2 # !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
3 # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
4 # Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
8 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
12 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
13 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
14 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
16 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
18 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
30 =item Reference Manual
32 =item Internals and C Language Interface
36 =item Language-Specific
38 =item Platform-Specific
62 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
72 =item Running Perl programs
76 =item Basic syntax overview
78 =item Perl variable types
80 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
82 =item Variable scoping
84 =item Conditional and looping constructs
86 if, while, for, foreach
88 =item Builtin operators and functions
90 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
95 =item Regular expressions
97 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
98 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
100 =item Writing subroutines
104 =item Using Perl modules
112 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
118 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
126 =item Making References
128 =item Using References
146 =item Distribution Conditions
152 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
158 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
159 more elaborate constructs
162 X<reference> X<dereference> X<dereferencing> X<pointer>
164 =item COMMON MISTAKES
166 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
167 X<dereference, precedence> X<dereferencing, precedence>
169 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
172 X<data structure, debugging> X<complex data structure, debugging>
173 X<AoA, debugging> X<HoA, debugging> X<AoH, debugging> X<HoH, debugging>
174 X<array of arrays, debugging> X<hash of arrays, debugging>
175 X<array of hashes, debugging> X<hash of hashes, debugging>
179 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
180 X<array of arrays> X<AoA>
184 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
186 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
188 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
192 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
193 X<hash of arrays> X<HoA>
197 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
199 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
201 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
205 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
206 X<array of hashes> X<AoH>
210 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
212 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
214 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
218 =item HASHES OF HASHES
219 X<hass of hashes> X<HoH>
223 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
225 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
227 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
231 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
232 X<record> X<structure> X<struct>
236 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
238 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
240 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
252 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
260 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
262 =item Growing Your Own
264 =item Access and Printing
276 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
286 =item Simple word matching
288 =item Using character classes
290 =item Matching this or that
292 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
294 =item Extracting matches
296 =item Matching repetitions
300 =item Search and replace
302 =item The split operator
310 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
314 =item Acknowledgments
320 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
326 =item Part 1: The basics
330 =item Simple word matching
332 =item Using character classes
334 =item Matching this or that
336 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
338 =item Extracting matches
342 =item Relative backreferences
344 =item Named backreferences
346 =item Alternative capture group numbering
348 =item Position information
350 =item Non-capturing groupings
352 =item Matching repetitions
354 =item Possessive quantifiers
356 =item Building a regexp
358 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
362 =item Part 2: Power tools
366 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
368 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
370 =item Composing regular expressions at runtime
372 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
374 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
376 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
378 =item Conditional expressions
380 =item Defining named patterns
382 =item Recursive patterns
384 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
386 =item Backtracking control verbs
388 =item Pragmas and debugging
396 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
400 =item Acknowledgments
406 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
414 =item If we could talk to the animals...
416 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
418 =item Invoking a barnyard
420 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
422 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
424 =item Inheriting the windpipes
426 =item A few notes about @ISA
428 =item Overriding the methods
430 =item Starting the search from a different place
432 =item The SUPER way of doing things
434 =item Where we're at so far...
436 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
438 =item Invoking an instance method
440 =item Accessing the instance data
442 =item How to build a horse
444 =item Inheriting the constructor
446 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
448 =item Adding parameters to a method
450 =item More interesting instances
452 =item A horse of a different color
464 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
470 =item Creating a Class
474 =item Object Representation
476 =item Class Interface
478 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
480 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
484 =item Other Object Methods
492 =item Accessing Class Data
494 =item Debugging Methods
496 =item Class Destructors
498 =item Documenting the Interface
508 =item Overridden Methods
510 =item Multiple Inheritance
512 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
514 =item Deeper UNIVERSAL details
518 =item Alternate Object Representations
522 =item Arrays as Objects
524 =item Closures as Objects
528 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
532 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
534 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
538 =item Metaclassical Tools
544 =item Data Members as Variables
552 =item Object Terminology
558 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
564 =item Acknowledgments
570 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
576 =item Class Data in a Can
578 =item Class Data as Package Variables
582 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
584 =item Inheritance Concerns
586 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
588 =item Indirect References to Class Data
590 =item Monadic Classes
592 =item Translucent Attributes
596 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
600 =item Privacy and Responsibility
602 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
604 =item More Inheritance Concerns
606 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
608 =item Translucency Revisited
616 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
618 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
624 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
630 =item OO SCALING TIPS
632 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
634 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
636 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
638 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
640 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
642 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
644 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
646 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
648 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
656 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
664 =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
676 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
684 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
702 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
704 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
705 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
706 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
707 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
709 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
711 Symbols starting with "_" no longer forced into main, Double-colon valid
712 package separator in variable name, 2nd and 3rd args to C<splice()> are now
713 in scalar context, Can't do C<goto> into a block that is optimized away,
714 Can't use whitespace as variable name or quote delimiter, C<while/if BLOCK
715 BLOCK> gone, C<**> binds tighter than unary minus, C<foreach> changed when
716 iterating over a list, C<split> with no args behavior changed, B<-e>
717 behavior fixed, C<push> returns number of elements in resulting list, Some
718 error messages differ, C<split()> honors subroutine args, Bugs removed
722 Space between . and = triggers syntax error, Better parsing in perl 5,
723 Function parsing, String interpolation of C<$#array> differs, Perl guesses
724 on C<map>, C<grep> followed by C<{> if it starts BLOCK or hash ref
726 =item Numerical Traps
728 Formatted output and significant digits, Auto-increment operator over
729 signed int limit deleted, Assignment of return values from numeric equality
730 tests doesn't work, Bitwise string ops
732 =item General data type traps
734 Negative array subscripts now count from the end of array, Setting
735 C<$#array> lower now discards array elements, Hashes get defined before
736 use, Glob assignment from localized variable to variable, Assigning
737 C<undef> to glob, Changes in unary negation (of strings), Modifying of
738 constants prohibited, C<defined $var> behavior changed, Variable Suicide
740 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
742 Elements of argument lists for formats evaluated in list context,
743 C<caller()> returns false value in scalar context if no caller present,
744 Comma operator in scalar context gives scalar context to args, C<sprintf()>
745 prototyped as C<($;@)>
747 =item Precedence Traps
749 LHS vs. RHS of any assignment operator, Semantic errors introduced due to
750 precedence, Precedence of assignment operators same as the precedence of
751 assignment, C<open> requires parentheses around filehandle, C<$:>
752 precedence over C<$::> gone, Precedence of file test operators documented,
753 C<keys>, C<each>, C<values> are regular named unary operators
755 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
757 C<s'$lhs'$rhs'> interpolates on either side, C<m//g> attaches its state to
758 the searched string, C<m//o> used within an anonymous sub, C<$+> isn't set
759 to whole match, Substitution now returns null string if it fails,
760 C<s`lhs`rhs`> is now a normal substitution, Stricter parsing of variables
761 in regular expressions, C<m?x?> matches only once, Failed matches don't
762 reset the match variables
764 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
766 Barewords that used to look like strings look like subroutine calls,
767 Reverse is no longer allowed as the name of a sort subroutine, C<warn()>
768 won't let you specify a filehandle
772 SysV resets signal handler correctly, SysV C<seek()> appends correctly
774 =item Interpolation Traps
776 C<@> always interpolates an array in double-quotish strings, Double-quoted
777 strings may no longer end with an unescaped $, Arbitrary expressions are
778 evaluated inside braces within double quotes, C<$$x> now tries to
779 dereference $x, Creation of hashes on the fly with C<eval "EXPR"> requires
780 protection, Bugs in earlier perl versions, Array and hash brackets during
781 interpolation, Interpolation of C<\$$foo{bar}>, C<qq()> string passed to
782 C<eval> will not find string terminator
786 Perl5 must have been linked with same dbm/ndbm as the default for
787 C<dbmopen()>, DBM exceeding limit on the key/value size will cause perl5 to
790 =item Unclassified Traps
792 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
799 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
807 =item Looking at data and -w and v
811 =item Stepping through code
813 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
815 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
833 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl
841 =item Where to get the perlfaq
843 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
845 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
852 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
854 =item Table of Contents
856 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
857 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
858 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
859 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
860 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
866 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
868 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
870 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
872 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
874 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
876 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
878 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
880 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
882 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
888 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 8539 $)
898 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
900 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
902 =item What are perl4, perl5, or perl6?
904 =item What was Ponie?
908 =item How stable is Perl?
910 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
912 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
915 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
917 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
919 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
921 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
923 =item What is a JAPH?
925 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
927 =item How can I convince others to use Perl?
929 http://perltraining.com.au/whyperl.html,
930 http://www.perl.org/advocacy/whyperl.html
936 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
940 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 8539 $)
948 =item What machines support perl? Where do I get it?
950 =item How can I get a binary version of perl?
952 =item I don't have a C compiler. How can I build my own Perl interpreter?
954 =item I copied the perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
957 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
958 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
960 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
961 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
963 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
965 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
967 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
969 =item Where should I post source code?
973 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
975 =item Which magazines have Perl content?
977 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
979 =item Where are the archives for comp.lang.perl.misc?
981 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of perl?
983 =item Where do I send bug reports?
985 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
991 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
995 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 8539 $)
1003 =item How do I do (anything)?
1005 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
1007 =item Is there a Perl shell?
1009 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
1011 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
1013 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
1015 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
1017 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
1019 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
1021 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
1023 Eclipse, Enginsite, Komodo, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, PerlBuilder,
1024 visiPerl+, Visual Perl, Zeus, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis,
1025 Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, Affrus,
1026 Alpha, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite
1028 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
1030 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
1032 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
1034 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
1036 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
1038 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
1040 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
1041 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
1043 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
1045 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
1047 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
1049 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
1051 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
1053 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
1055 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
1057 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
1059 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
1061 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
1063 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl?
1065 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C
1066 program; what am I doing wrong?
1068 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
1070 =item What's MakeMaker?
1076 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1080 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 8539 $)
1090 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
1091 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
1093 =item Why is int() broken?
1095 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
1097 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
1100 =item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
1102 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
1103 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
1104 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
1105 from decimal to binary
1107 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
1109 =item How do I multiply matrices?
1111 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
1113 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
1115 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
1117 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
1125 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
1127 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
1129 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
1131 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
1133 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
1135 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
1137 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
1145 =item How do I validate input?
1147 =item How do I unescape a string?
1149 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
1151 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
1153 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
1155 =item How do I reverse a string?
1157 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
1159 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
1161 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
1163 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1165 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
1168 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
1170 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
1173 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
1175 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
1177 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
1179 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
1181 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
1183 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
1185 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
1187 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
1188 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
1197 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
1199 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
1201 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
1203 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
1206 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
1207 intersection of two arrays?
1209 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
1211 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
1213 =item How do I handle linked lists?
1215 =item How do I handle circular lists?
1217 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
1219 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
1221 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
1223 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
1225 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
1227 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
1229 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
1233 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
1237 =item How do I process an entire hash?
1239 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
1242 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
1244 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
1246 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
1248 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
1249 X<hash tie sort DB_File Tie::IxHash>
1251 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
1253 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
1255 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
1257 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
1259 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
1261 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
1263 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
1266 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
1267 array of hashes or arrays?
1269 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
1277 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
1279 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
1281 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
1283 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
1285 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
1287 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
1289 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
1295 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1299 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 8579 $)
1307 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
1308 X<flush> X<buffer> X<unbuffer> X<autoflush>
1310 =item How do I change, delete, or insert a line in a file, or append to the
1311 beginning of a file?
1314 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
1315 X<file, counting lines> X<lines> X<line>
1317 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
1320 =item How can I copy a file?
1321 X<copy> X<file, copy>
1323 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
1326 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
1327 X<fixed-length> X<file, fixed-length records>
1329 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
1330 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
1331 X<filehandle, local> X<filehandle, passing> X<filehandle, reference>
1333 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
1334 X<filehandle, indirect>
1336 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
1339 =item How can I write() into a string?
1340 X<write, into a string>
1342 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
1345 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
1346 X<tilde> X<tilde expansion>
1348 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
1349 X<clobber> X<read-write> X<clobbering> X<truncate> X<truncating>
1351 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
1353 X<argument list too long>
1355 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
1358 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
1359 X<filename, special characters>
1361 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
1362 X<rename> X<mv> X<move> X<file, rename> X<ren>
1364 =item How can I lock a file?
1365 X<lock> X<file, lock> X<flock>
1367 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
1368 X<lock, lockfile race condition>
1370 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
1371 the file. How can I do this?
1372 X<counter> X<file, counter>
1374 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
1375 file. Do I still have to use locking?
1376 X<append> X<file, append>
1378 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
1379 X<file, binary patch>
1381 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
1382 X<timestamp> X<file, timestamp>
1384 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
1385 X<timestamp> X<file, timestamp>
1387 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
1388 X<print, to multiple files>
1390 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
1391 X<slurp> X<file, slurping>
1393 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
1394 X<file, reading by paragraphs>
1396 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
1397 X<getc> X<file, reading one character at a time>
1399 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
1401 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
1402 X<tail> X<IO::Handle> X<File::Tail> X<clearerr>
1404 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
1407 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
1408 X<file, closing file descriptors> X<POSIX> X<close>
1410 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
1411 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
1412 X<filename, DOS issues>
1414 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
1417 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
1418 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
1420 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
1421 X<file, selecting a random line>
1423 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
1429 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1433 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 8539 $)
1441 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
1442 and unmaintainable code?
1443 X<regex, legibility> X<regexp, legibility>
1444 X<regular expression, legibility> X</x>
1446 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
1448 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
1449 X<regex, multiline> X<regexp, multiline> X<regular expression, multiline>
1451 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
1455 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
1456 X<$/, regexes in> X<$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, regexes in>
1459 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
1461 X<replace, case preserving> X<substitute, case preserving>
1462 X<substitution, case preserving> X<s, case preserving>
1464 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
1467 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
1470 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
1471 X<regex, escaping> X<regexp, escaping> X<regular expression, escaping>
1473 =item What is C</o> really for?
1474 X</o, regular expressions> X<compile, regular expressions>
1476 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
1479 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
1480 X<regex, matching balanced test> X<regexp, matching balanced test>
1481 X<regular expression, matching balanced test>
1483 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
1484 X<greedy> X<greediness>
1486 =item How do I process each word on each line?
1489 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
1491 =item How can I do approximate matching?
1492 X<match, approximate> X<matching, approximate>
1494 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
1495 X<regex, efficiency> X<regexp, efficiency>
1496 X<regular expression, efficiency>
1498 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
1501 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
1502 X<$MATCH> X<$&> X<$POSTMATCH> X<$'> X<$PREMATCH> X<$`>
1504 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
1507 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
1508 X<DFA> X<NFA> X<POSIX>
1510 =item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
1513 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
1514 X<regex, and multibyte characters> X<regexp, and multibyte characters>
1515 X<regular expression, and multibyte characters> X<martian> X<encoding,
1518 =item How do I match a regular expression that's in a variable?
1519 X<regex, in variable> X<eval> X<regex> X<quotemeta> X<\Q, regex>
1520 X<\E, regex>, X<qr//>
1526 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1530 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 9309 $)
1538 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
1540 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
1543 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
1546 =item How do I skip some return values?
1548 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
1550 =item What's an extension?
1552 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
1554 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
1556 =item How do I create a module?
1558 =item How do I create a class?
1560 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
1562 =item What's a closure?
1564 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
1566 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
1569 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
1572 =item How do I create a static variable?
1574 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
1575 Between local() and my()?
1577 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
1580 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
1582 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
1584 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
1586 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
1588 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
1590 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
1593 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1595 =item How can I find out my current package?
1597 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
1599 =item How do I clear a package?
1601 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
1603 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
1609 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1613 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 8539 $)
1621 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
1623 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
1625 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
1627 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
1629 =item How do I print something out in color?
1631 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
1633 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
1635 =item How do I clear the screen?
1637 =item How do I get the screen size?
1639 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
1641 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
1643 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
1645 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
1647 =item How do I start a process in the background?
1649 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
1651 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
1653 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
1655 =item How do I set the time and date?
1657 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
1659 =item How can I measure time under a second?
1661 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
1663 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
1664 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
1666 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
1668 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
1670 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1672 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1674 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1676 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1678 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1680 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1682 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1684 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1687 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1689 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1691 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1693 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1696 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
1697 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
1698 changes to be visible?
1702 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1705 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1707 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1709 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1711 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1713 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1715 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1717 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1719 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1721 =item How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and perl?
1723 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1725 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1727 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1729 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1732 =item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
1734 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1740 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1744 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 8539 $)
1752 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
1754 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1757 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1759 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1761 =item How do I extract URLs?
1763 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1764 file on another machine?
1766 =item How do I make an HTML pop-up menu with Perl?
1768 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1770 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1772 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1774 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1776 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1778 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1780 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1781 CGI script to do bad things?
1783 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1785 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1787 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1789 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1791 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1793 =item How do I send mail?
1795 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
1797 =item How do I read mail?
1799 =item How do I find out my hostname, domainname, or IP address?
1800 X<hostname, domainname, IP address, host, domain, hostfqdn, inet_ntoa,
1801 gethostbyname, Socket, Net::Domain, Sys::Hostname>
1803 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1805 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1807 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1813 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1817 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1826 X<declaration> X<undef> X<undefined> X<uninitialized>
1831 =item Simple Statements
1832 X<statement> X<semicolon> X<expression> X<;>
1834 =item Truth and Falsehood
1835 X<truth> X<falsehood> X<true> X<false> X<!> X<not> X<negation> X<0>
1837 =item Statement Modifiers
1838 X<statement modifier> X<modifier> X<if> X<unless> X<while>
1839 X<until> X<foreach> X<for>
1841 =item Compound Statements
1842 X<statement, compound> X<block> X<bracket, curly> X<curly bracket> X<brace>
1843 X<{> X<}> X<if> X<unless> X<while> X<until> X<foreach> X<for> X<continue>
1846 X<loop control> X<loop, control> X<next> X<last> X<redo> X<continue>
1857 =item Switch statements
1858 X<switch> X<case> X<given> X<when> X<default>
1865 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1866 X<POD> X<documentation>
1868 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1869 X<comment> X<line> X<#> X<preprocessor> X<eval>
1875 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1883 =item Variable names
1884 X<variable, name> X<variable name> X<data type> X<type>
1887 X<context> X<scalar context> X<list context>
1890 X<scalar> X<number> X<string> X<reference>
1892 =item Scalar value constructors
1893 X<scalar, literal> X<scalar, constant>
1895 =item List value constructors
1901 X<slice> X<array, slice> X<hash, slice>
1903 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1904 X<typeglob> X<filehandle> X<*>
1912 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1920 =item Operator Precedence and Associativity
1921 X<operator, precedence> X<precedence> X<associativity>
1923 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1924 X<list operator> X<operator, list> X<term>
1926 =item The Arrow Operator
1927 X<arrow> X<dereference> X<< -> >>
1929 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1930 X<increment> X<auto-increment> X<++> X<decrement> X<auto-decrement> X<-->
1932 =item Exponentiation
1933 X<**> X<exponentiation> X<power>
1935 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1936 X<unary operator> X<operator, unary>
1938 =item Binding Operators
1939 X<binding> X<operator, binding> X<=~> X<!~>
1941 =item Multiplicative Operators
1942 X<operator, multiplicative>
1944 =item Additive Operators
1945 X<operator, additive>
1947 =item Shift Operators
1948 X<shift operator> X<operator, shift> X<<< << >>>
1949 X<<< >> >>> X<right shift> X<left shift> X<bitwise shift>
1950 X<shl> X<shr> X<shift, right> X<shift, left>
1952 =item Named Unary Operators
1953 X<operator, named unary>
1955 =item Relational Operators
1956 X<relational operator> X<operator, relational>
1958 =item Equality Operators
1959 X<equality> X<equal> X<equals> X<operator, equality>
1962 X<operator, bitwise, and> X<bitwise and> X<&>
1964 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1965 X<operator, bitwise, or> X<bitwise or> X<|> X<operator, bitwise, xor>
1968 =item C-style Logical And
1969 X<&&> X<logical and> X<operator, logical, and>
1971 =item C-style Logical Or
1972 X<||> X<operator, logical, or>
1974 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
1975 X<//> X<operator, logical, defined-or>
1977 =item Range Operators
1978 X<operator, range> X<range> X<..> X<...>
1980 =item Conditional Operator
1981 X<operator, conditional> X<operator, ternary> X<ternary> X<?:>
1983 =item Assignment Operators
1984 X<assignment> X<operator, assignment> X<=> X<**=> X<+=> X<*=> X<&=>
1985 X<<< <<= >>> X<&&=> X<-=> X</=> X<|=> X<<< >>= >>> X<||=> X<//=> X<.=>
1988 =item Comma Operator
1989 X<comma> X<operator, comma> X<,>
1991 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1992 X<operator, list, rightward> X<list operator>
1995 X<operator, logical, not> X<not>
1998 X<operator, logical, and> X<and>
2000 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
2001 X<operator, logical, or> X<operator, logical, xor> X<operator, logical,
2003 X<operator, logical, defined or> X<operator, logical, exclusive or>
2006 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
2007 X<operator, missing from perl> X<&> X<*>
2008 X<typecasting> X<(TYPE)>
2010 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
2012 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
2013 X<operator, quote> X<operator, quote-like> X<q> X<qq> X<qx> X<qw> X<m>
2014 X<qr> X<s> X<tr> X<'> X<''> X<"> X<""> X<//> X<`> X<``> X<<< << >>>
2015 X<escape sequence> X<escape>
2017 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
2020 qr/STRING/msixpo X<qr> X</i> X</m> X</o> X</s> X</x> X</p>,
2021 m/PATTERN/msixpogc X<m> X<operator, match> X<regexp, options> X<regexp>
2022 X<regex, options> X<regex> X</m> X</s> X</i> X</x> X</p> X</o> X</g> X</c>,
2023 /PATTERN/msixpogc, ?PATTERN? X<?>, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/msixpogce
2024 X<substitute> X<substitution> X<replace> X<regexp, replace> X<regexp,
2025 substitute> X</m> X</s> X</i> X</x> X</p> X</o> X</g> X</c> X</e>
2027 =item Quote-Like Operators
2028 X<operator, quote-like>
2030 q/STRING/ X<q> X<quote, single> X<'> X<''>, 'STRING', qq/STRING/ X<qq>
2031 X<quote, double> X<"> X<"">, "STRING", qx/STRING/ X<qx> X<`> X<``>
2032 X<backtick>, `STRING`, qw/STRING/ X<qw> X<quote, list> X<quote, words>,
2033 tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds X<tr> X<y> X<transliterate> X</c> X</d>
2034 X</s>, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF X<here-doc> X<heredoc>
2035 X<here-document> X<<< << >>>, Double Quotes, Single Quotes, Backticks
2037 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
2038 X<quote, gory details>
2040 Finding the end, Interpolation X<interpolation>, C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, the
2041 pattern of C<s'''>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<tr'''>, C<y'''>, the replacement of
2042 C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<"">, C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob>
2043 >>, C<<<"EOF">, the replacement of C<s///>, C<RE> in C<?RE?>, C</RE/>,
2044 C<m/RE/>, C<s/RE/foo/>,, parsing regular expressions X<regexp, parse>,
2045 Optimization of regular expressions X<regexp, optimization>
2048 X<operator, i/o> X<operator, io> X<io> X<while> X<filehandle>
2051 =item Constant Folding
2052 X<constant folding> X<folding>
2057 =item Bitwise String Operators
2058 X<operator, bitwise, string>
2060 =item Integer Arithmetic
2063 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
2064 X<floating-point> X<floating point> X<float> X<real>
2066 =item Bigger Numbers
2067 X<number, arbitrary precision>
2073 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
2083 =item Private Variables via my()
2084 X<my> X<variable, lexical> X<lexical> X<lexical variable> X<scope, lexical>
2085 X<lexical scope> X<attributes, my>
2087 =item Persistent Private Variables
2088 X<state> X<state variable> X<static> X<variable, persistent> X<variable,
2091 =item Temporary Values via local()
2092 X<local> X<scope, dynamic> X<dynamic scope> X<variable, local>
2093 X<variable, temporary>
2095 =item Lvalue subroutines
2096 X<lvalue> X<subroutine, lvalue>
2098 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
2100 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
2103 =item When to Still Use local()
2104 X<local> X<variable, local>
2106 =item Pass by Reference
2107 X<pass by reference> X<pass-by-reference> X<reference>
2110 X<prototype> X<subroutine, prototype>
2112 =item Constant Functions
2115 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
2116 X<built-in> X<override> X<CORE> X<CORE::GLOBAL>
2119 X<autoloading> X<AUTOLOAD>
2121 =item Subroutine Attributes
2122 X<attribute> X<subroutine, attribute> X<attrs>
2130 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
2138 =item Perl Functions by Category
2141 Functions for SCALARs or strings X<scalar> X<string> X<character>, Regular
2142 expressions and pattern matching X<regular expression> X<regex> X<regexp>,
2143 Numeric functions X<numeric> X<number> X<trigonometric> X<trigonometry>,
2144 Functions for real @ARRAYs X<array>, Functions for list data X<list>,
2145 Functions for real %HASHes X<hash>, Input and output functions X<I/O>
2146 X<input> X<output> X<dbm>, Functions for fixed length data or records,
2147 Functions for filehandles, files, or directories X<file> X<filehandle>
2148 X<directory> X<pipe> X<link> X<symlink>, Keywords related to the control
2149 flow of your Perl program X<control flow>, Keywords related to switch,
2150 Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for
2151 processes and process groups X<process> X<pid> X<process id>, Keywords
2152 related to perl modules X<module>, Keywords related to classes and
2153 object-orientedness X<object> X<class> X<package>, Low-level socket
2154 functions X<socket> X<sock>, System V interprocess communication functions
2155 X<IPC> X<System V> X<semaphore> X<shared memory> X<memory> X<message>,
2156 Fetching user and group info X<user> X<group> X<password> X<uid> X<gid>
2157 X<passwd> X</etc/passwd>, Fetching network info X<network> X<protocol>
2158 X<host> X<hostname> X<IP> X<address> X<service>, Time-related functions
2159 X<time> X<date>, Functions new in perl5 X<perl5>, Functions obsoleted in
2163 X<portability> X<Unix> X<portable>
2165 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2168 X<-r>X<-w>X<-x>X<-o>X<-R>X<-W>X<-X>X<-O>X<-e>X<-z>X<-s>X<-f>X<-d>X<-l>X<-p>
2169 X<-S>X<-b>X<-c>X<-t>X<-u>X<-g>X<-k>X<-T>X<-B>X<-M>X<-A>X<-C>, -I<X> EXPR,
2170 -I<X> DIRHANDLE, -I<X>, abs VALUE X<abs> X<absolute>, abs, accept
2171 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET X<accept>, alarm SECONDS X<alarm> X<SIGALRM>
2172 X<timer>, alarm, atan2 Y,X X<atan2> X<arctangent> X<tan> X<tangent>, bind
2173 SOCKET,NAME X<bind>, binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER X<binmode> X<binary> X<text>
2174 X<DOS> X<Windows>, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME X<bless>, bless
2175 REF, break, caller EXPR X<caller> X<call stack> X<stack> X<stack trace>,
2176 caller, chdir EXPR X<chdir> X<cd> X<directory, change>, chdir FILEHANDLE,
2177 chdir DIRHANDLE, chdir, chmod LIST X<chmod> X<permission> X<mode>, chomp
2178 VARIABLE X<chomp> X<INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR> X<$/> X<newline> X<eol>, chomp(
2179 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE X<chop>, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST
2180 X<chown> X<owner> X<user> X<group>, chr NUMBER X<chr> X<character> X<ASCII>
2181 X<Unicode>, chr, chroot FILENAME X<chroot> X<root>, chroot, close
2182 FILEHANDLE X<close>, close, closedir DIRHANDLE X<closedir>, connect
2183 SOCKET,NAME X<connect>, continue BLOCK X<continue>, continue, cos EXPR
2184 X<cos> X<cosine> X<acos> X<arccosine>, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT X<crypt>
2185 X<digest> X<hash> X<salt> X<plaintext> X<password> X<decrypt>
2186 X<cryptography> X<passwd> X<encrypt>, dbmclose HASH X<dbmclose>, dbmopen
2187 HASH,DBNAME,MASK X<dbmopen> X<dbm> X<ndbm> X<sdbm> X<gdbm>, defined EXPR
2188 X<defined> X<undef> X<undefined>, defined, delete EXPR X<delete>, die LIST
2189 X<die> X<throw> X<exception> X<raise> X<$@> X<abort>, do BLOCK X<do>
2190 X<block>, do SUBROUTINE(LIST) X<do>, do EXPR X<do>, dump LABEL X<dump>
2191 X<core> X<undump>, dump, each HASH X<each> X<hash, iterator>, eof
2192 FILEHANDLE X<eof> X<end of file> X<end-of-file>, eof (), eof, eval EXPR
2193 X<eval> X<try> X<catch> X<evaluate> X<parse> X<execute> X<error, handling>
2194 X<exception, handling>, eval BLOCK, eval, exec LIST X<exec> X<execute>,
2195 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR X<exists> X<autovivification>, exit EXPR
2196 X<exit> X<terminate> X<abort>, exit, exp EXPR X<exp> X<exponential>
2197 X<antilog> X<antilogarithm> X<e>, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR
2198 X<fcntl>, fileno FILEHANDLE X<fileno>, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION X<flock>
2199 X<lock> X<locking>, fork X<fork> X<child> X<parent>, format X<format>,
2200 formline PICTURE,LIST X<formline>, getc FILEHANDLE X<getc> X<getchar>
2201 X<character> X<file, read>, getc, getlogin X<getlogin> X<login>,
2202 getpeername SOCKET X<getpeername> X<peer>, getpgrp PID X<getpgrp> X<group>,
2203 getppid X<getppid> X<parent> X<pid>, getpriority WHICH,WHO X<getpriority>
2204 X<priority> X<nice>, getpwnam NAME X<getpwnam> X<getgrnam> X<gethostbyname>
2205 X<getnetbyname> X<getprotobyname> X<getpwuid> X<getgrgid> X<getservbyname>
2206 X<gethostbyaddr> X<getnetbyaddr> X<getprotobynumber> X<getservbyport>
2207 X<getpwent> X<getgrent> X<gethostent> X<getnetent> X<getprotoent>
2208 X<getservent> X<setpwent> X<setgrent> X<sethostent> X<setnetent>
2209 X<setprotoent> X<setservent> X<endpwent> X<endgrent> X<endhostent>
2210 X<endnetent> X<endprotoent> X<endservent>, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname
2211 NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
2212 getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr
2213 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
2214 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
2215 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
2216 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
2217 endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET X<getsockname>, getsockopt
2218 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME X<getsockopt>, glob EXPR X<glob> X<wildcard>
2219 X<filename, expansion> X<expand>, glob, gmtime EXPR X<gmtime> X<UTC>
2220 X<Greenwich>, gmtime, goto LABEL X<goto> X<jump> X<jmp>, goto EXPR, goto
2221 &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST X<grep>, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR X<hex>
2222 X<hexadecimal>, hex, import LIST X<import>, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION
2223 X<index> X<indexOf> X<InStr>, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR X<int> X<integer>
2224 X<truncate> X<trunc> X<floor>, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR
2225 X<ioctl>, join EXPR,LIST X<join>, keys HASH X<keys> X<key>, kill SIGNAL,
2226 LIST X<kill> X<signal>, last LABEL X<last> X<break>, last, lc EXPR X<lc>
2227 X<lowercase>, lc, lcfirst EXPR X<lcfirst> X<lowercase>, lcfirst, length
2228 EXPR X<length> X<size>, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE X<link>, listen
2229 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE X<listen>, local EXPR X<local>, localtime EXPR
2230 X<localtime> X<ctime>, localtime, lock THING X<lock>, log EXPR X<log>
2231 X<logarithm> X<e> X<ln> X<base>, log, lstat EXPR X<lstat>, lstat, m//, map
2232 BLOCK LIST X<map>, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK X<mkdir> X<md>
2233 X<directory, create>, mkdir FILENAME, mkdir, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG X<msgctl>,
2234 msgget KEY,FLAGS X<msgget>, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS X<msgrcv>, msgsnd
2235 ID,MSG,FLAGS X<msgsnd>, my EXPR X<my>, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my
2236 TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL X<next> X<continue>, next, no Module VERSION
2237 LIST X<no>, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, no VERSION, oct
2238 EXPR X<oct> X<octal> X<hex> X<hexadecimal> X<binary> X<bin>, oct, open
2239 FILEHANDLE,EXPR X<open> X<pipe> X<file, open> X<fopen>, open
2240 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
2241 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR
2242 X<opendir>, ord EXPR X<ord> X<encoding>, ord, our EXPR X<our> X<global>,
2243 our TYPE EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST
2244 X<pack>, package NAMESPACE X<package> X<module> X<namespace>, package, pipe
2245 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE X<pipe>, pop ARRAY X<pop> X<stack>, pop, pos SCALAR
2246 X<pos> X<match, position>, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST X<print>, print LIST,
2247 print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST X<printf>, printf FORMAT, LIST,
2248 prototype FUNCTION X<prototype>, push ARRAY,LIST X<push> X<stack>,
2249 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR
2250 X<quotemeta> X<metacharacter>, quotemeta, rand EXPR X<rand> X<random>,
2251 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET X<read> X<file, read>, read
2252 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE X<readdir>, readline EXPR,
2253 readline X<readline> X<gets> X<fgets>, readlink EXPR X<readlink>, readlink,
2254 readpipe EXPR, readpipe X<readpipe>, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS
2255 X<recv>, redo LABEL X<redo>, redo, ref EXPR X<ref> X<reference>, ref,
2256 rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME X<rename> X<move> X<mv> X<ren>, require VERSION
2257 X<require>, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR X<reset>, reset, return EXPR
2258 X<return>, return, reverse LIST X<reverse> X<rev> X<invert>, rewinddir
2259 DIRHANDLE X<rewinddir>, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION X<rindex>, rindex
2260 STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME X<rmdir> X<rd> X<directory, remove>, rmdir,
2261 s///, say FILEHANDLE LIST X<say>, say LIST, say, scalar EXPR X<scalar>
2262 X<context>, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE X<seek> X<fseek> X<filehandle,
2263 position>, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS X<seekdir>, select FILEHANDLE X<select>
2264 X<filehandle, default>, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT X<select>,
2265 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG X<semctl>, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS X<semget>, semop
2266 KEY,OPSTRING X<semop>, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO X<send>, send
2267 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP X<setpgrp> X<group>, setpriority
2268 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY X<setpriority> X<priority> X<nice> X<renice>, setsockopt
2269 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL X<setsockopt>, shift ARRAY X<shift>, shift,
2270 shmctl ID,CMD,ARG X<shmctl>, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS X<shmget>, shmread
2271 ID,VAR,POS,SIZE X<shmread> X<shmwrite>, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE,
2272 shutdown SOCKET,HOW X<shutdown>, sin EXPR X<sin> X<sine> X<asin>
2273 X<arcsine>, sin, sleep EXPR X<sleep> X<pause>, sleep, socket
2274 SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL X<socket>, socketpair
2275 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL X<socketpair>, sort SUBNAME LIST
2276 X<sort> X<qsort> X<quicksort> X<mergesort>, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST,
2277 splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST X<splice>, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
2278 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT X<split>,
2279 split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST
2280 X<sprintf>, format parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width,
2281 precision, or maximum width X<precision>, size, order of arguments, sqrt
2282 EXPR X<sqrt> X<root> X<square root>, sqrt, srand EXPR X<srand> X<seed>
2283 X<randseed>, srand, stat FILEHANDLE X<stat> X<file, status> X<ctime>, stat
2284 EXPR, stat DIRHANDLE, stat, state EXPR X<state>, state TYPE EXPR, state
2285 EXPR : ATTRS, state TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, study SCALAR X<study>, study, sub
2286 NAME BLOCK X<sub>, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME
2287 (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT X<substr>
2288 X<substring> X<mid> X<left> X<right>, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
2289 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE X<symlink> X<link> X<symbolic link>
2290 X<link, symbolic>, syscall NUMBER, LIST X<syscall> X<system call>, sysopen
2291 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE X<sysopen>, sysopen
2292 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET
2293 X<sysread>, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
2294 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE X<sysseek> X<lseek>, system LIST X<system>
2295 X<shell>, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET
2296 X<syswrite>, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,
2297 tell FILEHANDLE X<tell>, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE X<telldir>, tie
2298 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST X<tie>, tied VARIABLE X<tied>, time X<time>
2299 X<epoch>, times X<times>, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH X<truncate>,
2300 truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR X<uc> X<uppercase> X<toupper>, uc, ucfirst
2301 EXPR X<ucfirst> X<uppercase>, ucfirst, umask EXPR X<umask>, umask, undef
2302 EXPR X<undef> X<undefine>, undef, unlink LIST X<unlink> X<delete> X<remove>
2303 X<rm> X<del>, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR X<unpack>, unpack TEMPLATE,
2304 untie VARIABLE X<untie>, unshift ARRAY,LIST X<unshift>, use Module VERSION
2305 LIST X<use> X<module> X<import>, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use
2306 Module, use VERSION, utime LIST X<utime>, values HASH X<values>, vec
2307 EXPR,OFFSET,BITS X<vec> X<bit> X<bit vector>, wait X<wait>, waitpid
2308 PID,FLAGS X<waitpid>, wantarray X<wantarray> X<context>, warn LIST X<warn>
2309 X<warning> X<STDERR>, write FILEHANDLE X<write>, write EXPR, write, y///
2315 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
2321 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
2327 =item Indirect Filehandles
2331 =item The Minus File
2333 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
2339 =item Open E<agrave> la C
2343 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
2347 =item Obscure Open Tricks
2351 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
2353 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
2355 =item Paths as Opens
2357 =item Single Argument Open
2359 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
2363 =item Other I/O Issues
2367 =item Opening Non-File Files
2369 =item Opening Named Pipes
2371 =item Opening Sockets
2383 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
2389 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
2395 =item The Basic Principle
2399 =item Packing Numbers
2405 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
2407 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
2409 =item Byte-order modifiers
2411 =item Floating point Numbers
2415 =item Exotic Templates
2427 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
2431 =item Template Grouping
2433 =item Lengths and Widths
2437 =item String Lengths
2439 =item Dynamic Templates
2441 =item Counting Repetitions
2445 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
2449 =item The Alignment Pit
2451 =item Dealing with Endian-ness
2453 =item Alignment, Take 2
2455 =item Alignment, Take 3
2457 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
2463 =item Funnies Section
2469 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
2477 =item Ordinary Paragraph
2478 X<POD, ordinary paragraph>
2480 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2481 X<POD, verbatim paragraph> X<verbatim>
2483 =item Command Paragraph
2486 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>> X<=head1> X<=head2> X<=head3> X<=head4> X<head1>
2487 X<head2> X<head3> X<head4>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
2488 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>> X<=over>
2489 X<=item> X<=back> X<over> X<item> X<back>, C<=item I<stuff...>>, C<=back>,
2490 C<=cut> X<=cut> X<cut>, C<=pod> X<=pod> X<pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>
2491 X<=begin> X<=end> X<=for> X<begin> X<end> X<for>, C<=end I<formatname>>,
2492 C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding I<encodingname>> X<=encoding>
2495 =item Formatting Codes
2496 X<POD, formatting code> X<formatting code>
2497 X<POD, interior sequence> X<interior sequence>
2499 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text X<I> X<< IZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting
2500 code, italic> X<italic>, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text X<B> X<< BZ<><> >>
2501 X<POD, formatting code, bold> X<bold>, C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text X<C>
2502 X<< CZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, code> X<code>, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> --
2503 a hyperlink X<L> X<< LZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, hyperlink>
2504 X<hyperlink>, C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape X<E> X<< EZ<><> >>
2505 X<POD, formatting code, escape> X<escape>, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
2506 for filenames X<F> X<< FZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, filename>
2507 X<filename>, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces X<S>
2508 X<< SZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, non-breaking space> X<non-breaking
2509 space>, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry X<X> X<< XZ<><> >>
2510 X<POD, formatting code, index entry> X<index entry>, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2511 null (zero-effect) formatting code X<Z> X<< ZZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting
2517 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2520 =item Hints for Writing Pod
2522 X<podchecker> X<POD, validating>
2532 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
2539 =item Pod Definitions
2543 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
2544 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
2545 "=encoding encodingname"
2547 =item Pod Formatting Codes
2549 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2550 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
2551 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2552 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2553 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
2554 contains non-breaking spaces
2556 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
2558 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
2560 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
2562 =item About =over...=back Regions
2564 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
2572 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
2582 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
2585 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
2587 =item Location of Perl
2588 X<perl, location of interpreter>
2590 =item Command Switches
2591 X<perl, command switches> X<command switches>
2593 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>] X<-0> X<$/>, B<-a> X<-a> X<autosplit>, B<-C
2594 [I<number/list>]> X<-C>, B<-c> X<-c>, B<-d> X<-d> X<-dt>, B<-dt>,
2595 B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]> X<-d> X<-dt>, B<-dt:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
2596 B<-D>I<letters> X<-D> X<DEBUGGING> X<-DDEBUGGING>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e>
2597 I<commandline> X<-e>, B<-E> I<commandline> X<-E>, B<-f> X<-f>,
2598 B<-F>I<pattern> X<-F>, B<-h> X<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>] X<-i> X<in-place>,
2599 B<-I>I<directory> X<-I> X<@INC>, B<-l>[I<octnum>] X<-l> X<$/> X<$\>,
2600 B<-m>[B<->]I<module> X<-m> X<-M>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>,
2601 B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>
2602 X<-n>, B<-p> X<-p>, B<-P> X<-P>, B<-s> X<-s>, B<-S> X<-S>, B<-t> X<-t>,
2603 B<-T> X<-T>, B<-u> X<-u>, B<-U> X<-U>, B<-v> X<-v>, B<-V> X<-V>,
2604 B<-V:>I<configvar>, B<-w> X<-w>, B<-W> X<-W>, B<-X> X<-X>, B<-x> X<-x>,
2610 X<perl, environment variables>
2612 HOME X<HOME>, LOGDIR X<LOGDIR>, PATH X<PATH>, PERL5LIB X<PERL5LIB>,
2613 PERL5OPT X<PERL5OPT>, PERLIO X<PERLIO>, :bytes X<:bytes>, :crlf X<:crlf>,
2614 :mmap X<:mmap>, :perlio X<:perlio>, :pop X<:pop>, :raw X<:raw>, :stdio
2615 X<:stdio>, :unix X<:unix>, :utf8 X<:utf8>, :win32 X<:win32>, PERLIO_DEBUG
2616 X<PERLIO_DEBUG>, PERLLIB X<PERLLIB>, PERL5DB X<PERL5DB>, PERL5DB_THREADED
2617 X<PERL5DB_THREADED>, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port) X<PERL5SHELL>,
2618 PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP (specific to the Win32 port)
2619 X<PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP>, PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS X<PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS>,
2620 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL X<PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL>, PERL_DL_NONLAZY
2621 X<PERL_DL_NONLAZY>, PERL_ENCODING X<PERL_ENCODING>, PERL_HASH_SEED
2622 X<PERL_HASH_SEED>, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG X<PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG>, PERL_ROOT
2623 (specific to the VMS port) X<PERL_ROOT>, PERL_SIGNALS X<PERL_SIGNALS>,
2624 PERL_UNICODE X<PERL_UNICODE>, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
2629 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2637 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
2645 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
2647 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
2649 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
2651 B<-w> X<-w>, B<-W> X<-W>, B<-X> X<-X>
2653 =item Backward Compatibility
2655 =item Category Hierarchy
2656 X<warning, categories>
2658 =item Fatal Warnings
2661 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
2662 X<warning, reporting> X<warning, registering>
2674 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2680 =item The Perl Debugger
2684 =item Debugger Commands
2686 h X<debugger command, h>, h [command], h h, p expr X<debugger command, p>,
2687 x [maxdepth] expr X<debugger command, x>, V [pkg [vars]] X<debugger
2688 command, V>, X [vars] X<debugger command, X>, y [level [vars]] X<debugger
2689 command, y>, T X<debugger command, T> X<backtrace> X<stack, backtrace>, s
2690 [expr] X<debugger command, s> X<step>, n [expr] X<debugger command, n>, r
2691 X<debugger command, r>, <CR>, c [line|sub] X<debugger command, c>, l
2692 X<debugger command, l>, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -
2693 X<debugger command, ->, v [line] X<debugger command, v>, . X<debugger
2694 command, .>, f filename X<debugger command, f>, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L
2695 [abw] X<debugger command, L>, S [[!]regex] X<debugger command, S>, t
2696 X<debugger command, t>, t expr X<debugger command, t>, b X<breakpoint>
2697 X<debugger command, b>, b [line] [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger
2698 command, b>, b subname [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b
2699 postpone subname [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b load
2700 filename X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b compile subname
2701 X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, B line X<breakpoint> X<debugger
2702 command, B>, B * X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, B>, a [line] command
2703 X<debugger command, a>, A line X<debugger command, A>, A * X<debugger
2704 command, A>, w expr X<debugger command, w>, W expr X<debugger command, W>,
2705 W * X<debugger command, W>, o X<debugger command, o>, o booloption ...
2706 X<debugger command, o>, o anyoption? ... X<debugger command, o>, o
2707 option=value ... X<debugger command, o>, < ? X<< debugger command, < >>, <
2708 [ command ] X<< debugger command, < >>, < * X<< debugger command, < >>, <<
2709 command X<< debugger command, << >>, > ? X<< debugger command, > >>, >
2710 command X<< debugger command, > >>, > * X<< debugger command, > >>, >>
2711 command X<<< debugger command, >> >>>, { ? X<debugger command, {>, { [
2712 command ], { * X<debugger command, {>, {{ command X<debugger command, {{>,
2713 ! number X<debugger command, !>, ! -number X<debugger command, !>, !
2714 pattern X<debugger command, !>, !! cmd X<debugger command, !!>, source file
2715 X<debugger command, source>, H -number X<debugger command, H>, q or ^D
2716 X<debugger command, q> X<debugger command, ^D>, R X<debugger command, R>,
2717 |dbcmd X<debugger command, |>, ||dbcmd X<debugger command, ||>, command, m
2718 expr X<debugger command, m>, M X<debugger command, M>, man [manpage]
2719 X<debugger command, man>
2721 =item Configurable Options
2723 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang> X<debugger option, recallCommand> X<debugger
2724 option, ShellBang>, C<pager> X<debugger option, pager>, C<tkRunning>
2725 X<debugger option, tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>
2726 X<debugger option, signalLevel> X<debugger option, warnLevel> X<debugger
2727 option, dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace> X<debugger option, AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>
2728 X<debugger option, LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit> X<debugger option,
2729 inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet> X<debugger option, PrintRet>, C<ornaments>
2730 X<debugger option, ornaments>, C<frame> X<debugger option, frame>,
2731 C<maxTraceLen> X<debugger option, maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize> X<debugger
2732 option, windowSize>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth> X<debugger option,
2733 arrayDepth> X<debugger option, hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth> X<debugger option,
2734 dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact> X<debugger option, compactDump>
2735 X<debugger option, veryCompact>, C<globPrint> X<debugger option,
2736 globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles> X<debugger option, DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>
2737 X<debugger option, DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused> X<debugger option,
2738 DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint> X<debugger option, quote>
2739 X<debugger option, HighBit> X<debugger option, undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>
2740 X<debugger option, UsageOnly>, C<TTY> X<debugger option, TTY>, C<noTTY>
2741 X<debugger option, noTTY>, C<ReadLine> X<debugger option, ReadLine>,
2742 C<NonStop> X<debugger option, NonStop>
2744 =item Debugger input/output
2746 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace X<backtrace> X<stack,
2747 backtrace>, Line Listing Format, Frame listing
2749 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2751 =item Debugger Customization
2753 =item Readline Support
2755 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2757 =item The Perl Profiler
2758 X<profile> X<profiling> X<profiler>
2762 =item Debugging regular expressions
2763 X<regular expression, debugging>
2764 X<regex, debugging> X<regexp, debugging>
2766 =item Debugging memory usage
2775 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
2783 =item Predefined Names
2785 $ARG, $_ X<$_> X<$ARG>, $a, $b X<$a> X<$b>, $<I<digits>> X<$1> X<$2> X<$3>,
2786 $MATCH, $& X<$&> X<$MATCH>, ${^MATCH} X<${^MATCH}>, $PREMATCH, $` X<$`>
2787 X<$PREMATCH>, ${^PREMATCH} X<${^PREMATCH}>, $POSTMATCH, $' X<$'>
2788 X<$POSTMATCH>, ${^POSTMATCH} X<${^POSTMATCH}>, $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+ X<$+>
2789 X<$LAST_PAREN_MATCH>, $^N X<$^N>, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+ X<@+>
2790 X<@LAST_MATCH_END>, %+ X<%+>, HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR),
2791 $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $. X<$.> X<$NR> X<$INPUT_LINE_NUMBER> X<line
2792 number>, IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR,
2793 $RS, $/ X<$/> X<$RS> X<$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR>, HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR),
2794 $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $| X<$|> X<autoflush> X<flush> X<$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH>,
2795 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,
2796 X<$,> X<$OFS> X<$OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR>,
2797 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
2798 $\ X<$\> X<$ORS> X<$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR>, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $" X<$">
2799 X<$LIST_SEPARATOR>, $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $; X<$;> X<$SUBSEP>
2800 X<SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR>, HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR),
2801 $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $% X<$%> X<$FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER>,
2802 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $= X<$=>
2803 X<$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE>, HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR),
2804 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $- X<$-> X<$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT>, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-
2805 X<@-> X<@LAST_MATCH_START>, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>,
2806 C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the
2807 same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1],
2808 $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] -
2809 $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, %-
2810 X<%->, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_NAME, $~ X<$~> X<$FORMAT_NAME>,
2811 HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^ X<$^>
2812 X<$FORMAT_TOP_NAME>, IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
2813 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $: X<$:> X<FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS>,
2814 IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L X<$^L>
2815 X<$FORMAT_FORMFEED>, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A X<$^A> X<$ACCUMULATOR>,
2816 $CHILD_ERROR, $? X<$?> X<$CHILD_ERROR>, ${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}
2817 X<$^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE>, ${^ENCODING} X<$^ENCODING>, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!
2818 X<$!> X<$ERRNO> X<$OS_ERROR>, %! X<%!>, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E X<$^E>
2819 X<$EXTENDED_OS_ERROR>, $EVAL_ERROR, $@ X<$@> X<$EVAL_ERROR>, $PROCESS_ID,
2820 $PID, $$ X<$$> X<$PID> X<$PROCESS_ID>, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $< X<< $< >>
2821 X<$UID> X<$REAL_USER_ID>, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $> X<< $> >> X<$EUID>
2822 X<$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $( X<$(> X<$GID>
2823 X<$REAL_GROUP_ID>, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $) X<$)> X<$EGID>
2824 X<$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID>, $PROGRAM_NAME, $0 X<$0> X<$PROGRAM_NAME>, $[ X<$[>,
2825 $] X<$]>, $COMPILING, $^C X<$^C> X<$COMPILING>, $DEBUGGING, $^D X<$^D>
2826 X<$DEBUGGING>, ${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS}, ${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F
2827 X<$^F> X<$SYSTEM_FD_MAX>, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I X<$^I>
2828 X<$INPLACE_EDIT>, $^M X<$^M>, $OSNAME, $^O X<$^O> X<$OSNAME>, ${^OPEN},
2829 $PERLDB, $^P X<$^P> X<$PERLDB>, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40,
2830 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R X<$^R>
2831 X<$LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT>, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S X<$^S>
2832 X<$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT>, $BASETIME, $^T X<$^T> X<$BASETIME>, ${^TAINT},
2833 ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8CACHE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V X<$^V>
2834 X<$PERL_VERSION>, $WARNING, $^W X<$^W> X<$WARNING>, ${^WARNING_BITS},
2835 ${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X X<$^X> X<$EXECUTABLE_NAME>,
2836 ARGV X<ARGV>, $ARGV X<$ARGV>, @ARGV X<@ARGV>, ARGVOUT X<ARGVOUT>, @F X<@F>,
2837 @INC X<@INC>, @ARG, @_ X<@_> X<@ARG>, %INC X<%INC>, %ENV, $ENV{expr}
2838 X<%ENV>, %SIG, $SIG{expr} X<%SIG>
2840 =item Error Indicators
2841 X<error> X<exception>
2843 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
2851 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
2861 m X</m> X<regex, multiline> X<regexp, multiline> X<regular expression,
2862 multiline>, s X</s> X<regex, single-line> X<regexp, single-line> X<regular
2863 expression, single-line>, i X</i> X<regex, case-insensitive> X<regexp,
2864 case-insensitive> X<regular expression, case-insensitive>, x X</x>, p X</p>
2865 X<regex, preserve> X<regexp, preserve>
2867 =item Regular Expressions
2869 [1], [2], [3], cntrl X<cntrl>, graph X<graph>, print X<print>, punct
2870 X<punct>, xdigit X<xdigit>
2872 =item Extended Patterns
2874 C<(?#text)> X<(?#)>, C<(?kimsx-imsx)> X<(?)>, C<(?:pattern)> X<(?:)>,
2875 C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, C<(?|pattern)> X<(?|)> X<Branch reset>,
2876 Look-Around Assertions X<look-around assertion> X<lookaround assertion>
2877 X<look-around> X<lookaround>, C<(?=pattern)> X<(?=)> X<look-ahead,
2878 positive> X<lookahead, positive>, C<(?!pattern)> X<(?!)> X<look-ahead,
2879 negative> X<lookahead, negative>, C<(?<=pattern)> C<\K> X<(?<=)>
2880 X<look-behind, positive> X<lookbehind, positive> X<\K>, C<(?<!pattern)>
2881 X<(?<!)> X<look-behind, negative> X<lookbehind, negative>,
2882 C<(?'NAME'pattern)>, C<< (?<NAME>pattern) >> X<< (?<NAME>) >> X<(?'NAME')>
2883 X<named capture> X<capture>, C<< \k<NAME> >>, C<< \k'NAME' >>, C<(?{ code
2884 })> X<(?{})> X<regex, code in> X<regexp, code in> X<regular expression,
2885 code in>, C<(??{ code })> X<(??{})> X<regex, postponed> X<regexp,
2886 postponed> X<regular expression, postponed>, C<(?PARNO)> C<(?-PARNO)>
2887 C<(?+PARNO)> C<(?R)> C<(?0)> X<(?PARNO)> X<(?1)> X<(?R)> X<(?0)> X<(?-1)>
2888 X<(?+1)> X<(?-PARNO)> X<(?+PARNO)> X<regex, recursive> X<regexp, recursive>
2889 X<regular expression, recursive> X<regex, relative recursion>, C<(?&NAME)>
2890 X<(?&NAME)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> X<(?()>,
2891 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>, (1) (2) .., (<NAME>) ('NAME'), (?{ CODE }),
2892 (R), (R1) (R2) .., (R&NAME), (DEFINE), C<< (?>pattern) >> X<backtrack>
2893 X<backtracking> X<atomic> X<possessive>
2895 =item Special Backtracking Control Verbs
2897 Verbs that take an argument, C<(*PRUNE)> C<(*PRUNE:NAME)> X<(*PRUNE)>
2898 X<(*PRUNE:NAME)> X<\v>, C<(*SKIP)> C<(*SKIP:NAME)> X<(*SKIP)>,
2899 C<(*MARK:NAME)> C<(*:NAME)> X<(*MARK)> C<(*MARK:NAME)> C<(*:NAME)>,
2900 C<(*THEN)> C<(*THEN:NAME)>, C<(*COMMIT)> X<(*COMMIT)>, Verbs without an
2901 argument, C<(*FAIL)> C<(*F)> X<(*FAIL)> X<(*F)>, C<(*ACCEPT)> X<(*ACCEPT)>
2904 X<backtrack> X<backtracking>
2906 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
2907 X<regular expression, version 8> X<regex, version 8> X<regexp, version 8>
2909 =item Warning on \1 Instead of $1
2911 =item Repeated Patterns Matching a Zero-length Substring
2913 =item Combining RE Pieces
2915 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
2916 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
2917 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>, C<(?PARNO)>,
2918 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
2920 =item Creating Custom RE Engines
2924 =item PCRE/Python Support
2926 C<< (?PE<lt>NAMEE<gt>pattern) >>, C<< (?P=NAME) >>, C<< (?P>NAME) >>
2934 =head2 perlrebackslash - Perl Regular Expression Backslash Sequences and
2947 =item All the sequences and escapes
2949 =item Character Escapes
2955 =item Character classes
2961 \A, \z, \Z, \G, \b, \B
2971 =head2 perlrecharclass - Perl Regular Expression Character Classes
2981 =item Backslashed sequences
2985 =item Bracketed Character Classes
2987 cntrl, graph, print, punct
2989 =item Locale, Unicode and UTF-8
2995 =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
3007 =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
3009 =item CHARACTER CLASSES
3015 =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
3033 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
3043 =item Making References
3044 X<reference, creation> X<referencing>
3046 1. X<\> X<backslash>, 2. X<array, anonymous> X<[> X<[]> X<square bracket>
3047 X<bracket, square> X<arrayref> X<array reference> X<reference, array>, 3.
3048 X<hash, anonymous> X<{> X<{}> X<curly bracket> X<bracket, curly> X<brace>
3049 X<hashref> X<hash reference> X<reference, hash>, 4. X<subroutine,
3050 anonymous> X<subroutine, reference> X<reference, subroutine> X<scope,
3051 lexical> X<closure> X<lexical> X<lexical scope>, 5. X<constructor> X<new>,
3052 6. X<autovivification>, 7. X<*foo{THING}> X<*>
3054 =item Using References
3055 X<reference, use> X<dereferencing> X<dereference>
3057 =item Symbolic references
3058 X<reference, symbolic> X<reference, soft>
3059 X<symbolic reference> X<soft reference>
3061 =item Not-so-symbolic references
3063 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
3064 X<pseudo-hash> X<pseudo hash> X<pseudohash>
3066 =item Function Templates
3067 X<scope, lexical> X<closure> X<lexical> X<lexical scope>
3068 X<subroutine, nested> X<sub, nested> X<subroutine, local> X<sub, local>
3073 X<reference, string context> X<reference, use as hash key>
3079 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
3088 X<format, text field>
3090 =item Numeric Fields
3091 X<#> X<format, numeric field>
3093 =item The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text
3096 =item The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text
3099 =item Specifying Values
3100 X<format, specifying values>
3102 =item Using Fill Mode
3103 X<format, fill mode>
3105 =item Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void
3106 X<format, suppressing lines>
3108 =item Repeating Format Lines
3109 X<format, repeating lines>
3111 =item Top of Form Processing
3112 X<format, top of form> X<top> X<header>
3114 =item Format Variables
3116 X<format, variables>
3125 X<format, footer> X<footer>
3127 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
3128 X<format, internals>
3136 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
3144 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
3145 X<object> X<bless> X<constructor> X<new>
3147 =item A Class is Simply a Package
3148 X<class> X<package> X<@ISA> X<inheritance>
3150 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
3153 =item Method Invocation
3154 X<invocation> X<method> X<arrow> X<< -> >>
3156 =item Indirect Object Syntax
3157 X<indirect object syntax> X<invocation, indirect> X<indirect>
3159 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
3162 isa(CLASS) X<isa>, can(METHOD) X<can>, VERSION( [NEED] ) X<VERSION>
3165 X<destructor> X<DESTROY>
3169 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
3170 X<garbage collection> X<GC> X<circular reference>
3171 X<reference, circular> X<DESTROY> X<destructor>
3179 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
3192 TIESCALAR classname, LIST X<TIESCALAR>, FETCH this X<FETCH>, STORE this,
3193 value X<STORE>, UNTIE this X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
3198 TIEARRAY classname, LIST X<TIEARRAY>, FETCH this, index X<FETCH>, STORE
3199 this, index, value X<STORE>, FETCHSIZE this X<FETCHSIZE>, STORESIZE this,
3200 count X<STORESIZE>, EXTEND this, count X<EXTEND>, EXISTS this, key
3201 X<EXISTS>, DELETE this, key X<DELETE>, CLEAR this X<CLEAR>, PUSH this, LIST
3202 X<PUSH>, POP this X<POP>, SHIFT this X<SHIFT>, UNSHIFT this, LIST
3203 X<UNSHIFT>, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST X<SPLICE>, UNTIE this
3204 X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
3209 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST X<TIEHASH>, FETCH this,
3210 key X<FETCH>, STORE this, key, value X<STORE>, DELETE this, key X<DELETE>,
3211 CLEAR this X<CLEAR>, EXISTS this, key X<EXISTS>, FIRSTKEY this X<FIRSTKEY>,
3212 NEXTKEY this, lastkey X<NEXTKEY>, SCALAR this X<SCALAR>, UNTIE this
3213 X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
3215 =item Tying FileHandles
3216 X<filehandle, tying>
3218 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST X<TIEHANDLE>, WRITE this, LIST X<WRITE>, PRINT
3219 this, LIST X<PRINT>, PRINTF this, LIST X<PRINTF>, READ this, LIST X<READ>,
3220 READLINE this X<READLINE>, GETC this X<GETC>, CLOSE this X<CLOSE>, UNTIE
3221 this X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
3226 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
3239 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3247 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3248 B<filter_fetch_value>
3254 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3256 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3266 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
3267 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
3277 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
3285 =item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
3287 Long-running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
3288 "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
3292 =item Using open() for IPC
3298 =item Background Processes
3300 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
3302 =item Safe Pipe Opens
3304 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
3306 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
3310 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
3314 =item Internet Line Terminators
3316 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
3318 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
3322 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
3326 =item A Simple Client
3328 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
3330 =item A Webget Client
3332 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
3336 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
3338 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
3340 =item UDP: Message Passing
3354 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
3364 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
3366 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
3367 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
3368 files, directories and network sockets
3370 =item Resource limits
3372 =item Killing the parent process
3374 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
3376 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
3378 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
3379 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
3380 application, Thread-safety of extensions
3392 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
3400 =item Storing numbers
3402 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
3404 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
3406 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
3407 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
3408 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
3417 =head2 perlthrtut - Tutorial on threads in Perl
3423 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
3425 =item Threaded Program Models
3437 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
3439 =item Thread-Safe Modules
3445 =item Basic Thread Support
3447 =item A Note about the Examples
3449 =item Creating Threads
3451 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
3453 =item Ignoring A Thread
3457 =item Threads And Data
3461 =item Shared And Unshared Data
3463 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
3467 =item Synchronization and control
3471 =item Controlling access: lock()
3473 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3475 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3477 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3479 =item Basic semaphores
3481 =item Advanced Semaphores
3483 =item Waiting for a Condition
3485 =item Giving up control
3489 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3493 =item What Thread Am I In?
3497 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3499 =item What Threads Are Running?
3503 =item A Complete Example
3505 =item Different implementations of threads
3507 =item Performance considerations
3509 =item Process-scope Changes
3511 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
3521 =item Introductory Texts
3523 =item OS-Related References
3525 =item Other References
3529 =item Acknowledgements
3537 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
3543 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
3545 =item Threaded Program Models
3557 =item Native threads
3559 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
3561 =item Threadsafe Modules
3567 =item Basic Thread Support
3569 =item Creating Threads
3571 =item Giving up control
3573 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
3575 =item Errors In Threads
3577 =item Ignoring A Thread
3581 =item Threads And Data
3585 =item Shared And Unshared Data
3587 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
3589 =item Controlling access: lock()
3591 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3593 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3597 =item Threads And Code
3601 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3603 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
3605 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
3607 =item Subroutine Locks
3611 =item Locking A Subroutine
3615 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3619 =item What Thread Am I In?
3623 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3625 =item What Threads Are Running?
3629 =item A Complete Example
3637 =item Introductory Texts
3639 =item OS-Related References
3641 =item Other References
3645 =item Acknowledgements
3653 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
3659 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
3668 =item Numbers endianness and Width
3670 =item Files and Filesystems
3672 =item System Interaction
3674 =item Command names versus file pathnames
3678 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
3680 =item External Subroutines (XS)
3682 =item Standard Modules
3686 =item Character sets and character encoding
3688 =item Internationalisation
3690 =item System Resources
3706 =item DOS and Derivatives
3714 =item EBCDIC Platforms
3722 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3726 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3728 -I<X>, atan2, binmode, chmod, chown, chroot, crypt, dbmclose, dbmopen,
3729 dump, exec, exit, fcntl, flock, fork, getlogin, getpgrp, getppid,
3730 getpriority, getpwnam, getgrnam, getnetbyname, getpwuid, getgrgid,
3731 getnetbyaddr, getprotobynumber, getservbyport, getpwent, getgrent,
3732 gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent,
3733 setnetent, setprotoent, setservent, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
3734 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob,
3735 gmtime, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill, link, localtime, lstat,
3736 msgctl, msgget, msgsnd, msgrcv, open, pipe, readlink, rename, select,
3737 semctl, semget, semop, setgrent, setpgrp, setpriority, setpwent,
3738 setsockopt, shmctl, shmget, shmread, shmwrite, sockatmark, socketpair,
3739 stat, symlink, syscall, sysopen, system, times, truncate, umask, utime,
3744 =item Supported Platforms
3748 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3752 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
3759 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
3765 =item The use locale pragma
3767 =item The setlocale function
3769 =item Finding locales
3771 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
3773 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
3775 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
3777 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
3779 =item Fixing system locale configuration
3781 =item The localeconv function
3783 =item I18N::Langinfo
3787 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
3791 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
3793 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
3795 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
3797 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
3801 =item Other categories
3809 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
3810 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
3822 =item Backward compatibility
3824 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
3826 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
3828 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
3830 =item Freely available locale definitions
3834 =item An imperfect standard
3838 =item Unicode and UTF-8
3844 =item Broken systems
3854 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
3864 =item Perl's Unicode Support
3866 =item Perl's Unicode Model
3868 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
3870 =item Creating Unicode
3872 =item Handling Unicode
3874 =item Legacy Encodings
3878 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
3882 =item Advanced Topics
3886 =item Questions With Answers
3888 =item Hexadecimal Notation
3890 =item Further Resources
3894 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
3898 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3900 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
3904 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
3912 =item Important Caveats
3914 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
3915 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, BOM-marked scripts and UTF-16 scripts
3916 autodetected, C<use encoding> needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings
3918 =item Byte and Character Semantics
3920 =item Effects of Character Semantics
3922 =item Unicode Character Properties
3924 General Category, Bidirectional Character Types, Scripts, Extended property
3925 classes, Use of "Is" Prefix, Blocks
3927 =item User-Defined Character Properties
3929 =item User-Defined Case Mappings
3931 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
3933 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
3935 =item Unicode Encodings
3937 =item Security Implications of Unicode
3939 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
3943 =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
3945 =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
3947 =item Using Unicode in XS
3955 =item Interaction with Locales
3957 =item Interaction with Extensions
3961 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
3969 =head2 perlunifaq - Perl Unicode FAQ
3977 =item perlunitut isn't really a Unicode tutorial, is it?
3979 =item What about binary data, like images?
3981 =item What about the UTF8 flag?
3983 =item When should I decode or encode?
3985 =item What if I don't decode?
3987 =item What if I don't encode?
3989 =item Is there a way to automatically decode or encode?
3991 =item Cheat?! Tell me, how can I cheat?
3993 =item What if I don't know which encoding was used?
3995 =item Can I use Unicode in my Perl sources?
3997 =item Data::Dumper doesn't restore the UTF8 flag; is it broken?
3999 =item How can I determine if a string is a text string or a binary string?
4001 =item How do I convert from encoding FOO to encoding BAR?
4003 =item What about the C<use bytes> pragma?
4005 =item What are C<decode_utf8> and C<encode_utf8>?
4007 =item What's the difference between C<UTF-8> and C<utf8>?
4009 =item I lost track; what encoding is the internal format really?
4011 =item What character encodings does Perl support?
4013 =item Which version of perl should I use?
4023 =head2 perlunitut - Perl Unicode Tutorial
4033 =item Your new toolkit
4035 =item I/O flow (the actual 5 minute tutorial)
4041 =item Q and A (or FAQ)
4043 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
4051 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
4057 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
4065 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
4069 =item 13 variant characters
4077 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
4079 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
4081 =item Unicode and UTF
4087 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
4089 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
4091 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
4105 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
4107 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
4109 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
4111 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
4119 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
4121 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
4123 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
4125 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
4129 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
4133 =item URL decoding and encoding
4135 =item uu encoding and decoding
4137 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
4139 =item Caesarian ciphers
4143 =item Hashing order and checksums
4147 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
4159 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
4179 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
4187 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
4189 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
4191 =item Taint mode and @INC
4193 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
4197 =item Protecting Your Programs
4201 =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
4209 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
4218 X<package> X<namespace> X<variable, global> X<global variable> X<global>
4221 X<symbol table> X<stash> X<%::> X<%main::> X<typeglob> X<glob> X<alias>
4223 =item BEGIN, UNITCHECK, CHECK, INIT and END
4224 X<BEGIN> X<UNITCHECK> X<CHECK> X<INIT> X<END>
4232 =item Making your module threadsafe
4233 X<threadsafe> X<thread safe>
4234 X<module, threadsafe> X<module, thread safe>
4235 X<CLONE> X<CLONE_SKIP> X<thread> X<threads> X<ithread>
4243 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
4247 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
4251 =item Pragmatic Modules
4253 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
4254 charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, encoding::warnings, feature,
4255 fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, mro, open, ops, overload,
4256 re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars,
4257 version, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
4259 =item Standard Modules
4261 AnyDBM_File, Archive::Extract, Archive::Tar, Archive::Tar::File,
4262 Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Concise, B::Debug,
4263 B::Deparse, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, CGI,
4264 CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push,
4265 CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Kwalify, CPAN::Nox,
4266 CPAN::Version, CPANPLUS, CPANPLUS::Dist::Base, CPANPLUS::Dist::Sample,
4267 CPANPLUS::Shell::Classic, CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::HOWTO, Carp,
4268 Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct, Compress::Raw::Zlib,
4269 Compress::Zlib, Config, Cwd, DB, DBM_Filter, DBM_Filter::compress,
4270 DBM_Filter::encode, DBM_Filter::int32, DBM_Filter::null, DBM_Filter::utf8,
4271 DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, Devel::InnerPackage, Devel::Peek,
4272 Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5, Digest::SHA, Digest::base,
4273 Digest::file, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias,
4274 Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ,
4275 Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding,
4276 Encode::GSM0338, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z,
4277 Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header,
4278 Encode::MIME::Name, Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol,
4279 Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno,
4280 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::CBuilder,
4281 ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows, ExtUtils::Command,
4282 ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Constant::Base,
4283 ExtUtils::Constant::Utils, ExtUtils::Constant::XS, ExtUtils::Embed,
4284 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM,
4285 ExtUtils::MM_AIX, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
4286 ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
4287 ExtUtils::MM_QNX, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS,
4288 ExtUtils::MM_VOS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY,
4289 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ,
4290 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes,
4291 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
4292 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::ParseXS,
4293 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
4294 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Fetch, File::Find,
4295 File::Glob, File::GlobMapper, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin,
4296 File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2,
4297 File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp,
4298 File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call,
4299 FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
4300 Hash::Util::FieldHash, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
4301 I18N::LangTags::Detect, I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO,
4302 IO::Compress::Base, IO::Compress::Deflate, IO::Compress::Gzip,
4303 IO::Compress::RawDeflate, IO::Compress::Zip, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
4304 IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
4305 IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate,
4306 IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress, IO::Uncompress::Base,
4307 IO::Uncompress::Gunzip, IO::Uncompress::Inflate,
4308 IO::Uncompress::RawInflate, IO::Uncompress::Unzip, IO::Zlib, IPC::Cmd,
4309 IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::SysV::Semaphore,
4310 List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
4311 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::Simple,
4312 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, Log::Message,
4313 Log::Message::Config, Log::Message::Handlers, Log::Message::Item,
4314 MIME::Base64, MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
4315 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::CalcEmu, Math::BigInt::FastCalc,
4316 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
4317 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
4318 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, Module::Build,
4319 Module::Build::API, Module::Build::Authoring, Module::Build::Base,
4320 Module::Build::Compat, Module::Build::ConfigData, Module::Build::Cookbook,
4321 Module::Build::ModuleInfo, Module::Build::Notes, Module::Build::PPMMaker,
4322 Module::Build::Platform::Amiga, Module::Build::Platform::Default,
4323 Module::Build::Platform::EBCDIC, Module::Build::Platform::MPEiX,
4324 Module::Build::Platform::MacOS, Module::Build::Platform::RiscOS,
4325 Module::Build::Platform::Unix, Module::Build::Platform::VMS,
4326 Module::Build::Platform::VOS, Module::Build::Platform::Windows,
4327 Module::Build::Platform::aix, Module::Build::Platform::cygwin,
4328 Module::Build::Platform::darwin, Module::Build::Platform::os2,
4329 Module::Build::YAML, Module::CoreList, Module::Load,
4330 Module::Load::Conditional, Module::Loaded, Module::Pluggable,
4331 Module::Pluggable::Object, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config,
4332 Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping,
4333 Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
4334 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
4335 Package::Constants, Params::Check, PerlIO, PerlIO::encoding,
4336 PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker,
4337 Pod::Escapes, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
4338 Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
4339 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
4340 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
4341 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
4342 Pod::Select, Pod::Simple, Pod::Simple::Checker, Pod::Simple::Debug,
4343 Pod::Simple::DumpAsText, Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML, Pod::Simple::HTML,
4344 Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch, Pod::Simple::LinkSection, Pod::Simple::Methody,
4345 Pod::Simple::PullParser, Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken,
4346 Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken, Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken,
4347 Pod::Simple::PullParserToken, Pod::Simple::RTF, Pod::Simple::Search,
4348 Pod::Simple::SimpleTree, Pod::Simple::Subclassing, Pod::Simple::Text,
4349 Pod::Simple::TextContent, Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream, Pod::Text,
4350 Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage,
4351 SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader,
4352 Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog,
4353 Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Term::UI, Test,
4354 Test::Builder, Test::Builder::Module, Test::Builder::Tester,
4355 Test::Builder::Tester::Color, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
4356 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Point, Test::Harness::Results,
4357 Test::Harness::Straps, Test::Harness::TAP, Test::Harness::Util, Test::More,
4358 Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
4359 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
4360 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle,
4361 Tie::Hash, Tie::Hash::NamedCapture, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
4362 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::Piece,
4363 Time::Piece::Seconds, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL,
4364 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
4365 User::pwent, Win32, Win32API::File, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap, XSLoader
4367 =item Extension Modules
4381 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
4382 Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
4384 =item Central America
4390 Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
4391 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
4392 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
4393 Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
4394 Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
4398 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
4399 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
4400 Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
4401 North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
4402 Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
4406 Australia, New Zealand, United States
4410 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
4416 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
4420 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
4422 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
4424 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
4432 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
4438 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
4442 =item Before you start
4450 =item Release considerations
4454 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
4458 =item Has it been done before?
4460 =item Do one thing and do it well
4462 =item What's in a name?
4466 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
4470 =item To OO or not to OO?
4472 =item Designing your API
4474 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
4475 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
4478 =item Strictness and warnings
4480 =item Backwards compatibility
4482 =item Error handling and messages
4486 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
4492 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
4494 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
4495 perl Build test, perl Build install
4499 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
4503 =item Version numbering
4505 =item Pre-requisites
4515 =item COMMON PITFALLS
4519 =item Reinventing the wheel
4521 =item Trying to do too much
4523 =item Inappropriate documentation
4529 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
4530 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
4537 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
4547 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
4548 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
4562 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
4572 =item What should I make into a module?
4574 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
4576 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
4578 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
4580 Start with F<module-starter> or F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and
4581 L<warnings|warnings>, Use L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!,
4582 Use L<plain old documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
4584 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
4586 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
4587 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
4597 =head2 perlpragma - how to write a user pragma
4603 =item A basic example
4605 =item Implementation details
4609 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4615 =item LIST OF UTILITIES
4621 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4622 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4623 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4624 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4628 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p> and L<psed>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4630 =item Administration
4632 L<config_data|config_data>, L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>, L<perlivp>
4636 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4637 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<enc2xs>, L<xsubpp>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<prove>,
4642 L<piconv>, L<ptar>, L<ptardiff>, L<shasum>
4646 L<cpan>, L<cpanp>, L<cpan2dist>, L<instmodsh>
4654 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
4664 B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
4668 =item Using The Back Ends
4672 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
4676 =item The Decompiling Back End
4678 =item The Lint Back End
4682 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
4684 B, O, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Terse,
4687 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4693 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4703 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4705 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4707 B<Decryption Filters>
4709 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4711 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4713 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4717 =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
4719 Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
4729 =head2 perlglossary - Perl Glossary
4739 accessor methods, actual arguments, address operator, algorithm, alias,
4740 alternatives, anonymous, architecture, argument, ARGV, arithmetical
4741 operator, array, array context, ASCII, assertion, assignment, assignment
4742 operator, associative array, associativity, asynchronous, atom, atomic
4743 operation, attribute, autogeneration, autoincrement, autoload, autosplit,
4744 autovivification, AV, awk
4748 backreference, backtracking, backward compatibility, bareword, base class,
4749 big-endian, binary, binary operator, bind, bit, bit shift, bit string,
4750 bless, block, BLOCK, block buffering, Boolean, Boolean context, breakpoint,
4751 broadcast, BSD, bucket, buffer, built-in, bundle, byte, bytecode
4755 C, C preprocessor, call by reference, call by value, callback, canonical,
4756 capturing, character, character class, character property, circumfix
4757 operator, class, class method, client, cloister, closure, cluster, CODE,
4758 code generator, code subpattern, collating sequence, command, command
4759 buffering, command name, command-line arguments, comment, compilation unit,
4760 compile phase, compile time, compiler, composer, concatenation,
4761 conditional, connection, construct, constructor, context, continuation,
4762 core dump, CPAN, cracker, current package, current working directory,
4763 currently selected output channel, CV
4767 dangling statement, data structure, data type, datagram, DBM, declaration,
4768 decrement, default, defined, delimiter, dereference, derived class,
4769 descriptor, destroy, destructor, device, directive, directory, directory
4770 handle, dispatch, distribution, dweomer, dwimmer, dynamic scoping
4774 eclectic, element, embedding, empty subclass test, en passant,
4775 encapsulation, endian, environment, environment variable, EOF, errno,
4776 error, escape sequence, exception, exception handling, exec, executable
4777 file, execute, execute bit, exit status, export, expression, extension
4781 false, FAQ, fatal error, field, FIFO, file, file descriptor, file test
4782 operator, fileglob, filehandle, filename, filesystem, filter, flag,
4783 floating point, flush, FMTEYEWTK, fork, formal arguments, format, freely
4784 available, freely redistributable, freeware, function, funny character,
4789 GID, glob, global, global destruction, glue language, granularity, greedy,
4794 hacker, handler, hard reference, hash, hash table, header file, here
4795 document, hexadecimal, home directory, host, hubris, HV
4799 identifier, impatience, implementation, import, increment, indexing,
4800 indirect filehandle, indirect object, indirect object slot, indirection,
4801 infix, inheritance, instance, instance variable, integer, interface,
4802 interpolation, interpreter, invocant, invocation, I/O, IO, IP, IPC, is-a,
4803 iteration, iterator, IV
4815 label, laziness, left shift, leftmost longest, lexeme, lexer, lexical
4816 analysis, lexical scoping, lexical variable, library, LIFO, line, line
4817 buffering, line number, link, LIST, list, list context, list operator, list
4818 value, literal, little-endian, local, logical operator, lookahead,
4819 lookbehind, loop, loop control statement, loop label, lvaluable, lvalue,
4824 magic, magical increment, magical variables, Makefile, man, manpage,
4825 matching, member data, memory, metacharacter, metasymbol, method,
4826 minimalism, mode, modifier, module, modulus, monger, mortal,
4827 multidimensional array, multiple inheritance
4831 named pipe, namespace, network address, newline, NFS, null character, null
4832 list, null string, numeric context, NV, nybble
4836 object, octal, offset, one-liner, open source software, operand, operating
4837 system, operator, operator overloading, options, overloading, overriding,
4842 package, pad, parameter, parent class, parse tree, parsing, patch, PATH,
4843 pathname, pattern, pattern matching, permission bits, Pern, pipe, pipeline,
4844 platform, pod, pointer, polymorphism, port, portable, porter, POSIX,
4845 postfix, pp, pragma, precedence, prefix, preprocessing, procedure, process,
4846 program generator, progressive matching, property, protocol, prototype,
4847 pseudofunction, pseudohash, pseudoliteral, public domain, pumpkin,
4852 qualified, quantifier
4856 readable, reaping, record, recursion, reference, referent, regex, regular
4857 expression, regular expression modifier, regular file, relational operator,
4858 reserved words, return value, RFC, right shift, root, RTFM, run phase, run
4859 time, run-time pattern, RV, rvalue
4863 scalar, scalar context, scalar literal, scalar value, scalar variable,
4864 scope, scratchpad, script, script kiddie, sed, semaphore, separator,
4865 serialization, server, service, setgid, setuid, shared memory, shebang,
4866 shell, side effects, signal, signal handler, single inheritance, slice,
4867 slurp, socket, soft reference, source filter, stack, standard, standard
4868 error, standard I/O, standard input, standard output, stat structure,
4869 statement, statement modifier, static, static method, static scoping,
4870 static variable, status, STDERR, STDIN, STDIO, STDOUT, stream, string,
4871 string context, stringification, struct, structure, subclass, subpattern,
4872 subroutine, subscript, substitution, substring, superclass, superuser, SV,
4873 switch, switch cluster, switch statement, symbol, symbol table, symbolic
4874 debugger, symbolic link, symbolic reference, synchronous, syntactic sugar,
4875 syntax, syntax tree, syscall
4879 tainted, TCP, term, terminator, ternary, text, thread, tie, TMTOWTDI,
4880 token, tokener, tokenizing, toolbox approach, transliterate, trigger,
4881 trinary, troff, true, truncating, type, type casting, typed lexical,
4882 typedef, typeglob, typemap
4886 UDP, UID, umask, unary operator, Unicode, Unix
4890 value, variable, variable interpolation, variadic, vector, virtual, void
4895 warning, watch expression, whitespace, word, working directory, wrapper,
4912 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
4916 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
4926 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
4927 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
4931 =item Compiling your C program
4933 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
4935 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
4937 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
4939 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
4941 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
4943 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
4945 =item Execution of END blocks
4947 =item $0 assignments
4949 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
4951 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
4956 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
4968 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
4974 =item Debugger Internals
4978 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
4982 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
4984 =item Debugging regular expressions
4988 =item Compile-time output
4990 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
4991 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
4992 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
4995 =item Types of nodes
4997 =item Run-time output
5001 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
5005 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
5007 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
5008 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
5017 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
5029 =item Version caveat
5031 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
5043 =item What has gone on?
5045 =item Writing good test scripts
5049 =item What's new here?
5051 =item Input and Output Parameters
5053 =item The XSUBPP Program
5055 =item The TYPEMAP file
5057 =item Warning about Output Arguments
5061 =item What has happened here?
5063 =item Anatomy of .xs file
5065 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
5067 =item More about XSUB arguments
5069 =item The Argument Stack
5071 =item Extending your Extension
5073 =item Documenting your Extension
5075 =item Installing your Extension
5079 =item New Things in this Example
5083 =item New Things in this Example
5085 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
5087 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
5089 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
5091 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
5107 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
5119 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
5121 =item The Argument Stack
5123 =item The RETVAL Variable
5125 =item Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL
5127 =item The MODULE Keyword
5129 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
5131 =item The PREFIX Keyword
5133 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
5135 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
5137 =item The CODE: Keyword
5139 =item The INIT: Keyword
5141 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
5143 =item Initializing Function Parameters
5145 =item Default Parameter Values
5147 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
5149 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
5151 =item The INPUT: Keyword
5153 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
5155 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
5157 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
5159 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
5161 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
5163 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
5165 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
5167 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
5169 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
5171 =item The BOOT: Keyword
5173 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
5175 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
5177 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
5179 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
5181 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
5183 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
5185 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
5187 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
5189 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
5191 =item The CASE: Keyword
5193 =item The & Unary Operator
5195 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
5197 =item Using XS With C++
5199 =item Interface Strategy
5201 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
5205 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
5207 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT,
5208 aMY_CXT/pMY_CXT, MY_CXT_CLONE, MY_CXT_INIT_INTERP(my_perl),
5209 dMY_CXT_INTERP(my_perl)
5211 =item Thread-aware system interfaces
5223 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
5233 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
5235 =item File Operations
5237 =item File Input and Output
5239 =item File Positioning
5241 =item Memory Management and String Handling
5243 =item Character Class Tests
5245 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
5247 =item Miscellaneous functions
5255 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
5267 =item What is an "IV"?
5269 =item Working with SVs
5273 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
5275 =item Working with AVs
5277 =item Working with HVs
5279 =item Hash API Extensions
5281 =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
5285 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
5287 =item Creating New Variables
5289 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
5291 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
5293 =item Stashes and Globs
5295 =item Double-Typed SVs
5297 =item Magic Variables
5299 =item Assigning Magic
5301 =item Magic Virtual Tables
5305 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
5307 =item Localizing changes
5309 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
5310 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
5311 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
5312 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
5313 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
5314 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
5315 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
5316 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
5317 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
5318 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
5326 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
5328 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
5330 =item Memory Allocation
5334 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
5338 =item Scratchpads and recursion
5348 =item Examining the tree
5350 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
5352 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
5354 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
5356 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
5358 =item Pluggable runops
5362 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
5364 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
5368 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
5370 =item So what happened to dTHR?
5372 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
5374 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
5376 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
5380 =item Internal Functions
5382 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b, others
5386 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
5388 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
5390 =item Exception Handling
5392 =item Source Documentation
5394 =item Backwards compatibility
5398 =item Unicode Support
5402 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
5404 =item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
5406 =item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
5408 =item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
5410 =item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
5412 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
5416 =item Custom Operators
5424 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
5430 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
5432 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
5434 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
5454 =item Determining the Context
5462 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
5464 =item Passing Parameters
5466 =item Returning a Scalar
5468 =item Returning a list of values
5470 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
5472 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
5476 =item Using G_KEEPERR
5480 =item Using call_argv
5482 =item Using call_method
5486 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
5488 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
5490 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
5491 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
5494 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
5496 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
5500 =item LIGHTWEIGHT CALLBACKS
5510 =head2 perlreapi - perl regular expression plugin interface
5522 C</m> - RXf_PMf_MULTILINE, C</s> - RXf_PMf_SINGLELINE, C</i> -
5523 RXf_PMf_FOLD, C</x> - RXf_PMf_EXTENDED, C</p> - RXf_PMf_KEEPCOPY,
5524 RXf_SKIPWHITE, RXf_PMf_LOCALE, RXf_UTF8, RXf_START_ONLY, RXf_WHITE
5534 =item Numbered capture callbacks
5536 =item Named capture callbacks
5544 =item The REGEXP structure
5554 =item C<minlen> C<minlenret>
5560 =item C<nparens>, C<lasparen>, and C<lastcloseparen>
5570 =item C<precomp> C<prelen>
5572 =item C<paren_names>
5576 =item C<subbeg> C<sublen> C<saved_copy>
5578 =item C<wrapped> C<wraplen>
5594 =head2 perlreguts - Description of the Perl regular expression engine.
5604 =item A quick note on terms
5606 =item What is a regular expression engine?
5608 =item Structure of a Regexp Program
5610 C<regnode_1>, C<regnode_2>, C<regnode_string>, C<regnode_charclass>,
5611 C<regnode_charclass_class>
5615 =item Process Overview
5617 A. Compilation, 1. Parsing for size, 2. Parsing for construction, 3.
5618 Peep-hole optimisation and analysis, B. Execution, 4. Start position and
5619 no-match optimisations, 5. Program execution
5625 anchored fixed strings, floating fixed strings, minimum and maximum length
5626 requirements, start class, Beginning/End of line positions
5636 =item Unicode and Localisation Support
5638 =item Base Structures
5640 C<swap>, C<offsets>, C<regstclass>, C<data>, C<program>
5654 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
5659 X<Perl API> X<API> X<api>
5661 =item "Gimme" Values
5663 GIMME X<GIMME>, GIMME_V X<GIMME_V>, G_ARRAY X<G_ARRAY>, G_DISCARD
5664 X<G_DISCARD>, G_EVAL X<G_EVAL>, G_NOARGS X<G_NOARGS>, G_SCALAR X<G_SCALAR>,
5667 =item Array Manipulation Functions
5669 AvFILL X<AvFILL>, av_clear X<av_clear>, av_create_and_push
5670 X<av_create_and_push>, av_create_and_unshift_one
5671 X<av_create_and_unshift_one>, av_delete X<av_delete>, av_exists
5672 X<av_exists>, av_extend X<av_extend>, av_fetch X<av_fetch>, av_fill
5673 X<av_fill>, av_len X<av_len>, av_make X<av_make>, av_pop X<av_pop>, av_push
5674 X<av_push>, av_shift X<av_shift>, av_store X<av_store>, av_undef
5675 X<av_undef>, av_unshift X<av_unshift>, get_av X<get_av>, newAV X<newAV>,
5676 sortsv X<sortsv>, sortsv_flags X<sortsv_flags>
5678 =item Callback Functions
5680 call_argv X<call_argv>, call_method X<call_method>, call_pv X<call_pv>,
5681 call_sv X<call_sv>, ENTER X<ENTER>, eval_pv X<eval_pv>, eval_sv X<eval_sv>,
5682 FREETMPS X<FREETMPS>, LEAVE X<LEAVE>, SAVETMPS X<SAVETMPS>
5684 =item Character classes
5686 isALNUM X<isALNUM>, isALPHA X<isALPHA>, isDIGIT X<isDIGIT>, isLOWER
5687 X<isLOWER>, isSPACE X<isSPACE>, isUPPER X<isUPPER>, toLOWER X<toLOWER>,
5690 =item Cloning an interpreter
5692 perl_clone X<perl_clone>
5694 =item CV Manipulation Functions
5696 CvSTASH X<CvSTASH>, get_cv X<get_cv>, get_cvn_flags X<get_cvn_flags>
5698 =item Embedding Functions
5700 cv_undef X<cv_undef>, load_module X<load_module>, nothreadhook
5701 X<nothreadhook>, perl_alloc X<perl_alloc>, perl_construct
5702 X<perl_construct>, perl_destruct X<perl_destruct>, perl_free X<perl_free>,
5703 perl_parse X<perl_parse>, perl_run X<perl_run>, require_pv X<require_pv>
5705 =item Functions in file dump.c
5707 pv_display X<pv_display>, pv_escape X<pv_escape>, pv_pretty X<pv_pretty>
5709 =item Functions in file mathoms.c
5711 gv_fetchmethod X<gv_fetchmethod>, pack_cat X<pack_cat>, sv_2pvbyte_nolen
5712 X<sv_2pvbyte_nolen>, sv_2pvutf8_nolen X<sv_2pvutf8_nolen>, sv_2pv_nolen
5713 X<sv_2pv_nolen>, sv_catpvn_mg X<sv_catpvn_mg>, sv_catsv_mg X<sv_catsv_mg>,
5714 sv_force_normal X<sv_force_normal>, sv_iv X<sv_iv>, sv_nolocking
5715 X<sv_nolocking>, sv_nounlocking X<sv_nounlocking>, sv_nv X<sv_nv>, sv_pv
5716 X<sv_pv>, sv_pvbyte X<sv_pvbyte>, sv_pvbyten X<sv_pvbyten>, sv_pvn
5717 X<sv_pvn>, sv_pvutf8 X<sv_pvutf8>, sv_pvutf8n X<sv_pvutf8n>, sv_taint
5718 X<sv_taint>, sv_unref X<sv_unref>, sv_usepvn X<sv_usepvn>, sv_usepvn_mg
5719 X<sv_usepvn_mg>, sv_uv X<sv_uv>, unpack_str X<unpack_str>
5721 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
5723 packlist X<packlist>, unpackstring X<unpackstring>
5727 GvSV X<GvSV>, gv_const_sv X<gv_const_sv>, gv_fetchmeth X<gv_fetchmeth>,
5728 gv_fetchmethod_autoload X<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>, gv_fetchmeth_autoload
5729 X<gv_fetchmeth_autoload>, gv_stashpv X<gv_stashpv>, gv_stashpvn
5730 X<gv_stashpvn>, gv_stashpvs X<gv_stashpvs>, gv_stashsv X<gv_stashsv>
5734 Nullav X<Nullav>, Nullch X<Nullch>, Nullcv X<Nullcv>, Nullhv X<Nullhv>,
5737 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
5739 get_hv X<get_hv>, HEf_SVKEY X<HEf_SVKEY>, HeHASH X<HeHASH>, HeKEY X<HeKEY>,
5740 HeKLEN X<HeKLEN>, HePV X<HePV>, HeSVKEY X<HeSVKEY>, HeSVKEY_force
5741 X<HeSVKEY_force>, HeSVKEY_set X<HeSVKEY_set>, HeVAL X<HeVAL>, HvNAME
5742 X<HvNAME>, hv_assert X<hv_assert>, hv_clear X<hv_clear>,
5743 hv_clear_placeholders X<hv_clear_placeholders>, hv_delete X<hv_delete>,
5744 hv_delete_ent X<hv_delete_ent>, hv_exists X<hv_exists>, hv_exists_ent
5745 X<hv_exists_ent>, hv_fetch X<hv_fetch>, hv_fetchs X<hv_fetchs>,
5746 hv_fetch_ent X<hv_fetch_ent>, hv_iterinit X<hv_iterinit>, hv_iterkey
5747 X<hv_iterkey>, hv_iterkeysv X<hv_iterkeysv>, hv_iternext X<hv_iternext>,
5748 hv_iternextsv X<hv_iternextsv>, hv_iternext_flags X<hv_iternext_flags>,
5749 hv_iterval X<hv_iterval>, hv_magic X<hv_magic>, hv_scalar X<hv_scalar>,
5750 hv_store X<hv_store>, hv_stores X<hv_stores>, hv_store_ent X<hv_store_ent>,
5751 hv_undef X<hv_undef>, newHV X<newHV>
5753 =item Magical Functions
5755 mg_clear X<mg_clear>, mg_copy X<mg_copy>, mg_find X<mg_find>, mg_free
5756 X<mg_free>, mg_get X<mg_get>, mg_length X<mg_length>, mg_magical
5757 X<mg_magical>, mg_set X<mg_set>, SvGETMAGIC X<SvGETMAGIC>, SvLOCK
5758 X<SvLOCK>, SvSETMAGIC X<SvSETMAGIC>, SvSetMagicSV X<SvSetMagicSV>,
5759 SvSetMagicSV_nosteal X<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>, SvSetSV X<SvSetSV>,
5760 SvSetSV_nosteal X<SvSetSV_nosteal>, SvSHARE X<SvSHARE>, SvUNLOCK
5763 =item Memory Management
5765 Copy X<Copy>, CopyD X<CopyD>, Move X<Move>, MoveD X<MoveD>, Newx X<Newx>,
5766 Newxc X<Newxc>, Newxz X<Newxz>, Poison X<Poison>, PoisonFree X<PoisonFree>,
5767 PoisonNew X<PoisonNew>, PoisonWith X<PoisonWith>, Renew X<Renew>, Renewc
5768 X<Renewc>, Safefree X<Safefree>, savepv X<savepv>, savepvn X<savepvn>,
5769 savepvs X<savepvs>, savesharedpv X<savesharedpv>, savesharedpvn
5770 X<savesharedpvn>, savesvpv X<savesvpv>, StructCopy X<StructCopy>, Zero
5771 X<Zero>, ZeroD X<ZeroD>
5773 =item Miscellaneous Functions
5775 fbm_compile X<fbm_compile>, fbm_instr X<fbm_instr>, form X<form>, getcwd_sv
5776 X<getcwd_sv>, my_snprintf X<my_snprintf>, my_sprintf X<my_sprintf>,
5777 my_vsnprintf X<my_vsnprintf>, new_version X<new_version>, scan_version
5778 X<scan_version>, strEQ X<strEQ>, strGE X<strGE>, strGT X<strGT>, strLE
5779 X<strLE>, strLT X<strLT>, strNE X<strNE>, strnEQ X<strnEQ>, strnNE
5780 X<strnNE>, sv_nosharing X<sv_nosharing>, upg_version X<upg_version>, vcmp
5781 X<vcmp>, vnormal X<vnormal>, vnumify X<vnumify>, vstringify X<vstringify>,
5786 mro_get_linear_isa X<mro_get_linear_isa>, mro_get_linear_isa_c3
5787 X<mro_get_linear_isa_c3>, mro_get_linear_isa_dfs X<mro_get_linear_isa_dfs>,
5788 mro_method_changed_in X<mro_method_changed_in>
5790 =item Multicall Functions
5792 dMULTICALL X<dMULTICALL>, MULTICALL X<MULTICALL>, POP_MULTICALL
5793 X<POP_MULTICALL>, PUSH_MULTICALL X<PUSH_MULTICALL>
5795 =item Numeric functions
5797 grok_bin X<grok_bin>, grok_hex X<grok_hex>, grok_number X<grok_number>,
5798 grok_numeric_radix X<grok_numeric_radix>, grok_oct X<grok_oct>,
5799 Perl_signbit X<Perl_signbit>, scan_bin X<scan_bin>, scan_hex X<scan_hex>,
5800 scan_oct X<scan_oct>
5802 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
5804 cv_const_sv X<cv_const_sv>, newCONSTSUB X<newCONSTSUB>, newXS X<newXS>
5806 =item Pad Data Structures
5810 =item Per-Interpreter Variables
5812 PL_modglobal X<PL_modglobal>, PL_na X<PL_na>, PL_sv_no X<PL_sv_no>,
5813 PL_sv_undef X<PL_sv_undef>, PL_sv_yes X<PL_sv_yes>
5815 =item REGEXP Functions
5817 SvRX X<SvRX>, SvRXOK X<SvRXOK>
5819 =item Simple Exception Handling Macros
5821 dXCPT X<dXCPT>, XCPT_CATCH X<XCPT_CATCH>, XCPT_RETHROW X<XCPT_RETHROW>,
5822 XCPT_TRY_END X<XCPT_TRY_END>, XCPT_TRY_START X<XCPT_TRY_START>
5824 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
5826 dMARK X<dMARK>, dORIGMARK X<dORIGMARK>, dSP X<dSP>, EXTEND X<EXTEND>, MARK
5827 X<MARK>, mPUSHi X<mPUSHi>, mPUSHn X<mPUSHn>, mPUSHp X<mPUSHp>, mPUSHu
5828 X<mPUSHu>, mXPUSHi X<mXPUSHi>, mXPUSHn X<mXPUSHn>, mXPUSHp X<mXPUSHp>,
5829 mXPUSHu X<mXPUSHu>, ORIGMARK X<ORIGMARK>, POPi X<POPi>, POPl X<POPl>, POPn
5830 X<POPn>, POPp X<POPp>, POPpbytex X<POPpbytex>, POPpx X<POPpx>, POPs
5831 X<POPs>, PUSHi X<PUSHi>, PUSHMARK X<PUSHMARK>, PUSHmortal X<PUSHmortal>,
5832 PUSHn X<PUSHn>, PUSHp X<PUSHp>, PUSHs X<PUSHs>, PUSHu X<PUSHu>, PUTBACK
5833 X<PUTBACK>, SP X<SP>, SPAGAIN X<SPAGAIN>, XPUSHi X<XPUSHi>, XPUSHmortal
5834 X<XPUSHmortal>, XPUSHn X<XPUSHn>, XPUSHp X<XPUSHp>, XPUSHs X<XPUSHs>,
5835 XPUSHu X<XPUSHu>, XSRETURN X<XSRETURN>, XSRETURN_EMPTY X<XSRETURN_EMPTY>,
5836 XSRETURN_IV X<XSRETURN_IV>, XSRETURN_NO X<XSRETURN_NO>, XSRETURN_NV
5837 X<XSRETURN_NV>, XSRETURN_PV X<XSRETURN_PV>, XSRETURN_UNDEF
5838 X<XSRETURN_UNDEF>, XSRETURN_UV X<XSRETURN_UV>, XSRETURN_YES
5839 X<XSRETURN_YES>, XST_mIV X<XST_mIV>, XST_mNO X<XST_mNO>, XST_mNV
5840 X<XST_mNV>, XST_mPV X<XST_mPV>, XST_mUNDEF X<XST_mUNDEF>, XST_mYES
5845 svtype X<svtype>, SVt_IV X<SVt_IV>, SVt_NV X<SVt_NV>, SVt_PV X<SVt_PV>,
5846 SVt_PVAV X<SVt_PVAV>, SVt_PVCV X<SVt_PVCV>, SVt_PVHV X<SVt_PVHV>, SVt_PVMG
5849 =item SV Manipulation Functions
5851 get_sv X<get_sv>, newRV_inc X<newRV_inc>, SvCUR X<SvCUR>, SvCUR_set
5852 X<SvCUR_set>, SvEND X<SvEND>, SvGAMAGIC X<SvGAMAGIC>, SvGROW X<SvGROW>,
5853 SvIOK X<SvIOK>, SvIOKp X<SvIOKp>, SvIOK_notUV X<SvIOK_notUV>, SvIOK_off
5854 X<SvIOK_off>, SvIOK_on X<SvIOK_on>, SvIOK_only X<SvIOK_only>, SvIOK_only_UV
5855 X<SvIOK_only_UV>, SvIOK_UV X<SvIOK_UV>, SvIsCOW X<SvIsCOW>,
5856 SvIsCOW_shared_hash X<SvIsCOW_shared_hash>, SvIV X<SvIV>, SvIVX X<SvIVX>,
5857 SvIVx X<SvIVx>, SvIV_nomg X<SvIV_nomg>, SvIV_set X<SvIV_set>, SvLEN
5858 X<SvLEN>, SvLEN_set X<SvLEN_set>, SvMAGIC_set X<SvMAGIC_set>, SvNIOK
5859 X<SvNIOK>, SvNIOKp X<SvNIOKp>, SvNIOK_off X<SvNIOK_off>, SvNOK X<SvNOK>,
5860 SvNOKp X<SvNOKp>, SvNOK_off X<SvNOK_off>, SvNOK_on X<SvNOK_on>, SvNOK_only
5861 X<SvNOK_only>, SvNV X<SvNV>, SvNVX X<SvNVX>, SvNVx X<SvNVx>, SvNV_set
5862 X<SvNV_set>, SvOK X<SvOK>, SvOOK X<SvOOK>, SvPOK X<SvPOK>, SvPOKp
5863 X<SvPOKp>, SvPOK_off X<SvPOK_off>, SvPOK_on X<SvPOK_on>, SvPOK_only
5864 X<SvPOK_only>, SvPOK_only_UTF8 X<SvPOK_only_UTF8>, SvPV X<SvPV>, SvPVbyte
5865 X<SvPVbyte>, SvPVbytex X<SvPVbytex>, SvPVbytex_force X<SvPVbytex_force>,
5866 SvPVbyte_force X<SvPVbyte_force>, SvPVbyte_nolen X<SvPVbyte_nolen>,
5867 SvPVutf8 X<SvPVutf8>, SvPVutf8x X<SvPVutf8x>, SvPVutf8x_force
5868 X<SvPVutf8x_force>, SvPVutf8_force X<SvPVutf8_force>, SvPVutf8_nolen
5869 X<SvPVutf8_nolen>, SvPVX X<SvPVX>, SvPVx X<SvPVx>, SvPV_force
5870 X<SvPV_force>, SvPV_force_nomg X<SvPV_force_nomg>, SvPV_nolen
5871 X<SvPV_nolen>, SvPV_nomg X<SvPV_nomg>, SvPV_set X<SvPV_set>, SvREFCNT
5872 X<SvREFCNT>, SvREFCNT_dec X<SvREFCNT_dec>, SvREFCNT_inc X<SvREFCNT_inc>,
5873 SvREFCNT_inc_NN X<SvREFCNT_inc_NN>, SvREFCNT_inc_simple
5874 X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple>, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN>,
5875 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void>,
5876 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN>,
5877 SvREFCNT_inc_void X<SvREFCNT_inc_void>, SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN
5878 X<SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN>, SvROK X<SvROK>, SvROK_off X<SvROK_off>, SvROK_on
5879 X<SvROK_on>, SvRV X<SvRV>, SvRV_set X<SvRV_set>, SvSTASH X<SvSTASH>,
5880 SvSTASH_set X<SvSTASH_set>, SvTAINT X<SvTAINT>, SvTAINTED X<SvTAINTED>,
5881 SvTAINTED_off X<SvTAINTED_off>, SvTAINTED_on X<SvTAINTED_on>, SvTRUE
5882 X<SvTRUE>, SvTYPE X<SvTYPE>, SvUOK X<SvUOK>, SvUPGRADE X<SvUPGRADE>, SvUTF8
5883 X<SvUTF8>, SvUTF8_off X<SvUTF8_off>, SvUTF8_on X<SvUTF8_on>, SvUV X<SvUV>,
5884 SvUVX X<SvUVX>, SvUVx X<SvUVx>, SvUV_nomg X<SvUV_nomg>, SvUV_set
5885 X<SvUV_set>, SvVOK X<SvVOK>, sv_catpvn_nomg X<sv_catpvn_nomg>,
5886 sv_catsv_nomg X<sv_catsv_nomg>, sv_derived_from X<sv_derived_from>, sv_does
5887 X<sv_does>, sv_report_used X<sv_report_used>, sv_setsv_nomg
5890 =item SV-Body Allocation
5892 looks_like_number X<looks_like_number>, newRV_noinc X<newRV_noinc>, newSV
5893 X<newSV>, newSVhek X<newSVhek>, newSViv X<newSViv>, newSVnv X<newSVnv>,
5894 newSVpv X<newSVpv>, newSVpvf X<newSVpvf>, newSVpvn X<newSVpvn>,
5895 newSVpvn_share X<newSVpvn_share>, newSVpvs X<newSVpvs>, newSVpvs_share
5896 X<newSVpvs_share>, newSVrv X<newSVrv>, newSVsv X<newSVsv>, newSVuv
5897 X<newSVuv>, newSV_type X<newSV_type>, sv_2bool X<sv_2bool>, sv_2cv
5898 X<sv_2cv>, sv_2io X<sv_2io>, sv_2iv_flags X<sv_2iv_flags>, sv_2mortal
5899 X<sv_2mortal>, sv_2nv X<sv_2nv>, sv_2pvbyte X<sv_2pvbyte>, sv_2pvutf8
5900 X<sv_2pvutf8>, sv_2pv_flags X<sv_2pv_flags>, sv_2uv_flags X<sv_2uv_flags>,
5901 sv_backoff X<sv_backoff>, sv_bless X<sv_bless>, sv_catpv X<sv_catpv>,
5902 sv_catpvf X<sv_catpvf>, sv_catpvf_mg X<sv_catpvf_mg>, sv_catpvn
5903 X<sv_catpvn>, sv_catpvn_flags X<sv_catpvn_flags>, sv_catpvs X<sv_catpvs>,
5904 sv_catpv_mg X<sv_catpv_mg>, sv_catsv X<sv_catsv>, sv_catsv_flags
5905 X<sv_catsv_flags>, sv_chop X<sv_chop>, sv_clear X<sv_clear>, sv_cmp
5906 X<sv_cmp>, sv_cmp_locale X<sv_cmp_locale>, sv_collxfrm X<sv_collxfrm>,
5907 sv_copypv X<sv_copypv>, sv_dec X<sv_dec>, sv_eq X<sv_eq>,
5908 sv_force_normal_flags X<sv_force_normal_flags>, sv_free X<sv_free>, sv_gets
5909 X<sv_gets>, sv_grow X<sv_grow>, sv_inc X<sv_inc>, sv_insert X<sv_insert>,
5910 sv_isa X<sv_isa>, sv_isobject X<sv_isobject>, sv_len X<sv_len>, sv_len_utf8
5911 X<sv_len_utf8>, sv_magic X<sv_magic>, sv_magicext X<sv_magicext>,
5912 sv_mortalcopy X<sv_mortalcopy>, sv_newmortal X<sv_newmortal>, sv_newref
5913 X<sv_newref>, sv_pos_b2u X<sv_pos_b2u>, sv_pos_u2b X<sv_pos_u2b>,
5914 sv_pvbyten_force X<sv_pvbyten_force>, sv_pvn_force X<sv_pvn_force>,
5915 sv_pvn_force_flags X<sv_pvn_force_flags>, sv_pvutf8n_force
5916 X<sv_pvutf8n_force>, sv_reftype X<sv_reftype>, sv_replace X<sv_replace>,
5917 sv_reset X<sv_reset>, sv_rvweaken X<sv_rvweaken>, sv_setiv X<sv_setiv>,
5918 sv_setiv_mg X<sv_setiv_mg>, sv_setnv X<sv_setnv>, sv_setnv_mg
5919 X<sv_setnv_mg>, sv_setpv X<sv_setpv>, sv_setpvf X<sv_setpvf>, sv_setpvf_mg
5920 X<sv_setpvf_mg>, sv_setpviv X<sv_setpviv>, sv_setpviv_mg X<sv_setpviv_mg>,
5921 sv_setpvn X<sv_setpvn>, sv_setpvn_mg X<sv_setpvn_mg>, sv_setpvs
5922 X<sv_setpvs>, sv_setpv_mg X<sv_setpv_mg>, sv_setref_iv X<sv_setref_iv>,
5923 sv_setref_nv X<sv_setref_nv>, sv_setref_pv X<sv_setref_pv>, sv_setref_pvn
5924 X<sv_setref_pvn>, sv_setref_uv X<sv_setref_uv>, sv_setsv X<sv_setsv>,
5925 sv_setsv_flags X<sv_setsv_flags>, sv_setsv_mg X<sv_setsv_mg>, sv_setuv
5926 X<sv_setuv>, sv_setuv_mg X<sv_setuv_mg>, sv_tainted X<sv_tainted>, sv_true
5927 X<sv_true>, sv_unmagic X<sv_unmagic>, sv_unref_flags X<sv_unref_flags>,
5928 sv_untaint X<sv_untaint>, sv_upgrade X<sv_upgrade>, sv_usepvn_flags
5929 X<sv_usepvn_flags>, sv_utf8_decode X<sv_utf8_decode>, sv_utf8_downgrade
5930 X<sv_utf8_downgrade>, sv_utf8_encode X<sv_utf8_encode>, sv_utf8_upgrade
5931 X<sv_utf8_upgrade>, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags X<sv_utf8_upgrade_flags>,
5932 sv_vcatpvf X<sv_vcatpvf>, sv_vcatpvfn X<sv_vcatpvfn>, sv_vcatpvf_mg
5933 X<sv_vcatpvf_mg>, sv_vsetpvf X<sv_vsetpvf>, sv_vsetpvfn X<sv_vsetpvfn>,
5934 sv_vsetpvf_mg X<sv_vsetpvf_mg>
5936 =item Unicode Support
5938 bytes_from_utf8 X<bytes_from_utf8>, bytes_to_utf8 X<bytes_to_utf8>,
5939 ibcmp_utf8 X<ibcmp_utf8>, is_utf8_char X<is_utf8_char>, is_utf8_string
5940 X<is_utf8_string>, is_utf8_string_loc X<is_utf8_string_loc>,
5941 is_utf8_string_loclen X<is_utf8_string_loclen>, pv_uni_display
5942 X<pv_uni_display>, sv_cat_decode X<sv_cat_decode>, sv_recode_to_utf8
5943 X<sv_recode_to_utf8>, sv_uni_display X<sv_uni_display>, to_utf8_case
5944 X<to_utf8_case>, to_utf8_fold X<to_utf8_fold>, to_utf8_lower
5945 X<to_utf8_lower>, to_utf8_title X<to_utf8_title>, to_utf8_upper
5946 X<to_utf8_upper>, utf8n_to_uvchr X<utf8n_to_uvchr>, utf8n_to_uvuni
5947 X<utf8n_to_uvuni>, utf8_distance X<utf8_distance>, utf8_hop X<utf8_hop>,
5948 utf8_length X<utf8_length>, utf8_to_bytes X<utf8_to_bytes>, utf8_to_uvchr
5949 X<utf8_to_uvchr>, utf8_to_uvuni X<utf8_to_uvuni>, uvchr_to_utf8
5950 X<uvchr_to_utf8>, uvuni_to_utf8_flags X<uvuni_to_utf8_flags>
5952 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
5954 ax X<ax>, CLASS X<CLASS>, dAX X<dAX>, dAXMARK X<dAXMARK>, dITEMS X<dITEMS>,
5955 dUNDERBAR X<dUNDERBAR>, dXSARGS X<dXSARGS>, dXSI32 X<dXSI32>, items
5956 X<items>, ix X<ix>, newXSproto X<newXSproto>, RETVAL X<RETVAL>, ST X<ST>,
5957 THIS X<THIS>, UNDERBAR X<UNDERBAR>, XS X<XS>, XS_VERSION X<XS_VERSION>,
5958 XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK X<XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK>
5960 =item Warning and Dieing
5962 croak X<croak>, warn X<warn>
5970 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
5976 X<internal Perl functions> X<interpreter functions>
5978 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
5980 CvWEAKOUTSIDE X<CvWEAKOUTSIDE>
5982 =item Functions in file pad.h
5984 CX_CURPAD_SAVE X<CX_CURPAD_SAVE>, CX_CURPAD_SV X<CX_CURPAD_SV>, PAD_BASE_SV
5985 X<PAD_BASE_SV>, PAD_CLONE_VARS X<PAD_CLONE_VARS>, PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS
5986 X<PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS>, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN X<PAD_COMPNAME_GEN>,
5987 PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set X<PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set>, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH
5988 X<PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH>, PAD_COMPNAME_PV X<PAD_COMPNAME_PV>,
5989 PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE X<PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE>, PAD_DUP X<PAD_DUP>,
5990 PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL X<PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL>, PAD_SAVE_LOCAL X<PAD_SAVE_LOCAL>,
5991 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD X<PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD>, PAD_SETSV X<PAD_SETSV>,
5992 PAD_SET_CUR X<PAD_SET_CUR>, PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE X<PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE>,
5993 PAD_SV X<PAD_SV>, PAD_SVl X<PAD_SVl>, SAVECLEARSV X<SAVECLEARSV>,
5994 SAVECOMPPAD X<SAVECOMPPAD>, SAVEPADSV X<SAVEPADSV>
5996 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
5998 find_runcv X<find_runcv>
6002 is_gv_magical X<is_gv_magical>, is_gv_magical_sv X<is_gv_magical_sv>
6004 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
6006 refcounted_he_chain_2hv X<refcounted_he_chain_2hv>, refcounted_he_free
6007 X<refcounted_he_free>, refcounted_he_new X<refcounted_he_new>
6011 start_glob X<start_glob>
6013 =item Magical Functions
6015 magic_sethint X<magic_sethint>, mg_localize X<mg_localize>
6019 mro_isa_changed_in X<mro_isa_changed_in>
6021 =item Pad Data Structures
6023 CvPADLIST X<CvPADLIST>, cv_clone X<cv_clone>, cv_dump X<cv_dump>,
6024 do_dump_pad X<do_dump_pad>, intro_my X<intro_my>, pad_add_anon
6025 X<pad_add_anon>, pad_add_name X<pad_add_name>, pad_alloc X<pad_alloc>,
6026 pad_block_start X<pad_block_start>, pad_check_dup X<pad_check_dup>,
6027 pad_findlex X<pad_findlex>, pad_findmy X<pad_findmy>, pad_fixup_inner_anons
6028 X<pad_fixup_inner_anons>, pad_free X<pad_free>, pad_leavemy X<pad_leavemy>,
6029 pad_new X<pad_new>, pad_push X<pad_push>, pad_reset X<pad_reset>, pad_setsv
6030 X<pad_setsv>, pad_swipe X<pad_swipe>, pad_tidy X<pad_tidy>, pad_undef
6033 =item Per-Interpreter Variables
6035 PL_DBsingle X<PL_DBsingle>, PL_DBsub X<PL_DBsub>, PL_DBtrace X<PL_DBtrace>,
6036 PL_dowarn X<PL_dowarn>, PL_last_in_gv X<PL_last_in_gv>, PL_ofs_sv
6037 X<PL_ofs_sv>, PL_rs X<PL_rs>
6039 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
6041 djSP X<djSP>, LVRET X<LVRET>
6043 =item SV Manipulation Functions
6045 sv_add_arena X<sv_add_arena>, sv_clean_all X<sv_clean_all>, sv_clean_objs
6046 X<sv_clean_objs>, sv_free_arenas X<sv_free_arenas>
6048 =item Unicode Support
6050 find_uninit_var X<find_uninit_var>, report_uninit X<report_uninit>
6058 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
6068 =item History and Background
6070 =item Basic Structure
6072 =item Layers vs Disciplines
6074 =item Data Structures
6076 =item Functions and Attributes
6078 =item Per-instance Data
6080 =item Layers in action.
6082 =item Per-instance flag bits
6084 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
6085 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
6086 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
6087 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
6089 =item Methods in Detail
6091 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
6092 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
6093 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
6094 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
6099 =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
6101 C implementations, Perl implementations
6105 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
6107 =item Extension Layers
6109 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
6117 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
6125 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
6126 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
6127 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
6128 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
6129 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
6130 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
6131 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
6132 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
6133 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
6134 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
6135 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
6139 =item Co-existence with stdio
6141 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
6142 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
6144 =item "Fast gets" Functions
6146 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
6147 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
6148 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
6149 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
6151 =item Other Functions
6153 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
6154 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
6160 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
6166 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
6167 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
6168 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
6169 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
6170 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
6171 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
6172 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
6176 =item Keeping in sync
6178 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
6179 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
6181 =item Why rsync the source tree
6183 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
6185 =item Why rsync the patches
6187 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
6188 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
6190 =item Working with the source
6192 =item Perlbug administration
6194 =item Submitting patches
6196 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
6197 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
6199 =item Finding Your Way Around
6201 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
6203 =item Elements of the interpreter
6205 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running, Exception handing
6207 =item Internal Variable Types
6213 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
6215 =item Millions of Macros
6217 =item The .i Targets
6221 =item SOURCE CODE STATIC ANALYSIS
6229 =item cpd (cut-and-paste detector)
6233 =item Warnings of other C compilers
6237 =item Poking at Perl
6239 =item Using a source-level debugger
6241 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
6242 finish, 'enter', print
6244 =item gdb macro support
6246 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
6250 =item Patching a core module
6252 =item Adding a new function to the core
6254 =item Writing a test
6256 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
6257 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
6258 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
6260 =item Special Make Test Targets
6262 coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind
6263 check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third
6264 utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8
6265 check.utf8, minitest.utf16 test.utf16, test_harness, test-notty test_notty
6267 =item Running tests by hand
6269 -v, -torture, -re=PATTERN, -re LIST OF PATTERNS, PERL_CORE=1,
6270 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
6272 =item Common problems when patching Perl source code
6274 =item Perl environment problems
6276 =item Portability problems
6278 =item Problematic System Interfaces
6280 =item Security problems
6284 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
6288 =item Rational Software's Purify
6290 =item Purify on Unix
6292 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
6296 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
6300 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
6302 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
6308 =item Gprof Profiling
6310 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
6312 =item GCC gcov Profiling
6314 =item Pixie Profiling
6316 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
6319 =item Miscellaneous tricks
6325 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
6331 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
6339 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
6345 =item The roadmap to 5.10
6349 =item Needed for the final 5.10.0 release
6353 =item Tasks that only need Perl knowledge
6357 =item common test code for timed bail out
6359 =item POD -E<gt> HTML conversion in the core still sucks
6361 =item Parallel testing
6363 =item Make Schwern poorer
6365 =item Improve the coverage of the core tests
6369 =item A decent benchmark
6371 =item fix tainting bugs
6373 =item Dual life everything
6375 =item Improving C<threads::shared>
6377 =item POSIX memory footprint
6379 =item embed.pl/makedef.pl
6381 =item use strict; and AutoLoad
6385 =item Tasks that need a little sysadmin-type knowledge
6389 =item make HTML install work
6391 =item compressed man pages
6393 =item Add a code coverage target to the Makefile
6395 =item Make Config.pm cope with differences between built and installed perl
6397 =item linker specification files
6399 =item Cross-compile support
6403 =item Tasks that need a little C knowledge
6407 =item Make it clear from -v if this is the exact official release
6409 =item Profile Perl - am I hot or not?
6411 =item Allocate OPs from arenas
6413 =item Improve win32/wince.c
6415 =item Use secure CRT functions when building with VC8 on Win32
6419 =item Tasks that need a knowledge of XS
6423 =item autovivification
6425 =item Unicode in Filenames
6427 =item Unicode in %ENV
6429 =item Unicode and glob()
6431 =item use less 'memory'
6433 =item Re-implement C<:unique> in a way that is actually thread-safe
6435 =item Make tainting consistent
6437 =item readpipe(LIST)
6439 =item strcat(), strcpy(), strncat(), strncpy(), sprintf(), vsprintf()
6441 =item Audit the code for destruction ordering assumptions
6443 =item Extend PerlIO and PerlIO::Scalar
6445 =item -C on the #! line
6449 =item Tasks that need a knowledge of the interpreter
6453 =item Implement $value ~~ 0 .. $range
6455 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
6457 =item LVALUE functions for lists
6459 =item LVALUE functions in the debugger
6461 =item regexp optimiser optional
6463 =item delete &function
6465 =item C</w> regex modifier
6467 =item optional optimizer
6469 =item You WANT *how* many
6471 =item lexical aliases
6473 =item entersub XS vs Perl
6477 =item Optimize away @_
6479 =item Properly Unicode safe tokeniser and pads.
6481 =item The yada yada yada operators
6483 =item Virtualize operating system access
6491 =item make ithreads more robust
6495 =item (?{...}) closures in regexps
6497 =item A re-entrant regexp engine
6499 =item Add class set operations to regexp engine
6505 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
6515 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
6516 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
6517 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
6518 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>, B<-L> I<language_code>,
6519 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
6530 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
6538 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
6550 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
6552 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
6556 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
6560 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.5
6566 =item Incompatible Changes
6570 =item Tainting and printf
6572 =item undef and signal handlers
6574 =item strictures and array/hash dereferencing in defined()
6576 =item C<(?p{})> has been removed
6578 =item Removal of the bytecode compiler and of perlcc
6580 =item Removal of the JPL
6582 =item Recursive inheritance detected earlier
6586 =item Core Enhancements
6590 =item Regular expressions
6592 Recursive Patterns, Named Capture Buffers, Possessive Quantifiers,
6593 Backtracking control verbs, Relative backreferences, C<\K> escape, Vertical
6594 and horizontal whitespace, and linebreak
6596 =item The C<_> prototype
6598 =item UNITCHECK blocks
6600 =item readpipe() is now overridable
6602 =item default argument for readline()
6608 =item Implicit loading of C<feature>
6612 =item Modules and Pragmas
6616 =item New Pragma, C<mro>
6618 =item bignum, bigint, bigrat
6620 =item New Core Modules
6622 =item Module changes
6624 C<assertions>, C<base>, C<strict> and C<warnings>, C<warnings>, C<less>,
6625 C<Attribute::Handlers>, C<B::Lint>, C<B>, C<Thread>
6629 =item Utility Changes
6645 =item New manpage, perlunifaq
6649 =item Performance Enhancements
6651 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6655 =item C++ compatibility
6659 =item Static build on Win32
6661 =item C<d_pseudofork>
6667 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6669 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6677 =item Changed Internals
6679 =item Known Problems
6683 =item Platform Specific Problems
6687 =item Reporting Bugs
6693 =head2 perl595delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.5
6699 =item Incompatible Changes
6703 =item Tainting and printf
6705 =item undef and signal handlers
6707 =item strictures and array/hash dereferencing in defined()
6709 =item C<(?p{})> has been removed
6711 =item Removal of the bytecode compiler and of perlcc
6713 =item Removal of the JPL
6715 =item Recursive inheritance detected earlier
6719 =item Core Enhancements
6723 =item Regular expressions
6725 Recursive Patterns, Named Capture Buffers, Possessive Quantifiers,
6726 Backtracking control verbs, Relative backreferences, C<\K> escape, Vertical
6727 and horizontal whitespace, and linebreak
6729 =item The C<_> prototype
6731 =item UNITCHECK blocks
6733 =item readpipe() is now overridable
6735 =item default argument for readline()
6741 =item Implicit loading of C<feature>
6745 =item Modules and Pragmas
6749 =item New Pragma, C<mro>
6751 =item bignum, bigint, bigrat
6753 =item New Core Modules
6755 =item Module changes
6757 C<assertions>, C<base>, C<strict> and C<warnings>, C<warnings>, C<less>,
6758 C<Attribute::Handlers>, C<B::Lint>, C<B>, C<Thread>
6762 =item Utility Changes
6778 =item New manpage, perlunifaq
6782 =item Performance Enhancements
6784 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6788 =item C++ compatibility
6792 =item Static build on Win32
6794 =item C<d_pseudofork>
6800 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6802 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6810 =item Changed Internals
6812 =item Known Problems
6816 =item Platform Specific Problems
6820 =item Reporting Bugs
6826 =head2 perl594delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.4
6832 =item Incompatible Changes
6838 =item Handling of pmc files
6840 =item @- and @+ in patterns
6842 =item $AUTOLOAD can now be tainted
6846 =item Core Enhancements
6850 =item state() variables
6852 =item UNIVERSAL::DOES()
6854 =item Exceptions in constant folding
6856 =item Source filters in @INC
6862 =item Modules and Pragmas
6866 =item New Core Modules
6870 =item Utility Changes
6882 =item New manpage, perlpragma
6884 =item New manpage, perlreguts
6886 =item New manpage, perlunitut
6890 =item Performance Enhancements
6894 =item Memory optimisations
6896 =item UTF-8 cache optimisation
6898 =item Regular expressions
6900 Engine de-recursivised, Single char char-classes treated as literals, Trie
6901 optimisation of literal string alternations, Aho-Corasick start-point
6904 =item Sloppy stat on Windows
6908 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6912 =item Relocatable installations
6916 =item Compilation improvements
6920 =item Windows build improvements
6922 Building XS extensions, Support for 64-bit compiler
6926 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6930 =item PERL5SHELL and tainting
6932 =item Using *FILE{IO}
6934 =item Overloading and reblessing
6936 =item Overloading and UTF-8
6938 =item eval memory leaks fixed
6940 =item Random device on Windows
6944 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6946 State variable %s will be reinitialized
6948 =item Changed Internals
6950 =item Known Problems
6952 =item Reporting Bugs
6958 =head2 perl593delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.3
6964 =item Incompatible Changes
6968 =item Parsing of C<-f _>
6972 =item Magic goto and eval
6974 =item C<$#> has been removed
6978 =item Scoping of the C<sort> pragma
6982 =item Core Enhancements
6986 =item The C<feature> pragma
6988 =item Switch and Smart Match operator
6992 =item C<CLONE_SKIP()>
6994 =item C<${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}>
6998 =item Unicode Character Database 4.1.0
7002 =item Recursive sort subs
7004 =item Effect of pragmas in eval
7006 =item New B<-E> command-line switch
7008 =item C<chdir>, C<chmod> and C<chown> on filehandles
7014 =item Modules and Pragmata
7018 =item New Core Modules
7022 =item Utility Changes
7032 =item C<h2xs> enhancements
7034 =item C<perlivp> enhancements
7046 =item Performance Enhancements
7050 =item XS-assisted SWASHGET
7052 =item Constant subroutines
7054 =item C<PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV>
7056 =item Weak references are cheaper
7058 =item sort() enhancements
7062 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7066 =item Compilation improvements
7068 =item New Or Improved Platforms
7072 =item Module auxiliary files
7076 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7080 =item C<defined $$x>
7082 =item Calling CORE::require()
7084 =item Subscripts of slices
7086 =item Remove over-optimisation
7088 =item sprintf() fixes
7090 =item no warnings 'category' works correctly with -w
7094 =item More Unicode Fixes
7098 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7102 =item Attempt to set length of freed array
7104 =item Non-string passed as bitmask
7106 =item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search
7109 =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration
7111 =item readdir()/closedir()/etc. attempted on invalid dirhandle
7115 =item Changed Internals
7119 =item B:: modules inheritance changed
7123 =item Reporting Bugs
7129 =head2 perl592delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.2
7135 =item Incompatible Changes
7139 =item Packing and UTF-8 strings
7145 =item Core Enhancements
7149 =item Malloc wrapping
7151 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
7153 =item suidperl less insecure
7159 =item Unicode Character Classes
7161 =item Byte-order modifiers for pack() and unpack()
7163 =item Byte count feature in pack()
7169 =item Modules and Pragmata
7175 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
7177 B::Concise, Socket, Sys::Syslog, threads
7181 =item Utility Changes
7183 =item Performance Enhancements
7185 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7187 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7189 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7191 =item Changed Internals
7193 =item Known Problems
7195 =item Plans for the next release
7197 =item Reporting Bugs
7203 =head2 perl591delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.1
7209 =item Incompatible Changes
7213 =item substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length
7215 =item The C<:unique> attribute is only meaningful for globals
7219 =item Core Enhancements
7225 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
7229 =item Stacked filetest operators
7233 =item Modules and Pragmata
7235 Benchmark, Carp, Exporter, FindBin, List::Util, threads::shared
7237 =item Utility Changes
7241 =item Performance Enhancements
7243 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7249 =item Threading bugs
7255 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7257 =item Changed Internals
7261 =item Reordering of SVt_* constants
7263 =item Removal of CPP symbols
7265 =item Less space is used by ops
7271 =item Configuration and Building
7273 =item Known Problems
7277 =item Platform Specific Problems
7281 =item To-do for perl 5.10.0
7283 =item Reporting Bugs
7289 =head2 perl590delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
7295 =item Incompatible Changes
7299 =item Hash Randomisation
7301 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
7303 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
7305 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
7307 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
7309 =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
7313 =item Core Enhancements
7319 =item Defined-or operators
7321 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
7323 =item Unsafe signals again available
7325 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
7329 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
7331 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
7335 =item Modules and Pragmata
7339 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
7341 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
7342 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
7343 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
7344 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
7345 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
7346 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
7347 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
7352 =item Utility Changes
7354 =item New Documentation
7356 =item Performance Enhancements
7358 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7362 =item Platform-specific enhancements
7366 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7370 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
7374 =item Platform-specific fixes
7378 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7382 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
7384 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
7386 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
7388 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
7390 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
7392 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
7394 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
7396 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
7398 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
7400 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
7402 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
7406 =item Changed Internals
7410 =item Known Problems
7414 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
7416 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
7422 =item Platform Specific Problems
7426 =item EBCDIC Platforms
7428 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
7430 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
7432 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
7434 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
7436 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
7438 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
7444 =item Reporting Bugs
7450 =head2 perl588delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.8
7456 =item Incompatible Changes
7458 =item Core Enhancements
7460 =item Modules and Pragmata
7462 =item Utility Changes
7466 =item C<h2xs> enhancements
7468 =item C<perlivp> enhancements
7472 =item New Documentation
7474 =item Performance Enhancements
7476 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7478 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7482 =item no warnings 'category' works correctly with -w
7484 =item Remove over-optimisation
7486 =item sprintf() fixes
7488 =item Debugger and Unicode slowdown
7494 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7498 =item Attempt to set length of freed array
7500 =item Non-string passed as bitmask
7502 =item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search
7507 =item Changed Internals
7509 =item Platform Specific Problems
7511 =item Reporting Bugs
7517 =head2 perl587delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.7
7523 =item Incompatible Changes
7525 =item Core Enhancements
7529 =item Unicode Character Database 4.1.0
7531 =item suidperl less insecure
7533 =item Optional site customization script
7535 =item C<Config.pm> is now much smaller.
7539 =item Modules and Pragmata
7541 =item Utility Changes
7545 =item find2perl enhancements
7549 =item Performance Enhancements
7551 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7553 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7555 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7557 =item Changed Internals
7559 =item Known Problems
7561 =item Platform Specific Problems
7563 =item Reporting Bugs
7569 =head2 perl586delta - what is new for perl v5.8.6
7575 =item Incompatible Changes
7577 =item Core Enhancements
7579 =item Modules and Pragmata
7581 =item Utility Changes
7583 =item Performance Enhancements
7585 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7587 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7589 =item Changed Internals
7593 =item Reporting Bugs
7599 =head2 perl585delta - what is new for perl v5.8.5
7605 =item Incompatible Changes
7607 =item Core Enhancements
7609 =item Modules and Pragmata
7611 =item Utility Changes
7615 =item Perl's debugger
7621 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7623 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7625 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7627 =item Changed Internals
7629 =item Known Problems
7631 =item Platform Specific Problems
7633 =item Reporting Bugs
7639 =head2 perl584delta - what is new for perl v5.8.4
7645 =item Incompatible Changes
7647 =item Core Enhancements
7651 =item Malloc wrapping
7653 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
7655 =item suidperl less insecure
7661 =item Modules and Pragmata
7665 =item Updated modules
7667 Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter, File::Find,
7668 IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
7669 Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBM_File, POSIX, Shell, Socket, Storable,
7670 Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32,
7671 base, open, threads, utf8
7675 =item Performance Enhancements
7677 =item Utility Changes
7679 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7681 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7683 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7685 =item Changed Internals
7687 =item Future Directions
7689 =item Platform Specific Problems
7691 =item Reporting Bugs
7697 =head2 perl583delta - what is new for perl v5.8.3
7703 =item Incompatible Changes
7705 =item Core Enhancements
7707 =item Modules and Pragmata
7709 CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util,
7710 Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate,
7711 Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared
7713 =item Utility Changes
7715 =item New Documentation
7717 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7719 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7721 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7723 =item Changed Internals
7725 =item Configuration and Building
7727 =item Platform Specific Problems
7729 =item Known Problems
7731 =item Future Directions
7735 =item Reporting Bugs
7741 =head2 perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2
7747 =item Incompatible Changes
7749 =item Core Enhancements
7753 =item Hash Randomisation
7759 =item Modules and Pragmata
7763 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
7765 Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64,
7766 Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate,
7767 Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL
7771 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7773 =item Changed Internals
7775 =item Platform Specific Problems
7777 =item Future Directions
7779 =item Reporting Bugs
7785 =head2 perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
7791 =item Incompatible Changes
7795 =item Hash Randomisation
7797 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
7799 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
7801 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
7803 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
7807 =item Core Enhancements
7811 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
7813 =item Unsafe signals again available
7815 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
7819 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
7821 =item Deprecation Warnings
7823 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
7827 =item Modules and Pragmata
7831 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
7833 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
7834 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
7835 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
7836 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
7837 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
7838 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
7839 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
7844 =item Utility Changes
7846 =item New Documentation
7848 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7852 =item Platform-specific enhancements
7856 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7860 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
7864 =item Platform-specific fixes
7868 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7872 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
7874 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
7876 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
7878 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
7880 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
7882 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
7884 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
7886 =item New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
7888 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
7890 =item New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
7892 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
7894 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
7896 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
7900 =item Changed Internals
7904 =item Known Problems
7908 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
7910 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
7916 =item Platform Specific Problems
7920 =item EBCDIC Platforms
7922 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
7924 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
7926 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
7928 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
7930 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
7932 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
7936 =item Future Directions
7938 =item Reporting Bugs
7944 =head2 perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
7950 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
7952 =item Incompatible Changes
7956 =item Binary Incompatibility
7958 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
7960 =item AIX Dynaloading
7962 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
7964 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
7966 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
7968 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
7970 =item New Unicode Properties
7972 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
7974 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
7976 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
7982 =item Core Enhancements
7986 =item Unicode Overhaul
7988 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
7992 =item Restricted Hashes
7996 =item Understanding of Numbers
7998 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
8000 =item Miscellaneous Changes
8004 =item Modules and Pragmata
8008 =item New Modules and Pragmata
8010 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
8014 =item Utility Changes
8016 =item New Documentation
8018 =item Performance Enhancements
8020 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8024 =item Generic Improvements
8026 =item New Or Improved Platforms
8030 =item Selected Bug Fixes
8034 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
8038 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8040 =item Changed Internals
8042 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
8046 =item Known Problems
8050 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
8052 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
8054 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
8056 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
8058 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
8060 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
8062 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
8064 =item PDL failing some tests
8068 =item Self-tying Problems
8070 =item ext/threads/t/libc
8072 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
8074 =item Timing problems
8076 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
8078 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
8082 =item Platform Specific Problems
8088 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
8094 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
8096 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
8098 =item DJGPP Failures
8100 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
8102 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
8104 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
8106 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
8108 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
8110 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
8114 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
8116 =item OS/2 Test Failures
8118 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
8124 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
8126 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
8128 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
8140 =item XML::Parser not working
8144 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
8146 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
8150 =item Reporting Bugs
8158 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
8166 =item Reporting Bugs
8174 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
8180 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
8182 =item Incompatible Changes
8186 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
8188 =item AIX Dynaloading
8190 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
8192 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
8198 =item Core Enhancements
8200 =item Modules and Pragmata
8204 =item New Modules and Distributions
8206 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
8210 =item Utility Changes
8212 =item New Documentation
8214 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8218 =item New Or Improved Platforms
8220 =item Generic Improvements
8224 =item Selected Bug Fixes
8228 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
8232 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8234 =item Source Code Enhancements
8238 =item MAGIC constants
8240 =item Better commented code
8242 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
8250 =item Known Problems
8256 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
8258 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
8260 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
8262 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
8264 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
8266 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
8270 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
8272 =item Failure of Thread tests
8282 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
8284 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
8286 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
8288 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
8290 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
8292 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
8296 =item Reporting Bugs
8304 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
8310 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
8312 =item Incompatible Changes
8314 =item Core Enhancements
8318 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
8320 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
8322 =item Signals Are Now Safe
8326 =item Modules and Pragmata
8332 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
8336 =item Performance Enhancements
8338 =item Utility Changes
8340 =item New Documentation
8356 =item README.solaris
8360 =item Porting/repository.pod
8364 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8368 =item New Or Improved Platforms
8370 =item Generic Improvements
8372 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
8373 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
8374 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
8378 =item Selected Bug Fixes
8382 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
8386 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8388 =item Changed Internals
8392 =item Known Problems
8396 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
8398 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
8400 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
8402 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
8406 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
8408 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
8410 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
8412 =item Failure of Thread tests
8414 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
8416 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
8418 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
8420 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
8424 =item Reporting Bugs
8432 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
8438 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
8440 =item Incompatible Changes
8442 =item Core Enhancements
8444 =item Modules and Pragmata
8450 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
8454 =item Utility Changes
8456 =item New Documentation
8458 =item Performance Enhancements
8460 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8464 =item Generic Improvements
8468 =item Selected Bug Fixes
8472 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
8476 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8478 =item Changed Internals
8480 =item Known Problems
8484 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
8486 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
8488 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
8490 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
8492 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
8494 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
8496 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
8498 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
8500 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
8502 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
8506 =item Reporting Bugs
8514 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
8520 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
8524 =item Security Issues
8526 =item Core bug fixes
8528 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
8529 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
8530 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
8531 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
8532 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
8533 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
8538 =item Configuration issues
8542 =item Bundled modules
8544 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
8545 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
8546 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
8547 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
8549 =item Platform-specific improvements
8551 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
8555 =item Core Enhancements
8559 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
8561 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
8563 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
8565 =item Support for interpolating named characters
8567 =item "our" declarations
8569 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
8571 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
8573 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
8575 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
8577 =item open() with more than two arguments
8579 =item 64-bit support
8581 =item Large file support
8587 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
8589 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
8591 =item File globbing implemented internally
8593 =item Support for CHECK blocks
8595 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
8597 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
8599 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
8601 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
8603 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
8605 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
8607 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
8609 =item Comments in pack() templates
8611 =item Weak references
8613 =item Binary numbers supported
8615 =item Lvalue subroutines
8617 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
8619 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
8621 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
8623 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
8625 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
8627 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
8629 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
8631 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
8633 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
8635 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
8637 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
8639 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
8641 =item Improved diagnostics
8643 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
8645 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
8647 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
8649 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
8651 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
8653 =item Improved security features
8655 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
8657 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
8659 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
8661 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
8663 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
8665 =item Optional Y2K warnings
8667 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
8669 =item @- and @+ provide starting/ending offsets of regex submatches
8673 =item Modules and Pragmata
8679 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
8680 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
8681 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
8682 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
8683 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
8684 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
8685 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
8686 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
8692 =item Utility Changes
8706 =item The Perl Debugger
8710 =item Improved Documentation
8712 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
8713 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
8714 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
8715 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
8717 =item Performance enhancements
8721 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
8723 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
8725 =item Faster subroutine calls
8727 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
8731 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8735 =item -Dusethreads means something different
8737 =item New Configure flags
8739 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
8745 =item -Duselargefiles
8747 =item installusrbinperl
8753 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
8755 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
8759 =item Platform specific changes
8763 =item Supported platforms
8767 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
8775 =item Significant bug fixes
8779 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
8781 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
8783 =item All compilation errors are true errors
8785 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
8787 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
8789 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
8791 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
8793 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
8795 =item Failures in DESTROY()
8797 =item Locale bugs fixed
8801 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
8803 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
8805 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
8807 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
8811 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8813 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
8814 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
8815 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
8816 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
8817 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
8818 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
8819 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
8820 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
8821 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
8822 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
8823 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
8824 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
8825 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
8826 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
8827 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
8828 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
8829 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
8830 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
8831 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
8832 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
8833 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
8834 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
8835 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
8836 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
8837 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
8838 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
8839 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
8840 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
8841 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
8842 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
8843 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
8844 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
8845 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
8846 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
8847 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
8848 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
8849 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
8850 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
8851 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
8852 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
8853 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
8854 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
8855 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
8856 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
8857 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
8858 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
8859 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
8860 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
8861 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
8862 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
8866 =item Incompatible Changes
8870 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
8872 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
8873 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
8874 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
8875 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
8876 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
8877 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
8878 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
8879 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
8880 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
8881 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
8882 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
8884 =item C Source Incompatibilities
8886 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
8888 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
8890 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
8892 =item Binary Incompatibilities
8896 =item Known Problems
8900 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
8902 =item Known test failures
8904 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
8906 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
8908 =item Arrow operator and arrays
8910 =item Experimental features
8912 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
8913 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
8914 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
8918 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
8920 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
8921 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
8922 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
8923 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
8925 =item Reporting Bugs
8933 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
8939 =item Core Enhancements
8943 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
8945 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
8947 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
8949 =item Support for interpolating named characters
8951 =item "our" declarations
8953 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
8955 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
8957 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
8959 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
8961 =item open() with more than two arguments
8963 =item 64-bit support
8965 =item Large file support
8971 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
8973 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
8975 =item File globbing implemented internally
8977 =item Support for CHECK blocks
8979 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
8981 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
8983 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
8985 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
8987 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
8989 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
8991 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
8993 =item Comments in pack() templates
8995 =item Weak references
8997 =item Binary numbers supported
8999 =item Lvalue subroutines
9001 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
9003 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
9005 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
9007 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
9009 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
9011 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
9013 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
9015 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
9017 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
9019 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
9021 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
9023 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
9025 =item Improved diagnostics
9027 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
9029 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
9031 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
9033 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
9035 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
9037 =item Improved security features
9039 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
9041 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
9043 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
9045 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
9047 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
9049 =item Optional Y2K warnings
9051 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
9053 =item @- and @+ provide starting/ending offsets of regex matches
9057 =item Modules and Pragmata
9063 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
9064 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
9065 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
9066 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
9067 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
9068 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
9069 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
9070 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
9076 =item Utility Changes
9090 =item The Perl Debugger
9094 =item Improved Documentation
9096 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
9097 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
9098 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
9099 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
9101 =item Performance enhancements
9105 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
9107 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
9109 =item Faster subroutine calls
9111 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
9115 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
9119 =item -Dusethreads means something different
9121 =item New Configure flags
9123 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
9129 =item -Duselargefiles
9131 =item installusrbinperl
9137 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
9141 =item Platform specific changes
9145 =item Supported platforms
9149 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
9157 =item Significant bug fixes
9161 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
9163 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
9165 =item All compilation errors are true errors
9167 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
9169 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
9171 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
9173 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
9175 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
9177 =item Failures in DESTROY()
9179 =item Locale bugs fixed
9183 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
9185 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
9187 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
9189 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
9193 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
9195 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
9196 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
9197 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
9198 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
9199 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
9200 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
9201 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
9202 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
9203 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
9204 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
9205 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
9206 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
9207 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
9208 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
9209 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
9210 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
9211 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
9212 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
9213 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
9214 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
9215 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
9216 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
9217 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
9218 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
9219 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
9220 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
9221 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
9222 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
9223 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
9224 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
9225 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
9226 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
9227 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
9228 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
9229 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
9230 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
9231 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
9232 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
9233 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
9234 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
9235 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
9236 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
9237 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
9238 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
9239 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
9240 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
9241 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
9242 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
9243 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
9244 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
9248 =item Incompatible Changes
9252 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
9254 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
9255 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
9256 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
9257 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
9258 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
9259 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
9260 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
9261 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
9262 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
9263 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
9264 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
9266 =item C Source Incompatibilities
9268 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
9270 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
9272 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
9274 =item Binary Incompatibilities
9278 =item Known Problems
9282 =item Thread test failures
9284 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
9286 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
9288 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
9290 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
9293 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
9295 =item Arrow operator and arrays
9297 =item Experimental features
9299 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
9300 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
9301 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
9305 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
9307 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
9308 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
9309 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
9310 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
9312 =item Reporting Bugs
9320 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
9326 =item About the new versioning system
9328 =item Incompatible Changes
9332 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
9334 =item Default installation structure has changed
9336 =item Perl Source Compatibility
9338 =item C Source Compatibility
9340 =item Binary Compatibility
9342 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
9344 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
9358 =item Regular Expressions
9360 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
9361 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
9362 improvements, Incompatible changes
9364 =item Improved malloc()
9366 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
9368 =item Reliable signals
9370 =item Reliable stack pointers
9372 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
9376 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
9378 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
9380 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
9382 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
9384 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
9386 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
9388 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
9390 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
9392 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
9394 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
9396 =item Better locale support
9398 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
9400 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
9402 =item Extended support for exception handling
9404 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
9406 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
9408 =item New C<INIT> keyword
9410 =item New C<lock> keyword
9412 =item New C<qr//> operator
9414 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
9416 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
9418 =item Tied handles support is better
9420 =item 4th argument to substr
9422 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
9424 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
9426 =item <> now reads in records
9430 =item Supported Platforms
9436 =item Changes in existing support
9440 =item Modules and Pragmata
9446 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
9447 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
9448 Thread, attrs, fields, re
9450 =item Changes in existing modules
9452 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
9453 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
9457 =item Utility Changes
9459 =item Documentation Changes
9461 =item New Diagnostics
9463 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
9464 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
9465 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
9466 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
9467 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
9468 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
9469 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
9470 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
9471 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
9472 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
9473 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
9474 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
9475 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
9476 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
9477 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
9478 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
9479 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
9481 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
9483 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
9484 temporary file, regexp too big
9486 =item Configuration Changes
9496 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
9502 =item Supported Environments
9508 =item List assignment to %ENV works
9510 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
9512 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
9514 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
9516 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
9518 =item More precise warnings
9520 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
9522 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
9524 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
9526 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
9528 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
9530 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
9532 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
9534 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
9536 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
9538 =item Changes to tainting checks
9540 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
9541 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
9543 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
9545 =item Embedding improvements
9547 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
9549 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
9551 =item New and changed syntax
9555 =item New and changed builtin constants
9559 =item New and changed builtin variables
9563 =item New and changed builtin functions
9565 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
9566 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
9567 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
9568 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
9569 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
9571 =item New builtin methods
9573 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
9575 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
9577 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
9578 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
9580 =item Malloc enhancements
9582 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
9584 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
9588 =item Support for More Operating Systems
9604 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
9605 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
9611 =item Required Updates
9613 =item Installation directories
9615 =item Module information summary
9629 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
9633 =item Utility Changes
9639 Sends converted HTML to standard output
9643 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
9647 =item C Language API Changes
9649 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
9652 =item Documentation Changes
9654 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
9655 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
9657 =item New Diagnostics
9659 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
9660 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
9661 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
9662 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
9663 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
9664 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
9665 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
9666 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
9667 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
9668 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
9669 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
9670 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
9671 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
9672 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
9673 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
9674 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
9675 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
9676 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
9677 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
9678 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
9679 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
9680 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
9681 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
9682 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
9683 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
9693 =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
9701 =item The "Artistic License"
9709 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
9710 copying fee", "Freely Available"
9714 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
9720 =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
9732 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
9736 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
9744 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
9748 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
9750 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
9752 =item The usenm option
9754 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
9756 =item Using Large Files with Perl
9762 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
9772 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
9788 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
9790 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
9792 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
9794 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
9800 =item Accessing documentation
9804 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
9806 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
9808 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
9810 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
9814 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
9818 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
9820 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
9822 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
9824 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
9826 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
9830 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
9838 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
9848 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5.8+ on BeOS
9854 =item BUILD AND INSTALL
9868 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
9874 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
9884 =item gzip on BS2000
9886 =item bison on BS2000
9888 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
9890 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
9892 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
9894 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
9896 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
9898 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
9900 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
9902 =item Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions
9920 =head2 perlce - Perl for WinCE
9924 =item Building Perl for WinCE
9930 =item General explanations on cross-compiling WinCE
9934 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
9935 celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources, go to C<./win32>
9936 subdirectory, edit file C<./win32/ce-helpers/compile.bat>, run
9937 compile.bat, run compile.bat dist
9941 =item Using Perl on WinCE
9951 PERL5LIB, PATH, TMP, UNIXROOTPATH, ROWS/COLS, HOME, CONSOLEFONTSIZE
9963 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
9965 =item History of WinCE port
9969 Rainer Keuchel <coyxc@rainer-keuchel.de>, Vadim Konovalov
9973 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
9979 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
9983 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
9985 =item Cygwin Configuration
9987 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
9991 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
9995 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
9997 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
9999 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
10000 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
10002 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
10004 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
10005 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
10008 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
10010 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
10014 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
10018 =item Errors on Cygwin
10020 =item ld2 on Cygwin
10024 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
10028 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
10030 =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
10032 =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
10036 =item Specific features of the Cygwin port
10040 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
10042 Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, cygwin vs. windows process ids,
10043 C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
10045 =item Prebuilt methods:
10047 C<Cwd::cwd>, C<Cygwin::pid_to_winpid>, C<Cygwin::winpid_to_pid>
10051 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
10053 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
10055 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
10056 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
10058 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
10066 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
10078 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
10082 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
10084 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
10086 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
10088 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
10098 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
10108 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
10112 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
10114 =item Building Perl on DOS
10116 =item Testing Perl on DOS
10118 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
10122 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
10126 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
10128 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
10130 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
10132 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
10142 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
10150 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
10152 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
10156 =item Editors on Epoc
10158 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
10160 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
10162 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
10166 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
10174 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
10182 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
10184 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
10186 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
10194 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
10203 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
10205 =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
10207 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
10211 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
10219 =item Itanium Processor Family (IPF) and HP-UX
10221 =item Itanium, Itanium 2 & Madison 6
10223 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
10225 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
10227 =item The GNU C Compiler
10229 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
10231 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
10233 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
10235 =item Oracle on HP-UX
10237 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
10239 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
10241 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
10243 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
10247 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
10255 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
10263 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
10271 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
10279 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
10281 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
10283 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
10285 =item Linker Problems in Irix
10287 =item Malloc in Irix
10289 =item Building with threads in Irix
10299 =head2 perllinux, README.linux - Perl version 5 on Linux systems
10307 =item Experimental Support for Sun Studio Compilers for Linux OS
10315 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
10324 =item Perl version 5.8.x and greater not supported
10326 =item Compiling Perl 5.6.x on MachTen
10328 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
10330 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
10332 =item Building external modules on MachTen
10342 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
10356 =head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
10366 =item Installation Prefix
10370 =item Universal Binary support
10372 =item 64-bit PPC support
10374 =item libperl and Prebinding
10376 =item Updating Apple's Perl
10378 =item Known problems
10388 =item Starting From Scratch
10396 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
10402 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
10408 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
10416 =item Binary distribution from HP
10418 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
10420 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
10422 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
10424 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
10426 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
10428 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
10429 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
10431 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
10435 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
10437 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
10439 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
10441 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
10443 =item Perl/iX Change History
10449 =head2 perlnetware - Perl for NetWare
10463 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
10475 =item BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS
10477 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
10485 =head2 perlopenbsd, README.openbsd - Perl version 5 on OpenBSD systems
10493 =item OpenBSD core dumps from getprotobyname_r and getservbyname_r with
10502 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
10520 =item Prerequisites
10522 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
10524 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
10526 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
10530 =item Frequently asked questions
10534 =item "It does not work"
10536 =item I cannot run external programs
10538 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
10541 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
10542 L<ExtUtils::Embed>?
10544 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
10546 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
10554 =item Automatic binary installation
10556 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
10558 =item Manual binary installation
10560 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
10561 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
10562 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
10563 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
10564 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
10570 =item Accessing documentation
10574 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
10582 =item GNU C<info> files
10586 =item C<LaTeX> docs
10594 =item The short story
10596 =item Prerequisites
10598 =item Getting perl source
10600 =item Application of the patches
10608 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
10611 =item Installing the built perl
10613 =item C<a.out>-style build
10617 =item Building a binary distribution
10619 =item Building custom F<.EXE> files
10623 =item Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded
10626 =item Making executables with a custom search-paths
10634 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
10636 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
10638 =item Problems with tr or sed
10640 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
10642 =item Library ... not found
10644 =item Segfault in make
10646 =item op/sprintf test failure
10650 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
10654 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
10658 =item C<extproc> on the first line
10660 =item Additional modules:
10662 =item Prebuilt methods:
10664 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
10665 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
10666 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
10667 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
10668 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
10669 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
10670 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
10671 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
10672 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
10673 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
10674 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
10675 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
10677 =item Prebuilt variables:
10679 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
10684 =item Modifications
10686 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
10689 =item Identifying DLLs
10691 =item Centralized management of resources
10693 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
10694 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
10695 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
10696 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
10708 =item F<perl__.exe>
10710 =item F<perl___.exe>
10712 =item Why strange names?
10714 =item Why dynamic linking?
10716 =item Why chimera build?
10724 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
10726 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
10728 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
10730 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
10732 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
10734 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
10742 =item Text-mode filehandles
10746 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
10748 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
10750 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
10753 =item DLL forwarder generation
10757 =item Calls to external programs
10759 =item Memory allocation
10763 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
10779 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
10792 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
10794 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
10796 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
10798 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
10800 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
10802 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
10804 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
10806 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
10808 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
10810 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
10820 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
10828 =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
10836 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
10838 =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
10840 =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
10842 =item Known Problems
10852 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
10860 =item Invoking Perl
10862 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
10864 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
10866 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
10868 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
10872 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
10876 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
10882 =item Revision date
10888 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
10896 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
10898 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
10900 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
10902 =item QNX auxiliary files
10906 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
10914 =head2 perlriscos, README.riscos - Perl version 5 for RISC OS
10926 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
10934 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
10940 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
10946 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
10948 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
10950 =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
10954 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
10958 =item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
10960 =item Threads in perl on Solaris.
10962 =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
10966 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
10968 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
10969 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
10970 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
10976 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
10978 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
10982 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
10984 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
10988 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
10992 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
10994 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
10998 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
11000 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
11002 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
11012 =head2 perlsymbian, README.symbian - Perl version 5 on Symbian OS
11020 =item Compiling Perl on Symbian
11022 =item Compilation problems
11028 =item Using Perl in Symbian
11048 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
11049 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
11057 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
11059 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
11061 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
11063 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
11065 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
11067 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
11069 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
11073 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
11075 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
11077 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
11083 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
11091 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
11093 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
11099 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
11109 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
11111 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
11113 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
11115 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
11117 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
11127 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
11133 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
11141 =item Organization of Perl Images
11147 =item Perl Extensions
11149 =item Installing static extensions
11151 =item Installing dynamic extensions
11155 =item File specifications
11161 =item Wildcard expansion
11167 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
11169 =item PERL_VMS_EXCEPTION_DEBUG
11175 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
11177 =item Command line switches
11183 =item Perl functions
11185 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, die,
11186 dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//,
11187 select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST,
11188 utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
11190 =item Perl variables
11192 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
11194 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
11202 =item Revision date
11208 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
11214 =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
11216 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
11218 =item USING PERL IN VOS
11222 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
11224 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
11230 =item SUPPORT STATUS
11238 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
11248 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
11250 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Visual
11251 C++ 2005 Express Edition, Microsoft Visual C++ Toolkit 2003, Microsoft
11252 Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW release 3 with gcc, MinGW release 1
11257 =item Testing Perl on Win32
11259 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
11261 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
11263 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
11264 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
11265 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
11267 =item Running Perl Scripts
11269 =item Miscellaneous Things
11273 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
11275 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
11279 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
11280 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
11281 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>, Jan Dubois E<lt>jand@activestate.comE<gt>,
11282 Steve Hay E<lt>steve.hay@uk.radan.comE<gt>
11290 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
11292 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
11304 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
11322 Compile related options, COMPILE, PARSE, OPTIMISE, TRIEC, DUMP, Execute
11323 related options, EXECUTE, MATCH, TRIEE, INTUIT, Extra debugging options,
11324 EXTRA, BUFFERS, TRIEM, STATE, STACK, OPTIMISEM, OFFSETS, OFFSETSDBG, Other
11325 useful flags, ALL, All, MORE, More
11327 =item Exportable Functions
11329 is_regexp($ref), regexp_pattern($ref), regmust($ref), regname($name,$all),
11330 regnames($all), regnames_count()
11338 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
11339 data structures between threads
11353 share VARIABLE, is_shared VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
11354 cond_wait CONDVAR, LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT,
11355 cond_timedwait CONDVAR, ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE,
11356 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
11362 =item BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11370 =head2 threads - Perl interpreter-based threads
11380 $thr = threads->create(FUNCTION, ARGS), $thr->join(), $thr->detach(),
11381 threads->detach(), threads->self(), $thr->tid(), threads->tid(), "$thr",
11382 threads->object($tid), threads->yield(), threads->list(),
11383 threads->list(threads::all), threads->list(threads::running),
11384 threads->list(threads::joinable), $thr1->equal($thr2), async BLOCK;,
11385 $thr->error(), $thr->_handle(), threads->_handle()
11387 =item EXITING A THREAD
11389 threads->exit(), threads->exit(status), die(), exit(status), use threads
11390 'exit' => 'threads_only', threads->create({'exit' => 'thread_only'}, ...),
11391 $thr->set_thread_exit_only(boolean), threads->set_thread_exit_only(boolean)
11395 $thr->is_running(), $thr->is_joinable(), $thr->is_detached(),
11396 threads->is_detached()
11398 =item THREAD CONTEXT
11402 =item Explicit context
11404 =item Implicit context
11406 =item $thr->wantarray()
11408 =item threads->wantarray()
11412 =item THREAD STACK SIZE
11414 threads->get_stack_size();, $size = $thr->get_stack_size();, $old_size =
11415 threads->set_stack_size($new_size);, use threads ('stack_size' => VALUE);,
11416 $ENV{'PERL5_ITHREADS_STACK_SIZE'}, threads->create({'stack_size' => VALUE},
11417 FUNCTION, ARGS), $thr2 = $thr1->create(FUNCTION, ARGS)
11419 =item THREAD SIGNALLING
11421 $thr->kill('SIG...');
11425 Perl exited with active threads:, Thread creation failed: pthread_create
11426 returned #, Thread # terminated abnormally: .., Using minimum thread stack
11427 size of #, Thread creation failed: pthread_attr_setstacksize(I<SIZE>)
11432 This Perl not built to support threads, Cannot change stack size of an
11433 existing thread, Cannot signal threads without safe signals, Unrecognized
11436 =item BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11438 Using non-threadsafe modules, Parent-child threads, Creating threads inside
11439 special blocks, Unsafe signals, Perl has been built with
11440 C<PERL_OLD_SIGNALS> (see C<perl -V>), The environment variable
11441 C<PERL_SIGNALS> is set to C<unsafe> (see L<perlrun/"PERL_SIGNALS">), The
11442 module L<Perl::Unsafe::Signals> is used, Returning closures from threads,
11443 Returning objects from threads, Perl Bugs and the CPAN Version of
11452 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
11456 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
11466 =item Built-in Attributes
11468 locked, method, lvalue
11470 =item Available Subroutines
11474 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
11476 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
11478 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
11486 =item Default exports
11488 =item Available exports
11490 =item Export tags defined
11500 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
11516 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
11526 Base class package "%s" is empty
11536 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
11546 =item use integer vs. use bigint
11550 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, hex, oct, l, lib, try or only, v
11555 =item Internal Format
11561 inf(), NaN(), upgrade(), in_effect()
11571 in_effect(), hex()/oct()
11585 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
11597 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, hex, oct, v or version
11603 inf(), NaN(), upgrade(), in_effect()
11607 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
11615 in_effect(), hex()/oct()
11629 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
11647 inf(), NaN(), upgrade(), in_effect()
11655 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, hex, oct, v or version
11661 in_effect(), hex()/oct()
11665 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
11666 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
11667 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
11668 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
11669 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
11670 perl -Mbignum=l,GMP -le 'print 7 ** 7777'
11680 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
11694 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
11709 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
11718 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
11720 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
11724 =item Anonymous hashes
11728 =item Alias shortcut
11732 =item charnames::viacode(code)
11734 =item charnames::vianame(name)
11738 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
11744 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
11756 =item List constants
11758 =item Defining multiple constants at once
11760 =item Magic constants
11764 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
11774 =head2 diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics
11784 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
11786 =item The I<splain> Program
11800 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
11810 =item Literal Conversions
11812 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
11814 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
11824 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
11826 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
11830 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
11831 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
11833 =item The Filter Option
11837 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
11847 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
11849 =item tr/// with ranges
11851 Legend of characters above
11855 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
11857 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
11859 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
11863 =item The Logic of :locale
11873 =head2 encoding::warnings - Warn on implicit encoding conversions
11885 =item Overview of the problem
11887 =item Detecting the problem
11889 =item Solving the problem
11891 Upgrade both sides to unicode-strings, Downgrade both sides to
11892 byte-strings, Specify the encoding for implicit byte-string upgrading,
11893 PerlIO layers for B<STDIN> and B<STDOUT>, Literal conversions, Implicit
11894 upgrading for byte-strings
11912 =head2 feature - Perl pragma to enable new syntactic features
11922 =item Lexical effect
11924 =item C<no feature>
11926 =item The 'switch' feature
11928 =item The 'say' feature
11930 =item the 'err' feature
11932 =item the 'state' feature
11936 =item FEATURE BUNDLES
11938 =item IMPLICIT LOADING
11942 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
11956 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
11966 =item subpragma access
11972 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
11986 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
11997 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something
12005 =item FOR MODULE AUTHORS
12009 =item C<< BOOLEAN = less->of( FEATURE ) >>
12011 =item C<< FEATURES = less->of() >>
12017 This probably does nothing, This works only on 5.10+
12021 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
12031 =item Adding directories to @INC
12033 =item Deleting directories from @INC
12035 =item Restoring original @INC
12049 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
12060 =head2 mro - Method Resolution Order
12076 =item How does C3 work
12084 =item mro::get_linear_isa($classname[, $type])
12086 =item mro::set_mro($classname, $type)
12088 =item mro::get_mro($classname)
12090 =item mro::get_isarev($classname)
12092 =item mro::is_universal($classname)
12094 =item mro::invalidate_all_method_caches()
12096 =item mro::method_changed_in($classname)
12098 =item mro::get_pkg_gen($classname)
12104 =item maybe::next::method
12108 =item PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS
12114 =item The original Dylan paper
12116 L<http://www.webcom.com/haahr/dylan/linearization-oopsla96.html>
12118 =item The prototype Perl 6 Object Model uses C3
12120 L<http://svn.openfoundry.org/pugs/perl5/Perl6-MetaModel/>
12122 =item Parrot now uses C3
12124 L<http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Mail/Message/perl6-internals/2746631>,
12125 L<http://use.perl.org/~autrijus/journal/25768>
12127 =item Python 2.3 MRO related links
12129 L<http://www.python.org/2.3/mro.html>,
12130 L<http://www.python.org/2.2.2/descrintro.html#mro>
12132 =item C3 for TinyCLOS
12134 L<http://www.call-with-current-continuation.org/eggs/c3.html>
12146 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
12154 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
12156 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
12162 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
12174 =head2 overload - Package for overloading Perl operations
12184 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
12186 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
12188 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
12190 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
12192 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
12194 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
12196 =item Overloadable Operations
12198 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
12199 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
12200 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
12202 =item Inheritance and overloading
12204 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
12205 is inherited by derived classes
12209 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
12217 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
12221 =item Copy Constructor
12227 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
12229 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
12230 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
12231 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
12234 =item Minimal set of overloaded operations
12236 =item Losing overloading
12238 =item Run-time Overloading
12240 =item Public functions
12242 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
12244 =item Overloading constants
12246 integer, float, binary, q, qr
12248 =item IMPLEMENTATION
12250 =item Metaphor clash
12256 =item Two-face scalars
12258 =item Two-face references
12260 =item Symbolic calculator
12262 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
12270 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
12271 type, `%s' is not a code reference
12277 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
12289 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
12291 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
12295 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
12299 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
12307 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
12319 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
12327 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
12333 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
12343 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
12344 structures between threads
12358 share VARIABLE, is_shared VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
12359 cond_wait CONDVAR, LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT,
12360 cond_timedwait CONDVAR, ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE,
12361 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
12367 =item BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12375 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
12386 =item Utility functions
12388 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
12389 FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), $success = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
12390 utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
12400 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
12410 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
12420 =item BEST PRACTICES
12422 Be consistent, Be careful
12424 =item Using modules that use version.pm
12426 Numeric versions always work, Extended version work sometimes
12428 =item What IS a version
12430 Numeric Versions, Extended Versions
12432 =item Numeric Versions
12434 =item Extended Versions
12436 =item Numeric Alpha Versions
12438 =item Object Methods
12440 New Operator, qv(), Normal Form, Numification, Stringification, Comparison
12441 operators, Logical Operators
12445 =item What about v-strings?
12447 =item Types of Versions Objects
12449 Ordinary versions, Alpha Versions
12451 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
12465 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
12473 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
12477 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
12485 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
12486 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
12487 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
12488 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
12489 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
12493 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
12503 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
12505 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
12515 =item DBM Comparisons
12525 =head2 Archive::Extract - A generic archive extracting mechanism
12541 =item $ae = Archive::Extract->new(archive => '/path/to/archive',[type =>
12544 tar, tgz, gz, Z, zip, bz2, tbz
12552 =item $ae->extract( [to => '/output/path'] )
12554 $ae->extract_path, $ae->files
12564 =item $ae->error([BOOL])
12566 =item $ae->extract_path
12598 =item $ae->bin_gzip
12600 =item $ae->bin_unzip
12612 =item File Extensions
12614 =item Bzip2 Support
12618 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
12622 =item $Archive::Extract::DEBUG
12624 =item $Archive::Extract::WARN
12626 =item $Archive::Extract::PREFER_BIN
12642 =head2 Archive::Tar - module for manipulations of tar archives
12650 =item Object Methods
12654 =item Archive::Tar->new( [$file, $compressed] )
12662 =item $tar->read ( $filename|$handle, $compressed, {opt => 'val'} )
12670 =item $tar->contains_file( $filename )
12676 =item $tar->extract( [@filenames] )
12682 =item $tar->extract_file( $file, [$extract_path] )
12688 =item $tar->list_files( [\@properties] )
12694 =item $tar->get_files( [@filenames] )
12700 =item $tar->get_content( $file )
12706 =item $tar->replace_content( $file, $content )
12712 =item $tar->rename( $file, $new_name )
12718 =item $tar->remove (@filenamelist)
12730 =item $tar->write ( [$file, $compressed, $prefix] )
12736 =item $tar->add_files( @filenamelist )
12742 =item $tar->add_data ( $filename, $data, [$opthashref] )
12744 FILE, HARDLINK, SYMLINK, CHARDEV, BLOCKDEV, DIR, FIFO, SOCKET
12750 =item $tar->error( [$BOOL] )
12756 =item $tar->setcwd( $cwd );
12762 =item $bool = $tar->has_io_string
12768 =item $bool = $tar->has_perlio
12774 =item Class Methods
12778 =item Archive::Tar->create_archive($file, $compression, @filelist)
12786 =item Archive::Tar->list_archive ($file, $compressed, [\@properties])
12792 =item Archive::Tar->extract_archive ($file, $gzip)
12798 =item Archive::Tar->can_handle_compressed_files
12804 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
12808 =item $Archive::Tar::FOLLOW_SYMLINK
12810 =item $Archive::Tar::CHOWN
12812 =item $Archive::Tar::CHMOD
12814 =item $Archive::Tar::DO_NOT_USE_PREFIX
12816 =item $Archive::Tar::DEBUG
12818 =item $Archive::Tar::WARN
12820 =item $Archive::Tar::error
12822 =item $Archive::Tar::HAS_PERLIO
12824 =item $Archive::Tar::HAS_IO_STRING
12830 What's the minimum perl version required to run Archive::Tar?, Isn't
12831 Archive::Tar slow?, Isn't Archive::Tar heavier on memory than /bin/tar?,
12832 Can't you lazy-load data instead?, How much memory will an X kb tar file
12833 need?, What do you do with unsupported filetypes in an archive?, I'm using
12834 WinZip, or some other non-POSIX client, and files are not being extracted
12835 properly!, How do I extract only files that have property X from an
12836 archive?, How do I access .tar.Z files?
12840 Check if passed in handles are open for read/write, Allow archives to be
12841 passed in as string, Facilitate processing an opened filehandle of a
12846 The GNU tar specification, The PAX format specication, A comparison of GNU
12847 and POSIX tar standards;
12848 C<http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/tar/tar_114.html>, GNU tar intends to
12849 switch to POSIX compatibility, A Comparison between various tar
12854 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
12860 =head2 Archive::Tar::File - a subclass for in-memory extracted file from
12873 name, mode, uid, gid, size, mtime, chksum, type, linkname, magic, version,
12874 uname, gname, devmajor, devminor, prefix, raw
12882 =item new( file => $path )
12884 =item new( data => $path, $data, $opt )
12886 =item new( chunk => $chunk )
12918 =item get_content_by_ref
12924 =item replace_content( $content )
12930 =item rename( $new_name )
12936 =item Convenience methods
12938 is_file, is_dir, is_hardlink, is_symlink, is_chardev, is_blockdev, is_fifo,
12939 is_socket, is_longlink, is_label, is_unknown
12943 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
12953 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]
12957 =item Typed lexicals
12959 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
12961 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
12963 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
12965 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
12973 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
12974 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
12975 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
12976 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
12977 be able to apply END handler>
12987 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
12997 =item Subroutine Stubs
12999 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
13001 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
13003 =item Package Lexicals
13005 =item Not Using AutoLoader
13007 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
13017 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
13025 $keep, $check, $modtime
13029 =item Multiple packages
13037 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
13047 =item Utility Functions
13051 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
13054 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
13055 check_av, unitcheck_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
13057 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
13059 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
13061 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
13063 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
13065 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
13067 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
13068 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
13070 =item Exported utility variabiles
13072 @optype, @specialsv_name
13076 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
13080 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
13082 =item B::SV Methods
13084 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
13086 =item B::IV Methods
13088 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
13090 =item B::NV Methods
13094 =item B::RV Methods
13098 =item B::PV Methods
13102 =item B::PVMG Methods
13106 =item B::MAGIC Methods
13108 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
13110 =item B::PVLV Methods
13112 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
13114 =item B::BM Methods
13116 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
13118 =item B::GV Methods
13120 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
13121 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
13123 =item B::IO Methods
13125 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
13126 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
13128 =item B::AV Methods
13130 FILL, MAX, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, OFF, AvFLAGS
13132 =item B::CV Methods
13134 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
13135 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
13137 =item B::HV Methods
13139 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, ARRAY, PMROOT
13141 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
13143 =item B::OP Methods
13145 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, opt, static, flags, private,
13148 =item B::UNOP METHOD
13152 =item B::BINOP METHOD
13156 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
13160 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
13164 =item B::PMOP Methods
13166 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, extflags, precomp,
13169 =item B::SVOP METHOD
13173 =item B::PADOP METHOD
13177 =item B::PVOP METHOD
13181 =item B::LOOP Methods
13183 redoop, nextop, lastop
13185 =item B::COP Methods
13187 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io, hints
13195 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
13209 =item Options for Opcode Ordering
13211 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>
13213 =item Options for Line-Style
13215 B<-concise>, B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
13217 =item Options for tree-specific formatting
13219 B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>
13221 =item Options controlling sequence numbering
13223 B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>
13225 =item Other options
13227 B<-main>, B<-nomain>, B<-nobanner>, B<-banner>, B<-banneris> => subref
13229 =item Option Stickiness
13233 =item ABBREVIATIONS
13237 =item OP class abbreviations
13239 =item OP flags abbreviations
13243 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
13247 =item Special Patterns
13249 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
13250 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
13255 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<#>I<Var>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
13256 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
13257 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hints>, B<#hintsval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>,
13258 B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>, B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>,
13259 B<#private>, B<#privval>, B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#opt>, B<#static>,
13260 B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>, B<#targ>, B<#targarg>,
13261 B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
13265 =item One-Liner Command tips
13267 perl -MO=Concise,bar foo.pl, perl -MDigest::MD5=md5 -MO=Concise,md5 -e1,
13268 perl -MPOSIX -MO=Concise,_POSIX_ARG_MAX -e1, perl -MPOSIX -MO=Concise,a -e
13269 'print _POSIX_SAVED_IDS', perl -MPOSIX -MO=Concise,a -e 'sub
13270 a{_POSIX_SAVED_IDS}'
13272 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
13276 =item Example: Altering Concise Renderings
13280 =item set_style_standard($name)
13284 =item add_callback()
13286 =item Running B::Concise::compile()
13288 =item B::Concise::reset_sequence()
13298 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
13310 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
13320 B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
13321 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
13323 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
13333 =item ambient_pragmas
13335 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
13347 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
13355 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
13357 B<magic-diamond>, B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>,
13358 B<bare-subs>, B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
13359 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
13361 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
13365 =item EXTENDING LINT
13369 while(<FH>) stomps $_, strict oo, unchecked system calls, more tests,
13370 validate against older perls
13378 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
13388 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13396 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
13420 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
13432 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
13442 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
13450 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
13464 =item Standard Exports
13466 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
13467 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
13468 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
13470 =item Optional Exports
13472 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
13473 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
13474 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
13476 =item :hireswallclock
13492 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
13496 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
13508 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
13510 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
13512 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
13514 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
13516 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
13518 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
13520 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
13522 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
13524 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
13526 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
13528 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
13530 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
13532 =item HANDLING NON-URLENCODED ARGUMENTS
13534 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
13536 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
13538 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
13540 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
13542 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
13544 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
13545 B<:standard>, B<:all>
13549 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -tabindex, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
13550 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
13553 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
13555 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
13556 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
13561 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
13565 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
13567 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
13569 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
13571 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
13573 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
13575 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
13577 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
13579 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
13580 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>, B<-rewrite>
13582 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
13586 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
13590 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
13592 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
13594 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
13596 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
13598 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
13600 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
13601 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
13603 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
13607 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
13611 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
13613 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
13615 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
13617 =item FORM ELEMENTS
13619 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-values>, B<-tabindex>, B<-id>, B<-override>,
13620 B<-onChange>, B<-onFocus>, B<-onBlur>, B<-onMouseOver>, B<-onMouseOut>,
13623 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
13627 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
13629 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
13631 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
13635 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
13637 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
13639 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
13643 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
13647 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
13651 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
13655 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
13659 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
13661 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
13663 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
13667 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
13669 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
13670 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
13672 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
13678 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
13679 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
13681 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
13683 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
13684 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
13687 =item SUPPORT FOR JAVASCRIPT
13689 B<onLoad>, B<onUnload>, B<onSubmit>, B<onClick>, B<onChange>, B<onFocus>,
13690 B<onBlur>, B<onSelect>, B<onMouseOver>, B<onMouseOut>
13692 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
13698 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
13702 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
13704 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
13705 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
13706 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
13707 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
13708 B<virtual_port ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name
13709 ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
13711 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
13713 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
13718 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
13720 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
13722 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
13723 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
13725 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
13727 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13731 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
13732 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
13733 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
13734 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
13735 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
13736 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
13737 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
13738 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
13739 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
13740 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
13741 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
13742 ...and many many more..
13744 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
13752 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
13762 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13770 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
13779 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
13781 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
13785 =item Changing the default message
13789 =item DOING MORE THAN PRINTING A MESSAGE IN THE EVENT OF PERL ERRORS
13791 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
13793 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
13801 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
13809 =item USING CGI::Cookie
13811 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>, B<4.
13816 =item Creating New Cookies
13818 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
13820 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
13822 =item Manipulating Cookies
13824 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
13828 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13836 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
13844 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
13846 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
13848 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
13850 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
13852 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
13854 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
13858 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13866 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
13876 =item Tags that won't be formatted
13878 =item Customizing the Indenting
13890 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
13898 =item USING CGI::Push
13900 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
13904 =item Heterogeneous Pages
13906 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
13910 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
13912 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13920 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
13930 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13938 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
13946 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13952 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
13962 =item CPAN::shell([$prompt, $command]) Starting Interactive Mode
13964 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, C<get>,
13965 C<make>, C<test>, C<install>, C<clean> modules or distributions, C<readme>,
13966 C<perldoc>, C<look> module or distribution, C<ls> author, C<ls>
13967 globbing_expression, C<failed>, Persistence between sessions, The C<force>
13968 and the C<fforce> pragma, Lockfile, Signals
13980 =item report Bundle|Distribution|Module
13982 =item upgrade [Module|/Regex/]...
13984 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
13986 =item Integrating local directories
13990 =item CONFIGURATION
13992 completion support, displaying some help: o conf help, displaying current
13993 values: o conf [KEY], changing of scalar values: o conf KEY VALUE, changing
13994 of list values: o conf KEY SHIFT|UNSHIFT|PUSH|POP|SPLICE|LIST, reverting to
13995 saved: o conf defaults, saving the config: o conf commit
13999 =item Config Variables
14001 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
14002 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
14003 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
14004 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>, interactive editing: o conf init
14007 =item CPAN::anycwd($path): Note on config variable getcwd
14009 cwd, getcwd, fastcwd, backtickcwd
14011 =item Note on the format of the urllist parameter
14013 =item The urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
14015 =item Maintaining the urllist parameter
14017 =item The C<requires> and C<build_requires> dependency declarations
14019 =item Configuration for individual distributions (I<Distroprefs>)
14023 =item Fallback Data::Dumper and Storable
14027 =item Language Specs
14029 comment [scalar], cpanconfig [hash], disabled [boolean], goto [string],
14030 install [hash], make [hash], match [hash], patches [array], pl [hash], test
14033 =item Processing Instructions
14035 args [array], commandline, eexpect [hash], env [hash], expect [array]
14037 =item Schema verification with C<Kwalify>
14039 =item Example Distroprefs Files
14043 =item PROGRAMMER'S INTERFACE
14045 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
14049 =item Methods in the other Classes
14051 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
14052 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
14053 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
14054 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
14055 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
14056 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
14057 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
14058 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
14059 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
14060 CPAN::Distribution::author, CPAN::Distribution::clean(),
14061 CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(),
14062 CPAN::Distribution::dir(), CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args),
14063 CPAN::Distribution::get(), CPAN::Distribution::install(),
14064 CPAN::Distribution::install_tested(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
14065 CPAN::Distribution::is_tested(), CPAN::Distribution::look(),
14066 CPAN::Distribution::make(), CPAN::Distribution::perldoc(),
14067 CPAN::Distribution::prefs(), CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(),
14068 CPAN::Distribution::readme(), CPAN::Distribution::reports(),
14069 CPAN::Distribution::read_yaml(), CPAN::Distribution::test(),
14070 CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::force_reload(),
14071 CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(),
14072 CPAN::Module::as_string(), CPAN::Module::clean(),
14073 CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), CPAN::Module::cpan_version(),
14074 CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), CPAN::Module::description(),
14075 CPAN::Module::distribution(), CPAN::Module::dslip_status(),
14076 CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), CPAN::Module::get(),
14077 CPAN::Module::inst_file(), CPAN::Module::available_file(),
14078 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::available_version(),
14079 CPAN::Module::install(), CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
14080 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::perldoc(),
14081 CPAN::Module::readme(), CPAN::Module::reports(), CPAN::Module::test(),
14082 CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
14084 =item Cache Manager
14090 =item PREREQUISITES
14096 =item Finding packages and VERSION
14100 o debug package.., o debug -package.., o debug all, o debug number
14102 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
14104 =item Basic Utilities for Programmers
14106 has_inst($module), has_usable($module), instance($module)
14114 =item Cryptographically signed modules
14122 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
14124 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
14128 =item Three basic types of firewalls
14130 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
14132 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
14138 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10), 11), 12), 13), 14), 15)
14140 =item COMPATIBILITY
14144 =item OLD PERL VERSIONS
14150 =item SECURITY ADVICE
14164 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
14176 =head2 CPAN::Kwalify - Interface between CPAN.pm and Kwalify.pm
14184 _validate($schema_name, $data, $file, $doc), yaml($schema_name)
14192 =head2 CPAN::Version - utility functions to compare CPAN versions
14204 =head2 CPANPLUS - API & CLI access to the CPAN mirrors
14210 =item GUIDE TO DOCUMENTATION
14214 =item GENERAL USAGE
14216 =item API REFERENCE
14224 =item COMMANDLINE TOOLS
14228 =item STARTING AN INTERACTIVE SHELL
14230 =item BUILDING PACKAGES
14232 =item $bool = install( Module::Name | /A/AU/AUTHOR/Module-Name-1.tgz )
14234 =item $where = fetch( Module::Name | /A/AU/AUTHOR/Module-Name-1.tgz )
14236 =item $where = get( Module::Name | /A/AU/AUTHOR/Module-Name-1.tgz )
14252 =item CONTACT INFORMATION
14254 Bug reporting: I<bug-cpanplus@rt.cpan.org>, Questions & suggestions:
14255 I<cpanplus-devel@lists.sourceforge.net>
14259 =head2 CPANPLUS::Backend
14273 =item $cb = CPANPLUS::Backend->new( [CONFIGURE_OBJ] )
14275 Provide a valid C<CPANPLUS::Configure> object, No arguments
14283 =item $href = $cb->module_tree( [@modules_names_list] )
14289 =item $href = $cb->author_tree( [@author_names_list] )
14295 =item $conf = $cb->configure_object ()
14301 =item $su = $cb->selfupdate_object;
14307 =item @mods = $cb->search( type => TYPE, allow => AREF, [data => AREF,
14314 =item $backend_rv = $cb->fetch( modules => \@mods )
14316 =item $backend_rv = $cb->extract( modules => \@mods )
14318 =item $backend_rv = $cb->install( modules => \@mods )
14320 =item $backend_rv = $cb->readme( modules => \@mods )
14322 =item $backend_rv = $cb->files( modules => \@mods )
14324 =item $backend_rv = $cb->distributions( modules => \@mods )
14330 =item $mod_obj = $cb->parse_module( module => $modname|$distname|$modobj )
14332 Text::Bastardize, Text-Bastardize, Text-Bastardize-1.06,
14333 AYRNIEU/Text-Bastardize, AYRNIEU/Text-Bastardize-1.06,
14334 AYRNIEU/Text-Bastardize-1.06.tar.gz,
14335 http://example.com/Text-Bastardize-1.06.tar.gz,
14336 file:///tmp/Text-Bastardize-1.06.tar.gz
14342 =item $bool = $cb->reload_indices( [update_source => BOOL, verbose => BOOL]
14349 =item $bool = $cb->flush(CACHE_NAME)
14351 C<methods>, C<hosts>, C<modules>, C<lib>, C<load>, C<all>
14357 =item @mods = $cb->installed()
14363 =item $bool = $cb->local_mirror([path => '/dir/to/save/to', index_files =>
14364 BOOL, force => BOOL, verbose => BOOL] )
14366 path, index_files, force, verbose
14372 =item $file = $cb->autobundle([path => OUTPUT_PATH, force => BOOL, verbose
14389 =head2 CPANPLUS::Backend::RV
14401 =item new( ok => BOOL, args => DATA, rv => DATA, [function => $method_name]
14404 ok, args, rv, function
14420 =head2 CPANPLUS::Config
14426 =item CONFIGURATION
14432 =item Section 'conf'
14518 =head2 CPANPLUS::Configure
14530 =item $Configure = CPANPLUS::Configure->new( load_configs => BOOL )
14538 =item $bool = $Configure->init( [rescan => BOOL])
14544 =item can_save( [$config_location] )
14550 =item $file = $conf->save( [$package_name] )
14556 =item options( type => TYPE )
14566 =item get_SOMETHING( ITEM, [ITEM, ITEM, ... ] );
14568 =item set_SOMETHING( ITEM => VAL, [ITEM => VAL, ITEM => VAL, ... ] );
14570 =item add_SOMETHING( ITEM => VAL, [ITEM => VAL, ITEM => VAL, ... ] );
14572 set|get_conf, set|get_program, _set|_get_build, _set|_get_source,
14573 _set|_get_mirror, _set|_get_dist, _set|_get_fetch, _set|_get_daemon
14591 =head2 CPANPLUS::Dist
14603 =item STATUS ACCESSORS
14605 created(), installed(), uninstalled(), dist()
14611 =item $dist = CPANPLUS::Dist->new( module => MODOBJ, [format => DIST_TYPE]
14618 =item @dists = CPANPLUS::Dist->dist_types;
14624 =item prereq_satisfied( modobj => $modobj, version => $version_spec )
14630 =item _resolve_prereqs
14634 =head2 CPANPLUS::Dist::Base - Base class for custom distribution classes
14650 =item $bool = $Class->format_available
14656 =item $bool = $dist->init
14662 =item $bool = $dist->prepare
14668 =item $bool = $dist->create
14674 =item $bool = $dist->install
14680 =item $bool = $dist->uninstall
14684 =head2 CPANPLUS::Dist::Build
14696 =item STATUS ACCESSORS
14698 build_pl (), build (), test (), prepared (), distdir (), created (),
14699 installed (), uninstalled (), _create_args (), _install_args (), _mb_object
14710 =item $bool = CPANPLUS::Dist::Build->format_available();
14718 =item $bool = $dist->init();
14724 =item $bool = $dist->prepare([perl => '/path/to/perl', buildflags =>
14725 'EXTRA=FLAGS', force => BOOL, verbose => BOOL])
14731 =item $dist->create([perl => '/path/to/perl', buildflags => 'EXTRA=FLAGS',
14732 prereq_target => TARGET, force => BOOL, verbose => BOOL, skiptest => BOOL])
14738 =item $dist->install([verbose => BOOL, perl => /path/to/perl])
14746 Module::Build can not be upgraded using its own API (#13169), Module::Build
14747 does not provide access to install history (#9793)
14755 =head2 CPANPLUS::Dist::MM
14765 =item STATUS ACCESSORS
14767 makefile (), make (), test (), prepared (), distdir (), created (),
14768 installed (), uninstalled (), _create_args (), _install_args ()
14778 =item $bool = $dist->format_available();
14786 =item $href = $dist->_find_prereqs( file => '/path/to/Makefile', [verbose
14793 =item $bool = $dist->create([perl => '/path/to/perl', make =>
14794 '/path/to/make', makeflags => 'EXTRA=FLAGS', prereq_target => TARGET,
14795 skiptest => BOOL, force => BOOL, verbose => BOOL])
14801 =item $bool = $dist->install([make => '/path/to/make', makemakerflags =>
14802 'EXTRA=FLAGS', force => BOOL, verbose => BOOL])
14808 =item $bool = $dist->write_makefile_pl([force => BOOL, verbose => BOOL])
14812 =head2 CPANPLUS::Dist::Sample -- Sample code to create your own Dist::*
14821 =head2 CPANPLUS::Error
14833 =item cp_msg("message string" [,VERBOSE])
14837 =item cp_error("error string" [,VERBOSE])
14843 =item CLASS METHODS
14847 =item CPANPLUS::Error->stack()
14849 =item CPANPLUS::Error->stack_as_string([TRACE])
14851 =item CPANPLUS::Error->flush()
14859 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
14865 =head2 CPANPLUS::FAQ
14879 =head2 CPANPLUS::Hacking
14885 =item OBTAINING CPANPLUS
14887 =item INSTALLING CPANPLUS
14889 =item CONFIGURING CPANPLUS
14891 =item RUNNING CPANPLUS FROM DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
14893 =item RUNNING CPANPLUS TESTS
14897 Problem description, Program demonstrating the bug, [OPTIONAL] A patch to
14898 the test suite to test for the bug, [OPTIONAL] A patch to the code + tests
14901 =item SUPPLYING PATCHES
14903 In C<diff -u> or C<diff -c> format, From the root of the snapshot,
14904 Including patches for code + tests + docs, Sent per mail to
14905 cpanplus-devel@lists.sourceforge.net, With subject containing C<[PATCH]> +
14906 description of the patch
14910 =head2 CPANPLUS::Internals
14920 _conf, _id, _lib, _perl5lib
14930 =item $internals = CPANPLUS::Internals->_init( _conf => CONFIG_OBJ )
14938 =item $bool = $internals->_flush( list => \@caches )
14944 =item $bool = $internals->_register_callback( name => CALLBACK_NAME, code
14947 install_prerequisite, send_test_report, munge_test_report,
14948 edit_test_report, proceed_on_test_failure
14954 =item $bool = $internals->_add_to_includepath( directories => \@dirs )
14960 =item $id = CPANPLUS::Internals->_last_id
14962 =item $id = CPANPLUS::Internals->_store_id( $internals )
14964 =item $obj = CPANPLUS::Internals->_retrieve_id( $ID )
14966 =item CPANPLUS::Internals->_remove_id( $ID )
14968 =item @objs = CPANPLUS::Internals->_return_all_objects
14972 =head2 CPANPLUS::Internals::Extract
14982 =item $dir = _extract( module => $modobj, [perl => '/path/to/perl',
14983 extractdir => '/path/to/extract/to', prefer_bin => BOOL, verbose => BOOL,
14986 module, extractdir, prefer_bin, perl, verbose, force
14992 =head2 CPANPLUS::Internals::Fetch
15006 =item $path = _fetch( module => $modobj, [fetchdir => '/path/to/save/to',
15007 fetch_from => 'scheme://path/to/fetch/from', verbose => BOOL, force =>
15008 BOOL, prefer_bin => BOOL] )
15014 =item _add_fail_host( host => $host_hashref )
15016 =item _host_ok( host => $host_hashref )
15020 =head2 CPANPLUS::Internals::Report
15032 =item $bool = $cb->_have_query_report_modules
15034 =item $bool = $cb->_have_send_report_modules
15042 =item @list = $cb->_query_report( module => $modobj, [all_versions => BOOL,
15049 =item $bool = $cb->_send_report( module => $modobj, buffer => $make_output,
15050 failed => BOOL, [save => BOOL, address => $email_to, dontcc => BOOL,
15051 verbose => BOOL, force => BOOL]);
15053 module, buffer, failed, save, address, dontcc, verbose, force
15057 =head2 CPANPLUS::Internals::Search
15069 =item _search_module_tree( type => TYPE, allow => \@regexex, [data =>
15070 \@previous_results ] )
15080 =item _search_author_tree( type => TYPE, allow => \@regexex, [data =>
15081 \@previous_results ] )
15089 =item _all_installed()
15093 =head2 CPANPLUS::Internals::Source
15107 =item $cb->_check_trees( [update_source => BOOL, path => PATH, verbose =>
15110 update_source, path, verbose
15116 =item $cb->__check_uptodate( file => $file, name => $name, [update_source
15117 => BOOL, verbose => BOOL] )
15119 file, name, update_source, verbose
15125 =item $cb->_update_source( name => $name, [path => $path, verbose => BOOL]
15128 name, path, verbose
15134 =item $cb->_build_trees( uptodate => BOOL, [use_stored => BOOL, path =>
15135 $path, verbose => BOOL] )
15137 uptodate, path, verbose, use_stored
15143 =item $cb->__retrieve_source(name => $name, [path => $path, uptodate =>
15144 BOOL, verbose => BOOL])
15146 name, uptodate, path, verbose
15152 =item $cb->_save_source([verbose => BOOL, path => $path])
15160 =item $cb->__create_author_tree([path => $path, uptodate => BOOL, verbose
15163 uptodate, path, verbose
15169 =item $cb->_create_mod_tree([path => $path, uptodate => BOOL, verbose =>
15172 uptodate, path, verbose
15178 =item $cb->__create_dslip_tree([path => $path, uptodate => BOOL, verbose =>
15181 uptodate, path, verbose
15187 =item $cb->_dslip_defs ()
15191 =head2 CPANPLUS::Internals::Utils
15203 =item $cb->_mkdir( dir => '/some/dir' )
15211 =item $cb->_chdir( dir => '/some/dir' )
15217 =item $cb->_rmdir( dir => '/some/dir' );
15223 =item $cb->_perl_version ( perl => 'some/perl/binary' );
15229 =item $cb->_version_to_number( version => $version );
15241 =item _get_file_contents( file => $file );
15247 =item $cb->_mode_plus_w( file => '/path/to/file' );
15253 =item $uri = $cb->_host_to_uri( scheme => SCHEME, host => HOST, path =>
15260 =item $cb->_vcmp( VERSION, VERSION );
15266 =item $cb->_home_dir
15272 =item $path = $cb->_safe_path( path => $path );
15278 =item ($pkg, $version, $ext) = $cb->_split_package_string( package =>
15283 =head2 CPANPLUS::Module
15295 =item CLASS METHODS
15309 name, module, version, path, comment, package, description, dslip, status,
15316 =item STATUS ACCESSORS
15318 installer_type, dist_cpan, dist, prereqs, signature, extract, fetch,
15319 readme, uninstall, created, installed, checksums, checksum_ok,
15326 =item $self = CPANPLUS::Module::new( OPTIONS )
15334 =item $mod->package_name
15336 =item $mod->package_version
15338 =item $mod->package_extension
15340 =item $mod->package_is_perl_core
15342 =item $mod->module_is_supplied_with_perl_core( [version => $]] )
15344 =item $mod->is_bundle
15346 =item $mod->is_third_party
15348 =item $mod->third_party_information
15354 =item $clone = $self->clone
15360 =item $where = $self->fetch
15366 =item $path = $self->extract
15372 =item $type = $self->get_installer_type([prefer_makefile => BOOL])
15378 =item $dist = $self->dist([target => 'prepare|create', format =>
15379 DISTRIBUTION_TYPE, args => {key => val}]);
15385 =item $bool = $mod->prepare( )
15387 Convenience method around C<install()> that prepares a module
15388 without actually building it. This is equivalent to invoking C<install>
15389 with C<target> set to C<prepare>
15395 =item $bool = $mod->create( )
15401 =item $bool = $mod->test( )
15407 =item $bool = $self->install([ target => 'prepare|create|install', format
15408 => FORMAT_TYPE, extractdir => DIRECTORY, fetchdir => DIRECTORY, prefer_bin
15409 => BOOL, force => BOOL, verbose => BOOL, ..... ]);
15415 =item $text = $self->readme
15421 =item $version = $self->installed_version()
15423 =item $where = $self->installed_file()
15425 =item $bool = $self->is_uptodate([version => VERSION_NUMBER])
15431 =item $href = $self->details()
15437 =item @list = $self->contains()
15443 =item @list_of_hrefs = $self->fetch_report()
15449 =item $bool = $self->uninstall([type => [all|man|prog])
15455 =item @modobj = $self->distributions()
15461 =item @list = $self->files ()
15467 =item @list = $self->directory_tree ()
15473 =item @list = $self->packlist ()
15479 =item @list = $self->validate ()
15485 =item $bool = $self->add_to_includepath;
15487 =item $path = $self->best_path_to_module_build();
15501 =head2 CPANPLUS::Module::Author
15511 author, cpanid, email, parent
15521 =item $auth = CPANPLUS::Module::Author->new( author => AUTHOR_NAME, cpanid
15522 => CPAN_ID, _id => INTERNALS_ID [, email => AUTHOR_EMAIL] )
15530 =item @mod_objs = $auth->modules()
15536 =item @dists = $auth->distributions()
15542 =item CLASS METHODS
15552 =head2 CPANPLUS::Module::Author::Fake
15564 =item new( _id => DIGIT )
15570 =head2 CPANPLUS::Module::Checksums
15582 =item $mod->checksums
15588 =head2 CPANPLUS::Module::Fake
15600 =item new( module => $mod, path => $path, package => $pkg, [_id => DIGIT] )
15606 =head2 CPANPLUS::inc
15614 =head2 CPANPLUS::inc - runtime inclusion of privately bundled modules
15622 Put a coderef at the beginning of C<@INC>, Add the full path to the
15623 C<CPANPLUS/inc> directory to C<$ENV{PERL5LIB>
15629 =item CPANPLUS::inc->inc_path()
15631 =item CPANPLUS::inc->my_path()
15633 =item CPANPLUS::inc->installer_path()
15641 =item CPANPLUS::inc->original_perl5lib
15643 =item CPANPLUS::inc->original_perl5opt
15645 =item CPANPLUS::inc->original_inc
15647 =item CPANPLUS::inc->limited_perl5opt(@modules);
15653 =item CPANPLUS::inc->interesting_modules()
15659 =item INTERESTING MODULES
15661 Loop over your @INC, Check the version on every suitable module found in
15672 On multiple C<use lib> calls, our coderef may not be the first in @INC,
15673 Non-directories in @INC
15677 =head2 CPANPLUSelfupdate, CPANPLUS::Selfupdate
15691 =item $self = CPANPLUS::Selfupdate->new( $backend_object );
15699 =item %list = $self->list_modules_to_update( update =>
15700 "core|dependencies|enabled_features|features|all", [latest => BOOL] )
15702 List which modules C<selfupdate> would upgrade. You can update either
15703 the core (CPANPLUS itself), the core dependencies, all features you have
15704 currently turned on, or all features available, or everything.
15710 =item @features = $self->list_features
15716 =item @features = $self->list_enabled_features
15722 =item @mods = $self->modules_for_feature( FEATURE [,AS_HASH] )
15728 =item @mods = $self->list_core_dependencies( [AS_HASH] )
15734 =item @mods = $self->list_core_modules( [AS_HASH] )
15740 =item CPANPLUS::Selfupdate::Module
15746 =item $version = $mod->version_required
15752 =item $bool = $mod->is_installed_version_sufficient
15766 =head2 CPANPLUShell, CPANPLUS::Shell
15788 =head2 CPANPLUShell::Classic, CPANPLUS::Shell::Classic - CPAN.pm emulation
15811 =head2 CPANPLUShell::Default, CPANPLUS::Shell::Default
15833 =head2 CPANPLUShell::Default::Plugins::HOWTO,
15834 CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::HOWTO -- documentation on how to write
15845 =item Registering Plugin Modules
15847 =item Registering Plugin Commands
15849 =item Registering Plugin Help
15851 =item Arguments to Plugin Commands
15853 Classname -- The name of your plugin class, Shell -- The
15854 CPANPLUS::Shell::Default object, Backend -- The CPANPLUS::Backend object,
15855 Command -- The command issued by the user, Input -- The input string
15856 from the user, Options -- A hashref of options provided by the user
15870 =head2 CPANPLUShell::Default::Plugins::Remote,
15871 CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::Remote
15893 =head2 CPANPLUShell::Default::Plugins::Source,
15894 CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::Source
15916 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
15931 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
15941 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
15945 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
15949 =item $Carp::MaxEvalLen
15951 =item $Carp::MaxArgLen
15953 =item $Carp::MaxArgNums
15955 =item $Carp::Verbose
15957 =item %Carp::Internal
15959 =item %Carp::CarpInternal
15961 =item $Carp::CarpLevel
15969 =head2 Carp::Heavy - heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
15971 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
15981 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
15982 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
15983 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
15985 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
15993 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
16003 =item The C<struct()> function
16005 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
16007 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
16009 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
16010 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
16012 =item Initializing with C<new>
16018 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
16020 =item Author and Modification History
16024 =head2 Compress::Raw::Zlib - Low-Level Interface to zlib compression
16033 =item Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate
16037 =item B<($d, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate( [OPT] ) >
16039 B<-Level>, B<-Method>, B<-WindowBits>, B<-MemLevel>, B<-Strategy>,
16040 B<-Dictionary>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-AppendOutput>, B<-CRC32>, B<-ADLER32>
16042 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflate($input, $output)>
16044 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>flush($output [, $flush_type]) >
16046 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateParams([OPT])>
16048 B<-Level>, B<-Strategy>, B<-BufSize>
16050 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateTune($good_length, $max_lazy,
16051 $nice_length, $max_chain)>
16053 =item B<$d-E<gt>dict_adler()>
16055 =item B<$d-E<gt>crc32()>
16057 =item B<$d-E<gt>adler32()>
16059 =item B<$d-E<gt>msg()>
16061 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_in()>
16063 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_out()>
16065 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_Strategy()>
16067 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_Level()>
16069 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_BufSize()>
16075 =item Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate
16079 =item B< ($i, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate( [OPT] ) >
16081 B<-WindowBits>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-Dictionary>, B<-AppendOutput>, B<-CRC32>,
16082 B<-ADLER32>, B<-ConsumeInput>
16084 =item B< $status = $i-E<gt>inflate($input, $output [,$eof]) >
16086 =item B<$status = $i-E<gt>inflateSync($input)>
16088 =item B<$i-E<gt>dict_adler()>
16090 =item B<$i-E<gt>crc32()>
16092 =item B<$i-E<gt>adler32()>
16094 =item B<$i-E<gt>msg()>
16096 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_in()>
16098 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_out()>
16100 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_BufSize()>
16106 =item CHECKSUM FUNCTIONS
16108 =item ACCESSING ZIP FILES
16116 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
16118 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16122 =head2 Compress::Raw::Zlib::Compress::Raw::Zlib, Compress::Raw::Zlib -
16123 Low-Level Interface to zlib compression library
16131 =item Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate
16135 =item B<($d, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate( [OPT] ) >
16137 B<-Level>, B<-Method>, B<-WindowBits>, B<-MemLevel>, B<-Strategy>,
16138 B<-Dictionary>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-AppendOutput>, B<-CRC32>, B<-ADLER32>
16140 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflate($input, $output)>
16142 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>flush($output [, $flush_type]) >
16144 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateParams([OPT])>
16146 B<-Level>, B<-Strategy>, B<-BufSize>
16148 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateTune($good_length, $max_lazy,
16149 $nice_length, $max_chain)>
16151 =item B<$d-E<gt>dict_adler()>
16153 =item B<$d-E<gt>crc32()>
16155 =item B<$d-E<gt>adler32()>
16157 =item B<$d-E<gt>msg()>
16159 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_in()>
16161 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_out()>
16163 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_Strategy()>
16165 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_Level()>
16167 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_BufSize()>
16173 =item Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate
16177 =item B< ($i, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate( [OPT] ) >
16179 B<-WindowBits>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-Dictionary>, B<-AppendOutput>, B<-CRC32>,
16180 B<-ADLER32>, B<-ConsumeInput>
16182 =item B< $status = $i-E<gt>inflate($input, $output [,$eof]) >
16184 =item B<$status = $i-E<gt>inflateSync($input)>
16186 =item B<$i-E<gt>dict_adler()>
16188 =item B<$i-E<gt>crc32()>
16190 =item B<$i-E<gt>adler32()>
16192 =item B<$i-E<gt>msg()>
16194 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_in()>
16196 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_out()>
16198 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_BufSize()>
16204 =item CHECKSUM FUNCTIONS
16206 =item ACCESSING ZIP FILES
16214 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
16216 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16220 =head2 Compress::Zlib - Interface to zlib compression library
16230 =item Notes for users of Compress::Zlib version 1
16234 =item GZIP INTERFACE
16236 B<$gz = gzopen($filename, $mode)>, B<$gz = gzopen($filehandle, $mode)>,
16237 B<$bytesread = $gz-E<gt>gzread($buffer [, $size]) ;>, B<$bytesread =
16238 $gz-E<gt>gzreadline($line) ;>, B<$byteswritten = $gz-E<gt>gzwrite($buffer)
16239 ;>, B<$status = $gz-E<gt>gzflush($flush_type) ;>, B<$offset =
16240 $gz-E<gt>gztell() ;>, B<$status = $gz-E<gt>gzseek($offset, $whence) ;>,
16241 B<$gz-E<gt>gzclose>, B<$gz-E<gt>gzsetparams($level, $strategy>, B<$level>,
16242 B<$strategy>, B<$gz-E<gt>gzerror>, B<$gzerrno>
16248 =item Compress::Zlib::memGzip
16250 =item Compress::Zlib::memGunzip
16254 =item COMPRESS/UNCOMPRESS
16256 B<$dest = compress($source [, $level] ) ;>, B<$dest = uncompress($source)
16259 =item Deflate Interface
16263 =item B<($d, $status) = deflateInit( [OPT] )>
16265 B<-Level>, B<-Method>, B<-WindowBits>, B<-MemLevel>, B<-Strategy>,
16266 B<-Dictionary>, B<-Bufsize>
16268 =item B<($out, $status) = $d-E<gt>deflate($buffer)>
16270 =item B<($out, $status) = $d-E<gt>flush([flush_type])>
16272 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateParams([OPT])>
16274 B<-Level>, B<-Strategy>
16276 =item B<$d-E<gt>dict_adler()>
16278 =item B<$d-E<gt>msg()>
16280 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_in()>
16282 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_out()>
16288 =item Inflate Interface
16292 =item B<($i, $status) = inflateInit()>
16294 B<-WindowBits>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-Dictionary>
16296 =item B<($out, $status) = $i-E<gt>inflate($buffer)>
16298 =item B<$status = $i-E<gt>inflateSync($buffer)>
16300 =item B<$i-E<gt>dict_adler()>
16302 =item B<$i-E<gt>msg()>
16304 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_in()>
16306 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_out()>
16312 =item CHECKSUM FUNCTIONS
16320 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
16322 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16326 =head2 Compress::Zlib::Compress::Zlib, Compress::Zlib - Interface to zlib
16327 compression library
16337 =item Notes for users of Compress::Zlib version 1
16341 =item GZIP INTERFACE
16343 B<$gz = gzopen($filename, $mode)>, B<$gz = gzopen($filehandle, $mode)>,
16344 B<$bytesread = $gz-E<gt>gzread($buffer [, $size]) ;>, B<$bytesread =
16345 $gz-E<gt>gzreadline($line) ;>, B<$byteswritten = $gz-E<gt>gzwrite($buffer)
16346 ;>, B<$status = $gz-E<gt>gzflush($flush_type) ;>, B<$offset =
16347 $gz-E<gt>gztell() ;>, B<$status = $gz-E<gt>gzseek($offset, $whence) ;>,
16348 B<$gz-E<gt>gzclose>, B<$gz-E<gt>gzsetparams($level, $strategy>, B<$level>,
16349 B<$strategy>, B<$gz-E<gt>gzerror>, B<$gzerrno>
16355 =item Compress::Zlib::memGzip
16357 =item Compress::Zlib::memGunzip
16361 =item COMPRESS/UNCOMPRESS
16363 B<$dest = compress($source [, $level] ) ;>, B<$dest = uncompress($source)
16366 =item Deflate Interface
16370 =item B<($d, $status) = deflateInit( [OPT] )>
16372 B<-Level>, B<-Method>, B<-WindowBits>, B<-MemLevel>, B<-Strategy>,
16373 B<-Dictionary>, B<-Bufsize>
16375 =item B<($out, $status) = $d-E<gt>deflate($buffer)>
16377 =item B<($out, $status) = $d-E<gt>flush([flush_type])>
16379 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateParams([OPT])>
16381 B<-Level>, B<-Strategy>
16383 =item B<$d-E<gt>dict_adler()>
16385 =item B<$d-E<gt>msg()>
16387 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_in()>
16389 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_out()>
16395 =item Inflate Interface
16399 =item B<($i, $status) = inflateInit()>
16401 B<-WindowBits>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-Dictionary>
16403 =item B<($out, $status) = $i-E<gt>inflate($buffer)>
16405 =item B<$status = $i-E<gt>inflateSync($buffer)>
16407 =item B<$i-E<gt>dict_adler()>
16409 =item B<$i-E<gt>msg()>
16411 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_in()>
16413 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_out()>
16419 =item CHECKSUM FUNCTIONS
16427 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
16429 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16433 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
16441 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
16453 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
16457 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
16458 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
16459 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname>, C<archname64>, C<archobjs>,
16460 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
16464 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
16468 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
16469 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
16470 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
16471 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
16472 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
16473 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
16474 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
16478 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
16479 C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>,
16480 C<d_attribute_format>, C<d_attribute_malloc>, C<d_attribute_nonnull>,
16481 C<d_attribute_noreturn>, C<d_attribute_pure>, C<d_attribute_unused>,
16482 C<d_attribute_warn_unused_result>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>,
16483 C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_builtin_choose_expr>,
16484 C<d_builtin_expect>, C<d_bzero>, C<d_c99_variadic_macros>, C<d_casti32>,
16485 C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>,
16486 C<d_class>, C<d_clearenv>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
16487 C<d_copysignl>, C<d_cplusplus>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>,
16488 C<d_ctermid>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>,
16489 C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dir_dd_fd>, C<d_dirfd>,
16490 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
16491 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
16492 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
16493 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
16494 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
16495 C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
16496 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
16497 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
16498 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
16499 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
16500 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
16501 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_futimes>, C<d_Gconvert>,
16502 C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>,
16503 C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>,
16504 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
16505 C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>,
16506 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>,
16507 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
16508 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
16509 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
16510 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getppid>,
16511 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
16512 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
16513 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
16514 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
16515 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
16516 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
16517 C<d_htonl>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_inc_version_list>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>,
16518 C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>,
16519 C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
16520 C<d_libm_lib_version>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>,
16521 C<d_localtime_r_needs_tzset>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>,
16522 C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
16523 C<d_malloc_good_size>, C<d_malloc_size>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
16524 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
16525 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
16526 C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>,
16527 C<d_modflproto>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
16528 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
16529 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
16530 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
16531 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_zero_is_allbits_zero>, C<d_off64_t>,
16532 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
16533 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
16534 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
16535 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
16536 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_printf_format_null>,
16537 C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
16538 C<d_pseudofork>, C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>,
16539 C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>,
16540 C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>,
16541 C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
16542 C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>,
16543 C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>,
16544 C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
16545 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
16546 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
16547 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
16548 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
16549 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
16550 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
16551 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
16552 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
16553 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
16554 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
16555 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
16556 C<d_signbit>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sitearch>,
16557 C<d_snprintf>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>,
16558 C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>,
16559 C<d_sprintf_returns_strlen>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>,
16560 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
16561 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
16562 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
16563 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
16564 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>,
16565 C<d_strftime>, C<d_strlcat>, C<d_strlcpy>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
16566 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
16567 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
16568 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
16569 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
16570 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
16571 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
16572 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
16573 C<d_unordered>, C<d_unsetenv>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>,
16574 C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>,
16575 C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>,
16576 C<d_vprintf>, C<d_vsnprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
16577 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
16578 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
16579 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
16580 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
16584 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
16585 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
16586 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
16587 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
16591 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
16592 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
16597 C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
16598 C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
16599 C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
16600 C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
16601 C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
16602 C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
16603 C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
16604 C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
16605 C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
16606 C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
16610 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
16611 C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
16615 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
16616 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
16617 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
16618 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
16619 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
16620 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
16621 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
16622 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
16623 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
16624 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
16625 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
16626 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
16627 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
16628 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
16629 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
16630 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
16631 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
16632 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
16633 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<initialinstalllocation>, C<installarchlib>,
16634 C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>, C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>,
16635 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
16636 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
16637 C<installsitehtml1dir>, C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>,
16638 C<installsiteman1dir>, C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>,
16639 C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>,
16640 C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>,
16641 C<installvendorlib>, C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>,
16642 C<installvendorscript>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
16647 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
16651 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
16652 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
16653 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
16654 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
16655 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
16656 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
16661 C<mad>, C<madlyh>, C<madlyobj>, C<madlysrc>, C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>,
16662 C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>, C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>,
16663 C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>, C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
16667 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>,
16668 C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>,
16673 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
16674 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
16675 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
16676 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
16677 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
16681 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
16682 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
16686 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl>,
16691 C<PERL_API_REVISION>, C<PERL_API_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_API_VERSION>,
16692 C<PERL_CONFIG_SH>, C<PERL_PATCHLEVEL>, C<perl_patchlevel>,
16693 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
16694 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
16695 C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>,
16696 C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
16700 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
16704 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
16705 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
16706 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
16710 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
16711 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
16712 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
16713 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
16714 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
16715 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
16716 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
16717 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>,
16718 C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>,
16719 C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>,
16720 C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>,
16721 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
16722 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
16723 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
16724 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
16725 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>,
16726 C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
16727 C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
16728 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>,
16729 C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
16733 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
16734 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
16739 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
16740 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
16741 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
16742 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
16743 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemallocwrap>,
16744 C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>,
16745 C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<userelocatableinc>,
16746 C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesitecustomize>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
16747 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
16748 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
16752 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
16753 C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>,
16754 C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>,
16755 C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>,
16756 C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>,
16757 C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
16758 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
16766 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
16784 dynamic, nonxs, static
16790 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
16800 =item getcwd and friends
16802 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd, getdcwd
16804 =item abs_path and friends
16806 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
16822 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
16834 =item Global Variables
16836 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
16837 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
16842 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
16843 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
16845 =item Client Callback Methods
16847 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
16848 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
16849 CLIENT->output(LIST)
16859 =head2 DBM_Filter -- Filter DBM keys/values
16867 =item What is a DBM Filter?
16871 =item So what's new?
16879 =item $db->Filter_Push()
16881 =item $db->Filter_Key_Push()
16883 =item $db->Filter_Value_Push()
16885 Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push
16887 =item $db->Filter_Pop()
16889 =item $db->Filtered()
16893 =item Writing a Filter
16897 =item Immediate Filters
16899 =item Canned Filters
16905 =item Filters Included
16907 utf8, encode, compress, int32, null
16913 =item Maintain Round Trip Integrity
16915 =item Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file.
16927 =head2 DBM_Filter::compress - filter for DBM_Filter
16941 =head2 DBM_Filter::encode - filter for DBM_Filter
16955 =head2 DBM_Filter::int32 - filter for DBM_Filter
16969 =head2 DBM_Filter::null - filter for DBM_Filter
16983 =head2 DBM_Filter::utf8 - filter for DBM_Filter
16997 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
17005 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
17009 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
17011 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
17013 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
17015 =item Default Parameters
17017 =item In Memory Databases
17025 =item A Simple Example
17033 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
17035 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
17037 =item The get_dup() Method
17039 =item The find_dup() Method
17041 =item The del_dup() Method
17043 =item Matching Partial Keys
17051 =item The 'bval' Option
17053 =item A Simple Example
17055 =item Extra RECNO Methods
17057 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
17058 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
17059 length, elements);>
17061 =item Another Example
17065 =item THE API INTERFACE
17067 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
17068 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
17069 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
17070 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
17074 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
17075 B<filter_fetch_value>
17081 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
17083 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
17087 =item HINTS AND TIPS
17091 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
17093 =item Safe ways to lock a database
17095 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
17097 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
17099 =item The untie() Gotcha
17103 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
17107 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
17109 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
17111 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
17113 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
17133 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
17134 printing and C<eval>
17146 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
17147 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
17148 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
17155 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
17181 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
17189 =item PROFILE FORMAT
17201 =head2 Devel::InnerPackage - find all the inner packages of a package
17213 =item list_packages <package name>
17229 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
17239 =item Why use ppport.h?
17241 =item How to use ppport.h
17243 =item Running ppport.h
17255 =item COMPATIBILITY
17259 =item Provided Perl compatibility API
17261 =item Perl API not supported by ppport.h
17263 perl 5.9.5, perl 5.9.4, perl 5.9.3, perl 5.9.2, perl 5.9.1, perl 5.9.0,
17264 perl 5.8.3, perl 5.8.1, perl 5.8.0, perl 5.7.3, perl 5.7.2, perl 5.7.1,
17265 perl 5.6.1, perl 5.6.0, perl 5.005_03, perl 5.005, perl 5.004_05, perl
17280 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
17290 =item Runtime debugging
17292 =item Memory footprint debugging
17300 =item A simple scalar string
17302 =item A simple scalar number
17304 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
17306 =item A reference to a simple scalar
17308 =item A reference to an array
17310 =item A reference to a hash
17312 =item Dumping a large array or hash
17314 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
17316 =item A reference to a subroutine
17330 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
17340 =head2 Digest - Modules that calculate message digests
17348 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
17352 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
17353 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
17354 $ctx->add( $data ), $ctx->add( $chunk1, $chunk2, ... ), $ctx->addfile(
17355 $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits( $data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring
17356 ), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
17366 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
17376 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
17380 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
17381 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits),
17382 $md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
17394 =head2 Digest::SHA - Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512
17398 =item SYNOPSIS (SHA)
17400 =item SYNOPSIS (HMAC-SHA)
17406 =item NIST STATEMENT ON SHA-1
17408 =item PADDING OF BASE64 DIGESTS
17412 =item EXPORTABLE FUNCTIONS
17414 B<sha1($data, ...)>, B<sha224($data, ...)>, B<sha256($data, ...)>,
17415 B<sha384($data, ...)>, B<sha512($data, ...)>, B<sha1_hex($data, ...)>,
17416 B<sha224_hex($data, ...)>, B<sha256_hex($data, ...)>, B<sha384_hex($data,
17417 ...)>, B<sha512_hex($data, ...)>, B<sha1_base64($data, ...)>,
17418 B<sha224_base64($data, ...)>, B<sha256_base64($data, ...)>,
17419 B<sha384_base64($data, ...)>, B<sha512_base64($data, ...)>, B<new($alg)>,
17420 B<reset($alg)>, B<hashsize>, B<algorithm>, B<clone>, B<add($data, ...)>,
17421 B<add_bits($data, $nbits)>, B<add_bits($bits)>, B<addfile(*FILE)>,
17422 B<addfile($filename [, $mode])>, B<dump($filename)>, B<load($filename)>,
17423 B<digest>, B<hexdigest>, B<b64digest>, B<hmac_sha1($data, $key)>,
17424 B<hmac_sha224($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha256($data, $key)>,
17425 B<hmac_sha384($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha512($data, $key)>,
17426 B<hmac_sha1_hex($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha224_hex($data, $key)>,
17427 B<hmac_sha256_hex($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha384_hex($data, $key)>,
17428 B<hmac_sha512_hex($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha1_base64($data, $key)>,
17429 B<hmac_sha224_base64($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha256_base64($data, $key)>,
17430 B<hmac_sha384_base64($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha512_base64($data, $key)>
17436 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
17438 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17442 =head2 Digest::base - Digest base class
17454 =head2 Digest::file - Calculate digests of files
17462 digest_file( $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...] ), digest_file_hex( $file,
17463 $algorithm, [$arg,...] ), digest_file_base64( $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...]
17470 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
17482 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
17494 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
17495 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
17496 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
17501 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
17502 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
17508 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
17516 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
17517 @dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(),
17518 dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(),
17519 dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(),
17520 dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
17526 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
17539 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
17541 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
17545 =item Order of initialization: early load()
17549 =item The most hairy case
17555 C<Can't find '%s' symbol in %s>, C<Can't load '%s' for module %s: %s>,
17556 C<Undefined symbols present after loading %s: %s>,
17557 C<XSLoader::load('Your::Module', $Your::Module::VERSION)>
17571 =head2 Encode - character encodings
17579 =item Table of Contents
17591 =item PERL ENCODING API
17593 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
17594 $octets [, CHECK]), [$obj =] find_encoding(ENCODING), [$length =]
17595 from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [, CHECK]), $octets =
17596 encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [, CHECK]);
17600 =item Listing available encodings
17602 =item Defining Aliases
17604 =item Finding IANA Character Set Registry names
17608 =item Encoding via PerlIO
17610 =item Handling Malformed Data
17612 B<NOTE:> Not all encoding support this feature, I<CHECK> =
17613 Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1), I<CHECK> =
17614 Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode (I<CHECK> =
17615 Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML
17616 charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The bitmask,
17619 =item Defining Encodings
17621 =item The UTF8 flag
17623 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
17627 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
17629 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
17633 =item UTF-8 vs. utf8 vs. UTF8
17643 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
17651 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
17656 =item Alias overloading
17664 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
17678 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
17680 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
17696 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
17698 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
17700 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
17714 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
17724 =item Methods you should implement
17726 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
17727 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
17729 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
17731 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>mime_name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>renewed, -E<gt>perlio_ok(),
17732 -E<gt>needs_lines()
17734 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
17738 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
17742 =item Compiled Encodings
17748 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
17752 =head2 Encode::GSM0338 -- ESTI GSM 03.38 Encoding
17768 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
17778 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
17779 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
17780 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
17790 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
17800 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
17808 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
17810 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
17812 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
17826 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
17828 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
17844 =head2 Encode::MIME::Name, Encode::MIME::NAME -- internally used by Encode
17852 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
17858 =item How does it work?
17860 =item Line Buffering
17864 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
17872 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
17880 =item Encoding Names
17884 =item Supported Encodings
17888 =item Built-in Encodings
17890 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
17892 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
17894 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
17897 =item gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
17899 gsm0338 support before 2.19
17901 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
17903 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
17904 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
17905 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
17907 =item Miscellaneous encodings
17909 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
17913 =item Unsupported encodings
17915 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
17916 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
17917 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
17918 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
17920 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
17922 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
17926 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
17928 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
17934 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
17935 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
17942 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
17943 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
17947 =item Other Notable Sites
17949 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
17950 "Introduction to i18n"
17952 =item Offline sources
17954 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
17960 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
17974 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
17990 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
17998 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
18000 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
18006 =item by endianness
18008 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
18012 =item Surrogate Pairs
18014 =item Error Checking
18020 =head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
18034 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
18043 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
18048 =item Alias overloading
18056 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
18057 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
18059 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
18062 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
18065 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
18066 Implementation Base Class
18076 =item Methods you should implement
18078 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
18079 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
18081 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
18083 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>mime_name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>renewed, -E<gt>perlio_ok(),
18084 -E<gt>needs_lines()
18086 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
18090 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
18094 =item Compiled Encodings
18100 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
18104 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::GSM0338, Encode::GSM0338 -- ESTI GSM 03.38
18121 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
18132 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
18133 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
18134 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
18144 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
18145 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
18147 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
18150 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
18153 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
18154 and 'Q' header encoding
18170 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Name, Encode::MIME::NAME -- internally
18179 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
18180 on Encode and PerlIO
18186 =item How does it work?
18188 =item Line Buffering
18192 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
18200 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
18201 supported by Encode
18209 =item Encoding Names
18213 =item Supported Encodings
18217 =item Built-in Encodings
18219 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
18221 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
18223 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
18226 =item gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
18228 gsm0338 support before 2.19
18230 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
18232 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
18233 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
18234 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
18236 =item Miscellaneous encodings
18238 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
18242 =item Unsupported encodings
18244 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
18245 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
18246 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
18247 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
18249 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
18251 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
18255 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
18257 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
18263 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
18264 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
18271 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
18272 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
18276 =item Other Notable Sites
18278 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
18279 "Introduction to i18n"
18281 =item Offline sources
18283 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
18289 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
18304 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
18316 =item Predefined Methods
18318 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
18319 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
18320 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
18322 =item Example: base64 transcoder
18324 =item Operator Overloading
18332 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
18333 non-ascii or non-utf8
18343 =item Literal Conversions
18345 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
18347 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
18357 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
18359 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
18363 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
18364 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
18366 =item The Filter Option
18370 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
18380 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
18382 =item tr/// with ranges
18384 Legend of characters above
18388 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
18390 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
18392 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
18396 =item The Logic of :locale
18406 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
18418 =item Predefined Methods
18420 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
18421 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
18422 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
18424 =item Example: base64 transcoder
18426 =item Operator Overloading
18434 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
18447 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
18462 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
18478 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
18488 =item How to Export
18490 =item Selecting What To Export
18492 =item How to Import
18494 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
18498 =item Advanced features
18502 =item Specialised Import Lists
18504 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
18506 =item Exporting without inheriting from Exporter
18508 =item Module Version Checking
18510 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
18512 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
18514 =item Generating combined tags
18516 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
18522 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
18532 =head2 ExtUtils::CBuilder - Compile and link C code for Perl modules
18542 new, have_compiler, compile, C<object_file>, C<include_dirs>,
18543 C<extra_compiler_flags>, link, lib_file, module_name, extra_linker_flags,
18544 link_executable, exe_file, object_file, lib_file, exe_file, prelink,
18545 need_prelink, extra_link_args_after_prelink
18559 =head2 ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows - Builder class for Windows
18572 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
18621 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
18635 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
18637 B<perllocal_install>
18641 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
18651 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
18659 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
18661 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
18663 WriteMakefileSnippet
18665 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
18666 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FH, C_FILE, XS_FH, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
18674 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant::Base - base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
18688 memEQ_clause args_hashref
18690 dump_names arg_hashref, ITEM..
18692 assign arg_hashref, VALUE..
18694 return_clause arg_hashref, ITEM
18696 switch_clause arg_hashref, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
18700 dogfood arg_hashref, ITEM..
18702 normalise_items args, default_type, seen_types, seen_items, ITEM..
18704 C_constant arg_hashref, ITEM.., name, type, value, macro, default, pre,
18705 post, def_pre, def_post, utf8, weight
18715 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant::Utils - helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
18729 perl_stringify NAME
18737 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant::XS, ExtUtils::Constant::Base - base class for
18738 ExtUtils::Constant objects
18752 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
18764 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
18765 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
18775 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
18783 _chmod($$;$), _warnonce(@), _choke(@)
18787 _move_file_at_boot( $file, $target, $moan )
18789 _unlink_or_rename( $file, $tryhard, $installing )
18803 _can_write_dir(C<$dir>)
18805 _mkpath($dir,$show,$mode,$verbose,$fake)
18807 _copy($from,$to,$verbose,$fake)
18813 install_rooted_file( $file ), install_rooted_dir( $dir )
18815 forceunlink( $file, $tryhard )
18817 directory_not_empty( $dir )
18819 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
18823 inc_uninstall($filepath,$libdir,$verbose,$nonono,$ignore)
18825 run_filter($cmd,$src,$dest)
18837 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>, B<EU_INSTALL_IGNORE_SKIP>,
18838 B<EU_INSTALL_SITE_SKIPFILE>
18846 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
18858 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
18859 packlist(), version()
18867 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
18875 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
18876 dynamic extensions at load time
18882 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
18892 =item VMS implementation
18894 =item Win32 implementation
18902 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
18912 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_AIX - AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
18922 =item Overridden methods
18936 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
18948 =item Cross-platform helper methods
18974 =item File::Spec wrappers
18990 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
18991 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
19005 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
19006 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
19020 replace_manpage_separator
19024 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
19034 =item Overridden methods
19042 B<replace_manpage_separator>
19052 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
19062 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
19063 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
19075 init_platform, platform_constants
19083 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
19084 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
19102 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_QNX - QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
19112 =item Overridden methods
19126 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
19136 =item Overridden methods
19144 B<replace_manpage_separator>
19154 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
19256 init_platform, platform_constants
19300 post_initialize (o)
19312 replace_manpage_separator
19336 test_via_harness (override)
19338 test_via_script (override)
19362 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
19363 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
19373 =item Methods always loaded
19385 guess_name (override)
19389 find_perl (override)
19391 maybe_command (override)
19395 pm_to_blib (override)
19397 perl_script (override)
19399 replace_manpage_separator
19405 init_main (override)
19407 init_others (override)
19409 init_platform (override)
19413 init_VERSION (override)
19415 constants (override)
19421 const_cccmd (override)
19423 tools_other (override)
19425 init_dist (override)
19435 dynamic_lib (override)
19437 static_lib (override)
19441 zipfile_target, tarfile_target, shdist_target
19445 perldepend (override)
19447 makeaperl (override)
19449 nicetext (override)
19451 prefixify (override)
19479 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VOS - VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
19489 =item Overridden methods
19503 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
19504 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
19516 =item Overridden methods
19522 replace_manpage_separator
19530 init_platform, platform_constants
19558 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
19568 =item Overridden methods
19590 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
19600 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
19610 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
19612 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
19622 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
19626 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
19628 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
19630 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
19632 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
19634 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
19635 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
19636 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
19637 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
19638 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
19639 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
19640 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLSITESCRIPT,
19641 INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
19642 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT,
19643 INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT,
19644 LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LICENSE, LINKTYPE, MAKE,
19645 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
19646 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL,
19647 PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX,
19648 PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS,
19649 PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX,
19650 PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN,
19651 SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM,
19652 XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
19654 =item Additional lowercase attributes
19656 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
19657 test, tool_autosplit
19659 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
19661 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
19663 C<< MAN3PODS => ' ' >>
19665 =item Hintsfile support
19667 =item Distribution Support
19669 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
19670 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
19671 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
19673 =item Module Meta-Data
19675 =item Disabling an extension
19677 =item Other Handy Functions
19685 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT, PERL_CORE
19695 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config - Wrapper around Config.pm
19705 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
19714 =item Module Installation
19716 How do I install a module into my home directory?, How do I get MakeMaker
19717 and Module::Build to install to the same place?, How do I keep from
19718 installing man pages?, How do I use a module without installing it?
19720 =item Philosophy and History
19722 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What is
19723 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
19724 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
19726 =item Module Writing
19728 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
19729 this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!, How do I
19730 delete everything not in my F<MANIFEST>?
19734 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
19735 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
19748 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
19762 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
19771 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version-agnostic bytes.pm
19781 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
19791 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
19829 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
19831 #!include_default, #!include /Path/to/another/manifest.skip
19835 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
19843 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
19844 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
19848 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
19856 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
19868 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
19878 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
19887 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
19899 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
19911 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
19919 =head2 ExtUtils::ParseXS - converts Perl XS code into C code
19929 process_xs(), B<C++>, B<hiertype>, B<except>, B<typemap>, B<prototypes>,
19930 B<versioncheck>, B<linenumbers>, B<optimize>, B<inout>, B<argtypes>, B<s>,
19941 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
19951 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
19965 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
19975 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
19979 =head2 File::Basename - Parse file paths into directory, filename and
19990 C<fileparse> X<fileparse>
19992 C<basename> X<basename> X<filename>
19994 C<dirname> X<dirname>
19996 C<fileparse_set_fstype> X<filesystem>
20004 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
20018 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
20032 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
20040 copy X<copy> X<cp>, move X<move> X<mv> X<rename>, syscopy X<syscopy>,
20041 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) X<rmscopy>
20051 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
20061 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
20073 =head2 File::Fetch - A generic file fetching mechanism
20083 $ff->uri, $ff->scheme, $ff->host, $ff->path, $ff->file
20095 =item $ff = File::Fetch->new( uri => 'http://some.where.com/dir/file.txt'
20104 =item $ff->fetch( [to => /my/output/dir/] )
20110 =item $ff->error([BOOL])
20118 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
20122 =item $File::Fetch::FROM_EMAIL
20124 =item $File::Fetch::USER_AGENT
20126 =item $File::Fetch::FTP_PASSIVE
20128 =item $File::Fetch::TIMEOUT
20130 =item $File::Fetch::WARN
20132 =item $File::Fetch::DEBUG
20134 =item $File::Fetch::BLACKLIST
20136 =item $File::Fetch::METHOD_FAIL
20142 =item FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
20146 =item So how do I use a proxy with File::Fetch?
20148 =item I used 'lynx' to fetch a file, but its contents is all wrong!
20150 =item Files I'm trying to fetch have reserved characters or non-ASCII
20151 characters in them. What do I do?
20157 Implement $PREFER_BIN
20165 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
20173 B<find>, B<finddepth>
20179 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
20180 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
20181 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
20183 =item The wanted function
20185 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
20186 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
20187 pathname to the file
20195 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
20199 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
20205 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
20215 =item META CHARACTERS
20219 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
20220 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
20221 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
20227 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
20237 =head2 File::GlobMapper - Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
20245 This code is a work in progress, There are known bugs, The interface
20246 defined here is tentative, There are portability issues, Do not use in
20247 production code, Consider yourself warned!
20251 =item Behind The Scenes
20255 =item Input File Glob
20257 B<~>, B<~user>, B<.>, B<*>, B<?>, B<\>, B<[]>, B<{,}>, B<()>
20259 =item Output File Glob
20263 =item Returned Data
20271 =item A Rename script
20273 =item A few example globmaps
20281 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20285 =head2 File::Path - Create or remove directory trees
20299 mode, verbose, error, verbose, skip_others, keep_root, result, error
20301 =item TRADITIONAL INTERFACE
20303 =item ERROR HANDLING
20323 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
20333 canonpath X<canonpath>, catdir X<catdir>, catfile X<catfile>, curdir
20334 X<curdir>, devnull X<devnull>, rootdir X<rootdir>, tmpdir X<tmpdir>, updir
20335 X<updir>, no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path X<path>,
20336 join X<join, path>, splitpath X<splitpath> X<split, path>, splitdir
20337 X<splitdir> X<split, dir>, catpath(), abs2rel X<abs2rel> X<absolute, path>
20338 X<relative, path>, rel2abs() X<rel2abs> X<absolute, path> X<relative, path>
20348 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
20360 file_name_is_absolute
20370 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
20392 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
20412 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
20440 file_name_is_absolute
20464 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
20478 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
20511 file_name_is_absolute
20535 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
20543 canonpath (override)
20561 case_tolerant (override)
20565 file_name_is_absolute (override)
20567 splitpath (override)
20569 splitdir (override)
20585 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
20611 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
20623 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
20637 =item OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE
20645 B<unlink_on_destroy>
20661 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
20675 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
20685 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
20693 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
20707 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
20709 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
20715 B<$KEEP_ALL>, B<$DEBUG>
20723 =item Temporary files and NFS
20739 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
20755 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
20763 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
20771 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
20779 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
20785 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
20799 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
20801 =item All-in-one interface
20803 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
20805 C<"code">, C<"code_no_comments">, C<"executable">,
20806 C<"executable_no_comments">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
20809 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
20811 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
20812 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
20813 and C<'code_no_comments'> component filter behave slightly differently
20814 from the other partial filters described in the previous section.
20816 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
20818 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
20830 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
20840 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
20844 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
20846 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
20854 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
20856 =item Example 2: Using the context
20858 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
20860 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
20864 =item Filter::Simple
20872 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
20880 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
20892 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
20908 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
20916 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
20918 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
20922 =item Simple options
20924 =item A little bit less simple options
20926 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
20928 =item Options with values
20930 =item Options with multiple values
20932 =item Options with hash values
20934 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
20936 =item Options with multiple names
20938 =item Case and abbreviations
20940 =item Summary of Option Specifications
20942 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
20947 =item Advanced Possibilities
20951 =item Object oriented interface
20953 =item Thread Safety
20955 =item Documentation and help texts
20957 =item Parsing options from an arbitrary array
20959 =item Parsing options from an arbitrary string
20961 =item Storing options values in a hash
20965 =item The lonesome dash
20967 =item Argument callback
20971 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
20973 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
20974 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
20975 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
20976 (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
20977 (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
20978 prefix_pattern, long_prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
20980 =item Exportable Methods
20982 VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
20984 =item Return values and Errors
20990 =item Default destinations
20992 =item Alternative option starters
20994 =item Configuration variables
20998 =item Tips and Techniques
21002 =item Pushing multiple values in a hash option
21006 =item Trouble Shooting
21010 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
21013 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
21015 =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
21017 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
21023 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
21027 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches
21028 with switch clustering
21036 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
21040 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
21050 =item Restricted hashes
21052 B<lock_keys>, B<unlock_keys>
21060 B<lock_value>, B<unlock_value>
21062 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
21064 B<lock_hash_recurse>, B<unlock_hash_recurse>
21068 b<legal_keys>, B<hidden_keys>, B<all_keys>, B<hash_seed>
21074 =item Operating on references to hashes.
21076 lock_ref_keys, unlock_ref_keys, lock_ref_keys_plus, lock_ref_value,
21077 unlock_ref_value, lock_hashref, unlock_hashref, lock_hashref_recurse,
21078 unlock_hashref_recurse, hash_ref_unlocked, legal_ref_keys, hidden_ref_keys
21094 =head2 Hash::Util::FieldHash - Support for Inside-Out Classes
21102 id, id_2obj, register, idhash, idhashes, fieldhash, fieldhashes
21108 =item The Inside-out Technique
21110 =item Problems of Inside-out
21114 =item More Problems
21116 =item The Generic Object
21118 =item How to use Field Hashes
21120 =item Garbage-Collected Hashes
21126 C<init()>, C<first()>, C<last()>, C<name()>, C<Name_hash>, C<Name_id>,
21127 C<Name_idhash>, C<Name_id_reg>, C<Name_idhash_reg>, C<Name_fieldhash>
21141 =item The C<PERL_MAGIC_uvar> interface for hashes
21143 =item Weakrefs call uvar magic
21145 =item How field hashes work
21147 =item Internal function Hash::Util::FieldHash::_fieldhash
21153 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21157 =head2 Hash::Util::FieldHash::lib::Hash::Util::FieldHash,
21158 Hash::Util::FieldHash - Support for Inside-Out Classes
21166 id, id_2obj, register, idhash, idhashes, fieldhash, fieldhashes
21172 =item The Inside-out Technique
21174 =item Problems of Inside-out
21178 =item More Problems
21180 =item The Generic Object
21182 =item How to use Field Hashes
21184 =item Garbage-Collected Hashes
21190 C<init()>, C<first()>, C<last()>, C<name()>, C<Name_hash>, C<Name_id>,
21191 C<Name_idhash>, C<Name_id_reg>, C<Name_idhash_reg>, C<Name_fieldhash>
21205 =item The C<PERL_MAGIC_uvar> interface for hashes
21207 =item Weakrefs call uvar magic
21209 =item How field hashes work
21211 =item Internal function Hash::Util::FieldHash::_fieldhash
21217 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21221 =head2 Hash::Utilib::Hash::Util, Hash::Util - A selection of
21222 general-utility hash subroutines
21232 =item Restricted hashes
21234 B<lock_keys>, B<unlock_keys>
21242 B<lock_value>, B<unlock_value>
21244 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
21246 B<lock_hash_recurse>, B<unlock_hash_recurse>
21250 b<legal_keys>, B<hidden_keys>, B<all_keys>, B<hash_seed>
21256 =item Operating on references to hashes.
21258 lock_ref_keys, unlock_ref_keys, lock_ref_keys_plus, lock_ref_value,
21259 unlock_ref_value, lock_hashref, unlock_hashref, lock_hashref_recurse,
21260 unlock_hashref_recurse, hash_ref_unlocked, legal_ref_keys, hidden_ref_keys
21276 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
21287 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
21298 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
21300 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
21302 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
21304 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
21306 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
21308 the function super_languages($lang1)
21310 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
21312 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
21314 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
21316 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
21318 the function implicate_supers( ...languages... ), the function
21319 implicate_supers_strictly( ...languages... )
21323 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
21325 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
21335 =head2 I18N::LangTags::Detect - detect the user's language preferences
21355 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
21363 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
21365 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
21367 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
21368 Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
21369 Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
21370 {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
21371 {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
21372 {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
21373 : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
21374 Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
21375 Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
21376 : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
21377 Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
21378 : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
21379 Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
21380 Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
21381 (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
21382 {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
21383 Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
21384 Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
21385 (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
21386 American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
21387 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
21388 : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
21389 Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
21390 Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
21391 {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
21392 : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
21393 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
21394 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
21395 Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
21396 Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
21397 {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
21398 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
21399 : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
21400 English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
21401 (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
21402 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
21403 : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
21404 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
21405 (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
21406 Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
21407 {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
21408 {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
21409 German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
21410 : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
21411 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
21412 Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
21413 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
21414 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
21415 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
21416 {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
21417 (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
21418 (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
21419 Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
21420 Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
21421 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
21422 Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
21423 {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
21424 Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
21425 : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
21426 {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
21427 {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
21428 {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
21429 Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
21430 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
21431 Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
21432 Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
21433 Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
21434 (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
21435 : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
21436 {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
21437 {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
21438 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
21439 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
21440 Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
21441 [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
21442 Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
21443 Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
21444 {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
21445 languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
21446 {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
21447 {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
21448 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
21449 {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
21450 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
21451 Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
21452 : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
21453 Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
21454 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
21455 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
21456 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
21457 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
21458 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
21459 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
21460 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
21461 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
21462 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
21463 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
21464 Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
21465 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
21466 Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
21467 {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
21468 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
21469 Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
21470 Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
21471 (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
21472 {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
21473 Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
21474 South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
21475 Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
21476 {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
21477 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
21478 {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
21479 Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
21480 Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
21481 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
21482 {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
21483 Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
21484 : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
21485 Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
21486 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
21487 Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
21488 : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
21489 : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
21490 Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
21491 Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
21492 : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
21497 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
21503 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
21521 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21525 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
21537 =head2 IO::Compress::Base - Base Class for IO::Compress modules
21549 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
21551 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21555 =head2 IO::Compress::Deflate - Write RFC 1950 files/buffers
21563 =item Functional Interface
21567 =item deflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
21569 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
21570 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
21571 Reference, An Output FileGlob
21575 =item Optional Parameters
21577 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>
21589 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
21591 =item Constructor Options
21593 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A
21594 Filehandle, C<< Merge => 0|1 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
21626 =item input_line_number
21632 =item newStream([OPTS])
21634 =item deflateParams
21640 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
21648 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
21650 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21654 =head2 IO::Compress::Gzip - Write RFC 1952 files/buffers
21662 =item Functional Interface
21666 =item gzip $input => $output [, OPTS]
21668 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
21669 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
21670 Reference, An Output FileGlob
21674 =item Optional Parameters
21676 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>
21688 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
21690 =item Constructor Options
21692 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A
21693 Filehandle, C<< Merge => 0|1 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Minimal => 0|1 >>,
21694 C<< Comment => $comment >>, C<< Name => $string >>, C<< Time => $number >>,
21695 C<< TextFlag => 0|1 >>, C<< HeaderCRC => 0|1 >>, C<< OS_Code => $value >>,
21696 C<< ExtraField => $data >>, C<< ExtraFlags => $value >>, C<< Strict => 0|1
21729 =item input_line_number
21735 =item newStream([OPTS])
21737 =item deflateParams
21743 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
21751 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
21753 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21757 =head2 IO::Compress::RawDeflate - Write RFC 1951 files/buffers
21765 =item Functional Interface
21769 =item rawdeflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
21771 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
21772 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
21773 Reference, An Output FileGlob
21777 =item Optional Parameters
21779 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>
21791 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
21793 =item Constructor Options
21795 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A
21796 Filehandle, C<< Merge => 0|1 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
21828 =item input_line_number
21834 =item newStream([OPTS])
21836 =item deflateParams
21842 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
21850 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
21852 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21856 =head2 IO::Compress::Zip - Write zip files/buffers
21864 =item Functional Interface
21868 =item zip $input => $output [, OPTS]
21870 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
21871 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
21872 Reference, An Output FileGlob
21876 =item Optional Parameters
21878 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>
21890 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
21892 =item Constructor Options
21894 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A
21895 Filehandle, C<< Name => $string >>, C<< Time => $number >>, C<< ExtAttr =>
21896 $attr >>, C<< exTime => [$atime, $mtime, $ctime] >>, C<< Comment =>
21897 $comment >>, C<< ZipComment => $comment >>, C<< Method => $method >>, C<<
21898 Stream => 0|1 >>, C<< Zip64 => 0|1 >>, C<< TextFlag => 0|1 >>, C<<
21899 ExtraFieldLocal => $data >> =item C<< ExtraFieldCentral => $data >>, C<<
21900 Minimal => 1|0 >>, C<< BlockSize100K => number >>, C<< WorkFactor => number
21901 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
21933 =item input_line_number
21939 =item newStream([OPTS])
21941 =item deflateParams
21947 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy, :zip_method
21955 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
21957 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21961 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
21969 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
21970 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
21980 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
21990 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
21994 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode(
22005 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
22015 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
22019 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
22020 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
22021 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
22022 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
22034 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
22044 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
22048 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
22058 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
22068 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
22069 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
22079 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
22087 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
22088 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
22097 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
22107 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
22111 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
22112 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
22113 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
22123 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
22137 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
22138 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
22148 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
22164 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
22177 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
22191 hostpath(), peerpath()
22201 =head2 IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate - Uncompress zlib-based (zip, gzip)
22210 RFC 1950, RFC 1951 (optionally), gzip (RFC 1952), zip
22212 =item Functional Interface
22216 =item anyinflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
22218 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
22219 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
22220 Reference, An Output FileGlob
22224 =item Optional Parameters
22226 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
22227 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
22239 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
22241 =item Constructor Options
22243 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
22244 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
22245 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>, C<< RawInflate => 0|1
22246 >>, C<< ParseExtra => 0|1 >> If the gzip FEXTRA header field is present and
22247 this option is set, it will force the module to check that it conforms to
22248 the sub-field structure as defined in RFC 1952
22270 =item getHeaderInfo
22284 =item input_line_number
22306 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
22308 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
22312 =head2 IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress - Uncompress gzip, zip, bzip2 or lzop
22321 RFC 1950, RFC 1951 (optionally), gzip (RFC 1952), zip, bzip2, lzop, lzf
22323 =item Functional Interface
22327 =item anyuncompress $input => $output [, OPTS]
22329 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
22330 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
22331 Reference, An Output FileGlob
22335 =item Optional Parameters
22337 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
22338 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
22350 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
22352 =item Constructor Options
22354 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
22355 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
22356 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>, C<< RawInflate => 0|1
22377 =item getHeaderInfo
22391 =item input_line_number
22413 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
22415 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
22419 =head2 IO::Uncompress::Base - Base Class for IO::Uncompress modules
22431 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
22433 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
22437 =head2 IO::Uncompress::Gunzip - Read RFC 1952 files/buffers
22445 =item Functional Interface
22449 =item gunzip $input => $output [, OPTS]
22451 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
22452 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
22453 Reference, An Output FileGlob
22457 =item Optional Parameters
22459 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
22460 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
22472 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
22474 =item Constructor Options
22476 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
22477 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
22478 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>, C<< ParseExtra => 0|1
22479 >> If the gzip FEXTRA header field is present and this option is set, it
22480 will force the module to check that it conforms to the sub-field structure
22481 as defined in RFC 1952
22503 =item getHeaderInfo
22519 =item input_line_number
22541 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
22543 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
22547 =head2 IO::Uncompress::Inflate - Read RFC 1950 files/buffers
22555 =item Functional Interface
22559 =item inflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
22561 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
22562 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
22563 Reference, An Output FileGlob
22567 =item Optional Parameters
22569 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
22570 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
22582 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
22584 =item Constructor Options
22586 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
22587 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
22588 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
22610 =item getHeaderInfo
22624 =item input_line_number
22646 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
22648 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
22652 =head2 IO::Uncompress::RawInflate - Read RFC 1951 files/buffers
22660 =item Functional Interface
22664 =item rawinflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
22666 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
22667 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
22668 Reference, An Output FileGlob
22672 =item Optional Parameters
22674 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
22675 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
22687 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
22689 =item Constructor Options
22691 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
22692 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
22693 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
22715 =item getHeaderInfo
22729 =item input_line_number
22751 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
22753 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
22757 =head2 IO::Uncompress::Unzip - Read zip files/buffers
22765 =item Functional Interface
22769 =item unzip $input => $output [, OPTS]
22771 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
22772 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
22773 Reference, An Output FileGlob
22777 =item Optional Parameters
22779 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
22780 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
22792 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
22794 =item Constructor Options
22796 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
22797 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
22798 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
22820 =item getHeaderInfo
22834 =item input_line_number
22856 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
22858 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
22862 =head2 IO::Zlib - IO:: style interface to L<Compress::Zlib>
22874 =item OBJECT METHODS
22876 open ( FILENAME, MODE ), opened, close, getc, getline, getlines, print (
22877 ARGS... ), read ( BUF, NBYTES, [OFFSET] ), eof, seek ( OFFSET, WHENCE ),
22878 tell, setpos ( POS ), getpos ( POS )
22880 =item USING THE EXTERNAL GZIP
22882 =item CLASS METHODS
22884 has_Compress_Zlib, gzip_external, gzip_used, gzip_read_open,
22889 IO::Zlib::getlines: must be called in list context,
22890 IO::Zlib::gzopen_external: mode '...' is illegal, IO::Zlib::import: '...'
22891 is illegal, IO::Zlib::import: ':gzip_external' requires an argument,
22892 IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_read_open' requires an argument, IO::Zlib::import:
22893 'gzip_read' '...' is illegal, IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_write_open' requires
22894 an argument, IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_write_open' '...' is illegal,
22895 IO::Zlib::import: no Compress::Zlib and no external gzip, IO::Zlib::open:
22896 needs a filename, IO::Zlib::READ: NBYTES must be specified,
22897 IO::Zlib::WRITE: too long LENGTH, IO::Zlib::WRITE: OFFSET is not supported
22907 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
22916 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
22917 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
22927 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
22937 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
22941 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode(
22952 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
22963 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
22967 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
22968 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
22969 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
22970 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
22982 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
22992 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
22996 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
23006 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
23016 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
23017 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
23027 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
23036 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
23037 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
23046 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
23057 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
23061 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
23062 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
23063 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
23073 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
23088 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
23089 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
23099 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
23100 AF_INET domain sockets
23116 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
23129 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
23130 AF_UNIX domain sockets
23144 hostpath(), peerpath()
23154 =head2 IO_Compress_Base::lib::File::GlobMapper, File::GlobMapper - Extend
23155 File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
23163 This code is a work in progress, There are known bugs, The interface
23164 defined here is tentative, There are portability issues, Do not use in
23165 production code, Consider yourself warned!
23169 =item Behind The Scenes
23173 =item Input File Glob
23175 B<~>, B<~user>, B<.>, B<*>, B<?>, B<\>, B<[]>, B<{,}>, B<()>
23177 =item Output File Glob
23181 =item Returned Data
23189 =item A Rename script
23191 =item A few example globmaps
23199 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23203 =head2 IO_Compress_Base::lib::IO::Compress::Base, IO::Compress::Base - Base
23204 Class for IO::Compress modules
23216 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23218 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23222 =head2 IO_Compress_Base::lib::IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress,
23223 IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress - Uncompress gzip, zip, bzip2 or lzop
23232 RFC 1950, RFC 1951 (optionally), gzip (RFC 1952), zip, bzip2, lzop, lzf
23234 =item Functional Interface
23238 =item anyuncompress $input => $output [, OPTS]
23240 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
23241 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
23242 Reference, An Output FileGlob
23246 =item Optional Parameters
23248 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
23249 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
23261 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
23263 =item Constructor Options
23265 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
23266 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
23267 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>, C<< RawInflate => 0|1
23288 =item getHeaderInfo
23302 =item input_line_number
23324 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23326 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23330 =head2 IO_Compress_Base::lib::IO::Uncompress::Base, IO::Uncompress::Base -
23331 Base Class for IO::Uncompress modules
23343 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23345 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23349 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Compress::Deflate, IO::Compress::Deflate -
23350 Write RFC 1950 files/buffers
23358 =item Functional Interface
23362 =item deflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
23364 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
23365 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
23366 Reference, An Output FileGlob
23370 =item Optional Parameters
23372 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>
23384 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
23386 =item Constructor Options
23388 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A
23389 Filehandle, C<< Merge => 0|1 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
23421 =item input_line_number
23427 =item newStream([OPTS])
23429 =item deflateParams
23435 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
23443 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23445 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23449 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Compress::Gzip, IO::Compress::Gzip - Write RFC
23458 =item Functional Interface
23462 =item gzip $input => $output [, OPTS]
23464 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
23465 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
23466 Reference, An Output FileGlob
23470 =item Optional Parameters
23472 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>
23484 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
23486 =item Constructor Options
23488 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A
23489 Filehandle, C<< Merge => 0|1 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Minimal => 0|1 >>,
23490 C<< Comment => $comment >>, C<< Name => $string >>, C<< Time => $number >>,
23491 C<< TextFlag => 0|1 >>, C<< HeaderCRC => 0|1 >>, C<< OS_Code => $value >>,
23492 C<< ExtraField => $data >>, C<< ExtraFlags => $value >>, C<< Strict => 0|1
23525 =item input_line_number
23531 =item newStream([OPTS])
23533 =item deflateParams
23539 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
23547 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23549 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23553 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Compress::RawDeflate, IO::Compress::RawDeflate
23554 - Write RFC 1951 files/buffers
23562 =item Functional Interface
23566 =item rawdeflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
23568 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
23569 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
23570 Reference, An Output FileGlob
23574 =item Optional Parameters
23576 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>
23588 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
23590 =item Constructor Options
23592 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A
23593 Filehandle, C<< Merge => 0|1 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
23625 =item input_line_number
23631 =item newStream([OPTS])
23633 =item deflateParams
23639 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
23647 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23649 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23653 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Compress::Zip, IO::Compress::Zip - Write zip
23662 =item Functional Interface
23666 =item zip $input => $output [, OPTS]
23668 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
23669 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
23670 Reference, An Output FileGlob
23674 =item Optional Parameters
23676 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>
23688 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
23690 =item Constructor Options
23692 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A
23693 Filehandle, C<< Name => $string >>, C<< Time => $number >>, C<< ExtAttr =>
23694 $attr >>, C<< exTime => [$atime, $mtime, $ctime] >>, C<< Comment =>
23695 $comment >>, C<< ZipComment => $comment >>, C<< Method => $method >>, C<<
23696 Stream => 0|1 >>, C<< Zip64 => 0|1 >>, C<< TextFlag => 0|1 >>, C<<
23697 ExtraFieldLocal => $data >> =item C<< ExtraFieldCentral => $data >>, C<<
23698 Minimal => 1|0 >>, C<< BlockSize100K => number >>, C<< WorkFactor => number
23699 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
23731 =item input_line_number
23737 =item newStream([OPTS])
23739 =item deflateParams
23745 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy, :zip_method
23753 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23755 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23759 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate,
23760 IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate - Uncompress zlib-based (zip, gzip) file/buffer
23768 RFC 1950, RFC 1951 (optionally), gzip (RFC 1952), zip
23770 =item Functional Interface
23774 =item anyinflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
23776 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
23777 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
23778 Reference, An Output FileGlob
23782 =item Optional Parameters
23784 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
23785 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
23797 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
23799 =item Constructor Options
23801 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
23802 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
23803 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>, C<< RawInflate => 0|1
23804 >>, C<< ParseExtra => 0|1 >> If the gzip FEXTRA header field is present and
23805 this option is set, it will force the module to check that it conforms to
23806 the sub-field structure as defined in RFC 1952
23828 =item getHeaderInfo
23842 =item input_line_number
23864 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23866 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23870 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Uncompress::Gunzip, IO::Uncompress::Gunzip -
23871 Read RFC 1952 files/buffers
23879 =item Functional Interface
23883 =item gunzip $input => $output [, OPTS]
23885 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
23886 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
23887 Reference, An Output FileGlob
23891 =item Optional Parameters
23893 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
23894 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
23906 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
23908 =item Constructor Options
23910 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
23911 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
23912 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>, C<< ParseExtra => 0|1
23913 >> If the gzip FEXTRA header field is present and this option is set, it
23914 will force the module to check that it conforms to the sub-field structure
23915 as defined in RFC 1952
23937 =item getHeaderInfo
23953 =item input_line_number
23975 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23977 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23981 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Uncompress::Inflate, IO::Uncompress::Inflate -
23982 Read RFC 1950 files/buffers
23990 =item Functional Interface
23994 =item inflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
23996 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
23997 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
23998 Reference, An Output FileGlob
24002 =item Optional Parameters
24004 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
24005 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
24017 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
24019 =item Constructor Options
24021 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
24022 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
24023 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
24045 =item getHeaderInfo
24059 =item input_line_number
24081 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
24083 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
24087 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Uncompress::RawInflate,
24088 IO::Uncompress::RawInflate - Read RFC 1951 files/buffers
24096 =item Functional Interface
24100 =item rawinflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
24102 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
24103 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
24104 Reference, An Output FileGlob
24108 =item Optional Parameters
24110 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
24111 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
24123 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
24125 =item Constructor Options
24127 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
24128 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
24129 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
24151 =item getHeaderInfo
24165 =item input_line_number
24187 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
24189 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
24193 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Uncompress::Unzip, IO::Uncompress::Unzip -
24194 Read zip files/buffers
24202 =item Functional Interface
24206 =item unzip $input => $output [, OPTS]
24208 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
24209 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
24210 Reference, An Output FileGlob
24214 =item Optional Parameters
24216 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
24217 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
24229 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
24231 =item Constructor Options
24233 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
24234 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
24235 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
24257 =item getHeaderInfo
24271 =item input_line_number
24293 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
24295 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
24299 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
24309 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
24310 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
24321 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
24335 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
24346 L<IPC::Open2>, L<IPC::Run>
24352 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
24362 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
24363 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
24364 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
24375 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
24393 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
24403 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
24404 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
24415 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
24426 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
24427 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
24428 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
24439 =head2 IPCmd, IPC::Cmd - finding and running system commands made easy
24447 =item CLASS METHODS
24451 =item $bool = IPC::Cmd->can_use_ipc_run( [VERBOSE] )
24459 =item $bool = IPC::Cmd->can_use_ipc_open3( [VERBOSE] )
24465 =item $bool = IPC::Cmd->can_capture_buffer
24475 =item $path = can_run( PROGRAM );
24483 =item $ok | ($ok, $err, $full_buf, $stdout_buff, $stderr_buff) = run(
24484 command => COMMAND, [verbose => BOOL, buffer => \$SCALAR] );
24486 command, verbose, buffer, success, errorcode, full_buffer, out_buffer,
24495 =item Global Variables
24499 =item $IPC::Cmd::VERBOSE
24501 =item $IPC::Cmd::USE_IPC_RUN
24503 =item $IPC::Cmd::USE_IPC_OPEN3
24505 =item $IPC::Cmd::WARN
24511 Whitespace, IO Redirect
24517 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
24523 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
24531 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
24532 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
24536 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
24544 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
24545 general-utility list subroutines
24553 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
24554 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
24558 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
24566 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
24567 general-utility scalar subroutines
24575 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
24576 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
24577 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
24589 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
24597 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
24601 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
24609 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
24617 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
24619 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
24621 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
24622 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
24624 =item QUERY ROUTINES
24626 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
24628 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
24634 =item rename_country
24642 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
24646 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
24647 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
24648 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
24649 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
24657 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
24658 identification (ISO 4217)
24668 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
24670 code2currency(), currency2code()
24672 =item QUERY ROUTINES
24674 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
24678 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
24682 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
24683 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
24691 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
24700 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
24702 code2language(), language2code()
24704 =item QUERY ROUTINES
24706 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
24710 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
24714 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
24715 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
24723 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
24731 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
24737 =item Construction Methods
24739 =item The "maketext" Method
24741 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
24743 =item Utility Methods
24745 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
24746 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
24747 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
24748 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
24750 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
24754 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
24756 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
24758 =item BRACKET NOTATION
24760 =item AUTO LEXICONS
24762 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
24764 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
24768 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
24774 =head2 Locale::Maketext::Simple - Simple interface to
24775 Locale::Maketext::Lexicon
24809 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
24819 =item The "MIT" License
24825 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
24833 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
24837 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
24839 =item The Linguistic View
24841 =item Breaking gettext
24843 =item Replacing gettext
24845 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
24847 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
24849 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
24851 =item Buzzword: Concision
24853 =item The Devil in the Details
24855 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
24863 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
24871 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
24875 =item SPECIAL CODES
24879 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
24881 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
24882 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
24884 =item QUERY ROUTINES
24886 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
24890 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
24894 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
24895 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
24903 =head2 Log::Message - A generic message storing mechanism;
24913 Log::Message, Log::Message::Item, Log::Message::Handlers,
24914 Log::Message::Config
24918 config, private, verbose, tag, level, remove, chrono
24938 message, tag, level, extra
24946 tag, level, message, amount, chrono, remove
24974 =item Acknowledgements
24980 =head2 Log::Message::Config - Configuration options for Log::Message
24992 =item Acknowledgements
24998 =head2 Log::Message::Handlers - Message handlers for Log::Message
25006 =item Default Handlers
25060 =item Custom Handlers
25066 =item Acknowledgements
25072 =head2 Log::Message::Item - Message objects for Log::Message
25080 =item Methods and Accessors
25108 =item Acknowledgements
25114 =head2 Log::Message::Simple
25126 =item msg("message string" [,VERBOSE])
25128 =item debug("message string" [,VERBOSE])
25130 =item error("error string" [,VERBOSE])
25150 =item CLASS METHODS
25154 =item Log::Message::Simple->stack()
25156 =item Log::Message::Simple->stack_as_string([TRACE])
25158 =item Log::Message::Simple->flush()
25166 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
25168 $ERROR_FH, $MSG_FH, $DEBUG_FH, $STACKTRACE_ON_ERROR
25172 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
25180 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
25184 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data, Wide
25185 character in subroutine entry
25195 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
25196 of quoted-printable strings
25204 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode),
25213 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
25222 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode),
25231 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
25241 =item Canonical notation
25245 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
25247 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
25251 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
25252 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
25274 =item Autocreating constants
25280 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
25290 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, brsft, Modifying and =, bpow, precision() vs.
25301 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer/float math package
25339 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
25341 =item is_pos()/is_neg()/is_positive()/is_negative()
25343 $x->is_pos(); # true if > 0
25344 $x->is_neg(); # true if < 0
25346 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
25432 =item as_int()/as_number()
25446 =item upgrade()/downgrade()
25454 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
25464 =item Rounding mode R
25466 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', 'common', Precision,
25467 Accuracy (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
25468 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
25473 =item Infinity and Not a Number
25475 oct()/hex(), log(-inf), exp(), cos(), sin(), atan2()
25485 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
25493 =item Autocreating constants
25499 =item Alternative math libraries
25505 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
25513 bsqrt(), div(), blog(), bexp()
25521 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
25526 bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling,
25527 Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types,
25538 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
25550 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
25554 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
25556 the same terms as Perl itself.
25564 =head2 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
25586 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
25588 the same terms as Perl itself.
25596 =head2 Math::BigInt::FastCalc - Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more
25611 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
25613 the same terms as Perl itself.
25621 =head2 Math::BigRat - Arbitrary big rational numbers
25643 =item denominator()
25645 $d = $x->denominator();
25651 =item as_int()/as_number()
25659 =item from_hex()/from_bin()/from_oct()
25671 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
25681 =item is_pos()/is_positive()
25683 =item is_neg()/is_negative()
25705 =item badd()/bmul()/bsub()/bdiv()/bdec()/binc()
25709 =item bstr()/bsstr()
25711 =item bacmp()/bcmp()
25713 =item blsft()/brsft()
25723 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
25724 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(),
25725 blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial)
25735 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
25752 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
25764 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
25766 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
25774 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
25782 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
25788 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
25790 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
25794 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
25796 deg2rad, grad2rad, rad2deg, grad2deg, deg2grad, rad2grad, rad2rad, deg2deg,
25799 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
25803 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
25805 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
25807 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
25808 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
25812 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
25816 =item great_circle_distance
25818 =item great_circle_direction
25820 =item great_circle_bearing
25822 =item great_circle_destination
25824 =item great_circle_midpoint
25826 =item great_circle_waypoint
25834 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
25844 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
25862 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
25864 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
25868 =item OTHER FACILITIES
25874 =item C<flush_cache>
25880 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
25882 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
25890 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
25896 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
25905 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
25916 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
25928 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
25936 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
25944 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
25953 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
25962 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
25970 =head2 Module::Build - Build and install Perl modules
25978 =item GUIDE TO DOCUMENTATION
25980 General Usage (L<Module::Build>), Authoring Reference
25981 (L<Module::Build::Authoring>), API Reference (L<Module::Build::API>),
25982 Cookbook (L<Module::Build::Cookbook>)
25986 build, clean, code, config_data, diff, dist, distcheck, distclean, distdir,
25987 distmeta, distsign, disttest, docs, fakeinstall, help, html, install,
25988 manifest, manpages, pardist, ppd, ppmdist, prereq_report, pure_install,
25989 realclean, retest, skipcheck, test, testall, testcover, testdb, testpod,
25990 testpodcoverage, versioninstall
25996 =item Command Line Options
25998 quiet, use_rcfile, verbose, allow_mb_mismatch
26000 =item Default Options File (F<.modulebuildrc>)
26004 =item INSTALL PATHS
26006 lib, arch, script, bin, bindoc, libdoc, binhtml, libhtml, installdirs,
26007 install_path, install_base, destdir, prefix
26023 =head2 Module::Build::API - API Reference for Module Authors
26033 current(), new(), add_to_cleanup, auto_features, autosplit, build_class,
26034 build_requires, create_packlist, c_source, conflicts, create_makefile_pl,
26035 create_readme, dist_abstract, dist_author, dist_name, dist_version,
26036 dist_version_from, dynamic_config, extra_compiler_flags,
26037 extra_linker_flags, get_options, type, store, default, include_dirs,
26038 install_path, installdirs, license, apache, artistic, bsd, gpl, lgpl, mit,
26039 mozilla, open_source, perl, restrictive, unrestricted, meta_add,
26040 meta_merge, module_name, PL_files, pm_files, pod_files, recommends,
26041 recursive_test_files, requires, script_files, sign, test_files, xs_files,
26042 new_from_context(%args), resume(), subclass()
26046 add_build_element($type), add_to_cleanup(@files), args(),
26047 autosplit_file($from, $to), base_dir(), build_requires(),
26048 check_installed_status($module, $version), check_installed_version($module,
26049 $version), compare_versions($v1, $op, $v2), config($key), config($key,
26050 $value), config() [deprecated], config_data($name), config_data($name =>
26051 $value), conflicts(), contains_pod($file), copy_if_modified(%parameters),
26052 create_build_script(), current_action(), depends_on(@actions),
26053 dir_contains($first_dir, $second_dir), dispatch($action, %args),
26054 dist_dir(), dist_name(), dist_version(), do_system($cmd, @args),
26055 feature($name), feature($name => $value), have_c_compiler(),
26056 install_base_relpaths(), install_base_relpaths($type),
26057 install_base_relpaths($type => $path), install_destination($type),
26058 install_path(), install_path($type), install_path($type => $path),
26059 install_types(), invoked_action(), notes(), notes($key), notes($key =>
26060 $value), orig_dir(), os_type(), is_vmsish(), is_windowsish(), is_unixish(),
26061 prefix_relpaths(), prefix_relpaths($installdirs),
26062 prefix_relpaths($installdirs, $type), prefix_relpaths($installdirs, $type
26063 => $path), prepare_metadata(), prereq_failures(), prereq_report(),
26064 prompt($message, $default), recommends(), requires(), rscan_dir($dir,
26065 $pattern), runtime_params(), runtime_params($key), script_files(),
26066 up_to_date($source_file, $derived_file), up_to_date(\@source_files,
26067 \@derived_files), y_n($message, $default)
26069 =item Autogenerated Accessors
26071 PL_files(), allow_mb_mismatch(), autosplit(), base_dir(), bindoc_dirs(),
26072 blib(), build_bat(), build_class(), build_elements(), build_requires(),
26073 build_script(), c_source(), config_dir(), conflicts(),
26074 create_makefile_pl(), create_packlist(), create_readme(), debugger(),
26075 destdir(), get_options(), html_css(), include_dirs(), install_base(),
26076 install_sets(), installdirs(), libdoc_dirs(), license(), magic_number(),
26077 mb_version(), meta_add(), meta_merge(), metafile(), module_name(),
26078 orig_dir(), original_prefix(), perl(), pm_files(), pod_files(), pollute(),
26079 prefix(), prereq_action_types(), quiet(), recommends(), recurse_into(),
26080 recursive_test_files(), requires(), scripts(), use_rcfile(), verbose(),
26093 =head2 Module::Build::Authoring - Authoring Module::Build modules
26103 =item PREREQUISITES
26107 =item Format of prerequisites
26111 =item SAVING CONFIGURATION INFORMATION
26113 =item STARTING MODULE DEVELOPMENT
26125 =head2 Module::Build::Base - Default methods for Module::Build
26141 =head2 Module::Build::Compat - Compatibility with ExtUtils::MakeMaker
26151 create_makefile_pl($style, $build), small, passthrough, traditional,
26152 run_build_pl(args => \@ARGV), args, script, write_makefile(), makefile
26164 =head2 Module::Build::ConfigData - Configuration for Module::Build
26174 config($name), feature($name), set_config($name, $value),
26175 set_feature($name, $value), config_names(), feature_names(),
26176 auto_feature_names(), write()
26182 =head2 Module::Build::Cookbook - Examples of Module::Build Usage
26188 =item BASIC RECIPES
26192 =item The basic installation recipe for modules that use Module::Build
26194 =item Making a CPAN.pm-compatible distribution
26196 =item Installing modules using the programmatic interface
26198 =item Installing to a temporary directory
26200 =item Installing to a non-standard directory
26202 =item Installing in the same location as ExtUtils::MakeMaker
26204 =item Running a single test file
26208 =item ADVANCED RECIPES
26212 =item Changing the order of the build process
26214 =item Adding new file types to the build process
26216 =item Adding new elements to the install process
26220 =item EXAMPLES ON CPAN
26224 =item SVN-Notify-Mirror
26226 1. Using C<auto_features>, I check to see whether two optional modules are
26227 available - SVN::Notify::Config and Net::SSH;, 2. If the S::N::Config
26228 module is loaded, I automatically generate testfiles for it during Build
26229 (using the C<PL_files> property), 3. If the C<ssh_feature> is available, I
26230 ask if the user wishes to perform the ssh tests (since it requires a little
26231 preliminary setup);, 4. Only if the user has C<ssh_feature> and answers yes
26232 to the testing, do I generate a test file
26234 =item Modifying an action
26246 =head2 Module::Build::ModuleInfo, ModuleInfo - Gather package and POD
26247 information from a perl module files
26253 new_from_file($filename, collect_pod => 1), new_from_module($module,
26254 collect_pod => 1, inc => \@dirs), name(), version($package), filename(),
26255 packages_inside(), pod_inside(), contains_pod(), pod($section),
26256 find_module_by_name($module, \@dirs), find_module_dir_by_name($module,
26267 =head2 Module::Build::Notes, $notes_name - Configuration for $module_name
26277 config(\$name), feature(\$name), set_config(\$name, \$value),
26278 set_feature(\$name, \$value), config_names(), feature_names(),
26279 auto_feature_names(), write()
26285 =head2 Module::Build::PPMMaker - Perl Package Manager file creation
26301 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::Amiga - Builder class for Amiga platforms
26313 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::Default - Stub class for unknown platforms
26325 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::EBCDIC - Builder class for EBCDIC platforms
26337 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::MPEiX - Builder class for MPEiX platforms
26349 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::MacOS - Builder class for MacOS platforms
26357 =item Overriden Methods
26359 new(), make_executable(), dispatch(), ACTION_realclean()
26369 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::RiscOS - Builder class for RiscOS platforms
26381 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::Unix - Builder class for Unix platforms
26393 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::VMS - Builder class for VMS platforms
26401 =item Overridden Methods
26435 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::VOS - Builder class for VOS platforms
26447 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::Windows - Builder class for Windows
26460 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::aix - Builder class for AIX platform
26472 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::cygwin - Builder class for Cygwin platform
26484 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::darwin - Builder class for Mac OS X
26497 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::os2 - Builder class for OS/2 platform
26509 =head2 Module::Build::YAML - Provides just enough YAML support so that
26510 Module::Build works even if YAML.pm is not installed
26524 =head2 Module::CoreList - what modules shipped with versions of perl
26544 =head2 Module::Load - runtime require of both modules and files
26562 =head2 Module::Load::Conditional - Looking up module information / loading
26573 =item $href = check_install( module => NAME [, version => VERSION, verbose
26576 module, version, verbose, file, version, uptodate
26582 =item $bool = can_load( modules => { NAME => VERSION [,NAME => VERSION] },
26583 [verbose => BOOL, nocache => BOOL] )
26585 modules, verbose, nocache
26591 =item @list = requires( MODULE );
26597 =item Global Variables
26601 =item $Module::Load::Conditional::VERBOSE
26603 =item $Module::Load::Conditional::FIND_VERSION
26605 =item $Module::Load::Conditional::CHECK_INC_HASH
26607 =item $Module::Load::Conditional::CACHE
26609 =item $Module::Load::Conditional::ERROR
26621 =head2 Module::Loaded - mark modules as loaded or unloaded
26633 =item $bool = mark_as_loaded( PACKAGE );
26641 =item $bool = mark_as_unloaded( PACKAGE );
26647 =item $loc = is_loaded( PACKAGE );
26659 =head2 Module::Pluggable - automatically give your module the ability to
26670 =item ADVANCED USAGE
26672 =item INNER PACKAGES
26720 =head2 Module::Pluggable::Object - automatically give your module the
26721 ability to have plugins
26739 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
26747 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
26753 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
26757 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
26761 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
26772 =item Enforcing redispatch
26774 =item Avoiding repetitions
26776 =item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
26778 =item Using C<EVERY> methods
26784 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
26790 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
26800 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
26803 =item CLASS METHODS
26805 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
26806 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
26807 ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
26817 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
26827 requires_firewall HOST
26829 =item NetConfig VALUES
26831 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
26832 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
26833 ftp_int_passive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
26837 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
26846 hostfqdn (), domainname (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
26854 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
26866 new ([ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
26870 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
26871 site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
26872 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [,
26873 RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ), ls (
26874 [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ),
26875 put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE
26876 ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ),
26877 size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[
26878 BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ),
26879 stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (),
26880 pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique (
26881 SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ),
26886 =item Methods for the adventurous
26892 =item THE dataconn CLASS
26894 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
26895 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
26897 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
26899 B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
26901 =item REPORTING BUGS
26909 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/
26917 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
26927 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
26931 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
26932 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
26933 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
26934 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
26935 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
26936 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
26937 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
26941 =item Extension methods
26943 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
26944 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
26945 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
26946 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
26955 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
26965 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
26975 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] 0
26979 auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER
26980 [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), banner (), capa (), capabilities
26981 (), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ]
26982 ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ]
26983 ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
26995 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
27007 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
27008 ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
27009 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
27010 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
27011 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
27028 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
27040 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] )
27044 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), host (), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth (
27045 USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ),
27046 send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient (
27047 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS, [...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]]
27048 ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ),
27049 data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [
27050 $subject ] ), quit ()
27062 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
27070 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
27071 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
27079 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
27096 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
27104 =item Where to get this document
27106 =item How to contribute to this document
27110 =item Author and Copyright Information
27118 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
27122 =item What is libnet ?
27124 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
27126 =item What other modules do I need ?
27128 =item What machines support libnet ?
27130 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
27134 =item Using Net::FTP
27138 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
27140 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
27142 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
27144 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
27147 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
27149 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
27151 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
27153 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
27155 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
27157 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
27160 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
27162 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
27165 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
27168 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
27172 =item Using Net::SMTP
27176 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
27179 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
27181 =item The verify method always returns true ?
27185 =item Debugging scripts
27189 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
27193 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
27197 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
27214 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
27229 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
27246 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
27254 =item THE .netrc FILE
27256 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
27261 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
27265 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
27275 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
27285 =item IMPLEMENTATION
27293 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
27301 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
27307 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
27311 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
27315 =head2 Object::Accessor
27327 =item $object = Object::Accessor->new( [ARGS] );
27335 =item $bool = $object->mk_accessors( @ACCESSORS | \%ACCESSOR_MAP );
27341 =item @list = $self->ls_accessors;
27347 =item $ref = $self->ls_allow(KEY)
27353 =item $clone = $self->mk_clone;
27359 =item $bool = $self->mk_flush;
27365 =item $bool = $self->mk_verify;
27371 =item $bool = $self->register_callback( sub { ... } );
27377 =item $bool = $self->can( METHOD_NAME )
27383 =item $val = $self->___get( METHOD_NAME );
27389 =item $bool = $self->___set( METHOD_NAME => VALUE );
27395 =item LVALUE ACCESSORS
27401 Allow handlers, Callbacks
27409 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
27413 =item $Object::Accessor::FATAL
27415 =item $Object::Accessor::DEBUG
27423 =item Create read-only accessors
27435 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
27447 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
27449 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
27450 or optag, an operator set (opset)
27452 =item Opcode Functions
27454 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
27455 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
27456 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
27459 =item Manipulating Opsets
27461 =item TO DO (maybe)
27467 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
27469 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
27470 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
27471 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
27480 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
27489 a new namespace, an operator mask
27495 =item RECENT CHANGES
27497 =item Methods in class Safe
27499 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
27500 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
27501 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
27502 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
27504 =item Some Safety Issues
27506 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
27514 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
27527 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
27541 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
27542 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
27543 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
27544 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
27545 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
27546 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
27547 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
27548 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
27549 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
27550 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
27551 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
27552 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
27553 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
27554 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
27555 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
27556 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
27557 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
27558 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
27559 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
27560 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
27561 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
27562 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
27563 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
27564 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
27565 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
27572 =item POSIX::SigAction
27574 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
27578 %SIGRT, SIGRTMIN, SIGRTMAX
27580 =item POSIX::SigSet
27582 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
27584 =item POSIX::Termios
27586 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
27587 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
27588 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
27589 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
27590 values, c_oflag field values
27594 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
27598 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
27602 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
27656 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
27657 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
27661 =head2 Package::Constants - List all constants declared in a package
27669 =item CLASS METHODS
27673 =item @const = Package::Constants->list( PACKAGE_NAME );
27681 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
27685 =item $Package::Constants::DEBUG
27699 =head2 Params::Check - A generic input parsing/checking mechanism.
27709 default, required, strict_type, defined, no_override, store, allow
27715 =item check( \%tmpl, \%args, [$verbose] );
27717 Template, Arguments, Verbose
27725 =item allow( $test_me, \@criteria );
27727 string, regexp, subroutine, array ref
27739 =item Global Variables
27743 =item $Params::Check::VERBOSE
27745 =item $Params::Check::STRICT_TYPE
27747 =item $Params::Check::ALLOW_UNKNOWN
27749 =item $Params::Check::STRIP_LEADING_DASHES
27751 =item $Params::Check::NO_DUPLICATES
27753 =item $Params::Check::PRESERVE_CASE
27755 =item $Params::Check::ONLY_ALLOW_DEFINED
27757 =item $Params::Check::SANITY_CHECK_TEMPLATE
27759 =item $Params::Check::WARNINGS_FATAL
27761 =item $Params::Check::CALLER_DEPTH
27767 =item Acknowledgements
27773 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
27782 :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32
27786 =item Custom Layers
27790 =item Alternatives to raw
27792 =item Defaults and how to override them
27794 =item Querying the layers of filehandles
27804 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
27816 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO
27824 =item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
27828 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
27836 =item EXPECTED METHODS
27838 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
27839 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
27840 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
27841 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
27842 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
27843 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
27844 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
27845 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
27851 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
27857 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
27865 =item REQUIRED MODULES
27869 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
27875 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
27881 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
27887 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
27899 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
27900 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
27901 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
27902 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
27903 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
27904 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
27905 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
27906 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
27911 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
27912 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
27913 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
27914 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
27915 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
27916 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
27921 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
27922 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
27934 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
27936 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
27939 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
27941 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
27943 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
27945 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
27947 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
27949 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
27957 =head2 Pod::Escapes -- for resolving Pod EE<lt>...E<gt> sequences
27967 e2char($e_content), e2charnum($e_content), $Name2character{I<name>},
27968 $Name2character_number{I<name>}, $Latin1Code_to_fallback{I<integer>},
27969 $Latin1Char_to_fallback{I<character>}, $Code2USASCII{I<integer>}
27975 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
27981 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
27993 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
27995 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
28002 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
28008 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
28010 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
28017 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
28029 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
28043 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir,
28044 htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot,
28045 quiet, recurse, title, verbose
28063 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
28076 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
28077 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
28083 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
28107 =item B<was_cutting()>
28113 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
28119 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
28125 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
28131 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
28137 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
28143 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
28149 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
28155 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
28161 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
28167 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
28173 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
28179 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
28185 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
28191 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
28197 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
28203 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
28209 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
28215 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
28221 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
28227 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
28233 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
28239 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
28245 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
28251 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
28257 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
28263 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
28269 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
28275 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
28281 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
28293 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
28305 =item OBJECT METHODS
28313 =item Data Accessors
28329 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
28331 B<StartWithNewPage>
28345 =item Subclassed methods
28359 B<interior_sequence>
28375 =item Methods for headings
28383 =item Internal methods
28389 B<_replace_special_chars>
28391 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
28397 B<_clean_latex_commands>
28399 B<_split_delimited>
28415 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
28423 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
28428 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid quote specification
28437 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
28443 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
28455 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
28459 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
28473 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
28481 $list-E<gt>indent()
28489 $list-E<gt>parent()
28495 =item Pod::Hyperlink
28497 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
28501 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
28503 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
28507 $link-E<gt>warning()
28509 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
28515 $link-E<gt>alttext()
28525 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
28531 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
28535 =item Pod::Cache::Item
28537 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
28541 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
28543 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
28545 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
28547 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
28549 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
28551 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
28553 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
28563 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
28575 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
28577 =item PARSING OPTIONS
28579 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
28580 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
28586 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
28594 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
28600 =item B<verbatim()>
28602 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
28608 =item B<textblock()>
28610 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
28616 =item B<interior_sequence()>
28622 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
28634 =item B<initialize()>
28640 =item B<begin_pod()>
28646 =item B<begin_input()>
28652 =item B<end_input()>
28664 =item B<preprocess_line()>
28670 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
28676 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
28682 =item B<parse_text()>
28684 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
28685 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
28686 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
28692 =item B<interpolate()>
28698 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
28704 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
28710 =item B<parse_from_file()>
28716 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
28722 =item B<errorsub()>
28734 =item B<parseopts()>
28740 =item B<output_file()>
28746 =item B<output_handle()>
28752 =item B<input_file()>
28758 =item B<input_handle()>
28764 =item B<input_streams()>
28770 =item B<top_stream()>
28776 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
28782 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
28788 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
28794 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
28804 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
28814 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
28820 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
28832 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
28838 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
28850 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
28856 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
28866 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
28872 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
28882 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
28888 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
28900 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
28906 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
28920 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
28930 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
28936 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
28944 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
28948 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
28949 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
28961 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
28981 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
28994 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
28996 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
29002 =item OBJECT METHODS
29008 =item B<curr_headings()>
29020 =item B<add_selection()>
29026 =item B<clear_selections()>
29032 =item B<match_section()>
29038 =item B<is_selected()>
29044 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
29050 =item B<podselect()>
29052 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
29058 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
29064 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
29070 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
29076 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
29088 =head2 Pod::Simple - framework for parsing Pod
29098 C<< $parser = I<SomeClass>->new(); >>, C<< $parser->output_fh( *OUT ); >>,
29099 C<< $parser->output_string( \$somestring ); >>, C<< $parser->parse_file(
29100 I<$some_filename> ); >>, C<< $parser->parse_file( *INPUT_FH ); >>, C<<
29101 $parser->parse_string_document( I<$all_content> ); >>, C<<
29102 $parser->parse_lines( I<...@lines...>, undef ); >>, C<<
29103 $parser->content_seen >>, C<< I<SomeClass>->filter( I<$filename> ); >>, C<<
29104 I<SomeClass>->filter( I<*INPUT_FH> ); >>, C<< I<SomeClass>->filter(
29105 I<\$document_content> ); >>
29107 =item SECONDARY METHODS
29109 C<< $parser->no_whining( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->no_errata_section(
29110 I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->complain_stderr( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<<
29111 $parser->source_filename >>, C<< $parser->doc_has_started >>, C<<
29112 $parser->source_dead >>
29118 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29124 =head2 Pod::Simple::Checker -- check the Pod syntax of a document
29134 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29140 =head2 Pod::Simple::Debug -- put Pod::Simple into trace/debug mode
29154 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29160 =head2 Pod::Simple::DumpAsText -- dump Pod-parsing events as text
29170 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29176 =head2 Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML -- turn Pod into XML
29186 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29192 =head2 Pod::Simple::HTML - convert Pod to HTML
29200 =item CALLING FROM THE COMMAND LINE
29202 =item CALLING FROM PERL
29210 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29216 =head2 Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch - convert several Pod files to several HTML
29227 =item FROM THE COMMAND LINE
29233 $batchconv = Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch->new;, $batchconv->batch_convert(
29234 I<indirs>, I<outdir> );, $batchconv->batch_convert( undef , ...);,
29235 $batchconv->batch_convert( q{@INC}, ...);, $batchconv->batch_convert(
29236 \@dirs , ...);, $batchconv->batch_convert( "somedir" , ...);,
29237 $batchconv->batch_convert( 'somedir:someother:also' , ...);,
29238 $batchconv->batch_convert( ... , undef );, $batchconv->batch_convert( ... ,
29243 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
29245 $batchconv->verbose( I<nonnegative_integer> );, $batchconv->index(
29246 I<true-or-false> );, $batchconv->contents_file( I<filename> );,
29247 $batchconv->contents_page_start( I<HTML_string> );,
29248 $batchconv->contents_page_end( I<HTML_string> );, $batchconv->add_css( $url
29249 );, $batchconv->add_javascript( $url );, $batchconv->css_flurry(
29250 I<true-or-false> );, $batchconv->javascript_flurry( I<true-or-false> );,
29251 $batchconv->no_contents_links( I<true-or-false> );,
29252 $batchconv->html_render_class( I<classname> );
29256 =item NOTES ON CUSTOMIZATION
29262 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29268 =head2 Pod::Simple::LinkSection -- represent "section" attributes of L
29279 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29285 =head2 Pod::Simple::Methody -- turn Pod::Simple events into method calls
29293 =item METHOD CALLING
29297 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29303 =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParser -- a pull-parser interface to parsing Pod
29313 my $token = $parser->get_token, $parser->unget_token( $token ),
29314 $parser->unget_token( $token1, $token2, ... ), $parser->set_source(
29315 $filename ), $parser->set_source( $filehandle_object ),
29316 $parser->set_source( \$document_source ), $parser->set_source(
29317 \@document_lines ), $parser->parse_file(...),
29318 $parser->parse_string_document(...), $parser->filter(...),
29319 $parser->parse_from_file(...), my $title_string = $parser->get_title, my
29320 $title_string = $parser->get_short_title, $author_name =
29321 $parser->get_author, $description_name = $parser->get_description,
29322 $version_block = $parser->get_version
29328 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29334 =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken -- end-tokens from
29335 Pod::Simple::PullParser
29343 $token->tagname, $token->tagname(I<somestring>), $token->tag(...),
29344 $token->is_tag(I<somestring>) or $token->is_tagname(I<somestring>)
29348 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29354 =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken -- start-tokens from
29355 Pod::Simple::PullParser
29363 $token->tagname, $token->tagname(I<somestring>), $token->tag(...),
29364 $token->is_tag(I<somestring>) or $token->is_tagname(I<somestring>),
29365 $token->attr(I<attrname>), $token->attr(I<attrname>, I<newvalue>),
29370 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29376 =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken -- text-tokens from
29377 Pod::Simple::PullParser
29385 $token->text, $token->text(I<somestring>), $token->text_r()
29389 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29395 =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParserToken -- tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
29403 $token->type, $token->is_start, $token->is_text, $token->is_end,
29408 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29414 =head2 Pod::Simple::RTF -- format Pod as RTF
29422 =item FORMAT CONTROL ATTRIBUTES
29424 $parser->head1_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
29425 $parser->head2_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
29426 $parser->head3_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
29427 $parser->head4_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
29428 $parser->codeblock_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
29429 $parser->header_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
29430 $parser->normal_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
29431 $parser->no_proofing_exemptions( I<true_or_false> );, $parser->doc_lang(
29432 I<microsoft_decimal_language_code> )
29436 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29442 =head2 Pod::Simple::Search - find POD documents in directory trees
29454 $search->inc( I<true-or-false> );, $search->verbose( I<nonnegative-number>
29455 );, $search->limit_glob( I<some-glob-string> );, $search->callback(
29456 I<\&some_routine> );, $search->laborious( I<true-or-false> );,
29457 $search->shadows( I<true-or-false> );, $search->limit_re( I<some-regxp> );,
29458 $search->dir_prefix( I<some-string-value> );, $search->progress(
29459 I<some-progress-object> );, $name2path = $self->name2path;, $path2name =
29462 =item MAIN SEARCH METHODS
29466 =item C<< $search->survey( @directories ) >>
29468 C<name2path>, C<path2name>
29470 =item C<< $search->simplify_name( $str ) >>
29472 =item C<< $search->find( $pod ) >>
29474 =item C<< $search->find( $pod, @search_dirs ) >>
29476 =item C<< $self->contains_pod( $file ) >>
29486 =head2 Pod::Simple::Subclassing -- write a formatter as a Pod::Simple
29497 C<< $parser->_handle_element_start( I<element_name>, I<attr_hashref> ) >>,
29498 C<< $parser->_handle_element_end( I<element_name> ) >>, C<<
29499 $parser->_handle_text( I<text_string> ) >>, events with an element_name
29500 of Document, events with an element_name of Para, events with an
29501 element_name of B, C, F, or I, events with an element_name of S, events
29502 with an element_name of X, events with an element_name of L, events with an
29503 element_name of E or Z, events with an element_name of Verbatim, events
29504 with an element_name of head1 .. head4, events with an element_name of
29505 over-bullet, events with an element_name of over-number, events with an
29506 element_name of over-text, events with an element_name of over-block,
29507 events with an element_name of item-bullet, events with an element_name of
29508 item-number, events with an element_name of item-text, events with an
29509 element_name of for, events with an element_name of Data
29511 =item More Pod::Simple Methods
29513 C<< $parser->accept_targets( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<<
29514 $parser->accept_targets_as_text( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<<
29515 $parser->accept_codes( I<Codename>, I<Codename>... ) >>, C<<
29516 $parser->accept_directive_as_data( I<directive_name> ) >>, C<<
29517 $parser->accept_directive_as_verbatim( I<directive_name> ) >>, C<<
29518 $parser->accept_directive_as_processed( I<directive_name> ) >>, C<<
29519 $parser->nbsp_for_S( I<BOOLEAN> ); >>, C<< $parser->version_report() >>,
29520 C<< $parser->pod_para_count() >>, C<< $parser->line_count() >>, C<<
29521 $parser->nix_X_codes( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->merge_text(
29522 I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->code_handler( I<CODE_REF> ) >>, C<<
29523 $parser->cut_handler( I<CODE_REF> ) >>, C<< $parser->whine(
29524 I<linenumber>, I<complaint string> ) >>, C<< $parser->scream(
29525 I<linenumber>, I<complaint string> ) >>, C<< $parser->source_dead(1) >>,
29526 C<< $parser->hide_line_numbers( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->no_whining(
29527 I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->no_errata_section( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<<
29528 $parser->complain_stderr( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->bare_output(
29529 I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->preserve_whitespace( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>
29533 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29539 =head2 Pod::Simple::Text -- format Pod as plaintext
29549 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29555 =head2 Pod::Simple::TextContent -- get the text content of Pod
29565 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29571 =head2 Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream -- turn Pod into XML
29581 =item ABOUT EXTENDING POD
29585 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29591 =head2 Pod::SimpleTree, Pod::Simple::SimpleTree -- parse Pod into a simple
29602 =item Tree Contents
29606 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29612 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
29620 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
29624 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
29625 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s"
29633 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
29637 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
29651 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
29655 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
29670 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
29674 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
29689 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
29693 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
29702 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-sections>, C<-output>,
29703 C<-input>, C<-pathlist>, C<-noperldoc>
29711 =item Recommended Use
29719 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
29723 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
29731 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
29737 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
29741 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
29745 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
29753 a new namespace, an operator mask
29759 =item RECENT CHANGES
29761 =item Methods in class Safe
29763 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
29764 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
29765 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
29766 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
29768 =item Some Safety Issues
29770 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
29778 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
29786 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
29787 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
29788 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
29800 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
29810 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
29820 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
29830 =item The __DATA__ token
29832 =item SelfLoader autoloading
29834 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
29836 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
29838 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
29840 =item Classes and inherited methods.
29844 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
29850 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
29862 =item Escaping Magic Characters
29864 =item Configuration
29874 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
29875 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
29883 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
29884 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
29885 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
29886 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
29887 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
29891 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
29901 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
29905 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
29907 =item CODE REFERENCES
29909 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
29911 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
29913 =item ERROR REPORTING
29921 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
29922 I<serialized>, .., C<STORABLE_attach> I<class>, I<cloning>, I<serialized>
29926 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
29927 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
29935 =item Storable magic
29937 $info = Storable::file_magic( $filename ), C<version>, C<version_nv>,
29938 C<major>, C<minor>, C<hdrsize>, C<netorder>, C<byteorder>, C<intsize>,
29939 C<longsize>, C<ptrsize>, C<nvsize>, C<file>, $info = Storable::read_magic(
29940 $buffer ), $info = Storable::read_magic( $buffer, $must_be_file )
29950 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
29962 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
29976 =item Allowing fall-through
29978 =item Automating fall-through
29980 =item Alternative syntax
29982 =item Higher-order Operations
29998 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
30010 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
30022 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
30036 B<openlog($ident, $logopt, $facility)>, B<syslog($priority, $message)>,
30037 B<syslog($priority, $format, @args)>, B<Note>,
30038 B<setlogmask($mask_priority)>, B<setlogsock($sock_type)>,
30039 B<setlogsock($sock_type, $stream_location)> (added in Perl 5.004_02),
30040 B<Note>, B<closelog()>
30056 Invalid argument passed to setlogsock, no connection to syslog available,
30057 stream passed to setlogsock, but %s is not writable, stream passed to
30058 setlogsock, but could not find any device, tcp passed to setlogsock, but
30059 tcp service unavailable, syslog: expecting argument %s, syslog: invalid
30060 level/facility: %s, syslog: too many levels given: %s, syslog: too many
30061 facilities given: %s, syslog: level must be given, udp passed to
30062 setlogsock, but udp service unavailable, unix passed to setlogsock, but
30073 AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, RT: CPAN's request
30074 tracker, Search CPAN, Kobes' CPAN Search, Perl Documentation
30080 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3)
30095 B<openlog($ident, $logopt, $facility)>, B<syslog($priority, $message)>,
30096 B<syslog($priority, $format, @args)>, B<Note>,
30097 B<setlogmask($mask_priority)>, B<setlogsock($sock_type)>,
30098 B<setlogsock($sock_type, $stream_location)> (added in Perl 5.004_02),
30099 B<Note>, B<closelog()>
30115 Invalid argument passed to setlogsock, no connection to syslog available,
30116 stream passed to setlogsock, but %s is not writable, stream passed to
30117 setlogsock, but could not find any device, tcp passed to setlogsock, but
30118 tcp service unavailable, syslog: expecting argument %s, syslog: invalid
30119 level/facility: %s, syslog: too many levels given: %s, syslog: too many
30120 facilities given: %s, syslog: level must be given, udp passed to
30121 setlogsock, but udp service unavailable, unix passed to setlogsock, but
30132 AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, RT: CPAN's request
30133 tracker, Search CPAN, Kobes' CPAN Search, Perl Documentation
30139 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
30149 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
30150 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
30151 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
30155 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
30165 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
30169 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
30185 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
30187 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
30189 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
30191 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
30199 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
30207 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
30215 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
30225 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
30226 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
30234 =item Minimal set of supported functions
30236 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
30237 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
30239 =item Additional supported functions
30241 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
30251 =head2 Term::UI - Term::ReadLine UI made easy
30265 =item $reply = $term->get_reply( prompt => 'question?', [choices => \@list,
30266 default => $list[0], multi => BOOL, print_me => "extra text to print &
30267 record", allow => $ref] );
30275 =item $bool = $term->ask_yn( prompt => "your question", [default =>
30276 (y|1,n|0), print_me => "extra text to print & record"] )
30282 =item ($opts, $munged) = $term->parse_options( STRING );
30288 =item $str = $term->history_as_string
30294 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
30298 =item $Term::UI::VERBOSE
30300 =item $Term::UI::AUTOREPLY
30302 =item $Term::UI::INVALID
30304 =item $Term::UI::History::HISTORY_FH
30312 =item Basic get_reply sample
30314 =item get_reply with choices
30316 =item get_reply with choices and default
30318 =item get_reply using print_me & multi
30320 =item get_reply & allow
30322 =item an elaborate ask_yn sample
30334 =head2 Term::UI::History, Log::Message::Simple
30346 =item history("message string" [,VERBOSE])
30354 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
30366 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
30374 =item QUICK START GUIDE
30380 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
30381 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
30391 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
30397 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
30401 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
30413 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
30437 =item Setting up tests
30455 =item Running tests
30461 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
30463 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
30471 =item Other Testing Methods
30485 =item Test building utility methods
30505 B<no_diag>, B<no_ending>, B<no_header>
30519 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
30525 =item Test Status and Info
30561 =head2 Test::Builder::Module - Base class for test modules
30583 =head2 Test::Builder::Tester - test testsuites that have been built with
30606 test_test, title (synonym 'name', 'label'), skip_out, skip_err
30624 =head2 Test::Builder::Tester::Color - turn on colour in
30625 Test::Builder::Tester
30645 =head2 Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
30663 =item Configuration variables.
30665 C<$Test::Harness::Verbose>, C<$Test::Harness::switches>,
30666 C<$Test::Harness::Timer>
30670 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<List of Failed>
30678 =item runtests( @test_files )
30686 =item execute_tests( tests => \@test_files, out => \*FH )
30696 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
30697 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
30698 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
30699 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
30701 =item ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES THAT TEST::HARNESS SETS
30703 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_VERSION>
30705 =item ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES THAT AFFECT TEST::HARNESS
30707 C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>, C<HARNESS_DEBUG>,
30708 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_PERL>,
30709 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_TIMER>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>,
30710 C<HARNESS_STRAP_CLASS>
30722 AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, RT: CPAN's request
30723 tracker, Search CPAN
30733 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
30759 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
30777 =head2 Test::Harness::Point - object for tracking a single test point
30795 =item from_test_line( $line )
30807 =head2 Test::Harness::Results - object for tracking results from a single
30832 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
30856 =item $strap->analyze( $name, \@output_lines )
30864 =item $strap->analyze_file( $test_file )
30884 =head2 Test::Harness::TAP - Documentation for the TAP format
30892 =item THE TAP FORMAT
30894 =item HARNESS BEHAVIOR
30896 =item TESTS LINES AND THE PLAN
30902 =item The test line
30904 C<ok> or C<not ok>, Test number, Description, Directive, ok/not ok
30905 (required), Test number (recommended), Description (recommended), Directive
30906 (only when necessary)
30916 =item Skipping tests
30928 =item Anything else
30936 =item Common with explanation
30938 =item Unknown amount and failures
30942 =item Skipping a few
30944 =item Skipping everything
30946 =item Got spare tuits?
30948 =item Creative liberties
30958 Specify a test plan, Run tests, Skip tests in certain situations, Have TODO
30959 tests, Produce TAP compatible diagnostics
30967 phpt, PHPUnit, SimpleTest, Apache-Test
30973 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
30979 =head2 Test::Harness::Util - Utility functions for Test::Harness::*
30985 =item PUBLIC FUNCTIONS
30989 =item all_in( {parm => value, parm => value} )
30999 =item shuffle( @list )
31009 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
31019 =item I love it when a plan comes together
31029 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
31061 =item Complex data structures
31077 =item Conditional tests
31083 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
31085 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
31097 =item Discouraged comparison functions
31109 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
31119 =item CAVEATS and NOTES
31121 Backwards compatibility, Overloaded objects, Threads, Test::Harness upgrade
31135 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
31159 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
31168 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
31176 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
31178 =item Where to start?
31182 =item Test the manual
31184 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
31186 =item Testing lots of values
31188 =item Informative names
31190 =item Skipping tests
31194 =item Testing with taint mode.
31206 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
31218 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
31228 =item General behaviour in list contexts
31232 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
31234 =item A note about prefixes
31236 =item C<extract_delimited>
31238 =item C<extract_bracketed>
31240 =item C<extract_variable>
31244 =item C<extract_tagged>
31246 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
31247 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
31249 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
31251 =item C<extract_quotelike>
31253 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
31255 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
31257 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
31259 =item C<extract_codeblock>
31261 =item C<extract_multiple>
31263 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
31265 =item C<delimited_pat>
31271 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
31272 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
31273 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
31274 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
31275 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
31276 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
31277 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
31278 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
31279 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
31280 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
31281 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
31282 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
31287 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
31293 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
31308 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
31327 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
31342 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
31358 =head2 Thread - Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
31372 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
31373 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait
31374 VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
31378 join, detach, equal, tid, done
31382 lock(\&sub), eval, flags
31388 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
31396 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
31398 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
31404 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
31412 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
31414 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
31418 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
31426 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
31427 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
31428 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
31429 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
31437 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
31457 =item Option Format
31461 =item Public Methods
31469 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
31475 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
31477 =item Deferred Writing
31481 =item Autodeferring
31485 =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
31491 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
31505 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
31514 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
31515 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
31516 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
31517 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
31519 =item MORE INFORMATION
31521 =item COMPATIBILITY
31525 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
31534 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
31535 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR
31538 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
31540 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
31542 =item C<SCALAR>, C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
31544 =item MORE INFORMATION
31548 =head2 Tie::Hash::NamedCapture - Named regexp capture buffers
31560 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
31568 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
31578 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
31588 =item THREAD SUPPORT
31590 =item STORABLE SUPPORT
31592 =item RELIC SUPPORT
31602 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
31611 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
31613 =item MORE INFORMATION
31617 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
31629 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
31638 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), nanosleep ( $nanoseconds ), ualarm (
31639 $useconds [, $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep (
31640 $floating_seconds ), alarm ( $floating_seconds [,
31641 $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer ( $which, $floating_seconds [,
31642 $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer ( $which ), clock_gettime (
31643 $which ), clock_getres ( $which ), clock_nanosleep ( $which, $nanoseconds,
31644 $flags = 0), clock(), stat, stat FH, stat EXPR
31654 =item useconds or interval more than ...
31656 =item negative time not invented yet
31658 =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
31668 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
31672 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
31684 =item Year Value Interpretation
31686 =item Limits of time_t
31688 =item Ambiguous Local Times (DST)
31690 =item Non-Existent Local Times (DST)
31692 =item Negative Epoch Values
31696 =item IMPLEMENTATION
31706 =head2 Time::Piece - Object Oriented time objects
31718 =item Local Locales
31720 =item Date Calculations
31722 =item Date Comparisons
31726 =item YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
31730 =item Global Overriding
31744 =head2 Time::Piece::Seconds, Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert
31745 seconds to other date values
31763 =head2 Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert seconds to other date values
31781 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
31796 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
31811 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
31823 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
31831 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< eval { VAL->isa(
31832 TYPE ) } >>, C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->DOES( ROLE ) >>,
31833 C<< CLASS->DOES( ROLE ) >>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<< CLASS->can(
31834 METHOD ) >>, C<< eval { VAL->can( METHOD ) } >>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
31840 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
31850 =item Constructor and Tailoring
31852 UCA_Version, alternate, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreChar,
31853 ignoreName, katakana_before_hiragana, level, normalization, overrideCJK,
31854 overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefChar, undefName,
31855 upper_before_lower, variable
31857 =item Methods for Collation
31859 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
31860 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
31861 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
31862 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
31863 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
31864 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
31865 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
31867 =item Methods for Searching
31869 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
31870 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
31871 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
31872 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
31873 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
31874 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
31875 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
31877 =item Other Methods
31879 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, C<$version =
31880 $Collator-E<gt>version()>, C<UCA_Version()>, C<Base_Unicode_Version()>
31890 Normalization, Conformance Test
31892 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
31896 Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation
31897 Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable
31898 Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15
31902 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
31912 =item Normalization Forms
31914 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
31915 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
31916 C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>, C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>,
31917 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
31919 =item Decomposition and Composition
31921 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string [, $useCompatMapping])>,
31922 C<$reordered_string = reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string =
31927 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
31928 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
31929 checkFCD($string)>, C<$result = checkFCC($string)>, C<$result =
31930 check($form_name, $string)>
31932 =item Character Data
31934 C<$canonical_decomposition = getCanon($code_point)>,
31935 C<$compatibility_decomposition = getCompat($code_point)>,
31936 C<$code_point_composite = getComposite($code_point_here,
31937 $code_point_next)>, C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($code_point)>,
31938 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($code_point)>,
31939 C<$is_exclusion = isExclusion($code_point)>, C<$is_singleton =
31940 isSingleton($code_point)>, C<$is_non_starter_decomposition =
31941 isNonStDecomp($code_point)>, C<$is_Full_Composition_Exclusion =
31942 isComp_Ex($code_point)>, C<$NFD_is_NO = isNFD_NO($code_point)>,
31943 C<$NFC_is_NO = isNFC_NO($code_point)>, C<$NFC_is_MAYBE =
31944 isNFC_MAYBE($code_point)>, C<$NFKD_is_NO = isNFKD_NO($code_point)>,
31945 C<$NFKC_is_NO = isNFKC_NO($code_point)>, C<$NFKC_is_MAYBE =
31946 isNFKC_MAYBE($code_point)>
31954 Perl's version vs. Unicode version, Correction of decomposition mapping,
31955 Revised definition of canonical composition
31961 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/,
31962 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/CompositionExclusions.txt,
31963 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt,
31964 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/NormalizationCorrections.txt,
31965 http://www.unicode.org/review/pr-29.html, http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/
31969 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
32011 =item Blocks versus Scripts
32013 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
32015 =item Code Point Arguments
32023 =item general_categories
32059 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
32065 =item Implementation Note
32077 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
32092 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
32103 =item System Specifics
32117 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
32125 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
32127 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
32128 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::CreateDirectory(DIRECTORY),
32129 Win32::CreateFile(FILE), Win32::DomainName(),
32130 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
32131 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE),
32132 Win32::GetANSIPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetArchName(),
32133 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetCurrentThreadId(),
32134 Win32::GetFileVersion(FILENAME), Win32::GetFolderPath(FOLDER [, CREATE]),
32135 Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(),
32136 Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(),
32137 Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
32138 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
32139 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::GuidGen(), Win32::IsAdminUser(),
32140 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
32141 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
32142 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
32143 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
32144 Win32::OutputDebugString(STRING), Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME),
32145 Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
32146 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
32147 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
32153 =head2 Win32API::File - Low-level access to Win32 system API calls for
32164 =item Object Oriented/Tied Handle Interface
32168 C<":Func">, attrLetsToBits, C<$uBits= attrLetsToBits( $sAttributeLetters
32169 )>, C<"a">, C<"c">, C<"h">, C<"o">, C<"r">, C<"s">, C<"t">, createFile,
32170 C<$hObject= createFile( $sPath )>, C<$hObject= createFile( $sPath,
32171 $rvhvOptions )>, C<$hObject= createFile( $sPath, $svAccess )>, C<$hObject=
32172 createFile( $sPath, $svAccess, $rvhvOptions )>, C<$hObject= createFile(
32173 $sPath, $svAccess, $svShare )>, C<$hObject= createFile( $sPath, $svAccess,
32174 $svShare, $rvhvOptions )>, C<"q">, C<"r">, C<"w">, C<"k">, C<"t">, C<"n">,
32175 C<"c">, C<"e">, C<"kc">, C<"ke">, C<"tc">, C<"te">, C<"nc">, C<"ne">, Flags
32176 => $uFlags, Attributes => $sAttributes, Security => $pSecurityAttributes,
32177 Model => $hModelFile, Access => $sAccess, Access => $uAccess, Create =>
32178 $sCreate, Create => $uCreate, Share => $sShare, Share => $uShare,
32179 getLogicalDrives, C<@roots= getLogicalDrives()>, CloseHandle,
32180 C<CloseHandle( $hObject )>, CopyFile, C<CopyFile( $sOldFileName,
32181 $sNewFileName, $bFailIfExists )>, CreateFile, C<$hObject= CreateFile(
32182 $sPath, $uAccess, $uShare, $pSecAttr, $uCreate, $uFlags, $hModel )>,
32183 C<"//./PhysicalDrive0">, C<"//./C:">, C<"//./A:">, C<"//./PIPE/PipeName">,
32184 DefineDosDevice, C<DefineDosDevice( $uFlags, $sDosDeviceName, $sTargetPath
32185 )>, C<DDD_RAW_TARGET_PATH>, C<DDD_REMOVE_DEFINITION>,
32186 C<DDD_EXACT_MATCH_ON_REMOVE>, DeleteFile, C<DeleteFile( $sFileName )>,
32187 DeviceIoControl, C<DeviceIoControl( $hDevice, $uIoControlCode, $pInBuf,
32188 $lInBuf, $opOutBuf, $lOutBuf, $olRetBytes, $pOverlapped )>, FdGetOsFHandle,
32189 C<$hNativeHandle= FdGetOsFHandle( $ivFd )>, fileConstant, C<$value=
32190 fileConstant( $sConstantName )>, fileLastError, C<$svError=
32191 fileLastError();>, C<fileLastError( $uError );>, GetDriveType,
32192 C<$uDriveType= GetDriveType( $sRootPath )>, C<DRIVE_UNKNOWN>,
32193 C<DRIVE_NO_ROOT_DIR>, C<DRIVE_REMOVABLE>, C<DRIVE_FIXED>, C<DRIVE_REMOTE>,
32194 C<DRIVE_CDROM>, C<DRIVE_RAMDISK>, GetFileAttributes, C<$uAttrs =
32195 GetFileAttributes( $sPath )>, C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE>,
32196 C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED>, C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE>,
32197 C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY>, C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED>,
32198 C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN>, C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL>,
32199 C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED>, C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE>,
32200 C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY>, C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT>,
32201 C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE>, C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM>,
32202 C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY>, GetFileType, C<$uFileType= GetFileType( $hFile
32203 )>, C<FILE_TYPE_UNKNOWN>, C<FILE_TYPE_DISK>, C<FILE_TYPE_CHAR>,
32204 C<FILE_TYPE_PIPE>, getFileSize, C<$size= getFileSize( $hFile )>,
32205 GetFileSize, C<$iSizeLow= GetFileSize($win32Handle, $iSizeHigh)>,
32206 GetOverlappedResult, C<$bRetval= GetOverlappedResult( $win32Handle,
32207 $pOverlapped, $numBytesTransferred, $bWait )>, GetLogicalDrives,
32208 C<$uDriveBits= GetLogicalDrives()>, GetLogicalDriveStrings, C<$olOutLength=
32209 GetLogicalDriveStrings( $lBufSize, $osBuffer )>, GetHandleInformation,
32210 C<GetHandleInformation( $hObject, $ouFlags )>, GetOsFHandle,
32211 C<$hNativeHandle= GetOsFHandle( FILE )>, GetVolumeInformation,
32212 C<GetVolumeInformation( $sRootPath, $osVolName, $lVolName, $ouSerialNum,
32213 $ouMaxNameLen, $ouFsFlags, $osFsType, $lFsType )>, C<FS_CASE_IS_PRESERVED>,
32214 C<FS_CASE_SENSITIVE>, C<FS_UNICODE_STORED_ON_DISK>, C<FS_PERSISTENT_ACLS>,
32215 C<FS_FILE_COMPRESSION>, C<FS_VOL_IS_COMPRESSED>, IsRecognizedPartition,
32216 C<IsRecognizedPartition( $ivPartitionType )>, IsContainerPartition,
32217 C<IsContainerPartition( $ivPartitionType )>, MoveFile, C<MoveFile(
32218 $sOldName, $sNewName )>, MoveFileEx, C<MoveFileEx( $sOldName, $sNewName,
32219 $uFlags )>, C<MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING>, C<MOVEFILE_COPY_ALLOWED>,
32220 C<MOVEFILE_DELAY_UNTIL_REBOOT>, C<MOVEFILE_WRITE_THROUGH>, OsFHandleOpen,
32221 C<OsFHandleOpen( FILE, $hNativeHandle, $sMode )>, OsFHandleOpenFd, C<$ivFD=
32222 OsFHandleOpenFd( $hNativeHandle, $uMode )>, QueryDosDevice, C<$olTargetLen=
32223 QueryDosDevice( $sDosDeviceName, $osTargetPath, $lTargetBuf )>, ReadFile,
32224 C<ReadFile( $hFile, $opBuffer, $lBytes, $olBytesRead, $pOverlapped )>,
32225 SetErrorMode, C<$uOldMode= SetErrorMode( $uNewMode )>,
32226 C<SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS>, C<SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT>,
32227 C<SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX>, C<SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX>, setFilePointer,
32228 C<$uNewPos = setFilePointer( $hFile, $ivOffset, $uFromWhere )>,
32229 SetFilePointer, C<$uNewPos = SetFilePointer( $hFile, $ivOffset,
32230 $ioivOffsetHigh, $uFromWhere )>, SetHandleInformation,
32231 C<SetHandleInformation( $hObject, $uMask, $uFlags )>, WriteFile,
32232 C<WriteFile( $hFile, $pBuffer, $lBytes, $ouBytesWritten, $pOverlapped )>,
32233 C<":FuncA">, C<":FuncW">, CopyFileW, C<CopyFileW( $swOldFileName,
32234 $swNewFileName, $bFailIfExists )>, CreateFileW, C<$hObject= CreateFileW(
32235 $swPath, $uAccess, $uShare, $pSecAttr, $uCreate, $uFlags, $hModel )>,
32236 DefineDosDeviceW, C<DefineDosDeviceW( $uFlags, $swDosDeviceName,
32237 $swTargetPath )>, DeleteFileW, C<DeleteFileW( $swFileName )>,
32238 GetDriveTypeW, C<$uDriveType= GetDriveTypeW( $swRootPath )>,
32239 GetFileAttributesW, C<$uAttrs= GetFileAttributesW( $swPath )>,
32240 GetLogicalDriveStringsW, C<$olwOutLength= GetLogicalDriveStringsW(
32241 $lwBufSize, $oswBuffer )>, GetVolumeInformationW, C<GetVolumeInformationW(
32242 $swRootPath, $oswVolName, $lwVolName, $ouSerialNum, $ouMaxNameLen,
32243 $ouFsFlags, $oswFsType, $lwFsType )>, MoveFileW, C<MoveFileW( $swOldName,
32244 $swNewName )>, MoveFileExW, C<MoveFileExW( $swOldName, $swNewName, $uFlags
32245 )>, QueryDosDeviceW, C<$olwTargetLen= QueryDosDeviceW( $swDeviceName,
32246 $oswTargetPath, $lwTargetBuf )>, C<":Misc">, C<":DDD_">, C<":DRIVE_">,
32247 C<":FILE_">, C<":FILE_ATTRIBUTE_">, C<":FILE_FLAG_">, C<":FILE_SHARE_">,
32248 C<":FILE_TYPE_">, C<":FS_">, C<":HANDLE_FLAG_">, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT,
32249 HANDLE_FLAG_PROTECT_FROM_CLOSE, C<":IOCTL_STORAGE_">,
32250 C<IOCTL_STORAGE_CHECK_VERIFY>, C<IOCTL_STORAGE_MEDIA_REMOVAL>,
32251 C<IOCTL_STORAGE_EJECT_MEDIA>, C<IOCTL_STORAGE_LOAD_MEDIA>,
32252 C<IOCTL_STORAGE_RESERVE>, C<IOCTL_STORAGE_RELEASE>,
32253 C<IOCTL_STORAGE_FIND_NEW_DEVICES>, C<IOCTL_STORAGE_GET_MEDIA_TYPES>,
32254 C<$ucCylsLow[$i]>, C<$ivcCylsHigh[$i]>, C<$uMediaType[$i]>,
32255 C<$uTracksPerCyl[$i]>, C<$uSectsPerTrack[$i]>, C<$uBytesPerSect[$i]>,
32256 C<":IOCTL_DISK_">, C<IOCTL_DISK_GET_DRIVE_GEOMETRY>, C<$ucCylsLow>,
32257 C<$ivcCylsHigh>, C<$uMediaType>, C<$uTracksPerCyl>, C<$uSectsPerTrack>,
32258 C<$uBytesPerSect>, C<IOCTL_DISK_GET_PARTITION_INFO>, C<$uStartLow> and
32259 C<$ivStartHigh>, C<$ucHiddenSects>, C<$uPartitionSeqNumber>,
32260 C<$uPartitionType>, C<$bActive>, C<$bRecognized>, C<$bToRewrite>,
32261 C<IOCTL_DISK_SET_PARTITION_INFO>, C<IOCTL_DISK_GET_DRIVE_LAYOUT>,
32262 C<$cPartitions>, C<$uDiskSignature>, C<IOCTL_DISK_GET_MEDIA_TYPES>,
32263 C<IOCTL_DISK_SET_DRIVE_LAYOUT>, C<IOCTL_DISK_VERIFY>, C<$uStartOffsetLow>
32264 and C<$ivStartOffsetHigh>, C<$uLength>, C<IOCTL_DISK_FORMAT_TRACKS>,
32265 C<IOCTL_DISK_REASSIGN_BLOCKS>, C<IOCTL_DISK_PERFORMANCE>,
32266 C<IOCTL_DISK_IS_WRITABLE>, C<IOCTL_DISK_LOGGING>, DISK_LOGGING_START,
32267 DISK_LOGGING_STOP, DISK_LOGGING_DUMP, DISK_LOGGING_BINNING,
32268 C<IOCTL_DISK_FORMAT_TRACKS_EX>, C<IOCTL_DISK_HISTOGRAM_STRUCTURE>,
32269 C<IOCTL_DISK_HISTOGRAM_DATA>, C<IOCTL_DISK_HISTOGRAM_RESET>,
32270 C<IOCTL_DISK_REQUEST_STRUCTURE>, C<IOCTL_DISK_REQUEST_DATA>, C<":FSCTL_">,
32271 C<FSCTL_SET_REPARSE_POINT>, C<FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT>,
32272 C<FSCTL_DELETE_REPARSE_POINT>, C<":GENERIC_">, C<":MEDIA_TYPE">,
32273 C<Unknown>, C<F5_1Pt2_512>, C<F3_1Pt44_512>, C<F3_2Pt88_512>,
32274 C<F3_20Pt8_512>, C<F3_720_512>, C<F5_360_512>, C<F5_320_512>,
32275 C<F5_320_1024>, C<F5_180_512>, C<F5_160_512>, C<RemovableMedia>,
32276 C<FixedMedia>, C<F3_120M_512>, C<":MOVEFILE_">, C<":SECURITY_">,
32277 C<":SEM_">, C<":PARTITION_">, C<":ALL">
32297 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
32309 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
32311 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
32315 =item Order of initialization: early load()
32319 =item The most hairy case
32325 C<Can't find '%s' symbol in %s>, C<Can't load '%s' for module %s: %s>,
32326 C<Undefined symbols present after loading %s: %s>,
32327 C<XSLoader::load('Your::Module', $Your::Module::VERSION)>
32341 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
32343 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
32344 don't all have manual pages yet:
32378 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles