4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
21 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
22 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
23 Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
24 implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
25 expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
41 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/03/25
46 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
47 About Perl, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L<perlfaq3>:
48 Programming Tools, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, L<perlfaq5>: Files and
49 Formats, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues,
50 L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, L<perlfaq9>: Networking
54 =item Where to get this document
56 =item How to contribute to this document
58 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
65 =item Author and Copyright Information
69 =item Noncommercial Reproduction
71 =item Commercial Reproduction
79 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97
81 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.11 $, $Date:
82 1997/03/19 17:23:09 $)
90 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
92 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
94 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
96 =item How stable is Perl?
98 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
100 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
103 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
105 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
107 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
109 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
111 =item What is a JAPH?
113 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
115 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
116 (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
120 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
122 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.15 $,
123 $Date: 1997/03/25 18:15:48 $)
129 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
131 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
133 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
135 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
138 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
139 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
141 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
142 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
144 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
146 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
148 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
150 =item Where should I post source code?
154 =item Perl in Magazines
156 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
158 =item What mailing lists are there for perl?
160 MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
162 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
166 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
168 =item Where do I send bug reports?
170 =item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
172 =item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
176 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
178 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 1997/03/19
185 =item How do I do (anything)?
187 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
189 =item Is there a Perl shell?
191 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
193 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
195 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
197 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
199 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
201 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
203 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
205 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
207 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
209 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
211 =item Can I dynamically load C routines into Perl?
213 =item What is undump?
215 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
217 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
219 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
221 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
223 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
225 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
227 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
229 =item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,Windows NT,...]?
231 =item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
233 =item Why don't perl one-liners work on my MS-DOS/Macintosh/VMS system?
235 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
237 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
239 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
241 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
242 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
244 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
247 =item What's MakeMaker?
251 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
253 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/03/25
262 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
264 =item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()?
267 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
269 =item How do I multiply matrices?
271 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
273 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
275 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
283 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
285 =item How can I compare two date strings?
287 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
289 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
291 =item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
299 =item How do I validate input?
301 =item How do I unescape a string?
303 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
305 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
307 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
309 =item How do I reverse a string?
311 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
313 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
315 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
317 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
319 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
322 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
324 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
325 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
327 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
329 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
331 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
333 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
335 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
337 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
339 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
340 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
349 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
351 =item How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
353 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:, b) If you don't know
354 whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:,
355 d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in
356 contains only small positive integers:
358 =item How can I tell whether an array contains a certain element?
360 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
361 intersection of two arrays?
363 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
365 =item How do I handle linked lists?
367 =item How do I handle circular lists?
369 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
371 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
373 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
375 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
377 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
379 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
381 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
385 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
389 =item How do I process an entire hash?
391 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
394 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
396 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
398 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
400 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
402 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
404 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
406 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
408 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
410 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
412 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
414 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
417 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash
418 or array of hashes or arrays?
420 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
428 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
430 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
432 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
434 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
436 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
438 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
442 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
444 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 1997/03/19
451 =item How do I flush/unbuffer a filehandle? Why must I do this?
453 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
454 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
456 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
458 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
460 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
462 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
463 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
465 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
467 =item How can I write() into a string?
469 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
471 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
473 =item How come when I open the file read-write it wipes it out?
475 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
477 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
479 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
481 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
483 =item How can I lock a file?
485 =item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
487 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number
488 in the file. How can I do this?
490 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
492 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
494 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
496 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
498 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
500 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
502 =item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
504 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
506 =item How do I create a file only if it doesn't exist?
508 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
510 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
512 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
514 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in MS-DOS paths? What doesn't
515 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
517 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
519 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
520 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
522 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
526 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
528 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 1997/03/25 18:16:56 $)
534 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
535 and unmaintainable code?
537 Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
540 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
542 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
545 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
547 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
550 =item How can I make C<\w> match accented characters?
552 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
554 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
556 =item What is C</o> really for?
558 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
561 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
563 =item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
565 =item How do I process each word on each line?
567 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
569 =item How can I do approximate matching?
571 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
573 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
575 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
577 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
579 =item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
581 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
583 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
587 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
589 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date:
590 1997/03/19 17:25:23 $)
596 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
598 =item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
601 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
604 =item How do I skip some return values?
606 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
608 =item What's an extension?
610 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
612 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
614 =item How do I create a module?
616 =item How do I create a class?
618 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
620 =item What's a closure?
622 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
625 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps,
628 =item How do I create a static variable?
630 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
631 Between local() and my()?
633 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
636 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
638 =item Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
640 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
642 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
644 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
646 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
648 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
650 =item How can I find out my current package?
654 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
656 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/03/25
663 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
665 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
667 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
669 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
671 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
673 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
675 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
677 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
679 =item How do I start a process in the background?
681 STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
683 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
685 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
687 =item How do I set the time and date?
689 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
691 =item How can I measure time under a second?
693 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
695 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
696 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
698 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
700 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
702 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
704 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
706 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
708 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
710 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
712 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
714 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
716 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
719 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
721 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
723 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
725 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
728 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
729 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
730 changes to be visible?
734 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
737 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
739 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
741 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
743 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
745 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
747 =item How do I set CPU limits?
749 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
751 =item How do I use an SQL database?
753 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
755 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
757 =item How do I install a CPAN module?
761 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
763 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 1997/03/25 18:17:20
770 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
773 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
775 =item How do I extract URLs?
777 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
778 file on another machine?
780 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
782 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
784 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
786 =item How do I redirect to another page?
788 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
790 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
792 =item How do I parse an email header?
794 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
796 =item How do I check a valid email address?
798 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
800 =item How do I return the user's email address?
802 =item How do I send/read mail?
804 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
806 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
808 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
810 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
814 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
816 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
820 =item Supported Environments
826 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
828 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
830 =item Limitations on B<-M>, and C<-m>, and B<-T> options
832 =item More precise warnings
834 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
836 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
838 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
840 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
842 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
844 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
846 =item Changes to tainting checks
848 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
850 =item Embedding improvements
852 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
854 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
856 =item New and changed builtin variables
860 =item New and changed builtin functions
862 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
863 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek() and systell(), use
864 VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as
865 Default, C<m//g> does not reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores
866 whitespace before ?*+{}, nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work
867 right on changing lexicals
869 =item New builtin methods
871 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
873 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
875 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this,
876 GETC this, DESTROY this
878 =item Malloc enhancements
880 -DDEBUGGING_MSTATS, -DEMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
882 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
888 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
889 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
895 =item Required Updates
897 =item Installation directories
899 =item Module information summary
913 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
917 =item Utility Changes
923 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
927 =item C Language API Changes
929 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
932 =item Documentation Changes
934 L<perldelta>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, L<perldebug>,
937 =item New Diagnostics
939 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
940 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
941 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
942 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
943 Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot
944 resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine
945 %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return
946 a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Illegal character %s
947 (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex
948 number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Name
949 "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset
950 outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s,
951 Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate
952 words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub
953 found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too
954 late for "B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still
955 exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of
956 "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0";
957 test with defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will
958 not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s|
959 in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX,
960 PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s
968 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
980 =item Scalar value constructors
982 =item List value constructors
984 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
988 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
996 =item Simple statements
998 =item Compound statements
1006 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1010 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1012 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1016 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1024 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1026 =item The Arrow Operator
1028 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1030 =item Exponentiation
1032 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1034 =item Binding Operators
1036 =item Multiplicative Operators
1038 =item Additive Operators
1040 =item Shift Operators
1042 =item Named Unary Operators
1044 =item Relational Operators
1046 =item Equality Operators
1050 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1052 =item C-style Logical And
1054 =item C-style Logical Or
1056 =item Range Operator
1058 =item Conditional Operator
1060 =item Assignment Operators
1062 =item Comma Operator
1064 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1070 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
1072 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1074 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1076 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1078 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1080 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1081 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1082 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1083 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
1087 =item Constant Folding
1089 =item Integer Arithmetic
1091 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1095 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1103 =item Regular Expressions
1105 (?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
1109 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1111 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
1115 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1123 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1125 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
1129 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
1130 B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1131 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1132 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1133 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1134 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
1140 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB,
1141 PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1143 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1147 I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
1151 =item Perl Functions by Category
1153 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1154 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1155 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1156 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1157 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1158 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1159 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1160 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1161 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1162 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1165 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1167 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1168 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1169 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1170 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1171 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1172 close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
1173 cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE,
1174 defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
1175 SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (),
1176 eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR,
1177 exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
1178 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE, LIST, getc
1179 FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid,
1180 getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME,
1181 getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
1182 getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr
1183 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1184 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1185 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1186 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1187 endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt
1188 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR,
1189 goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index
1190 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1191 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last
1192 LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link
1193 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log
1194 EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1195 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
1196 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no
1197 Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1198 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, pipe
1199 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
1200 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
1201 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
1202 qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
1203 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir
1204 DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo
1205 LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require,
1206 reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
1207 rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
1208 scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
1209 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
1210 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1211 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1212 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1213 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1214 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1215 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1216 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1217 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1218 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1219 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1220 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1221 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET,
1222 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
1223 sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1224 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1225 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, systell FILEHANDLE, systell, system LIST,
1226 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite
1227 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1228 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1229 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1230 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1231 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use
1232 Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec
1233 EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write
1234 FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1238 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1244 =item Predefined Names
1246 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1247 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
1248 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1249 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
1250 $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1251 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
1252 $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1253 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1254 format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1255 format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
1256 EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1257 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1258 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1259 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1260 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1261 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1262 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1263 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME,
1264 $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
1265 $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}, $^M
1269 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1277 =item Private Variables via my()
1279 =item Temporary Values via local()
1281 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1283 =item Pass by Reference
1287 =item Constant Functions
1289 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
1297 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages)
1307 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1317 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1321 =item Pragmatic Modules
1323 blib, diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap,
1324 strict, subs, vmsish, vars
1326 =item Standard Modules
1328 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
1329 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
1330 DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
1331 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
1332 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
1333 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fcntl,
1334 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find,
1335 File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
1336 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle,
1337 IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
1338 Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, NDBM_File, Net::Ping,
1339 Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text,
1340 POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
1341 Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
1342 Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords,
1343 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
1344 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
1345 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
1347 =item Extension Modules
1353 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1354 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1355 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1356 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1357 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1358 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1359 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1360 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1361 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1362 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1363 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1364 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1365 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
1368 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1372 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1374 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1375 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1376 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1377 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1378 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1379 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1380 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1381 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1382 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1383 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1384 care when changing a released module
1386 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1388 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
1389 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
1390 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
1391 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
1393 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1395 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
1396 applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
1397 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
1398 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
1399 can then be reduced to a small
1403 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1409 =item Format Variables
1419 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1425 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1430 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1436 =item The use locale pragma
1438 =item The setlocale function
1440 =item The localeconv function
1444 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1448 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1450 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1452 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1454 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1458 =item Other categories
1464 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
1465 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
1466 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
1467 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
1468 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
1469 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
1470 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
1471 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
1472 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
1477 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
1484 =item Backward compatibility
1486 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1488 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1490 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1492 =item Freely available locale definitions
1496 =item An imperfect standard
1504 =item Broken systems
1512 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1518 =item Symbolic references
1520 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1528 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
1532 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
1533 more elaborate constructs
1537 =item COMMON MISTAKES
1539 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
1541 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
1547 =item LISTS OF LISTS
1551 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
1553 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
1555 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
1559 =item HASHES OF LISTS
1563 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
1565 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
1567 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
1571 =item LISTS OF HASHES
1575 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
1577 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
1579 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
1583 =item HASHES OF HASHES
1587 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
1589 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
1591 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
1595 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1599 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1601 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1603 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1613 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
1617 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
1619 =item Growing Your Own
1621 =item Access and Printing
1629 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1633 =item Creating a Class
1637 =item Object Representation
1639 =item Class Interface
1641 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1643 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1647 =item Other Object Methods
1655 =item Accessing Class Data
1657 =item Debugging Methods
1659 =item Class Destructors
1661 =item Documenting the Interface
1671 =item Overridden Methods
1673 =item Multiple Inheritance
1675 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1679 =item Alternate Object Representations
1683 =item Arrays as Objects
1685 =item Closures as Objects
1689 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1693 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1695 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1699 =item Metaclassical Tools
1705 =item Data Members as Variables
1709 =item Object Terminology
1719 =item Acknowledgments
1723 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1729 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1731 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1733 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1735 =item Method Invocation
1737 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1739 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1747 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1753 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1763 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
1767 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1772 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1773 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1774 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
1776 =item Tying FileHandles
1778 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this,
1779 GETC this, DESTROY this
1781 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1791 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1795 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1797 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1799 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1801 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1803 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1805 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1807 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1809 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1811 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1813 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1817 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1818 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1826 =item Using open() for IPC
1832 =item Background Processes
1834 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1836 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1838 =item Bidirectional Communication
1842 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1846 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1848 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1850 =item UDP: Message Passing
1866 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1870 =item The Perl Debugger
1874 =item Debugger Commands
1876 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1877 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
1878 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
1879 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1880 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1881 command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C<recallCommand>,
1882 C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>,
1883 C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
1884 C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>,
1885 C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<quote>,
1886 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
1887 C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command, E<gt> command,
1888 E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, !
1889 pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, = [alias value],
1890 command, m expr, m package
1892 =item Debugger input/output
1894 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
1896 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1898 =item Debugger Customization
1900 =item Readline Support
1902 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1904 =item The Perl Profiler
1906 =item Debugger support in perl
1908 =item Debugger Internals
1910 =item Other resources
1916 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
1920 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
1926 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
1928 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
1930 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
1934 =item Protecting Your Programs
1938 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
1954 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
1956 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
1957 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
1958 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
1959 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
1961 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
1963 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
1964 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
1965 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
1969 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
1971 =item Numerical Traps
1973 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
1975 =item General data type traps
1977 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
1978 (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
1980 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
1982 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
1984 =item Precedence Traps
1986 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
1989 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
1991 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
1992 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
1993 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
1995 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
1997 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
2003 =item Interpolation Traps
2005 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
2006 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2012 =item Unclassified Traps
2018 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
2022 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
2026 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2028 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
2034 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
2038 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2046 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
2047 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
2051 =item Compiling your C program
2053 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2055 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2057 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2059 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
2061 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2063 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2065 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2067 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2078 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2084 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
2085 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
2086 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
2087 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
2088 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(s,f)>,
2089 B<PerlIO_putc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
2090 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
2091 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
2092 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
2093 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
2097 =item Co-existence with stdio
2099 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
2100 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
2101 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
2102 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
2103 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
2104 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
2108 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2118 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
2120 =item The Argument Stack
2122 =item The RETVAL Variable
2124 =item The MODULE Keyword
2126 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
2128 =item The PREFIX Keyword
2130 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
2132 =item The CODE: Keyword
2134 =item The INIT: Keyword
2136 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
2138 =item Initializing Function Parameters
2140 =item Default Parameter Values
2142 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
2144 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
2146 =item The INPUT: Keyword
2148 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
2150 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
2152 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
2154 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
2156 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
2158 =item The BOOT: Keyword
2160 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
2162 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
2164 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
2166 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
2168 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
2170 =item The CASE: Keyword
2172 =item The & Unary Operator
2174 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
2176 =item Using XS With C++
2178 =item Interface Strategy
2180 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
2192 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
2198 =item VERSION CAVEAT
2200 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
2206 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
2208 =item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
2212 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
2214 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
2216 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
2218 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
2224 =item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
2226 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
2228 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
2230 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
2232 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
2234 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
2244 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
2254 =item What is an "IV"?
2256 =item Working with SVs
2258 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
2260 =item Working with AVs
2262 =item Working with HVs
2264 =item Hash API Extensions
2268 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
2270 =item Creating New Variables
2272 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
2274 =item Stashes and Globs
2276 =item Double-Typed SVs
2278 =item Magic Variables
2280 =item Assigning Magic
2282 =item Magic Virtual Tables
2292 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
2294 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
2296 =item Memory Allocation
2300 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
2304 =item Scratchpads and recursion
2314 =item Examining the tree
2316 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
2318 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
2320 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
2322 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
2328 AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
2329 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
2330 DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
2331 dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
2332 GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
2333 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH,
2334 HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
2335 hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent,
2336 hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv,
2337 hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
2338 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
2339 isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
2340 mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
2341 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
2342 newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
2343 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
2344 perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv,
2345 perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
2346 perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
2347 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
2348 saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
2349 strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
2350 sv_catpvn, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_dec,
2351 SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
2352 SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
2353 sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
2354 SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
2355 SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
2356 SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
2357 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
2358 sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, SvSTASH,
2359 SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE,
2360 SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref, sv_usepvn,
2361 sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XS,
2362 XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV,
2363 XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO,
2364 XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
2370 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
2374 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
2376 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
2378 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
2398 =item Determining the Context
2402 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
2408 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
2410 =item Passing Parameters
2412 =item Returning a Scalar
2414 =item Returning a list of values
2416 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
2418 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
2422 =item Using G_KEEPERR
2424 =item Using perl_call_sv
2426 =item Using perl_call_argv
2428 =item Using perl_call_method
2432 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
2434 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
2436 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
2437 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
2440 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
2442 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
2452 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
2454 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
2468 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
2478 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
2486 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
2494 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
2503 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
2505 =item The I<splain> Program
2517 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
2524 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
2530 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
2538 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
2540 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
2542 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
2550 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
2557 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
2565 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
2569 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
2575 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
2577 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
2579 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
2581 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
2583 =item Overloadable Operations
2585 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
2586 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
2587 and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
2589 =item Inheritance and overloading
2591 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
2592 is inherited by derived classes
2596 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
2604 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
2606 =item Copy Constructor
2612 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
2614 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
2615 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
2616 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
2620 =item Run-time Overloading
2622 =item Public functions
2624 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
2626 =item IMPLEMENTATION
2634 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
2644 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
2646 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
2650 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
2654 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
2660 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
2666 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
2668 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
2674 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
2680 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
2682 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
2690 =item DBM Comparisons
2698 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
2706 =item Subroutine Stubs
2708 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2710 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2712 =item Package Lexicals
2714 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
2722 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
2732 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
2744 =item Standard Exports
2746 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
2747 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
2748 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]] )
2750 =item Optional Exports
2752 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
2764 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
2766 =head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
2776 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
2788 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
2790 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
2792 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
2794 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
2796 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
2798 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
2800 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
2802 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
2804 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
2806 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
2808 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
2810 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
2812 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
2814 =item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
2816 =item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
2818 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
2820 =item CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
2822 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
2824 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
2828 =item CREATING FORMS:
2832 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
2834 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
2836 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
2838 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
2842 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
2844 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
2846 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
2850 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
2852 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
2856 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
2860 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
2864 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
2868 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
2872 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
2874 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
2876 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
2880 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
2882 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
2884 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
2886 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
2890 =item NETSCAPE COOKIES
2892 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
2893 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
2895 =item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
2897 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
2898 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
2905 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
2909 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2911 B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
2912 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
2913 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
2914 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
2915 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
2918 =item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS:
2922 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
2924 =item Generating new HTML tags
2928 =item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
2930 B<cgi>, B<form>, B<html2>, B<html3>, B<netscape>, B<shortcuts>,
2933 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
2935 In the B<use> statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be
2936 imported into your script:, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using
2937 B<-nph> parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
2939 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
2943 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
2944 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
2945 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
2946 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
2947 Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
2948 Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
2949 Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
2950 (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
2951 Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
2952 (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
2953 (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
2955 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
2961 =head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
2975 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
2982 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
2984 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
2992 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
2998 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
3000 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
3002 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
3004 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
3008 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3014 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
3020 =item USING CGI::Push
3022 -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
3024 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
3028 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3034 =head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
3045 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
3053 =item Interactive Mode
3055 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
3056 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
3065 =item The 4 Classes: Authors, Bundles, Modules, Distributions
3067 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
3069 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
3079 =item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
3085 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
3086 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
3087 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
3100 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
3106 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
3115 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
3121 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
3129 =item The C<struct()> function
3131 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
3133 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
3134 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
3140 Example 1, Example 2
3142 =item Author and Modification History
3144 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
3150 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
3158 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
3164 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB
3170 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
3174 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
3176 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
3178 =item Default Parameters
3180 =item In Memory Databases
3188 =item A Simple Example
3196 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
3198 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
3200 =item The get_dup() Method
3202 =item Matching Partial Keys
3210 =item The 'bval' Option
3212 =item A Simple Example
3216 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
3217 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
3219 =item Another Example
3223 =item THE API INTERFACE
3225 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
3226 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
3227 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
3228 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
3230 =item HINTS AND TIPS
3234 =item Locking Databases
3236 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
3238 =item The untie() Gotcha
3242 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
3246 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
3248 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
3250 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
3252 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
3266 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
3272 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
3278 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
3284 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
3285 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
3286 dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
3287 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
3292 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
3299 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
3307 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
3315 =item Selecting What To Export
3317 =item Specialised Import Lists
3319 =item Module Version Checking
3321 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
3323 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
3327 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
3334 cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
3335 source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
3336 directory.., test_f file
3344 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
3354 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
3355 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
3363 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
3369 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
3375 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
3381 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
3391 =item VMS implementation
3397 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3404 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
3414 =item Preloaded methods
3416 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
3418 =item SelfLoaded methods
3420 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
3421 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
3422 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
3423 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
3424 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
3426 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
3428 force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others,
3429 install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o),
3430 makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
3431 maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru
3432 (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
3433 post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
3434 (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
3435 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
3436 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
3437 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
3443 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3452 =item Methods always loaded
3454 eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
3455 rootdir (override), updir (override)
3457 =item SelfLoaded methods
3459 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
3460 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
3461 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
3462 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
3463 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
3464 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
3465 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
3466 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
3467 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
3468 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
3469 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
3470 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
3471 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
3472 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
3477 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3484 catfile, static_lib (o), dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script,
3485 pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override), tools_other
3486 (o), manifypods (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
3488 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
3496 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
3498 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
3506 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
3510 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
3512 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
3514 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
3516 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
3518 C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
3519 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC,
3520 INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
3521 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
3522 INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
3523 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
3524 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
3525 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
3526 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
3527 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
3530 =item Additional lowercase attributes
3532 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
3535 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
3537 =item Hintsfile support
3539 =item Distribution Support
3541 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
3542 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
3543 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
3551 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
3561 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
3565 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
3566 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
3572 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
3580 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
3586 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
3593 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
3599 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
3605 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
3613 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
3615 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
3621 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
3625 C<basename>, C<dirname>
3627 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
3633 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
3643 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
3651 =item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)
3653 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
3661 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
3667 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
3677 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
3687 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
3695 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
3701 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
3705 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
3711 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
3721 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
3733 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
3740 E<lt>noneE<gt>, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f
3744 =item Linkage specification
3746 =item Aliases and abbreviations
3748 =item Non-option call-back routine
3750 =item Option starters
3760 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
3762 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
3763 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
3764 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
3765 reset), debug (default: reset)
3767 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
3769 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
3771 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
3778 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
3785 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
3791 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3799 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3803 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3809 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
3817 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3821 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
3822 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
3823 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
3833 =head2 IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3841 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3845 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
3853 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
3863 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
3875 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
3876 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
3877 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
3885 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
3897 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
3904 =item IO::Socket::INET
3908 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
3911 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
3915 hostpath(), peerpath()
3925 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3933 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3937 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3943 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
3952 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3956 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
3957 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
3958 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
3968 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3976 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3980 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
3988 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
3999 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
4012 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
4013 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
4014 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
4022 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
4035 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4042 =item IO::Socket::INET
4046 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4049 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4053 hostpath(), peerpath()
4063 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
4073 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
4082 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
4088 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
4094 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
4100 Canonical notation, Input, Output
4108 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
4119 =item STRINGIFICATION
4123 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4129 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
4135 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
4139 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4141 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
4145 =item ANGLE CONVERSIONS
4151 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
4157 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
4167 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
4168 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
4176 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
4189 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
4202 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
4213 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
4226 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
4232 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
4242 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
4244 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
4245 or optag, an operator set (opset)
4247 =item Opcode Functions
4249 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
4250 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
4251 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
4254 =item Manipulating Opsets
4258 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
4260 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
4261 :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
4262 :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
4268 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
4275 a new namespace, an operator mask
4281 =item RECENT CHANGES
4283 =item Methods in class Safe
4285 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4286 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4287 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4288 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4290 =item Some Safety Issues
4292 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4298 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
4307 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
4319 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
4320 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
4321 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
4322 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
4323 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
4324 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
4325 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
4326 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
4327 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
4328 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
4329 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
4330 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
4331 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
4332 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
4333 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
4334 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
4335 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
4336 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
4337 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
4338 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
4339 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
4340 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
4341 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
4342 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
4343 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
4344 wcstombs, wctomb, write
4350 =item POSIX::SigAction
4356 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
4358 =item POSIX::Termios
4360 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
4361 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
4362 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
4363 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
4364 values, c_oflag field values
4368 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
4372 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
4376 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
4434 =head2 Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML
4442 help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
4443 nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
4455 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
4465 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
4471 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
4477 a new namespace, an operator mask
4483 =item RECENT CHANGES
4485 =item Methods in class Safe
4487 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4488 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4489 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4490 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4492 =item Some Safety Issues
4494 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4500 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
4506 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
4512 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
4520 =item The __DATA__ token
4522 =item SelfLoader autoloading
4524 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
4526 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
4528 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
4530 =item Classes and inherited methods.
4534 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
4536 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
4544 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
4545 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
4551 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
4552 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
4553 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
4554 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
4555 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
4557 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
4563 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
4571 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
4572 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
4578 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
4579 setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog
4589 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
4597 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
4603 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
4611 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
4612 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
4618 =item Minimal set of supported functions
4620 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
4621 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
4623 =item Additional supported functions
4629 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
4637 =item The test script output
4645 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
4646 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
4647 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
4656 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
4664 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens
4672 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
4685 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
4696 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
4708 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
4714 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
4715 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
4719 =item MORE INFORMATION
4721 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
4735 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
4742 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
4744 =item MORE INFORMATION
4746 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
4754 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
4760 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
4771 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
4782 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
4790 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
4796 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( VAL, TYPE ),
4799 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
4810 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
4821 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
4823 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
4824 don't all have manual pages yet:
4846 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles