4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
365 open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR
366 : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
367 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
368 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
369 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
370 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
371 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
372 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
373 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
374 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
375 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
376 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
377 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
378 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
379 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
380 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
381 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
382 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
383 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
384 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
385 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
386 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
387 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
388 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
389 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
390 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
391 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
392 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
393 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
394 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
395 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
396 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
397 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
398 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
399 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
400 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
401 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
402 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
403 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
404 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
410 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
416 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
424 =item Making References
426 =item Using References
444 =item Distribution Conditions
450 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
456 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
457 more elaborate constructs
461 =item COMMON MISTAKES
463 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
465 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
471 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
475 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
477 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
479 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
483 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
487 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
489 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
491 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
495 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
499 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
501 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
503 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
507 =item HASHES OF HASHES
511 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
513 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
515 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
519 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
523 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
525 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
527 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
539 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
549 =item Simple word matching
551 =item Using character classes
553 =item Matching this or that
555 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
557 =item Extracting matches
559 =item Matching repetitions
563 =item Search and replace
565 =item The split operator
573 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
577 =item Acknowledgments
583 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
591 =item Verbatim Paragraph
593 =item Command Paragraph
595 =item Ordinary Block of Text
599 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
601 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
611 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
619 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
637 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
639 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
640 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
641 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
642 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
644 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
646 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
647 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
648 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
652 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
654 =item Numerical Traps
656 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
658 =item General data type traps
660 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
661 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
663 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
665 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
667 =item Precedence Traps
669 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
672 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
674 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
675 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
678 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
680 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
686 =item Interpolation Traps
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
689 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
695 =item Unclassified Traps
697 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
704 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
714 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
716 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
718 =item Location of Perl
720 =item Command Switches
722 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
723 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
724 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
725 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
726 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
727 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
734 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
735 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
736 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
740 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
748 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
756 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
758 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
760 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
764 =item Backward Compatibility
766 =item Category Hierarchy
770 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
782 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
790 =item Looking at data and -w and w
794 =item Stepping through code
796 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
798 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
816 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
822 =item The Perl Debugger
826 =item Debugger Commands
828 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
829 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
830 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
831 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
832 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
833 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
834 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
835 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
836 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
838 =item Configurable Options
840 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
841 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
842 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
843 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
844 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
845 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
847 =item Debugger input/output
849 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
852 =item Debugging compile-time statements
854 =item Debugger Customization
856 =item Readline Support
858 =item Editor Support for Debugging
860 =item The Perl Profiler
864 =item Debugging regular expressions
866 =item Debugging memory usage
874 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
882 =item Predefined Names
884 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
885 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
886 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
887 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
888 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
890 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
891 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
892 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
894 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
895 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
896 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
897 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
898 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
899 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
900 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
901 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
902 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
903 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
904 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
905 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
906 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
907 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
908 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
909 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
910 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
911 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_,
912 %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
914 =item Error Indicators
916 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
924 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
932 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
934 =item Growing Your Own
936 =item Access and Printing
948 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
954 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
964 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
970 =item Open E<agrave> la C
974 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
978 =item Obscure Open Tricks
982 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
984 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
988 =item Single Argument Open
990 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
994 =item Other I/O Issues
998 =item Opening Non-File Files
1008 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1014 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1020 =item Part 1: The basics
1024 =item Simple word matching
1026 =item Using character classes
1028 =item Matching this or that
1030 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1032 =item Extracting matches
1034 =item Matching repetitions
1036 =item Building a regexp
1038 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1042 =item Part 2: Power tools
1046 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1048 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1050 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1052 =item Non-capturing groupings
1054 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1056 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1058 =item Conditional expressions
1060 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1062 =item Pragmas and debugging
1070 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1074 =item Acknowledgments
1080 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1090 =item Regular Expressions
1092 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1094 =item Extended Patterns
1096 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1097 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1098 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1099 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1103 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1105 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1107 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1109 =item Combining pieces together
1111 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1112 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1113 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1114 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1116 =item Creating custom RE engines
1126 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1136 =item Making References
1138 =item Using References
1140 =item Symbolic references
1142 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1144 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1146 =item Function Templates
1156 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1164 =item Format Variables
1174 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1182 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1190 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1192 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1194 =item Invoking a barnyard
1196 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1198 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1200 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1202 =item A few notes about @ISA
1204 =item Overriding the methods
1206 =item Starting the search from a different place
1208 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1210 =item Where we're at so far...
1212 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1214 =item Invoking an instance method
1216 =item Accessing the instance data
1218 =item How to build a horse
1220 =item Inheriting the constructor
1222 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1224 =item Adding parameters to a method
1226 =item More interesting instances
1228 =item A horse of a different color
1240 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1246 =item Creating a Class
1250 =item Object Representation
1252 =item Class Interface
1254 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1256 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1260 =item Other Object Methods
1268 =item Accessing Class Data
1270 =item Debugging Methods
1272 =item Class Destructors
1274 =item Documenting the Interface
1284 =item Overridden Methods
1286 =item Multiple Inheritance
1288 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1292 =item Alternate Object Representations
1296 =item Arrays as Objects
1298 =item Closures as Objects
1302 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1306 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1308 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1312 =item Metaclassical Tools
1318 =item Data Members as Variables
1326 =item Object Terminology
1332 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1338 =item Acknowledgments
1344 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1350 =item Class Data in a Can
1352 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1356 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1358 =item Inheritance Concerns
1360 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1362 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1364 =item Monadic Classes
1366 =item Translucent Attributes
1370 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1374 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1376 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1378 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1380 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1382 =item Translucency Revisited
1390 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1392 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1398 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1406 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1408 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1410 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1412 =item Method Invocation
1414 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1416 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1418 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1424 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1432 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1438 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1440 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1442 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1444 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1446 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1448 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1450 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1452 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1454 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1456 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1462 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1474 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1479 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1480 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1481 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1482 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1487 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1488 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1489 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1491 =item Tying FileHandles
1493 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1494 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1499 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1511 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1512 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1528 =item Using open() for IPC
1534 =item Background Processes
1536 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1538 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1540 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1542 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1546 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1550 =item Internet Line Terminators
1552 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1554 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1558 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1562 =item A Simple Client
1564 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1566 =item A Webget Client
1568 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1572 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1574 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1576 =item UDP: Message Passing
1590 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1600 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1602 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1603 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1604 files, directories and network sockets
1606 =item Resource limits
1608 =item Killing the parent process
1610 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1612 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1614 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1615 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1616 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1628 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1636 =item Storing numbers
1638 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1640 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1642 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1643 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1644 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1653 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1659 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1661 =item Threaded Program Models
1673 =item Native threads
1675 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1677 =item Threadsafe Modules
1683 =item Basic Thread Support
1685 =item Creating Threads
1687 =item Giving up control
1689 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1691 =item Errors In Threads
1693 =item Ignoring A Thread
1697 =item Threads And Data
1701 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1703 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1705 =item Controlling access: lock()
1707 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1709 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1713 =item Threads And Code
1717 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1719 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1721 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1723 =item Subroutine Locks
1727 =item Locking A Subroutine
1731 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1735 =item What Thread Am I In?
1739 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1741 =item What Threads Are Running?
1745 =item A Complete Example
1753 =item Introductory Texts
1755 =item OS-Related References
1757 =item Other References
1761 =item Acknowledgements
1769 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1775 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1784 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1786 =item Files and Filesystems
1788 =item System Interaction
1790 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1792 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1794 =item Standard Modules
1798 =item Character sets and character encoding
1800 =item Internationalisation
1802 =item System Resources
1812 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1813 http://testers.cpan.org/
1821 =item DOS and Derivatives
1829 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1837 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1841 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1843 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1844 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1845 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1846 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1847 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1848 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1849 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1850 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1851 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1852 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1853 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1854 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1855 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1856 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1857 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1858 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1859 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1860 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1861 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1862 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1863 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1864 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1865 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1866 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1867 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1873 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1874 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1875 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1876 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1877 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1878 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1880 =item Supported Platforms
1884 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1890 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1897 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1903 =item The use locale pragma
1905 =item The setlocale function
1907 =item Finding locales
1909 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1911 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1913 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1915 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1917 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1919 =item The localeconv function
1923 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1927 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1929 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1931 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1933 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1937 =item Other categories
1945 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1946 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1952 =item Backward compatibility
1954 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1956 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1958 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1960 =item Freely available locale definitions
1964 =item An imperfect standard
1972 =item Broken systems
1982 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1990 =item Important Caveats
1992 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1993 to enable a few features
1995 =item Byte and Character semantics
1997 =item Effects of character semantics
2003 =item Character encodings for input and output
2013 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2019 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2027 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2031 =item 13 variant characters
2039 =item Unicode and UTF
2043 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2045 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2047 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2061 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2063 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2065 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2067 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2075 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2077 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2079 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2081 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2085 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2089 =item URL decoding and encoding
2091 =item uu encoding and decoding
2093 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2095 =item Caesarian ciphers
2099 =item Hashing order and checksums
2103 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2115 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2135 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2143 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2145 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2147 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2151 =item Protecting Your Programs
2159 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2171 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2177 =item Making your module threadsafe
2185 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2191 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2195 =item Pragmatic Modules
2197 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2198 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2199 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, unicode::distinct, utf8, vars, warnings,
2202 =item Standard Modules
2204 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2205 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2206 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2207 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2208 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2209 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2210 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2211 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2212 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2213 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2214 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2215 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2216 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2217 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2218 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2219 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2220 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2221 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2222 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2223 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2224 Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
2225 Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2226 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2227 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2228 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2229 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::DummyInetd, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP,
2230 Net::Netrc, Net::PH, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::SNPP, Net::Time,
2231 Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O,
2232 ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html,
2233 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
2234 Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2235 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
2236 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2237 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2238 Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
2239 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
2240 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
2241 Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar,
2242 Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm,
2243 UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2245 =item Extension Modules
2257 =item Central America
2269 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2273 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2275 Adding a Copyright Notice
2277 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2279 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2287 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2297 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2298 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2312 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2322 =item What should I make into a module?
2324 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2326 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2328 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2330 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2331 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2332 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2334 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2336 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2337 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2347 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2348 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2358 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2360 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2362 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2364 =item What is perl6?
2366 =item How stable is Perl?
2368 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2370 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2373 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2375 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2377 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2379 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2381 =item What is a JAPH?
2383 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2385 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2386 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2390 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2394 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2395 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2403 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2405 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2407 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2409 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2412 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2413 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2415 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2416 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2418 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2420 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2422 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2424 =item Where should I post source code?
2428 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2430 =item Perl in Magazines
2432 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2434 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2436 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2438 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2440 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2442 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2446 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2450 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2459 =item How do I do (anything)?
2461 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2463 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2465 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2467 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2469 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2471 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2473 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2475 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2477 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2478 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2479 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2481 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2483 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2485 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2487 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2489 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2491 =item What is undump?
2493 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2495 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2497 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2499 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2501 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2503 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2505 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2507 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2509 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2511 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2513 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2515 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2517 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2519 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2521 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2522 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2524 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2527 =item What's MakeMaker?
2531 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2535 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2546 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2547 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2549 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2551 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2554 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2556 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2558 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2560 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2562 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2564 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2572 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2574 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2576 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2578 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2580 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2582 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2584 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2592 =item How do I validate input?
2594 =item How do I unescape a string?
2596 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2598 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2600 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2602 =item How do I reverse a string?
2604 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2606 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2608 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2610 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2612 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2615 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2617 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2618 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2620 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2622 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2624 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2626 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2628 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2630 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2632 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2634 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2635 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2644 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2646 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2648 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2652 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2654 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2655 intersection of two arrays?
2657 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2659 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2661 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2663 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2665 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2667 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2669 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2671 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2673 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2675 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2677 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2681 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2685 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2687 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2690 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2692 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2694 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2696 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2698 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2700 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2702 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2704 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2706 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2708 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2710 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2713 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2714 array of hashes or arrays?
2716 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2724 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2726 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2728 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2730 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2732 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2734 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2736 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2740 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2744 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2753 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2755 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2756 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2758 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2760 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2762 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2764 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2765 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2767 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2769 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2771 =item How can I write() into a string?
2773 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2775 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2777 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2779 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2781 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2783 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2785 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2787 =item How can I lock a file?
2789 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2791 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2792 the file. How can I do this?
2794 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
2795 file. Do I still have to use locking?
2797 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2799 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2801 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2803 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2805 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2807 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2809 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2811 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2813 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2815 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2817 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2819 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2820 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2822 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2824 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2825 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2827 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2829 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2833 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2837 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2845 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2846 and unmaintainable code?
2848 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2850 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2852 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2855 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2857 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2860 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2862 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2864 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2866 =item What is C</o> really for?
2868 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2871 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2873 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2875 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2877 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2879 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2881 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2883 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2885 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2887 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2889 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2891 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2893 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2895 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2899 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2903 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2904 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2912 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2914 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2917 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2920 =item How do I skip some return values?
2922 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2924 =item What's an extension?
2926 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2928 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2930 =item How do I create a module?
2932 =item How do I create a class?
2934 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2936 =item What's a closure?
2938 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2940 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2943 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2946 =item How do I create a static variable?
2948 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2949 Between local() and my()?
2951 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2954 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2956 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2958 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2960 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2962 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2964 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2966 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2968 =item How can I find out my current package?
2970 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2972 =item How do I clear a package?
2974 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2978 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2982 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2991 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2993 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2995 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
2997 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
2999 =item How do I print something out in color?
3001 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3003 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3005 =item How do I clear the screen?
3007 =item How do I get the screen size?
3009 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3011 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3013 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3015 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3017 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3019 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3021 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3023 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3025 =item How do I set the time and date?
3027 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3029 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3031 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3033 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3034 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3036 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3038 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3040 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3042 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3044 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3046 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3048 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3050 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3052 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3054 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3057 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3059 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3061 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3063 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3066 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3067 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3068 changes to be visible?
3072 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3075 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3077 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3079 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3081 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3083 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3085 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3087 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3089 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3091 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3093 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3095 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3097 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3100 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3102 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3106 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3110 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3119 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3122 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3124 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3126 =item How do I extract URLs?
3128 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3129 file on another machine?
3131 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3133 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3135 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3137 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3139 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3141 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3143 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3145 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3146 CGI script to do bad things?
3148 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3150 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3152 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3154 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3156 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3158 =item How do I send mail?
3160 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3162 =item How do I read mail?
3164 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3166 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3168 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3170 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3174 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3178 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3188 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3192 =item Using The Back Ends
3196 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3200 =item The Decompiling Back End
3202 =item The Lint Back End
3204 =item The Simple C Back End
3206 =item The Bytecode Back End
3208 =item The Optimized C Back End
3210 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3211 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3212 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3216 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3222 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3232 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3233 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3237 =item Compiling your C program
3239 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3241 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3243 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3245 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3247 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3249 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3251 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3253 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3258 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3268 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3274 =item Debugger Internals
3278 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3282 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3284 =item Debugging regular expressions
3288 =item Compile-time output
3290 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3291 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3292 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3295 =item Types of nodes
3297 =item Run-time output
3301 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3305 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3307 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3308 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3311 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3313 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3315 =item B<-DL> details
3319 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3327 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3339 =item Version caveat
3341 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3353 =item What has gone on?
3355 =item Writing good test scripts
3359 =item What's new here?
3361 =item Input and Output Parameters
3363 =item The XSUBPP Program
3365 =item The TYPEMAP file
3367 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3371 =item What has happened here?
3373 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3375 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3377 =item More about XSUB arguments
3379 =item The Argument Stack
3381 =item Extending your Extension
3383 =item Documenting your Extension
3385 =item Installing your Extension
3389 =item New Things in this Example
3393 =item New Things in this Example
3395 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3397 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3399 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3401 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3417 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3429 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3431 =item The Argument Stack
3433 =item The RETVAL Variable
3435 =item The MODULE Keyword
3437 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3439 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3441 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3443 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3445 =item The CODE: Keyword
3447 =item The INIT: Keyword
3449 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3451 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3453 =item Default Parameter Values
3455 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3457 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3459 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3461 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3463 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3465 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3467 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3469 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3471 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3473 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3475 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3477 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3479 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3481 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3483 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3485 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3487 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3489 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3491 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3493 =item The CASE: Keyword
3495 =item The & Unary Operator
3497 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3499 =item Using XS With C++
3501 =item Interface Strategy
3503 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3517 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3527 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3529 =item File Operations
3531 =item File Input and Output
3533 =item File Positioning
3535 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3537 =item Character Class Tests
3539 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3541 =item Miscellaneous functions
3549 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3561 =item What is an "IV"?
3563 =item Working with SVs
3567 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3569 =item Working with AVs
3571 =item Working with HVs
3573 =item Hash API Extensions
3577 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3579 =item Creating New Variables
3581 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3583 =item Stashes and Globs
3585 =item Double-Typed SVs
3587 =item Magic Variables
3589 =item Assigning Magic
3591 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3595 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3597 =item Localizing changes
3599 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3600 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3601 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3602 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3603 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3604 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3605 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3606 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3607 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3608 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3616 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3618 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3620 =item Memory Allocation
3624 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3628 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3638 =item Examining the tree
3640 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3642 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3644 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3646 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3650 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3652 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3656 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3658 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3660 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3662 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3664 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3668 =item Internal Functions
3670 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3674 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3676 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3678 =item Source Documentation
3682 =item Unicode Support
3686 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3688 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3690 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3692 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3694 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3696 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3706 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3712 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3714 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3716 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3736 =item Determining the Context
3740 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3746 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3748 =item Passing Parameters
3750 =item Returning a Scalar
3752 =item Returning a list of values
3754 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3756 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3760 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3764 =item Using call_argv
3766 =item Using call_method
3770 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3772 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3774 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3775 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3778 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3780 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3792 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3802 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3803 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3804 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3805 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3809 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3811 =item Administration
3813 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3817 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3818 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3826 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3836 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3838 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3840 B<Decryption Filters>
3842 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3844 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3846 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3858 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3866 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3867 B<filter_fetch_value>
3873 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3875 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3885 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3891 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3892 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3893 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
3894 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
3895 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
3896 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
3897 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, GvSV,
3898 gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv,
3899 gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID,
3900 HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force,
3901 HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
3902 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
3903 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store,
3904 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
3905 isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items, ix, LEAVE, load_module,
3906 looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get,
3907 mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV,
3908 newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf,
3909 newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto,
3910 Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc,
3911 perl_clone, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
3912 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn,
3913 POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
3914 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
3915 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
3916 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
3917 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
3918 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK,
3919 SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK,
3920 SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV,
3921 SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen,
3922 SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen,
3923 SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT,
3924 SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC,
3925 SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH,
3926 SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE,
3927 SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK,
3928 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
3929 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
3930 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
3931 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
3932 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
3933 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
3934 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
3935 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
3936 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
3937 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
3938 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
3939 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
3940 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3941 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3942 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3943 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
3944 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
3945 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
3946 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
3947 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER,
3948 toUPPER, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
3949 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
3950 uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN,
3951 XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV,
3952 XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV,
3953 XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3961 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3968 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3969 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
3970 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
3978 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3988 =item History and Background
3990 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3992 =item Data Structures
3994 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
3995 data for a particular handle
3997 =item Functions and Attributes
3999 =item Per-instance Data
4001 =item Layers in action.
4003 =item Per-instance flag bits
4005 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4006 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4007 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4008 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4010 =item Methods in Detail
4012 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4013 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4014 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4015 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4016 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4017 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4018 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4019 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4020 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4021 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4022 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4023 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4024 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4025 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4029 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4031 =item Extension Layers
4033 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4039 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4047 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4048 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4049 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4050 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4051 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4052 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4053 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4054 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4055 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4056 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4057 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4061 =item Co-existence with stdio
4063 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4064 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4066 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4068 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4069 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4070 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4071 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4073 =item Other Functions
4075 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4076 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4082 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4088 =item To do during 5.6.x
4092 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4094 =item Eliminate need for "use utf8";
4096 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4098 =item Autoload byte.pm
4100 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4102 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4104 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4106 =item Unicode case mappings
4108 =item Unicode regular expression character classes
4110 =item use Thread for iThreads
4112 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4114 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4116 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4118 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4120 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4122 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4124 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4126 =item Complete signal handling
4128 =item Out-of-source builds
4130 =item POSIX realtime support
4132 =item UNIX98 support
4136 =item Long double conversion
4140 =item Thread-safe regexes
4142 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4144 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4146 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4148 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4150 =item Custom opcodes
4152 =item spawnvp() on Win32
4154 =item DLL Versioning
4156 =item Introduce @( and @)
4158 =item Floating point handling
4160 =item IV/UV preservation
4162 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4164 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4166 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4168 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4170 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4172 =item Document Win32 choices
4174 =item Check new modules
4176 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4180 =item To do at some point
4184 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4186 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4188 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4190 =item bitfields in pack
4192 =item Cross compilation
4194 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4196 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4198 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4200 =item -i rename file when changed
4202 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4204 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4206 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4208 =item my sub foo { }
4210 =item One-pass global destruction
4212 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4214 =item Cache recently used regexps
4216 =item Re-entrant functions
4218 =item Cross-compilation support
4220 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4222 =item debugger pragma
4224 =item use less pragma
4226 =item switch structures
4228 =item Cache eval tree
4232 =item Shrink opcode tables
4234 =item Optimize away @_
4236 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4240 =item Prototype method calls
4242 =item Return context prototype declarations
4246 =item Garbage collection
4250 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4252 =item Rewrite perldoc
4254 =item Install .3p manpages
4256 =item Unicode tutorial
4258 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4260 =item Retargetable installation
4262 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4264 =item Rename Win32 headers
4266 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4268 =item Update sprintf documentation
4270 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4278 =item ref() in list context
4280 =item Make tr/// return histogram
4282 =item Compile to real threaded code
4284 =item Structured types
4286 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4288 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4292 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4294 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4298 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4300 =item Constant function cache
4302 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4310 =item Update guts documentation
4312 =item Add more tests
4314 =item Update auxiliary tools
4318 =item Recently done things
4322 =item Safe signal handling
4328 =item setitimer and getimiter
4330 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4332 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4334 =item Explicit switch statements
4342 =item perlcc to produce executable
4344 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4346 =item Secure temporary file module
4348 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4350 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4352 =item Mmap for input
4354 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4356 =item Add sockatmark support
4358 =item Mailing list archives
4362 =item Integrate MacPerl
4364 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4366 =item Regular expression tutorial
4368 =item Debugging Tutorial
4370 =item Integrate new modules
4372 =item Integrate profiler
4374 =item Y2K error detection
4376 =item Regular expression debugger
4380 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4382 =item Cache precompiled modules
4386 =item Deprecated Wishes
4390 =item Loop control on do{}
4392 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4398 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4400 =item Named prototypes
4402 =item Built-in globbing
4404 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4406 =item Cached hash values
4408 =item Add compression modules
4410 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4412 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4414 =item Make XS easier to use
4416 =item Make embedding easier to use
4420 =item my $Package::variable
4422 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4424 =item "class"-based lexicals
4428 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4430 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4436 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4442 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4443 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4444 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4445 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4446 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4447 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4448 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4452 =item Keeping in sync
4454 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4455 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4456 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4457 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4459 =item Submitting patches
4461 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4462 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4464 =item Finding Your Way Around
4466 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4468 =item Elements of the interpreter
4470 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4472 =item Internal Variable Types
4478 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4480 =item Millions of Macros
4482 =item Poking at Perl
4484 =item Using a source-level debugger
4486 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4487 finish, 'enter', print
4489 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4495 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4499 =item Rational Software's Purify
4501 =item Purify on Unix
4503 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4507 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4509 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4511 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4513 =item Gprof Profiling
4515 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4517 =item Pixie Profiling
4519 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4524 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4532 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4540 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4552 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4554 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4558 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4562 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4568 =item Reporting Bugs
4576 =head2 perl572delta, perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
4582 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4584 =item Incompatible Changes
4588 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4590 =item AIX Dynaloading
4592 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
4594 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
4600 =item Core Enhancements
4602 =item Modules and Pragmata
4606 =item New Modules and Distribution
4608 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4612 =item Utility Changes
4614 =item New Documentation
4616 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4620 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4622 =item Generic Improvements
4626 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4630 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4634 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4636 =item Source Code Enhancements
4640 =item MAGIC constants
4642 =item Better commented code
4644 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
4652 =item Known Problems
4658 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
4660 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4662 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
4664 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configur
4666 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
4668 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4672 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
4674 =item Failure of Thread tests
4678 =item UNICOS/mk ext/IPC/SysV/t/sem test 8
4684 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4686 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4688 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
4690 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4692 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4694 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
4698 =item Reporting Bugs
4706 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4712 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4714 =item Incompatible Changes
4716 =item Core Enhancements
4720 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
4722 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
4724 =item Signals Are Now Safe
4728 =item Modules and Pragmata
4734 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4738 =item Performance Enhancements
4740 =item Utility Changes
4742 =item New Documentation
4758 =item README.solaris
4762 =item Porting/repository.pod
4766 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4770 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4772 =item Generic Improvements
4774 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4775 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4776 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4780 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4784 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4788 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4790 =item Changed Internals
4794 =item Known Problems
4798 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4800 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4802 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4804 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4808 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4810 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4812 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4814 =item Failure of Thread tests
4816 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4818 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4820 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4822 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4826 =item Reporting Bugs
4834 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4840 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4842 =item Incompatible Changes
4844 =item Core Enhancements
4846 =item Modules and Pragmata
4852 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4856 =item Utility Changes
4858 =item New Documentation
4860 =item Performance Enhancements
4862 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4866 =item Generic Improvements
4870 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4874 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4878 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4880 =item Changed Internals
4882 =item Known Problems
4886 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4888 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4890 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4892 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4894 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4896 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4898 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4900 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4902 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4904 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4908 =item Reporting Bugs
4916 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4922 =item Core Enhancements
4926 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4928 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4930 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4932 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4934 =item "our" declarations
4936 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4938 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4940 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4942 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4944 =item open() with more than two arguments
4946 =item 64-bit support
4948 =item Large file support
4954 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4956 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4958 =item File globbing implemented internally
4960 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4962 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4964 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4966 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4968 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4970 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4972 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4974 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4976 =item Comments in pack() templates
4978 =item Weak references
4980 =item Binary numbers supported
4982 =item Lvalue subroutines
4984 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4986 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4988 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4990 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4992 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4994 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4996 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4998 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5000 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5002 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5004 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5006 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5008 =item Improved diagnostics
5010 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5012 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5014 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5016 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5018 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5020 =item Improved security features
5022 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5024 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5026 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5028 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5030 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5032 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5034 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5038 =item Modules and Pragmata
5044 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5045 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5046 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5047 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5048 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5049 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5050 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5051 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5057 =item Utility Changes
5071 =item The Perl Debugger
5075 =item Improved Documentation
5077 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5078 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5079 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5080 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5082 =item Performance enhancements
5086 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5088 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5090 =item Faster subroutine calls
5092 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5096 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5100 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5102 =item New Configure flags
5104 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5110 =item -Duselargefiles
5112 =item installusrbinperl
5118 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5122 =item Platform specific changes
5126 =item Supported platforms
5130 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5138 =item Significant bug fixes
5142 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5144 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5146 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5148 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5150 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5152 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5154 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5156 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5158 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5160 =item Locale bugs fixed
5164 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5166 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5168 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5170 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5174 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5176 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5177 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5178 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5179 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5180 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5181 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5182 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5183 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5184 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5185 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5186 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5187 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5188 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5189 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5190 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5191 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5192 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5193 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5194 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5195 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5196 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5197 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5198 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5199 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5200 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5201 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5202 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5203 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5204 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5205 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5206 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5207 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5208 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5209 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5210 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5211 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5212 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5213 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5214 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5215 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5216 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5217 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5218 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5219 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5220 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5221 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5222 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5223 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5224 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5225 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5229 =item Incompatible Changes
5233 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5235 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5236 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5237 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5238 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5239 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5240 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5241 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5242 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5243 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5244 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5245 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5247 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5249 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5251 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5253 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5255 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5259 =item Known Problems
5263 =item Thread test failures
5265 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5267 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5269 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5271 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5274 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5276 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5278 =item Experimental features
5280 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5281 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5282 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5286 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5288 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5289 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5290 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5291 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5293 =item Reporting Bugs
5301 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5307 =item About the new versioning system
5309 =item Incompatible Changes
5313 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5315 =item Default installation structure has changed
5317 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5319 =item C Source Compatibility
5321 =item Binary Compatibility
5323 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5325 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5339 =item Regular Expressions
5341 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5342 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5343 improvements, Incompatible changes
5345 =item Improved malloc()
5347 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5349 =item Reliable signals
5351 =item Reliable stack pointers
5353 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5357 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5359 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5361 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5363 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5365 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5367 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5369 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5371 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5373 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5375 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5377 =item Better locale support
5379 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5381 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5383 =item Extended support for exception handling
5385 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5387 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5389 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5391 =item New C<lock> keyword
5393 =item New C<qr//> operator
5395 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5397 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5399 =item Tied handles support is better
5401 =item 4th argument to substr
5403 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5405 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5407 =item <> now reads in records
5411 =item Supported Platforms
5417 =item Changes in existing support
5421 =item Modules and Pragmata
5427 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5428 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5429 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5431 =item Changes in existing modules
5433 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5434 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5438 =item Utility Changes
5440 =item Documentation Changes
5442 =item New Diagnostics
5444 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5445 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5446 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5447 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5448 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5449 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5450 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5451 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5452 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5453 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5454 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5455 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5456 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5457 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5458 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5459 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5460 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5462 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5464 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5465 temporary file, regexp too big
5467 =item Configuration Changes
5477 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5483 =item Supported Environments
5489 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5491 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5493 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5495 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5497 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5499 =item More precise warnings
5501 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5503 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5505 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5507 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5509 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5511 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5513 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5515 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5517 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5519 =item Changes to tainting checks
5521 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5522 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5524 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5526 =item Embedding improvements
5528 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5530 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5532 =item New and changed syntax
5536 =item New and changed builtin constants
5540 =item New and changed builtin variables
5544 =item New and changed builtin functions
5546 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5547 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5548 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5549 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5550 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5552 =item New builtin methods
5554 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5556 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5558 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5559 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5561 =item Malloc enhancements
5563 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5565 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5569 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5585 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5586 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5592 =item Required Updates
5594 =item Installation directories
5596 =item Module information summary
5610 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5614 =item Utility Changes
5620 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5624 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5628 =item C Language API Changes
5630 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5633 =item Documentation Changes
5635 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5636 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5638 =item New Diagnostics
5640 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5641 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5642 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5643 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5644 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5645 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5646 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5647 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5648 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5649 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5650 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5651 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5652 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5653 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5654 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5655 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5656 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5657 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5658 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5659 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5660 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5661 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5662 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5663 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5664 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5674 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5682 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5686 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5688 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5690 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5692 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5698 =item GDBM and Threads
5700 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5710 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
5720 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5734 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
5736 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5738 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5740 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5746 =item Accessing documentation
5750 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
5752 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
5754 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
5756 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
5760 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
5764 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
5766 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
5768 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
5770 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
5772 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
5782 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
5790 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
5792 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
5796 =item Contact Information
5802 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5812 =item gzip on BS2000
5814 =item bison on BS2000
5816 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
5818 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
5820 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
5822 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
5824 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
5826 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5828 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
5846 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5852 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
5856 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5858 =item Cygwin Configuration
5860 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5864 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
5868 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
5870 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
5872 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5873 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5875 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
5877 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5878 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5880 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
5882 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5886 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
5890 =item Warnings on Cygwin
5896 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
5900 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
5902 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
5904 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
5906 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
5908 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
5910 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
5912 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5916 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
5918 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
5920 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5921 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5923 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
5931 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
5943 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
5947 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
5949 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
5951 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
5953 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
5963 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5971 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5973 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
5975 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
5977 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5981 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
5983 =item PATH Names on Epoc
5985 =item Editors on Epoc
5987 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
5989 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
5991 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5995 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
6003 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
6012 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
6022 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
6024 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
6026 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
6028 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
6030 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
6032 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
6034 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
6036 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
6038 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
6040 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
6042 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
6052 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
6060 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
6068 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
6077 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
6079 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
6081 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
6083 =item Building external modules on MachTen
6093 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6107 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
6113 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
6119 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6127 =item What's New in Perl ffor MPE/iX
6129 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
6131 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
6133 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6135 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
6137 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6138 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6140 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6144 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6146 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6148 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
6150 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
6152 =item Perl/iX Change History
6168 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
6180 =item Build new extensions
6184 =item Acknowledgements
6192 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6212 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6214 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6216 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6220 =item Frequently asked questions
6224 =item "It does not work"
6226 =item I cannot run external programs
6228 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6231 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6234 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6236 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6244 =item Automatic binary installation
6246 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6248 =item Manual binary installation
6250 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6251 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6252 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6253 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6254 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6260 =item Accessing documentation
6264 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6272 =item GNU C<info> files
6284 =item The short story
6288 =item Getting perl source
6290 =item Application of the patches
6298 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6301 =item Installing the built perl
6303 =item C<a.out>-style build
6311 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6313 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6315 =item Problems with tr or sed
6317 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6319 =item Library ... not found
6321 =item Segfault in make
6323 =item op/sprintf test failure
6327 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6331 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6335 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6337 =item Additional modules:
6339 =item Prebuilt methods:
6341 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6342 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6343 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6344 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6345 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6346 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6347 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6348 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6349 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6350 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6351 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6353 =item Prebuilt variables:
6355 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6361 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6364 =item Identifying DLLs
6366 =item Centralized management of resources
6382 =item F<perl___.exe>
6384 =item Why strange names?
6386 =item Why dynamic linking?
6388 =item Why chimera build?
6396 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6398 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6400 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6402 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6404 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6406 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6416 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
6418 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
6420 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
6423 =item DLL forwarder generation
6427 =item Calls to external programs
6429 =item Memory allocation
6433 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6449 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6459 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
6461 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
6463 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
6465 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
6467 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6469 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6471 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6473 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
6475 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6477 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
6487 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
6495 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
6503 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX
6505 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
6507 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX
6509 =item QNX auxiliary files
6519 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
6529 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
6531 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
6533 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
6535 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
6539 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
6543 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
6555 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6563 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6569 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6575 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
6577 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
6579 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
6583 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6587 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6589 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
6591 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6595 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6597 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6598 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6599 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6605 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
6609 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
6611 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
6615 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
6619 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6621 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6625 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
6627 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
6629 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
6639 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
6640 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
6648 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
6650 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
6652 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
6654 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
6656 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
6658 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
6662 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
6668 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6678 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
6680 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
6682 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
6684 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
6686 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
6696 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
6702 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6710 =item Organization of Perl Images
6716 =item Perl Extensions
6718 =item Installing static extensions
6720 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6724 =item File specifications
6730 =item Wildcard expansion
6736 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6742 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6744 =item Command line switches
6750 =item Perl functions
6752 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6753 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6754 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6755 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6757 =item Perl variables
6759 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
6761 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6775 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6783 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6787 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6791 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6793 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6797 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6801 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
6803 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
6807 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6815 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6817 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6829 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6839 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6849 =item Built-in Attributes
6851 locked, method, lvalue
6853 =item Available Subroutines
6857 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6859 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6861 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6869 =item Default exports
6871 =item Available exports
6873 =item Export tags defined
6883 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6895 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6911 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6925 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6939 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6952 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6961 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6967 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6977 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6987 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6998 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
7000 =item The I<splain> Program
7014 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
7028 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
7038 =item subpragma access
7044 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
7055 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
7065 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
7075 =item Adding directories to @INC
7077 =item Deleting directories from @INC
7079 =item Restoring original @INC
7089 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
7100 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
7108 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
7110 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
7116 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
7128 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
7138 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
7140 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
7142 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
7144 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
7146 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
7148 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
7150 =item Overloadable Operations
7152 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
7153 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
7154 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
7156 =item Inheritance and overloading
7158 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
7159 is inherited by derived classes
7163 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
7171 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
7173 =item Copy Constructor
7179 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
7181 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
7182 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
7183 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
7186 =item Losing overloading
7188 =item Run-time Overloading
7190 =item Public functions
7192 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
7194 =item Overloading constants
7196 integer, float, binary, q, qr
7198 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7200 =item Metaphor clash
7206 =item Two-face scalars
7208 =item Two-face references
7210 =item Symbolic calculator
7212 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
7220 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
7221 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7227 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7237 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
7249 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
7251 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
7255 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
7259 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
7267 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
7275 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
7279 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
7289 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
7302 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
7313 =item Utility functions
7315 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
7316 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
7324 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
7334 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
7342 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
7343 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
7344 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
7345 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
7346 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
7350 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
7352 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
7354 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
7364 =item DBM Comparisons
7374 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
7384 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
7388 =item Typed lexicals
7390 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
7392 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
7394 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
7396 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
7404 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
7405 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
7406 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
7407 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>
7417 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7427 =item Subroutine Stubs
7429 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7431 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7433 =item Package Lexicals
7435 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7437 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7447 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7455 $keep, $check, $modtime
7459 =item Multiple packages
7467 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7475 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7479 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7487 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7501 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7505 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7507 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7509 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7511 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7515 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7519 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7520 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7524 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7525 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7529 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7533 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7538 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7540 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7544 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7546 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7550 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7554 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7558 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7562 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7564 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7566 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7570 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7574 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7578 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7580 redoop, nextop, lastop
7582 =item B::COP METHODS
7584 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7588 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7590 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7591 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7592 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
7593 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
7600 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7613 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7625 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7637 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7647 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7648 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7649 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7659 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7669 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7670 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7680 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7690 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7691 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7692 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7704 =item Context of ".."
7708 =item Deprecated features
7716 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7726 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7727 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7728 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7730 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7732 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7733 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7734 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7735 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7736 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7737 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7738 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7739 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7745 =item OP flags abbreviations
7747 =item OP class abbreviations
7751 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
7757 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7769 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7779 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7780 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7782 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7792 =item ambient_pragmas
7794 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
7806 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7818 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7826 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7828 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7829 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7831 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7841 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7851 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7857 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7869 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7881 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7883 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7895 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7905 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7913 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7925 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7939 =item Standard Exports
7941 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7942 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7943 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7945 =item Optional Exports
7947 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7948 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7949 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7965 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7969 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7983 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7993 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7994 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7995 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8005 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
8017 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
8019 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
8021 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
8023 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
8025 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
8027 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
8029 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
8031 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
8033 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
8035 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
8037 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
8039 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
8041 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
8043 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
8045 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
8047 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
8049 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
8051 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
8052 B<:standard>, B<:all>
8056 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
8057 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
8060 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
8062 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
8063 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
8068 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
8072 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
8074 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
8076 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
8078 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
8080 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
8082 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
8084 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
8086 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
8087 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
8089 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
8093 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
8097 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
8099 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
8101 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
8103 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
8105 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
8107 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
8108 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
8110 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
8114 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
8118 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
8120 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
8122 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
8124 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
8128 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
8130 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
8132 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
8136 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
8138 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
8142 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
8146 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
8150 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
8154 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
8158 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
8160 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
8162 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
8166 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
8170 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
8176 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
8177 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
8179 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
8181 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
8182 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
8185 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
8191 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
8195 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
8197 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
8198 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
8199 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
8200 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
8201 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
8203 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
8205 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
8210 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
8212 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
8214 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
8215 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
8217 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
8219 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8223 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
8224 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
8225 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
8226 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
8227 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
8228 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
8229 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
8230 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
8231 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
8232 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
8233 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
8234 ...and many many more..
8236 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
8244 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
8254 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8262 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
8271 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
8273 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
8277 =item Changing the default message
8281 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
8291 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
8299 =item USING CGI::Cookie
8301 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
8305 =item Creating New Cookies
8307 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
8309 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
8311 =item Manipulating Cookies
8313 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
8317 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8325 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
8333 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
8335 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
8337 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
8339 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
8343 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8351 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
8361 =item Tags that won't be formatted
8363 =item Customizing the Indenting
8375 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
8383 =item USING CGI::Push
8385 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
8389 =item Heterogeneous Pages
8391 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
8395 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
8397 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8405 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
8415 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8423 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8431 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8437 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8447 =item Interactive Mode
8449 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8450 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8451 distribution, ls author, Signals
8459 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8461 =item Programmer's interface
8463 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8465 =item Methods in the other Classes
8467 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8468 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8469 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8470 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8471 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8472 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8473 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8474 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8475 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8476 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8477 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8478 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8479 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8480 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8481 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8482 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8483 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8484 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8485 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8486 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8487 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8488 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8489 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8490 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8491 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8492 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8500 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8504 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8510 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8511 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8512 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8513 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8517 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8519 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8527 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8529 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8533 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8535 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8537 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8543 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8555 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8565 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8578 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8588 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8596 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8598 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8608 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8609 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8610 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8612 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8620 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8630 =item The C<struct()> function
8632 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8634 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8636 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8637 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8639 =item Initializing with C<new>
8645 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8647 =item Author and Modification History
8651 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8659 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8671 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8675 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
8676 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
8677 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
8682 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8683 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8687 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8688 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8689 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8690 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
8691 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
8692 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8696 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8697 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8698 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8699 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8700 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>,
8701 C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>,
8702 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
8703 C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>,
8704 C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>,
8705 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
8706 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
8707 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>,
8708 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>,
8709 C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>,
8710 C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>,
8711 C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
8712 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>,
8713 C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
8714 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>,
8715 C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>,
8716 C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
8717 C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>,
8718 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>,
8719 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
8720 C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
8721 C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
8722 C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>,
8723 C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
8724 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
8725 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
8726 C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>,
8727 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
8728 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
8729 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
8730 C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
8731 C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
8732 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
8733 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
8734 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
8735 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
8736 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>,
8737 C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>,
8738 C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>,
8739 C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>,
8740 C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>,
8741 C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>,
8742 C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
8743 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
8744 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
8745 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
8746 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
8747 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
8748 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
8749 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
8750 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
8751 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>,
8752 C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
8753 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
8754 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
8755 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
8756 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
8757 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>,
8758 C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>,
8759 C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>,
8760 C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
8761 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
8762 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
8763 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
8764 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>,
8765 C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>,
8766 C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>,
8767 C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>,
8768 C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
8769 C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>, C<db_version_patch>,
8770 C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
8771 C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8775 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8776 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8780 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8781 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
8786 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8787 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8791 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8795 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8796 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8797 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8798 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_langinfo>,
8799 C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>,
8800 C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8801 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8802 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8803 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8804 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8805 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8806 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8807 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8808 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8809 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8810 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8811 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8812 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8813 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8814 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8815 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8816 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8817 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8822 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8826 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8827 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8828 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8829 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8830 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8831 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8835 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8836 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8837 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8841 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8842 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8846 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8847 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8848 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8849 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8853 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8854 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8858 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8859 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
8863 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8864 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8865 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8866 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8870 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8874 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8875 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
8879 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8880 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8881 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8882 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8883 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8884 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8885 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8886 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8887 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8888 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8889 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8890 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8891 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8892 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8896 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
8897 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8901 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8902 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8903 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8904 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
8905 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
8906 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
8907 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
8908 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
8909 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8913 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8914 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8915 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8919 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8923 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
8935 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
8945 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8957 =item Global Variables
8959 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8960 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8965 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8966 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8968 =item Client Callback Methods
8970 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8971 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8972 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8982 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8990 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8994 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8996 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8998 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
9000 =item Default Parameters
9002 =item In Memory Databases
9010 =item A Simple Example
9018 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
9020 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
9022 =item The get_dup() Method
9024 =item The find_dup() Method
9026 =item The del_dup() Method
9028 =item Matching Partial Keys
9036 =item The 'bval' Option
9038 =item A Simple Example
9040 =item Extra RECNO Methods
9042 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
9043 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
9046 =item Another Example
9050 =item THE API INTERFACE
9052 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
9053 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
9054 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
9055 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
9059 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
9060 B<filter_fetch_value>
9066 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
9068 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
9072 =item HINTS AND TIPS
9076 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
9078 =item Safe ways to lock a database
9080 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
9082 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
9084 =item The untie() Gotcha
9088 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
9092 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
9094 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
9096 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
9098 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
9118 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
9119 printing and C<eval>
9131 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
9132 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
9133 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
9140 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
9142 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9143 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9144 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9145 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9146 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9147 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9148 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9149 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9150 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9151 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9152 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9153 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
9173 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
9181 =item PROFILE FORMAT
9193 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
9203 =item Memory footprint debugging
9211 =item A simple scalar string
9213 =item A simple scalar number
9215 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
9217 =item A reference to a simple scalar
9219 =item A reference to an array
9221 =item A reference to a hash
9223 =item Dumping a large array or hash
9225 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
9227 =item A reference to a subroutine
9241 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
9251 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
9259 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
9263 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
9264 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
9265 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9273 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9283 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9287 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
9288 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9300 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
9312 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
9324 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
9325 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
9326 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
9331 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
9332 veryCompact, set, get
9338 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9346 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
9347 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
9348 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
9349 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
9356 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
9369 =head2 Encode - character encodings
9387 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
9389 =item Types of Encodings
9391 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
9392 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
9394 =item Specifying Encodings
9396 1. By name, 2. As an object
9398 =item Encoding Names
9400 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
9401 The name used by the the organization that defined it
9405 =item PERL ENCODING API
9409 =item Generic Encoding Interface
9411 =item Handling Malformed Data
9413 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
9417 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
9419 =item Listing available encodings
9421 =item Defining Aliases
9423 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
9426 =item Defining Encodings
9430 =item Encoding and IO
9432 =item Encoding How to ...
9434 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
9435 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
9437 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
9439 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
9441 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
9443 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
9444 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9448 =item Compiled Encodings
9450 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9451 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9459 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9460 of the Encode extension
9466 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9474 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9476 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9482 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9490 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9503 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9518 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9534 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9546 =item Selecting What To Export
9548 =item Specialised Import Lists
9550 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9552 =item Module Version Checking
9554 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9556 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9562 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9572 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9593 mv source... destination
9595 cp source... destination
9613 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
9623 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, PVN, YES, NO, UNDEF
9633 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
9635 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
9639 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
9645 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
9648 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9650 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
9652 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
9653 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9661 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
9673 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
9674 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
9684 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
9694 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
9706 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
9707 packlist(), version()
9715 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
9723 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
9729 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
9739 =item VMS implementation
9741 =item Win32 implementation
9749 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9758 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9762 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9789 test_via_harness (o)
9791 tool_autosplit (override)
9809 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9824 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9836 =item Preloaded methods
9856 =item SelfLoaded methods
9902 file_name_is_absolute
9908 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9948 maybe_command_in_dirs
9986 replace_manpage_separator
10000 test_via_harness (o)
10002 test_via_script (o)
10032 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10033 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10043 =item Methods always loaded
10055 =item SelfLoaded methods
10057 guess_name (override)
10061 find_perl (override)
10065 maybe_command (override)
10067 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
10069 perl_script (override)
10071 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10073 replace_manpage_separator
10075 init_others (override)
10077 constants (override)
10081 const_cccmd (override)
10083 pm_to_blib (override)
10085 tool_autosplit (override)
10087 tool_sxubpp (override)
10089 xsubpp_version (override)
10091 tools_other (override)
10101 top_targets (override)
10105 dynamic_lib (override)
10107 dynamic_bs (override)
10109 static_lib (override)
10111 manifypods (override)
10113 processPL (override)
10115 installbin (override)
10117 subdir_x (override)
10121 realclean (override)
10123 dist_basics (override)
10125 dist_core (override)
10127 dist_dir (override)
10129 dist_test (override)
10133 perldepend (override)
10135 makefile (override)
10139 test_via_harness (override)
10141 test_via_script (override)
10143 makeaperl (override)
10145 nicetext (override)
10147 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10148 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10174 test_via_harness (o)
10176 tool_autosplit (override)
10194 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
10204 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
10206 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
10214 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
10218 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
10220 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
10222 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
10224 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
10226 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
10227 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
10228 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
10229 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
10230 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
10231 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
10232 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
10233 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
10234 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
10235 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
10236 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
10237 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
10238 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
10239 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
10240 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
10242 =item Additional lowercase attributes
10244 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
10247 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
10249 =item Hintsfile support
10251 =item Distribution Support
10253 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
10254 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
10255 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
10257 =item Disabling an extension
10271 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
10279 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
10283 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
10287 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
10288 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
10292 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
10300 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
10312 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
10322 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
10331 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
10339 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
10351 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
10359 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
10369 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
10381 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
10391 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
10395 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
10403 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
10407 C<basename>, C<dirname>
10411 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
10421 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
10435 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
10445 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
10447 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
10459 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
10467 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
10479 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
10487 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
10488 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
10489 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
10499 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
10507 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
10508 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
10509 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
10513 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
10521 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
10533 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
10547 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
10581 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10599 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
10627 file_name_is_absolute
10647 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
10657 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
10689 file_name_is_absolute
10711 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
10727 =item Methods always loaded
10729 canonpath (override)
10747 case_tolerant (override)
10751 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10753 splitpath (override)
10755 splitdir (override)
10769 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
10799 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10823 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10837 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10847 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10855 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10863 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10865 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10877 =item Temporary files and NFS
10889 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10903 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10915 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10923 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10929 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10943 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
10945 =item All-in-one interface
10957 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10967 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10971 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10973 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10981 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10983 =item Example 2: Using the context
10985 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10987 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10991 =item Filter::Simple
10999 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
11007 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
11017 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
11033 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
11041 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
11043 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
11047 =item Simple options
11049 =item A little bit less simple options
11051 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
11053 =item Options with values
11055 =item Options with multiple values
11057 =item Options with hash values
11059 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
11061 =item Options with multiple names
11063 =item Case and abbreviations
11065 =item Summary of Option Specifications
11067 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
11071 =item Advanced Possibilities
11075 =item Object oriented interface
11077 =item Documentation and help texts
11079 =item Storing options in a hash
11083 =item The lonesome dash
11085 =item Argument call-back
11089 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
11091 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
11092 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
11093 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
11094 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
11095 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
11097 =item Return values and Errors
11103 =item Default destinations
11105 =item Alternative option starters
11107 =item Configuration variables
11111 =item Trouble Shooting
11115 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
11117 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
11124 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11128 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
11139 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
11150 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
11161 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
11163 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
11165 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11167 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11169 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
11171 the function super_languages($lang1)
11173 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
11175 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
11177 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
11179 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
11183 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
11185 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
11195 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
11203 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
11205 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
11207 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
11208 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
11209 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
11210 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
11211 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
11212 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
11213 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
11214 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
11215 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
11216 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
11217 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
11218 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
11219 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
11220 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
11221 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
11222 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
11223 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
11224 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
11225 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
11226 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
11227 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
11228 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
11229 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
11230 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
11231 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
11232 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
11233 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
11234 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
11235 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
11236 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
11237 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
11238 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
11239 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
11240 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
11241 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
11242 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
11243 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
11244 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
11245 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
11246 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
11247 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
11248 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
11249 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
11250 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
11251 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
11252 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
11253 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
11254 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
11255 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
11256 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
11257 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
11258 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
11259 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
11260 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
11261 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
11262 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
11263 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
11264 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
11265 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
11266 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
11267 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
11268 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
11269 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
11270 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
11271 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
11272 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
11273 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
11274 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
11275 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
11276 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
11277 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
11278 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
11279 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
11280 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
11281 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
11282 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
11283 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
11284 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
11285 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
11286 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
11287 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
11288 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
11289 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
11290 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
11291 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
11292 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
11293 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
11294 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
11295 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
11296 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
11297 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
11298 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
11299 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
11300 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
11301 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
11302 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
11303 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
11304 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
11305 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
11306 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
11307 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
11308 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
11309 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
11310 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
11311 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
11312 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
11313 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
11314 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
11315 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
11316 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
11317 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
11318 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
11319 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
11320 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
11321 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
11322 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
11323 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
11324 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
11325 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
11329 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11335 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
11345 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
11353 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11354 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11364 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11374 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11378 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11386 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
11396 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11400 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11401 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11402 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11403 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11415 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11425 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11429 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11439 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11449 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11450 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11460 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
11468 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11469 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11478 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
11488 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11492 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11493 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11494 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11504 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
11518 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11519 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11529 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
11545 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11558 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
11572 hostpath(), peerpath()
11582 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
11591 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11592 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11602 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11612 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11616 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11624 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
11635 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11639 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11640 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11641 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11642 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11654 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11664 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11668 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11678 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11688 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11689 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11699 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
11708 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11709 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11718 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
11729 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11733 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11734 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11735 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11745 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
11760 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11761 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11771 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
11772 AF_INET domain sockets
11788 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11801 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
11802 AF_UNIX domain sockets
11816 hostpath(), peerpath()
11826 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11836 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11837 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11848 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
11862 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
11875 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
11885 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11886 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11887 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11898 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
11916 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11926 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11927 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11938 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
11949 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11950 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11951 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11962 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
11970 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11971 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11973 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11979 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
11980 general-utility list subroutines
11988 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11989 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11991 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11997 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
11998 general-utility scalar subroutines
12006 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
12007 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
12015 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
12023 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12027 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
12035 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
12047 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
12053 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12055 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
12056 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
12062 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12064 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
12070 =item CODE ALIASING
12080 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12084 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
12085 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
12086 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
12087 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
12095 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
12096 identification (ISO 4217)
12114 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12116 code2currency(), currency2code()
12122 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12124 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
12132 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12136 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
12144 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
12161 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12163 code2language(), language2code()
12169 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12171 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
12179 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12183 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
12184 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
12192 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
12200 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12206 =item Construction Methods
12208 =item The "maketext" Method
12210 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
12212 =item Utility Methods
12214 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
12215 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
12216 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
12217 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
12219 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
12223 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
12225 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
12227 =item BRACKET NOTATION
12229 =item AUTO LEXICONS
12231 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
12233 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
12237 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12243 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
12251 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
12255 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
12257 =item The Linguistic View
12259 =item Breaking gettext
12261 =item Replacing gettext
12263 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
12265 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
12267 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
12269 =item Buzzword: Concision
12271 =item The Devil in the Details
12273 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
12281 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
12289 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
12293 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
12301 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
12302 of quoted-printable strings
12310 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12316 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
12325 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12331 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
12341 =item Canonical notation
12345 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
12347 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
12351 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
12352 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
12358 use Math::BigFloat qw(bstr bint);
12360 $x = bstr("1234") # string "1234"
12361 $x = "$x"; # same as bstr()
12362 $x = bneg("1234") # BigFloat "-1234"
12363 $x = Math::BigFloat->bneg("1234"); # BigFloat "1234"
12364 $x = Math::BigFloat->babs("-12345"); # BigFloat "12345"
12365 $x = Math::BigFloat->bnorm("-0 00"); # BigFloat "0"
12366 $x = bint(1) + bint(2); # BigFloat "3"
12367 $x = bint(1) + "2"; # ditto (auto-BigFloatify of "2")
12368 $x = bint(1); # BigFloat "1"
12369 $x = $x + 5 / 2; # BigFloat "3"
12370 $x = $x ** 3; # BigFloat "27"
12371 $x *= 2; # BigFloat "54"
12372 $x = new Math::BigFloat; # BigFloat "0"
12373 $x--; # BigFloat "-1"
12375 =item Autocreating constants
12383 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
12391 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
12399 Canonical notation, Input, Output
12405 bfround ( +$scale ), bround ( +$scale ), bround ( -$scale )
12409 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
12413 =item Autocreating constants
12419 :constant and eval()
12423 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow,
12424 Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt()
12432 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
12445 =item STRINGIFICATION
12449 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
12455 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
12457 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
12465 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
12473 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
12479 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
12481 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
12485 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12487 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
12491 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
12493 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12495 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
12496 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
12500 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
12506 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
12516 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
12534 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
12536 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
12540 =item OTHER FACILITIES
12546 =item C<flush_cache>
12552 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
12554 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
12562 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
12568 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
12577 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
12588 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
12600 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12608 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12616 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
12625 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
12634 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
12651 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
12659 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
12667 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12673 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12677 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12681 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
12691 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
12697 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
12707 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
12710 =item CLASS METHODS
12712 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
12713 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
12714 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
12724 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
12734 requires_firewall HOST
12736 =item NetConfig VALUES
12738 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
12739 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_ext_passive, ftp_int_pasive,
12740 local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
12744 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
12753 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
12761 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
12773 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
12777 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
12778 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
12779 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
12780 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), rmdir ( DIR ), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE
12781 ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [,
12782 WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [,
12783 REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (),
12784 mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash (
12785 [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [
12786 DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port (
12787 [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
12788 pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait (
12789 NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
12793 =item Methods for the adventurous
12799 =item THE dataconn CLASS
12801 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
12804 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
12806 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
12808 =item REPORTING BUGS
12820 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
12830 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
12834 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
12835 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
12836 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
12837 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
12838 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
12843 =item Extension methods
12845 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
12846 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
12847 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
12848 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
12857 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
12867 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
12879 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
12883 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
12884 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
12885 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
12886 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
12898 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
12906 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
12912 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
12913 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
12921 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
12933 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
12937 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), mail ( ADDRESS [,
12938 OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail (
12939 ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ),
12940 to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ),
12941 verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
12951 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
12959 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
12960 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
12968 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
12985 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
12993 =item Where to get this document
12995 =item How to contribute to this document
12999 =item Author and Copyright Information
13007 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
13011 =item What is libnet ?
13013 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
13015 =item What other modules do I need ?
13017 =item What machines support libnet ?
13019 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
13023 =item Using Net::FTP
13027 =item How do I download files from a FTP server ?
13029 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
13031 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
13033 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
13036 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
13038 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
13040 =item How do I get a directory listing from a FTP server ?
13042 =item Changeing directory to "" does not fail ?
13044 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
13046 =item I am behind a FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
13049 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
13051 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
13054 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
13057 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
13061 =item Using Net::SMTP
13065 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
13068 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
13070 =item The verify method always returns true ?
13074 =item Debugging scripts
13078 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
13082 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
13086 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
13103 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
13118 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
13135 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
13143 =item THE .netrc FILE
13145 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
13150 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
13154 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
13164 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
13174 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13180 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
13188 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13194 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13198 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13202 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
13214 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
13216 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
13217 or optag, an operator set (opset)
13219 =item Opcode Functions
13221 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
13222 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
13223 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
13226 =item Manipulating Opsets
13228 =item TO DO (maybe)
13234 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
13236 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
13237 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
13238 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
13247 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
13256 a new namespace, an operator mask
13262 =item RECENT CHANGES
13264 =item Methods in class Safe
13266 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13267 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13268 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13269 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13271 =item Some Safety Issues
13273 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13281 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
13294 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
13308 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
13309 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
13310 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
13311 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
13312 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
13313 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
13314 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
13315 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
13316 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
13317 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
13318 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
13319 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
13320 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
13321 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
13322 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
13323 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
13324 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
13325 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
13326 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
13327 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
13328 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
13329 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
13330 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
13331 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
13332 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
13339 =item POSIX::SigAction
13343 =item POSIX::SigSet
13345 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
13347 =item POSIX::Termios
13349 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
13350 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
13351 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
13352 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
13353 values, c_oflag field values
13357 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
13361 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
13365 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
13423 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
13432 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
13436 =item Defaults and how to override them
13446 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
13456 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
13464 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
13465 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
13466 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
13467 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
13468 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
13469 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
13470 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
13474 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
13480 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
13486 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
13498 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
13499 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
13500 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
13501 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
13502 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
13503 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
13504 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
13505 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
13510 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
13511 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
13512 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
13513 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
13514 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
13515 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
13519 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
13520 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
13532 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
13534 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
13537 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
13539 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
13541 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
13543 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
13545 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
13553 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
13565 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
13567 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
13574 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
13580 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
13582 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
13589 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
13601 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
13611 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
13612 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
13627 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
13640 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
13641 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
13647 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
13671 =item B<was_cutting()>
13677 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
13683 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
13689 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13695 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
13701 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13707 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
13713 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
13719 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13725 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13731 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
13737 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
13743 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13749 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
13755 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
13761 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
13767 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13773 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
13779 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
13785 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13791 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13797 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
13803 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
13809 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
13815 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
13821 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
13827 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
13833 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
13839 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13845 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
13857 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
13869 =item OBJECT METHODS
13877 =item Data Accessors
13893 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
13895 B<StartWithNewPage>
13909 =item Subclassed methods
13923 B<interior_sequence>
13939 =item Methods for headings
13947 =item Internal methods
13953 B<_replace_special_chars>
13959 B<_clean_latex_commands>
13975 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
13983 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
13988 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
13989 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
13990 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
13991 line %d, Unmatched =back
14001 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
14015 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
14023 $list-E<gt>indent()
14031 $list-E<gt>parent()
14037 =item Pod::Hyperlink
14039 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
14043 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
14045 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
14049 $link-E<gt>warning()
14051 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
14057 $link-E<gt>alttext()
14067 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
14073 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
14077 =item Pod::Cache::Item
14079 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
14083 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
14085 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
14087 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
14089 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
14091 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
14093 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
14095 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
14105 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
14117 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14119 =item PARSING OPTIONS
14121 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
14122 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
14128 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14136 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14142 =item B<verbatim()>
14144 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14150 =item B<textblock()>
14152 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14158 =item B<interior_sequence()>
14164 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14176 =item B<initialize()>
14182 =item B<begin_pod()>
14188 =item B<begin_input()>
14194 =item B<end_input()>
14206 =item B<preprocess_line()>
14212 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
14218 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
14224 =item B<parse_text()>
14226 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
14227 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
14228 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
14234 =item B<interpolate()>
14240 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
14246 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
14252 =item B<parse_from_file()>
14258 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
14264 =item B<errorsub()>
14276 =item B<parseopts()>
14282 =item B<output_file()>
14288 =item B<output_handle()>
14294 =item B<input_file()>
14300 =item B<input_handle()>
14306 =item B<input_streams()>
14312 =item B<top_stream()>
14318 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14324 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
14330 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
14336 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
14344 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
14364 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
14377 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
14379 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
14385 =item OBJECT METHODS
14391 =item B<curr_headings()>
14403 =item B<add_selection()>
14409 =item B<clear_selections()>
14415 =item B<match_section()>
14421 =item B<is_selected()>
14427 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
14433 =item B<podselect()>
14435 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
14441 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14447 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
14453 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
14459 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
14471 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
14479 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
14483 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
14484 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
14485 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
14497 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
14513 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
14530 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
14531 text with format escapes
14545 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
14554 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
14563 =item Recommended Use
14571 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
14575 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
14583 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14589 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14593 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14597 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
14605 a new namespace, an operator mask
14611 =item RECENT CHANGES
14613 =item Methods in class Safe
14615 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14616 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14617 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14618 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14620 =item Some Safety Issues
14622 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14630 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
14638 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
14639 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14647 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
14657 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
14667 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
14677 =item The __DATA__ token
14679 =item SelfLoader autoloading
14681 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
14683 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
14685 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
14687 =item Classes and inherited methods.
14691 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
14695 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
14705 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
14713 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
14714 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
14722 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
14723 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
14724 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
14725 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
14726 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
14730 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
14740 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
14744 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
14746 =item ERROR REPORTING
14754 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
14759 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
14760 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
14784 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
14798 =item Allowing fall-through
14800 =item Automating fall-through
14802 =item Higher-order Operations
14816 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
14826 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
14838 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
14839 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
14847 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
14848 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
14859 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
14860 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
14868 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
14869 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
14880 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
14890 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
14891 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
14902 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
14914 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
14922 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
14932 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
14933 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
14941 =item Minimal set of supported functions
14943 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
14944 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
14946 =item Additional supported functions
14948 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
14958 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
14984 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
14988 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
14998 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
15008 =item The test script output
15010 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
15011 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
15012 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
15016 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
15039 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
15040 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
15041 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
15042 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
15046 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
15047 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
15062 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
15072 =item I love it when a plan comes together
15076 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
15094 B<use_ok>, B<require_ok>
15100 =item Conditional tests
15102 B<skip> * UNIMPLEMENTED *
15106 B<todo> * UNIMPLEMENTED *
15110 =item Comparision functions
15122 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15132 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
15162 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Pod::Tests>, L<SelfTest>,
15167 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
15179 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
15189 =item General behaviour in list contexts
15193 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
15195 =item A note about prefixes
15197 =item C<extract_delimited>
15199 =item C<extract_bracketed>
15201 =item C<extract_tagged>
15203 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
15204 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
15206 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
15208 =item C<extract_quotelike>
15210 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
15212 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
15214 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
15216 =item C<extract_codeblock>
15218 =item C<extract_multiple>
15220 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
15226 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
15227 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
15228 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
15229 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
15230 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
15231 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
15232 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
15233 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
15234 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
15235 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
15236 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
15237 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
15242 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15248 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
15263 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
15280 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
15295 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
15309 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
15322 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
15323 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
15324 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
15328 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
15336 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
15344 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15346 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
15352 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
15360 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15362 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
15366 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
15378 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
15388 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
15396 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
15397 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
15398 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
15399 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
15407 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
15416 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
15417 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
15418 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
15419 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
15421 =item MORE INFORMATION
15423 =item COMPATIBILITY
15427 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
15435 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
15436 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
15440 =item MORE INFORMATION
15444 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
15462 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
15471 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
15473 =item MORE INFORMATION
15477 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
15489 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday
15497 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
15498 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
15499 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
15500 getitimer ( $which )
15516 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
15524 =item IMPLEMENTATION
15530 =head2 Time::Piece - Object Oriented time objects
15542 =item Local Locales
15544 =item Date Calculations
15546 =item Date Comparisons
15548 =item YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
15552 =item strftime method
15554 %%, %a, %A, %b, %B, %c, %C, %d, %D, %e, %h, %H, %I, %j, %m, %M, %n, %p, %r,
15555 %R, %S, %t, %T, %u, %U, %V, %w, %W, %x, %y, %Y, %Z
15557 =item strptime function
15559 =item Global Overriding
15577 =head2 Time::Piece::Seconds, Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert
15578 seconds to other date values
15596 =head2 Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert seconds to other date values
15614 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
15629 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
15644 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
15656 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
15664 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
15665 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
15669 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
15699 =item charblock versus charscript
15705 =item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
15711 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
15726 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
15737 =item System Specifics
15751 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
15759 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
15761 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
15762 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
15763 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
15764 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
15765 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
15766 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
15767 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
15768 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
15769 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
15770 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
15771 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
15772 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
15773 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
15774 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
15775 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
15776 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
15782 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
15800 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
15812 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
15814 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
15815 don't all have manual pages yet:
15841 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles