4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
115 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
117 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
121 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
123 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
125 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
127 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
129 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
131 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
133 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
137 =item About the perlfaq documents
141 =item Where to get the perlfaq
143 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
145 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
152 =item Author and Copyright Information
156 =item Bundled Distributions
164 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
165 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
166 Initial Release: 11/March/97
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
188 =item Simple statements
190 =item Compound statements
198 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
202 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
204 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
210 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
224 =item Scalar value constructors
226 =item List value constructors
230 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
238 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
248 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
250 =item The Arrow Operator
252 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
256 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
258 =item Binding Operators
260 =item Multiplicative Operators
262 =item Additive Operators
264 =item Shift Operators
266 =item Named Unary Operators
268 =item Relational Operators
270 =item Equality Operators
274 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
276 =item C-style Logical And
278 =item C-style Logical Or
280 =item Range Operators
282 =item Conditional Operator
284 =item Assignment Operators
288 =item List Operators (Rightward)
294 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
296 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
298 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
300 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
302 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
304 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
305 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
306 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
307 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
309 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
311 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
312 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
313 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
314 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
319 =item Constant Folding
321 =item Bitwise String Operators
323 =item Integer Arithmetic
325 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
333 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
343 =item Private Variables via my()
345 =item Persistent Private Variables
347 =item Temporary Values via local()
349 =item Lvalue subroutines
351 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
353 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
355 =item When to Still Use local()
357 =item Pass by Reference
361 =item Constant Functions
363 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
367 =item Subroutine Attributes
375 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
383 =item Perl Functions by Category
385 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
386 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
387 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
388 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
389 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
390 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
391 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
392 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
393 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
394 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
399 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
401 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
402 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
403 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
404 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
405 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
406 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
407 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
408 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
409 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
410 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
411 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
412 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
413 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
414 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
415 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
416 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
417 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
418 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
419 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
420 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
421 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
422 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
423 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
424 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
425 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
426 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
427 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
428 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
429 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
430 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
431 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
432 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
433 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
434 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
435 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
436 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
437 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
438 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
439 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
440 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
441 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
442 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
443 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
444 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
445 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
446 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
447 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
448 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
449 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
450 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
451 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
452 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
453 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
454 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
455 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
456 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
457 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
458 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
459 parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
460 width, size, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
461 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK,
462 sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr
463 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
464 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
465 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
466 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
467 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
468 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
469 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
470 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
471 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
472 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
473 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
474 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
475 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
476 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
482 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
488 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
496 =item Making References
498 =item Using References
516 =item Distribution Conditions
522 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
528 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
529 more elaborate constructs
533 =item COMMON MISTAKES
535 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
537 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
543 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
547 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
549 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
551 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
555 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
559 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
561 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
563 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
567 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
571 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
573 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
575 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
579 =item HASHES OF HASHES
583 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
585 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
587 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
591 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
595 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
597 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
599 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
611 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
621 =item Simple word matching
623 =item Using character classes
625 =item Matching this or that
627 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
629 =item Extracting matches
631 =item Matching repetitions
635 =item Search and replace
637 =item The split operator
645 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
649 =item Acknowledgments
655 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
663 =item Ordinary Paragraph
665 =item Verbatim Paragraph
667 =item Command Paragraph
669 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
670 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
671 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
672 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
674 =item Formatting Codes
676 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
677 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
678 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
679 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
680 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
681 (zero-effect) formatting code
685 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
687 =item Hints for Writing Pod
697 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
704 =item Pod Definitions
708 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
709 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
711 =item Pod Formatting Codes
713 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
714 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
715 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
716 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
717 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
718 contains non-breaking spaces
720 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
722 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
724 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
726 =item About =over...=back Regions
728 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
736 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
744 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
762 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
764 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
765 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
766 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
767 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
769 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
771 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
772 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
773 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
777 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
779 =item Numerical Traps
781 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
783 =item General data type traps
785 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
786 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
788 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
790 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
792 =item Precedence Traps
794 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
797 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
799 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
800 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
803 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
805 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
811 =item Interpolation Traps
813 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
814 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
820 =item Unclassified Traps
822 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
829 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
839 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
841 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
843 =item Location of Perl
845 =item Command Switches
847 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
848 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
849 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
850 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
851 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
852 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
853 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
859 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
860 :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
861 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
862 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
863 SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
867 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
875 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
883 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
885 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
887 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
891 =item Backward Compatibility
893 =item Category Hierarchy
897 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
909 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
917 =item Looking at data and -w and v
921 =item Stepping through code
923 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
925 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
943 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
949 =item The Perl Debugger
953 =item Debugger Commands
955 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
956 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
957 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
958 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
959 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
960 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
961 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
962 command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
963 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q
964 or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
966 =item Configurable Options
968 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
969 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
970 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
971 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
972 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
973 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
976 =item Debugger input/output
978 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
981 =item Debugging compile-time statements
983 =item Debugger Customization
985 =item Readline Support
987 =item Editor Support for Debugging
989 =item The Perl Profiler
993 =item Debugging regular expressions
995 =item Debugging memory usage
1003 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1011 =item Predefined Names
1013 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1014 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1015 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1016 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1017 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1018 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1019 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1020 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1021 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1022 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1023 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1024 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1025 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1026 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1027 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1028 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1029 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1030 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1031 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1032 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1033 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1034 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1035 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1036 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1037 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1038 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1039 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1040 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1041 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1042 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1044 =item Error Indicators
1046 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1054 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1062 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1064 =item Growing Your Own
1066 =item Access and Printing
1078 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1084 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1092 =item The Minus File
1094 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1100 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1104 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1108 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1112 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1114 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1116 =item Paths as Opens
1118 =item Single Argument Open
1120 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1124 =item Other I/O Issues
1128 =item Opening Non-File Files
1140 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1146 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1152 =item The Basic Principle
1156 =item Packing Numbers
1162 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1164 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1166 =item Floating point Numbers
1170 =item Exotic Templates
1182 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1186 =item Lengths and Widths
1190 =item String Lengths
1192 =item Dynamic Templates
1196 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1200 =item The Alignment Pit
1202 =item Alignment, Take 2
1204 =item Alignment, Take 3
1206 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1212 =item Funnies Section
1218 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1224 =item Part 1: The basics
1228 =item Simple word matching
1230 =item Using character classes
1232 =item Matching this or that
1234 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1236 =item Extracting matches
1238 =item Matching repetitions
1240 =item Building a regexp
1242 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1246 =item Part 2: Power tools
1250 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1252 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1254 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1256 =item Non-capturing groupings
1258 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1260 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1262 =item Conditional expressions
1264 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1266 =item Pragmas and debugging
1274 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1278 =item Acknowledgments
1284 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1294 =item Regular Expressions
1296 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1298 =item Extended Patterns
1300 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1301 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1302 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1303 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1307 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1309 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1311 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1313 =item Combining pieces together
1315 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1316 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1317 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1318 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1320 =item Creating custom RE engines
1330 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1340 =item Making References
1342 =item Using References
1344 =item Symbolic references
1346 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1348 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1350 =item Function Templates
1360 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1368 =item Format Variables
1378 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1386 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1394 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1396 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1398 =item Invoking a barnyard
1400 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1402 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1404 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1406 =item A few notes about @ISA
1408 =item Overriding the methods
1410 =item Starting the search from a different place
1412 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1414 =item Where we're at so far...
1416 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1418 =item Invoking an instance method
1420 =item Accessing the instance data
1422 =item How to build a horse
1424 =item Inheriting the constructor
1426 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1428 =item Adding parameters to a method
1430 =item More interesting instances
1432 =item A horse of a different color
1444 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1450 =item Creating a Class
1454 =item Object Representation
1456 =item Class Interface
1458 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1460 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1464 =item Other Object Methods
1472 =item Accessing Class Data
1474 =item Debugging Methods
1476 =item Class Destructors
1478 =item Documenting the Interface
1488 =item Overridden Methods
1490 =item Multiple Inheritance
1492 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1496 =item Alternate Object Representations
1500 =item Arrays as Objects
1502 =item Closures as Objects
1506 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1510 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1512 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1516 =item Metaclassical Tools
1522 =item Data Members as Variables
1530 =item Object Terminology
1536 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1542 =item Acknowledgments
1548 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1554 =item Class Data in a Can
1556 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1560 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1562 =item Inheritance Concerns
1564 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1566 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1568 =item Monadic Classes
1570 =item Translucent Attributes
1574 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1578 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1580 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1582 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1584 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1586 =item Translucency Revisited
1594 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1596 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1602 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1610 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1612 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1614 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1616 =item Method Invocation
1618 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1620 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1622 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1628 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1636 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1642 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1644 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1646 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1648 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1650 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1652 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1654 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1656 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1658 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1660 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1666 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1678 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1683 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1684 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1685 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1686 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1691 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1692 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1693 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1695 =item Tying FileHandles
1697 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1698 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1703 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1715 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1716 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1726 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
1734 =item Deferred Signals
1736 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals
1737 triggered by operating system state
1741 =item Using open() for IPC
1747 =item Background Processes
1749 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1751 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1753 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1755 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1759 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1763 =item Internet Line Terminators
1765 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1767 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1771 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1775 =item A Simple Client
1777 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1779 =item A Webget Client
1781 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1785 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1787 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1789 =item UDP: Message Passing
1803 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1813 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1815 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1816 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1817 files, directories and network sockets
1819 =item Resource limits
1821 =item Killing the parent process
1823 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1825 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1827 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1828 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1829 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1841 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1849 =item Storing numbers
1851 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1853 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1855 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1856 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1857 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1866 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1874 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1876 =item Threaded Program Models
1888 =item Native threads
1890 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1892 =item Threadsafe Modules
1898 =item Basic Thread Support
1900 =item A Note about the Examples
1902 =item Creating Threads
1904 =item Giving up control
1906 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1908 =item Ignoring A Thread
1912 =item Threads And Data
1916 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1918 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
1922 =item Synchronization and control
1926 =item Controlling access: lock()
1928 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1930 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1932 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1934 =item Basic semaphores
1936 =item Advanced Semaphores
1938 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
1942 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1946 =item What Thread Am I In?
1950 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1952 =item What Threads Are Running?
1956 =item A Complete Example
1958 =item Performance considerations
1960 =item Threadsafety of System Libraries
1968 =item Introductory Texts
1970 =item OS-Related References
1972 =item Other References
1976 =item Acknowledgements
1984 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1990 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1992 =item Threaded Program Models
2004 =item Native threads
2006 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2008 =item Threadsafe Modules
2014 =item Basic Thread Support
2016 =item Creating Threads
2018 =item Giving up control
2020 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2022 =item Errors In Threads
2024 =item Ignoring A Thread
2028 =item Threads And Data
2032 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2034 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2036 =item Controlling access: lock()
2038 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2040 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2044 =item Threads And Code
2048 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2050 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2052 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2054 =item Subroutine Locks
2058 =item Locking A Subroutine
2062 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2066 =item What Thread Am I In?
2070 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2072 =item What Threads Are Running?
2076 =item A Complete Example
2084 =item Introductory Texts
2086 =item OS-Related References
2088 =item Other References
2092 =item Acknowledgements
2100 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2106 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2115 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2117 =item Files and Filesystems
2119 =item System Interaction
2121 =item Command names versus file pathnames
2123 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2125 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2127 =item Standard Modules
2131 =item Character sets and character encoding
2133 =item Internationalisation
2135 =item System Resources
2145 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2146 http://testers.cpan.org/
2154 =item DOS and Derivatives
2162 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2170 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2174 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2176 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2177 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2178 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2179 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2180 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2181 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2182 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2183 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2184 getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
2185 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
2186 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
2187 EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
2188 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
2189 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
2190 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
2191 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
2192 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2193 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2194 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2195 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2196 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2197 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2198 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2199 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2200 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2206 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2207 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2208 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2209 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2210 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2211 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2213 =item Supported Platforms
2217 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2221 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2228 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2234 =item The use locale pragma
2236 =item The setlocale function
2238 =item Finding locales
2240 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2242 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2244 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2246 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2248 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2250 =item The localeconv function
2252 =item I18N::Langinfo
2256 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2260 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2262 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2264 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2266 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2270 =item Other categories
2278 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2279 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2285 =item Backward compatibility
2287 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2289 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2291 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2293 =item Freely available locale definitions
2297 =item An imperfect standard
2301 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2307 =item Broken systems
2317 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2327 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2329 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2331 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2333 =item Creating Unicode
2335 =item Handling Unicode
2337 =item Legacy Encodings
2341 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2345 =item Advanced Topics
2349 =item Questions With Answers
2351 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2353 =item Further Resources
2357 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2361 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2363 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2367 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2375 =item Important Caveats
2377 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
2378 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2380 =item Byte and Character Semantics
2382 =item Effects of Character Semantics
2388 =item User-Defined Character Properties
2390 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
2392 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2394 =item Unicode Encodings
2396 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2398 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2402 =item Using Unicode in XS
2410 =item Interaction with Locales
2412 =item Interaction with Extensions
2422 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2428 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2436 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2440 =item 13 variant characters
2448 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2450 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2452 =item Unicode and UTF
2458 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2460 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2462 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2476 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2478 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2480 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2482 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2490 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2492 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2494 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2496 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2500 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2504 =item URL decoding and encoding
2506 =item uu encoding and decoding
2508 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2510 =item Caesarian ciphers
2514 =item Hashing order and checksums
2518 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2530 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2550 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2558 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2560 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2562 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2566 =item Protecting Your Programs
2576 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2588 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2594 =item Making your module threadsafe
2602 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2612 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2613 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2627 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2633 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2637 =item Pragmatic Modules
2639 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
2640 charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer,
2641 less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs,
2642 threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2644 =item Standard Modules
2646 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2647 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2648 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2649 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2650 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2651 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2652 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest,
2653 DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
2654 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
2655 ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2656 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
2657 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
2658 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
2659 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2660 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2661 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2662 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2663 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2664 File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2665 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2666 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2667 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2668 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
2669 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2670 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2671 Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2672 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
2673 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
2674 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2675 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2676 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2677 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2678 PerlIO, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions,
2679 Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink,
2680 Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text,
2681 Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage,
2682 SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
2683 Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
2684 Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
2685 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
2686 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2687 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2688 Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2689 Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2690 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate,
2691 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2693 =item Extension Modules
2707 China, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Russian
2708 Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
2710 =item Central America
2716 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
2717 Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
2718 Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
2719 Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United
2724 Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico
2728 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
2729 Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York,
2730 North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas,
2731 Utah, Virginia, ashington, Wisconsin
2735 Australia, New Zealand
2739 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
2745 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2749 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2751 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2753 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2761 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2767 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2771 =item Before you start
2779 =item Release considerations
2783 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2787 =item Has it been done before?
2789 =item Do one thing and do it well
2791 =item What's in a name?
2795 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2799 =item To OO or not to OO?
2801 =item Designing your API
2803 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2804 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2807 =item Strictness and warnings
2809 =item Backwards compatibility
2811 =item Error handling and messages
2815 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2821 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2825 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2829 =item Version numbering
2831 =item Pre-requisites
2841 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2845 =item Reinventing the wheel
2847 =item Trying to do too much
2849 =item Inappropriate documentation
2855 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2856 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2862 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2872 =item What should I make into a module?
2874 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2876 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2878 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2880 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2881 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2882 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2884 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2886 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2887 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2897 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
2898 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
2908 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2910 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2912 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2914 =item What is perl6?
2916 =item How stable is Perl?
2918 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2920 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2923 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2925 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2927 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2929 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2931 =item What is a JAPH?
2933 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2935 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2936 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2940 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2944 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $,
2945 $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
2953 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2955 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2957 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2959 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2962 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2963 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2965 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2966 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2968 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2970 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2972 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2974 =item Where should I post source code?
2978 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2980 =item Perl in Magazines
2982 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2984 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2986 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2988 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2990 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2992 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2996 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3000 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06
3009 =item How do I do (anything)?
3011 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
3013 =item Is there a Perl shell?
3015 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
3017 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
3019 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
3021 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
3023 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
3025 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
3027 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
3028 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
3029 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
3031 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
3033 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
3035 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
3037 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
3039 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
3041 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
3043 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
3045 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
3046 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
3048 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
3050 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3052 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3054 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3056 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3058 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3060 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3062 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3064 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3066 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3068 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3070 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3072 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3073 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3075 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3077 =item What's MakeMaker?
3081 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3085 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3096 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3097 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3099 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3101 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3104 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3106 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
3107 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
3108 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
3109 from decimal to binary
3111 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3113 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3115 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3117 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3119 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3121 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3129 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
3131 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
3133 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3135 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3137 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3139 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3141 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3149 =item How do I validate input?
3151 =item How do I unescape a string?
3153 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3155 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3157 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3159 =item How do I reverse a string?
3161 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3163 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3165 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
3167 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3169 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3172 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3174 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3175 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3177 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3179 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3181 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3183 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3185 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3187 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3189 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3191 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3192 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3201 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3203 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3205 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3209 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3212 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3213 intersection of two arrays?
3215 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3217 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3219 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3221 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3223 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3225 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3227 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3229 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3231 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3233 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3235 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3239 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3243 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3245 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3248 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3250 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3252 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3254 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3256 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3258 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3260 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3262 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3264 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3266 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3268 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3271 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3272 array of hashes or arrays?
3274 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3282 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3284 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3286 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3288 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3290 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3292 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3294 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3298 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3302 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3311 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3313 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3314 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3316 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3318 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3320 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3322 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3323 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3325 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3327 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3329 =item How can I write() into a string?
3331 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3333 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3335 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3337 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3339 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3341 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3343 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3345 =item How can I lock a file?
3347 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3349 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3350 the file. How can I do this?
3352 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3353 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3355 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3357 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3359 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3361 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3363 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3365 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3367 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3369 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3371 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3373 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3375 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3377 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3378 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3380 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3382 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3383 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3385 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3387 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3391 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3395 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2002/06/01
3404 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3405 and unmaintainable code?
3407 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3409 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3411 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3414 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3416 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3419 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3421 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3423 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3425 =item What is C</o> really for?
3427 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3430 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3432 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3434 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3436 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3438 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3440 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3442 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3444 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3446 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3448 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3450 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3452 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3454 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3458 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3462 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
3463 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)
3471 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3473 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3476 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3479 =item How do I skip some return values?
3481 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3483 =item What's an extension?
3485 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3487 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3489 =item How do I create a module?
3491 =item How do I create a class?
3493 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3495 =item What's a closure?
3497 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3499 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3502 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3505 =item How do I create a static variable?
3507 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3508 Between local() and my()?
3510 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3513 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3515 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3517 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3519 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3521 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3523 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3525 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3527 =item How can I find out my current package?
3529 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3531 =item How do I clear a package?
3533 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3537 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3541 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16
3550 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3552 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3554 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3556 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3558 =item How do I print something out in color?
3560 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3562 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3564 =item How do I clear the screen?
3566 =item How do I get the screen size?
3568 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3570 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3572 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3574 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3576 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3578 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3580 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3582 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3584 =item How do I set the time and date?
3586 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3588 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3590 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3592 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3593 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3595 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3597 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3599 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3601 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3603 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3605 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3607 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3609 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3611 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3613 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3616 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3618 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3620 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3622 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3625 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3626 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3627 changes to be visible?
3631 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3634 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3636 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3638 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3640 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3642 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3644 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3646 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3648 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3650 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3652 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3654 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3656 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3659 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3661 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3665 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3669 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13
3678 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3680 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3683 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3685 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3687 =item How do I extract URLs?
3689 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3690 file on another machine?
3692 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3694 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3696 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3698 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3700 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3702 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3704 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3706 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3707 CGI script to do bad things?
3709 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3711 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3713 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3715 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3717 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3719 =item How do I send mail?
3721 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3723 =item How do I read mail?
3725 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3727 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3729 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3731 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3735 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3739 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3749 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3753 =item Using The Back Ends
3757 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3761 =item The Decompiling Back End
3763 =item The Lint Back End
3765 =item The Simple C Back End
3767 =item The Bytecode Back End
3769 =item The Optimized C Back End
3773 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3775 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3776 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3777 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3779 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3785 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3795 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3796 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3800 =item Compiling your C program
3802 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3804 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3806 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3808 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3810 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3812 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3814 =item Execution of END blocks
3816 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3818 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3823 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3833 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3839 =item Debugger Internals
3843 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3847 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3849 =item Debugging regular expressions
3853 =item Compile-time output
3855 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3856 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3857 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3860 =item Types of nodes
3862 =item Run-time output
3866 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3870 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3872 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3873 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3876 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3878 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3880 =item B<-DL> details
3884 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3892 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3904 =item Version caveat
3906 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3918 =item What has gone on?
3920 =item Writing good test scripts
3924 =item What's new here?
3926 =item Input and Output Parameters
3928 =item The XSUBPP Program
3930 =item The TYPEMAP file
3932 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3936 =item What has happened here?
3938 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3940 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3942 =item More about XSUB arguments
3944 =item The Argument Stack
3946 =item Extending your Extension
3948 =item Documenting your Extension
3950 =item Installing your Extension
3954 =item New Things in this Example
3958 =item New Things in this Example
3960 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3962 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3964 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
3966 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3982 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3994 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3996 =item The Argument Stack
3998 =item The RETVAL Variable
4000 =item The MODULE Keyword
4002 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4004 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4006 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4008 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4010 =item The CODE: Keyword
4012 =item The INIT: Keyword
4014 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4016 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4018 =item Default Parameter Values
4020 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4022 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4024 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4026 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4028 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4030 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4032 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4034 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4036 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4038 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4040 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4042 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4044 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4046 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4048 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4050 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4052 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4054 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4056 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4058 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4060 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4062 =item The CASE: Keyword
4064 =item The & Unary Operator
4066 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4068 =item Using XS With C++
4070 =item Interface Strategy
4072 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4076 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4078 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4090 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4100 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4102 =item File Operations
4104 =item File Input and Output
4106 =item File Positioning
4108 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4110 =item Character Class Tests
4112 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4114 =item Miscellaneous functions
4122 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4134 =item What is an "IV"?
4136 =item Working with SVs
4140 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4142 =item Working with AVs
4144 =item Working with HVs
4146 =item Hash API Extensions
4150 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4152 =item Creating New Variables
4154 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4156 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4158 =item Stashes and Globs
4160 =item Double-Typed SVs
4162 =item Magic Variables
4164 =item Assigning Magic
4166 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4170 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4172 =item Localizing changes
4174 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4175 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4176 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4177 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4178 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4179 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4180 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4181 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4182 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4183 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4191 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4193 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4195 =item Memory Allocation
4199 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4203 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4213 =item Examining the tree
4215 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4217 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4219 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4221 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4223 =item Pluggable runops
4227 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4229 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4233 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4235 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4237 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4239 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4241 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4245 =item Internal Functions
4247 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4251 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4253 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4255 =item Source Documentation
4259 =item Unicode Support
4263 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4265 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4267 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4269 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4271 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4273 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4277 =item Custom Operators
4285 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4291 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4293 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4295 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4315 =item Determining the Context
4319 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4325 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4327 =item Passing Parameters
4329 =item Returning a Scalar
4331 =item Returning a list of values
4333 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4335 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4339 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4343 =item Using call_argv
4345 =item Using call_method
4349 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4351 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4353 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4354 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4357 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4359 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4371 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4381 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4382 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4383 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4384 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4388 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4390 =item Administration
4392 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4396 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4397 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4405 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4415 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4417 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4419 B<Decryption Filters>
4421 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4423 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4425 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4437 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4445 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4446 B<filter_fetch_value>
4452 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4454 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4464 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4470 =item "Gimme" Values
4472 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4474 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4476 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4477 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4478 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4480 =item Callback Functions
4482 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4483 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4485 =item Character classes
4487 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4489 =item Cloning an interpreter
4493 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4495 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4497 =item Embedding Functions
4499 load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4500 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4502 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4504 pack_cat, unpack_str
4506 =item Global Variables
4508 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4512 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4513 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4517 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4519 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4521 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4522 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4523 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4524 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4525 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4527 =item Magical Functions
4529 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4530 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4531 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4533 =item Memory Management
4535 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4536 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4538 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4540 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4541 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4543 =item Numeric functions
4545 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4548 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4550 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4552 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4554 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4555 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4556 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4557 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4558 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4562 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4564 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4566 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4567 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4568 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4569 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4570 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4571 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4572 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4573 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4574 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4575 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4576 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4577 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
4578 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
4579 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4580 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4581 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4582 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4583 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
4584 sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4585 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4586 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4587 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
4588 sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
4589 sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
4590 sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4591 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4592 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
4593 sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
4594 sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
4595 sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
4596 sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode,
4597 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags,
4598 sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4600 =item Unicode Support
4602 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4603 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4604 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4605 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4606 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4608 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4610 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4611 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4613 =item Warning and Dieing
4623 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4630 =item Global Variables
4632 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4643 =item Pad Data Structures
4647 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4651 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4653 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4661 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4671 =item History and Background
4673 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4675 =item Data Structures
4677 =item Functions and Attributes
4679 =item Per-instance Data
4681 =item Layers in action.
4683 =item Per-instance flag bits
4685 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4686 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4687 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4688 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4690 =item Methods in Detail
4692 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4693 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4694 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4695 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4700 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4702 =item Extension Layers
4704 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4712 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4720 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4721 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4722 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4723 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4724 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4725 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4726 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4727 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4728 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4729 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4730 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4734 =item Co-existence with stdio
4736 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4737 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4739 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4741 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4742 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4743 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4744 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4746 =item Other Functions
4748 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4749 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4755 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4761 =item To do during 5.6.x
4765 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4767 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4769 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4771 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4773 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4777 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4779 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
4781 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4783 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4785 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4787 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4789 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4791 =item Complete signal handling
4793 =item Out-of-source builds
4795 =item POSIX realtime support
4797 =item UNIX98 support
4801 =item Long double conversion
4805 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4807 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4809 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4811 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4813 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4815 =item Custom opcodes
4817 =item DLL Versioning
4819 =item Introduce @( and @)
4821 =item Floating point handling
4823 =item IV/UV preservation
4825 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4827 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4829 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4831 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4833 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4835 =item Document Win32 choices
4837 =item Check new modules
4839 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4843 =item To do at some point
4847 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4849 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4851 =item bitfields in pack
4853 =item Cross compilation
4855 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4857 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4859 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4861 =item -i rename file when changed
4863 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4865 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4867 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4869 =item my sub foo { }
4871 =item One-pass global destruction
4873 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4875 =item Cache recently used regexps
4877 =item Cross-compilation support
4879 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4881 =item debugger pragma
4883 =item use less pragma
4885 =item switch structures
4887 =item Cache eval tree
4891 =item Shrink opcode tables
4893 =item Optimize away @_
4895 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4899 =item Prototype method calls
4901 =item Return context prototype declarations
4905 =item Garbage collection
4909 =item Rewrite perldoc
4911 =item Install .3p manpages
4913 =item Unicode tutorial
4915 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4917 =item Retargetable installation
4919 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4921 =item Rename Win32 headers
4923 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4925 =item Update sprintf documentation
4927 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4929 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4931 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
4933 =item Should overload be inheritable?
4943 =item ref() in list context
4945 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4947 =item Compile to real threaded code
4949 =item Structured types
4951 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4953 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4957 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4961 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4963 =item Constant function cache
4965 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4973 =item Update guts documentation
4975 =item Add more tests
4977 =item Update auxiliary tools
4979 =item Create debugging macros
4981 =item truncate to the people
4983 =item Unicode in Filenames
4987 =item Recently done things
4991 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4993 =item Safe signal handling
4999 =item setitimer and getimiter
5001 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5003 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5005 =item Explicit switch statements
5013 =item perlcc to produce executable
5015 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5017 =item Secure temporary file module
5019 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5021 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5023 =item Mmap for input
5025 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
5027 =item Add sockatmark support
5029 =item Mailing list archives
5033 =item Integrate MacPerl
5035 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5037 =item Regular expression tutorial
5039 =item Debugging Tutorial
5041 =item Integrate new modules
5043 =item Integrate profiler
5045 =item Y2K error detection
5047 =item Regular expression debugger
5051 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5053 =item Cache precompiled modules
5057 =item Deprecated Wishes
5061 =item Loop control on do{}
5063 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5069 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5071 =item Named prototypes
5073 =item Built-in globbing
5075 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5077 =item Cached hash values
5079 =item Add compression modules
5081 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5083 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5085 =item Make XS easier to use
5087 =item Make embedding easier to use
5091 =item my $Package::variable
5093 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5095 =item "class"-based lexicals
5099 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5101 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5103 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5105 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5111 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5117 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5118 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5119 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5120 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5121 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5122 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5123 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5127 =item Keeping in sync
5129 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5130 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5132 =item Why rsync the source tree
5134 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
5136 =item Why rsync the patches
5138 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5139 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5141 =item Perlbug remote interface
5143 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
5144 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
5146 =item Submitting patches
5148 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5149 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5151 =item Finding Your Way Around
5153 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5155 =item Elements of the interpreter
5157 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5159 =item Internal Variable Types
5165 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5167 =item Millions of Macros
5169 =item Poking at Perl
5171 =item Using a source-level debugger
5173 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5174 finish, 'enter', print
5176 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5180 =item Patching a core module
5182 =item Adding a new function to the core
5184 =item Writing a test
5186 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5187 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5189 =item Special Make Test Targets
5191 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
5192 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8
5196 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5200 =item Rational Software's Purify
5202 =item Purify on Unix
5204 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5208 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5210 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5212 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5216 =item Gprof Profiling
5218 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5220 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5222 =item Pixie Profiling
5224 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5227 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5231 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5239 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5247 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5259 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5261 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5265 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5269 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5275 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5277 =item Incompatible Changes
5281 =item Binary Incompatibility
5283 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5285 =item AIX Dynaloading
5287 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
5289 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5291 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5293 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>)
5295 =item New Unicode Properties
5297 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5299 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5301 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
5307 =item Core Enhancements
5311 =item Unicode Overhaul
5313 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5317 =item Restricted Hashes
5321 =item Understanding of Numbers
5323 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5325 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5329 =item Modules and Pragmata
5333 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5335 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5339 =item Utility Changes
5341 =item New Documentation
5343 =item Performance Enhancements
5345 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5349 =item Generic Improvements
5351 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5355 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5359 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5363 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5365 =item Changed Internals
5367 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
5371 =item Known Problems
5375 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5377 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5379 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5381 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5383 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5385 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5387 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5389 =item PDL failing some tests
5393 =item Self-tying Problems
5395 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5397 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5399 =item Timing problems
5401 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
5403 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
5407 =item Platform Specific Problems
5413 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5419 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
5421 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
5423 =item DJGPP does not build
5425 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
5427 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
5429 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
5431 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5433 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5435 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5439 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
5441 =item OS/2 Test Failures
5443 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5447 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
5449 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
5451 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5463 =item XML::Parser not working
5467 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5469 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5473 =item Reporting Bugs
5481 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5487 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5489 =item Incompatible Changes
5493 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5495 =item AIX Dynaloading
5497 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5499 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5505 =item Core Enhancements
5507 =item Modules and Pragmata
5511 =item New Modules and Distributions
5513 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5517 =item Utility Changes
5519 =item New Documentation
5521 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5525 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5527 =item Generic Improvements
5531 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5535 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5539 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5541 =item Source Code Enhancements
5545 =item MAGIC constants
5547 =item Better commented code
5549 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5557 =item Known Problems
5563 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5565 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5567 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5569 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5571 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5573 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5577 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5579 =item Failure of Thread tests
5589 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5591 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5593 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5595 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5597 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5599 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5603 =item Reporting Bugs
5611 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5617 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5619 =item Incompatible Changes
5621 =item Core Enhancements
5625 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5627 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5629 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5633 =item Modules and Pragmata
5639 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5643 =item Performance Enhancements
5645 =item Utility Changes
5647 =item New Documentation
5663 =item README.solaris
5667 =item Porting/repository.pod
5671 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5675 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5677 =item Generic Improvements
5679 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5680 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5681 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5685 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5689 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5693 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5695 =item Changed Internals
5699 =item Known Problems
5703 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5705 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5707 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5709 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5713 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5715 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5717 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5719 =item Failure of Thread tests
5721 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5723 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5725 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5727 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5731 =item Reporting Bugs
5739 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5745 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5747 =item Incompatible Changes
5749 =item Core Enhancements
5751 =item Modules and Pragmata
5757 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5761 =item Utility Changes
5763 =item New Documentation
5765 =item Performance Enhancements
5767 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5771 =item Generic Improvements
5775 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5779 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5783 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5785 =item Changed Internals
5787 =item Known Problems
5791 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5793 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5795 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5797 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5799 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5801 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5803 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5805 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5807 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5809 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5813 =item Reporting Bugs
5821 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5827 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5831 =item Security Issues
5833 =item Core bug fixes
5835 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5836 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5837 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5838 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5839 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5840 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5845 =item Configuration issues
5849 =item Bundled modules
5851 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5852 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5853 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5854 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5856 =item Platform-specific improvements
5858 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5862 =item Core Enhancements
5866 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5868 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5870 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5872 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5874 =item "our" declarations
5876 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5878 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5880 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5882 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5884 =item open() with more than two arguments
5886 =item 64-bit support
5888 =item Large file support
5894 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5896 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5898 =item File globbing implemented internally
5900 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5902 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5904 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5906 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5908 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5910 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5912 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5914 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5916 =item Comments in pack() templates
5918 =item Weak references
5920 =item Binary numbers supported
5922 =item Lvalue subroutines
5924 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5926 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5928 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5930 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5932 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5934 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5936 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5938 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5940 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5942 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5944 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5946 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5948 =item Improved diagnostics
5950 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5952 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5954 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5956 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5958 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5960 =item Improved security features
5962 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5964 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5966 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5968 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5970 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5972 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5974 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5978 =item Modules and Pragmata
5984 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5985 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5986 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5987 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5988 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5989 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5990 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5991 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5997 =item Utility Changes
6011 =item The Perl Debugger
6015 =item Improved Documentation
6017 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6018 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6019 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6020 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6022 =item Performance enhancements
6026 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6028 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6030 =item Faster subroutine calls
6032 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6036 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6040 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6042 =item New Configure flags
6044 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6050 =item -Duselargefiles
6052 =item installusrbinperl
6058 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6060 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6064 =item Platform specific changes
6068 =item Supported platforms
6072 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6080 =item Significant bug fixes
6084 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6086 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6088 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6090 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6092 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6094 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6096 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6098 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6100 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6102 =item Locale bugs fixed
6106 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6108 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6110 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6112 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6116 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6118 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6119 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6120 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6121 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6122 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6123 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6124 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6125 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6126 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6127 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6128 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6129 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6130 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6131 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6132 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6133 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6134 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6135 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6136 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6137 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6138 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6139 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6140 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6141 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6142 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6143 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6144 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6145 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6146 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6147 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6148 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6149 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6150 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6151 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6152 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6153 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6154 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6155 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6156 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6157 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6158 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6159 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6160 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6161 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6162 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6163 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6164 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6165 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6166 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6167 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6171 =item Incompatible Changes
6175 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6177 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6178 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6179 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6180 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6181 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6182 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6183 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6184 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6185 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6186 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6187 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6189 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6191 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6193 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6195 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6197 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6201 =item Known Problems
6205 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6207 =item Known test failures
6209 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6211 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6213 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6215 =item Experimental features
6217 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6218 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6219 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6223 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6225 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6226 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6227 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6228 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6230 =item Reporting Bugs
6238 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6244 =item Core Enhancements
6248 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6250 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6252 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6254 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6256 =item "our" declarations
6258 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6260 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6262 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6264 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6266 =item open() with more than two arguments
6268 =item 64-bit support
6270 =item Large file support
6276 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6278 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6280 =item File globbing implemented internally
6282 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6284 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6286 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6288 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6290 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6292 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6294 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6296 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6298 =item Comments in pack() templates
6300 =item Weak references
6302 =item Binary numbers supported
6304 =item Lvalue subroutines
6306 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6308 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6310 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6312 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6314 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6316 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6318 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6320 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6322 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6324 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6326 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6328 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6330 =item Improved diagnostics
6332 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6334 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6336 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6338 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6340 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6342 =item Improved security features
6344 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6346 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6348 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6350 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6352 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6354 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6356 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6360 =item Modules and Pragmata
6366 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6367 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6368 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6369 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6370 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6371 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6372 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6373 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6379 =item Utility Changes
6393 =item The Perl Debugger
6397 =item Improved Documentation
6399 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6400 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6401 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6402 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6404 =item Performance enhancements
6408 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6410 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6412 =item Faster subroutine calls
6414 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6418 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6422 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6424 =item New Configure flags
6426 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6432 =item -Duselargefiles
6434 =item installusrbinperl
6440 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6444 =item Platform specific changes
6448 =item Supported platforms
6452 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6460 =item Significant bug fixes
6464 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6466 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6468 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6470 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6472 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6474 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6476 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6478 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6480 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6482 =item Locale bugs fixed
6486 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6488 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6490 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6492 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6496 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6498 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6499 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6500 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6501 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6502 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6503 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6504 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6505 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6506 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6507 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6508 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6509 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6510 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6511 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6512 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6513 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6514 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6515 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6516 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6517 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6518 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6519 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6520 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6521 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6522 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6523 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6524 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6525 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6526 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6527 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6528 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6529 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6530 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6531 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6532 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6533 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6534 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6535 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6536 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6537 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6538 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6539 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6540 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6541 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6542 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6543 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6544 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6545 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6546 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6547 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6551 =item Incompatible Changes
6555 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6557 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6558 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6559 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6560 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6561 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6562 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6563 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6564 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6565 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6566 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6567 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6569 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6571 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6573 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6575 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6577 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6581 =item Known Problems
6585 =item Thread test failures
6587 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6589 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6591 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6593 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6596 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6598 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6600 =item Experimental features
6602 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6603 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6604 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6608 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6610 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6611 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6612 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6613 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6615 =item Reporting Bugs
6623 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6629 =item About the new versioning system
6631 =item Incompatible Changes
6635 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6637 =item Default installation structure has changed
6639 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6641 =item C Source Compatibility
6643 =item Binary Compatibility
6645 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6647 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6661 =item Regular Expressions
6663 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6664 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6665 improvements, Incompatible changes
6667 =item Improved malloc()
6669 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6671 =item Reliable signals
6673 =item Reliable stack pointers
6675 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6679 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6681 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6683 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6685 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6687 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6689 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6691 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6693 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6695 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6697 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6699 =item Better locale support
6701 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6703 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6705 =item Extended support for exception handling
6707 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6709 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6711 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6713 =item New C<lock> keyword
6715 =item New C<qr//> operator
6717 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6719 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6721 =item Tied handles support is better
6723 =item 4th argument to substr
6725 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6727 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6729 =item <> now reads in records
6733 =item Supported Platforms
6739 =item Changes in existing support
6743 =item Modules and Pragmata
6749 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6750 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6751 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6753 =item Changes in existing modules
6755 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6756 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6760 =item Utility Changes
6762 =item Documentation Changes
6764 =item New Diagnostics
6766 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6767 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6768 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6769 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6770 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6771 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6772 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6773 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6774 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6775 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6776 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6777 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6778 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6779 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6780 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6781 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6782 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6784 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6786 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6787 temporary file, regexp too big
6789 =item Configuration Changes
6799 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6805 =item Supported Environments
6811 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6813 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6815 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6817 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6819 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6821 =item More precise warnings
6823 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6825 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6827 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6829 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6831 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6833 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6835 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6837 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6839 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6841 =item Changes to tainting checks
6843 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6844 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6846 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6848 =item Embedding improvements
6850 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6852 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6854 =item New and changed syntax
6858 =item New and changed builtin constants
6862 =item New and changed builtin variables
6866 =item New and changed builtin functions
6868 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6869 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6870 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6871 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6872 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6874 =item New builtin methods
6876 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6878 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6880 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6881 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6883 =item Malloc enhancements
6885 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6887 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6891 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6907 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6908 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6914 =item Required Updates
6916 =item Installation directories
6918 =item Module information summary
6932 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6936 =item Utility Changes
6942 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6946 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6950 =item C Language API Changes
6952 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6955 =item Documentation Changes
6957 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6958 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6960 =item New Diagnostics
6962 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6963 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6964 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6965 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6966 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6967 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6968 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6969 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6970 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6971 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6972 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6973 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6974 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6975 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6976 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6977 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6978 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6979 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6980 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6981 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6982 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6983 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6984 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6985 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6986 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6996 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7004 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7008 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7010 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7012 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7014 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7020 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7030 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
7040 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7056 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7058 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7060 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7062 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7068 =item Accessing documentation
7072 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7074 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7076 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7078 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7082 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7086 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7088 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7090 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7092 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7094 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7098 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7106 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7114 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7116 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7120 =item Contact Information
7122 =item Update 2002-05-30
7128 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7138 =item gzip on BS2000
7140 =item bison on BS2000
7142 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7144 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7146 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7148 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7150 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7152 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7154 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7188 =item Acknowledgements
7194 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7200 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7204 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7206 =item Cygwin Configuration
7208 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7212 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7216 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7218 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7220 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7221 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7223 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7225 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7226 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7229 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7231 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7235 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7239 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7245 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7249 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7251 =item NDBM_File does not work on FAT filesystems
7253 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7255 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7259 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7261 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7263 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7264 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7266 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7274 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7286 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7290 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7292 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7294 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7296 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7306 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7316 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7320 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7322 =item Building Perl on DOS
7324 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7326 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7330 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7334 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7336 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7338 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7340 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7350 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7358 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7360 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7364 =item Editors on Epoc
7366 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7368 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7370 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7374 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7382 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
7390 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
7392 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
7394 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
7402 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7411 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7413 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7425 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7427 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7429 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7431 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7433 =item The GNU C Compiler
7435 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7437 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7439 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7441 =item Oracle on HP-UX
7443 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7445 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7447 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7449 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7453 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7461 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7469 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7477 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
7485 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
7487 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
7489 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
7491 =item Linker Problems in Irix
7493 =item Malloc in Irix
7495 =item Building with threads in Irix
7503 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7512 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7514 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7516 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7518 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7528 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7542 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7548 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7554 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7562 =item Binary distribution from HP
7564 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7566 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7568 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7570 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7572 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7574 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7575 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7577 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7581 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7583 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7585 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7587 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7589 =item Perl/iX Change History
7605 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
7617 =item Build new extensions
7619 =item Acknowledgements
7627 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7647 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7649 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7651 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7655 =item Frequently asked questions
7659 =item "It does not work"
7661 =item I cannot run external programs
7663 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7666 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7669 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7671 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7679 =item Automatic binary installation
7681 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7683 =item Manual binary installation
7685 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7686 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7687 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7688 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7689 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7695 =item Accessing documentation
7699 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7707 =item GNU C<info> files
7719 =item The short story
7723 =item Getting perl source
7725 =item Application of the patches
7733 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7736 =item Installing the built perl
7738 =item C<a.out>-style build
7746 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7748 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7750 =item Problems with tr or sed
7752 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7754 =item Library ... not found
7756 =item Segfault in make
7758 =item op/sprintf test failure
7762 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7766 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7770 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7772 =item Additional modules:
7774 =item Prebuilt methods:
7776 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7777 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7778 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7779 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7780 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7781 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7782 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7783 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7784 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7785 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7786 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
7787 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
7789 =item Prebuilt variables:
7791 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
7798 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7801 =item Identifying DLLs
7803 =item Centralized management of resources
7805 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
7806 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
7807 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
7808 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
7822 =item F<perl___.exe>
7824 =item Why strange names?
7826 =item Why dynamic linking?
7828 =item Why chimera build?
7836 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7838 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7840 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7842 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7844 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7846 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7854 =item Text-mode filehandles
7858 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7860 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7862 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7865 =item DLL forwarder generation
7869 =item Calls to external programs
7871 =item Memory allocation
7875 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7891 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7904 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7906 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7908 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7910 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7912 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7914 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7916 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7918 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7920 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7922 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7932 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7940 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7948 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7950 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7952 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7954 =item QNX auxiliary files
7958 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7966 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7976 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7978 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7980 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7982 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7986 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7990 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
8002 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
8010 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
8016 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
8022 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
8024 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
8026 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
8030 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
8034 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
8036 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
8038 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
8042 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
8044 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
8045 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
8046 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8052 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8054 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8058 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8060 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8064 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8068 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8070 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8074 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8076 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8078 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8088 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8089 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8097 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8099 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8101 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8103 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8105 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8107 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8111 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8113 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8115 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8121 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8129 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8131 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8137 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8147 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8149 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8151 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8153 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8155 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8165 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8171 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8179 =item Organization of Perl Images
8185 =item Perl Extensions
8187 =item Installing static extensions
8189 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8193 =item File specifications
8199 =item Wildcard expansion
8205 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8211 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8213 =item Command line switches
8219 =item Perl functions
8221 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8222 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8223 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8224 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8226 =item Perl variables
8228 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8230 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8244 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8252 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
8254 =item Stratus POSIX Support
8258 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8262 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
8264 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
8268 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8272 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
8274 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8276 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8282 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8290 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8300 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8302 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8303 SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC
8307 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8309 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8311 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8313 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8314 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8315 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
8317 =item Running Perl Scripts
8319 Miscellaneous Things
8323 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8327 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8328 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8329 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8337 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8339 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8351 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8361 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8362 data structures between threads
8374 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8375 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8387 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8396 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8397 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
8398 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
8402 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8408 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
8409 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8411 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8417 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8427 =item Built-in Attributes
8429 locked, method, lvalue
8431 =item Available Subroutines
8435 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8437 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8439 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8447 =item Default exports
8449 =item Available exports
8451 =item Export tags defined
8461 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8473 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8489 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8503 =head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
8515 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8519 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8539 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8551 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8555 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8575 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
8597 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8598 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8599 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8600 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8601 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
8611 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8625 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8638 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8647 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8649 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8651 =item charnames::vianame(name)
8655 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8661 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8673 =item List constants
8675 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8677 =item Magic constants
8681 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8691 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8702 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8704 =item The I<splain> Program
8718 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
8728 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
8729 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
8737 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
8741 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
8743 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
8745 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
8747 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8753 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8767 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8777 =item subpragma access
8783 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8797 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8808 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8818 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8828 =item Adding directories to @INC
8830 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8832 =item Restoring original @INC
8846 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8857 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
8865 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8867 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8873 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8885 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8895 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8897 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8899 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8901 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8903 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8905 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8907 =item Overloadable Operations
8909 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8910 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8911 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8913 =item Inheritance and overloading
8915 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8916 is inherited by derived classes
8920 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8928 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8930 =item Copy Constructor
8936 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8938 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8939 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8940 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8943 =item Losing overloading
8945 =item Run-time Overloading
8947 =item Public functions
8949 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8951 =item Overloading constants
8953 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8955 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8957 =item Metaphor clash
8963 =item Two-face scalars
8965 =item Two-face references
8967 =item Symbolic calculator
8969 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8977 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8978 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8984 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8994 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
9006 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
9008 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
9012 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
9016 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
9024 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
9036 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
9044 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9048 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9058 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9067 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9068 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9069 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9073 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9079 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
9080 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
9082 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9088 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9089 structures between threads
9101 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9102 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9114 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9125 =item Utility functions
9127 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
9128 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9139 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9149 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9157 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9161 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9169 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9170 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9171 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9172 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9173 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9177 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9187 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9189 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9199 =item DBM Comparisons
9209 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9219 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9223 =item Typed lexicals
9225 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9227 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9229 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9231 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9239 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9240 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9241 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9242 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9243 be able to apply END handler>
9253 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9263 =item Subroutine Stubs
9265 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9267 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9269 =item Package Lexicals
9271 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9273 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9283 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9291 $keep, $check, $modtime
9295 =item Multiple packages
9303 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9311 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9315 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9323 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9337 =item B::PVMG METHODS
9341 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
9343 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9345 =item B::PVLV METHODS
9347 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9351 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9355 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9356 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9360 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9361 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9365 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
9369 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
9374 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9376 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9380 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9382 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9386 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9390 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9394 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9398 =item B::PMOP METHODS
9400 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9401 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9403 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9407 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9411 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9415 =item B::LOOP METHODS
9417 redoop, nextop, lastop
9419 =item B::COP METHODS
9421 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
9425 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
9427 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
9428 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
9429 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
9430 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
9431 cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9437 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9446 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9452 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9464 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9484 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9494 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9495 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9496 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9506 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9516 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9517 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9518 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9529 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9539 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9540 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9541 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9553 =item Context of ".."
9557 =item Deprecated features
9565 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9577 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9578 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9579 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9581 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9583 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9584 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9585 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9586 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9587 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9588 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9589 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9590 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9596 =item OP flags abbreviations
9598 =item OP class abbreviations
9602 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9608 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9620 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9630 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9631 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9633 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9643 =item ambient_pragmas
9645 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9657 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9669 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9677 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9679 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9680 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9682 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9692 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9702 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9710 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9722 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9734 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9736 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9748 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9758 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
9766 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9786 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9800 =item Standard Exports
9802 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9803 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9804 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9806 =item Optional Exports
9808 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9809 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9810 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9826 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9830 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9844 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9854 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9855 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9856 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9866 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9878 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9880 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9882 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9884 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9886 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9888 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9890 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9892 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9894 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9896 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9898 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9900 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9902 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9904 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9906 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9908 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9910 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9912 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9913 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9917 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9918 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9921 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9923 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9924 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9929 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9933 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9935 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9937 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9939 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9941 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9943 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9945 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9947 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9948 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9950 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9954 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9958 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9960 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9962 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9964 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9966 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9968 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9969 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9971 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9975 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9979 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9981 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9983 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9985 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9989 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9991 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9993 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9997 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9999 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
10003 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
10007 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
10011 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
10015 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
10019 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
10021 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
10023 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
10027 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
10031 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
10037 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
10038 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
10040 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
10042 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
10043 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
10046 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10052 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10056 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10058 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10059 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
10060 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10061 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
10062 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10064 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10066 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
10071 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
10073 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
10075 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
10076 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
10078 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
10080 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10084 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
10085 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10086 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10087 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10088 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10089 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10090 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10091 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10092 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10093 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10094 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10095 ...and many many more..
10097 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10105 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10115 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10123 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10132 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10134 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10138 =item Changing the default message
10142 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10152 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10160 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10162 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10166 =item Creating New Cookies
10168 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10170 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10172 =item Manipulating Cookies
10174 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10178 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10186 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10194 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10196 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10198 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10200 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10202 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10204 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10208 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10216 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10226 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10228 =item Customizing the Indenting
10240 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10248 =item USING CGI::Push
10250 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10254 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10256 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10260 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10262 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10270 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10280 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10288 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10296 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10302 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10312 =item Interactive Mode
10314 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10315 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10316 distribution, ls author, Signals
10324 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10326 =item Programmer's interface
10328 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10330 =item Methods in the other Classes
10332 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10333 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10334 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10335 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10336 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10337 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10338 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10339 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10340 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10341 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10342 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10343 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10344 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10345 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10346 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10347 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10348 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10349 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10350 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10351 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10352 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10353 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10354 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10355 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10356 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10357 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10359 =item Cache Manager
10363 =item Prerequisites
10365 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10369 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10373 =item CONFIGURATION
10375 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10376 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10377 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10378 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10382 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10384 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10392 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10394 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10398 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10400 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10402 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10408 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10420 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10430 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10443 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10453 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10461 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10463 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10473 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10474 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10475 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10477 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10485 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10495 =item The C<struct()> function
10497 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10499 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10501 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10502 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10504 =item Initializing with C<new>
10510 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10512 =item Author and Modification History
10516 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10524 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10536 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10540 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10541 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10542 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10543 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10547 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10551 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10552 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10553 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10554 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10555 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10556 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10557 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10561 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10562 C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
10563 C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
10564 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
10565 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
10566 C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
10567 C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
10568 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
10569 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
10570 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
10571 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
10572 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
10573 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
10574 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
10575 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
10576 C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>,
10577 C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
10578 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
10579 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
10580 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>,
10581 C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
10582 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>,
10583 C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>,
10584 C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
10585 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>,
10586 C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
10587 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
10588 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>,
10589 C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>,
10590 C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>,
10591 C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
10592 C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>,
10593 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>,
10594 C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
10595 C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>,
10596 C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
10597 C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
10598 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
10599 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
10600 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
10601 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
10602 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
10603 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
10604 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
10605 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
10606 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
10607 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
10608 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
10609 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
10610 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
10611 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
10612 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
10613 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
10614 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
10615 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
10616 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
10617 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
10618 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
10619 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
10620 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
10621 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
10622 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
10623 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
10624 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
10625 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
10626 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
10627 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
10628 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
10629 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>,
10630 C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
10631 C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10632 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10633 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10634 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10635 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10636 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
10637 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
10638 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
10639 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
10640 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
10641 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
10642 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
10643 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
10644 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
10645 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
10646 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
10647 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
10648 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10649 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10650 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
10654 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
10655 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
10656 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
10657 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10661 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10662 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10667 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
10668 C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
10669 C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
10670 C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
10671 C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
10672 C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
10673 C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
10674 C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
10675 C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>,
10680 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10684 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10685 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
10686 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
10687 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10688 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10689 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10690 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10691 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10692 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10693 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10694 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10695 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10696 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10697 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10698 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10699 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10700 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10701 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10702 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10703 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10704 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10705 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10706 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10707 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10711 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10715 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10716 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10717 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10718 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10719 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
10720 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
10725 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10726 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10727 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10731 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10732 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10736 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10737 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10738 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
10739 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
10740 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10744 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10745 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10749 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10750 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10754 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10755 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10756 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10757 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10761 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10765 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
10766 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
10767 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10771 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10772 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
10773 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
10774 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
10775 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
10776 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
10777 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
10778 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10779 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10780 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10781 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10782 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10783 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
10784 C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
10785 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
10786 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
10787 C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10791 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10792 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
10797 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10798 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10799 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10800 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10801 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10802 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10803 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10804 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10805 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10809 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10810 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10811 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10812 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10816 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10820 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10832 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10842 =item getcwd and friends
10844 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10846 =item abs_path and friends
10848 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10860 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10872 =item Global Variables
10874 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10875 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10880 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10881 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10883 =item Client Callback Methods
10885 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10886 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10887 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10897 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10905 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10909 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10911 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10913 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10915 =item Default Parameters
10917 =item In Memory Databases
10925 =item A Simple Example
10933 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10935 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10937 =item The get_dup() Method
10939 =item The find_dup() Method
10941 =item The del_dup() Method
10943 =item Matching Partial Keys
10951 =item The 'bval' Option
10953 =item A Simple Example
10955 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10957 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10958 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10959 length, elements);>
10961 =item Another Example
10965 =item THE API INTERFACE
10967 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10968 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10969 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10970 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10974 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10975 B<filter_fetch_value>
10981 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10983 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10987 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10991 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10993 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10995 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10997 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10999 =item The untie() Gotcha
11003 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
11007 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
11009 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
11011 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
11013 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
11033 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
11034 printing and C<eval>
11046 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
11047 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
11048 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
11055 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
11057 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11058 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11059 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11060 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11061 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11062 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11063 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11064 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11065 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11066 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11067 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11068 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11069 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11070 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11071 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
11091 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11099 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11111 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
11133 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11143 =item Runtime debugging
11145 =item Memory footprint debugging
11153 =item A simple scalar string
11155 =item A simple scalar number
11157 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11159 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11161 =item A reference to an array
11163 =item A reference to a hash
11165 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11167 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11169 =item A reference to a subroutine
11183 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11193 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11201 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11205 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11206 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
11207 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11215 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11225 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11229 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
11230 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11242 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11254 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11266 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11267 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11268 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11273 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11274 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11280 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11288 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11289 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11290 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11291 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11298 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11311 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11319 =item Table of Contents
11331 =item PERL ENCODING API
11333 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11334 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11335 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11340 =item Listing available encodings
11342 =item Defining Aliases
11346 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11348 =item Handling Malformed Data
11350 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11351 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11352 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11353 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11358 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11362 =item Defining Encodings
11364 =item The UTF-8 flag
11366 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11370 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11372 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11382 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11390 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11395 =item Alias overloading
11403 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11417 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11419 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11435 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11437 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11439 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11453 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11463 =item Methods you should implement
11465 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11467 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11469 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11471 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11475 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11479 =item Compiled Encodings
11485 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11489 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11499 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11500 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11501 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11511 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
11521 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
11529 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11531 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
11533 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
11547 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
11549 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
11565 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
11571 =item How does it work?
11579 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11587 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
11595 =item Encoding Names
11599 =item Supported Encodings
11603 =item Built-in Encodings
11605 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11607 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11609 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11610 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11612 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11614 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11615 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11616 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11618 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11620 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11624 =item Unsupported encodings
11626 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11627 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11628 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11629 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11631 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11633 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11637 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11639 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11645 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11646 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11653 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11654 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11658 =item Other Notable Sites
11660 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11661 "Introduction to i18n"
11663 =item Offline sources
11665 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11671 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
11685 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
11701 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
11709 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
11711 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
11717 =item by endianness
11719 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
11723 =item Surrogate Pairs
11729 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
11738 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11743 =item Alias overloading
11751 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
11752 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11754 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
11757 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
11760 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
11761 Implementation Base Class
11771 =item Methods you should implement
11773 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11775 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11777 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11779 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11783 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11787 =item Compiled Encodings
11793 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11797 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
11808 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11809 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11810 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11820 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
11821 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11823 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
11826 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
11829 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
11830 and 'Q' header encoding
11846 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
11847 on Encode and PerlIO
11853 =item How does it work?
11861 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11869 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
11870 supported by Encode
11878 =item Encoding Names
11882 =item Supported Encodings
11886 =item Built-in Encodings
11888 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11890 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11892 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11893 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11895 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11897 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11898 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11899 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11901 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11903 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11907 =item Unsupported encodings
11909 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11910 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11911 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11912 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11914 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11916 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11920 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11922 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11928 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11929 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11936 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11937 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11941 =item Other Notable Sites
11943 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11944 "Introduction to i18n"
11946 =item Offline sources
11948 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11954 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11960 use Encode::Encoder;
11961 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11962 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11964 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11965 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11966 # you can stack them!
11967 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11968 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11969 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11971 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11973 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11981 =item Predefined Methods
11983 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11984 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11985 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11987 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11989 =item Operator Overloading
11997 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
11998 non-ascii or non-utf8
12008 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
12009 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
12017 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
12021 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
12023 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
12025 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
12027 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
12033 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12039 use Encode::Encoder;
12040 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
12041 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
12043 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
12044 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
12045 # you can stack them!
12046 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
12047 # you can use it as a decoder as well
12048 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
12050 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
12052 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
12060 =item Predefined Methods
12062 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12063 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12064 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12066 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12068 =item Operator Overloading
12076 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
12089 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12104 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12120 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12130 =item How to Export
12132 =item Selecting What To Export
12134 =item How to Import
12136 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12140 =item Advanced features
12144 =item Specialised Import Lists
12146 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12148 =item Module Version Checking
12150 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12152 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12154 =item Generating combined tags
12156 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12162 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12172 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12193 mv source... destination
12195 cp source... destination
12213 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12225 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12235 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12243 perl_stringify NAME
12247 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12249 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12253 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12261 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12264 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12266 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12268 WriteMakefileSnippet
12270 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12271 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12279 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12291 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12292 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12302 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12312 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12324 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12325 packlist(), version()
12333 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12341 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12342 dynamic extensions at load time
12348 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12358 =item VMS implementation
12360 =item Win32 implementation
12368 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12378 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12386 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12390 =item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED>
12404 file_name_is_absolute
12414 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12428 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12429 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12441 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12442 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12450 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
12454 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12464 =item Overridden methods
12466 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12480 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12481 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12523 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12524 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12540 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12541 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12555 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12565 =item Overridden methods
12567 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12581 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12595 =item SelfLoaded methods
12647 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
12695 maybe_command_in_dirs
12719 post_initialize (o)
12733 replace_manpage_separator
12747 test_via_harness (override)
12749 test_via_script (override)
12779 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12780 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12790 =item Methods always loaded
12802 guess_name (override)
12806 find_perl (override)
12808 maybe_command (override)
12810 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
12812 perl_script (override)
12814 replace_manpage_separator
12816 init_main (override)
12818 init_others (override)
12820 constants (override)
12824 const_cccmd (override)
12826 pm_to_blib (override)
12828 tool_autosplit (override)
12830 tool_sxubpp (override)
12832 xsubpp_version (override)
12834 tools_other (override)
12844 top_targets (override)
12848 dynamic_lib (override)
12850 dynamic_bs (override)
12852 static_lib (override)
12854 manifypods (override)
12856 processPL (override)
12858 installbin (override)
12860 subdir_x (override)
12864 realclean (override)
12866 dist_core (override)
12868 dist_test (override)
12872 perldepend (override)
12874 makefile (override)
12876 find_tests (override)
12880 makeaperl (override)
12882 nicetext (override)
12884 prefixify (override)
12886 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12887 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12909 tool_autosplit (override)
12925 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
12935 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
12945 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
12955 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
12957 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
12965 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
12969 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
12971 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
12973 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
12975 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
12977 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
12978 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
12979 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST,
12980 FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
12981 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
12982 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR,
12983 INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
12984 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
12985 INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB,
12986 LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS,
12987 MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT,
12988 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
12989 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
12990 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
12991 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
12992 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION,
12993 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
12995 =item Additional lowercase attributes
12997 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
13000 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
13002 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
13004 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
13006 =item Hintsfile support
13008 =item Distribution Support
13010 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
13011 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
13012 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
13014 =item Disabling an extension
13020 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
13028 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
13036 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
13040 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
13044 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
13045 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
13049 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
13057 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
13069 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
13079 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
13088 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
13096 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13108 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13116 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13126 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13138 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13148 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13152 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
13160 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
13164 C<basename>, C<dirname>
13168 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
13182 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
13196 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
13206 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
13208 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
13220 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
13230 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
13242 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
13250 B<find>, B<finddepth>
13256 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
13257 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
13258 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
13260 =item The wanted function
13262 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
13263 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
13264 pathname to the file
13272 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
13280 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
13288 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
13289 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
13290 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
13294 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
13302 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
13314 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
13324 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
13325 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
13326 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
13334 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
13344 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
13362 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
13380 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
13408 file_name_is_absolute
13438 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
13448 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
13481 file_name_is_absolute
13503 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
13519 =item Methods always loaded
13521 canonpath (override)
13539 case_tolerant (override)
13543 file_name_is_absolute (override)
13545 splitpath (override)
13547 splitdir (override)
13561 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
13587 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
13597 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
13621 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
13635 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
13645 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
13653 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
13661 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
13663 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
13675 =item Temporary files and NFS
13687 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
13701 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
13709 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
13717 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
13725 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
13731 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
13745 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
13747 =item All-in-one interface
13749 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
13751 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
13754 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
13756 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
13757 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
13758 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
13760 described in the previous section.
13762 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
13764 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
13776 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
13786 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
13790 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
13792 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
13800 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
13802 =item Example 2: Using the context
13804 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
13806 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
13810 =item Filter::Simple
13818 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
13826 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
13838 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
13854 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
13862 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
13864 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
13868 =item Simple options
13870 =item A little bit less simple options
13872 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
13874 =item Options with values
13876 =item Options with multiple values
13878 =item Options with hash values
13880 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
13882 =item Options with multiple names
13884 =item Case and abbreviations
13886 =item Summary of Option Specifications
13888 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
13893 =item Advanced Possibilities
13897 =item Object oriented interface
13899 =item Thread Safety
13901 =item Documentation and help texts
13903 =item Storing options in a hash
13907 =item The lonesome dash
13909 =item Argument callback
13913 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
13915 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
13916 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
13917 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
13918 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
13919 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
13921 =item Return values and Errors
13927 =item Default destinations
13929 =item Alternative option starters
13931 =item Configuration variables
13935 =item Trouble Shooting
13939 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
13941 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
13944 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
13946 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
13952 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13956 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
13967 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
13977 =item Restricted hashes
13979 lock_keys, unlock_keys
13985 lock_value, unlock_value
13987 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
13997 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
14008 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
14019 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
14021 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
14023 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14025 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14027 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
14029 the function super_languages($lang1)
14031 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
14033 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
14035 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
14037 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
14041 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
14043 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
14053 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
14061 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
14063 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
14065 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
14066 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
14067 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
14068 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
14069 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
14070 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
14071 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
14072 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
14073 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
14074 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
14075 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
14076 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
14077 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
14078 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
14079 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
14080 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
14081 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
14082 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
14083 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
14084 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
14085 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
14086 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
14087 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
14088 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
14089 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
14090 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
14091 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
14092 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
14093 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
14094 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
14095 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
14096 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
14097 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
14098 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
14099 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
14100 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
14101 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
14102 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
14103 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
14104 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
14105 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
14106 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
14107 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
14108 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
14109 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
14110 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
14111 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
14112 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
14113 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
14114 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
14115 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
14116 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
14117 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
14118 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14119 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
14120 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
14121 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
14122 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
14123 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
14124 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
14125 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
14126 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
14127 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
14128 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
14129 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
14130 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
14131 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
14132 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
14133 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
14134 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
14135 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
14136 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
14137 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
14138 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
14139 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
14140 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
14141 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
14142 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
14143 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
14144 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
14145 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
14146 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
14147 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
14148 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
14149 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
14150 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
14151 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
14152 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
14153 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
14154 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
14155 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
14156 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
14157 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
14158 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
14159 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
14160 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
14161 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
14162 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
14163 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
14164 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
14165 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
14166 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
14167 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
14168 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
14169 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
14170 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
14171 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
14172 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
14173 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
14174 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
14175 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
14176 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
14177 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
14178 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
14179 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
14180 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
14181 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
14182 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
14183 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
14187 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14193 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
14211 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14215 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
14225 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
14233 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14234 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14244 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14254 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14258 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14266 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
14276 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14280 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14281 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14282 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14283 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14295 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14305 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14309 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14319 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14329 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14330 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14340 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
14348 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14349 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14358 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
14368 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14372 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14373 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14374 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14384 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
14398 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14399 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14409 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
14425 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14438 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
14452 hostpath(), peerpath()
14462 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
14471 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14472 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14482 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14492 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14496 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14504 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
14515 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14519 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14520 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14521 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14522 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14534 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14544 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14548 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14558 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14568 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14569 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14579 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
14588 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14589 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14598 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
14609 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14613 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14614 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14615 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14625 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
14640 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14641 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14651 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
14652 AF_INET domain sockets
14668 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14681 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
14682 AF_UNIX domain sockets
14696 hostpath(), peerpath()
14706 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14716 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14717 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14728 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
14742 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
14755 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
14765 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14766 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14767 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14778 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
14796 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14806 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14807 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14818 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
14829 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14830 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14831 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14842 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
14850 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14851 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14855 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14861 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
14862 general-utility list subroutines
14870 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14871 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14875 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14881 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
14882 general-utility scalar subroutines
14890 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
14891 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14901 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
14909 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14913 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
14921 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
14929 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14931 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14933 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14934 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14936 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14938 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
14940 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
14946 =item rename_country
14954 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14958 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
14959 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
14960 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
14961 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
14969 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
14970 identification (ISO 4217)
14980 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14982 code2currency(), currency2code()
14984 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14986 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
14990 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14994 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
14995 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
15003 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
15012 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15014 code2language(), language2code()
15016 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15018 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
15022 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15026 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
15027 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
15035 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
15043 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15049 =item Construction Methods
15051 =item The "maketext" Method
15053 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
15055 =item Utility Methods
15057 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
15058 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
15059 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
15060 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
15062 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
15066 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
15068 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
15070 =item BRACKET NOTATION
15072 =item AUTO LEXICONS
15074 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
15076 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
15080 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15086 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
15094 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
15098 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
15100 =item The Linguistic View
15102 =item Breaking gettext
15104 =item Replacing gettext
15106 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
15108 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
15110 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
15112 =item Buzzword: Concision
15114 =item The Devil in the Details
15116 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
15124 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
15132 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15136 =item SPECIAL CODES
15140 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15142 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15143 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15145 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15147 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
15151 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15155 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
15156 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
15164 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
15172 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
15176 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
15184 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
15185 of quoted-printable strings
15193 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15199 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
15208 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15214 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
15224 =item Canonical notation
15228 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
15230 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
15234 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
15235 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
15243 =item Autocreating constants
15249 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
15257 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
15265 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
15273 Canonical notation, Input, Output
15295 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
15297 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
15299 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
15300 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
15302 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
15388 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
15398 =item Rounding mode R
15400 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
15401 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
15402 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
15415 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
15423 =item Autocreating constants
15429 =item Alternative math libraries
15435 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
15443 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
15449 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
15453 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
15454 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
15455 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
15465 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
15475 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
15479 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
15481 the same terms as Perl itself.
15489 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
15511 =item denominator()
15513 $d = $x->denominator();
15523 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
15537 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
15550 =item STRINGIFICATION
15554 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
15560 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
15562 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
15570 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
15578 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
15584 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
15586 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
15590 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15592 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
15596 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
15598 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15600 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
15601 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
15605 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
15611 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
15621 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
15639 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
15641 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
15645 =item OTHER FACILITIES
15651 =item C<flush_cache>
15657 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
15659 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
15667 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15673 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
15682 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
15693 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
15705 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15713 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15721 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
15730 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
15739 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
15747 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
15755 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15761 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15765 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15769 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
15779 =item Enforcing redispatch
15781 =item Avoiding repetitions
15787 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15793 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
15803 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
15806 =item CLASS METHODS
15808 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
15809 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
15810 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
15820 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
15830 requires_firewall HOST
15832 =item NetConfig VALUES
15834 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
15835 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
15836 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
15840 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
15849 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
15857 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
15869 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
15873 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
15874 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
15875 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
15876 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
15877 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
15878 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
15879 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
15880 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
15881 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
15882 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
15883 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
15884 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
15885 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
15889 =item Methods for the adventurous
15895 =item THE dataconn CLASS
15897 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
15898 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
15900 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
15902 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
15904 =item REPORTING BUGS
15912 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
15920 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
15930 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
15934 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
15935 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
15936 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
15937 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
15938 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
15939 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
15940 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
15944 =item Extension methods
15946 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
15947 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
15948 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
15949 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
15958 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
15968 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
15980 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
15984 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
15985 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
15986 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
15987 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
15999 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
16011 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
16012 $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );,
16013 $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [,
16030 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
16042 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
16046 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
16047 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
16048 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
16049 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
16050 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
16051 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
16064 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
16072 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
16073 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
16081 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
16098 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
16106 =item Where to get this document
16108 =item How to contribute to this document
16112 =item Author and Copyright Information
16120 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
16124 =item What is libnet ?
16126 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
16128 =item What other modules do I need ?
16130 =item What machines support libnet ?
16132 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
16136 =item Using Net::FTP
16140 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
16142 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
16144 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
16146 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
16149 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
16151 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
16153 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
16155 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
16157 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
16159 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
16162 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
16164 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
16167 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
16170 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
16174 =item Using Net::SMTP
16178 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
16181 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
16183 =item The verify method always returns true ?
16187 =item Debugging scripts
16191 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
16195 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
16199 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
16216 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
16231 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
16248 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
16256 =item THE .netrc FILE
16258 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
16263 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
16267 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
16277 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
16287 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16295 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
16303 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16309 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16313 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16317 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
16329 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
16331 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
16332 or optag, an operator set (opset)
16334 =item Opcode Functions
16336 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
16337 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
16338 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
16341 =item Manipulating Opsets
16343 =item TO DO (maybe)
16349 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
16351 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
16352 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
16353 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
16362 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
16371 a new namespace, an operator mask
16377 =item RECENT CHANGES
16379 =item Methods in class Safe
16381 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16382 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16383 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16384 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16386 =item Some Safety Issues
16388 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16396 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
16409 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
16423 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
16424 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
16425 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
16426 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
16427 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
16428 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
16429 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
16430 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
16431 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
16432 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
16433 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
16434 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
16435 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
16436 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
16437 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
16438 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
16439 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
16440 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
16441 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
16442 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
16443 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
16444 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
16445 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
16446 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
16447 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
16454 =item POSIX::SigAction
16458 =item POSIX::SigSet
16460 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
16462 =item POSIX::Termios
16464 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
16465 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
16466 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
16467 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
16468 values, c_oflag field values
16472 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
16476 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
16480 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
16534 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
16535 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
16539 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
16548 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop
16552 =item Alternatives to raw
16554 =item Defaults and how to override them
16564 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
16576 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
16586 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
16594 =item EXPECTED METHODS
16596 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
16597 $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]),
16598 $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]),
16599 $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh),
16600 $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh),
16601 $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh),
16602 $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh),
16609 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
16615 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
16629 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
16635 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
16641 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
16653 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
16654 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
16655 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
16656 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
16657 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
16658 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
16659 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
16660 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
16665 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
16666 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
16667 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
16668 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
16669 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
16670 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
16674 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
16675 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
16687 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
16689 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
16692 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
16694 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
16696 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
16698 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
16700 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
16708 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
16720 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
16722 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
16729 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
16735 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
16737 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
16744 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
16756 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
16766 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
16767 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
16782 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
16795 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
16796 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
16802 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
16826 =item B<was_cutting()>
16832 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
16838 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
16844 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16850 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
16856 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16862 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
16868 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
16874 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16880 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16886 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
16892 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
16898 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16904 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16910 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
16916 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
16922 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16928 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
16934 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
16940 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16946 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16952 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
16958 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
16964 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
16970 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
16976 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
16982 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16988 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
16994 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
17000 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
17012 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
17024 =item OBJECT METHODS
17032 =item Data Accessors
17048 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
17050 B<StartWithNewPage>
17064 =item Subclassed methods
17078 B<interior_sequence>
17094 =item Methods for headings
17102 =item Internal methods
17108 B<_replace_special_chars>
17110 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
17116 B<_clean_latex_commands>
17118 B<_split_delimited>
17134 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
17142 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
17147 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
17148 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
17149 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
17160 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17164 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
17176 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17180 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
17194 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
17202 $list-E<gt>indent()
17210 $list-E<gt>parent()
17216 =item Pod::Hyperlink
17218 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
17222 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
17224 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
17228 $link-E<gt>warning()
17230 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
17236 $link-E<gt>alttext()
17246 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
17252 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
17256 =item Pod::Cache::Item
17258 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
17262 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
17264 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
17266 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
17268 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
17270 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
17272 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
17274 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
17284 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
17296 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
17298 =item PARSING OPTIONS
17300 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
17301 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
17307 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17315 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17321 =item B<verbatim()>
17323 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17329 =item B<textblock()>
17331 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17337 =item B<interior_sequence()>
17343 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17355 =item B<initialize()>
17361 =item B<begin_pod()>
17367 =item B<begin_input()>
17373 =item B<end_input()>
17385 =item B<preprocess_line()>
17391 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
17397 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
17403 =item B<parse_text()>
17405 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
17406 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
17407 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
17413 =item B<interpolate()>
17419 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
17425 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
17431 =item B<parse_from_file()>
17437 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
17443 =item B<errorsub()>
17455 =item B<parseopts()>
17461 =item B<output_file()>
17467 =item B<output_handle()>
17473 =item B<input_file()>
17479 =item B<input_handle()>
17485 =item B<input_streams()>
17491 =item B<top_stream()>
17497 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17503 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
17509 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
17515 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
17523 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
17543 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
17556 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
17558 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
17564 =item OBJECT METHODS
17570 =item B<curr_headings()>
17582 =item B<add_selection()>
17588 =item B<clear_selections()>
17594 =item B<match_section()>
17600 =item B<is_selected()>
17606 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
17612 =item B<podselect()>
17614 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
17620 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17626 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
17632 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
17638 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
17650 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
17658 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
17662 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
17663 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
17664 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
17675 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17679 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
17693 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17697 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
17712 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17716 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
17731 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17735 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
17744 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
17753 =item Recommended Use
17761 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17765 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
17772 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17776 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
17780 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17784 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
17790 =item OVER AND ITEMS
17792 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
17795 =item FORMATTING CODES
17797 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
17805 =head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
17813 =head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
17821 =item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF
17827 foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2
17834 =item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
17836 =item TESTING URLs hyperlinking
17842 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
17850 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17856 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17860 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17864 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
17872 a new namespace, an operator mask
17878 =item RECENT CHANGES
17880 =item Methods in class Safe
17882 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17883 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17884 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17885 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17887 =item Some Safety Issues
17889 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17897 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
17905 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
17906 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
17916 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
17926 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
17936 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
17946 =item The __DATA__ token
17948 =item SelfLoader autoloading
17950 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
17952 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
17954 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
17956 =item Classes and inherited methods.
17960 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
17964 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
17974 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
17982 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
17983 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
17991 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
17992 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
17993 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
17994 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
17995 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
17999 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
18009 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
18013 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
18015 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
18017 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
18019 =item ERROR REPORTING
18027 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
18032 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
18033 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
18041 =item Storable magic
18051 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
18063 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
18077 =item Allowing fall-through
18079 =item Automating fall-through
18081 =item Alternative syntax
18083 =item Higher-order Operations
18099 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
18109 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
18121 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
18122 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18130 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18131 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18132 in 5.004_02), closelog
18142 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
18143 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18151 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18152 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18153 in 5.004_02), closelog
18163 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
18173 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
18174 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
18175 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
18179 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
18189 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18193 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
18209 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
18211 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18213 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18215 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
18223 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18231 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
18239 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
18249 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
18250 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
18258 =item Minimal set of supported functions
18260 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
18261 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
18263 =item Additional supported functions
18265 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
18275 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
18301 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
18305 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18315 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
18335 =item Setting up tests
18351 =item Running tests
18357 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
18359 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
18385 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
18397 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
18401 =item Test Status and Info
18409 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
18433 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
18443 =item The test script output
18445 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
18446 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
18451 =item Configuration variables.
18453 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
18457 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
18484 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
18485 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
18486 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
18487 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
18491 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
18492 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
18493 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
18507 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
18533 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
18543 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
18581 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
18597 B<_reset_file_state>
18617 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
18627 =item I love it when a plan comes together
18637 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
18677 =item Conditional tests
18683 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
18685 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
18689 =item Comparison functions
18703 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
18713 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18715 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
18728 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
18752 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
18761 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
18769 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
18771 =item Where to start?
18775 =item Test the manual
18777 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
18779 =item Testing lots of values
18781 =item Informative names
18783 =item Skipping tests
18787 =item Testing with taint mode.
18799 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
18811 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
18821 =item General behaviour in list contexts
18825 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
18827 =item A note about prefixes
18829 =item C<extract_delimited>
18831 =item C<extract_bracketed>
18833 =item C<extract_tagged>
18835 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
18836 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
18838 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
18840 =item C<extract_quotelike>
18842 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
18844 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
18846 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
18848 =item C<extract_codeblock>
18850 =item C<extract_multiple>
18852 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
18858 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
18859 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
18860 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
18861 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
18862 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
18863 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
18864 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
18865 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
18866 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
18867 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
18868 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
18869 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
18874 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
18880 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
18895 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
18912 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
18927 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
18943 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
18955 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
18956 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
18957 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
18961 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
18969 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
18977 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18979 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
18985 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
18993 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18995 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
18999 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
19014 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
19024 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
19032 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
19033 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
19034 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
19035 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
19043 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
19063 =item Option Format
19067 =item Public Methods
19075 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
19079 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
19081 =item Deferred Writing
19085 =item Autodeferring
19093 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
19107 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
19116 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
19117 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
19118 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
19119 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
19121 =item MORE INFORMATION
19123 =item COMPATIBILITY
19127 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
19136 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
19137 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
19139 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
19141 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
19143 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
19145 =item MORE INFORMATION
19149 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
19157 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
19167 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
19185 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
19194 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
19196 =item MORE INFORMATION
19200 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
19212 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
19221 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
19222 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
19223 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
19224 getitimer ( $which )
19240 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
19248 =item IMPLEMENTATION
19254 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
19269 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
19284 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
19296 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
19304 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
19305 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
19309 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
19319 =item Constructor and Tailoring
19321 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
19322 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
19323 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
19325 =item Methods for Collation
19327 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
19328 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
19329 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
19330 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
19331 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
19332 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
19333 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
19334 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
19335 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
19337 =item Other Methods
19339 UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
19355 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/,
19356 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
19357 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19358 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L<Unicode::Normalize>
19362 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
19372 =item Normalization Forms
19374 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
19375 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
19376 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
19378 =item Decomposition and Composition
19380 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
19381 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
19382 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
19386 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
19387 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
19388 check($form_name, $string)>
19390 =item Character Data
19392 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
19393 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
19394 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
19395 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
19396 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
19397 C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
19398 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
19408 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19409 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
19413 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
19455 =item Blocks versus Scripts
19457 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
19459 =item Code Point Arguments
19485 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
19491 =item Implementation Note
19503 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
19518 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
19529 =item System Specifics
19543 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
19551 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
19553 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
19554 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
19555 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
19556 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
19557 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
19558 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
19559 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
19560 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
19561 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
19562 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
19563 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
19564 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
19565 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
19566 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
19567 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
19568 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
19569 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
19575 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
19587 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
19589 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
19590 don't all have manual pages yet:
19616 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles