherited methods.
12969 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
12973 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
12983 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
12991 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
12992 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
13000 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
13001 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
13002 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
13003 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
13004 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
13008 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
13018 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
13022 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
13024 =item ERROR REPORTING
13032 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
13037 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
13038 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
13062 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
13076 =item Allowing fall-through
13078 =item Automating fall-through
13080 =item Higher-order Operations
13094 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
13104 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
13116 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
13117 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
13125 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
13126 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
13137 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
13138 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
13146 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
13147 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
13158 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
13168 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
13169 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
13180 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
13192 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
13200 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
13210 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
13211 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
13219 =item Minimal set of supported functions
13221 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
13222 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
13224 =item Additional supported functions
13226 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
13236 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
13246 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
13258 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
13268 =item The test script output
13270 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
13271 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
13272 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>
13280 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
13281 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
13282 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
13283 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
13287 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
13288 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
13299 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
13311 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
13321 =item General behaviour in list contexts
13325 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
13327 =item A note about prefixes
13329 =item C<extract_delimited>
13331 =item C<extract_bracketed>
13333 =item C<extract_tagged>
13335 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
13336 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
13338 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
13340 =item C<extract_quotelike>
13342 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
13344 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
13346 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
13348 =item C<extract_codeblock>
13350 =item C<extract_multiple>
13352 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
13358 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
13359 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
13360 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
13361 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
13362 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
13363 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
13364 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
13365 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
13366 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
13367 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
13368 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
13369 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
13374 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
13380 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
13395 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
13412 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
13427 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
13441 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
13452 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
13453 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
13454 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
13458 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
13466 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
13474 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
13476 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
13482 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
13490 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
13492 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
13496 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
13508 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
13518 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
13526 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
13527 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
13528 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
13529 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
13537 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
13546 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
13547 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
13548 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
13549 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
13551 =item MORE INFORMATION
13553 =item COMPATIBILITY
13557 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
13565 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
13566 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
13570 =item MORE INFORMATION
13574 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
13592 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
13601 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
13603 =item MORE INFORMATION
13607 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
13619 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
13627 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13633 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
13648 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
13663 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
13675 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
13683 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
13684 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
13688 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
13703 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
13714 =item System Specifics
13728 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
13736 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
13738 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
13739 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
13740 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
13741 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
13742 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
13743 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
13744 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
13745 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
13746 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
13747 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
13748 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
13749 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
13750 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
13751 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
13752 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
13753 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
13759 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
13777 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
13789 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
13791 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
13792 don't all have manual pages yet:
13818 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles