4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
365 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
366 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
367 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
368 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
369 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
370 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
371 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
372 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
373 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
374 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
375 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
376 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
377 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
378 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
379 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
380 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
381 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
382 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
383 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
384 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
385 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
386 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
387 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
388 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
389 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
390 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
391 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
392 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
393 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
394 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
395 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
396 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
397 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
398 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
399 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
400 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
401 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
402 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
403 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
409 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
415 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
423 =item Making References
425 =item Using References
443 =item Distribution Conditions
449 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
455 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
456 more elaborate constructs
460 =item COMMON MISTAKES
462 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
464 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
470 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
474 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
476 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
478 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
482 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
486 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
488 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
490 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
494 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
498 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
500 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
502 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
506 =item HASHES OF HASHES
510 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
512 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
514 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
518 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
522 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
524 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
526 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
538 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
548 =item Simple word matching
550 =item Using character classes
552 =item Matching this or that
554 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
556 =item Extracting matches
558 =item Matching repetitions
562 =item Search and replace
564 =item The split operator
572 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
576 =item Acknowledgments
582 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
590 =item Verbatim Paragraph
592 =item Command Paragraph
594 =item Ordinary Block of Text
598 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
600 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
610 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
618 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
636 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
638 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
639 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
640 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
641 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
643 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
645 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
646 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
647 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
651 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
653 =item Numerical Traps
655 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
657 =item General data type traps
659 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
660 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
662 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
664 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
666 =item Precedence Traps
668 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
671 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
673 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
674 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
677 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
679 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
685 =item Interpolation Traps
687 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
694 =item Unclassified Traps
696 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
703 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
713 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
715 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
717 =item Location of Perl
719 =item Command Switches
721 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
722 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
723 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
724 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
725 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
726 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
733 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
734 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
735 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
739 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
747 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
755 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
757 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
759 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
763 =item Backward Compatibility
765 =item Category Hierarchy
769 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
781 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
789 =item Looking at data and -w and w
793 =item Stepping through code
795 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
797 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
815 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
821 =item The Perl Debugger
825 =item Debugger Commands
827 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
828 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
829 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
830 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
831 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
832 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
833 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
834 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
835 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
837 =item Configurable Options
839 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
840 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
841 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
842 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
843 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
844 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
846 =item Debugger input/output
848 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
851 =item Debugging compile-time statements
853 =item Debugger Customization
855 =item Readline Support
857 =item Editor Support for Debugging
859 =item The Perl Profiler
863 =item Debugging regular expressions
865 =item Debugging memory usage
873 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
881 =item Predefined Names
883 $ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
884 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
885 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
886 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
887 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
888 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
890 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
891 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
892 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
894 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
895 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
896 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
897 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
898 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
899 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
900 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
901 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
902 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
903 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
904 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
905 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
906 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
907 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
908 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
909 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
910 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
911 %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
913 =item Error Indicators
915 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
923 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
931 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
933 =item Growing Your Own
935 =item Access and Printing
947 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
953 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
963 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
969 =item Open E<agrave> la C
973 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
977 =item Obscure Open Tricks
981 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
983 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
987 =item Single Argument Open
989 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
993 =item Other I/O Issues
997 =item Opening Non-File Files
1007 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1013 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1019 =item Part 1: The basics
1023 =item Simple word matching
1025 =item Using character classes
1027 =item Matching this or that
1029 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1031 =item Extracting matches
1033 =item Matching repetitions
1035 =item Building a regexp
1037 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1041 =item Part 2: Power tools
1045 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1047 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1049 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1051 =item Non-capturing groupings
1053 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1055 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1057 =item Conditional expressions
1059 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1061 =item Pragmas and debugging
1069 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1073 =item Acknowledgments
1079 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1089 =item Regular Expressions
1091 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1093 =item Extended Patterns
1095 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1096 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1097 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1098 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1102 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1104 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1106 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1108 =item Combining pieces together
1110 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1111 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1112 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1113 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1115 =item Creating custom RE engines
1125 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1135 =item Making References
1137 =item Using References
1139 =item Symbolic references
1141 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1143 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1145 =item Function Templates
1155 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1163 =item Format Variables
1173 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1181 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1189 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1191 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1193 =item Invoking a barnyard
1195 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1197 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1199 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1201 =item A few notes about @ISA
1203 =item Overriding the methods
1205 =item Starting the search from a different place
1207 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1209 =item Where we're at so far...
1211 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1213 =item Invoking an instance method
1215 =item Accessing the instance data
1217 =item How to build a horse
1219 =item Inheriting the constructor
1221 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1223 =item Adding parameters to a method
1225 =item More interesting instances
1227 =item A horse of a different color
1239 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1245 =item Creating a Class
1249 =item Object Representation
1251 =item Class Interface
1253 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1255 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1259 =item Other Object Methods
1267 =item Accessing Class Data
1269 =item Debugging Methods
1271 =item Class Destructors
1273 =item Documenting the Interface
1283 =item Overridden Methods
1285 =item Multiple Inheritance
1287 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1291 =item Alternate Object Representations
1295 =item Arrays as Objects
1297 =item Closures as Objects
1301 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1305 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1307 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1311 =item Metaclassical Tools
1317 =item Data Members as Variables
1325 =item Object Terminology
1331 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1337 =item Acknowledgments
1343 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1349 =item Class Data in a Can
1351 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1355 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1357 =item Inheritance Concerns
1359 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1361 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1363 =item Monadic Classes
1365 =item Translucent Attributes
1369 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1373 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1375 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1377 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1379 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1381 =item Translucency Revisited
1389 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1391 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1397 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1405 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1407 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1409 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1411 =item Method Invocation
1415 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1417 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1423 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1431 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1437 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1439 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1441 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1443 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1445 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1447 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1449 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1451 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1453 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1455 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1461 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1473 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1478 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1479 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1480 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1481 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1486 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1487 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1488 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1490 =item Tying FileHandles
1492 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1493 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1498 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1510 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1511 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1527 =item Using open() for IPC
1533 =item Background Processes
1535 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1537 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1539 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1541 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1545 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1549 =item Internet Line Terminators
1551 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1553 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1557 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1561 =item A Simple Client
1563 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1565 =item A Webget Client
1567 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1571 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1573 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1575 =item UDP: Message Passing
1589 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1599 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1601 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1602 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1603 files, directories and network sockets
1605 =item Resource limits
1607 =item Killing the parent process
1609 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1611 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1613 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1614 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1615 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1627 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1635 =item Storing numbers
1637 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1639 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1641 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1642 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1643 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1652 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1658 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1660 =item Threaded Program Models
1672 =item Native threads
1674 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1676 =item Threadsafe Modules
1682 =item Basic Thread Support
1684 =item Creating Threads
1686 =item Giving up control
1688 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1690 =item Errors In Threads
1692 =item Ignoring A Thread
1696 =item Threads And Data
1700 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1702 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1704 =item Controlling access: lock()
1706 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1708 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1712 =item Threads And Code
1716 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1718 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1720 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1722 =item Subroutine Locks
1726 =item Locking A Subroutine
1730 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1734 =item What Thread Am I In?
1738 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1740 =item What Threads Are Running?
1744 =item A Complete Example
1752 =item Introductory Texts
1754 =item OS-Related References
1756 =item Other References
1760 =item Acknowledgements
1768 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1774 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1783 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1785 =item Files and Filesystems
1787 =item System Interaction
1789 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1791 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1793 =item Standard Modules
1797 =item Character sets and character encoding
1799 =item Internationalisation
1801 =item System Resources
1811 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1812 http://testers.cpan.org/
1820 =item DOS and Derivatives
1828 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1836 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1840 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1842 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1843 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1844 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1845 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1846 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1847 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1848 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1849 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1850 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1851 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1852 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1853 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1854 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1855 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1856 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1857 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1858 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1859 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1860 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1861 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1862 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1863 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1864 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1865 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1866 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1872 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1873 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1874 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1875 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1876 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1877 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1879 =item Supported Platforms
1883 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1889 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1896 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1902 =item The use locale pragma
1904 =item The setlocale function
1906 =item Finding locales
1908 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1910 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1912 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1914 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1916 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1918 =item The localeconv function
1922 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1926 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1928 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1930 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1932 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1936 =item Other categories
1944 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1945 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1951 =item Backward compatibility
1953 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1955 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1957 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1959 =item Freely available locale definitions
1963 =item An imperfect standard
1971 =item Broken systems
1981 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1989 =item Important Caveats
1991 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1992 to enable a few features
1994 =item Byte and Character semantics
1996 =item Effects of character semantics
1998 =item Character encodings for input and output
2008 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2014 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2022 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2026 =item 13 variant characters
2036 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2038 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4
2040 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2054 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2056 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2058 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2060 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2068 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2070 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2072 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2074 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2078 =item TRANFORMATION FORMATS
2082 =item URL decoding and encoding
2084 =item uu encoding and decoding
2086 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2088 =item Caesarian cyphers
2092 =item Hashing order and checksums
2096 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2108 chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales
2126 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2134 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2136 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2138 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2142 =item Protecting Your Programs
2150 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2162 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2174 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2180 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2184 =item Pragmatic Modules
2186 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2187 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2188 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, unicode::distinct, utf8, vars, warnings,
2191 =item Standard Modules
2193 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2194 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse,
2195 B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse,
2196 B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie,
2197 CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN,
2198 CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct,
2199 Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode,
2200 Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2201 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed,
2202 ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2203 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2204 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
2205 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
2206 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob,
2207 File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc,
2208 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2209 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2210 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
2211 I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants,
2212 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Math::BigFloat,
2213 Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping,
2214 Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File,
2215 Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html,
2216 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
2217 Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2218 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
2219 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2220 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2221 Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2222 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2223 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
2224 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2226 =item Extension Modules
2238 =item Central America
2250 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2254 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2256 Adding a Copyright Notice
2258 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2260 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2268 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2278 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2279 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2293 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2303 =item What should I make into a module?
2305 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2307 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2309 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2311 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2312 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2313 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2315 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2317 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2318 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2328 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2329 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2339 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2341 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2343 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2345 =item What is perl6?
2347 =item How stable is Perl?
2349 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2351 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2354 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2356 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2358 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2360 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2362 =item What is a JAPH?
2364 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2366 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2367 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2371 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2375 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2376 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2384 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2386 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2388 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2390 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2393 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2394 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2396 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2397 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2399 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2401 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2403 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2405 =item Where should I post source code?
2409 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2411 =item Perl in Magazines
2413 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2415 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2417 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2419 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2421 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2423 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2427 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2431 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2440 =item How do I do (anything)?
2442 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2444 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2446 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2448 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2450 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2452 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2454 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2456 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2458 CodeMagicCD, Komodo, The Object System, PerlBuilder, Perl code magic,
2459 visiPerl+, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2460 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2462 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2464 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2466 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2468 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2470 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2472 =item What is undump?
2474 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2476 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2478 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2480 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2482 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2484 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2486 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2488 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2490 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2492 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2494 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2496 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2498 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2500 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2502 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2503 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2505 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2508 =item What's MakeMaker?
2512 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2516 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2527 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2528 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2530 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2532 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2535 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2537 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2539 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2541 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2543 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2545 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2553 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2555 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2557 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2559 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2561 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2563 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2565 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2573 =item How do I validate input?
2575 =item How do I unescape a string?
2577 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2579 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2581 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2583 =item How do I reverse a string?
2585 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2587 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2589 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2591 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2593 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2596 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2598 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2599 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2601 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2603 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2605 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2607 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2609 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2611 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2613 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2615 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2616 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2625 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2627 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2629 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2633 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2635 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2636 intersection of two arrays?
2638 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2640 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2642 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2644 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2646 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2648 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2650 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2652 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2654 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2656 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2658 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2662 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2666 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2668 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2671 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2673 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2675 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2677 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2679 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2681 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2683 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2685 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2687 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2689 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2691 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2694 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2695 array of hashes or arrays?
2697 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2705 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2707 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2709 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2711 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2713 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2715 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2717 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2721 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2725 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2734 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2736 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2737 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2739 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2741 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2743 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2745 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2746 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2748 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2750 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2752 =item How can I write() into a string?
2754 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2756 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2758 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2760 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2762 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2764 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2766 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2768 =item How can I lock a file?
2770 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2772 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2773 the file. How can I do this?
2775 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2777 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2779 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2781 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2783 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2785 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2787 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2789 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2791 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2793 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2795 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2797 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2798 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2800 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2802 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2803 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2805 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2807 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2811 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2815 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2823 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2824 and unmaintainable code?
2826 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2828 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2830 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2833 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2835 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2838 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2840 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2842 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2844 =item What is C</o> really for?
2846 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2849 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2851 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2853 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2855 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2857 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2859 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2861 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2863 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2865 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2867 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2869 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2871 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2873 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2877 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2881 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2882 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2890 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2892 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2895 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2898 =item How do I skip some return values?
2900 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2902 =item What's an extension?
2904 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2906 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2908 =item How do I create a module?
2910 =item How do I create a class?
2912 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2914 =item What's a closure?
2916 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2918 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2921 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2924 =item How do I create a static variable?
2926 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2927 Between local() and my()?
2929 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2932 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2934 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2936 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2938 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2940 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2942 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2944 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2946 =item How can I find out my current package?
2948 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2950 =item How do I clear a package?
2952 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2956 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2960 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2969 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2971 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2973 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
2975 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
2977 =item How do I print something out in color?
2979 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
2981 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
2983 =item How do I clear the screen?
2985 =item How do I get the screen size?
2987 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
2989 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
2991 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
2993 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
2995 =item How do I start a process in the background?
2997 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
2999 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3001 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3003 =item How do I set the time and date?
3005 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3007 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3009 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3011 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3012 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3014 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3016 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3018 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3020 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3022 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3024 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3026 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3028 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3030 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3032 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3035 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3037 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3039 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3041 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3044 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3045 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3046 changes to be visible?
3050 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3053 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3055 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3057 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3059 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3061 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3063 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3065 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3067 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3069 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3071 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3073 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3075 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3078 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3080 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3084 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3088 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3097 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3100 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3102 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3104 =item How do I extract URLs?
3106 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3107 file on another machine?
3109 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3111 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3113 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3115 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3117 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3119 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3121 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3123 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3124 CGI script to do bad things?
3126 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3128 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3130 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3132 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3134 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3136 =item How do I send mail?
3138 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3140 =item How do I read mail?
3142 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3144 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3146 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3148 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3152 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3156 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3166 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3170 =item Using The Back Ends
3174 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3178 =item The Decompiling Back End
3180 =item The Lint Back End
3182 =item The Simple C Back End
3184 =item The Bytecode Back End
3186 =item The Optimized C Back End
3188 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3189 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3190 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3194 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3200 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3210 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3211 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3215 =item Compiling your C program
3217 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3219 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3221 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3223 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3225 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3227 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3229 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3231 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3236 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3246 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3252 =item Debugger Internals
3256 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3260 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3262 =item Debugging regular expressions
3266 =item Compile-time output
3268 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3269 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3270 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3273 =item Types of nodes
3275 =item Run-time output
3279 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3283 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3285 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3286 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3289 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3291 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3293 =item B<-DL> details
3297 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3305 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3317 =item Version caveat
3319 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3331 =item What has gone on?
3333 =item Writing good test scripts
3337 =item What's new here?
3339 =item Input and Output Parameters
3341 =item The XSUBPP Program
3343 =item The TYPEMAP file
3345 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3349 =item What has happened here?
3351 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3353 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3355 =item More about XSUB arguments
3357 =item The Argument Stack
3359 =item Extending your Extension
3361 =item Documenting your Extension
3363 =item Installing your Extension
3367 =item New Things in this Example
3371 =item New Things in this Example
3373 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3375 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3377 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3379 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3395 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3407 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3409 =item The Argument Stack
3411 =item The RETVAL Variable
3413 =item The MODULE Keyword
3415 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3417 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3419 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3421 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3423 =item The CODE: Keyword
3425 =item The INIT: Keyword
3427 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3429 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3431 =item Default Parameter Values
3433 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3435 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3437 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3439 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3441 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3443 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3445 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3447 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3449 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3451 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3453 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3455 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3457 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3459 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3461 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3463 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3465 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3467 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3469 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3471 =item The CASE: Keyword
3473 =item The & Unary Operator
3475 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3477 =item Using XS With C++
3479 =item Interface Strategy
3481 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3495 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3505 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3507 =item File Operations
3509 =item File Input and Output
3511 =item File Positioning
3513 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3515 =item Character Class Tests
3517 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3519 =item Miscellaneous functions
3527 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3539 =item What is an "IV"?
3541 =item Working with SVs
3545 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3547 =item Working with AVs
3549 =item Working with HVs
3551 =item Hash API Extensions
3555 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3557 =item Creating New Variables
3559 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3561 =item Stashes and Globs
3563 =item Double-Typed SVs
3565 =item Magic Variables
3567 =item Assigning Magic
3569 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3573 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3575 =item Localizing changes
3577 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3578 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3579 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3580 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3581 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3582 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3583 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3584 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3585 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3586 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3594 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3596 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3598 =item Memory Allocation
3602 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3606 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3616 =item Examining the tree
3618 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3620 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3622 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3624 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3628 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3630 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3634 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3636 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3638 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3640 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3642 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3646 =item Internal Functions
3648 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3652 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3654 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3656 =item Source Documentation
3660 =item Unicode Support
3664 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3666 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3668 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3670 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3672 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3674 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3684 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3690 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3692 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3694 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3714 =item Determining the Context
3718 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3724 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3726 =item Passing Parameters
3728 =item Returning a Scalar
3730 =item Returning a list of values
3732 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3734 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3738 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3742 =item Using call_argv
3744 =item Using call_method
3748 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3750 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3752 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3753 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3756 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3758 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3770 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3780 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3781 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3782 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3783 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3787 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3791 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3792 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3800 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3810 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3812 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3814 B<Decryption Filters>
3816 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3818 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3820 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3832 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3840 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3841 B<filter_fetch_value>
3847 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3849 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3859 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3865 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3866 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3867 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv,
3868 CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS,
3869 dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS,
3870 get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
3871 gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY,
3872 G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
3873 HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear,
3874 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3875 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3876 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3877 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
3878 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
3879 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
3880 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
3881 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
3882 newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK,
3883 perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
3884 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn,
3885 POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
3886 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
3887 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
3888 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
3889 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
3890 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
3891 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
3892 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
3893 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
3894 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
3895 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV,
3896 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
3897 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
3898 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
3899 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec,
3900 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
3901 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy,
3902 sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
3903 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3904 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3905 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3906 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
3907 sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
3908 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
3909 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER,
3910 utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length,
3911 utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8,
3912 warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY,
3913 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
3914 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES,
3915 XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3923 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3930 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3931 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, start_glob
3939 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3949 =item History and Background
3951 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3953 =item Data Structures
3955 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
3956 data for a particular handle
3958 =item Functions and Attributes
3960 =item Per-instance Data
3962 =item Layers in action.
3964 =item Per-instance flag bits
3966 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
3967 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
3968 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
3969 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
3971 =item Methods in Detail
3973 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
3974 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
3975 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
3976 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
3977 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
3978 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
3979 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3980 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3981 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3982 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
3983 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
3984 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
3985 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
3986 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
3990 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
3992 =item Extension Layers
3994 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4000 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4008 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4009 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4010 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4011 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4012 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4013 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4014 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4015 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4016 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4017 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4018 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4022 =item Co-existence with stdio
4024 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4025 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4027 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4029 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4030 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4031 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4032 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4034 =item Other Functions
4036 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4037 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4043 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4049 =item Infrastructure
4053 =item Mailing list archives
4055 =item Bug tracking system
4057 =item Regression Tests
4059 Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to
4080 Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs
4084 =item Perl Internals
4090 =item Garbage Collection
4092 =item Reliable signals
4094 Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed
4095 sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN
4097 =item Interpolated regex performance bugs
4099 =item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
4101 =item Make XS easier to use
4103 =item Make embedded Perl easier to use
4105 =item Namespace cleanup
4117 =item A clear division into tutorial and reference
4119 =item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions
4121 =item More tutorials
4123 Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging
4125 =item Include a search tool
4127 =item Include a locate tool
4129 =item Separate function manpages by default
4131 =item Users can't find the manpages
4133 =item Install ALL Documentation
4135 =item Outstanding issues to be documented
4137 =item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
4139 =item Replace man with a perl program
4141 =item Unicode tutorial
4149 =item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2
4151 =item Module versions
4159 VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice
4161 =item Procedural options
4165 =item y2k localtime/gmtime
4167 =item Export File::Find variables
4171 =item Debugger attach/detach
4173 =item Regular Expression debugger
4175 =item Alternative RE Syntax
4177 =item Bundled modules
4183 =item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
4199 =item POSIX on non-POSIX
4201 =item Portable installations
4209 =item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
4211 =item Sort out the spawnvp() mess
4213 =item Work out DLL versioning
4219 =item Would be nice to have
4221 C<pack "(stuff)*">, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled
4222 perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format
4223 BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input
4224 should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun
4225 debugger, lvalue functions
4227 =item Possible pragmas
4239 =item constant function cache
4241 =item foreach(reverse...)
4243 =item Cache eval tree
4247 =item Shrink opcode tables
4249 =item Cache hash value
4251 =item Optimize away @_ where possible
4253 =item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
4255 =item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization
4259 =item Vague possibilities
4261 ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?,
4262 Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real
4263 threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al
4265 =item To Do Or Not To Do
4269 =item Making my() work on "package" variables
4271 =item "or" testing defined not truth
4273 =item "dynamic" lexicals
4275 =item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals"
4291 =item External threads
4297 =item Per-thread GVs
4309 =item Precompiled modules
4313 =item Typed lexicals
4323 =item Cached compilation
4327 =item Recently Finished Tasks
4331 =item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
4337 =item Namespace cleanup
4349 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4355 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4356 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4357 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4358 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4359 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4360 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4361 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4365 =item Keeping in sync
4367 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4368 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4369 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4370 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4372 =item Submitting patches
4374 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4375 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4377 =item Finding Your Way Around
4379 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4381 =item Elements of the interpreter
4383 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4385 =item Internal Variable Types
4391 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4393 =item Millions of Macros
4395 =item Poking at Perl
4397 =item Using a source-level debugger
4399 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4400 finish, 'enter', print
4402 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4408 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4412 =item Rational Software's Purify
4414 =item Purify on Unix
4416 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4420 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4422 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4424 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4426 =item Pixie Profiling
4428 -h, -l, -p, -h, -i, -l, -testcoverage, -zero
4432 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4440 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4448 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4460 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4462 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4466 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4470 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4476 =item Reporting Bugs
4484 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4490 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4492 =item Incompatible Changes
4494 =item Core Enhancements
4496 The printf() and sprintf() now support parameter reordering using the
4497 C<%\d+\$> and C<*\d+\$> syntaxes. For example
4501 =item Modules and Pragmata
4505 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4509 =item Performance Enhancements
4511 =item Utility Changes
4513 =item New Documentation
4529 =item README.solaris
4533 =item Porting/repository.pod
4537 =item Performance Enhancements
4539 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4543 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4545 =item Generic Improvements
4549 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4553 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4557 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4559 =item Changed Internals
4561 =item Known Problems
4567 =item Localizing a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4569 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4571 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4573 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4577 =item Reporting Bugs
4585 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4591 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4593 =item Incompatible Changes
4595 =item Core Enhancements
4597 =item Modules and Pragmata
4603 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4607 =item Utility Changes
4609 =item New Documentation
4611 =item Performance Enhancements
4613 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4617 =item Generic Improvements
4621 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4625 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4629 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4631 =item Changed Internals
4633 =item Known Problems
4637 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4639 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4641 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4643 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4645 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4647 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4649 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4651 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4653 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4655 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4659 =item Reporting Bugs
4667 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4673 =item Core Enhancements
4677 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4679 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4681 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4683 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4685 =item "our" declarations
4687 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4689 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4691 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4693 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4695 =item open() with more than two arguments
4697 =item 64-bit support
4699 =item Large file support
4705 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4707 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4709 =item File globbing implemented internally
4711 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4713 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4715 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4717 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4719 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4721 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4723 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4725 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4727 =item Comments in pack() templates
4729 =item Weak references
4731 =item Binary numbers supported
4733 =item Lvalue subroutines
4735 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4737 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4739 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4741 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4743 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4745 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4747 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4749 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4751 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4753 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4755 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4757 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4759 =item Improved diagnostics
4761 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4763 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4765 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4767 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4769 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4771 =item Improved security features
4773 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4775 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4777 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4779 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4781 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4783 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4785 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
4789 =item Modules and Pragmata
4795 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
4796 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
4797 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
4798 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
4799 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
4800 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
4801 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
4802 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
4808 =item Utility Changes
4822 =item The Perl Debugger
4826 =item Improved Documentation
4828 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
4829 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
4830 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
4831 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
4833 =item Performance enhancements
4837 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
4839 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
4841 =item Faster subroutine calls
4843 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
4847 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4851 =item -Dusethreads means something different
4853 =item New Configure flags
4855 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
4861 =item -Duselargefiles
4863 =item installusrbinperl
4869 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
4873 =item Platform specific changes
4877 =item Supported platforms
4881 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
4889 =item Significant bug fixes
4893 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
4895 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
4897 =item All compilation errors are true errors
4899 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
4901 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
4903 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
4905 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
4907 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
4909 =item Failures in DESTROY()
4911 =item Locale bugs fixed
4915 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
4917 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
4919 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
4921 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
4925 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4927 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
4928 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
4929 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
4930 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
4931 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
4932 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
4933 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
4934 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
4935 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
4936 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
4937 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
4938 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
4939 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
4940 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
4941 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
4942 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
4943 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
4944 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
4945 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
4946 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
4947 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
4948 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
4949 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
4950 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
4951 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
4952 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
4953 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
4954 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
4955 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
4956 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
4957 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
4958 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
4959 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
4960 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
4961 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
4962 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
4963 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
4964 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
4965 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
4966 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
4967 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
4968 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
4969 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
4970 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
4971 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
4972 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
4973 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
4974 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
4975 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
4976 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
4980 =item Incompatible Changes
4984 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
4986 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
4987 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
4988 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
4989 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
4990 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
4991 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
4992 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
4993 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
4994 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
4995 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
4996 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
4998 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5000 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5002 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5004 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5006 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5010 =item Known Problems
5014 =item Thread test failures
5016 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5018 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5020 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5022 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5025 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5027 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5029 =item Experimental features
5031 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5032 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5033 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5037 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5039 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5040 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5041 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5042 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5044 =item Reporting Bugs
5052 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5058 =item About the new versioning system
5060 =item Incompatible Changes
5064 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5066 =item Default installation structure has changed
5068 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5070 =item C Source Compatibility
5072 =item Binary Compatibility
5074 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5076 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5090 =item Regular Expressions
5092 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5093 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5094 improvements, Incompatible changes
5096 =item Improved malloc()
5098 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5100 =item Reliable signals
5102 =item Reliable stack pointers
5104 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5108 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5110 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5112 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5114 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5116 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5118 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5120 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5122 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5124 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5126 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5128 =item Better locale support
5130 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5132 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5134 =item Extended support for exception handling
5136 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5138 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5140 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5142 =item New C<lock> keyword
5144 =item New C<qr//> operator
5146 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5148 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5150 =item Tied handles support is better
5152 =item 4th argument to substr
5154 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5156 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5158 =item <> now reads in records
5162 =item Supported Platforms
5168 =item Changes in existing support
5172 =item Modules and Pragmata
5178 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5179 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5180 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5182 =item Changes in existing modules
5184 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5185 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5189 =item Utility Changes
5191 =item Documentation Changes
5193 =item New Diagnostics
5195 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5196 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5197 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5198 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5199 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5200 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5201 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5202 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5203 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5204 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5205 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5206 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5207 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5208 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5209 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5210 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5211 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5213 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5215 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5216 temporary file, regexp too big
5218 =item Configuration Changes
5228 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5234 =item Supported Environments
5240 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5242 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5244 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5246 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5248 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5250 =item More precise warnings
5252 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5254 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5256 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5258 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5260 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5262 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5264 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5266 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5268 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5270 =item Changes to tainting checks
5272 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5273 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5275 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5277 =item Embedding improvements
5279 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5281 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5283 =item New and changed syntax
5287 =item New and changed builtin constants
5291 =item New and changed builtin variables
5295 =item New and changed builtin functions
5297 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5298 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5299 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5300 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5301 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5303 =item New builtin methods
5305 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5307 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5309 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5310 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5312 =item Malloc enhancements
5314 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5316 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5320 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5336 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5337 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5343 =item Required Updates
5345 =item Installation directories
5347 =item Module information summary
5361 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5365 =item Utility Changes
5371 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5375 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5379 =item C Language API Changes
5381 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5384 =item Documentation Changes
5386 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5387 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5389 =item New Diagnostics
5391 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5392 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5393 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5394 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5395 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5396 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5397 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5398 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5399 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5400 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5401 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5402 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5403 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5404 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5405 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5406 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5407 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5408 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5409 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5410 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5411 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5412 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5413 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5414 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5415 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5425 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5433 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5437 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5439 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5441 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5443 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5449 =item GDBM and Threads
5451 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5461 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5477 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5479 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5481 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5487 =item Accessing documentation
5495 =item B<GNU> C<info> files
5507 =item Getting the perl source
5511 sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib
5515 =item Installing the built perl
5525 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5547 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell
5549 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5551 =item Floating point anomalies
5569 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5579 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5581 =item Cygwin Configuration
5583 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5591 =item Strip Binaries
5593 =item Optional Libraries
5595 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5596 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5598 =item Configure-time Options
5600 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5601 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5603 =item Suspicious Warnings
5605 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5623 =item File Permissions
5627 =item Filetime Granularity
5629 =item Tainting Checks
5633 =item Script Portability
5635 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5643 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5644 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5654 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
5668 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
5678 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES
5684 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules
5686 =item Building Non-XS Modules
5688 =item Building XS Modules
5698 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5706 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5708 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
5710 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
5712 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5716 =item I/O Redirection
5726 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5730 =item SUPPORT STATUS
5738 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5747 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5757 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5759 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5761 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5763 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5769 =item GDBM and Threads
5771 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5773 =item perl -P and //
5783 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
5792 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
5794 =item Failures during C<make test>
5796 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
5798 =item Building external modules
5808 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
5822 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
5830 =item System Requirements
5832 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
5834 =item Distribution Contents Highlights
5836 README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6
5838 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
5840 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
5842 =item Change History
5846 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
5866 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
5868 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
5870 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
5874 =item Frequently asked questions
5878 =item "It does not work"
5880 =item I cannot run external programs
5882 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
5885 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
5888 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
5890 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
5898 =item Automatic binary installation
5900 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
5902 =item Manual binary installation
5904 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
5905 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
5906 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
5907 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
5908 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
5914 =item Accessing documentation
5918 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
5926 =item GNU C<info> files
5938 =item The short story
5942 =item Getting perl source
5944 =item Application of the patches
5952 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
5955 =item Installing the built perl
5957 =item C<a.out>-style build
5965 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
5967 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
5969 =item Problems with tr or sed
5971 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
5973 =item Library ... not found
5975 =item Segfault in make
5977 =item op/sprintf test failure
5981 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
5985 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
5989 =item C<extproc> on the first line
5991 =item Additional modules:
5993 =item Prebuilt methods:
5995 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
5996 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
5997 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
5998 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
5999 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6000 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6001 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6002 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6003 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6004 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6005 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6007 =item Prebuilt variables:
6009 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6015 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6018 =item Identifying DLLs
6020 =item Centralized management of resources
6036 =item F<perl___.exe>
6038 =item Why strange names?
6040 =item Why dynamic linking?
6042 =item Why chimera build?
6050 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6052 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6054 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6056 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6058 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6060 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6070 =item DLL name mangling
6074 =item Calls to external programs
6076 =item Memory allocation
6080 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6094 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6106 =item Setup and utilities
6110 =item Build, test, install
6112 =item build anomalies
6114 =item testing anomalies
6116 =item installation anomalies
6120 =item Floating point anomalies
6122 =item Modules and Extensions
6140 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6148 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6154 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6160 =item File Extraction Problems.
6162 =item Compiler and Related Tools.
6168 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6172 =item 64-bit Issues.
6176 =item Malloc Issues.
6180 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6182 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6183 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6184 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6190 =item op/stat.t test 4
6194 =item PREBUILT BINARIES.
6196 =item RUNTIME ISSUES.
6200 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files.
6204 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6206 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6210 =item Proc::ProcessTable
6224 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6236 =item Setup and utilities
6240 Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There's a bug in the
6241 compiler (APAR PQ18812) that generates some bad code the optimizer is on,
6242 As VM/ESA doesn't fully support the fork() API programs relying on this
6243 call will not work. I've replaced fork()/exec() with spawn() and the
6244 standalone exec() with spawn(). This has a side effect when opening unnamed
6245 pipes in a shell script: there is no child process generated under
6247 =item testing anomalies
6251 When using perl on VM/ESA please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII
6252 character sets are different. Perl builtin functions that may behave
6253 differently under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod document.
6269 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6277 =item Organization of Perl Images
6283 =item Perl Extensions
6285 =item Installing static extensions
6287 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6291 =item File specifications
6297 =item Wildcard expansion
6303 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6309 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6311 =item Command line switches
6317 =item Perl functions
6319 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6320 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6321 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6322 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6324 =item Perl variables
6326 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|
6328 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6342 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6350 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6354 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6358 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6360 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6364 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6368 =item Unimplemented Features
6374 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6382 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
6394 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
6404 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
6405 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
6406 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
6410 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
6414 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
6415 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
6416 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
6424 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6426 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6438 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6448 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6458 =item Built-in Attributes
6460 locked, method, lvalue
6462 =item Available Subroutines
6466 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6468 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6470 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6478 =item Default exports
6480 =item Available exports
6482 =item Export tags defined
6492 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6504 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6520 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6534 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6548 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6561 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6570 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6576 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6586 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6596 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6607 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6609 =item The I<splain> Program
6623 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6637 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6647 =item subpragma access
6653 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
6664 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
6674 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
6684 =item Adding directories to @INC
6686 =item Deleting directories from @INC
6688 =item Restoring original @INC
6698 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
6709 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
6717 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
6719 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
6725 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
6737 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
6747 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
6749 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
6751 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
6753 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
6755 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
6757 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
6759 =item Overloadable Operations
6761 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
6762 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
6763 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
6765 =item Inheritance and overloading
6767 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
6768 is inherited by derived classes
6772 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
6780 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
6782 =item Copy Constructor
6788 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
6790 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
6791 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
6792 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
6795 =item Losing overloading
6797 =item Run-time Overloading
6799 =item Public functions
6801 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
6803 =item Overloading constants
6805 integer, float, binary, q, qr
6807 =item IMPLEMENTATION
6809 =item Metaphor clash
6815 =item Two-face scalars
6817 =item Two-face references
6819 =item Symbolic calculator
6821 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
6829 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
6830 type, `%s' is not a code reference
6836 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6846 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
6858 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
6860 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
6864 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
6868 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
6876 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
6884 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
6888 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
6898 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
6911 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code
6921 =item Utility functions
6923 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
6924 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
6932 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
6942 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
6950 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
6951 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
6952 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
6953 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
6954 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
6958 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
6960 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
6962 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
6972 =item DBM Comparisons
6982 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
6992 =item Subroutine Stubs
6994 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6996 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6998 =item Package Lexicals
7000 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7002 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7012 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7020 $keep, $check, $modtime
7024 =item Multiple packages
7032 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7040 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7044 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7052 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7066 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7070 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7072 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7074 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7076 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7080 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7084 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7085 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7089 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7090 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7094 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7098 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7103 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7105 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7109 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7111 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7115 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7119 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7123 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7127 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7129 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7131 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7135 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7139 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7143 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7145 redoop, nextop, lastop
7147 =item B::COP METHODS
7149 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7153 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7155 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7156 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7157 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM),
7158 hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
7164 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7177 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7189 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7201 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7211 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7212 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7213 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7223 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7233 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7234 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7244 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7254 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7255 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7256 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7268 =item Context of ".."
7272 =item Deprecated features
7280 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7290 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7291 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7292 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7294 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7296 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7297 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7298 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7299 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7300 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7301 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7302 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7303 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7309 =item OP flags abbreviations
7311 =item OP class abbreviations
7319 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7331 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7341 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7342 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7344 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7364 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7376 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7384 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7386 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7387 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7389 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7399 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7409 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7415 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7427 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7439 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7441 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7453 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7463 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7471 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7483 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7497 =item Standard Exports
7499 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7500 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7501 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7503 =item Optional Exports
7505 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7506 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7507 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7523 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7527 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7541 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7551 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7552 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7553 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7563 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7575 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7577 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7579 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7581 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7583 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7585 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7587 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7589 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7591 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7593 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7595 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7597 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7599 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7601 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7603 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7605 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7607 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7609 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7610 B<:standard>, B<:all>
7614 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls,
7615 -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles
7617 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
7619 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
7620 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
7625 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
7629 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
7631 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
7633 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
7635 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
7637 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
7639 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
7641 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
7643 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
7644 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
7646 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
7650 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
7654 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
7656 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
7658 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
7660 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
7662 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
7664 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
7665 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
7667 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
7671 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
7675 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
7677 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
7679 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
7681 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
7685 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
7687 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
7689 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
7693 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
7695 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
7699 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
7703 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
7707 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
7711 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
7715 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
7717 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
7719 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
7723 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
7727 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
7733 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
7734 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
7736 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
7738 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
7739 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
7742 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
7748 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
7752 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
7754 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
7755 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
7756 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
7757 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
7758 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
7760 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
7762 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
7767 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
7769 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
7771 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
7772 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
7774 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
7776 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7780 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
7781 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
7782 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
7783 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
7784 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
7785 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
7786 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
7787 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
7788 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
7789 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
7790 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
7791 ...and many many more..
7793 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
7801 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
7811 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7819 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
7828 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
7830 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
7834 =item Changing the default message
7838 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
7848 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
7856 =item USING CGI::Cookie
7858 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
7862 =item Creating New Cookies
7864 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
7866 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
7868 =item Manipulating Cookies
7870 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
7874 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7882 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
7890 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
7892 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
7894 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
7896 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
7900 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7908 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
7918 =item Tags that won't be formatted
7920 =item Customizing the Indenting
7932 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
7940 =item USING CGI::Push
7942 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
7946 =item Heterogeneous Pages
7948 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
7952 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
7954 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7962 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
7972 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7980 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
7988 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7994 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8004 =item Interactive Mode
8006 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8007 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8008 distribution, ls author, Signals
8016 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8018 =item Programmer's interface
8020 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8022 =item Methods in the other Classes
8024 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8025 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8026 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8027 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8028 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8029 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8030 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8031 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8032 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8033 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8034 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8035 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8036 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8037 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8038 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8039 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8040 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8041 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8042 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8043 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8044 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8045 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8046 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8047 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8048 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8049 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8057 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8061 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8067 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8068 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8069 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8070 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8074 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8076 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8084 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8086 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8090 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8092 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8094 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8100 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8112 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8122 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8135 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8145 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8153 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8155 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8165 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8166 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8167 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8169 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8177 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8187 =item The C<struct()> function
8189 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8191 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8193 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8194 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8196 =item Initializing with C<new>
8202 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8204 =item Author and Modification History
8208 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8216 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8228 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8232 C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>,
8233 C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>,
8234 C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk>
8238 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8239 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8243 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8244 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8245 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8246 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>
8250 C<CONFIGDOTSH>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>,
8251 C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>,
8252 C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8256 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8257 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8258 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8259 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8260 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>,
8261 C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>,
8262 C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>,
8263 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>,
8264 C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>,
8265 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
8266 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
8267 C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
8268 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
8269 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
8270 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>,
8271 C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>,
8272 C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>,
8273 C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>,
8274 C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>,
8275 C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
8276 C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>,
8277 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>,
8278 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
8279 C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
8280 C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
8281 C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>,
8282 C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
8283 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
8284 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
8285 C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
8286 C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
8287 C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>,
8288 C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>,
8289 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
8290 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
8291 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
8292 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
8293 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
8294 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
8295 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
8296 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
8297 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>,
8298 C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>,
8299 C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>,
8300 C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>,
8301 C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
8302 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
8303 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
8304 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
8305 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
8306 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
8307 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
8308 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
8309 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
8310 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>,
8311 C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_statblks>,
8312 C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>,
8313 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
8314 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
8315 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
8316 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
8317 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
8318 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>,
8319 C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
8320 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>,
8321 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
8322 C<d_usleep>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>,
8323 C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>,
8324 C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>,
8325 C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
8326 C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
8327 C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8331 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8332 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8336 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8337 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
8341 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8342 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8346 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8350 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8351 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8352 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8353 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
8354 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
8355 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8356 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8357 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8358 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8359 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8360 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8361 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8362 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8363 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8364 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8365 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8366 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8367 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8368 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8369 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8370 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8371 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8372 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8377 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8381 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8382 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8383 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8384 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8385 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8386 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8390 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8391 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8392 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8396 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8397 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8401 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8402 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8403 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8404 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8408 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8409 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8413 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8418 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8419 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8420 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8421 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8425 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8429 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8430 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm>
8434 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8435 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8436 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8437 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8438 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8439 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8440 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8441 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8442 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8443 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8444 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8445 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8446 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8447 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8451 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
8452 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8456 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8457 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8458 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8459 C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>,
8460 C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>,
8461 C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>,
8462 C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>,
8463 C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>,
8464 C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8468 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8469 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8470 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8474 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8478 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
8490 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
8500 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8512 =item Global Variables
8514 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8515 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8520 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8521 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8523 =item Client Callback Methods
8525 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8526 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8527 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8537 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8545 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8549 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8551 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8553 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8555 =item Default Parameters
8557 =item In Memory Databases
8565 =item A Simple Example
8573 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8575 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8577 =item The get_dup() Method
8579 =item The find_dup() Method
8581 =item The del_dup() Method
8583 =item Matching Partial Keys
8591 =item The 'bval' Option
8593 =item A Simple Example
8595 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8597 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8598 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
8600 =item Another Example
8604 =item THE API INTERFACE
8606 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8607 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8608 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
8609 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
8613 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
8614 B<filter_fetch_value>
8620 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
8622 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
8626 =item HINTS AND TIPS
8630 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
8632 =item Safe ways to lock a database
8634 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
8636 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
8638 =item The untie() Gotcha
8642 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
8646 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
8648 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
8650 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
8652 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
8672 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
8673 printing and C<eval>
8685 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
8686 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
8687 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
8694 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
8696 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8697 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8698 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8699 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8700 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8701 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8702 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8703 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8704 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8705 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8706 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8707 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
8727 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
8735 =item PROFILE FORMAT
8747 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
8757 =item Memory footprint debugging
8765 =item A simple scalar string
8767 =item A simple scalar number
8769 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
8771 =item A reference to a simple scalar
8773 =item A reference to an array
8775 =item A reference to a hash
8777 =item Dumping a large array or hash
8779 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
8781 =item A reference to a subroutine
8795 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
8805 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
8813 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
8817 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
8818 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
8819 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
8827 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
8837 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
8841 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
8842 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
8854 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
8864 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
8876 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
8877 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
8878 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
8883 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
8884 veryCompact, set, get
8890 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
8898 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
8899 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
8900 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
8901 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
8908 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
8921 =head2 Encode - character encodings
8939 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
8941 =item Types of Encodings
8943 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
8944 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
8946 =item Specifying Encodings
8948 1. By name, 2. As an object
8950 =item Encoding Names
8952 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
8953 The name used by the the organization that defined it
8957 =item PERL ENCODING API
8961 =item Generic Encoding Interface
8963 =item Handling Malformed Data
8965 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
8969 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
8971 =item Listing available encodings
8973 =item Defining Aliases
8975 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
8978 =item Defining Encodings
8982 =item Encoding and IO
8984 =item Encoding How to ...
8986 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
8987 strings in binary data, perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
8989 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
8991 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
8993 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
8995 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
8996 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9000 =item Compiled Encodings
9002 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9003 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9011 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9012 of the Encode extension
9018 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9026 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9028 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9034 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9042 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9055 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9070 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9086 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9098 =item Selecting What To Export
9100 =item Specialised Import Lists
9102 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9104 =item Module Version Checking
9106 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9108 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9114 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9124 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9145 mv source... destination
9147 cp source... destination
9165 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
9177 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
9178 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
9188 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
9198 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
9210 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
9211 packlist(), version()
9219 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
9227 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
9233 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
9243 =item VMS implementation
9245 =item Win32 implementation
9253 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9262 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9266 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9281 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9293 =item Preloaded methods
9313 =item SelfLoaded methods
9359 file_name_is_absolute
9365 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9405 maybe_command_in_dirs
9443 replace_manpage_separator
9457 test_via_harness (o)
9489 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9500 =item Methods always loaded
9512 =item SelfLoaded methods
9514 guess_name (override)
9518 find_perl (override)
9522 maybe_command (override)
9524 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
9526 perl_script (override)
9528 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9530 replace_manpage_separator
9532 init_others (override)
9534 constants (override)
9538 const_cccmd (override)
9540 pm_to_blib (override)
9542 tool_autosplit (override)
9544 tool_sxubpp (override)
9546 xsubpp_version (override)
9548 tools_other (override)
9558 top_targets (override)
9562 dynamic_lib (override)
9564 dynamic_bs (override)
9566 static_lib (override)
9568 manifypods (override)
9570 processPL (override)
9572 installbin (override)
9578 realclean (override)
9580 dist_basics (override)
9582 dist_core (override)
9586 dist_test (override)
9590 perldepend (override)
9596 test_via_harness (override)
9598 test_via_script (override)
9600 makeaperl (override)
9604 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9631 test_via_harness (o)
9633 tool_autosplit (override)
9651 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
9661 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
9663 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
9671 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
9675 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
9677 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
9679 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
9681 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
9683 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
9684 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
9685 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
9686 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
9687 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
9688 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
9689 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
9690 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
9691 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
9692 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
9693 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
9694 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
9695 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
9696 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
9697 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
9699 =item Additional lowercase attributes
9701 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
9704 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
9706 =item Hintsfile support
9708 =item Distribution Support
9710 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
9711 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
9712 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
9714 =item Disabling an extension
9728 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
9740 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
9744 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
9745 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
9749 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
9757 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
9769 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
9779 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
9788 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
9796 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
9808 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
9816 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
9826 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
9838 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
9848 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
9852 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
9860 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
9864 C<basename>, C<dirname>
9868 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
9878 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
9892 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
9902 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
9904 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
9914 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
9922 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
9934 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
9942 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
9943 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>,
9944 C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
9950 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
9958 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>, C<GLOB_NOSORT>,
9959 C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>, C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>,
9964 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
9972 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
9984 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
9998 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
10032 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10050 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
10078 file_name_is_absolute
10098 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
10108 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
10140 file_name_is_absolute
10162 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
10178 =item Methods always loaded
10180 canonpath (override)
10198 case_tolerant (override)
10202 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10204 splitpath (override)
10206 splitdir (override)
10220 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
10250 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10274 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10288 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10298 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10306 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10314 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10316 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10328 =item Temporary files and NFS
10340 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10354 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10366 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10374 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10380 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10404 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10414 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10418 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10420 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10428 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10430 =item Example 2: Using the context
10432 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10434 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10438 =item Filter::Simple
10446 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
10454 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
10464 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
10480 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
10488 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
10490 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
10494 =item Simple options
10496 =item A little bit less simple options
10498 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
10500 =item Options with values
10502 =item Options with multiple values
10504 =item Options with hash values
10506 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
10508 =item Options with multiple names
10510 =item Case and abbreviations
10512 =item Summary of Option Specifications
10514 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
10518 =item Advanced Possibilities
10522 =item Object oriented interface
10524 =item Documentation and help texts
10526 =item Storing options in a hash
10530 =item The lonesome dash
10532 =item Argument call-back
10536 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
10538 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
10539 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
10540 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
10541 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
10542 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
10544 =item Return values and Errors
10550 =item Default destinations
10552 =item Alternative option starters
10554 =item Configuration variables
10558 =item Trouble Shooting
10562 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
10564 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
10571 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
10575 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
10586 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
10597 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
10607 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
10615 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10616 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10626 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10636 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10640 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10648 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
10658 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10662 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10663 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10664 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10665 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10677 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10687 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10691 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10701 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10711 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10712 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10722 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
10730 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10731 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10740 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
10750 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10754 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10755 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10756 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10766 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
10780 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
10781 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
10791 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
10807 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10820 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
10834 hostpath(), peerpath()
10844 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
10853 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10854 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10864 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10874 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10878 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10886 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
10897 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10901 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10902 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10903 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10904 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10916 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10926 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10930 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10940 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10950 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10951 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10961 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
10970 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10971 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10980 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
10991 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10995 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10996 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10997 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11007 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
11022 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11023 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11033 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
11034 AF_INET domain sockets
11050 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11063 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
11064 AF_UNIX domain sockets
11078 hostpath(), peerpath()
11088 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11098 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11099 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11110 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
11124 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
11137 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
11147 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11148 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11149 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11160 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
11178 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11188 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11189 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11200 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
11211 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11212 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11213 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11224 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
11232 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11236 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
11244 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
11256 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
11262 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11264 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
11265 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
11271 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11273 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
11279 =item CODE ALIASING
11289 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11293 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
11294 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
11295 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
11296 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
11304 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
11305 identification (ISO 4217)
11323 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11325 code2currency(), currency2code()
11331 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11333 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
11341 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11345 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
11353 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
11370 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11372 code2language(), language2code()
11378 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11380 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
11388 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11392 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
11393 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
11401 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
11409 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
11413 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
11421 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
11422 of quoted-printable strings
11430 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
11436 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
11445 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
11451 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
11459 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
11468 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
11476 Canonical notation, Input, Output
11480 =item Autocreating constants
11488 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
11501 =item STRINGIFICATION
11505 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
11511 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
11513 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
11521 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
11529 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
11535 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
11537 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
11541 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11543 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
11547 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
11549 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11551 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
11552 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
11556 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
11562 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
11572 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
11580 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11586 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11590 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11594 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
11606 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
11607 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
11615 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
11632 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
11649 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
11664 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
11681 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
11691 =item IMPLEMENTATION
11697 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
11705 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11711 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11715 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11719 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
11731 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
11733 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
11734 or optag, an operator set (opset)
11736 =item Opcode Functions
11738 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
11739 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
11740 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
11743 =item Manipulating Opsets
11745 =item TO DO (maybe)
11751 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
11753 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
11754 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
11755 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
11764 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
11773 a new namespace, an operator mask
11779 =item RECENT CHANGES
11781 =item Methods in class Safe
11783 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
11784 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
11785 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
11786 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
11788 =item Some Safety Issues
11790 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
11798 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
11811 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
11825 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
11826 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
11827 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
11828 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
11829 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
11830 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
11831 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
11832 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
11833 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
11834 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
11835 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
11836 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
11837 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
11838 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
11839 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
11840 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
11841 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
11842 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
11843 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
11844 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
11845 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
11846 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
11847 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
11848 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
11849 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
11856 =item POSIX::SigAction
11860 =item POSIX::SigSet
11862 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
11864 =item POSIX::Termios
11866 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
11867 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
11868 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
11869 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
11870 values, c_oflag field values
11874 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
11878 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
11882 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
11940 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
11949 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
11953 =item Defaults and how to override them
11963 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
11973 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
11981 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
11982 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
11983 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
11984 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
11985 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
11986 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
11987 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
11991 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
11997 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
12003 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
12015 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
12016 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
12017 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
12018 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
12019 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
12020 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
12021 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
12022 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
12027 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
12028 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
12029 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
12030 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
12031 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
12032 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
12036 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
12037 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
12049 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
12051 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
12054 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
12056 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
12058 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
12060 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
12062 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
12070 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
12082 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
12084 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
12091 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
12097 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
12099 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
12106 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
12118 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
12128 backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile,
12129 libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title,
12144 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
12157 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
12158 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
12164 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
12188 =item B<was_cutting()>
12194 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
12200 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
12206 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
12212 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
12218 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12224 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
12230 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
12236 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
12242 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
12248 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
12254 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
12260 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
12266 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
12272 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
12278 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
12284 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12290 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
12296 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
12302 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
12308 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
12314 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
12320 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
12326 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
12332 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
12338 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
12344 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
12350 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
12356 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12362 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
12374 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
12386 =item OBJECT METHODS
12394 =item Data Accessors
12410 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
12412 B<StartWithNewPage>
12426 =item Subclassed methods
12440 B<interior_sequence>
12456 =item Methods for headings
12464 =item Internal methods
12470 B<_replace_special_chars>
12476 B<_clean_latex_commands>
12492 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
12500 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
12505 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
12506 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
12507 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
12508 line %d, Unmatched =back
12518 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
12532 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
12540 $list-E<gt>indent()
12548 $list-E<gt>parent()
12554 =item Pod::Hyperlink
12556 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
12560 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
12562 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
12566 $link-E<gt>warning()
12568 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
12574 $link-E<gt>alttext()
12584 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
12590 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
12594 =item Pod::Cache::Item
12596 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
12600 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
12602 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
12604 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
12606 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
12608 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
12610 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
12612 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
12622 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
12634 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12636 =item PARSING OPTIONS
12638 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
12639 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
12645 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12653 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12659 =item B<verbatim()>
12661 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12667 =item B<textblock()>
12669 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12675 =item B<interior_sequence()>
12681 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12693 =item B<initialize()>
12699 =item B<begin_pod()>
12705 =item B<begin_input()>
12711 =item B<end_input()>
12723 =item B<preprocess_line()>
12729 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
12735 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
12741 =item B<parse_text()>
12743 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
12744 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
12745 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
12751 =item B<interpolate()>
12757 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
12763 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
12769 =item B<parse_from_file()>
12775 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
12781 =item B<errorsub()>
12793 =item B<parseopts()>
12799 =item B<output_file()>
12805 =item B<output_handle()>
12811 =item B<input_file()>
12817 =item B<input_handle()>
12823 =item B<input_streams()>
12829 =item B<top_stream()>
12835 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12841 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
12847 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
12853 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
12861 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
12881 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
12894 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
12896 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
12902 =item OBJECT METHODS
12908 =item B<curr_headings()>
12920 =item B<add_selection()>
12926 =item B<clear_selections()>
12932 =item B<match_section()>
12938 =item B<is_selected()>
12944 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
12950 =item B<podselect()>
12952 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
12958 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12964 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
12970 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
12976 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
12988 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
12996 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
13000 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
13001 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
13002 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
13014 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
13030 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
13047 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
13048 text with format escapes
13062 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
13071 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
13080 =item Recommended Use
13088 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
13092 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
13100 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13106 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13110 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13114 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
13122 a new namespace, an operator mask
13128 =item RECENT CHANGES
13130 =item Methods in class Safe
13132 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13133 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13134 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13135 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13137 =item Some Safety Issues
13139 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13147 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
13157 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
13167 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
13177 =item The __DATA__ token
13179 =item SelfLoader autoloading
13181 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
13183 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
13185 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
13187 =item Classes and inherited methods.
13191 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
13195 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
13205 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
13213 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
13214 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
13222 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
13223 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
13224 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
13225 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
13226 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
13230 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
13240 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
13244 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
13246 =item ERROR REPORTING
13254 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
13259 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
13260 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
13284 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
13298 =item Allowing fall-through
13300 =item Automating fall-through
13302 =item Higher-order Operations
13316 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
13326 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
13338 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
13339 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
13347 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
13348 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
13359 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
13360 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
13368 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
13369 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
13380 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
13390 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
13391 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
13402 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
13414 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
13422 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
13432 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
13433 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
13441 =item Minimal set of supported functions
13443 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
13444 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
13446 =item Additional supported functions
13448 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
13458 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
13468 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
13480 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
13490 =item The test script output
13492 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
13493 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
13494 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>
13502 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
13503 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
13504 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
13505 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
13509 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
13510 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
13521 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
13533 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
13543 =item General behaviour in list contexts
13547 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
13549 =item A note about prefixes
13551 =item C<extract_delimited>
13553 =item C<extract_bracketed>
13555 =item C<extract_tagged>
13557 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
13558 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
13560 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
13562 =item C<extract_quotelike>
13564 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
13566 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
13568 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
13570 =item C<extract_codeblock>
13572 =item C<extract_multiple>
13574 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
13580 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
13581 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
13582 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
13583 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
13584 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
13585 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
13586 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
13587 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
13588 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
13589 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
13590 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
13591 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
13596 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
13602 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
13617 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
13634 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
13649 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
13663 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
13674 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
13675 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
13676 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
13680 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
13688 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
13696 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
13698 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
13704 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
13712 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
13714 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
13718 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
13730 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
13740 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
13748 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
13749 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
13750 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
13751 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
13759 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
13768 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
13769 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
13770 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
13771 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
13773 =item MORE INFORMATION
13775 =item COMPATIBILITY
13779 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
13787 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
13788 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
13792 =item MORE INFORMATION
13796 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
13814 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
13823 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
13825 =item MORE INFORMATION
13829 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
13841 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
13849 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13855 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
13870 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
13885 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
13897 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
13905 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
13906 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
13910 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
13925 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
13936 =item System Specifics
13950 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
13958 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
13960 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
13961 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
13962 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
13963 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
13964 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
13965 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
13966 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
13967 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
13968 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
13969 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
13970 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
13971 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
13972 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
13973 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
13974 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
13975 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
13981 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
13999 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
14011 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
14013 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
14014 don't all have manual pages yet:
14040 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles