4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
21 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
22 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
23 Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
24 implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
25 expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
41 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/04/24
46 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
47 About Perl, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L<perlfaq3>:
48 Programming Tools, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, L<perlfaq5>: Files and
49 Formats, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues,
50 L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, L<perlfaq9>: Networking
54 =item Where to get this document
56 =item How to contribute to this document
58 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
65 =item Author and Copyright Information
69 =item Noncommercial Reproduction
71 =item Commercial Reproduction
79 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
80 Initial Release: 11/March/97
82 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
83 1997/04/24 22:43:34 $)
91 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
93 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
95 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
97 =item How stable is Perl?
99 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
101 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
104 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
106 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
108 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
110 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
112 =item What is a JAPH?
114 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
116 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
117 (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
121 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
123 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.16 $,
124 $Date: 1997/04/23 18:04:09 $)
130 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
132 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
134 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
136 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
139 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
140 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
142 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
143 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
145 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
147 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
149 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
151 =item Where should I post source code?
155 =item Perl in Magazines
157 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
159 =item What mailing lists are there for perl?
161 MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
163 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
167 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
169 =item Where do I send bug reports?
171 =item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
173 =item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
177 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
179 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
186 =item How do I do (anything)?
188 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
190 =item Is there a Perl shell?
192 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
194 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
196 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
198 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
200 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
202 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
204 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
206 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
208 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
210 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
212 =item Can I dynamically load C routines into Perl?
214 =item What is undump?
216 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
218 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
220 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
222 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
224 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
226 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
228 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
230 =item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
232 =item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
234 =item Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
236 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
238 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
240 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
242 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
243 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
245 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
248 =item What's MakeMaker?
252 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
254 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
263 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
264 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
266 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
268 =item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()?
271 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
273 =item How do I multiply matrices?
275 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
277 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
279 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
287 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
289 =item How can I compare two date strings?
291 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
293 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
295 =item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
303 =item How do I validate input?
305 =item How do I unescape a string?
307 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
309 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
311 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
313 =item How do I reverse a string?
315 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
317 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
319 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
321 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
323 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
326 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
328 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
329 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
331 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
333 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
335 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
337 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
339 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
341 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
343 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
344 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
353 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
355 =item How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
357 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:, b) If you don't know
358 whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:,
359 d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in
360 contains only small positive integers:
362 =item How can I tell whether an array contains a certain element?
364 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
365 intersection of two arrays?
367 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
369 =item How do I handle linked lists?
371 =item How do I handle circular lists?
373 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
375 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
377 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
379 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
381 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
383 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
385 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
389 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
393 =item How do I process an entire hash?
395 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
398 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
400 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
402 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
404 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
406 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
408 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
410 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
412 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
414 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
416 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
418 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
421 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
422 array of hashes or arrays?
424 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
432 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
434 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
436 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
438 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
440 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
442 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
446 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
448 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
455 =item How do I flush/unbuffer a filehandle? Why must I do this?
457 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
458 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
460 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
462 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
464 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
466 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
467 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
469 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
471 =item How can I write() into a string?
473 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
475 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
477 =item How come when I open the file read-write it wipes it out?
479 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
481 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
483 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
485 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
487 =item How can I lock a file?
489 =item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
491 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
492 the file. How can I do this?
494 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
496 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
498 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
500 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
502 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
504 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
506 =item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
508 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
510 =item How do I create a file only if it doesn't exist?
512 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
514 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
516 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
518 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
519 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
521 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
523 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
524 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
526 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
530 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
532 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:10 $)
538 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
539 and unmaintainable code?
541 Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
544 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
546 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
549 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
551 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
554 =item How can I make C<\w> match accented characters?
556 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
558 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
560 =item What is C</o> really for?
562 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
565 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
567 =item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
569 =item How do I process each word on each line?
571 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
573 =item How can I do approximate matching?
575 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
577 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
579 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
581 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
583 =item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
585 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
587 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
591 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
593 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date:
594 1997/04/24 22:44:14 $)
600 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
602 =item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
605 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
608 =item How do I skip some return values?
610 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
612 =item What's an extension?
614 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
616 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
618 =item How do I create a module?
620 =item How do I create a class?
622 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
624 =item What's a closure?
626 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
628 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
631 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps,
634 =item How do I create a static variable?
636 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
637 Between local() and my()?
639 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
642 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
644 =item Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
646 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
648 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
650 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
652 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
654 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
656 =item How can I find out my current package?
658 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
662 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
664 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
671 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
673 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
675 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
677 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
679 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
681 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
683 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
685 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
687 =item How do I start a process in the background?
689 STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
691 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
693 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
695 =item How do I set the time and date?
697 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
699 =item How can I measure time under a second?
701 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
703 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
704 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
706 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
708 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
710 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
712 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
714 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
716 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
718 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
720 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
722 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
724 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
727 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
729 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
731 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
733 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
736 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
737 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
738 changes to be visible?
742 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
745 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
747 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
749 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
751 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
753 =item How do I set CPU limits?
755 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
757 =item How do I use an SQL database?
759 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
761 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
763 =item How do I install a CPAN module?
765 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
767 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
770 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
774 =item How do I get one key from the terminal at a time, under POSIX?
776 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
782 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
785 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
787 =item How do I extract URLs?
789 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
790 file on another machine?
792 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
794 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
796 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
798 =item How do I redirect to another page?
800 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
802 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
804 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
805 CGI script to do bad things?
807 =item How do I parse an email header?
809 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
811 =item How do I check a valid email address?
813 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
815 =item How do I return the user's email address?
817 =item How do I send/read mail?
819 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
821 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
823 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
825 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
829 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
831 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 1997/04/23 18:12:06
838 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
841 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
843 =item How do I extract URLs?
845 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
846 file on another machine?
848 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
850 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
852 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
854 =item How do I redirect to another page?
856 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
858 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
860 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
861 CGI script to do bad things?
863 =item How do I parse an email header?
865 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
867 =item How do I check a valid email address?
869 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
871 =item How do I return the user's email address?
873 =item How do I send/read mail?
875 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
877 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
879 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
881 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
885 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
887 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
891 =item Supported Environments
897 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
899 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
901 =item Limitations on B<-M>, and C<-m>, and B<-T> options
903 =item More precise warnings
905 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
907 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
909 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
911 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
913 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
915 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
917 =item Changes to tainting checks
919 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
921 =item Embedding improvements
923 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
925 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
927 =item New and changed syntax
931 =item New and changed builtin constants
935 =item New and changed builtin variables
939 =item New and changed builtin functions
941 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
942 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
943 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//g> does not
944 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
945 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
947 =item New builtin methods
949 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
951 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
953 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
954 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
956 =item Malloc enhancements
958 -DDEBUGGING_MSTATS, -DEMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
960 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
966 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
967 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
973 =item Required Updates
975 =item Installation directories
977 =item Module information summary
991 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
995 =item Utility Changes
1001 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
1005 =item C Language API Changes
1007 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
1010 =item Documentation Changes
1012 L<perldelta>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, L<perldebug>,
1015 =item New Diagnostics
1017 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
1018 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
1019 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
1020 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
1021 Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot
1022 resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine
1023 %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return
1024 a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long,
1025 Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s,
1026 Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal
1027 error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type in pack:
1028 '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible
1029 typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out
1030 of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put
1031 comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas,
1032 Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving
1033 method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for "B<-T>" option,
1034 untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
1035 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
1036 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
1037 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
1038 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
1039 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
1040 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
1048 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1054 =item Variable names
1060 =item Scalar value constructors
1062 =item List value constructors
1064 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1068 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1076 =item Simple statements
1078 =item Compound statements
1086 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1090 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1092 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1096 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1104 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1106 =item The Arrow Operator
1108 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1110 =item Exponentiation
1112 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1114 =item Binding Operators
1116 =item Multiplicative Operators
1118 =item Additive Operators
1120 =item Shift Operators
1122 =item Named Unary Operators
1124 =item Relational Operators
1126 =item Equality Operators
1130 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1132 =item C-style Logical And
1134 =item C-style Logical Or
1136 =item Range Operator
1138 =item Conditional Operator
1140 =item Assignment Operators
1142 =item Comma Operator
1144 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1150 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
1152 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1154 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1156 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1158 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1160 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1161 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1162 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1163 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
1167 =item Constant Folding
1169 =item Integer Arithmetic
1171 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1175 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1183 =item Regular Expressions
1185 (?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
1189 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1191 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
1195 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1203 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1205 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
1209 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
1210 B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1211 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1212 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1213 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1214 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
1220 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB,
1221 PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1223 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1227 I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
1231 =item Perl Functions by Category
1233 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1234 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1235 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1236 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1237 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1238 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1239 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1240 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1241 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1242 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1245 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1247 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1248 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1249 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1250 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1251 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1252 close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
1253 cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE,
1254 defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
1255 SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (),
1256 eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR,
1257 exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
1258 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
1259 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
1260 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
1261 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
1262 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
1263 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
1264 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
1265 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
1266 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
1267 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
1268 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
1269 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
1270 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
1271 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst
1272 EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
1273 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log EXPR, log, lstat
1274 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir
1275 FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS,
1276 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST,
1277 oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1278 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, pipe
1279 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
1280 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
1281 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
1282 qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
1283 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir
1284 DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo
1285 LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require,
1286 reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
1287 rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
1288 scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
1289 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
1290 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1291 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1292 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1293 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1294 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1295 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1296 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1297 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1298 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1299 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1300 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1301 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET,
1302 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
1303 sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1304 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1305 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, syswrite
1306 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell
1307 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
1308 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
1309 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
1310 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
1311 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST,
1312 use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1313 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1317 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1323 =item Predefined Names
1325 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1326 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
1327 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1328 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
1329 $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1330 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
1331 $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1332 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1333 format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1334 format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
1335 EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1336 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1337 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1338 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1339 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1340 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1341 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1342 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME,
1343 $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
1344 $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}, $^M
1348 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1356 =item Private Variables via my()
1358 =item Temporary Values via local()
1360 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1362 =item Pass by Reference
1366 =item Constant Functions
1368 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
1376 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
1386 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1396 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
1400 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1404 =item Pragmatic Modules
1406 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics, integer, less,
1407 lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap, strict, subs, vmsish, vars
1409 =item Standard Modules
1411 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
1412 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
1413 DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
1414 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
1415 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
1416 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fcntl,
1417 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find,
1418 File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
1419 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle,
1420 IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
1421 Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File,
1422 Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode,
1423 Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader,
1424 Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap,
1425 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
1426 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash,
1427 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
1428 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
1430 =item Extension Modules
1436 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1437 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1438 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1439 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1440 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1441 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1442 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1443 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1444 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1445 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1446 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1447 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1448 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
1451 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1455 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1457 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1458 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1459 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1460 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1461 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1462 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1463 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1464 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1465 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1466 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1467 care when changing a released module
1469 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1471 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
1472 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
1473 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
1474 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
1476 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1478 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
1479 applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
1480 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
1481 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
1482 can then be reduced to a small
1488 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1494 =item Format Variables
1504 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1510 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1515 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1521 =item The use locale pragma
1523 =item The setlocale function
1525 =item The localeconv function
1529 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1533 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1535 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1537 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1539 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1543 =item Other categories
1549 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
1550 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
1551 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
1552 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
1553 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
1554 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
1555 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
1556 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
1557 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
1562 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
1569 =item Backward compatibility
1571 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1573 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1575 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1577 =item Freely available locale definitions
1581 =item An imperfect standard
1589 =item Broken systems
1597 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1603 =item Symbolic references
1605 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1613 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
1617 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
1618 more elaborate constructs
1622 =item COMMON MISTAKES
1624 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
1626 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
1632 =item LISTS OF LISTS
1636 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
1638 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
1640 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
1644 =item HASHES OF LISTS
1648 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
1650 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
1652 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
1656 =item LISTS OF HASHES
1660 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
1662 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
1664 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
1668 =item HASHES OF HASHES
1672 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
1674 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
1676 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
1680 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1684 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1686 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1688 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1698 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
1702 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
1704 =item Growing Your Own
1706 =item Access and Printing
1714 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1718 =item Creating a Class
1722 =item Object Representation
1724 =item Class Interface
1726 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1728 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1732 =item Other Object Methods
1740 =item Accessing Class Data
1742 =item Debugging Methods
1744 =item Class Destructors
1746 =item Documenting the Interface
1756 =item Overridden Methods
1758 =item Multiple Inheritance
1760 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1764 =item Alternate Object Representations
1768 =item Arrays as Objects
1770 =item Closures as Objects
1774 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1778 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1780 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1784 =item Metaclassical Tools
1790 =item Data Members as Variables
1794 =item Object Terminology
1804 =item Acknowledgments
1808 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1814 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1816 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1818 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1820 =item Method Invocation
1822 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1824 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1832 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1838 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1848 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
1852 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1857 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1858 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1859 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
1861 =item Tying FileHandles
1863 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
1864 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
1866 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1876 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1880 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1882 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1884 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1886 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1888 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1890 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1892 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1894 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1896 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1898 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1902 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1903 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1911 =item Using open() for IPC
1917 =item Background Processes
1919 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1921 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1923 =item Bidirectional Communication
1927 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1931 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1933 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1935 =item UDP: Message Passing
1951 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1955 =item The Perl Debugger
1959 =item Debugger Commands
1961 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1962 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
1963 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
1964 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1965 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1966 command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C<recallCommand>,
1967 C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>,
1968 C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
1969 C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>,
1970 C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<quote>,
1971 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
1972 C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command, E<gt> command,
1973 E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, !
1974 pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, = [alias value],
1975 command, m expr, m package
1977 =item Debugger input/output
1979 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
1981 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1983 =item Debugger Customization
1985 =item Readline Support
1987 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1989 =item The Perl Profiler
1991 =item Debugger support in perl
1993 =item Debugger Internals
1995 =item Other resources
2001 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2005 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2011 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2013 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2015 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2019 =item Protecting Your Programs
2023 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
2039 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
2041 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
2042 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
2043 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
2044 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
2046 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
2048 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
2049 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
2050 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
2054 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
2056 =item Numerical Traps
2058 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
2060 =item General data type traps
2062 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
2063 (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
2065 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
2067 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
2069 =item Precedence Traps
2071 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
2074 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
2076 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
2077 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
2078 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
2080 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
2082 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
2088 =item Interpolation Traps
2090 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
2091 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2097 =item Unclassified Traps
2103 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
2107 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
2111 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2113 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
2119 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
2123 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2131 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
2132 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
2136 =item Compiling your C program
2138 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2140 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2142 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2144 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
2146 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2148 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2150 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2152 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2163 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2169 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
2170 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
2171 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
2172 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
2173 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(s,f)>,
2174 B<PerlIO_putc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
2175 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
2176 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
2177 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
2178 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
2182 =item Co-existence with stdio
2184 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
2185 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
2186 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
2187 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
2188 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
2189 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
2193 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2203 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
2205 =item The Argument Stack
2207 =item The RETVAL Variable
2209 =item The MODULE Keyword
2211 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
2213 =item The PREFIX Keyword
2215 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
2217 =item The CODE: Keyword
2219 =item The INIT: Keyword
2221 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
2223 =item Initializing Function Parameters
2225 =item Default Parameter Values
2227 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
2229 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
2231 =item The INPUT: Keyword
2233 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
2235 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
2237 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
2239 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
2241 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
2243 =item The BOOT: Keyword
2245 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
2247 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
2249 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
2251 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
2253 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
2255 =item The CASE: Keyword
2257 =item The & Unary Operator
2259 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
2261 =item Using XS With C++
2263 =item Interface Strategy
2265 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
2277 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
2283 =item VERSION CAVEAT
2285 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
2291 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
2293 =item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
2297 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
2299 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
2301 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
2303 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
2309 =item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
2311 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
2313 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
2315 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
2317 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
2319 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
2329 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
2339 =item What is an "IV"?
2341 =item Working with SVs
2343 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
2345 =item Working with AVs
2347 =item Working with HVs
2349 =item Hash API Extensions
2353 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
2355 =item Creating New Variables
2357 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
2359 =item Stashes and Globs
2361 =item Double-Typed SVs
2363 =item Magic Variables
2365 =item Assigning Magic
2367 =item Magic Virtual Tables
2377 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
2379 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
2381 =item Memory Allocation
2385 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
2389 =item Scratchpads and recursion
2399 =item Examining the tree
2401 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
2403 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
2405 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
2407 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
2413 AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
2414 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
2415 DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
2416 dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
2417 GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
2418 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH,
2419 HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
2420 hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent,
2421 hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv,
2422 hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
2423 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
2424 isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
2425 mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
2426 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
2427 newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
2428 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
2429 perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv,
2430 perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
2431 perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
2432 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
2433 saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
2434 strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
2435 sv_catpvn, sv_catpvf, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec,
2436 sv_dec, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
2437 SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
2438 sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
2439 SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
2440 SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
2441 SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
2442 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
2443 sv_setpvf, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
2444 sv_setsv, SvSTASH, SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG,
2445 SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref,
2446 sv_usepvn, sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
2447 XPUSHs, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
2448 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV,
2449 XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
2456 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
2460 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
2462 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
2464 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
2484 =item Determining the Context
2488 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
2494 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
2496 =item Passing Parameters
2498 =item Returning a Scalar
2500 =item Returning a list of values
2502 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
2504 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
2508 =item Using G_KEEPERR
2510 =item Using perl_call_sv
2512 =item Using perl_call_argv
2514 =item Using perl_call_method
2518 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
2520 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
2522 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
2523 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
2526 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
2528 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
2538 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
2540 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
2554 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
2564 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
2572 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
2580 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
2589 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
2591 =item The I<splain> Program
2603 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
2610 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
2616 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
2624 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
2626 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
2628 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
2636 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
2643 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
2651 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
2655 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
2661 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
2663 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
2665 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
2667 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
2669 =item Overloadable Operations
2671 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
2672 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
2673 and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
2675 =item Inheritance and overloading
2677 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
2678 is inherited by derived classes
2682 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
2690 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
2692 =item Copy Constructor
2698 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
2700 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
2701 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
2702 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
2706 =item Run-time Overloading
2708 =item Public functions
2710 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
2712 =item IMPLEMENTATION
2720 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
2730 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
2732 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
2736 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
2740 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
2746 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
2752 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
2754 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
2760 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
2766 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
2768 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
2776 =item DBM Comparisons
2784 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
2792 =item Subroutine Stubs
2794 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2796 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2798 =item Package Lexicals
2800 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
2808 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
2818 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
2830 =item Standard Exports
2832 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
2833 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
2834 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]] )
2836 =item Optional Exports
2838 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
2850 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
2852 =head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
2862 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
2874 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
2876 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
2878 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
2880 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
2882 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
2884 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
2886 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
2888 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
2890 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
2892 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
2894 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
2896 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
2898 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
2900 =item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
2902 =item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
2904 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
2906 =item CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
2908 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
2910 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
2914 =item CREATING FORMS
2918 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
2920 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
2922 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
2924 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
2928 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
2930 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
2932 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
2936 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
2938 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
2942 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
2946 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
2950 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
2954 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
2958 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
2960 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
2962 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
2966 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
2968 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
2970 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
2972 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
2976 =item NETSCAPE COOKIES
2978 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
2979 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
2981 =item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
2983 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
2984 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
2991 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
2995 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2997 B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
2998 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
2999 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
3000 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
3001 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
3004 =item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS
3008 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
3010 =item Generating new HTML tags
3014 =item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
3016 B<cgi>, B<form>, B<html2>, B<html3>, B<netscape>, B<shortcuts>,
3019 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
3021 In the B<use> statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be
3022 imported into your script:, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using
3023 B<-nph> parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
3025 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3029 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
3030 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
3031 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
3032 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
3033 Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
3034 Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
3035 Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
3036 (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
3037 Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
3038 (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
3039 (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
3041 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
3047 =head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
3061 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
3068 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
3070 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
3078 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
3084 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
3086 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
3088 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
3090 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
3094 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3100 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
3106 =item USING CGI::Push
3108 -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
3110 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
3114 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3120 =head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
3131 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
3139 =item Interactive Mode
3141 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
3142 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
3151 =item The 4 Classes: Authors, Bundles, Modules, Distributions
3153 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
3155 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
3165 =item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
3171 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
3172 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
3173 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
3186 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
3192 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
3201 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
3207 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
3215 =item The C<struct()> function
3217 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
3219 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
3220 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
3226 Example 1, Example 2
3228 =item Author and Modification History
3230 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
3236 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
3244 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
3250 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB
3256 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
3260 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
3262 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
3264 =item Default Parameters
3266 =item In Memory Databases
3274 =item A Simple Example
3282 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
3284 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
3286 =item The get_dup() Method
3288 =item Matching Partial Keys
3296 =item The 'bval' Option
3298 =item A Simple Example
3302 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
3303 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
3305 =item Another Example
3309 =item THE API INTERFACE
3311 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
3312 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
3313 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
3314 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
3316 =item HINTS AND TIPS
3320 =item Locking Databases
3322 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
3324 =item The untie() Gotcha
3328 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
3332 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
3334 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
3336 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
3338 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
3352 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
3358 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
3364 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
3370 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
3371 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
3372 dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
3373 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
3378 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
3385 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
3393 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
3401 =item Selecting What To Export
3403 =item Specialised Import Lists
3405 =item Module Version Checking
3407 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
3409 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
3413 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
3420 cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
3421 source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
3422 directory.., test_f file
3430 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
3440 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
3441 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
3449 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
3455 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
3461 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
3467 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
3477 =item VMS implementation
3483 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3490 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
3500 =item Preloaded methods
3502 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
3504 =item SelfLoaded methods
3506 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
3507 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
3508 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
3509 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
3510 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
3512 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
3514 force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others,
3515 install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o),
3516 makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
3517 maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru
3518 (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
3519 post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
3520 (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
3521 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
3522 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
3523 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
3529 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3538 =item Methods always loaded
3540 eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
3541 rootdir (override), updir (override)
3543 =item SelfLoaded methods
3545 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
3546 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
3547 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
3548 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
3549 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
3550 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
3551 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
3552 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
3553 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
3554 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
3555 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
3556 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
3557 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
3558 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
3563 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3570 catfile, static_lib (o), dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script,
3571 pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override), tools_other
3572 (o), manifypods (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
3574 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
3582 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
3584 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
3592 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
3596 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
3598 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
3600 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
3602 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
3604 C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
3605 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC,
3606 INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
3607 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
3608 INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
3609 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
3610 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
3611 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
3612 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
3613 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
3616 =item Additional lowercase attributes
3618 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
3621 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
3623 =item Hintsfile support
3625 =item Distribution Support
3627 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
3628 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
3629 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
3637 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
3647 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
3651 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
3652 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
3658 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
3666 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
3672 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
3679 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
3685 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
3691 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
3699 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
3701 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
3707 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
3711 C<basename>, C<dirname>
3713 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
3719 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
3729 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
3737 =item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)
3739 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
3747 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
3753 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
3763 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
3773 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
3781 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
3787 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
3791 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
3797 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
3807 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
3819 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
3826 E<lt>noneE<gt>, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f
3830 =item Linkage specification
3832 =item Aliases and abbreviations
3834 =item Non-option call-back routine
3836 =item Option starters
3846 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
3848 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
3849 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
3850 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
3851 reset), debug (default: reset)
3853 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
3855 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
3857 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
3864 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
3871 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
3877 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3885 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3889 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3895 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
3903 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3907 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
3908 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
3909 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
3919 =head2 IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3927 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3931 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
3939 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
3949 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
3961 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
3962 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
3963 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
3971 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
3983 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
3990 =item IO::Socket::INET
3994 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
3997 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4001 hostpath(), peerpath()
4011 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
4019 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
4023 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
4029 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
4038 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
4042 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
4043 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
4044 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
4054 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
4062 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
4066 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
4074 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
4085 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
4098 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
4099 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
4100 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
4108 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
4121 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4128 =item IO::Socket::INET
4132 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4135 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4139 hostpath(), peerpath()
4149 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
4159 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
4168 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
4174 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
4180 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
4186 Canonical notation, Input, Output
4194 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
4205 =item STRINGIFICATION
4209 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4215 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
4221 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
4225 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4227 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
4231 =item ANGLE CONVERSIONS
4237 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
4243 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
4253 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
4254 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
4262 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
4275 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
4288 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
4299 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
4312 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
4318 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
4328 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
4330 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
4331 or optag, an operator set (opset)
4333 =item Opcode Functions
4335 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
4336 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
4337 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
4340 =item Manipulating Opsets
4344 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
4346 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
4347 :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
4348 :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
4354 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
4361 a new namespace, an operator mask
4367 =item RECENT CHANGES
4369 =item Methods in class Safe
4371 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4372 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4373 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4374 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4376 =item Some Safety Issues
4378 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4384 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
4393 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
4405 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
4406 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
4407 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
4408 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
4409 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
4410 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
4411 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
4412 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
4413 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
4414 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
4415 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
4416 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
4417 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
4418 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
4419 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
4420 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
4421 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
4422 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
4423 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
4424 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
4425 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
4426 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
4427 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
4428 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
4429 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
4430 wcstombs, wctomb, write
4436 =item POSIX::SigAction
4442 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
4444 =item POSIX::Termios
4446 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
4447 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
4448 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
4449 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
4450 values, c_oflag field values
4454 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
4458 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
4462 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
4520 =head2 Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML
4528 help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
4529 nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
4541 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
4551 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
4557 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
4563 a new namespace, an operator mask
4569 =item RECENT CHANGES
4571 =item Methods in class Safe
4573 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4574 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4575 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4576 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4578 =item Some Safety Issues
4580 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4586 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
4592 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
4598 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
4606 =item The __DATA__ token
4608 =item SelfLoader autoloading
4610 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
4612 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
4614 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
4616 =item Classes and inherited methods.
4620 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
4622 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
4630 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
4631 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
4637 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
4638 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
4639 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
4640 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
4641 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
4643 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
4649 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
4657 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
4658 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
4664 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
4665 setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog
4675 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
4683 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
4689 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
4697 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
4698 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
4704 =item Minimal set of supported functions
4706 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
4707 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
4709 =item Additional supported functions
4715 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
4723 =item The test script output
4731 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
4732 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
4733 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
4742 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
4750 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens
4758 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
4771 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
4782 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
4794 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
4800 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
4801 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
4805 =item MORE INFORMATION
4807 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
4821 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
4828 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
4830 =item MORE INFORMATION
4832 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
4840 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
4846 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
4857 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
4868 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
4876 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
4882 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( VAL, TYPE ),
4885 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
4896 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
4907 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
4909 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
4910 don't all have manual pages yet:
4932 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles