4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
365 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
366 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
367 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
368 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
369 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
370 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
371 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
372 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
373 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
374 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
375 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
376 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
377 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
378 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
379 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
380 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
381 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
382 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
383 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
384 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
385 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
386 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
387 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
388 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
389 study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
390 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
391 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
392 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
393 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
394 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
395 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
396 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
397 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
398 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
399 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
400 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
401 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
402 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
403 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
409 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
415 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
423 =item Making References
425 =item Using References
443 =item Distribution Conditions
449 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
455 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
456 more elaborate constructs
460 =item COMMON MISTAKES
462 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
464 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
470 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
474 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
476 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
478 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
482 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
486 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
488 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
490 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
494 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
498 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
500 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
502 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
506 =item HASHES OF HASHES
510 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
512 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
514 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
518 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
522 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
524 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
526 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
538 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
548 =item Simple word matching
550 =item Using character classes
552 =item Matching this or that
554 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
556 =item Extracting matches
558 =item Matching repetitions
562 =item Search and replace
564 =item The split operator
572 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
576 =item Acknowledgments
582 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
590 =item Verbatim Paragraph
592 =item Command Paragraph
594 =item Ordinary Block of Text
598 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
600 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
610 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
618 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
636 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
638 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
639 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
640 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
641 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
643 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
645 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
646 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
647 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
651 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
653 =item Numerical Traps
655 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
657 =item General data type traps
659 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
660 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
662 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
664 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
666 =item Precedence Traps
668 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
671 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
673 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
674 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
677 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
679 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
685 =item Interpolation Traps
687 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
694 =item Unclassified Traps
696 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
703 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
713 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
715 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
717 =item Location of Perl
719 =item Command Switches
721 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
722 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
723 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
724 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
725 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
726 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
733 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
734 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
735 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
739 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
747 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
755 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
757 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
759 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
763 =item Backward Compatibility
765 =item Category Hierarchy
769 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
781 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
789 =item Looking at data and -w and w
793 =item Stepping through code
795 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
797 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
815 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
821 =item The Perl Debugger
825 =item Debugger Commands
827 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
828 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
829 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
830 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
831 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
832 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
833 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
834 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
835 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
837 =item Configurable Options
839 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
840 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
841 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
842 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
843 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
844 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
846 =item Debugger input/output
848 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
851 =item Debugging compile-time statements
853 =item Debugger Customization
855 =item Readline Support
857 =item Editor Support for Debugging
859 =item The Perl Profiler
863 =item Debugging regular expressions
865 =item Debugging memory usage
873 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
881 =item Predefined Names
883 $ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
884 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
885 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
886 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
887 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
888 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
890 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
891 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
892 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
894 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
895 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
896 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
897 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
898 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
899 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
900 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
901 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
902 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
903 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
904 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
905 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
906 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
907 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
908 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
909 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
910 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
911 %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
913 =item Error Indicators
915 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
923 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
929 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
931 =item Growing Your Own
933 =item Access and Printing
943 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
949 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
959 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
965 =item Open E<agrave> la C
969 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
973 =item Obscure Open Tricks
977 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
979 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
983 =item Single Argument Open
985 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
989 =item Other I/O Issues
993 =item Opening Non-File Files
1003 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1009 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1015 =item Part 1: The basics
1019 =item Simple word matching
1021 =item Using character classes
1023 =item Matching this or that
1025 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1027 =item Extracting matches
1029 =item Matching repetitions
1031 =item Building a regexp
1033 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1037 =item Part 2: Power tools
1041 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1043 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1045 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1047 =item Non-capturing groupings
1049 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1051 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1053 =item Conditional expressions
1055 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1057 =item Pragmas and debugging
1065 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1069 =item Acknowledgments
1075 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1085 =item Regular Expressions
1087 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1089 =item Extended Patterns
1091 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1092 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1093 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1094 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1098 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1100 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1102 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1104 =item Combining pieces together
1106 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1107 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1108 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1109 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1111 =item Creating custom RE engines
1121 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1131 =item Making References
1133 =item Using References
1135 =item Symbolic references
1137 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1139 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1141 =item Function Templates
1151 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1159 =item Format Variables
1169 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1177 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1185 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1187 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1189 =item Invoking a barnyard
1191 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1193 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1195 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1197 =item A few notes about @ISA
1199 =item Overriding the methods
1201 =item Starting the search from a different place
1203 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1205 =item Where we're at so far...
1207 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1209 =item Invoking an instance method
1211 =item Accessing the instance data
1213 =item How to build a horse
1215 =item Inheriting the constructor
1217 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1219 =item Adding parameters to a method
1221 =item More interesting instances
1223 =item A horse of a different color
1235 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1241 =item Creating a Class
1245 =item Object Representation
1247 =item Class Interface
1249 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1251 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1255 =item Other Object Methods
1263 =item Accessing Class Data
1265 =item Debugging Methods
1267 =item Class Destructors
1269 =item Documenting the Interface
1279 =item Overridden Methods
1281 =item Multiple Inheritance
1283 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1287 =item Alternate Object Representations
1291 =item Arrays as Objects
1293 =item Closures as Objects
1297 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1301 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1303 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1307 =item Metaclassical Tools
1313 =item Data Members as Variables
1321 =item Object Terminology
1327 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1333 =item Acknowledgments
1339 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1345 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1349 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1351 =item Inheritance Concerns
1353 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1355 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1357 =item Monadic Classes
1359 =item Translucent Attributes
1363 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1367 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1369 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1371 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1373 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1375 =item Translucency Revisited
1383 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1385 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1391 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1399 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1401 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1403 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1405 =item Method Invocation
1409 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1411 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1417 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1425 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1431 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1433 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1435 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1437 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1439 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1441 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1443 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1445 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1447 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1449 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1455 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1467 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1472 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1473 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1474 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1475 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1480 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1481 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1482 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1484 =item Tying FileHandles
1486 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1487 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1492 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1504 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1505 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1521 =item Using open() for IPC
1527 =item Background Processes
1529 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1531 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1533 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1535 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1539 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1543 =item Internet Line Terminators
1545 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1547 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1551 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1555 =item A Simple Client
1557 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1559 =item A Webget Client
1561 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1565 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1567 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1569 =item UDP: Message Passing
1583 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1593 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1595 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1596 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1597 files, directories and network sockets
1599 =item Resource limits
1601 =item Killing the parent process
1603 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1605 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1607 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1608 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1609 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1621 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1629 =item Storing numbers
1631 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1633 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1635 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1636 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1637 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1646 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1652 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1654 =item Threaded Program Models
1666 =item Native threads
1668 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1670 =item Threadsafe Modules
1676 =item Basic Thread Support
1678 =item Creating Threads
1680 =item Giving up control
1682 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1684 =item Errors In Threads
1686 =item Ignoring A Thread
1690 =item Threads And Data
1694 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1696 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1698 =item Controlling access: lock()
1700 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1702 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1706 =item Threads And Code
1710 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1712 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1714 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1716 =item Subroutine Locks
1720 =item Locking A Subroutine
1724 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1728 =item What Thread Am I In?
1732 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1734 =item What Threads Are Running?
1738 =item A Complete Example
1746 =item Introductory Texts
1748 =item OS-Related References
1750 =item Other References
1754 =item Acknowledgements
1762 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1768 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1777 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1779 =item Files and Filesystems
1781 =item System Interaction
1783 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1785 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1787 =item Standard Modules
1791 =item Character sets and character encoding
1793 =item Internationalisation
1795 =item System Resources
1805 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1806 http://testers.cpan.org/
1814 =item DOS and Derivatives
1816 Build instructions for OS/2, L<perlos2>
1824 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1832 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1836 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1838 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1839 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1840 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1841 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1842 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1843 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1844 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1845 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1846 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1847 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1848 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1849 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1850 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1851 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1852 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1853 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1854 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1855 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1856 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1857 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair
1858 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat,
1859 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1860 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1861 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1862 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1868 v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999,
1869 v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May
1870 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December
1871 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August
1872 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998,
1875 =item Supported Platforms
1879 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1885 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1892 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1898 =item The use locale pragma
1900 =item The setlocale function
1902 =item Finding locales
1904 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1906 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1908 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1910 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1912 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1914 =item The localeconv function
1918 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1922 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1924 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1926 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1928 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1932 =item Other categories
1940 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1941 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1947 =item Backward compatibility
1949 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1951 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1953 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1955 =item Freely available locale definitions
1959 =item An imperfect standard
1967 =item Broken systems
1977 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1985 =item Important Caveat
1987 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1988 to enable a few features
1990 =item Byte and Character semantics
1992 =item Effects of character semantics
1994 =item Character encodings for input and output
2004 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2010 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2018 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2022 =item 13 variant characters
2032 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2034 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4
2036 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2050 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2052 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2054 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2056 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2064 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2066 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2068 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2070 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2074 =item TRANFORMATION FORMATS
2078 =item URL decoding and encoding
2080 =item uu encoding and decoding
2082 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2084 =item Caesarian cyphers
2088 =item Hashing order and checksums
2092 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2104 chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales
2122 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2130 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2132 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2134 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2138 =item Protecting Your Programs
2146 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2158 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2170 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2176 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2180 =item Pragmatic Modules
2182 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2183 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2184 perlio, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, unicode::distinct, utf8, vars, warnings,
2187 =item Standard Modules
2189 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2190 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse,
2191 B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse,
2192 B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie,
2193 CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
2194 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File,
2195 Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Exporter,
2196 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2197 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
2198 ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2199 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
2200 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
2201 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob,
2202 File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc,
2203 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2204 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2205 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
2206 I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2207 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent,
2208 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find,
2209 Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils,
2210 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2211 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
2212 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Symbol,
2213 Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2214 Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap,
2215 Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar,
2216 Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm,
2217 UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
2219 =item Extension Modules
2225 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
2226 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
2227 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
2228 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
2229 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
2230 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
2231 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
2232 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
2233 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
2234 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
2235 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
2236 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
2237 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe,
2238 North America, South America
2240 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2244 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2246 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
2247 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
2248 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
2249 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
2250 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
2251 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
2252 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
2253 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
2254 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
2255 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
2256 care when changing a released module
2258 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2260 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
2261 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
2262 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
2263 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
2265 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2267 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
2268 applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the
2269 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
2270 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
2271 can then be reduced to a small
2279 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2289 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2290 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2304 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2314 =item What should I make into a module?
2316 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2318 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2320 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2322 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2323 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2324 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2326 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2328 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2329 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2339 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2340 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2350 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2352 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2354 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2356 =item What is perl6?
2358 =item How stable is Perl?
2360 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2362 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2365 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2367 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2369 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2371 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2373 =item What is a JAPH?
2375 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2377 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2378 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2382 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2386 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2387 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2395 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2397 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2399 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2401 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2404 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2405 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2407 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2408 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2410 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2412 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2414 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2416 =item Where should I post source code?
2420 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2422 =item Perl in Magazines
2424 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2426 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2428 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2430 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2432 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2434 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2438 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2442 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2451 =item How do I do (anything)?
2453 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2455 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2457 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2459 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2461 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2463 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2465 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2467 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2469 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2471 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2473 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2475 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2477 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2479 =item What is undump?
2481 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2483 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2485 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2487 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2489 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2491 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2493 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2495 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2497 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2499 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2501 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2503 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2505 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2507 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2509 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2510 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2512 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2515 =item What's MakeMaker?
2519 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2523 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2534 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2535 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2537 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2539 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2542 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2544 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2546 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2548 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2550 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2552 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2560 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2562 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2564 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2566 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2568 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2570 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2572 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2580 =item How do I validate input?
2582 =item How do I unescape a string?
2584 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2586 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2588 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2590 =item How do I reverse a string?
2592 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2594 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2596 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2598 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2600 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2603 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2605 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2606 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2608 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2610 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2612 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2614 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2616 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2618 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2620 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2622 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2623 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2632 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2634 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2636 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2640 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2642 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2643 intersection of two arrays?
2645 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2647 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2649 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2651 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2653 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2655 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2657 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2659 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2661 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2663 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2665 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2669 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2673 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2675 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2678 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2680 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2682 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2684 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2686 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2688 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2690 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2692 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2694 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2696 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2698 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2701 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2702 array of hashes or arrays?
2704 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2712 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2714 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2716 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2718 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2720 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2722 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2724 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2728 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2732 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2741 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2743 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2744 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2746 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2748 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2750 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2752 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2753 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2755 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2757 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2759 =item How can I write() into a string?
2761 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2763 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2765 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2767 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2769 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2771 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2773 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2775 =item How can I lock a file?
2777 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2779 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2780 the file. How can I do this?
2782 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2784 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2786 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2788 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2790 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2792 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2794 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2796 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2798 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2800 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2802 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2804 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2805 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2807 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2809 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2810 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2812 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2814 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2818 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2822 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2830 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2831 and unmaintainable code?
2833 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2835 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2837 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2840 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2842 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2845 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2847 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2849 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2851 =item What is C</o> really for?
2853 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2856 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2858 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2860 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2862 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2864 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2866 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2868 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2870 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2872 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2874 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2876 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2878 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2880 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2884 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2888 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2889 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2897 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2899 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2902 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2905 =item How do I skip some return values?
2907 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2909 =item What's an extension?
2911 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2913 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2915 =item How do I create a module?
2917 =item How do I create a class?
2919 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2921 =item What's a closure?
2923 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2925 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2928 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2931 =item How do I create a static variable?
2933 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2934 Between local() and my()?
2936 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2939 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2941 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2943 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2945 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2947 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2949 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2951 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2953 =item How can I find out my current package?
2955 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2957 =item How do I clear a package?
2959 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2963 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2967 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2976 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2978 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2980 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
2982 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
2984 =item How do I print something out in color?
2986 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
2988 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
2990 =item How do I clear the screen?
2992 =item How do I get the screen size?
2994 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
2996 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
2998 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3000 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3002 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3004 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3006 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3008 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3010 =item How do I set the time and date?
3012 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3014 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3016 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3018 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3019 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3021 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3023 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3025 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3027 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3029 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3031 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3033 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3035 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3037 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3039 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3042 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3044 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3046 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3048 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3051 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3052 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3053 changes to be visible?
3057 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3060 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3062 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3064 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3066 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3068 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3070 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3072 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3074 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3076 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3078 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3080 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3082 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3085 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3087 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3091 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3095 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3104 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3107 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3109 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3111 =item How do I extract URLs?
3113 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3114 file on another machine?
3116 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3118 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3120 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3122 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3124 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3126 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3128 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3130 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3131 CGI script to do bad things?
3133 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3135 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3137 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3139 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3141 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3143 =item How do I send mail?
3145 =item How do I read mail?
3147 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3149 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3151 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3153 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3157 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3161 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3171 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3175 =item Using The Back Ends
3179 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3183 =item The Decompiling Back End
3185 =item The Lint Back End
3187 =item The Simple C Back End
3189 =item The Bytecode Back End
3191 =item The Optimized C Back End
3193 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3194 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3195 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3199 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3205 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3215 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3216 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3220 =item Compiling your C program
3222 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3224 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3226 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3228 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3230 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3232 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3234 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3236 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3241 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3251 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3257 =item Debugger Internals
3261 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3265 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3267 =item Debugging regular expressions
3271 =item Compile-time output
3273 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3274 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3275 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3278 =item Types of nodes
3280 =item Run-time output
3284 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3288 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3290 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3291 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3294 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3296 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3298 =item B<-DL> details
3302 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3310 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3322 =item Version caveat
3324 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3336 =item What has gone on?
3338 =item Writing good test scripts
3342 =item What's new here?
3344 =item Input and Output Parameters
3346 =item The XSUBPP Program
3348 =item The TYPEMAP file
3350 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3354 =item What has happened here?
3356 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3358 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3360 =item More about XSUB arguments
3362 =item The Argument Stack
3364 =item Extending your Extension
3366 =item Documenting your Extension
3368 =item Installing your Extension
3372 =item New Things in this Example
3376 =item New Things in this Example
3378 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3380 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3382 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3384 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3400 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3412 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3414 =item The Argument Stack
3416 =item The RETVAL Variable
3418 =item The MODULE Keyword
3420 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3422 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3424 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3426 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3428 =item The CODE: Keyword
3430 =item The INIT: Keyword
3432 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3434 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3436 =item Default Parameter Values
3438 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3440 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3442 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3444 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3446 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3448 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3450 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3452 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3454 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3456 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3458 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3460 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3462 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3464 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3466 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3468 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3470 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3472 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3474 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3476 =item The CASE: Keyword
3478 =item The & Unary Operator
3480 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3482 =item Using XS With C++
3484 =item Interface Strategy
3486 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3500 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3512 =item What is an "IV"?
3514 =item Working with SVs
3518 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3520 =item Working with AVs
3522 =item Working with HVs
3524 =item Hash API Extensions
3528 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3530 =item Creating New Variables
3532 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3534 =item Stashes and Globs
3536 =item Double-Typed SVs
3538 =item Magic Variables
3540 =item Assigning Magic
3542 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3546 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3548 =item Localizing changes
3550 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3551 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP
3552 *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char
3553 *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void
3554 *p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>,
3555 C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV
3556 *gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32
3557 maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>,
3558 C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3566 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3568 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3570 =item Memory Allocation
3574 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3578 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3588 =item Examining the tree
3590 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3592 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3594 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3596 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3600 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3602 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3606 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3608 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3610 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3614 =item Internal Functions
3616 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, m, o, j, x
3620 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3622 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3624 =item Source Documentation
3628 =item Unicode Support
3632 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3634 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3636 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3638 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3640 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3642 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3652 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3658 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3660 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3662 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3682 =item Determining the Context
3686 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3692 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3694 =item Passing Parameters
3696 =item Returning a Scalar
3698 =item Returning a list of values
3700 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3702 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3706 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3710 =item Using call_argv
3712 =item Using call_method
3716 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3718 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3720 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3721 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3724 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3726 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3738 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3748 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3749 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3750 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3751 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3755 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3759 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3760 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3768 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3778 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3780 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3782 B<Decryption Filters>
3784 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3786 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3788 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3800 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3808 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3809 B<filter_fetch_value>
3815 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3817 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3827 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3833 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3834 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3835 bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy,
3836 croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER,
3837 eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv,
3838 get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
3839 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
3840 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
3841 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
3842 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3843 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3844 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3845 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number,
3846 MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical,
3847 mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc,
3848 NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share,
3849 newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv,
3850 Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
3851 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace,
3852 PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi,
3853 POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
3854 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
3855 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
3856 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
3857 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
3858 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
3859 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
3860 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
3861 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
3862 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
3863 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV,
3864 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
3865 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
3866 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
3867 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec,
3868 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
3869 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy,
3870 sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
3871 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3872 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3873 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3874 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_true,
3875 sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
3876 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn,
3877 sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, U8 *s, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
3878 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uv, utf8_to_uv_simple, warn, XPUSHi,
3879 XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV,
3880 XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES,
3881 XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION,
3882 XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3890 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3897 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, start_glob
3905 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
3913 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
3914 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
3915 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
3916 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
3917 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
3918 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
3919 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
3920 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
3921 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
3922 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
3926 =item Co-existence with stdio
3928 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
3929 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
3930 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
3931 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
3932 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
3933 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
3939 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
3945 =item Infrastructure
3949 =item Mailing list archives
3951 =item Bug tracking system
3953 =item Regression Tests
3955 Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to
3976 Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs
3980 =item Perl Internals
3986 =item Garbage Collection
3988 =item Reliable signals
3990 Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed
3991 sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN
3993 =item Interpolated regex performance bugs
3995 =item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
3997 =item Make XS easier to use
3999 =item Make embedded Perl easier to use
4001 =item Namespace cleanup
4013 =item A clear division into tutorial and reference
4015 =item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions
4017 =item More tutorials
4019 Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging
4021 =item Include a search tool
4023 =item Include a locate tool
4025 =item Separate function manpages by default
4027 =item Users can't find the manpages
4029 =item Install ALL Documentation
4031 =item Outstanding issues to be documented
4033 =item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
4035 =item Replace man with a perl program
4037 =item Unicode tutorial
4045 =item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2
4047 =item Module versions
4055 VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice
4057 =item Procedural options
4061 =item y2k localtime/gmtime
4063 =item Export File::Find variables
4067 =item Debugger attach/detach
4069 =item Regular Expression debugger
4071 =item Alternative RE Syntax
4073 =item Bundled modules
4079 =item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
4095 =item POSIX on non-POSIX
4097 =item Portable installations
4105 =item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
4107 =item Sort out the spawnvp() mess
4109 =item Work out DLL versioning
4115 =item Would be nice to have
4117 C<pack "(stuff)*">, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled
4118 perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format
4119 BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input
4120 should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun
4121 debugger, lvalue functions
4123 =item Possible pragmas
4135 =item constant function cache
4137 =item foreach(reverse...)
4139 =item Cache eval tree
4143 =item Shrink opcode tables
4145 =item Cache hash value
4147 =item Optimize away @_ where possible
4149 =item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
4151 =item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization
4155 =item Vague possibilities
4157 ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?,
4158 Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real
4159 threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al
4161 =item To Do Or Not To Do
4165 =item Making my() work on "package" variables
4167 =item "or" testing defined not truth
4169 =item "dynamic" lexicals
4171 =item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals"
4187 =item External threads
4193 =item Per-thread GVs
4205 =item Precompiled modules
4209 =item Typed lexicals
4219 =item Cached compilation
4223 =item Recently Finished Tasks
4227 =item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
4233 =item Namespace cleanup
4245 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4251 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4252 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4253 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4254 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4255 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4256 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4257 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4261 =item Keeping in sync
4263 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4264 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4265 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4266 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4268 =item Submitting patches
4270 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4271 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4273 =item Finding Your Way Around
4275 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4277 =item Elements of the interpreter
4279 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4281 =item Internal Variable Types
4287 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4289 =item Millions of Macros
4291 =item Poking at Perl
4293 =item Using a source-level debugger
4295 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4296 finish, 'enter', print
4298 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4304 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4308 =item Rational Software's Purify
4310 =item Purify on Unix
4312 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4316 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4320 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4328 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4336 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4348 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4350 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4354 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4358 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4364 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4366 =item Incompatible Changes
4368 =item Core Enhancements
4370 =item Modules and Pragmata
4376 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4380 =item Utility Changes
4382 =item New Documentation
4384 =item Performance Enhancements
4386 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4390 =item Generic Improvements
4394 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4398 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4402 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4404 =item Changed Internals
4406 =item Known Problems
4410 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4412 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4414 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4416 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4418 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4420 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4422 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4424 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4426 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4428 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4430 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4434 =item Reporting Bugs
4442 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4448 =item Core Enhancements
4452 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4454 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4456 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4458 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4460 =item "our" declarations
4462 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4464 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4466 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4468 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4470 =item open() with more than two arguments
4472 =item 64-bit support
4474 =item Large file support
4480 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4482 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4484 =item File globbing implemented internally
4486 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4488 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4490 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4492 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4494 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4496 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4498 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4500 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4502 =item Comments in pack() templates
4504 =item Weak references
4506 =item Binary numbers supported
4508 =item Lvalue subroutines
4510 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4512 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4514 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4516 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4518 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4520 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4522 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4524 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4526 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4528 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4530 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4532 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4534 =item Improved diagnostics
4536 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4538 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4540 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4542 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4544 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4546 =item Improved security features
4548 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4550 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4552 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4554 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4556 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4558 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4560 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
4564 =item Modules and Pragmata
4570 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
4571 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
4572 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
4573 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
4574 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
4575 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
4576 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
4577 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
4583 =item Utility Changes
4597 =item The Perl Debugger
4601 =item Improved Documentation
4603 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
4604 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
4605 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
4606 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
4608 =item Performance enhancements
4612 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
4614 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
4616 =item Faster subroutine calls
4618 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
4622 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4626 =item -Dusethreads means something different
4628 =item New Configure flags
4630 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
4636 =item -Duselargefiles
4638 =item installusrbinperl
4644 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
4648 =item Platform specific changes
4652 =item Supported platforms
4656 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
4664 =item Significant bug fixes
4668 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
4670 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
4672 =item All compilation errors are true errors
4674 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
4676 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
4678 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
4680 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
4682 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
4684 =item Failures in DESTROY()
4686 =item Locale bugs fixed
4690 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
4692 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
4694 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
4696 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
4700 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4702 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
4703 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
4704 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
4705 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
4706 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
4707 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
4708 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
4709 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
4710 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
4711 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
4712 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
4713 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
4714 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
4715 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
4716 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
4717 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
4718 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
4719 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
4720 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
4721 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
4722 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
4723 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
4724 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
4725 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
4726 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
4727 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
4728 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
4729 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
4730 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
4731 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
4732 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
4733 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
4734 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
4735 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
4736 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
4737 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
4738 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
4739 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
4740 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
4741 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
4742 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
4743 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
4744 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
4745 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
4746 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
4747 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
4748 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
4749 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
4750 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
4751 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
4755 =item Incompatible Changes
4759 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
4761 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
4762 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
4763 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
4764 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
4765 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
4766 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
4767 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
4768 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
4769 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
4770 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
4771 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
4773 =item C Source Incompatibilities
4775 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
4777 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
4779 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
4781 =item Binary Incompatibilities
4785 =item Known Problems
4789 =item Thread test failures
4791 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
4793 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
4795 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
4797 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
4800 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
4802 =item Arrow operator and arrays
4804 =item Experimental features
4806 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
4807 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
4808 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
4812 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
4814 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
4815 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
4816 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
4817 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
4819 =item Reporting Bugs
4827 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
4833 =item About the new versioning system
4835 =item Incompatible Changes
4839 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
4841 =item Default installation structure has changed
4843 =item Perl Source Compatibility
4845 =item C Source Compatibility
4847 =item Binary Compatibility
4849 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
4851 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
4865 =item Regular Expressions
4867 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
4868 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
4869 improvements, Incompatible changes
4871 =item Improved malloc()
4873 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
4875 =item Reliable signals
4877 =item Reliable stack pointers
4879 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
4883 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
4885 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
4887 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
4889 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
4891 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
4893 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
4895 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
4897 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
4899 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
4901 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
4903 =item Better locale support
4905 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
4907 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
4909 =item Extended support for exception handling
4911 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
4913 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
4915 =item New C<INIT> keyword
4917 =item New C<lock> keyword
4919 =item New C<qr//> operator
4921 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
4923 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
4925 =item Tied handles support is better
4927 =item 4th argument to substr
4929 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
4931 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
4933 =item <> now reads in records
4937 =item Supported Platforms
4943 =item Changes in existing support
4947 =item Modules and Pragmata
4953 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
4954 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
4955 Thread, attrs, fields, re
4957 =item Changes in existing modules
4959 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
4960 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark
4964 =item Utility Changes
4966 =item Documentation Changes
4968 =item New Diagnostics
4970 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
4971 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
4972 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
4973 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
4974 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
4975 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
4976 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
4977 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
4978 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
4979 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
4980 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
4981 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
4982 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
4983 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
4984 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
4985 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
4986 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
4988 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
4990 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
4991 temporary file, regexp too big
4993 =item Configuration Changes
5003 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5009 =item Supported Environments
5015 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5017 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5019 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5021 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5023 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5025 =item More precise warnings
5027 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5029 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5031 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5033 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5035 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5037 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5039 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5041 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5043 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5045 =item Changes to tainting checks
5047 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5048 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5050 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5052 =item Embedding improvements
5054 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5056 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5058 =item New and changed syntax
5062 =item New and changed builtin constants
5066 =item New and changed builtin variables
5070 =item New and changed builtin functions
5072 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5073 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5074 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5075 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5076 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5078 =item New builtin methods
5080 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5082 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5084 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5085 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5087 =item Malloc enhancements
5089 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5091 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5095 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5111 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5112 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5118 =item Required Updates
5120 =item Installation directories
5122 =item Module information summary
5136 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5140 =item Utility Changes
5146 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5150 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5154 =item C Language API Changes
5156 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5159 =item Documentation Changes
5161 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5162 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5164 =item New Diagnostics
5166 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5167 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5168 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5169 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5170 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5171 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5172 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5173 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5174 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5175 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5176 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5177 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5178 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5179 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5180 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5181 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5182 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5183 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5184 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5185 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5186 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5187 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5188 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5189 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5190 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5200 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5208 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5212 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5214 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5216 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5218 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5224 =item GDBM and Threads
5226 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5236 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5252 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5254 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5256 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5262 =item Accessing documentation
5270 =item B<GNU> C<info> files
5282 =item Getting the perl source
5286 sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib
5290 =item Installing the built perl
5300 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5310 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5312 =item Cygwin Configuration
5314 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5322 =item Strip Binaries
5324 =item Optional Libraries
5326 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5327 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5329 =item Configure-time Options
5331 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5332 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5334 =item Suspicious Warnings
5336 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5354 =item File Permissions
5358 =item Filetime Granularity
5360 =item Tainting Checks
5364 =item Script Portability
5366 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5374 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5375 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5385 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
5399 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
5409 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES
5415 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules
5417 =item Building Non-XS Modules
5419 =item Building XS Modules
5429 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5437 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5439 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5443 =item IO Redirection
5453 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5457 =item SUPPORT STATUS
5465 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5474 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5484 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5486 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5488 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5490 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5496 =item GDBM and Threads
5498 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5500 =item perl -P and //
5510 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
5519 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
5521 =item Failures during C<make test>
5523 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
5525 =item Building external modules
5535 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
5543 =item System Requirements
5545 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
5547 =item Distribution Contents Highlights
5549 README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6
5551 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
5553 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
5555 =item Change History
5559 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
5579 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
5581 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
5583 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
5587 =item Frequently asked questions
5591 =item I cannot run external programs
5593 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
5596 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
5599 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
5601 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
5609 =item Automatic binary installation
5611 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
5613 =item Manual binary installation
5615 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
5616 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
5617 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
5618 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
5619 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
5625 =item Accessing documentation
5629 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
5637 =item GNU C<info> files
5651 =item Getting perl source
5653 =item Application of the patches
5661 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
5662 F<lib/io_pipe.t>, F<lib/io_sock.t>, F<op/stat.t>, F<lib/io_udp.t>
5664 =item Installing the built perl
5666 =item C<a.out>-style build
5674 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
5676 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
5678 =item Problems with tr or sed
5680 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
5682 =item Library ... not found
5684 =item Segfault in make
5686 =item op/sprintf test failure
5690 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
5694 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
5698 =item C<extproc> on the first line
5700 =item Additional modules:
5702 =item Prebuilt methods:
5704 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
5705 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
5706 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
5707 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
5708 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
5709 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>
5715 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<flock>
5729 =item F<perl___.exe>
5731 =item Why strange names?
5733 =item Why dynamic linking?
5735 =item Why chimera build?
5737 explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|"
5745 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
5747 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
5749 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
5751 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
5753 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
5755 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
5765 =item DLL name mangling
5769 =item Calls to external programs
5771 =item Memory allocation
5775 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
5789 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
5801 =item Setup and utilities
5805 =item Build, test, install
5807 =item build anomalies
5809 =item testing anomalies
5813 =item Modules and Extensions
5831 =head2 perlposix-bc, README.posix-bc - building and installing Perl for
5872 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
5880 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
5886 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
5892 =item File Extraction Problems.
5894 =item Compiler and Related Tools.
5900 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
5904 =item 64-bit Issues.
5908 =item Malloc Issues.
5912 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
5914 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
5915 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
5916 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
5922 =item op/stat.t test 4
5926 =item PREBUILT BINARIES.
5928 =item RUNTIME ISSUES.
5932 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files.
5936 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
5938 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
5942 =item Proc::ProcessTable
5956 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
5964 =item Organization of Perl Images
5970 =item Perl Extensions
5972 =item Installing static extensions
5974 =item Installing dynamic extensions
5978 =item File specifications
5984 =item Wildcard expansion
5990 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
5996 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
5998 =item Command line switches
6004 =item Perl functions
6006 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6007 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6008 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6009 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6011 =item Perl variables
6013 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|
6015 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6029 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6037 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6041 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6045 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6047 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6051 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6055 =item Unimplemented Features
6061 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6069 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
6081 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
6091 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
6092 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
6093 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
6097 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
6101 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
6102 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
6103 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
6111 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6113 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6125 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6135 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6145 =item Built-in Attributes
6147 locked, method, lvalue
6149 =item Available Subroutines
6153 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6155 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6157 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6165 =item Default exports
6167 =item Available exports
6169 =item Export tags defined
6179 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6191 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6207 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6221 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6235 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6248 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6257 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6263 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6273 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6283 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6294 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6296 =item The I<splain> Program
6310 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6324 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6334 =item subpragma access
6340 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
6351 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
6361 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
6371 =item Adding directories to @INC
6373 =item Deleting directories from @INC
6375 =item Restoring original @INC
6385 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
6396 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
6404 =item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY
6410 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
6422 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
6432 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
6434 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
6436 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
6438 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
6440 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
6442 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
6444 =item Overloadable Operations
6446 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
6447 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
6448 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
6450 =item Inheritance and overloading
6452 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
6453 is inherited by derived classes
6457 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
6465 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
6467 =item Copy Constructor
6473 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
6475 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
6476 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
6477 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
6480 =item Losing overloading
6482 =item Run-time Overloading
6484 =item Public functions
6486 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
6488 =item Overloading constants
6490 integer, float, binary, q, qr
6492 =item IMPLEMENTATION
6494 =item Metaphor clash
6500 =item Two-face scalars
6502 =item Two-face references
6504 =item Symbolic calculator
6506 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
6514 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
6515 type, `%s' is not a code reference
6521 =head2 perlio - perl pragma to configure C level IO
6533 =item Defaults and how to override them
6541 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6551 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
6563 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
6565 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
6569 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
6573 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
6581 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
6589 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
6593 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
6603 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
6616 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code
6628 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
6638 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
6646 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
6647 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
6648 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
6649 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
6650 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
6654 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
6656 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
6658 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
6668 =item DBM Comparisons
6678 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
6688 =item Subroutine Stubs
6690 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6692 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6694 =item Package Lexicals
6696 =item Not Using AutoLoader
6698 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
6708 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
6716 $keep, $check, $modtime
6720 =item Multiple packages
6728 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
6736 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
6740 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
6748 IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv
6762 =item B::PVMG METHODS
6766 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
6768 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
6770 =item B::PVLV METHODS
6772 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
6776 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
6780 is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE,
6781 FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
6785 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
6786 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
6790 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
6794 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
6799 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
6801 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
6805 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
6807 =item B::UNOP METHOD
6811 =item B::BINOP METHOD
6815 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
6819 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
6823 =item B::PMOP METHODS
6825 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
6827 =item B::SVOP METHOD
6831 =item B::PADOP METHOD
6835 =item B::PVOP METHOD
6839 =item B::LOOP METHODS
6841 redoop, nextop, lastop
6843 =item B::COP METHODS
6845 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
6849 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
6851 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
6852 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
6853 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM),
6854 hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
6860 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
6873 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
6885 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
6897 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
6907 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
6908 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
6909 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> Stores package in the
6920 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
6930 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
6931 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
6941 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
6951 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
6952 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
6953 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
6965 =item Context of ".."
6969 =item Deprecated features
6977 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
6987 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
6988 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
6989 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
6991 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
6993 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
6994 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
6995 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
6996 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
6997 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
6998 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
6999 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7000 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7006 =item OP flags abbreviations
7008 =item OP class abbreviations
7016 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7028 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7038 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7039 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7041 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7061 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7073 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7081 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7083 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7084 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7086 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7096 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7106 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7112 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7124 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7136 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7138 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7150 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7160 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7168 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7180 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7194 =item Standard Exports
7196 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7197 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7198 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7200 =item Optional Exports
7202 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7203 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7204 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7220 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7224 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7238 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7248 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7249 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7250 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> Stores package in the
7261 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7273 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7275 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7277 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7279 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7281 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7283 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7285 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7287 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7289 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7291 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7293 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7295 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7297 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7299 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7301 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7303 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7305 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7307 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7308 B<:standard>, B<:all>
7312 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls,
7313 -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles
7315 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
7317 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
7318 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
7323 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
7327 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
7329 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
7331 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
7333 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
7335 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
7337 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
7339 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
7341 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
7342 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
7344 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
7348 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
7352 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
7354 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
7356 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
7358 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
7360 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
7362 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
7363 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
7365 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
7369 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
7373 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
7375 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
7377 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
7379 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
7383 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
7385 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
7387 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
7391 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
7393 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
7397 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
7401 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
7405 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
7409 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
7413 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
7415 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
7417 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
7421 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
7425 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
7431 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
7432 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
7434 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
7436 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
7437 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
7440 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
7446 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
7450 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
7452 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
7453 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
7454 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
7455 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
7456 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
7458 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
7460 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
7465 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end()
7467 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
7469 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
7470 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
7472 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
7474 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7478 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
7479 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
7480 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
7481 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
7482 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
7483 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
7484 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
7485 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
7486 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
7487 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
7488 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
7489 ...and many many more..
7491 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
7499 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
7509 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7517 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
7526 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
7528 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
7532 =item Changing the default message
7536 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
7546 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
7554 =item USING CGI::Cookie
7556 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
7560 =item Creating New Cookies
7562 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
7564 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
7566 =item Manipulating Cookies
7568 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
7572 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7580 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
7588 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
7590 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
7592 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
7594 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
7598 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7606 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
7616 =item Tags that won't be formatted
7618 =item Customizing the Indenting
7630 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
7638 =item USING CGI::Push
7640 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
7644 =item Heterogeneous Pages
7646 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
7650 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
7652 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7660 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
7670 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7678 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
7688 =item Interactive Mode
7690 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
7691 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
7692 distribution, Signals
7700 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
7702 =item Programmer's interface
7704 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
7706 =item Methods in the other Classes
7708 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
7709 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
7710 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
7711 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
7712 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
7713 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
7714 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
7715 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
7716 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
7717 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
7718 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
7719 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
7720 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
7721 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
7722 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
7723 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
7724 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
7725 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
7726 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
7727 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
7728 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
7729 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
7730 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
7731 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
7732 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
7733 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
7741 =item Finding packages and VERSION
7745 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
7751 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
7752 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
7753 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
7754 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
7758 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
7760 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
7768 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
7770 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
7774 =item Three basic types of firewalls
7776 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
7778 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
7784 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
7794 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
7804 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
7817 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
7827 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
7835 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
7837 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
7847 =item The C<struct()> function
7849 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
7851 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
7853 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
7854 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
7856 =item Initializing with C<new>
7862 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
7864 =item Author and Modification History
7868 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
7876 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
7888 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
7892 C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>,
7893 C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>,
7894 C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk>
7898 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
7899 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
7903 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
7904 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
7905 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
7906 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>
7910 C<CONFIGDOTSH>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>,
7911 C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>,
7912 C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
7916 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
7917 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
7918 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
7919 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
7920 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>,
7921 C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
7922 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
7923 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
7924 C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
7925 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
7926 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_fork>,
7927 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>,
7928 C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>,
7929 C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>,
7930 C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
7931 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getlogin>,
7932 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
7933 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
7934 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
7935 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>,
7936 C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
7937 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>,
7938 C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>, C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>,
7939 C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
7940 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>,
7941 C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>,
7942 C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>,
7943 C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>,
7944 C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>,
7945 C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
7946 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
7947 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>,
7948 C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
7949 C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
7950 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
7951 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
7952 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
7953 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
7954 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>,
7955 C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>,
7956 C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>,
7957 C<d_readlink>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
7958 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
7959 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
7960 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
7961 C<d_semop>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>,
7962 C<d_sethent>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>,
7963 C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>,
7964 C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
7965 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
7966 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
7967 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
7968 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>,
7969 C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_statblks>,
7970 C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>,
7971 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
7972 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
7973 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
7974 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
7975 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
7976 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>,
7977 C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
7978 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>,
7979 C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
7980 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
7981 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
7982 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
7983 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>,
7984 C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
7988 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
7989 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
7993 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
7994 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
7998 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
7999 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8003 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8007 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8008 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8009 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8010 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
8011 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
8012 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8013 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8014 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8015 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8016 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8017 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8018 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8019 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8020 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8021 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8022 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8023 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8024 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8025 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8026 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8027 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8028 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8029 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8034 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8038 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8039 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8040 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8041 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8042 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8043 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8047 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8048 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8049 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8053 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8054 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8058 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8059 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8060 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8061 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8065 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8066 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8070 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8075 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8076 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8077 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8078 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8082 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8086 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8087 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm>
8091 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8092 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8093 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8094 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<signal_t>,
8095 C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>,
8096 C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>,
8097 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
8098 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
8099 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
8100 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
8101 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
8102 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
8103 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
8104 C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8108 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
8109 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8113 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8114 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8115 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8116 C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>,
8117 C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>,
8118 C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>,
8119 C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>,
8120 C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>,
8121 C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8125 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8126 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8127 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8131 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8143 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
8153 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8165 =item Global Variables
8167 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8168 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8173 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8174 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8176 =item Client Callback Methods
8178 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8179 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8180 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8190 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8198 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8202 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8204 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8206 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8208 =item Default Parameters
8210 =item In Memory Databases
8218 =item A Simple Example
8226 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8228 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8230 =item The get_dup() Method
8232 =item The find_dup() Method
8234 =item The del_dup() Method
8236 =item Matching Partial Keys
8244 =item The 'bval' Option
8246 =item A Simple Example
8248 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8250 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8251 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
8253 =item Another Example
8257 =item THE API INTERFACE
8259 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8260 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8261 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
8262 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
8266 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
8267 B<filter_fetch_value>
8273 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
8275 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
8279 =item HINTS AND TIPS
8283 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
8285 =item Safe ways to lock a database
8287 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
8289 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
8291 =item The untie() Gotcha
8295 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
8299 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
8301 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
8303 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
8305 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
8325 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
8326 printing and C<eval>
8338 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
8339 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
8340 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
8347 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
8349 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8350 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8351 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8352 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8353 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8354 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8355 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8356 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8357 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8358 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8359 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8360 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
8380 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
8388 =item PROFILE FORMAT
8400 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
8410 =item Memory footprint debugging
8418 =item A simple scalar string
8420 =item A simple scalar number
8422 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
8424 =item A reference to a simple scalar
8426 =item A reference to an array
8428 =item A reference to a hash
8430 =item Dumping a large array or hash
8432 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
8434 =item A reference to a subroutine
8448 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
8458 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
8468 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
8480 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
8481 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
8482 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
8487 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
8488 veryCompact, set, get
8494 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
8502 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
8503 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
8504 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
8505 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
8512 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
8525 =head2 Encode - character encodings
8535 =item chars With Encoding
8537 =item Testing For UTF-8
8539 =item Toggling UTF-8-ness
8541 =item UTF-16 and UTF-32 Encodings
8543 =item Handling Malformed Data
8547 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
8548 of the Encode extension
8554 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8562 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
8568 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8576 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
8589 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
8604 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
8620 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
8632 =item Selecting What To Export
8634 =item Specialised Import Lists
8636 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
8638 =item Module Version Checking
8640 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
8642 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
8648 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
8658 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
8679 mv source... destination
8681 cp source... destination
8699 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
8711 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
8712 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
8722 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
8732 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
8744 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
8745 packlist(), version()
8753 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
8761 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
8767 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
8777 =item VMS implementation
8779 =item Win32 implementation
8787 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
8796 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
8800 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
8811 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
8823 =item Preloaded methods
8843 =item SelfLoaded methods
8889 file_name_is_absolute
8895 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
8935 maybe_command_in_dirs
8973 replace_manpage_separator
8987 test_via_harness (o)
9017 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9028 =item Methods always loaded
9040 =item SelfLoaded methods
9042 guess_name (override)
9046 find_perl (override)
9050 maybe_command (override)
9052 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
9054 perl_script (override)
9056 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9058 replace_manpage_separator
9060 init_others (override)
9062 constants (override)
9066 const_cccmd (override)
9068 pm_to_blib (override)
9070 tool_autosplit (override)
9072 tool_sxubpp (override)
9074 xsubpp_version (override)
9076 tools_other (override)
9086 top_targets (override)
9090 dynamic_lib (override)
9092 dynamic_bs (override)
9094 static_lib (override)
9096 manifypods (override)
9098 processPL (override)
9100 installbin (override)
9106 realclean (override)
9108 dist_basics (override)
9110 dist_core (override)
9114 dist_test (override)
9118 perldepend (override)
9124 test_via_harness (override)
9126 test_via_script (override)
9128 makeaperl (override)
9132 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9159 test_via_harness (o)
9161 tool_autosplit (override)
9179 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
9189 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
9191 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
9199 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
9203 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
9205 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
9207 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
9209 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
9211 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
9212 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
9213 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
9214 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
9215 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
9216 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
9217 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
9218 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
9219 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
9220 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
9221 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
9222 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
9223 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
9224 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
9225 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
9227 =item Additional lowercase attributes
9229 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
9232 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
9234 =item Hintsfile support
9236 =item Distribution Support
9238 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
9239 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
9240 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
9242 =item Disabling an extension
9256 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
9268 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
9272 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
9273 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
9277 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
9285 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
9297 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
9307 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
9316 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
9324 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
9336 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
9344 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
9354 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
9366 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
9376 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
9380 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
9388 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
9392 C<basename>, C<dirname>
9396 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
9406 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
9420 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
9430 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
9432 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
9442 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
9450 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
9462 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
9470 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
9471 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>,
9472 C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
9478 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
9486 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>, C<GLOB_NOSORT>,
9487 C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>, C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>
9491 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
9499 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
9511 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
9525 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
9559 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
9577 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
9605 file_name_is_absolute
9625 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
9635 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
9667 file_name_is_absolute
9689 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
9705 =item Methods always loaded
9707 canonpath (override)
9725 case_tolerant (override)
9729 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9731 splitpath (override)
9747 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
9777 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
9801 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
9815 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
9825 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
9833 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
9841 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
9843 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
9855 =item Temporary files and NFS
9867 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
9881 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
9893 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
9901 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
9907 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
9931 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
9937 use Filter::Util::Call ;
9943 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
9947 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
9949 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
9957 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
9959 =item Example 2: Using the context
9961 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
9963 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
9973 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
9981 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
9991 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
10007 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
10015 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
10017 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
10021 =item Simple options
10023 =item A little bit less simple options
10025 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
10027 =item Options with values
10029 =item Options with multiple values
10031 =item Options with hash values
10033 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
10035 =item Options with multiple names
10037 =item Case and abbreviations
10039 =item Summary of Option Specifications
10041 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
10045 =item Advanced Possibilities
10049 =item Object oriented interface
10051 =item Documentation and help texts
10053 =item Storing options in a hash
10057 =item The lonesome dash
10059 =item Argument call-back
10063 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
10065 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
10066 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
10067 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
10068 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
10069 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
10071 =item Return values and Errors
10077 =item Default destinations
10079 =item Alternative option starters
10081 =item Configuration variables
10085 =item Trouble Shooting
10089 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
10091 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
10098 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
10102 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
10113 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
10124 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
10134 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
10142 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10143 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10153 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10163 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10167 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10175 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
10185 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10189 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10190 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10191 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10192 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10204 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10214 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10218 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10228 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10238 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10239 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10249 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
10257 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10258 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10265 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
10275 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10279 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10280 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10281 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10291 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
10305 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
10306 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
10316 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
10332 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10345 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
10359 hostpath(), peerpath()
10369 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
10378 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10379 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10389 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10399 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10403 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10411 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
10422 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10426 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10427 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10428 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10429 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10441 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10451 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10455 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10465 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10475 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10476 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10486 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
10495 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10496 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10503 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
10514 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10518 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10519 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10520 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10530 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
10545 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
10546 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
10556 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
10557 AF_INET domain sockets
10573 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10586 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
10587 AF_UNIX domain sockets
10601 hostpath(), peerpath()
10611 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10621 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10622 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10633 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
10647 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
10660 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
10670 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10671 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10672 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10683 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
10701 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10711 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10712 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10723 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
10734 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10735 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10736 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10747 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
10755 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
10764 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
10772 Canonical notation, Input, Output
10776 =item Autocreating constants
10784 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
10797 =item STRINGIFICATION
10801 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
10807 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
10809 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
10817 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
10825 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
10831 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
10833 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
10837 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
10839 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
10843 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
10845 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
10847 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
10848 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
10852 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES
10862 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
10868 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
10874 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
10878 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
10882 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
10894 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
10895 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
10905 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
10922 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
10939 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
10954 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
10971 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
10981 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10987 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
10993 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
10999 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11003 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11007 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
11019 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
11021 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
11022 or optag, an operator set (opset)
11024 =item Opcode Functions
11026 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
11027 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
11028 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
11031 =item Manipulating Opsets
11033 =item TO DO (maybe)
11039 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
11041 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
11042 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
11043 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
11052 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
11061 a new namespace, an operator mask
11067 =item RECENT CHANGES
11069 =item Methods in class Safe
11071 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
11072 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
11073 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
11074 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
11076 =item Some Safety Issues
11078 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
11086 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
11099 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
11113 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
11114 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
11115 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
11116 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
11117 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
11118 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
11119 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
11120 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
11121 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
11122 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
11123 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
11124 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
11125 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
11126 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
11127 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
11128 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
11129 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
11130 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
11131 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
11132 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
11133 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
11134 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
11135 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
11136 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
11137 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
11144 =item POSIX::SigAction
11148 =item POSIX::SigSet
11150 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
11152 =item POSIX::Termios
11154 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
11155 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
11156 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
11157 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
11158 values, c_oflag field values
11162 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
11166 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
11170 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
11228 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
11234 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
11240 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
11252 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
11253 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
11254 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
11255 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
11256 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
11257 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
11258 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
11259 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
11264 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
11265 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, No numeric
11266 argument for =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item
11267 paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one> vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped
11268 C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument
11269 for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME
11274 collapsing newlines to blanks, ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in
11275 link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains
11288 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
11290 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
11293 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
11295 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
11297 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
11299 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
11301 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
11309 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
11321 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
11323 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
11330 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
11336 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
11338 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
11345 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
11357 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
11367 backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile,
11368 libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title,
11383 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
11396 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
11397 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
11403 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
11427 =item B<was_cutting()>
11433 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
11439 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
11445 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11451 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
11457 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11463 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
11469 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
11475 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
11481 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
11487 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
11493 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
11499 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11505 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
11511 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
11517 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
11523 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11529 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
11535 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
11541 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
11547 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
11553 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
11559 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
11565 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
11571 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
11577 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
11583 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
11589 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
11595 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11601 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
11613 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
11625 =item OBJECT METHODS
11633 =item Data Accessors
11649 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
11651 B<StartWithNewPage>
11665 =item Subclassed methods
11679 B<interior_sequence>
11695 =item Methods for headings
11703 =item Internal methods
11709 B<_replace_special_chars>
11715 B<_clean_latex_commands>
11731 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
11739 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
11744 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
11745 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
11746 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
11747 line %d, Unmatched =back
11757 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
11771 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
11779 $list-E<gt>indent()
11787 $list-E<gt>parent()
11793 =item Pod::Hyperlink
11795 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
11799 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
11801 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
11805 $link-E<gt>warning()
11807 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
11813 $link-E<gt>alttext()
11823 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
11829 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
11833 =item Pod::Cache::Item
11835 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
11839 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
11841 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
11843 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
11845 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
11847 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
11849 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
11851 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
11861 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
11873 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
11875 =item PARSING OPTIONS
11877 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
11878 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
11884 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
11892 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
11898 =item B<verbatim()>
11900 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
11906 =item B<textblock()>
11908 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
11914 =item B<interior_sequence()>
11920 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
11932 =item B<initialize()>
11938 =item B<begin_pod()>
11944 =item B<begin_input()>
11950 =item B<end_input()>
11962 =item B<preprocess_line()>
11968 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
11974 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
11980 =item B<parse_text()>
11982 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
11983 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
11984 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
11990 =item B<interpolate()>
11996 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
12002 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
12008 =item B<parse_from_file()>
12014 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
12020 =item B<errorsub()>
12032 =item B<parseopts()>
12038 =item B<output_file()>
12044 =item B<output_handle()>
12050 =item B<input_file()>
12056 =item B<input_handle()>
12062 =item B<input_streams()>
12068 =item B<top_stream()>
12074 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12080 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
12086 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
12092 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
12100 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
12120 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
12133 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
12135 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
12141 =item OBJECT METHODS
12147 =item B<curr_headings()>
12159 =item B<add_selection()>
12165 =item B<clear_selections()>
12171 =item B<match_section()>
12177 =item B<is_selected()>
12183 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
12189 =item B<podselect()>
12191 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
12197 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12203 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
12209 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
12215 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
12227 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
12235 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
12239 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
12240 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
12241 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
12253 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
12269 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
12286 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
12287 text with format escapes
12301 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
12310 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
12319 =item Recommended Use
12327 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
12331 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
12339 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12345 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12349 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12353 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
12361 a new namespace, an operator mask
12367 =item RECENT CHANGES
12369 =item Methods in class Safe
12371 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
12372 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
12373 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
12374 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
12376 =item Some Safety Issues
12378 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
12386 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
12396 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
12406 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
12416 =item The __DATA__ token
12418 =item SelfLoader autoloading
12420 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
12422 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
12424 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
12426 =item Classes and inherited methods.
12430 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
12434 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
12444 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
12452 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
12453 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
12461 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
12462 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
12463 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
12464 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
12465 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
12469 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
12479 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
12483 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
12485 =item ERROR REPORTING
12493 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
12498 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
12499 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
12523 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
12533 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
12545 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
12546 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
12554 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
12555 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
12566 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
12567 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
12575 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
12576 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
12587 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
12597 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
12598 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
12609 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
12621 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
12629 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
12639 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
12640 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
12648 =item Minimal set of supported functions
12650 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
12651 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
12653 =item Additional supported functions
12655 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
12663 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
12673 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
12685 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
12695 =item The test script output
12703 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
12704 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
12705 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
12706 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
12718 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
12730 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
12745 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
12762 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
12777 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
12791 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
12802 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
12803 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
12804 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
12808 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
12816 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
12824 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
12826 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
12832 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
12840 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
12842 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
12846 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
12858 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
12868 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
12876 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
12877 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
12878 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
12879 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
12887 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
12896 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
12897 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
12898 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
12899 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
12901 =item MORE INFORMATION
12903 =item COMPATIBILITY
12907 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
12915 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
12916 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
12920 =item MORE INFORMATION
12924 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
12942 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
12951 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
12953 =item MORE INFORMATION
12957 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
12969 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
12977 =item IMPLEMENTATION
12983 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
12998 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
13013 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
13025 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
13033 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
13034 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
13038 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
13053 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
13064 =item System Specifics
13078 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
13086 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
13088 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
13089 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
13090 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
13091 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
13092 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
13093 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
13094 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
13095 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
13096 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
13097 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
13098 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
13099 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
13100 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
13101 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
13102 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
13103 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
13109 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
13121 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
13123 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
13124 don't all have manual pages yet:
13150 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles