2 # !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
3 # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
4 # Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
8 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
12 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
13 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
14 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
16 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
18 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
30 =item Reference Manual
32 =item Internals and C Language Interface
36 =item Language-Specific
38 =item Platform-Specific
62 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
72 =item Running Perl programs
74 =item Basic syntax overview
76 =item Perl variable types
78 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
80 =item Variable scoping
82 =item Conditional and looping constructs
84 if, while, for, foreach
86 =item Builtin operators and functions
88 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
93 =item Regular expressions
95 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
96 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
98 =item Writing subroutines
102 =item Using Perl modules
110 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
116 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
124 =item Making References
126 =item Using References
144 =item Distribution Conditions
150 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
156 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
157 more elaborate constructs
161 =item COMMON MISTAKES
163 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
165 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
171 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
175 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
177 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
179 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
183 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
187 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
189 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
191 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
195 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
199 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
201 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
203 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
207 =item HASHES OF HASHES
211 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
213 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
215 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
219 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
223 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
225 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
227 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
239 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
247 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
249 =item Growing Your Own
251 =item Access and Printing
263 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
273 =item Simple word matching
275 =item Using character classes
277 =item Matching this or that
279 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
281 =item Extracting matches
283 =item Matching repetitions
287 =item Search and replace
289 =item The split operator
297 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
301 =item Acknowledgments
307 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
313 =item Part 1: The basics
317 =item Simple word matching
319 =item Using character classes
321 =item Matching this or that
323 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
325 =item Extracting matches
327 =item Matching repetitions
329 =item Building a regexp
331 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
335 =item Part 2: Power tools
339 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
341 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
343 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
345 =item Non-capturing groupings
347 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
349 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
351 =item Conditional expressions
353 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
355 =item Pragmas and debugging
363 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
367 =item Acknowledgments
373 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
381 =item If we could talk to the animals...
383 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
385 =item Invoking a barnyard
387 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
389 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
391 =item Inheriting the windpipes
393 =item A few notes about @ISA
395 =item Overriding the methods
397 =item Starting the search from a different place
399 =item The SUPER way of doing things
401 =item Where we're at so far...
403 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
405 =item Invoking an instance method
407 =item Accessing the instance data
409 =item How to build a horse
411 =item Inheriting the constructor
413 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
415 =item Adding parameters to a method
417 =item More interesting instances
419 =item A horse of a different color
431 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
437 =item Creating a Class
441 =item Object Representation
443 =item Class Interface
445 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
447 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
451 =item Other Object Methods
459 =item Accessing Class Data
461 =item Debugging Methods
463 =item Class Destructors
465 =item Documenting the Interface
475 =item Overridden Methods
477 =item Multiple Inheritance
479 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
483 =item Alternate Object Representations
487 =item Arrays as Objects
489 =item Closures as Objects
493 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
497 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
499 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
503 =item Metaclassical Tools
509 =item Data Members as Variables
517 =item Object Terminology
523 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
529 =item Acknowledgments
535 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
541 =item Class Data in a Can
543 =item Class Data as Package Variables
547 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
549 =item Inheritance Concerns
551 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
553 =item Indirect References to Class Data
555 =item Monadic Classes
557 =item Translucent Attributes
561 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
565 =item Privacy and Responsibility
567 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
569 =item More Inheritance Concerns
571 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
573 =item Translucency Revisited
581 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
583 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
589 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
595 =item OO SCALING TIPS
597 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
599 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
601 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
603 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
605 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
607 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
609 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
611 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
613 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
621 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
629 =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
641 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
649 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
667 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
669 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
670 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
671 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
672 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
674 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
676 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
677 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
678 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
682 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
684 =item Numerical Traps
686 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
688 =item General data type traps
690 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
691 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
693 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
695 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
697 =item Precedence Traps
699 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
702 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
704 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
705 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
706 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
708 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
710 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
716 =item Interpolation Traps
718 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
719 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
725 =item Unclassified Traps
727 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
734 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
742 =item Looking at data and -w and v
746 =item Stepping through code
748 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
750 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
768 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31
777 =item Where to get the perlfaq
779 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
781 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
788 =item Author and Copyright Information
792 =item Bundled Distributions
798 =item Table of Contents
800 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
801 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
802 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
803 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
804 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
810 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
812 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
814 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
816 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
818 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
820 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
822 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
824 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
826 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
832 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date:
833 2003/11/23 08:02:29 $)
843 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
845 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
847 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
853 =item How stable is Perl?
855 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
857 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
860 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
862 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
864 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
866 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
868 =item What is a JAPH?
870 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
872 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
873 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
877 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
881 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.25 $,
882 $Date: 2003/10/16 04:57:38 $)
890 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
892 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
894 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
896 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
899 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
900 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
902 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
903 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
905 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
907 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
909 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
911 =item Where should I post source code?
915 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
917 =item Perl in Magazines
919 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
921 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
923 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
925 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
927 =item Where do I send bug reports?
929 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
933 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
937 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.37 $, $Date: 2003/11/24
946 =item How do I do (anything)?
948 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
950 =item Is there a Perl shell?
952 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
954 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
956 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
958 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
960 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
962 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
964 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
966 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
967 GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
968 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
970 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
972 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
974 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
976 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
978 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
980 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
982 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
984 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
985 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
987 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
989 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
991 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
993 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
995 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
997 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
999 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
1001 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
1003 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
1005 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
1007 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
1009 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
1011 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
1012 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
1014 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
1016 =item What's MakeMaker?
1020 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1024 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.54 $, $Date: 2003/11/30
1035 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
1036 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
1038 =item Why is int() broken?
1040 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
1042 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
1045 =item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
1047 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
1048 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
1049 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
1050 from decimal to binary
1052 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
1054 =item How do I multiply matrices?
1056 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
1058 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
1060 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
1062 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
1070 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
1072 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
1074 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
1076 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
1078 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
1080 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
1082 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
1090 =item How do I validate input?
1092 =item How do I unescape a string?
1094 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
1096 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
1098 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
1100 =item How do I reverse a string?
1102 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
1104 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
1106 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
1108 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1110 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
1113 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
1115 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
1118 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
1120 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
1122 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
1124 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
1126 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
1128 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
1130 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
1132 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
1133 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
1142 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
1144 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
1146 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
1150 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
1153 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
1154 intersection of two arrays?
1156 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
1158 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
1160 =item How do I handle linked lists?
1162 =item How do I handle circular lists?
1164 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
1166 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
1168 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
1170 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
1172 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
1174 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
1176 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
1180 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
1184 =item How do I process an entire hash?
1186 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
1189 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
1191 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
1193 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
1195 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
1197 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
1199 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
1201 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
1203 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
1205 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
1207 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
1209 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
1212 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
1213 array of hashes or arrays?
1215 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
1223 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
1225 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
1227 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
1229 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
1231 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
1233 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
1235 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
1239 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1243 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.30 $, $Date: 2003/11/23
1252 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
1254 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
1255 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
1257 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
1259 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
1261 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
1263 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
1265 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
1266 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
1268 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
1270 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
1272 =item How can I write() into a string?
1274 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
1276 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
1278 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
1280 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
1283 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
1285 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
1287 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
1289 =item How can I lock a file?
1291 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
1293 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
1294 the file. How can I do this?
1296 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
1297 file. Do I still have to use locking?
1299 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
1301 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
1303 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
1305 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
1307 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
1309 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
1311 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
1313 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
1315 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
1317 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
1319 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
1321 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
1322 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
1324 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
1326 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
1327 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
1329 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
1331 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
1335 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1339 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03
1348 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
1349 and unmaintainable code?
1351 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
1353 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
1355 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
1358 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
1360 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
1363 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
1365 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
1367 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
1369 =item What is C</o> really for?
1371 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
1374 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
1376 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
1378 =item How do I process each word on each line?
1380 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
1382 =item How can I do approximate matching?
1384 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
1386 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
1388 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
1390 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
1392 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
1394 =item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
1396 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
1398 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
1402 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1406 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date:
1407 2003/07/24 02:17:21 $)
1415 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
1417 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
1420 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
1423 =item How do I skip some return values?
1425 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
1427 =item What's an extension?
1429 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
1431 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
1433 =item How do I create a module?
1435 =item How do I create a class?
1437 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
1439 =item What's a closure?
1441 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
1443 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
1446 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
1449 =item How do I create a static variable?
1451 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
1452 Between local() and my()?
1454 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
1457 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
1459 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
1461 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
1463 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
1465 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
1467 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
1470 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1472 =item How can I find out my current package?
1474 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
1476 =item How do I clear a package?
1478 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
1480 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
1484 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1488 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
1497 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
1499 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
1501 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
1503 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
1505 =item How do I print something out in color?
1507 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
1509 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
1511 =item How do I clear the screen?
1513 =item How do I get the screen size?
1515 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
1517 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
1519 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
1521 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
1523 =item How do I start a process in the background?
1525 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
1527 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
1529 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
1531 =item How do I set the time and date?
1533 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
1535 =item How can I measure time under a second?
1537 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
1539 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
1540 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
1542 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
1544 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
1546 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1548 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1550 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1552 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1554 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1556 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1558 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1560 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1563 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1565 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1567 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1569 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1572 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
1573 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
1574 changes to be visible?
1578 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1581 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1583 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1585 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1587 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1589 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1591 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1593 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1595 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1597 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1599 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1601 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1603 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1606 =item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
1608 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1612 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1616 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57
1625 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
1627 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1630 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1632 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1634 =item How do I extract URLs?
1636 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1637 file on another machine?
1639 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
1641 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1643 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1645 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1647 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1649 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1651 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1653 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1654 CGI script to do bad things?
1656 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1658 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1660 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1662 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1664 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1666 =item How do I send mail?
1668 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
1670 =item How do I read mail?
1672 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
1674 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1676 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1678 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1682 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1686 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1698 =item Simple Statements
1700 =item Truth and Falsehood
1702 =item Statement Modifiers
1704 =item Compound Statements
1712 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1716 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1718 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1724 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1732 =item Variable names
1738 =item Scalar value constructors
1740 =item List value constructors
1746 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1754 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1762 =item Operator Precedence and Associativity
1764 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1766 =item The Arrow Operator
1768 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1770 =item Exponentiation
1772 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1774 =item Binding Operators
1776 =item Multiplicative Operators
1778 =item Additive Operators
1780 =item Shift Operators
1782 =item Named Unary Operators
1784 =item Relational Operators
1786 =item Equality Operators
1790 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1792 =item C-style Logical And
1794 =item C-style Logical Or
1796 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
1798 =item Range Operators
1800 =item Conditional Operator
1802 =item Assignment Operators
1804 =item Comma Operator
1806 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1812 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
1814 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1816 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1818 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1820 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1822 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1823 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1824 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1825 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
1827 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
1829 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
1830 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
1831 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
1832 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
1837 =item Constant Folding
1839 =item Bitwise String Operators
1841 =item Integer Arithmetic
1843 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1845 =item Bigger Numbers
1851 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1861 =item Private Variables via my()
1863 =item Persistent Private Variables
1865 =item Temporary Values via local()
1867 =item Lvalue subroutines
1869 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
1871 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1873 =item When to Still Use local()
1875 =item Pass by Reference
1879 =item Constant Functions
1881 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
1885 =item Subroutine Attributes
1893 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1901 =item Perl Functions by Category
1903 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1904 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1905 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1906 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1907 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1908 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1909 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1910 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1911 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1912 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1917 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1919 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1920 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1921 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
1922 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
1923 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
1924 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
1925 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
1926 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
1927 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
1928 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
1929 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
1930 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
1931 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
1932 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
1933 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
1934 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
1935 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
1936 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
1937 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
1938 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
1939 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
1940 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
1941 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
1942 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1943 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
1944 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
1945 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
1946 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1947 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
1948 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
1949 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
1950 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
1951 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
1952 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
1953 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
1954 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
1955 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
1956 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
1957 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
1958 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
1959 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
1960 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
1961 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
1962 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
1963 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
1964 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
1965 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
1966 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
1967 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1968 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1969 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1970 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1971 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1972 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1973 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1974 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1975 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
1976 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
1977 parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
1978 width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
1979 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
1980 (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
1981 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
1982 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen
1983 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1984 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1985 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
1986 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
1987 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1988 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1989 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1990 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1991 TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
1992 Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
1993 VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1994 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
2000 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
2006 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
2012 =item Indirect Filehandles
2016 =item The Minus File
2018 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
2024 =item Open E<agrave> la C
2028 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
2032 =item Obscure Open Tricks
2036 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
2038 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
2040 =item Paths as Opens
2042 =item Single Argument Open
2044 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
2048 =item Other I/O Issues
2052 =item Opening Non-File Files
2054 =item Opening Named Pipes
2056 =item Opening Sockets
2068 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
2074 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
2080 =item The Basic Principle
2084 =item Packing Numbers
2090 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
2092 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
2094 =item Floating point Numbers
2098 =item Exotic Templates
2110 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
2114 =item Template Grouping
2116 =item Lengths and Widths
2120 =item String Lengths
2122 =item Dynamic Templates
2124 =item Counting Repetitions
2128 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
2132 =item The Alignment Pit
2134 =item Alignment, Take 2
2136 =item Alignment, Take 3
2138 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
2144 =item Funnies Section
2150 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
2158 =item Ordinary Paragraph
2160 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2162 =item Command Paragraph
2164 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
2165 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
2166 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
2167 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding
2170 =item Formatting Codes
2172 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2173 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2174 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
2175 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
2176 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
2177 (zero-effect) formatting code
2181 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2183 =item Hints for Writing Pod
2193 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
2200 =item Pod Definitions
2204 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
2205 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
2206 "=encoding encodingname"
2208 =item Pod Formatting Codes
2210 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2211 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
2212 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2213 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2214 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
2215 contains non-breaking spaces
2217 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
2219 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
2221 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
2223 =item About =over...=back Regions
2225 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
2233 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
2243 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
2245 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
2247 =item Location of Perl
2249 =item Command Switches
2251 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>], B<-A [I<assertions>]>, B<-a>, B<-C
2252 [I<number/list>]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>,
2253 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
2254 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
2255 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
2256 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
2257 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
2258 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
2264 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
2265 :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
2266 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
2267 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_DL_NONLAZY, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED,
2268 PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS,
2269 PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
2273 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2281 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
2289 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
2291 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
2293 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
2297 =item Backward Compatibility
2299 =item Category Hierarchy
2301 =item Fatal Warnings
2303 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
2315 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2321 =item The Perl Debugger
2325 =item Debugger Commands
2327 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
2328 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
2329 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
2330 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
2331 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
2332 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
2333 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
2334 command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
2335 command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
2336 file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
2339 =item Configurable Options
2341 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
2342 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
2343 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
2344 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
2345 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
2346 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
2349 =item Debugger input/output
2351 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
2354 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2356 =item Debugger Customization
2358 =item Readline Support
2360 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2362 =item The Perl Profiler
2366 =item Debugging regular expressions
2368 =item Debugging memory usage
2376 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
2384 =item Predefined Names
2386 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
2387 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
2388 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
2389 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
2390 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
2391 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
2392 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
2393 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#,
2394 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
2395 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
2396 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
2397 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
2398 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
2399 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
2400 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
2401 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
2402 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
2403 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
2404 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
2405 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
2406 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
2407 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
2408 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
2409 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
2410 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
2411 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
2412 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
2413 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
2414 $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
2415 ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
2418 =item Error Indicators
2420 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
2428 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
2438 =item Regular Expressions
2440 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
2442 =item Extended Patterns
2444 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
2445 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
2446 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
2447 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
2451 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
2453 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
2455 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
2457 =item Combining pieces together
2459 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
2460 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
2461 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
2462 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
2464 =item Creating custom RE engines
2474 =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
2486 =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
2488 =item CHARACTER CLASSES
2494 =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
2512 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
2522 =item Making References
2524 =item Using References
2526 =item Symbolic references
2528 =item Not-so-symbolic references
2530 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
2532 =item Function Templates
2542 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
2552 =item Numeric Fields
2554 =item The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text
2556 =item The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text
2558 =item Specifying Values
2560 =item Using Fill Mode
2562 =item Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void
2564 =item Repeating Format Lines
2566 =item Top of Form Processing
2568 =item Format Variables
2578 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
2586 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
2594 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
2596 =item A Class is Simply a Package
2598 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
2600 =item Method Invocation
2602 =item Indirect Object Syntax
2604 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
2606 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
2612 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
2620 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
2632 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
2637 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
2638 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
2639 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
2640 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
2645 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
2646 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
2647 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, SCALAR this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
2649 =item Tying FileHandles
2651 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
2652 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
2657 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
2669 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
2677 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
2678 B<filter_fetch_value>
2684 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
2686 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
2696 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
2697 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
2707 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
2715 =item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
2717 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
2718 "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
2722 =item Using open() for IPC
2728 =item Background Processes
2730 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
2732 =item Safe Pipe Opens
2734 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
2736 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
2740 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
2744 =item Internet Line Terminators
2746 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
2748 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
2752 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
2756 =item A Simple Client
2758 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
2760 =item A Webget Client
2762 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
2766 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
2768 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
2770 =item UDP: Message Passing
2784 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
2794 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
2796 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
2797 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
2798 files, directories and network sockets
2800 =item Resource limits
2802 =item Killing the parent process
2804 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
2806 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
2808 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
2809 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
2810 application, Thread-safety of extensions
2822 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
2830 =item Storing numbers
2832 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
2834 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
2836 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
2837 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
2838 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
2847 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
2855 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2857 =item Threaded Program Models
2869 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
2871 =item Thread-Safe Modules
2877 =item Basic Thread Support
2879 =item A Note about the Examples
2881 =item Creating Threads
2883 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2885 =item Ignoring A Thread
2889 =item Threads And Data
2893 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2895 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
2899 =item Synchronization and control
2903 =item Controlling access: lock()
2905 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2907 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2909 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2911 =item Basic semaphores
2913 =item Advanced Semaphores
2915 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
2917 =item Giving up control
2921 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2925 =item What Thread Am I In?
2929 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2931 =item What Threads Are Running?
2935 =item A Complete Example
2937 =item Different implementations of threads
2939 =item Performance considerations
2941 =item Process-scope Changes
2943 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
2951 =item Introductory Texts
2953 =item OS-Related References
2955 =item Other References
2959 =item Acknowledgements
2967 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
2973 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2975 =item Threaded Program Models
2987 =item Native threads
2989 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2991 =item Threadsafe Modules
2997 =item Basic Thread Support
2999 =item Creating Threads
3001 =item Giving up control
3003 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
3005 =item Errors In Threads
3007 =item Ignoring A Thread
3011 =item Threads And Data
3015 =item Shared And Unshared Data
3017 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
3019 =item Controlling access: lock()
3021 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3023 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3027 =item Threads And Code
3031 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3033 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
3035 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
3037 =item Subroutine Locks
3041 =item Locking A Subroutine
3045 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3049 =item What Thread Am I In?
3053 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3055 =item What Threads Are Running?
3059 =item A Complete Example
3067 =item Introductory Texts
3069 =item OS-Related References
3071 =item Other References
3075 =item Acknowledgements
3083 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
3089 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
3098 =item Numbers endianness and Width
3100 =item Files and Filesystems
3102 =item System Interaction
3104 =item Command names versus file pathnames
3108 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
3110 =item External Subroutines (XS)
3112 =item Standard Modules
3116 =item Character sets and character encoding
3118 =item Internationalisation
3120 =item System Resources
3130 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
3131 http://testers.cpan.org/
3139 =item DOS and Derivatives
3147 =item EBCDIC Platforms
3155 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3159 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3161 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown
3162 LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
3163 HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl
3164 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin,
3165 getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME,
3166 getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
3167 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
3168 gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent
3169 STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN,
3170 endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
3171 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl
3172 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat
3173 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
3174 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
3175 FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
3176 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
3177 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
3178 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
3179 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
3180 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
3181 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
3182 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
3183 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
3184 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
3185 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
3191 v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000,
3192 v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999,
3193 v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
3194 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December
3195 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August
3196 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
3198 =item Supported Platforms
3202 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3206 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
3213 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
3219 =item The use locale pragma
3221 =item The setlocale function
3223 =item Finding locales
3225 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
3227 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
3229 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
3231 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
3233 =item Fixing system locale configuration
3235 =item The localeconv function
3237 =item I18N::Langinfo
3241 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
3245 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
3247 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
3249 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
3251 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
3255 =item Other categories
3263 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
3264 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
3270 =item Backward compatibility
3272 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
3274 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
3276 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
3278 =item Freely available locale definitions
3282 =item An imperfect standard
3286 =item Unicode and UTF-8
3292 =item Broken systems
3302 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
3312 =item Perl's Unicode Support
3314 =item Perl's Unicode Model
3316 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
3318 =item Creating Unicode
3320 =item Handling Unicode
3322 =item Legacy Encodings
3326 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
3330 =item Advanced Topics
3334 =item Questions With Answers
3336 =item Hexadecimal Notation
3338 =item Further Resources
3342 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
3346 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3348 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
3352 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
3360 =item Important Caveats
3362 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
3363 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, C<use encoding> needed to upgrade
3364 non-Latin-1 byte strings
3366 =item Byte and Character Semantics
3368 =item Effects of Character Semantics
3374 =item User-Defined Character Properties
3376 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
3378 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
3380 =item Unicode Encodings
3382 =item Security Implications of Unicode
3384 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
3388 =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
3390 =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
3392 =item Using Unicode in XS
3400 =item Interaction with Locales
3402 =item Interaction with Extensions
3406 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
3414 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
3420 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
3428 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
3432 =item 13 variant characters
3440 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
3442 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
3444 =item Unicode and UTF
3450 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
3452 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
3454 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
3468 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
3470 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
3472 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
3474 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
3482 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
3484 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
3486 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
3488 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
3492 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
3496 =item URL decoding and encoding
3498 =item uu encoding and decoding
3500 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
3502 =item Caesarian ciphers
3506 =item Hashing order and checksums
3510 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
3522 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
3542 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
3550 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
3552 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
3554 =item Taint mode and @INC
3556 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
3560 =item Protecting Your Programs
3564 =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
3572 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
3584 =item BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END
3590 =item Making your module threadsafe
3598 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
3602 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
3606 =item Pragmatic Modules
3608 assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
3609 bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding,
3610 fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re,
3611 sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version,
3612 vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
3614 =item Standard Modules
3616 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
3617 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
3618 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
3619 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
3620 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
3621 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
3622 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DBM_Filter, DB_File, Data::Dumper,
3623 Devel::DProf, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest,
3624 Digest::MD5, Digest::base, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode,
3625 Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN,
3626 Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder,
3627 Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z,
3628 Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header,
3629 Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW,
3630 Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
3631 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
3632 ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
3633 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
3634 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
3635 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
3636 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
3637 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
3638 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
3639 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish,
3640 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
3641 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
3642 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
3643 File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
3644 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
3645 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
3646 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File,
3647 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
3648 I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
3649 IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
3650 IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg,
3651 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
3652 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
3653 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
3654 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
3655 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::CalcEmu, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex,
3656 Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
3657 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
3658 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
3659 Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
3660 Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
3661 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
3662 PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint,
3663 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
3664 Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
3665 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
3666 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
3667 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
3668 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
3669 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
3670 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
3671 Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
3672 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
3673 Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps,
3674 Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
3675 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
3676 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
3677 Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
3678 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
3679 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
3680 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
3683 =item Extension Modules
3697 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
3698 Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
3700 =item Central America
3706 Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
3707 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
3708 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
3709 Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
3710 Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
3714 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
3715 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
3716 Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
3717 North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
3718 Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
3722 Australia, New Zealand, United States
3726 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
3732 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
3736 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
3738 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
3740 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
3748 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
3754 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
3758 =item Before you start
3766 =item Release considerations
3770 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
3774 =item Has it been done before?
3776 =item Do one thing and do it well
3778 =item What's in a name?
3782 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
3786 =item To OO or not to OO?
3788 =item Designing your API
3790 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
3791 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
3794 =item Strictness and warnings
3796 =item Backwards compatibility
3798 =item Error handling and messages
3802 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
3808 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
3810 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
3811 perl Build test, perl Build install
3815 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
3819 =item Version numbering
3821 =item Pre-requisites
3831 =item COMMON PITFALLS
3835 =item Reinventing the wheel
3837 =item Trying to do too much
3839 =item Inappropriate documentation
3845 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
3846 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
3853 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
3863 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
3864 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
3878 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
3888 =item What should I make into a module?
3890 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
3892 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
3894 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
3896 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
3897 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
3898 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
3900 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
3902 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
3903 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
3913 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3923 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3924 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3925 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3926 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3930 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3932 =item Administration
3934 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3938 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3939 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3947 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3957 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3961 =item Using The Back Ends
3965 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3969 =item The Decompiling Back End
3971 =item The Lint Back End
3973 =item The Simple C Back End
3975 =item The Bytecode Back End
3977 =item The Optimized C Back End
3981 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3983 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3984 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3985 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3987 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3993 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4003 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4005 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4007 B<Decryption Filters>
4009 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4011 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4013 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4017 =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
4019 Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
4029 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
4039 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
4040 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
4044 =item Compiling your C program
4046 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
4048 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
4050 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
4052 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
4054 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
4056 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
4058 =item Execution of END blocks
4060 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
4062 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
4067 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
4079 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
4085 =item Debugger Internals
4089 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
4093 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
4095 =item Debugging regular expressions
4099 =item Compile-time output
4101 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
4102 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
4103 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
4106 =item Types of nodes
4108 =item Run-time output
4112 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
4116 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
4118 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
4119 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
4122 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
4124 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
4126 =item B<-DL> details
4130 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
4138 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
4150 =item Version caveat
4152 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
4164 =item What has gone on?
4166 =item Writing good test scripts
4170 =item What's new here?
4172 =item Input and Output Parameters
4174 =item The XSUBPP Program
4176 =item The TYPEMAP file
4178 =item Warning about Output Arguments
4182 =item What has happened here?
4184 =item Anatomy of .xs file
4186 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
4188 =item More about XSUB arguments
4190 =item The Argument Stack
4192 =item Extending your Extension
4194 =item Documenting your Extension
4196 =item Installing your Extension
4200 =item New Things in this Example
4204 =item New Things in this Example
4206 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
4208 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
4210 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
4212 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
4228 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
4240 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
4242 =item The Argument Stack
4244 =item The RETVAL Variable
4246 =item Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL
4248 =item The MODULE Keyword
4250 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4252 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4254 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4256 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4258 =item The CODE: Keyword
4260 =item The INIT: Keyword
4262 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4264 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4266 =item Default Parameter Values
4268 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4270 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4272 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4274 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4276 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4278 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4280 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4282 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4284 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4286 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4288 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4290 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4292 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4294 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4296 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4298 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4300 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4302 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4304 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
4306 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4308 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4310 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4312 =item The CASE: Keyword
4314 =item The & Unary Operator
4316 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4318 =item Using XS With C++
4320 =item Interface Strategy
4322 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4326 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4328 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4340 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4350 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4352 =item File Operations
4354 =item File Input and Output
4356 =item File Positioning
4358 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4360 =item Character Class Tests
4362 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4364 =item Miscellaneous functions
4372 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4384 =item What is an "IV"?
4386 =item Working with SVs
4390 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4392 =item Working with AVs
4394 =item Working with HVs
4396 =item Hash API Extensions
4398 =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
4402 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4404 =item Creating New Variables
4406 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4408 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4410 =item Stashes and Globs
4412 =item Double-Typed SVs
4414 =item Magic Variables
4416 =item Assigning Magic
4418 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4422 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4424 =item Localizing changes
4426 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4427 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4428 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4429 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4430 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4431 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4432 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4433 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4434 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4435 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4443 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4445 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4447 =item Memory Allocation
4451 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4455 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4465 =item Examining the tree
4467 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4469 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4471 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4473 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4475 =item Pluggable runops
4479 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4481 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4485 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4487 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4489 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4491 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4493 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4497 =item Internal Functions
4499 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b
4503 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4505 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4507 =item Source Documentation
4511 =item Unicode Support
4515 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4517 =item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
4519 =item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
4521 =item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
4523 =item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
4525 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4529 =item Custom Operators
4537 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4543 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4545 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4547 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4567 =item Determining the Context
4571 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4577 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4579 =item Passing Parameters
4581 =item Returning a Scalar
4583 =item Returning a list of values
4585 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4587 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4591 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4595 =item Using call_argv
4597 =item Using call_method
4601 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4603 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4605 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4606 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4609 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4611 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4623 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4629 =item "Gimme" Values
4631 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4633 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4635 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4636 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4637 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4639 =item Callback Functions
4641 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4642 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4644 =item Character classes
4646 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4648 =item Cloning an interpreter
4652 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4654 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4656 =item Embedding Functions
4658 cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
4659 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4661 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4663 packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str
4665 =item Global Variables
4667 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4671 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4672 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4676 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4678 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4680 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4681 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_assert, hv_clear, hv_clear_placeholders, hv_delete,
4682 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4683 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4684 hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_scalar, hv_store, hv_store_ent,
4685 hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4687 =item Magical Functions
4689 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4690 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4691 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4693 =item Memory Management
4695 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4696 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4698 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4700 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, new_version, scan_version, strEQ,
4701 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking,
4702 sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, upg_version, vcmp, vnumify, vstringify
4704 =item Numeric functions
4706 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4709 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4711 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4713 =item Pad Data Structures
4717 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4719 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4720 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4721 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4722 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4723 XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF,
4728 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4730 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4732 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4733 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4734 SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off,
4735 SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW,
4736 SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvIV_nomg, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
4737 SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx,
4738 SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
4739 SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
4740 SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
4741 SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
4742 SvPV_nolen, SvPV_nomg, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
4743 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off,
4744 SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8,
4745 SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX, SvUV_nomg, SvVOK, sv_2bool,
4746 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv_flags, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte,
4747 sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen,
4748 sv_2uv_flags, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg,
4749 sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
4750 sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale,
4751 sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4752 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4753 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4754 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b,
4755 sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force,
4756 sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype,
4757 sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg,
4758 sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv,
4759 sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv,
4760 sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv,
4761 sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted,
4762 sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade,
4763 sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
4764 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4766 =item Unicode Support
4768 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4769 is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8,
4770 sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title,
4771 to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
4772 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4775 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4777 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4778 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4780 =item Warning and Dieing
4790 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4797 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
4801 =item Functions in file pad.h
4803 CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS,
4804 PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH,
4805 PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL,
4806 PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR,
4807 PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE, PAD_SV, PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV
4809 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
4813 =item Global Variables
4815 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4826 =item Pad Data Structures
4828 CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
4829 pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
4830 pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
4831 pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
4833 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4837 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4839 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4847 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4857 =item History and Background
4859 =item Basic Structure
4861 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4863 =item Data Structures
4865 =item Functions and Attributes
4867 =item Per-instance Data
4869 =item Layers in action.
4871 =item Per-instance flag bits
4873 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4874 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4875 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4876 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4878 =item Methods in Detail
4880 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4881 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4882 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4883 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4888 =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
4890 C implementations, Perl implementations
4894 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4896 =item Extension Layers
4898 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4906 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4914 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4915 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4916 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4917 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4918 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4919 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4920 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4921 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4922 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4923 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4924 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4928 =item Co-existence with stdio
4930 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4931 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4933 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4935 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4936 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4937 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4938 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4940 =item Other Functions
4942 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4943 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4949 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4955 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4956 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4957 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4958 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4959 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4960 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4961 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4965 =item Keeping in sync
4967 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4968 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4970 =item Why rsync the source tree
4972 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
4974 =item Why rsync the patches
4976 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4977 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4979 =item Perlbug administration
4981 =item Submitting patches
4983 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4984 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4986 =item Finding Your Way Around
4988 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4990 =item Elements of the interpreter
4992 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4994 =item Internal Variable Types
5000 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5002 =item Millions of Macros
5004 =item The .i Targets
5006 =item Poking at Perl
5008 =item Using a source-level debugger
5010 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5011 finish, 'enter', print
5013 =item gdb macro support
5015 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5019 =item Patching a core module
5021 =item Adding a new function to the core
5023 =item Writing a test
5025 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5026 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
5027 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5029 =item Special Make Test Targets
5031 coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind
5032 check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third
5033 utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8
5034 check.utf8, test_harness
5036 =item Running tests by hand
5038 PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
5042 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5046 =item Rational Software's Purify
5048 =item Purify on Unix
5050 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5054 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5058 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5060 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5064 =item Gprof Profiling
5066 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5068 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5070 =item Pixie Profiling
5072 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5075 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5079 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5087 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
5095 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
5101 =item To do during 5.6.x
5105 =item Support for I/O disciplines
5107 =item Autoload bytes.pm
5109 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
5111 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
5113 =item Overloadable regex assertions
5117 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
5119 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
5121 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
5123 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
5125 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
5127 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
5129 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
5131 =item Complete signal handling
5133 =item Out-of-source builds
5135 =item POSIX realtime support
5137 =item UNIX98 support
5141 =item Long double conversion
5145 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
5147 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
5149 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
5151 =item Security audit shipped utilities
5153 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
5155 =item Custom opcodes
5157 =item DLL Versioning
5159 =item Introduce @( and @)
5161 =item Floating point handling
5163 =item IV/UV preservation
5165 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
5167 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
5169 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
5171 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
5173 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
5175 =item Document Win32 choices
5177 =item Check new modules
5179 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
5183 =item To do at some point
5187 =item Remove regular expression recursion
5189 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
5191 =item bitfields in pack
5193 =item Cross compilation
5195 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
5197 =item Perl lexer in Perl
5199 =item Using POSIX calls internally
5201 =item -i rename file when changed
5203 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
5205 =item Support for rerunning debugger
5207 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
5209 =item my sub foo { }
5211 =item One-pass global destruction
5213 =item Rewrite regexp parser
5215 =item Cache recently used regexps
5217 =item Cross-compilation support
5219 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
5221 =item debugger pragma
5223 =item use less pragma
5225 =item switch structures
5227 =item Cache eval tree
5231 =item Shrink opcode tables
5233 =item Optimize away @_
5235 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
5239 =item Prototype method calls
5241 =item Return context prototype declarations
5245 =item Garbage collection
5249 =item Rewrite perldoc
5251 =item Install .3p manpages
5253 =item Unicode tutorial
5255 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
5257 =item Retargetable installation
5259 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
5261 =item Rename Win32 headers
5263 =item Finish off lvalue functions
5265 =item Update sprintf documentation
5267 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
5269 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
5271 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
5273 =item Should overload be inheritable?
5277 =item Perform correctly when XSUBs call subroutines that exit via
5278 goto(LABEL) and friends
5286 =item ref() in list context
5288 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
5290 =item Compile to real threaded code
5292 =item Structured types
5294 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
5296 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
5300 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
5304 =item foreach(reverse ...)
5306 =item Constant function cache
5308 =item Approximate regular expression matching
5316 =item Update guts documentation
5318 =item Add more tests
5320 =item Update auxiliary tools
5322 =item Create debugging macros
5324 =item truncate to the people
5326 =item Unicode in Filenames
5330 =item Unicode in %ENV
5332 =item Recently done things
5336 =item Alternative RE syntax module
5338 =item Safe signal handling
5344 =item setitimer and getimiter
5346 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5348 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5350 =item Explicit switch statements
5358 =item perlcc to produce executable
5360 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5362 =item Secure temporary file module
5364 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5366 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5368 =item Mmap for input
5370 =item Byte to/from UTF-8 and UTF-8 to/from local conversion
5372 =item Add sockatmark support
5374 =item Mailing list archives
5378 =item Integrate MacPerl
5380 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5382 =item Regular expression tutorial
5384 =item Debugging Tutorial
5386 =item Integrate new modules
5388 =item Integrate profiler
5390 =item Y2K error detection
5392 =item Regular expression debugger
5396 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5398 =item Cache precompiled modules
5402 =item Deprecated Wishes
5406 =item Loop control on do{}
5408 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5414 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5416 =item Named prototypes
5418 =item Built-in globbing
5420 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5422 =item Cached hash values
5424 =item Add compression modules
5426 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5428 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5430 =item Make XS easier to use
5432 =item Make embedding easier to use
5436 =item my $Package::variable
5438 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5440 =item "class"-based lexicals
5444 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5446 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5448 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5450 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5456 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
5466 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
5467 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
5468 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
5469 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>,
5470 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
5481 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5489 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5501 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5503 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5507 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5511 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.1
5517 =item Incompatible Changes
5521 =item substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length
5523 =item The C<:unique> attribute is only meaningful for globals
5527 =item Core Enhancements
5533 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5537 =item Stacked filetest operators
5541 =item Modules and Pragmata
5543 Benchmark, Carp, Exporter, FindBin, List::Util, threads::shared
5545 =item Utility Changes
5549 =item Performance Enhancements
5551 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5557 =item Threading bugs
5563 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5565 =item Changed Internals
5569 =item Reordering of SVt_* constants
5571 =item Removal of CPP symbols
5573 =item Less space is used by ops
5579 =item Configuration and Building
5581 =item Known Problems
5585 =item Platform Specific Problems
5589 =item To-do for perl 5.10.0
5591 =item Reporting Bugs
5597 =head2 perl591delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.1
5603 =item Incompatible Changes
5607 =item substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length
5609 =item The C<:unique> attribute is only meaningful for globals
5613 =item Core Enhancements
5619 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5623 =item Stacked filetest operators
5627 =item Modules and Pragmata
5629 Benchmark, Carp, Exporter, FindBin, List::Util, threads::shared
5631 =item Utility Changes
5635 =item Performance Enhancements
5637 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5643 =item Threading bugs
5649 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5651 =item Changed Internals
5655 =item Reordering of SVt_* constants
5657 =item Removal of CPP symbols
5659 =item Less space is used by ops
5665 =item Configuration and Building
5667 =item Known Problems
5671 =item Platform Specific Problems
5675 =item To-do for perl 5.10.0
5677 =item Reporting Bugs
5683 =head2 perl590delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
5689 =item Incompatible Changes
5693 =item Hash Randomisation
5695 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5697 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5699 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5701 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5703 =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
5707 =item Core Enhancements
5713 =item Defined-or operators
5715 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
5717 =item Unsafe signals again available
5719 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5723 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
5725 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5729 =item Modules and Pragmata
5733 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5735 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
5736 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
5737 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
5738 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
5739 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
5740 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
5741 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
5746 =item Utility Changes
5748 =item New Documentation
5750 =item Performance Enhancements
5752 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5756 =item Platform-specific enhancements
5760 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5764 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
5768 =item Platform-specific fixes
5772 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5776 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
5778 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
5780 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
5782 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
5784 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
5786 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
5788 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
5790 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
5792 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
5794 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
5796 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
5800 =item Changed Internals
5804 =item Known Problems
5808 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5810 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
5816 =item Platform Specific Problems
5820 =item EBCDIC Platforms
5822 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
5824 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
5826 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
5828 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
5830 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
5832 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
5838 =item Reporting Bugs
5844 =head2 perl583delta - what is new for perl v5.8.3
5850 =item Incompatible Changes
5852 =item Core Enhancements
5854 =item Modules and Pragmata
5856 CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util,
5857 Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate,
5858 Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared
5860 =item Utility Changes
5862 =item New Documentation
5864 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5866 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5868 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5870 =item Changed Internals
5872 =item Configuration and Building
5874 =item Platform Specific Problems
5876 =item Known Problems
5878 =item Future Directions
5882 =item Reporting Bugs
5888 =head2 perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2
5894 =item Incompatible Changes
5896 =item Core Enhancements
5900 =item Hash Randomisation
5906 =item Modules and Pragmata
5910 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5912 Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64,
5913 Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate,
5914 Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL
5918 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5920 =item Changed Internals
5922 =item Platform Specific Problems
5924 =item Future Directions
5926 =item Reporting Bugs
5932 =head2 perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
5938 =item Incompatible Changes
5942 =item Hash Randomisation
5944 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5946 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5948 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5950 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5954 =item Core Enhancements
5958 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
5960 =item Unsafe signals again available
5962 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5966 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
5968 =item Deprecation Warnings
5970 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5974 =item Modules and Pragmata
5978 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5980 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
5981 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
5982 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
5983 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
5984 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
5985 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
5986 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
5991 =item Utility Changes
5993 =item New Documentation
5995 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5999 =item Platform-specific enhancements
6003 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6007 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
6011 =item Platform-specific fixes
6015 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6019 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
6021 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
6023 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
6025 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
6027 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
6029 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
6031 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
6033 =item New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
6035 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
6037 =item New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
6039 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
6041 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
6043 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
6047 =item Changed Internals
6051 =item Known Problems
6055 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
6057 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
6063 =item Platform Specific Problems
6067 =item EBCDIC Platforms
6069 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
6071 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
6073 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
6075 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
6077 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
6079 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
6083 =item Future Directions
6085 =item Reporting Bugs
6091 =head2 perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
6097 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
6099 =item Incompatible Changes
6103 =item Binary Incompatibility
6105 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
6107 =item AIX Dynaloading
6109 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
6111 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
6113 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
6115 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
6117 =item New Unicode Properties
6119 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
6121 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
6123 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
6129 =item Core Enhancements
6133 =item Unicode Overhaul
6135 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6139 =item Restricted Hashes
6143 =item Understanding of Numbers
6145 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
6147 =item Miscellaneous Changes
6151 =item Modules and Pragmata
6155 =item New Modules and Pragmata
6157 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6161 =item Utility Changes
6163 =item New Documentation
6165 =item Performance Enhancements
6167 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6171 =item Generic Improvements
6173 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6177 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6181 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6185 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6187 =item Changed Internals
6189 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
6193 =item Known Problems
6197 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
6199 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
6201 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6203 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
6205 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
6207 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6209 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
6211 =item PDL failing some tests
6215 =item Self-tying Problems
6217 =item ext/threads/t/libc
6219 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
6221 =item Timing problems
6223 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
6225 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
6229 =item Platform Specific Problems
6235 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
6241 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
6243 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
6245 =item DJGPP Failures
6247 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
6249 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
6251 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
6253 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6255 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
6257 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6261 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
6263 =item OS/2 Test Failures
6265 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
6271 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
6273 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
6275 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
6287 =item XML::Parser not working
6291 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
6293 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
6297 =item Reporting Bugs
6305 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
6313 =item Reporting Bugs
6321 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
6327 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6329 =item Incompatible Changes
6333 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
6335 =item AIX Dynaloading
6337 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
6339 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
6345 =item Core Enhancements
6347 =item Modules and Pragmata
6351 =item New Modules and Distributions
6353 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6357 =item Utility Changes
6359 =item New Documentation
6361 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6365 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6367 =item Generic Improvements
6371 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6375 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6379 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6381 =item Source Code Enhancements
6385 =item MAGIC constants
6387 =item Better commented code
6389 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
6397 =item Known Problems
6403 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
6405 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6407 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
6409 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
6411 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6413 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6417 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
6419 =item Failure of Thread tests
6429 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6431 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6433 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
6435 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6437 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6439 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
6443 =item Reporting Bugs
6451 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
6457 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6459 =item Incompatible Changes
6461 =item Core Enhancements
6465 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
6467 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6469 =item Signals Are Now Safe
6473 =item Modules and Pragmata
6479 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6483 =item Performance Enhancements
6485 =item Utility Changes
6487 =item New Documentation
6503 =item README.solaris
6507 =item Porting/repository.pod
6511 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6515 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6517 =item Generic Improvements
6519 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
6520 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
6521 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
6525 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6529 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6533 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6535 =item Changed Internals
6539 =item Known Problems
6543 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
6545 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6547 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6549 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6553 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6555 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
6557 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
6559 =item Failure of Thread tests
6561 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6563 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6565 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6567 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6571 =item Reporting Bugs
6579 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
6585 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6587 =item Incompatible Changes
6589 =item Core Enhancements
6591 =item Modules and Pragmata
6597 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6601 =item Utility Changes
6603 =item New Documentation
6605 =item Performance Enhancements
6607 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6611 =item Generic Improvements
6615 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6619 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6623 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6625 =item Changed Internals
6627 =item Known Problems
6631 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
6633 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
6635 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6637 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6639 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6641 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
6643 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6645 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
6647 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
6649 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6653 =item Reporting Bugs
6661 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
6667 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
6671 =item Security Issues
6673 =item Core bug fixes
6675 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
6676 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
6677 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
6678 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
6679 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
6680 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
6685 =item Configuration issues
6689 =item Bundled modules
6691 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
6692 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
6693 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
6694 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
6696 =item Platform-specific improvements
6698 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
6702 =item Core Enhancements
6706 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6708 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6710 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6712 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6714 =item "our" declarations
6716 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6718 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6720 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6722 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6724 =item open() with more than two arguments
6726 =item 64-bit support
6728 =item Large file support
6734 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6736 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6738 =item File globbing implemented internally
6740 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6742 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6744 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6746 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6748 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6750 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6752 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6754 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6756 =item Comments in pack() templates
6758 =item Weak references
6760 =item Binary numbers supported
6762 =item Lvalue subroutines
6764 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6766 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6768 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6770 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6772 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6774 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6776 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6778 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6780 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6782 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6784 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6786 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6788 =item Improved diagnostics
6790 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6792 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6794 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6796 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6798 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6800 =item Improved security features
6802 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6804 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6806 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6808 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6810 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6812 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6814 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6818 =item Modules and Pragmata
6824 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6825 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6826 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6827 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6828 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6829 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6830 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6831 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6837 =item Utility Changes
6851 =item The Perl Debugger
6855 =item Improved Documentation
6857 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6858 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6859 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6860 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6862 =item Performance enhancements
6866 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6868 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6870 =item Faster subroutine calls
6872 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6876 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6880 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6882 =item New Configure flags
6884 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6890 =item -Duselargefiles
6892 =item installusrbinperl
6898 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6900 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6904 =item Platform specific changes
6908 =item Supported platforms
6912 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6920 =item Significant bug fixes
6924 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6926 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6928 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6930 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6932 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6934 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6936 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6938 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6940 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6942 =item Locale bugs fixed
6946 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6948 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6950 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6952 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6956 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6958 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6959 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6960 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6961 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6962 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6963 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6964 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6965 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6966 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6967 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6968 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6969 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6970 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6971 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6972 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6973 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6974 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6975 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6976 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6977 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6978 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6979 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6980 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6981 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6982 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6983 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6984 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6985 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6986 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6987 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6988 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6989 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6990 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6991 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6992 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6993 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6994 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6995 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6996 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6997 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6998 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6999 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
7000 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
7001 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
7002 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
7003 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
7004 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
7005 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
7006 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
7007 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
7011 =item Incompatible Changes
7015 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
7017 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
7018 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
7019 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
7020 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
7021 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
7022 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
7023 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
7024 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
7025 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
7026 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
7027 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
7029 =item C Source Incompatibilities
7031 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
7033 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
7035 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
7037 =item Binary Incompatibilities
7041 =item Known Problems
7045 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
7047 =item Known test failures
7049 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
7051 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
7053 =item Arrow operator and arrays
7055 =item Experimental features
7057 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
7058 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
7059 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
7063 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7065 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
7066 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
7067 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
7068 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
7070 =item Reporting Bugs
7078 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
7084 =item Core Enhancements
7088 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
7090 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
7092 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
7094 =item Support for interpolating named characters
7096 =item "our" declarations
7098 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
7100 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
7102 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
7104 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
7106 =item open() with more than two arguments
7108 =item 64-bit support
7110 =item Large file support
7116 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
7118 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
7120 =item File globbing implemented internally
7122 =item Support for CHECK blocks
7124 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
7126 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
7128 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
7130 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
7132 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
7134 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
7136 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
7138 =item Comments in pack() templates
7140 =item Weak references
7142 =item Binary numbers supported
7144 =item Lvalue subroutines
7146 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
7148 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
7150 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
7152 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
7154 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
7156 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
7158 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
7160 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
7162 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
7164 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
7166 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
7168 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
7170 =item Improved diagnostics
7172 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
7174 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
7176 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
7178 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
7180 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
7182 =item Improved security features
7184 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
7186 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
7188 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
7190 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
7192 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
7194 =item Optional Y2K warnings
7196 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
7200 =item Modules and Pragmata
7206 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
7207 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
7208 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
7209 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
7210 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
7211 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
7212 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
7213 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
7219 =item Utility Changes
7233 =item The Perl Debugger
7237 =item Improved Documentation
7239 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
7240 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
7241 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
7242 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
7244 =item Performance enhancements
7248 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
7250 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
7252 =item Faster subroutine calls
7254 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
7258 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7262 =item -Dusethreads means something different
7264 =item New Configure flags
7266 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
7272 =item -Duselargefiles
7274 =item installusrbinperl
7280 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
7284 =item Platform specific changes
7288 =item Supported platforms
7292 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
7300 =item Significant bug fixes
7304 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
7306 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
7308 =item All compilation errors are true errors
7310 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
7312 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
7314 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
7316 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
7318 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
7320 =item Failures in DESTROY()
7322 =item Locale bugs fixed
7326 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
7328 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
7330 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
7332 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
7336 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7338 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
7339 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
7340 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
7341 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
7342 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
7343 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
7344 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
7345 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
7346 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
7347 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
7348 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
7349 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
7350 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
7351 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
7352 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
7353 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
7354 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
7355 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
7356 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
7357 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
7358 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
7359 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
7360 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
7361 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
7362 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
7363 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
7364 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
7365 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
7366 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
7367 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
7368 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
7369 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
7370 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
7371 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
7372 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
7373 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
7374 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
7375 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
7376 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
7377 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
7378 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
7379 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
7380 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
7381 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
7382 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
7383 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
7384 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
7385 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
7386 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
7387 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
7391 =item Incompatible Changes
7395 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
7397 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
7398 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
7399 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
7400 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
7401 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
7402 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
7403 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
7404 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
7405 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
7406 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
7407 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
7409 =item C Source Incompatibilities
7411 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
7413 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
7415 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
7417 =item Binary Incompatibilities
7421 =item Known Problems
7425 =item Thread test failures
7427 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
7429 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
7431 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
7433 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
7436 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
7438 =item Arrow operator and arrays
7440 =item Experimental features
7442 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
7443 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
7444 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
7448 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7450 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
7451 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
7452 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
7453 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
7455 =item Reporting Bugs
7463 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
7469 =item About the new versioning system
7471 =item Incompatible Changes
7475 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
7477 =item Default installation structure has changed
7479 =item Perl Source Compatibility
7481 =item C Source Compatibility
7483 =item Binary Compatibility
7485 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
7487 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
7501 =item Regular Expressions
7503 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
7504 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
7505 improvements, Incompatible changes
7507 =item Improved malloc()
7509 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
7511 =item Reliable signals
7513 =item Reliable stack pointers
7515 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
7519 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
7521 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
7523 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
7525 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
7527 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
7529 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
7531 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
7533 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
7535 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
7537 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
7539 =item Better locale support
7541 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
7543 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
7545 =item Extended support for exception handling
7547 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
7549 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
7551 =item New C<INIT> keyword
7553 =item New C<lock> keyword
7555 =item New C<qr//> operator
7557 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
7559 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
7561 =item Tied handles support is better
7563 =item 4th argument to substr
7565 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
7567 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
7569 =item <> now reads in records
7573 =item Supported Platforms
7579 =item Changes in existing support
7583 =item Modules and Pragmata
7589 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
7590 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
7591 Thread, attrs, fields, re
7593 =item Changes in existing modules
7595 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
7596 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
7600 =item Utility Changes
7602 =item Documentation Changes
7604 =item New Diagnostics
7606 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
7607 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
7608 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
7609 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
7610 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
7611 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
7612 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
7613 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
7614 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
7615 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
7616 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
7617 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
7618 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
7619 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
7620 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
7621 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
7622 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
7624 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7626 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
7627 temporary file, regexp too big
7629 =item Configuration Changes
7639 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
7645 =item Supported Environments
7651 =item List assignment to %ENV works
7653 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
7655 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
7657 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
7659 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
7661 =item More precise warnings
7663 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
7665 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
7667 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
7669 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
7671 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
7673 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
7675 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
7677 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
7679 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
7681 =item Changes to tainting checks
7683 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
7684 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
7686 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
7688 =item Embedding improvements
7690 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
7692 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
7694 =item New and changed syntax
7698 =item New and changed builtin constants
7702 =item New and changed builtin variables
7706 =item New and changed builtin functions
7708 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
7709 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
7710 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
7711 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
7712 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
7714 =item New builtin methods
7716 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
7718 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
7720 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
7721 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
7723 =item Malloc enhancements
7725 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
7727 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
7731 =item Support for More Operating Systems
7747 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
7748 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
7754 =item Required Updates
7756 =item Installation directories
7758 =item Module information summary
7772 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
7776 =item Utility Changes
7782 Sends converted HTML to standard output
7786 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
7790 =item C Language API Changes
7792 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
7795 =item Documentation Changes
7797 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
7798 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
7800 =item New Diagnostics
7802 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
7803 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
7804 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
7805 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
7806 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
7807 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
7808 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
7809 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
7810 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
7811 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
7812 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
7813 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
7814 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
7815 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
7816 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
7817 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
7818 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
7819 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
7820 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
7821 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
7822 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
7823 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
7824 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
7825 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
7826 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
7836 =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
7844 =item The "Artistic License"
7852 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
7853 copying fee", "Freely Available"
7857 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
7863 =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
7875 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7879 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7887 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7891 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7893 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7895 =item The usenm option
7897 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7899 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7905 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7915 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7931 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7933 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7935 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7937 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7943 =item Accessing documentation
7947 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7949 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7951 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7953 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7957 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7961 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7963 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7965 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7967 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7969 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7973 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7981 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
7991 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7999 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
8001 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
8005 =item Contact Information
8007 =item Update 2002-05-30
8013 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
8023 =item gzip on BS2000
8025 =item bison on BS2000
8027 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
8029 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
8031 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
8033 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
8035 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
8037 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
8039 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
8041 =item Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions
8059 =head2 perlce - Perl for WinCE
8071 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
8072 celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources
8076 go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run
8081 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
8087 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
8093 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
8097 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
8099 =item Cygwin Configuration
8101 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
8105 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
8109 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
8111 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
8113 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
8114 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
8116 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
8118 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
8119 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
8122 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
8124 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
8128 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
8132 =item Errors on Cygwin
8138 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
8142 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
8144 =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
8146 =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
8148 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
8150 Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
8154 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
8156 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
8158 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
8159 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
8161 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
8169 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
8181 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
8185 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
8187 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
8189 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
8191 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
8201 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
8211 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
8215 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
8217 =item Building Perl on DOS
8219 =item Testing Perl on DOS
8221 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
8225 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
8229 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
8231 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
8233 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
8235 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
8245 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
8253 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
8255 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
8259 =item Editors on Epoc
8261 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
8263 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
8265 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
8269 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
8277 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
8285 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
8287 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
8289 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
8297 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
8306 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
8308 =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
8310 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
8322 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
8324 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
8326 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
8328 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
8330 =item The GNU C Compiler
8332 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
8334 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
8336 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
8338 =item Oracle on HP-UX
8340 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
8342 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
8344 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
8346 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
8350 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8358 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
8366 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
8374 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
8382 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
8384 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
8386 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
8388 =item Linker Problems in Irix
8390 =item Malloc in Irix
8392 =item Building with threads in Irix
8402 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
8411 =item Perl version 5.8.x and greater not supported
8413 =item Compiling Perl 5.6.x on MachTen
8415 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
8417 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
8419 =item Building external modules on MachTen
8429 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
8443 =head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
8453 =item Installation Prefix
8455 =item libperl and Prebinding
8457 =item Updating Panther
8459 =item Known problems
8469 =item Starting From Scratch
8477 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
8483 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
8489 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
8497 =item Binary distribution from HP
8499 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
8501 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
8503 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
8505 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
8507 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
8509 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
8510 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
8512 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
8516 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
8518 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
8520 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
8522 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
8524 =item Perl/iX Change History
8530 =head2 perlnetware - Perl for NetWare
8544 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
8556 =item BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS
8558 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
8566 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
8586 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
8588 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
8590 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
8594 =item Frequently asked questions
8598 =item "It does not work"
8600 =item I cannot run external programs
8602 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
8605 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
8608 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
8610 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
8618 =item Automatic binary installation
8620 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
8622 =item Manual binary installation
8624 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
8625 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
8626 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
8627 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
8628 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
8634 =item Accessing documentation
8638 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
8646 =item GNU C<info> files
8658 =item The short story
8662 =item Getting perl source
8664 =item Application of the patches
8672 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
8675 =item Installing the built perl
8677 =item C<a.out>-style build
8681 =item Building a binary distribution
8683 =item Building custom F<.EXE> files
8687 =item Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded
8690 =item Making executables with a custom search-paths
8698 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
8700 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
8702 =item Problems with tr or sed
8704 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
8706 =item Library ... not found
8708 =item Segfault in make
8710 =item op/sprintf test failure
8714 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
8718 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
8722 =item C<extproc> on the first line
8724 =item Additional modules:
8726 =item Prebuilt methods:
8728 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
8729 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
8730 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
8731 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
8732 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
8733 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
8734 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
8735 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
8736 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
8737 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
8738 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
8739 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
8741 =item Prebuilt variables:
8743 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
8750 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
8753 =item Identifying DLLs
8755 =item Centralized management of resources
8757 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
8758 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
8759 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
8760 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
8774 =item F<perl___.exe>
8776 =item Why strange names?
8778 =item Why dynamic linking?
8780 =item Why chimera build?
8788 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
8790 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
8792 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
8794 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
8796 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
8798 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
8806 =item Text-mode filehandles
8810 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
8812 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
8814 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
8817 =item DLL forwarder generation
8821 =item Calls to external programs
8823 =item Memory allocation
8827 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
8843 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
8856 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
8858 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
8860 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
8862 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
8864 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8866 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8868 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8870 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
8872 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8874 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
8884 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
8892 =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
8900 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
8902 =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
8904 =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
8906 =item Known Problems
8916 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
8926 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
8928 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
8930 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
8932 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
8936 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
8940 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
8952 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
8960 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
8962 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
8964 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
8966 =item QNX auxiliary files
8970 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
8978 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
8986 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
8992 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
8998 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
9000 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
9002 =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
9006 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
9010 =item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
9012 =item Threads in perl on Solaris.
9014 =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
9018 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
9020 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
9021 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
9022 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
9028 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
9030 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
9034 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
9036 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
9040 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
9044 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
9046 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
9050 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
9052 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
9054 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
9066 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
9067 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
9075 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
9077 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
9079 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
9081 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
9083 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
9085 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
9087 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
9091 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
9093 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
9095 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
9101 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
9109 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
9111 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
9117 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
9127 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
9129 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
9131 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
9133 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
9135 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
9145 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
9151 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
9159 =item Organization of Perl Images
9165 =item Perl Extensions
9167 =item Installing static extensions
9169 =item Installing dynamic extensions
9173 =item File specifications
9179 =item Wildcard expansion
9185 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
9191 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
9193 =item Command line switches
9199 =item Perl functions
9201 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
9202 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
9203 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
9204 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
9206 =item Perl variables
9208 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
9210 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
9224 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
9230 =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
9232 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
9234 =item USING PERL IN VOS
9238 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
9240 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
9246 =item SUPPORT STATUS
9254 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
9264 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
9266 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
9267 SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW32 with gcc, MinGW release 1
9271 =item Testing Perl on Win32
9273 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
9275 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
9277 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
9278 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
9279 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
9281 =item Running Perl Scripts
9283 Miscellaneous Things
9287 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
9289 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
9293 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
9294 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
9295 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
9303 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
9305 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
9317 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
9327 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
9328 data structures between threads
9340 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
9341 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
9342 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9354 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9363 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9364 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9365 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9369 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9375 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
9376 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
9378 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9384 =head2 assertions - select assertions in blocks of code
9396 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9400 =head2 assertions::activate - activate assertions
9412 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9416 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
9426 =item Built-in Attributes
9428 locked, method, lvalue
9430 =item Available Subroutines
9434 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
9436 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
9438 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
9446 =item Default exports
9448 =item Available exports
9450 =item Export tags defined
9460 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
9476 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
9492 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
9504 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9508 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
9530 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
9542 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9548 inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
9552 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
9570 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
9594 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
9595 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
9596 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
9597 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
9598 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
9608 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
9622 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
9637 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
9646 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
9648 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
9652 =item Anonymous hashes
9656 =item Alias shortcut
9660 =item charnames::viacode(code)
9662 =item charnames::vianame(name)
9666 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
9672 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
9684 =item List constants
9686 =item Defining multiple constants at once
9688 =item Magic constants
9692 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
9702 =head2 diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics
9712 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
9714 =item The I<splain> Program
9728 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
9738 =item Literal Conversions
9740 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
9742 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
9746 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
9748 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
9752 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
9753 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
9755 =item The Filter Option
9759 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
9769 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
9771 =item tr/// with ranges
9773 Legend of characters above
9777 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
9779 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
9781 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
9789 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
9803 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
9813 =item subpragma access
9819 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
9833 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
9844 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
9854 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
9864 =item Adding directories to @INC
9866 =item Deleting directories from @INC
9868 =item Restoring original @INC
9882 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
9893 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
9901 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
9903 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
9909 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
9921 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
9931 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
9933 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
9935 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
9937 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
9939 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
9941 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
9943 =item Overloadable Operations
9945 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
9946 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
9947 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
9949 =item Inheritance and overloading
9951 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
9952 is inherited by derived classes
9956 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
9964 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
9966 =item Copy Constructor
9972 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
9974 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
9975 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
9976 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
9979 =item Losing overloading
9981 =item Run-time Overloading
9983 =item Public functions
9985 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
9987 =item Overloading constants
9989 integer, float, binary, q, qr
9991 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9993 =item Metaphor clash
9999 =item Two-face scalars
10001 =item Two-face references
10003 =item Symbolic calculator
10005 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
10013 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
10014 type, `%s' is not a code reference
10020 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
10032 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
10034 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
10038 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
10042 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
10050 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
10062 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
10070 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
10076 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
10086 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
10087 structures between threads
10099 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
10100 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
10101 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
10113 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
10124 =item Utility functions
10126 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
10127 FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag =
10128 utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
10138 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
10148 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
10158 =item What IS a version
10160 Numeric Versions, Quoted Versions
10162 =item What about v-strings?
10164 =item Numeric Versions
10166 =item Quoted Versions
10168 =item Object Methods
10170 New Operator, qv(), Stringification, Numification, Comparison operators,
10175 =item Types of Versions Objects
10177 Ordinary versions, Alpha versions
10179 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
10191 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
10199 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
10203 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
10211 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
10212 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
10213 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
10214 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
10215 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
10219 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
10229 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
10231 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
10241 =item DBM Comparisons
10251 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
10261 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
10265 =item Typed lexicals
10267 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
10269 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
10271 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
10273 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
10281 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
10282 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
10283 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
10284 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
10285 be able to apply END handler>
10295 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
10305 =item Subroutine Stubs
10307 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10309 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10311 =item Package Lexicals
10313 =item Not Using AutoLoader
10315 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
10325 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
10333 $keep, $check, $modtime
10337 =item Multiple packages
10345 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
10355 =item Utility Functions
10359 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
10362 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
10363 check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
10365 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
10367 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
10369 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
10371 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
10373 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
10375 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
10376 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
10380 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
10384 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
10386 =item B::SV Methods
10388 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
10390 =item B::IV Methods
10392 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
10394 =item B::NV Methods
10398 =item B::RV Methods
10402 =item B::PV Methods
10406 =item B::PVMG Methods
10410 =item B::MAGIC Methods
10412 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
10414 =item B::PVLV Methods
10416 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
10418 =item B::BM Methods
10420 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
10422 =item B::GV Methods
10424 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
10425 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
10427 =item B::IO Methods
10429 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
10430 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
10432 =item B::AV Methods
10434 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS
10436 =item B::CV Methods
10438 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
10439 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
10441 =item B::HV Methods
10443 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
10445 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
10447 =item B::OP Methods
10449 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
10451 =item B::UNOP METHOD
10455 =item B::BINOP METHOD
10459 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
10463 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
10467 =item B::PMOP Methods
10469 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
10470 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
10472 =item B::SVOP METHOD
10476 =item B::PADOP METHOD
10480 =item B::PVOP METHOD
10484 =item B::LOOP Methods
10486 redoop, nextop, lastop
10488 =item B::COP Methods
10490 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io
10498 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
10507 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
10513 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
10525 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10545 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10557 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10567 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
10577 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
10578 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
10579 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
10590 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
10600 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
10601 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
10602 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
10614 =item Context of ".."
10618 =item Deprecated features
10626 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
10638 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
10639 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
10640 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
10642 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
10644 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
10645 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
10646 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
10647 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
10648 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
10649 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
10650 B<#seq>, B<#opt>, B<#static>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>,
10651 B<#svval>, B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
10653 =item ABBREVIATIONS
10657 =item OP flags abbreviations
10659 =item OP class abbreviations
10663 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
10669 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
10681 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
10691 B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
10692 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
10694 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
10704 =item ambient_pragmas
10706 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
10718 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
10730 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
10738 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
10740 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<bare-subs>,
10741 B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
10742 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
10744 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
10754 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
10764 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10772 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
10784 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
10796 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
10798 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
10810 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
10820 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
10828 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10848 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
10862 =item Standard Exports
10864 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
10865 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
10866 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
10868 =item Optional Exports
10870 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
10871 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
10872 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
10874 =item :hireswallclock
10890 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
10894 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
10908 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10920 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10930 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
10942 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
10944 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
10946 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
10948 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
10950 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
10952 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
10954 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
10956 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
10958 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
10960 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
10962 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
10964 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
10966 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
10968 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
10970 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
10972 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
10974 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
10976 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
10977 B<:standard>, B<:all>
10981 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
10982 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
10985 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
10987 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
10988 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
10993 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
10997 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
10999 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
11001 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
11003 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
11005 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
11007 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
11009 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
11011 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
11012 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
11014 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
11018 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
11022 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
11024 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
11026 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
11028 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
11030 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
11032 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
11033 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
11035 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
11039 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
11043 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
11045 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
11047 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
11049 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
11053 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
11055 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
11057 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
11061 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
11063 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
11065 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
11069 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
11073 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
11077 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
11081 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
11085 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
11087 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
11089 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
11093 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
11095 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
11096 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
11098 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
11104 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
11105 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
11107 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
11109 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
11110 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
11113 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
11119 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
11123 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
11125 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
11126 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
11127 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
11128 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
11129 B<virtual_port ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name
11130 ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
11132 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
11134 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
11139 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
11141 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
11143 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
11144 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
11146 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
11148 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11152 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
11153 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
11154 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
11155 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
11156 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
11157 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
11158 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
11159 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
11160 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
11161 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
11162 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
11163 ...and many many more..
11165 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
11173 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
11183 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11191 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
11200 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
11202 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
11206 =item Changing the default message
11210 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
11212 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
11220 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
11228 =item USING CGI::Cookie
11230 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
11234 =item Creating New Cookies
11236 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
11238 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
11240 =item Manipulating Cookies
11242 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
11246 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11254 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
11262 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
11264 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
11266 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
11268 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
11270 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
11272 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
11276 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11284 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
11294 =item Tags that won't be formatted
11296 =item Customizing the Indenting
11308 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
11316 =item USING CGI::Push
11318 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
11322 =item Heterogeneous Pages
11324 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
11328 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
11330 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11338 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
11348 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11356 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
11364 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11370 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
11382 =item Interactive Mode
11384 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
11385 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
11386 distribution, ls author, Signals
11394 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
11396 =item Programmer's interface
11398 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
11400 =item Methods in the other Classes
11402 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
11403 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
11404 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
11405 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
11406 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
11407 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
11408 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
11409 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
11410 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
11411 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
11412 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
11413 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
11414 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
11415 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
11416 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
11417 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
11418 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
11419 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
11420 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
11421 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
11422 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
11423 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
11424 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
11425 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
11426 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
11427 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
11429 =item Cache Manager
11433 =item Prerequisites
11435 =item Finding packages and VERSION
11439 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
11443 =item CONFIGURATION
11445 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
11446 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
11447 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
11448 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
11452 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
11454 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
11462 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
11464 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
11468 =item Three basic types of firewalls
11470 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
11472 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
11478 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
11490 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
11500 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
11513 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
11523 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
11531 =head2 Carp::Heavy - heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
11533 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
11543 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
11544 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
11545 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
11547 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
11555 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
11565 =item The C<struct()> function
11567 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
11569 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
11571 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
11572 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
11574 =item Initializing with C<new>
11580 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
11582 =item Author and Modification History
11586 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
11594 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
11606 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
11610 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
11611 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
11612 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
11613 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
11617 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
11621 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
11622 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
11623 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
11624 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
11625 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
11626 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
11627 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
11631 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
11632 C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>,
11633 C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>,
11634 C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>,
11635 C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>,
11636 C<d_const>, C<d_copysignl>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>,
11637 C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>,
11638 C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>,
11639 C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>,
11640 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>,
11641 C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>,
11642 C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>,
11643 C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>,
11644 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
11645 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>,
11646 C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>,
11647 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>,
11648 C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>,
11649 C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>,
11650 C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>,
11651 C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>,
11652 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
11653 C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>,
11654 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>,
11655 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
11656 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
11657 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
11658 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
11659 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
11660 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
11661 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
11662 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
11663 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
11664 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
11665 C<d_htonl>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
11666 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
11667 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>,
11668 C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>,
11669 C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>,
11670 C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>,
11671 C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>,
11672 C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_modflproto>,
11673 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
11674 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
11675 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
11676 C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>,
11677 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
11678 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
11679 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
11680 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
11681 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
11682 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
11683 C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
11684 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
11685 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
11686 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
11687 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
11688 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>,
11689 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
11690 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
11691 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
11692 C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>,
11693 C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>,
11694 C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
11695 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>,
11696 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
11697 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
11698 C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
11699 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
11700 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
11701 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
11702 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>,
11703 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
11704 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
11705 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
11706 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
11707 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>,
11708 C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
11709 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
11710 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
11711 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
11712 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
11713 C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>, C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>,
11714 C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
11715 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
11716 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
11717 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
11718 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
11719 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
11720 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
11721 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
11722 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
11726 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
11727 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
11728 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
11729 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
11733 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
11734 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
11739 C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
11740 C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
11741 C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
11742 C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
11743 C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
11744 C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
11745 C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
11746 C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
11747 C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
11748 C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
11752 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
11753 C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
11757 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
11758 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
11759 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
11760 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
11761 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
11762 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
11763 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
11764 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
11765 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
11766 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
11767 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
11768 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
11769 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
11770 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
11771 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
11772 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
11773 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
11774 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
11775 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>,
11776 C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>,
11777 C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
11778 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitehtml1dir>,
11779 C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>, C<installsiteman1dir>,
11780 C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>, C<installstyle>,
11781 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
11782 C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>, C<installvendorlib>,
11783 C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>, C<installvendorscript>,
11784 C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
11788 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
11792 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
11793 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
11794 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
11795 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
11796 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
11797 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
11802 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
11803 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
11804 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
11808 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>,
11809 C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>,
11814 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
11815 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
11816 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
11817 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
11818 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
11822 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
11823 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
11827 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
11828 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
11832 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
11833 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
11834 C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>,
11835 C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
11839 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
11843 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
11844 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
11845 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
11849 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
11850 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
11851 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
11852 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
11853 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
11854 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
11855 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
11856 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>,
11857 C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>,
11858 C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>,
11859 C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>,
11860 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
11861 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
11862 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
11863 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
11864 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>,
11865 C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
11866 C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
11867 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>,
11868 C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
11872 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
11873 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
11878 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
11879 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
11880 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
11881 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
11882 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>,
11883 C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>,
11884 C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>,
11885 C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>,
11886 C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>,
11891 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
11892 C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>,
11893 C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>,
11894 C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>,
11895 C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>,
11896 C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
11897 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
11905 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
11917 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
11927 =item getcwd and friends
11929 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
11931 =item abs_path and friends
11933 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
11947 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
11959 =item Global Variables
11961 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
11962 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
11967 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
11968 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
11970 =item Client Callback Methods
11972 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
11973 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
11974 CLIENT->output(LIST)
11984 =head2 DBM_Filter -- Filter DBM keys/values
11992 =item What is a DBM Filter?
11996 =item So what's new?
12004 =item $db->Filter_Push()
12006 =item $db->Filter_Key_Push()
12008 =item $db->Filter_Value_Push()
12010 Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push
12012 =item $db->Filter_Pop()
12014 =item $db->Filtered()
12018 =item Writing a Filter
12022 =item Immediate Filters
12024 =item Canned Filters
12030 =item Filters Included
12032 utf8, encode, compress, int32, null
12038 =item Maintain Round Trip Integrity
12040 =item Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file.
12052 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
12060 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
12064 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
12066 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
12068 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
12070 =item Default Parameters
12072 =item In Memory Databases
12080 =item A Simple Example
12088 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
12090 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
12092 =item The get_dup() Method
12094 =item The find_dup() Method
12096 =item The del_dup() Method
12098 =item Matching Partial Keys
12106 =item The 'bval' Option
12108 =item A Simple Example
12110 =item Extra RECNO Methods
12112 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
12113 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
12114 length, elements);>
12116 =item Another Example
12120 =item THE API INTERFACE
12122 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
12123 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
12124 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
12125 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
12129 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
12130 B<filter_fetch_value>
12136 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
12138 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
12142 =item HINTS AND TIPS
12146 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
12148 =item Safe ways to lock a database
12150 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
12152 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
12154 =item The untie() Gotcha
12158 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
12162 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
12164 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
12166 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
12168 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
12188 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
12189 printing and C<eval>
12201 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
12202 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
12203 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
12210 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
12236 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
12244 =item PROFILE FORMAT
12256 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
12278 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
12288 =item Runtime debugging
12290 =item Memory footprint debugging
12298 =item A simple scalar string
12300 =item A simple scalar number
12302 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
12304 =item A reference to a simple scalar
12306 =item A reference to an array
12308 =item A reference to a hash
12310 =item Dumping a large array or hash
12312 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
12314 =item A reference to a subroutine
12328 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
12338 =head2 Digest - Modules that calculate message digests
12346 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
12350 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
12351 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
12352 $ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits(
12353 $data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest,
12354 $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
12364 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
12374 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
12378 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
12379 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits),
12380 $md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
12392 =head2 Digest::base - Digest base class
12404 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
12416 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
12428 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
12429 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
12430 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
12435 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
12436 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
12442 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
12450 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
12451 @dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(),
12452 dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(),
12453 dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(),
12454 dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
12460 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
12471 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
12473 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
12477 =item Order of initialization: early load()
12481 =item The most hairy case
12491 =head2 Encode - character encodings
12499 =item Table of Contents
12511 =item PERL ENCODING API
12513 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
12514 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
12515 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
12520 =item Listing available encodings
12522 =item Defining Aliases
12526 =item Encoding via PerlIO
12528 =item Handling Malformed Data
12530 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
12531 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
12532 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
12533 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
12538 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
12542 =item Defining Encodings
12544 =item The UTF-8 flag
12546 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
12550 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
12552 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
12562 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
12570 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12575 =item Alias overloading
12583 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
12597 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12599 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
12615 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
12617 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
12619 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
12633 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
12643 =item Methods you should implement
12645 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12646 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12648 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12650 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
12652 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12656 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12660 =item Compiled Encodings
12666 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12670 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
12680 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12681 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12682 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12692 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
12702 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
12710 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12712 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
12714 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
12728 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
12730 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
12746 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
12752 =item How does it work?
12754 =item Line Buffering
12758 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12766 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
12774 =item Encoding Names
12778 =item Supported Encodings
12782 =item Built-in Encodings
12784 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12786 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12788 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12789 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12791 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12793 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12794 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12795 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12797 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12799 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12803 =item Unsupported encodings
12805 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12806 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12807 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12808 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12810 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12812 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12816 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12818 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12824 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12825 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12832 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12833 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12837 =item Other Notable Sites
12839 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12840 "Introduction to i18n"
12842 =item Offline sources
12844 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12850 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
12864 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
12880 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
12888 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
12890 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
12896 =item by endianness
12898 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
12902 =item Surrogate Pairs
12908 =head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
12922 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
12931 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12936 =item Alias overloading
12944 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
12945 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12947 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
12950 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
12953 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
12954 Implementation Base Class
12964 =item Methods you should implement
12966 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12967 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12969 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12971 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
12973 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12977 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12981 =item Compiled Encodings
12987 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12991 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
13002 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
13003 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
13004 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
13014 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
13015 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
13017 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
13020 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
13023 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
13024 and 'Q' header encoding
13040 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
13041 on Encode and PerlIO
13047 =item How does it work?
13049 =item Line Buffering
13053 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
13061 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
13062 supported by Encode
13070 =item Encoding Names
13074 =item Supported Encodings
13078 =item Built-in Encodings
13080 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
13082 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
13084 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
13085 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
13087 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
13089 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
13090 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
13091 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
13093 =item Miscellaneous encodings
13095 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
13099 =item Unsupported encodings
13101 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
13102 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
13103 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
13104 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
13106 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
13108 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
13112 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
13114 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
13120 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
13121 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
13128 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
13129 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
13133 =item Other Notable Sites
13135 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
13136 "Introduction to i18n"
13138 =item Offline sources
13140 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
13146 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
13161 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
13173 =item Predefined Methods
13175 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
13176 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
13177 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
13179 =item Example: base64 transcoder
13181 =item Operator Overloading
13189 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
13190 non-ascii or non-utf8
13200 =item Literal Conversions
13202 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
13204 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
13208 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
13210 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
13214 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
13215 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
13217 =item The Filter Option
13221 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
13231 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
13233 =item tr/// with ranges
13235 Legend of characters above
13239 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
13241 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
13243 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
13251 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
13263 =item Predefined Methods
13265 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
13266 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
13267 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
13269 =item Example: base64 transcoder
13271 =item Operator Overloading
13279 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
13292 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
13307 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
13323 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
13333 =item How to Export
13335 =item Selecting What To Export
13337 =item How to Import
13339 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
13343 =item Advanced features
13347 =item Specialised Import Lists
13349 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
13351 =item Exporting without inheriting from Exporter
13353 =item Module Version Checking
13355 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
13357 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
13359 =item Generating combined tags
13361 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
13367 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
13377 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
13398 mv source... destination
13400 cp source... destination
13420 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
13434 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
13436 B<perllocal_install>
13440 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
13450 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
13458 perl_stringify NAME
13462 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
13464 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
13468 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
13476 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
13479 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13481 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
13483 WriteMakefileSnippet
13485 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
13486 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13494 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
13506 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
13507 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
13517 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
13535 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
13547 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>
13555 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
13567 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
13568 packlist(), version()
13576 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
13584 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
13585 dynamic extensions at load time
13591 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
13601 =item VMS implementation
13603 =item Win32 implementation
13611 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
13621 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
13629 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
13637 blibdirs_target (o)
13641 =item File::Spec wrappers
13649 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
13665 makemakerdflt_target
13685 metafile_addtomanifest_target
13687 signature_addtomanifest_target
13691 =item Abstract methods
13693 oneliner, B<quote_literal>, B<escape_newlines>, max_exec_len,
13694 B<init_others>, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform,
13707 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13708 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13722 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13723 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13737 replace_manpage_separator (o)
13741 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13751 =item Overridden methods
13759 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13769 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13770 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13792 init_platform, platform_constants
13798 special_targets (o)
13808 clean_subdirs_target
13812 realclean_subdirs_target
13820 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13821 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13833 init_platform (o), platform_constants
13841 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13842 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13860 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13870 =item Overridden methods
13878 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13888 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13914 clean_subdirs_target
13926 dir_target B<DEPRECATED>
13976 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
14006 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
14050 post_initialize (o)
14064 realclean_subdirs_target
14066 replace_manpage_separator
14088 test_via_harness (override)
14090 test_via_script (override)
14114 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14115 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14125 =item Methods always loaded
14137 guess_name (override)
14141 find_perl (override)
14143 maybe_command (override)
14145 perl_script (override)
14147 replace_manpage_separator
14153 init_main (override)
14155 init_others (override)
14157 init_platform (override)
14161 init_VERSION (override)
14163 constants (override)
14169 const_cccmd (override)
14171 tool_sxubpp (override)
14173 tools_other (override)
14175 init_dist (override)
14185 dynamic_lib (override)
14187 dynamic_bs (override)
14189 static_lib (override)
14191 processPL (override)
14193 installbin (override)
14195 subdir_x (override)
14199 clean_subdirs_target
14201 realclean (override)
14203 zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o)
14205 dist_test (override)
14209 perldepend (override)
14211 makefile (override)
14213 find_tests (override)
14217 makeaperl (override)
14219 nicetext (override)
14221 prefixify (override)
14241 blibdirs_target (override)
14243 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14244 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14256 =item Overridden methods
14262 replace_manpage_separator
14272 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
14274 special_targets (o)
14296 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
14306 =item Overriden methods
14322 clean_subdirs_target
14324 realclean_subdirs_target
14336 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
14346 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
14356 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
14358 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
14366 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
14370 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
14372 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
14374 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
14376 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
14378 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
14379 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
14380 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
14381 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
14382 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
14383 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
14384 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH,
14385 INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR,
14386 INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
14387 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
14388 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
14389 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT,
14390 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
14391 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW,
14392 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
14393 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
14394 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST,
14395 VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
14397 =item Additional lowercase attributes
14399 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
14400 test, tool_autosplit
14402 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
14404 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
14406 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
14408 =item Hintsfile support
14410 =item Distribution Support
14412 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
14413 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
14414 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
14416 =item Module Meta-Data
14418 =item Disabling an extension
14420 =item Other Handy Functions
14428 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
14438 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
14447 =item Module Installation
14449 How do I keep from installing man pages?, How do I use a module without
14452 =item Philosophy and History
14454 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What is
14455 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
14456 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
14458 =item Module Writing
14460 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
14461 this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!
14465 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
14466 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
14479 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
14493 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
14502 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version-agnostic bytes.pm
14512 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
14522 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
14560 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
14564 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
14572 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
14573 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
14577 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
14585 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
14597 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
14607 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
14616 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
14624 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
14636 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
14644 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
14654 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
14666 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
14676 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
14680 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
14688 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
14692 C<basename>, C<dirname>
14696 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
14710 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
14724 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
14734 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
14736 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
14748 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
14758 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
14770 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
14778 B<find>, B<finddepth>
14784 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
14785 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
14786 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
14788 =item The wanted function
14790 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
14791 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
14792 pathname to the file
14800 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
14804 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
14810 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
14818 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
14819 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
14820 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
14824 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
14832 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
14846 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
14856 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
14857 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
14858 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
14866 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
14878 file_name_is_absolute
14882 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
14902 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
14920 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
14948 file_name_is_absolute
14970 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
14982 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
15015 file_name_is_absolute
15037 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
15053 =item Methods always loaded
15055 canonpath (override)
15073 case_tolerant (override)
15077 file_name_is_absolute (override)
15079 splitpath (override)
15081 splitdir (override)
15095 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
15121 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
15131 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
15167 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
15181 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
15191 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
15199 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
15211 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
15213 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
15225 =item Temporary files and NFS
15237 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
15253 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
15261 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
15271 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
15279 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
15285 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
15299 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
15301 =item All-in-one interface
15303 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
15305 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
15308 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
15310 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
15311 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
15312 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
15314 described in the previous section.
15316 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
15318 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
15330 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
15340 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
15344 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
15346 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
15354 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
15356 =item Example 2: Using the context
15358 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
15360 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
15364 =item Filter::Simple
15372 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
15380 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
15392 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
15408 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
15416 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
15418 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
15422 =item Simple options
15424 =item A little bit less simple options
15426 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
15428 =item Options with values
15430 =item Options with multiple values
15432 =item Options with hash values
15434 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
15436 =item Options with multiple names
15438 =item Case and abbreviations
15440 =item Summary of Option Specifications
15442 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
15447 =item Advanced Possibilities
15451 =item Object oriented interface
15453 =item Thread Safety
15455 =item Documentation and help texts
15457 =item Storing options in a hash
15461 =item The lonesome dash
15463 =item Argument callback
15467 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
15469 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
15470 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
15471 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
15472 (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
15473 (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
15474 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
15476 =item Exportable Methods
15478 VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
15480 =item Return values and Errors
15486 =item Default destinations
15488 =item Alternative option starters
15490 =item Configuration variables
15494 =item Trouble Shooting
15498 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
15501 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
15503 =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
15505 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
15511 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15515 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches
15516 with switch clustering
15524 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
15528 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
15538 =item Restricted hashes
15540 lock_keys, unlock_keys
15546 lock_value, unlock_value
15548 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
15562 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
15573 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
15584 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
15586 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
15588 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
15590 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
15592 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
15594 the function super_languages($lang1)
15596 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
15598 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
15600 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
15602 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
15606 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
15608 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
15618 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
15626 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
15628 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
15630 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
15631 Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
15632 Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
15633 {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
15634 {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
15635 {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
15636 : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
15637 Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
15638 Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
15639 : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
15640 Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
15641 : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
15642 Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
15643 Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
15644 (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
15645 {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
15646 Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
15647 Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
15648 (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
15649 American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
15650 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
15651 : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
15652 Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
15653 Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
15654 {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
15655 : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
15656 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
15657 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
15658 Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
15659 Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
15660 {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
15661 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
15662 : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
15663 English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
15664 (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
15665 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
15666 : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
15667 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
15668 (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
15669 Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
15670 {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
15671 {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
15672 German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
15673 : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
15674 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
15675 Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
15676 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
15677 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
15678 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
15679 {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
15680 (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
15681 (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
15682 Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
15683 Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
15684 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
15685 Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
15686 {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
15687 Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
15688 : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
15689 {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
15690 {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
15691 {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
15692 Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
15693 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
15694 Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
15695 Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
15696 Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
15697 (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
15698 : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
15699 {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
15700 {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
15701 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
15702 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
15703 Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
15704 [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
15705 Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
15706 Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
15707 {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
15708 languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
15709 {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
15710 {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
15711 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
15712 {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
15713 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
15714 Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
15715 : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
15716 Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
15717 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
15718 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
15719 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
15720 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
15721 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
15722 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
15723 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
15724 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
15725 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
15726 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
15727 Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
15728 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
15729 Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
15730 {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
15731 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
15732 Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
15733 Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
15734 (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
15735 {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
15736 Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
15737 South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
15738 Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
15739 {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
15740 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
15741 {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
15742 Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
15743 Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
15744 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
15745 {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
15746 Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
15747 : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
15748 Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
15749 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
15750 Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
15751 : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
15752 : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
15753 Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
15754 Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
15755 : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
15760 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15766 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
15784 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15788 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
15800 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
15808 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15809 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15819 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15829 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15833 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
15841 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
15851 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15855 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15856 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15857 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15858 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15870 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15880 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15884 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15894 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15904 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15905 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
15915 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
15923 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
15924 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
15933 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
15943 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
15947 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
15948 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
15949 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
15959 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
15973 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
15974 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
15984 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
16000 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
16013 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
16027 hostpath(), peerpath()
16037 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
16046 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
16047 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
16057 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
16067 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
16071 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
16079 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
16090 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
16094 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
16095 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
16096 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
16097 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
16109 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
16119 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
16123 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
16133 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
16143 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
16144 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
16154 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
16163 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
16164 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
16173 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
16184 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
16188 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
16189 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
16190 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
16200 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
16215 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
16216 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
16226 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
16227 AF_INET domain sockets
16243 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
16256 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
16257 AF_UNIX domain sockets
16271 hostpath(), peerpath()
16281 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
16291 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
16292 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
16303 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
16317 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
16330 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
16340 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
16341 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
16342 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16353 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
16371 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
16381 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
16382 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
16393 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
16404 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
16405 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
16406 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16417 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
16425 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16426 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16430 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16436 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
16437 general-utility list subroutines
16445 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16446 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16450 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16456 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
16457 general-utility scalar subroutines
16465 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
16466 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
16467 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
16477 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
16485 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16489 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
16497 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
16505 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16507 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16509 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16510 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16512 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16514 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
16516 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
16522 =item rename_country
16530 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16534 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
16535 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
16536 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
16537 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
16545 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
16546 identification (ISO 4217)
16556 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16558 code2currency(), currency2code()
16560 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16562 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
16566 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16570 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
16571 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
16579 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
16588 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16590 code2language(), language2code()
16592 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16594 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
16598 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16602 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
16603 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
16611 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
16619 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
16625 =item Construction Methods
16627 =item The "maketext" Method
16629 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
16631 =item Utility Methods
16633 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
16634 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
16635 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
16636 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
16638 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
16642 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
16644 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
16646 =item BRACKET NOTATION
16648 =item AUTO LEXICONS
16650 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
16652 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
16656 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
16662 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
16670 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
16674 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
16676 =item The Linguistic View
16678 =item Breaking gettext
16680 =item Replacing gettext
16682 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
16684 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
16686 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
16688 =item Buzzword: Concision
16690 =item The Devil in the Details
16692 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
16700 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
16708 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16712 =item SPECIAL CODES
16716 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16718 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16719 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16721 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16723 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
16727 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16731 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
16732 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
16740 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
16748 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
16752 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
16762 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
16763 of quoted-printable strings
16771 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16779 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
16788 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16796 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
16806 =item Canonical notation
16810 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
16812 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
16816 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
16817 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
16825 =item Autocreating constants
16831 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
16839 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
16849 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
16881 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
16883 =item is_pos()/is_neg()
16885 $x->is_pos(); # true if >= 0
16886 $x->is_neg(); # true if < 0
16888 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
16974 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
16984 =item Rounding mode R
16986 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
16987 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
16988 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
17001 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
17009 =item Autocreating constants
17015 =item Alternative math libraries
17021 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
17029 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
17035 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
17040 bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling,
17041 Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types,
17052 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
17064 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
17068 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
17070 the same terms as Perl itself.
17078 =head2 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
17090 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
17092 the same terms as Perl itself.
17100 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rational numbers
17122 =item denominator()
17124 $d = $x->denominator();
17134 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
17142 =item is_positive()
17144 =item is_negative()
17168 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
17169 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(),
17170 blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial)
17180 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
17193 =item STRINGIFICATION
17197 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
17203 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
17205 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
17213 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
17221 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
17227 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
17229 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
17233 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
17235 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
17239 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
17241 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
17243 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
17244 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
17248 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
17254 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
17264 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
17282 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
17284 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
17288 =item OTHER FACILITIES
17294 =item C<flush_cache>
17300 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
17302 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
17310 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17316 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
17325 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
17336 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
17348 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
17356 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
17364 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
17373 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
17382 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
17390 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
17398 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17404 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17408 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17412 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
17423 =item Enforcing redispatch
17425 =item Avoiding repetitions
17427 =item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
17429 =item Using C<EVERY> methods
17435 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
17441 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
17451 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
17454 =item CLASS METHODS
17456 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
17457 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
17458 ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
17468 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
17478 requires_firewall HOST
17480 =item NetConfig VALUES
17482 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
17483 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
17484 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
17488 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
17497 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
17505 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
17517 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
17521 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
17522 site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
17523 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [,
17524 RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), alloc ( SIZE [,
17525 RECORD_SIZE] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]]
17526 ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [,
17527 REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (),
17528 mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash (
17529 [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [
17530 DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port (
17531 [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
17532 pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait (
17533 NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
17537 =item Methods for the adventurous
17543 =item THE dataconn CLASS
17545 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
17546 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
17548 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
17550 B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
17552 =item REPORTING BUGS
17560 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/
17568 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
17578 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
17582 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
17583 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
17584 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
17585 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
17586 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
17587 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
17588 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
17592 =item Extension methods
17594 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
17595 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
17596 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
17597 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
17606 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
17616 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
17626 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
17630 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
17631 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
17632 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
17633 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
17645 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
17657 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
17658 ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
17659 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
17660 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
17661 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
17678 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
17690 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
17694 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
17695 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
17696 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
17697 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
17698 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
17699 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
17712 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
17720 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
17721 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
17729 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
17746 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
17754 =item Where to get this document
17756 =item How to contribute to this document
17760 =item Author and Copyright Information
17768 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
17772 =item What is libnet ?
17774 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
17776 =item What other modules do I need ?
17778 =item What machines support libnet ?
17780 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
17784 =item Using Net::FTP
17788 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
17790 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
17792 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
17794 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
17797 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
17799 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
17801 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
17803 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
17805 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
17807 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
17810 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
17812 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
17815 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
17818 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
17822 =item Using Net::SMTP
17826 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
17829 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
17831 =item The verify method always returns true ?
17835 =item Debugging scripts
17839 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
17843 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
17847 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
17864 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
17879 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
17896 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
17904 =item THE .netrc FILE
17906 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
17911 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
17915 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
17925 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
17935 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17943 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
17951 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17957 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17961 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17965 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
17977 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
17979 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
17980 or optag, an operator set (opset)
17982 =item Opcode Functions
17984 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
17985 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
17986 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
17989 =item Manipulating Opsets
17991 =item TO DO (maybe)
17997 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
17999 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
18000 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
18001 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
18010 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
18019 a new namespace, an operator mask
18025 =item RECENT CHANGES
18027 =item Methods in class Safe
18029 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
18030 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
18031 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
18032 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
18034 =item Some Safety Issues
18036 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
18044 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
18057 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
18071 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
18072 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
18073 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
18074 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
18075 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
18076 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
18077 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
18078 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
18079 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
18080 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
18081 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
18082 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
18083 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
18084 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
18085 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
18086 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
18087 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
18088 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
18089 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
18090 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
18091 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
18092 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
18093 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
18094 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
18095 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
18102 =item POSIX::SigAction
18104 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
18106 =item POSIX::SigSet
18108 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
18110 =item POSIX::Termios
18112 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
18113 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
18114 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
18115 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
18116 values, c_oflag field values
18120 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
18124 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
18128 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
18182 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
18183 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
18187 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
18196 :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32
18200 =item Custom Layers
18204 =item Alternatives to raw
18206 =item Defaults and how to override them
18208 =item Querying the layers of filehandles
18218 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
18230 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO
18238 =item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
18242 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
18250 =item EXPECTED METHODS
18252 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
18253 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
18254 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
18255 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
18256 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
18257 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
18258 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
18259 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
18265 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
18271 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
18279 =item REQUIRED MODULES
18283 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
18289 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
18295 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
18301 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
18313 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
18314 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
18315 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
18316 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
18317 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
18318 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
18319 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
18320 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
18325 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
18326 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
18327 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
18328 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
18329 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
18330 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
18335 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
18336 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
18348 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
18350 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
18353 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
18355 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
18357 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
18359 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
18361 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
18363 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
18371 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
18383 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
18385 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
18392 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
18398 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
18400 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
18407 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
18419 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
18429 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir,
18430 htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot,
18431 quiet, recurse, title, verbose
18445 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
18458 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
18459 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
18465 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
18489 =item B<was_cutting()>
18495 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
18501 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
18507 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
18513 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
18519 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18525 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
18531 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
18537 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
18543 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
18549 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
18555 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
18561 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
18567 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
18573 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
18579 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
18585 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18591 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
18597 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
18603 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
18609 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
18615 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
18621 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
18627 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
18633 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
18639 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
18645 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
18651 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
18657 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18663 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
18675 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
18687 =item OBJECT METHODS
18695 =item Data Accessors
18711 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
18713 B<StartWithNewPage>
18727 =item Subclassed methods
18741 B<interior_sequence>
18757 =item Methods for headings
18765 =item Internal methods
18771 B<_replace_special_chars>
18773 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
18779 B<_clean_latex_commands>
18781 B<_split_delimited>
18797 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
18805 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
18810 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
18811 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
18812 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
18823 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18827 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
18839 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18843 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
18857 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
18865 $list-E<gt>indent()
18873 $list-E<gt>parent()
18879 =item Pod::Hyperlink
18881 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
18885 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
18887 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
18891 $link-E<gt>warning()
18893 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
18899 $link-E<gt>alttext()
18909 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
18915 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
18919 =item Pod::Cache::Item
18921 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
18925 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
18927 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
18929 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
18931 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
18933 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
18935 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
18937 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
18947 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
18959 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
18961 =item PARSING OPTIONS
18963 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
18964 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
18970 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18978 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18984 =item B<verbatim()>
18986 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18992 =item B<textblock()>
18994 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
19000 =item B<interior_sequence()>
19006 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
19018 =item B<initialize()>
19024 =item B<begin_pod()>
19030 =item B<begin_input()>
19036 =item B<end_input()>
19048 =item B<preprocess_line()>
19054 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
19060 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
19066 =item B<parse_text()>
19068 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
19069 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
19070 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
19076 =item B<interpolate()>
19082 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
19088 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
19094 =item B<parse_from_file()>
19100 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
19106 =item B<errorsub()>
19118 =item B<parseopts()>
19124 =item B<output_file()>
19130 =item B<output_handle()>
19136 =item B<input_file()>
19142 =item B<input_handle()>
19148 =item B<input_streams()>
19154 =item B<top_stream()>
19160 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
19166 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
19172 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
19178 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
19186 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
19196 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19202 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
19214 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19220 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
19232 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19238 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
19248 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19254 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
19264 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19270 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
19282 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19288 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
19302 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
19312 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19318 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
19326 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
19330 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
19331 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
19343 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
19363 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
19376 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
19378 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
19384 =item OBJECT METHODS
19390 =item B<curr_headings()>
19402 =item B<add_selection()>
19408 =item B<clear_selections()>
19414 =item B<match_section()>
19420 =item B<is_selected()>
19426 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
19432 =item B<podselect()>
19434 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
19440 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
19446 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
19452 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
19458 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
19470 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
19478 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
19482 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
19483 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
19484 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
19495 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19499 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
19513 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19517 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
19532 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19536 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
19551 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19555 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
19564 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
19573 =item Recommended Use
19581 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
19585 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
19593 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
19599 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
19603 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
19607 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
19615 a new namespace, an operator mask
19621 =item RECENT CHANGES
19623 =item Methods in class Safe
19625 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
19626 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
19627 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
19628 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
19630 =item Some Safety Issues
19632 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
19640 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
19648 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
19649 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
19650 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
19660 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
19670 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
19680 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
19690 =item The __DATA__ token
19692 =item SelfLoader autoloading
19694 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
19696 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
19698 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
19700 =item Classes and inherited methods.
19704 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
19708 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
19718 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
19726 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
19727 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
19735 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
19736 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
19737 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
19738 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
19739 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
19743 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
19753 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
19757 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
19759 =item CODE REFERENCES
19761 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
19763 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
19765 =item ERROR REPORTING
19773 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
19778 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
19779 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
19787 =item Storable magic
19797 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
19809 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
19823 =item Allowing fall-through
19825 =item Automating fall-through
19827 =item Alternative syntax
19829 =item Higher-order Operations
19845 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
19857 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
19869 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
19870 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19878 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19879 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19880 in 5.004_02), closelog
19890 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
19891 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19899 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19900 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19901 in 5.004_02), closelog
19911 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
19921 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
19922 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
19923 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
19927 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
19937 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19941 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
19957 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
19959 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19961 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19963 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
19971 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19979 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
19987 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
19997 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
19998 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
20006 =item Minimal set of supported functions
20008 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
20009 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
20011 =item Additional supported functions
20013 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
20023 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
20031 =item QUICK START GUIDE
20037 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
20038 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
20048 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
20054 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
20058 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
20068 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
20088 =item Setting up tests
20106 =item Running tests
20112 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
20114 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
20140 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
20152 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
20156 =item Test Status and Info
20190 =head2 Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
20206 =item The test script output
20208 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
20209 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
20214 =item Configuration variables.
20216 B<$Test::Harness::Verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
20220 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
20247 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
20248 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
20249 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
20250 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
20254 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
20255 C<HARNESS_DEBUG>, C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>,
20256 C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_OK_SLOW>, C<HARNESS_PERL>,
20257 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
20277 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
20303 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
20321 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
20359 =item C<analyze_fh>
20365 =item C<analyze_file>
20371 =item C<_command_line( $file )>
20389 =item C<_cleaned_switches>
20395 =item C<_INC2PERL5LIB>
20401 =item C<_filtered_INC>
20407 =item C<_restore_PERL5LIB>
20417 =item C<_is_comment>
20425 =item C<_is_header>
20437 =item C<_is_bail_out>
20443 =item C<_reset_file_state>
20453 =item C<_detailize>
20469 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
20479 =item I love it when a plan comes together
20489 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
20529 =item Conditional tests
20535 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
20537 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
20541 =item Comparison functions
20555 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
20565 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
20567 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
20580 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
20604 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
20613 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
20621 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
20623 =item Where to start?
20627 =item Test the manual
20629 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
20631 =item Testing lots of values
20633 =item Informative names
20635 =item Skipping tests
20639 =item Testing with taint mode.
20651 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
20663 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
20673 =item General behaviour in list contexts
20677 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
20679 =item A note about prefixes
20681 =item C<extract_delimited>
20683 =item C<extract_bracketed>
20685 =item C<extract_variable>
20689 =item C<extract_tagged>
20691 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
20692 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
20694 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
20696 =item C<extract_quotelike>
20698 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
20700 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
20702 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
20704 =item C<extract_codeblock>
20706 =item C<extract_multiple>
20708 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
20714 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
20715 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
20716 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
20717 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
20718 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
20719 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
20720 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
20721 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
20722 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
20723 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
20724 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
20725 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
20730 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
20736 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
20751 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
20768 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
20783 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
20799 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
20811 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
20812 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
20813 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
20817 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
20825 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
20833 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20835 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
20841 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
20849 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20851 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
20855 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
20870 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
20880 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
20888 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
20889 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
20890 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
20891 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
20899 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
20919 =item Option Format
20923 =item Public Methods
20931 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
20937 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
20939 =item Deferred Writing
20943 =item Autodeferring
20947 =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
20953 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
20967 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
20976 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
20977 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
20978 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
20979 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
20981 =item MORE INFORMATION
20983 =item COMPATIBILITY
20987 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
20996 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
20997 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR
21000 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
21002 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
21004 =item C<SCALAR>, C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
21006 =item MORE INFORMATION
21010 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
21018 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
21028 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
21046 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
21055 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
21057 =item MORE INFORMATION
21061 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
21073 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
21082 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
21083 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
21084 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer (
21085 $which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer (
21096 =item negative time not invented yet
21098 =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
21106 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21110 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
21120 =item Ambiguous Local Times (DST)
21122 =item Negative Epoch Values
21126 =item IMPLEMENTATION
21136 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
21151 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
21166 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
21178 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
21186 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<isa( VAL, TYPE )>,
21187 C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<<
21188 CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<can( VAL, METHOD )>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
21194 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
21204 =item Constructor and Tailoring
21206 UCA_Version, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreName, ignoreChar,
21207 level, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange,
21208 table, undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower,
21209 variable, alternate
21211 =item Methods for Collation
21213 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
21214 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
21215 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
21216 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
21217 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
21218 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
21219 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
21221 =item Methods for Searching
21223 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
21224 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
21225 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
21226 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
21227 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
21228 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
21229 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
21231 =item Other Methods
21233 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, C<$version =
21234 $Collator-E<gt>version()>, C<UCA_Version()>, C<Base_Unicode_Version()>
21240 =item Conformance Test
21248 Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation
21249 Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable
21250 Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15, L<Unicode::Normalize>
21254 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
21264 =item Normalization Forms
21266 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
21267 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
21268 C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>, C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>,
21269 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
21271 =item Decomposition and Composition
21273 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
21274 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
21275 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
21279 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
21280 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
21281 checkFCD($string)>, C<$result = checkFCC($string)>, C<$result =
21282 check($form_name, $string)>
21284 =item Character Data
21286 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
21287 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
21288 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
21289 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
21290 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
21291 C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
21292 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
21302 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/,
21303 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt,
21304 http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/
21308 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
21350 =item Blocks versus Scripts
21352 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
21354 =item Code Point Arguments
21380 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
21386 =item Implementation Note
21398 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
21413 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
21424 =item System Specifics
21438 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
21446 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
21448 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
21449 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
21450 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
21451 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
21452 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFolderPath(FOLDER [,
21453 CREATE]), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(),
21454 Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(),
21455 Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
21456 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
21457 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
21458 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
21459 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
21460 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
21461 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
21462 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
21463 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
21464 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
21465 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
21471 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
21481 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
21483 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
21487 =item Order of initialization: early load()
21491 =item The most hairy case
21501 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
21503 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
21504 don't all have manual pages yet:
21538 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob