4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
365 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
366 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
367 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
368 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
369 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
370 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
371 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
372 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
373 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
374 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
375 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
376 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
377 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
378 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
379 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
380 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
381 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
382 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
383 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
384 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
385 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
386 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
387 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
388 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
389 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
390 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
391 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
392 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
393 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
394 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
395 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
396 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
397 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
398 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
399 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
400 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
401 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
402 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
403 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
409 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
415 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
423 =item Making References
425 =item Using References
443 =item Distribution Conditions
449 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
455 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
456 more elaborate constructs
460 =item COMMON MISTAKES
462 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
464 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
470 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
474 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
476 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
478 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
482 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
486 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
488 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
490 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
494 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
498 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
500 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
502 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
506 =item HASHES OF HASHES
510 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
512 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
514 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
518 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
522 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
524 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
526 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
538 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
548 =item Simple word matching
550 =item Using character classes
552 =item Matching this or that
554 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
556 =item Extracting matches
558 =item Matching repetitions
562 =item Search and replace
564 =item The split operator
572 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
576 =item Acknowledgments
582 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
590 =item Verbatim Paragraph
592 =item Command Paragraph
594 =item Ordinary Block of Text
598 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
600 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
610 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
618 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
636 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
638 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
639 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
640 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
641 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
643 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
645 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
646 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
647 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
651 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
653 =item Numerical Traps
655 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
657 =item General data type traps
659 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
660 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
662 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
664 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
666 =item Precedence Traps
668 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
671 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
673 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
674 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
677 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
679 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
685 =item Interpolation Traps
687 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
694 =item Unclassified Traps
696 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
703 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
713 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
715 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
717 =item Location of Perl
719 =item Command Switches
721 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
722 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
723 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
724 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
725 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
726 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
733 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
734 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
735 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
739 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
747 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
755 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
757 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
759 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
763 =item Backward Compatibility
765 =item Category Hierarchy
769 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
781 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
789 =item Looking at data and -w and w
793 =item Stepping through code
795 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
797 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
815 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
821 =item The Perl Debugger
825 =item Debugger Commands
827 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
828 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
829 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
830 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
831 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
832 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
833 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
834 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
835 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
837 =item Configurable Options
839 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
840 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
841 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
842 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
843 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
844 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
846 =item Debugger input/output
848 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
851 =item Debugging compile-time statements
853 =item Debugger Customization
855 =item Readline Support
857 =item Editor Support for Debugging
859 =item The Perl Profiler
863 =item Debugging regular expressions
865 =item Debugging memory usage
873 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
881 =item Predefined Names
883 $ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
884 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
885 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
886 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
887 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
888 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
890 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
891 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
892 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
894 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
895 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
896 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
897 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
898 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
899 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
900 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
901 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
902 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
903 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
904 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
905 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
906 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
907 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
908 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
909 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
910 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
911 %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
913 =item Error Indicators
915 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
923 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
931 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
933 =item Growing Your Own
935 =item Access and Printing
947 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
953 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
963 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
969 =item Open E<agrave> la C
973 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
977 =item Obscure Open Tricks
981 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
983 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
987 =item Single Argument Open
989 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
993 =item Other I/O Issues
997 =item Opening Non-File Files
1007 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1013 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1019 =item Part 1: The basics
1023 =item Simple word matching
1025 =item Using character classes
1027 =item Matching this or that
1029 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1031 =item Extracting matches
1033 =item Matching repetitions
1035 =item Building a regexp
1037 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1041 =item Part 2: Power tools
1045 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1047 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1049 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1051 =item Non-capturing groupings
1053 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1055 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1057 =item Conditional expressions
1059 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1061 =item Pragmas and debugging
1069 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1073 =item Acknowledgments
1079 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1089 =item Regular Expressions
1091 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1093 =item Extended Patterns
1095 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1096 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1097 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1098 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1102 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1104 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1106 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1108 =item Combining pieces together
1110 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1111 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1112 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1113 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1115 =item Creating custom RE engines
1125 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1135 =item Making References
1137 =item Using References
1139 =item Symbolic references
1141 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1143 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1145 =item Function Templates
1155 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1163 =item Format Variables
1173 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1181 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1189 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1191 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1193 =item Invoking a barnyard
1195 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1197 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1199 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1201 =item A few notes about @ISA
1203 =item Overriding the methods
1205 =item Starting the search from a different place
1207 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1209 =item Where we're at so far...
1211 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1213 =item Invoking an instance method
1215 =item Accessing the instance data
1217 =item How to build a horse
1219 =item Inheriting the constructor
1221 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1223 =item Adding parameters to a method
1225 =item More interesting instances
1227 =item A horse of a different color
1239 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1245 =item Creating a Class
1249 =item Object Representation
1251 =item Class Interface
1253 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1255 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1259 =item Other Object Methods
1267 =item Accessing Class Data
1269 =item Debugging Methods
1271 =item Class Destructors
1273 =item Documenting the Interface
1283 =item Overridden Methods
1285 =item Multiple Inheritance
1287 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1291 =item Alternate Object Representations
1295 =item Arrays as Objects
1297 =item Closures as Objects
1301 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1305 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1307 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1311 =item Metaclassical Tools
1317 =item Data Members as Variables
1325 =item Object Terminology
1331 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1337 =item Acknowledgments
1343 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1349 =item Class Data in a Can
1351 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1355 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1357 =item Inheritance Concerns
1359 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1361 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1363 =item Monadic Classes
1365 =item Translucent Attributes
1369 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1373 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1375 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1377 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1379 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1381 =item Translucency Revisited
1389 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1391 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1397 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1405 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1407 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1409 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1411 =item Method Invocation
1413 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1415 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1417 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1423 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1431 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1437 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1439 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1441 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1443 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1445 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1447 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1449 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1451 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1453 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1455 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1461 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1473 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1478 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1479 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1480 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1481 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1486 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1487 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1488 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1490 =item Tying FileHandles
1492 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1493 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1498 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1510 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1511 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1527 =item Using open() for IPC
1533 =item Background Processes
1535 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1537 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1539 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1541 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1545 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1549 =item Internet Line Terminators
1551 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1553 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1557 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1561 =item A Simple Client
1563 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1565 =item A Webget Client
1567 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1571 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1573 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1575 =item UDP: Message Passing
1589 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1599 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1601 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1602 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1603 files, directories and network sockets
1605 =item Resource limits
1607 =item Killing the parent process
1609 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1611 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1613 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1614 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1615 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1627 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1635 =item Storing numbers
1637 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1639 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1641 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1642 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1643 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1652 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1658 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1660 =item Threaded Program Models
1672 =item Native threads
1674 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1676 =item Threadsafe Modules
1682 =item Basic Thread Support
1684 =item Creating Threads
1686 =item Giving up control
1688 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1690 =item Errors In Threads
1692 =item Ignoring A Thread
1696 =item Threads And Data
1700 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1702 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1704 =item Controlling access: lock()
1706 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1708 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1712 =item Threads And Code
1716 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1718 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1720 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1722 =item Subroutine Locks
1726 =item Locking A Subroutine
1730 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1734 =item What Thread Am I In?
1738 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1740 =item What Threads Are Running?
1744 =item A Complete Example
1752 =item Introductory Texts
1754 =item OS-Related References
1756 =item Other References
1760 =item Acknowledgements
1768 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1774 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1783 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1785 =item Files and Filesystems
1787 =item System Interaction
1789 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1791 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1793 =item Standard Modules
1797 =item Character sets and character encoding
1799 =item Internationalisation
1801 =item System Resources
1811 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1812 http://testers.cpan.org/
1820 =item DOS and Derivatives
1828 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1836 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1840 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1842 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1843 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1844 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1845 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1846 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1847 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1848 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1849 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1850 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1851 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1852 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1853 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1854 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1855 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1856 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1857 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1858 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1859 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1860 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1861 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1862 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1863 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1864 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1865 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1866 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1872 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1873 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1874 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1875 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1876 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1877 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1879 =item Supported Platforms
1883 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1889 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1896 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1902 =item The use locale pragma
1904 =item The setlocale function
1906 =item Finding locales
1908 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1910 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1912 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1914 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1916 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1918 =item The localeconv function
1922 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1926 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1928 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1930 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1932 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1936 =item Other categories
1944 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1945 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1951 =item Backward compatibility
1953 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1955 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1957 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1959 =item Freely available locale definitions
1963 =item An imperfect standard
1971 =item Broken systems
1981 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1989 =item Important Caveats
1991 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1992 to enable a few features
1994 =item Byte and Character semantics
1996 =item Effects of character semantics
1998 =item Character encodings for input and output
2008 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2014 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2022 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2026 =item 13 variant characters
2034 =item Unicode and UTF
2038 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2040 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2042 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2056 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2058 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2060 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2062 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2070 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2072 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2074 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2076 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2080 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2084 =item URL decoding and encoding
2086 =item uu encoding and decoding
2088 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2090 =item Caesarian ciphers
2094 =item Hashing order and checksums
2098 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2110 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2130 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2138 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2140 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2142 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2146 =item Protecting Your Programs
2154 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2166 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2178 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2184 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2188 =item Pragmatic Modules
2190 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2191 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2192 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, unicode::distinct, utf8, vars, warnings,
2195 =item Standard Modules
2197 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2198 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse,
2199 B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse,
2200 B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie,
2201 CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN,
2202 CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct,
2203 Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode,
2204 Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2205 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed,
2206 ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2207 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2208 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
2209 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
2210 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob,
2211 File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc,
2212 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2213 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2214 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
2215 I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants,
2216 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Math::BigFloat,
2217 Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping,
2218 Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File,
2219 Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html,
2220 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
2221 Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2222 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
2223 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2224 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2225 Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2226 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2227 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
2228 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2230 =item Extension Modules
2242 =item Central America
2254 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2258 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2260 Adding a Copyright Notice
2262 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2264 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2272 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2282 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2283 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2297 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2307 =item What should I make into a module?
2309 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2311 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2313 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2315 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2316 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2317 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2319 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2321 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2322 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2332 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2333 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2343 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2345 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2347 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2349 =item What is perl6?
2351 =item How stable is Perl?
2353 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2355 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2358 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2360 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2362 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2364 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2366 =item What is a JAPH?
2368 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2370 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2371 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2375 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2379 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2380 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2388 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2390 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2392 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2394 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2397 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2398 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2400 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2401 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2403 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2405 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2407 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2409 =item Where should I post source code?
2413 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2415 =item Perl in Magazines
2417 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2419 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2421 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2423 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2425 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2427 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2431 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2435 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2444 =item How do I do (anything)?
2446 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2448 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2450 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2452 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2454 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2456 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2458 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2460 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2462 CodeMagicCD, Komodo, The Object System, PerlBuilder, Perl code magic,
2463 visiPerl+, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2464 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2466 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2468 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2470 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2472 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2474 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2476 =item What is undump?
2478 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2480 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2482 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2484 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2486 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2488 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2490 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2492 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2494 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2496 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2498 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2500 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2502 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2504 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2506 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2507 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2509 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2512 =item What's MakeMaker?
2516 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2520 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2531 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2532 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2534 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2536 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2539 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2541 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2543 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2545 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2547 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2549 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2557 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2559 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2561 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2563 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2565 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2567 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2569 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2577 =item How do I validate input?
2579 =item How do I unescape a string?
2581 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2583 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2585 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2587 =item How do I reverse a string?
2589 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2591 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2593 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2595 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2597 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2600 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2602 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2603 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2605 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2607 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2609 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2611 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2613 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2615 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2617 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2619 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2620 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2629 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2631 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2633 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2637 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2639 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2640 intersection of two arrays?
2642 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2644 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2646 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2648 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2650 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2652 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2654 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2656 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2658 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2660 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2662 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2666 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2670 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2672 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2675 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2677 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2679 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2681 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2683 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2685 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2687 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2689 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2691 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2693 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2695 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2698 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2699 array of hashes or arrays?
2701 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2709 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2711 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2713 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2715 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2717 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2719 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2721 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2725 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2729 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2738 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2740 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2741 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2743 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2745 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2747 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2749 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2750 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2752 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2754 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2756 =item How can I write() into a string?
2758 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2760 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2762 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2764 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2766 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2768 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2770 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2772 =item How can I lock a file?
2774 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2776 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2777 the file. How can I do this?
2779 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2781 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2783 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2785 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2787 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2789 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2791 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2793 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2795 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2797 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2799 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2801 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2802 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2804 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2806 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2807 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2809 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2811 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2815 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2819 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2827 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2828 and unmaintainable code?
2830 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2832 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2834 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2837 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2839 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2842 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2844 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2846 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2848 =item What is C</o> really for?
2850 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2853 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2855 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2857 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2859 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2861 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2863 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2865 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2867 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2869 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2871 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2873 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2875 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2877 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2881 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2885 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2886 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2894 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2896 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2899 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2902 =item How do I skip some return values?
2904 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2906 =item What's an extension?
2908 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2910 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2912 =item How do I create a module?
2914 =item How do I create a class?
2916 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2918 =item What's a closure?
2920 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2922 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2925 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2928 =item How do I create a static variable?
2930 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2931 Between local() and my()?
2933 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2936 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2938 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2940 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2942 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2944 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2946 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2948 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2950 =item How can I find out my current package?
2952 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2954 =item How do I clear a package?
2956 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2960 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2964 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2973 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2975 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2977 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
2979 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
2981 =item How do I print something out in color?
2983 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
2985 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
2987 =item How do I clear the screen?
2989 =item How do I get the screen size?
2991 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
2993 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
2995 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
2997 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
2999 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3001 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3003 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3005 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3007 =item How do I set the time and date?
3009 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3011 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3013 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3015 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3016 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3018 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3020 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3022 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3024 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3026 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3028 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3030 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3032 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3034 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3036 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3039 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3041 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3043 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3045 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3048 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3049 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3050 changes to be visible?
3054 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3057 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3059 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3061 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3063 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3065 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3067 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3069 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3071 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3073 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3075 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3077 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3079 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3082 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3084 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3088 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3092 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3101 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3104 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3106 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3108 =item How do I extract URLs?
3110 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3111 file on another machine?
3113 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3115 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3117 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3119 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3121 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3123 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3125 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3127 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3128 CGI script to do bad things?
3130 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3132 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3134 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3136 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3138 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3140 =item How do I send mail?
3142 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3144 =item How do I read mail?
3146 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3148 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3150 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3152 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3156 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3160 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3170 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3174 =item Using The Back Ends
3178 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3182 =item The Decompiling Back End
3184 =item The Lint Back End
3186 =item The Simple C Back End
3188 =item The Bytecode Back End
3190 =item The Optimized C Back End
3192 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3193 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3194 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3198 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3204 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3214 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3215 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3219 =item Compiling your C program
3221 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3223 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3225 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3227 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3229 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3231 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3233 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3235 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3240 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3250 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3256 =item Debugger Internals
3260 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3264 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3266 =item Debugging regular expressions
3270 =item Compile-time output
3272 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3273 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3274 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3277 =item Types of nodes
3279 =item Run-time output
3283 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3287 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3289 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3290 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3293 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3295 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3297 =item B<-DL> details
3301 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3309 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3321 =item Version caveat
3323 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3335 =item What has gone on?
3337 =item Writing good test scripts
3341 =item What's new here?
3343 =item Input and Output Parameters
3345 =item The XSUBPP Program
3347 =item The TYPEMAP file
3349 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3353 =item What has happened here?
3355 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3357 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3359 =item More about XSUB arguments
3361 =item The Argument Stack
3363 =item Extending your Extension
3365 =item Documenting your Extension
3367 =item Installing your Extension
3371 =item New Things in this Example
3375 =item New Things in this Example
3377 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3379 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3381 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3383 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3399 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3411 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3413 =item The Argument Stack
3415 =item The RETVAL Variable
3417 =item The MODULE Keyword
3419 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3421 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3423 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3425 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3427 =item The CODE: Keyword
3429 =item The INIT: Keyword
3431 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3433 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3435 =item Default Parameter Values
3437 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3439 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3441 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3443 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3445 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3447 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3449 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3451 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3453 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3455 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3457 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3459 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3461 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3463 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3465 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3467 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3469 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3471 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3473 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3475 =item The CASE: Keyword
3477 =item The & Unary Operator
3479 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3481 =item Using XS With C++
3483 =item Interface Strategy
3485 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3499 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3509 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3511 =item File Operations
3513 =item File Input and Output
3515 =item File Positioning
3517 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3519 =item Character Class Tests
3521 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3523 =item Miscellaneous functions
3531 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3543 =item What is an "IV"?
3545 =item Working with SVs
3549 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3551 =item Working with AVs
3553 =item Working with HVs
3555 =item Hash API Extensions
3559 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3561 =item Creating New Variables
3563 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3565 =item Stashes and Globs
3567 =item Double-Typed SVs
3569 =item Magic Variables
3571 =item Assigning Magic
3573 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3577 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3579 =item Localizing changes
3581 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3582 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3583 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3584 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3585 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3586 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3587 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3588 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3589 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3590 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3598 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3600 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3602 =item Memory Allocation
3606 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3610 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3620 =item Examining the tree
3622 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3624 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3626 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3628 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3632 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3634 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3638 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3640 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3642 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3644 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3646 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3650 =item Internal Functions
3652 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3656 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3658 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3660 =item Source Documentation
3664 =item Unicode Support
3668 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3670 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3672 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3674 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3676 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3678 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3688 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3694 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3696 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3698 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3718 =item Determining the Context
3722 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3728 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3730 =item Passing Parameters
3732 =item Returning a Scalar
3734 =item Returning a list of values
3736 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3738 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3742 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3746 =item Using call_argv
3748 =item Using call_method
3752 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3754 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3756 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3757 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3760 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3762 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3774 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3784 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3785 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3786 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3787 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3791 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3795 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3796 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3804 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3814 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3816 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3818 B<Decryption Filters>
3820 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3822 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3824 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3836 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3844 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3845 B<filter_fetch_value>
3851 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3853 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3863 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3869 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3870 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3871 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv,
3872 CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS,
3873 dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS,
3874 get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
3875 gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY,
3876 G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
3877 HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear,
3878 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3879 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3880 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3881 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
3882 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
3883 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
3884 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
3885 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
3886 newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK,
3887 perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
3888 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn,
3889 POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
3890 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
3891 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
3892 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
3893 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
3894 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
3895 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
3896 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
3897 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
3898 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
3899 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV,
3900 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
3901 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
3902 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
3903 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec,
3904 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
3905 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy,
3906 sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
3907 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3908 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3909 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3910 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
3911 sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
3912 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
3913 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER,
3914 utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length,
3915 utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8,
3916 warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY,
3917 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
3918 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES,
3919 XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3927 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3934 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3935 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, start_glob
3943 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3953 =item History and Background
3955 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3957 =item Data Structures
3959 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
3960 data for a particular handle
3962 =item Functions and Attributes
3964 =item Per-instance Data
3966 =item Layers in action.
3968 =item Per-instance flag bits
3970 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
3971 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
3972 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
3973 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
3975 =item Methods in Detail
3977 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
3978 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
3979 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
3980 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
3981 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
3982 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
3983 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3984 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3985 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3986 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
3987 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
3988 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
3989 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
3990 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
3994 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
3996 =item Extension Layers
3998 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4004 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4012 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4013 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4014 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4015 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4016 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4017 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4018 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4019 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4020 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4021 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4022 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4026 =item Co-existence with stdio
4028 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4029 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4031 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4033 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4034 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4035 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4036 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4038 =item Other Functions
4040 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4041 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4047 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4053 =item Infrastructure
4057 =item Mailing list archives
4059 =item Bug tracking system
4061 =item Regression Tests
4063 Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to
4084 Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs
4088 =item Perl Internals
4094 =item Garbage Collection
4096 =item Reliable signals
4098 Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed
4099 sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN
4101 =item Interpolated regex performance bugs
4103 =item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
4105 =item Make XS easier to use
4107 =item Make embedded Perl easier to use
4109 =item Namespace cleanup
4121 =item A clear division into tutorial and reference
4123 =item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions
4125 =item More tutorials
4127 Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging
4129 =item Include a search tool
4131 =item Include a locate tool
4133 =item Separate function manpages by default
4135 =item Users can't find the manpages
4137 =item Install ALL Documentation
4139 =item Outstanding issues to be documented
4141 =item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
4143 =item Replace man with a perl program
4145 =item Unicode tutorial
4153 =item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2
4155 =item Module versions
4163 VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice
4165 =item Procedural options
4169 =item y2k localtime/gmtime
4171 =item Export File::Find variables
4175 =item Debugger attach/detach
4177 =item Regular Expression debugger
4179 =item Alternative RE Syntax
4181 =item Bundled modules
4187 =item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
4203 =item POSIX on non-POSIX
4205 =item Portable installations
4213 =item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
4215 =item Sort out the spawnvp() mess
4217 =item Work out DLL versioning
4223 =item Would be nice to have
4225 C<pack "(stuff)*">, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled
4226 perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format
4227 BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input
4228 should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun
4229 debugger, lvalue functions
4231 =item Possible pragmas
4243 =item constant function cache
4245 =item foreach(reverse...)
4247 =item Cache eval tree
4251 =item Shrink opcode tables
4253 =item Cache hash value
4255 =item Optimize away @_ where possible
4257 =item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
4259 =item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization
4263 =item Vague possibilities
4265 ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?,
4266 Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real
4267 threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al
4269 =item To Do Or Not To Do
4273 =item Making my() work on "package" variables
4275 =item "or" testing defined not truth
4277 =item "dynamic" lexicals
4279 =item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals"
4295 =item External threads
4301 =item Per-thread GVs
4313 =item Precompiled modules
4317 =item Typed lexicals
4327 =item Cached compilation
4331 =item Recently Finished Tasks
4335 =item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
4341 =item Namespace cleanup
4353 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4359 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4360 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4361 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4362 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4363 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4364 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4365 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4369 =item Keeping in sync
4371 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4372 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4373 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4374 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4376 =item Submitting patches
4378 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4379 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4381 =item Finding Your Way Around
4383 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4385 =item Elements of the interpreter
4387 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4389 =item Internal Variable Types
4395 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4397 =item Millions of Macros
4399 =item Poking at Perl
4401 =item Using a source-level debugger
4403 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4404 finish, 'enter', print
4406 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4412 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4416 =item Rational Software's Purify
4418 =item Purify on Unix
4420 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4424 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4426 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4428 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4430 =item Pixie Profiling
4432 -h, -l, -p, -h, -i, -l, -testcoverage, -zero
4436 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4444 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4452 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4464 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4466 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4470 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4474 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4480 =item Reporting Bugs
4488 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4494 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4496 =item Incompatible Changes
4498 =item Core Enhancements
4500 =item Modules and Pragmata
4506 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4510 =item Performance Enhancements
4512 =item Utility Changes
4514 =item New Documentation
4530 =item README.solaris
4534 =item Porting/repository.pod
4538 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4542 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4544 =item Generic Improvements
4546 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4547 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4548 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4552 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4556 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4560 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4562 =item Changed Internals
4566 =item Known Problems
4570 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4572 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4574 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4576 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4580 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4582 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4584 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4586 =item Failure of Thread tests
4588 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4590 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4592 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4594 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4598 =item Reporting Bugs
4606 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4612 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4614 =item Incompatible Changes
4616 =item Core Enhancements
4618 =item Modules and Pragmata
4624 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4628 =item Utility Changes
4630 =item New Documentation
4632 =item Performance Enhancements
4634 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4638 =item Generic Improvements
4642 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4646 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4650 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4652 =item Changed Internals
4654 =item Known Problems
4658 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4660 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4662 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4664 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4666 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4668 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4670 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4672 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4674 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4676 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4680 =item Reporting Bugs
4688 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4694 =item Core Enhancements
4698 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4700 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4702 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4704 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4706 =item "our" declarations
4708 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4710 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4712 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4714 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4716 =item open() with more than two arguments
4718 =item 64-bit support
4720 =item Large file support
4726 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4728 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4730 =item File globbing implemented internally
4732 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4734 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4736 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4738 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4740 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4742 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4744 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4746 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4748 =item Comments in pack() templates
4750 =item Weak references
4752 =item Binary numbers supported
4754 =item Lvalue subroutines
4756 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4758 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4760 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4762 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4764 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4766 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4768 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4770 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4772 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4774 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4776 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4778 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4780 =item Improved diagnostics
4782 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4784 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4786 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4788 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4790 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4792 =item Improved security features
4794 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4796 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4798 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4800 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4802 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4804 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4806 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
4810 =item Modules and Pragmata
4816 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
4817 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
4818 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
4819 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
4820 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
4821 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
4822 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
4823 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
4829 =item Utility Changes
4843 =item The Perl Debugger
4847 =item Improved Documentation
4849 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
4850 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
4851 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
4852 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
4854 =item Performance enhancements
4858 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
4860 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
4862 =item Faster subroutine calls
4864 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
4868 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4872 =item -Dusethreads means something different
4874 =item New Configure flags
4876 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
4882 =item -Duselargefiles
4884 =item installusrbinperl
4890 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
4894 =item Platform specific changes
4898 =item Supported platforms
4902 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
4910 =item Significant bug fixes
4914 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
4916 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
4918 =item All compilation errors are true errors
4920 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
4922 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
4924 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
4926 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
4928 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
4930 =item Failures in DESTROY()
4932 =item Locale bugs fixed
4936 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
4938 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
4940 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
4942 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
4946 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4948 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
4949 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
4950 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
4951 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
4952 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
4953 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
4954 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
4955 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
4956 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
4957 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
4958 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
4959 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
4960 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
4961 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
4962 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
4963 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
4964 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
4965 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
4966 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
4967 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
4968 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
4969 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
4970 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
4971 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
4972 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
4973 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
4974 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
4975 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
4976 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
4977 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
4978 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
4979 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
4980 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
4981 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
4982 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
4983 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
4984 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
4985 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
4986 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
4987 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
4988 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
4989 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
4990 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
4991 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
4992 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
4993 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
4994 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
4995 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
4996 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
4997 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5001 =item Incompatible Changes
5005 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5007 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5008 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5009 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5010 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5011 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5012 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5013 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5014 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5015 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5016 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5017 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5019 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5021 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5023 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5025 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5027 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5031 =item Known Problems
5035 =item Thread test failures
5037 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5039 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5041 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5043 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5046 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5048 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5050 =item Experimental features
5052 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5053 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5054 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5058 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5060 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5061 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5062 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5063 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5065 =item Reporting Bugs
5073 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5079 =item About the new versioning system
5081 =item Incompatible Changes
5085 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5087 =item Default installation structure has changed
5089 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5091 =item C Source Compatibility
5093 =item Binary Compatibility
5095 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5097 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5111 =item Regular Expressions
5113 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5114 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5115 improvements, Incompatible changes
5117 =item Improved malloc()
5119 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5121 =item Reliable signals
5123 =item Reliable stack pointers
5125 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5129 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5131 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5133 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5135 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5137 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5139 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5141 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5143 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5145 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5147 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5149 =item Better locale support
5151 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5153 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5155 =item Extended support for exception handling
5157 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5159 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5161 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5163 =item New C<lock> keyword
5165 =item New C<qr//> operator
5167 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5169 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5171 =item Tied handles support is better
5173 =item 4th argument to substr
5175 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5177 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5179 =item <> now reads in records
5183 =item Supported Platforms
5189 =item Changes in existing support
5193 =item Modules and Pragmata
5199 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5200 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5201 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5203 =item Changes in existing modules
5205 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5206 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5210 =item Utility Changes
5212 =item Documentation Changes
5214 =item New Diagnostics
5216 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5217 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5218 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5219 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5220 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5221 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5222 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5223 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5224 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5225 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5226 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5227 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5228 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5229 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5230 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5231 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5232 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5234 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5236 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5237 temporary file, regexp too big
5239 =item Configuration Changes
5249 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5255 =item Supported Environments
5261 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5263 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5265 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5267 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5269 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5271 =item More precise warnings
5273 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5275 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5277 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5279 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5281 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5283 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5285 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5287 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5289 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5291 =item Changes to tainting checks
5293 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5294 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5296 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5298 =item Embedding improvements
5300 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5302 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5304 =item New and changed syntax
5308 =item New and changed builtin constants
5312 =item New and changed builtin variables
5316 =item New and changed builtin functions
5318 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5319 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5320 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5321 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5322 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5324 =item New builtin methods
5326 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5328 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5330 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5331 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5333 =item Malloc enhancements
5335 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5337 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5341 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5357 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5358 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5364 =item Required Updates
5366 =item Installation directories
5368 =item Module information summary
5382 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5386 =item Utility Changes
5392 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5396 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5400 =item C Language API Changes
5402 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5405 =item Documentation Changes
5407 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5408 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5410 =item New Diagnostics
5412 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5413 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5414 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5415 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5416 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5417 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5418 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5419 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5420 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5421 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5422 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5423 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5424 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5425 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5426 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5427 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5428 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5429 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5430 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5431 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5432 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5433 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5434 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5435 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5436 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5446 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5454 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5458 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5460 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5462 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5464 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5470 =item GDBM and Threads
5472 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5482 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5498 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5500 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5502 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5508 =item Accessing documentation
5516 =item B<GNU> C<info> files
5528 =item Getting the perl source
5532 sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib
5536 =item Installing the built perl
5546 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5568 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell
5570 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5572 =item Floating point anomalies
5590 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5600 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5602 =item Cygwin Configuration
5604 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5612 =item Strip Binaries
5614 =item Optional Libraries
5616 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5617 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5619 =item Configure-time Options
5621 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5622 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5624 =item Suspicious Warnings
5626 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5644 =item File Permissions
5648 =item Filetime Granularity
5650 =item Tainting Checks
5654 =item Script Portability
5656 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5664 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5665 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5675 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
5689 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
5699 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES
5705 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules
5707 =item Building Non-XS Modules
5709 =item Building XS Modules
5719 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5727 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5729 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
5731 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
5733 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5737 =item I/O Redirection
5747 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5751 =item SUPPORT STATUS
5759 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5768 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5778 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5780 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5782 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5784 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5790 =item GDBM and Threads
5792 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5794 =item perl -P and //
5804 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
5813 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
5815 =item Failures during C<make test>
5817 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
5819 =item Building external modules
5829 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
5843 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
5851 =item System Requirements
5853 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
5855 =item Distribution Contents Highlights
5857 README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6
5859 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
5861 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
5863 =item Change History
5867 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
5887 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
5889 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
5891 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
5895 =item Frequently asked questions
5899 =item "It does not work"
5901 =item I cannot run external programs
5903 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
5906 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
5909 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
5911 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
5919 =item Automatic binary installation
5921 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
5923 =item Manual binary installation
5925 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
5926 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
5927 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
5928 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
5929 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
5935 =item Accessing documentation
5939 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
5947 =item GNU C<info> files
5959 =item The short story
5963 =item Getting perl source
5965 =item Application of the patches
5973 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
5976 =item Installing the built perl
5978 =item C<a.out>-style build
5986 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
5988 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
5990 =item Problems with tr or sed
5992 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
5994 =item Library ... not found
5996 =item Segfault in make
5998 =item op/sprintf test failure
6002 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6006 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6010 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6012 =item Additional modules:
6014 =item Prebuilt methods:
6016 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6017 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6018 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6019 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6020 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6021 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6022 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6023 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6024 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6025 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6026 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6028 =item Prebuilt variables:
6030 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6036 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6039 =item Identifying DLLs
6041 =item Centralized management of resources
6057 =item F<perl___.exe>
6059 =item Why strange names?
6061 =item Why dynamic linking?
6063 =item Why chimera build?
6071 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6073 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6075 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6077 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6079 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6081 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6091 =item DLL name mangling
6095 =item Calls to external programs
6097 =item Memory allocation
6101 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6115 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6127 =item Setup and utilities
6131 =item Build, test, install
6133 =item build anomalies
6135 =item testing anomalies
6137 =item installation anomalies
6141 =item Floating point anomalies
6143 =item Modules and Extensions
6161 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6169 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6175 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6181 =item File Extraction Problems.
6183 =item Compiler and Related Tools.
6189 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6193 =item 64-bit Issues.
6197 =item Malloc Issues.
6201 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6203 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6204 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6205 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6211 =item op/stat.t test 4
6215 =item PREBUILT BINARIES.
6217 =item RUNTIME ISSUES.
6221 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files.
6225 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6227 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6231 =item Proc::ProcessTable
6245 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6257 =item Setup and utilities
6261 Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There's a bug in the
6262 compiler (APAR PQ18812) that generates some bad code the optimizer is on,
6263 As VM/ESA doesn't fully support the fork() API programs relying on this
6264 call will not work. I've replaced fork()/exec() with spawn() and the
6265 standalone exec() with spawn(). This has a side effect when opening unnamed
6266 pipes in a shell script: there is no child process generated under
6268 =item testing anomalies
6272 When using perl on VM/ESA please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII
6273 character sets are different. Perl builtin functions that may behave
6274 differently under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod document.
6290 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6298 =item Organization of Perl Images
6304 =item Perl Extensions
6306 =item Installing static extensions
6308 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6312 =item File specifications
6318 =item Wildcard expansion
6324 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6330 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6332 =item Command line switches
6338 =item Perl functions
6340 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6341 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6342 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6343 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6345 =item Perl variables
6347 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|
6349 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6363 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6371 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6375 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6379 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6381 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6385 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6389 =item Unimplemented Features
6395 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6403 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
6415 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
6425 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
6426 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
6427 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
6431 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
6435 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
6436 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
6437 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
6445 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6447 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6459 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6469 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6479 =item Built-in Attributes
6481 locked, method, lvalue
6483 =item Available Subroutines
6487 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6489 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6491 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6499 =item Default exports
6501 =item Available exports
6503 =item Export tags defined
6513 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6525 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6541 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6555 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6569 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6582 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6591 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6597 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6607 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6617 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6628 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6630 =item The I<splain> Program
6644 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6658 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6668 =item subpragma access
6674 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
6685 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
6695 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
6705 =item Adding directories to @INC
6707 =item Deleting directories from @INC
6709 =item Restoring original @INC
6719 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
6730 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
6738 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
6740 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
6746 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
6758 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
6768 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
6770 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
6772 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
6774 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
6776 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
6778 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
6780 =item Overloadable Operations
6782 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
6783 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
6784 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
6786 =item Inheritance and overloading
6788 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
6789 is inherited by derived classes
6793 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
6801 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
6803 =item Copy Constructor
6809 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
6811 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
6812 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
6813 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
6816 =item Losing overloading
6818 =item Run-time Overloading
6820 =item Public functions
6822 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
6824 =item Overloading constants
6826 integer, float, binary, q, qr
6828 =item IMPLEMENTATION
6830 =item Metaphor clash
6836 =item Two-face scalars
6838 =item Two-face references
6840 =item Symbolic calculator
6842 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
6850 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
6851 type, `%s' is not a code reference
6857 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6867 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
6879 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
6881 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
6885 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
6889 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
6897 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
6905 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
6909 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
6919 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
6932 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
6943 =item Utility functions
6945 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
6946 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
6954 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
6964 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
6972 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
6973 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
6974 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
6975 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
6976 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
6980 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
6982 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
6984 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
6994 =item DBM Comparisons
7004 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7014 =item Subroutine Stubs
7016 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7018 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7020 =item Package Lexicals
7022 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7024 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7034 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7042 $keep, $check, $modtime
7046 =item Multiple packages
7054 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7062 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7066 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7074 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7088 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7092 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7094 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7096 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7098 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7102 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7106 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7107 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7111 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7112 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7116 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7120 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7125 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7127 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7131 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7133 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7137 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7141 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7145 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7149 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7151 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7153 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7157 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7161 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7165 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7167 redoop, nextop, lastop
7169 =item B::COP METHODS
7171 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7175 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7177 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7178 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7179 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM),
7180 hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
7186 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7199 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7211 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7223 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7233 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7234 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7235 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7245 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7255 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7256 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7266 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7276 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7277 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7278 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7290 =item Context of ".."
7294 =item Deprecated features
7302 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7312 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7313 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7314 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7316 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7318 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7319 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7320 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7321 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7322 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7323 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7324 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7325 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7331 =item OP flags abbreviations
7333 =item OP class abbreviations
7341 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7353 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7363 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7364 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7366 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7376 =item ambient_pragmas
7378 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
7390 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7402 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7410 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7412 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7413 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7415 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7425 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7435 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7441 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7453 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7465 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7467 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7479 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7489 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7497 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7509 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7523 =item Standard Exports
7525 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7526 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7527 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7529 =item Optional Exports
7531 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7532 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7533 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7549 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7553 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7567 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7577 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7578 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7579 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7589 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7601 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7603 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7605 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7607 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7609 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7611 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7613 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7615 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7617 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7619 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7621 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7623 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7625 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7627 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7629 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7631 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7633 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7635 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7636 B<:standard>, B<:all>
7640 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
7641 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
7644 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
7646 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
7647 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
7652 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
7656 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
7658 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
7660 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
7662 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
7664 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
7666 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
7668 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
7670 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
7671 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
7673 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
7677 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
7681 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
7683 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
7685 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
7687 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
7689 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
7691 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
7692 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
7694 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
7698 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
7702 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
7704 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
7706 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
7708 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
7712 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
7714 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
7716 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
7720 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
7722 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
7726 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
7730 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
7734 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
7738 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
7742 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
7744 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
7746 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
7750 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
7754 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
7760 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
7761 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
7763 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
7765 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
7766 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
7769 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
7775 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
7779 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
7781 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
7782 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
7783 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
7784 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
7785 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
7787 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
7789 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
7794 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
7796 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
7798 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
7799 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
7801 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
7803 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7807 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
7808 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
7809 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
7810 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
7811 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
7812 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
7813 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
7814 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
7815 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
7816 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
7817 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
7818 ...and many many more..
7820 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
7828 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
7838 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7846 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
7855 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
7857 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
7861 =item Changing the default message
7865 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
7875 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
7883 =item USING CGI::Cookie
7885 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
7889 =item Creating New Cookies
7891 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
7893 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
7895 =item Manipulating Cookies
7897 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
7901 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7909 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
7917 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
7919 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
7921 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
7923 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
7927 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7935 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
7945 =item Tags that won't be formatted
7947 =item Customizing the Indenting
7959 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
7967 =item USING CGI::Push
7969 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
7973 =item Heterogeneous Pages
7975 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
7979 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
7981 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7989 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
7999 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8007 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8015 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8021 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8031 =item Interactive Mode
8033 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8034 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8035 distribution, ls author, Signals
8043 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8045 =item Programmer's interface
8047 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8049 =item Methods in the other Classes
8051 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8052 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8053 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8054 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8055 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8056 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8057 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8058 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8059 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8060 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8061 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8062 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8063 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8064 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8065 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8066 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8067 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8068 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8069 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8070 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8071 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8072 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8073 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8074 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8075 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8076 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8084 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8088 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8094 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8095 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8096 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8097 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8101 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8103 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8111 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8113 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8117 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8119 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8121 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8127 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8139 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8149 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8162 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8172 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8180 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8182 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8192 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8193 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8194 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8196 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8204 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8214 =item The C<struct()> function
8216 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8218 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8220 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8221 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8223 =item Initializing with C<new>
8229 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8231 =item Author and Modification History
8235 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8243 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8255 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8259 C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>,
8260 C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>,
8261 C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk>
8265 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8266 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8270 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8271 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8272 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8273 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>
8277 C<CONFIGDOTSH>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>,
8278 C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>,
8279 C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8283 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8284 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8285 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8286 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8287 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>,
8288 C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>,
8289 C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>,
8290 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>,
8291 C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>,
8292 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
8293 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
8294 C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
8295 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
8296 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
8297 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>,
8298 C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>,
8299 C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>,
8300 C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>,
8301 C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>,
8302 C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
8303 C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>,
8304 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>,
8305 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
8306 C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
8307 C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
8308 C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>,
8309 C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
8310 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
8311 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
8312 C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
8313 C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
8314 C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>,
8315 C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>,
8316 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
8317 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
8318 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
8319 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
8320 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
8321 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
8322 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
8323 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
8324 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>,
8325 C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>,
8326 C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>,
8327 C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>,
8328 C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
8329 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
8330 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
8331 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
8332 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
8333 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
8334 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
8335 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
8336 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
8337 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>,
8338 C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_statblks>,
8339 C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>,
8340 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
8341 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
8342 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
8343 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
8344 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>,
8345 C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>,
8346 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
8347 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
8348 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
8349 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
8350 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
8351 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
8352 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
8353 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>,
8354 C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8358 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8359 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8363 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8364 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
8368 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8369 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8373 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8377 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8378 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8379 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8380 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
8381 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
8382 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8383 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8384 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8385 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8386 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8387 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8388 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8389 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8390 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8391 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8392 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8393 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8394 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8395 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8396 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8397 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8398 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8399 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8404 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8408 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8409 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8410 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8411 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8412 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8413 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8417 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8418 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8419 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8423 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8424 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8428 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8429 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8430 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8431 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8435 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8436 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8440 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8445 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8446 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8447 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8448 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8452 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8456 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8457 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm>
8461 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8462 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8463 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8464 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8465 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8466 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8467 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8468 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8469 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8470 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8471 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8472 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8473 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8474 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8478 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
8479 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8483 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8484 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8485 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8486 C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>,
8487 C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>,
8488 C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>,
8489 C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>,
8490 C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>,
8491 C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8495 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8496 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8497 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8501 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8505 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
8517 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
8527 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8539 =item Global Variables
8541 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8542 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8547 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8548 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8550 =item Client Callback Methods
8552 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8553 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8554 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8564 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8572 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8576 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8578 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8580 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8582 =item Default Parameters
8584 =item In Memory Databases
8592 =item A Simple Example
8600 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8602 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8604 =item The get_dup() Method
8606 =item The find_dup() Method
8608 =item The del_dup() Method
8610 =item Matching Partial Keys
8618 =item The 'bval' Option
8620 =item A Simple Example
8622 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8624 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8625 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
8627 =item Another Example
8631 =item THE API INTERFACE
8633 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8634 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8635 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
8636 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
8640 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
8641 B<filter_fetch_value>
8647 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
8649 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
8653 =item HINTS AND TIPS
8657 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
8659 =item Safe ways to lock a database
8661 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
8663 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
8665 =item The untie() Gotcha
8669 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
8673 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
8675 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
8677 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
8679 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
8699 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
8700 printing and C<eval>
8712 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
8713 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
8714 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
8721 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
8723 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8724 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8725 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8726 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8727 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8728 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8729 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8730 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8731 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8732 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8733 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8734 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
8754 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
8762 =item PROFILE FORMAT
8774 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
8784 =item Memory footprint debugging
8792 =item A simple scalar string
8794 =item A simple scalar number
8796 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
8798 =item A reference to a simple scalar
8800 =item A reference to an array
8802 =item A reference to a hash
8804 =item Dumping a large array or hash
8806 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
8808 =item A reference to a subroutine
8822 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
8832 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
8840 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
8844 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
8845 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
8846 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
8854 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
8864 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
8868 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
8869 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
8881 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
8891 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
8903 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
8904 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
8905 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
8910 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
8911 veryCompact, set, get
8917 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
8925 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
8926 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
8927 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
8928 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
8935 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
8948 =head2 Encode - character encodings
8966 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
8968 =item Types of Encodings
8970 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
8971 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
8973 =item Specifying Encodings
8975 1. By name, 2. As an object
8977 =item Encoding Names
8979 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
8980 The name used by the the organization that defined it
8984 =item PERL ENCODING API
8988 =item Generic Encoding Interface
8990 =item Handling Malformed Data
8992 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
8996 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
8998 =item Listing available encodings
9000 =item Defining Aliases
9002 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
9005 =item Defining Encodings
9009 =item Encoding and IO
9011 =item Encoding How to ...
9013 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
9014 strings in binary data, perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
9016 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
9018 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
9020 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
9022 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
9023 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9027 =item Compiled Encodings
9029 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9030 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9038 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9039 of the Encode extension
9045 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9053 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9055 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9061 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9069 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9082 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9097 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9113 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9125 =item Selecting What To Export
9127 =item Specialised Import Lists
9129 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9131 =item Module Version Checking
9133 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9135 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9141 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9151 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9172 mv source... destination
9174 cp source... destination
9192 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
9204 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
9205 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
9215 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
9225 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
9237 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
9238 packlist(), version()
9246 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
9254 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
9260 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
9270 =item VMS implementation
9272 =item Win32 implementation
9280 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9289 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9293 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9308 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9320 =item Preloaded methods
9340 =item SelfLoaded methods
9386 file_name_is_absolute
9392 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9432 maybe_command_in_dirs
9470 replace_manpage_separator
9484 test_via_harness (o)
9516 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9527 =item Methods always loaded
9539 =item SelfLoaded methods
9541 guess_name (override)
9545 find_perl (override)
9549 maybe_command (override)
9551 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
9553 perl_script (override)
9555 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9557 replace_manpage_separator
9559 init_others (override)
9561 constants (override)
9565 const_cccmd (override)
9567 pm_to_blib (override)
9569 tool_autosplit (override)
9571 tool_sxubpp (override)
9573 xsubpp_version (override)
9575 tools_other (override)
9585 top_targets (override)
9589 dynamic_lib (override)
9591 dynamic_bs (override)
9593 static_lib (override)
9595 manifypods (override)
9597 processPL (override)
9599 installbin (override)
9605 realclean (override)
9607 dist_basics (override)
9609 dist_core (override)
9613 dist_test (override)
9617 perldepend (override)
9623 test_via_harness (override)
9625 test_via_script (override)
9627 makeaperl (override)
9631 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9658 test_via_harness (o)
9660 tool_autosplit (override)
9678 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
9688 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
9690 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
9698 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
9702 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
9704 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
9706 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
9708 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
9710 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
9711 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
9712 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
9713 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
9714 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
9715 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
9716 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
9717 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
9718 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
9719 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
9720 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
9721 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
9722 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
9723 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
9724 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
9726 =item Additional lowercase attributes
9728 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
9731 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
9733 =item Hintsfile support
9735 =item Distribution Support
9737 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
9738 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
9739 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
9741 =item Disabling an extension
9755 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
9767 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
9771 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
9772 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
9776 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
9784 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
9796 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
9806 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
9815 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
9823 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
9835 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
9843 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
9853 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
9865 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
9875 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
9879 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
9887 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
9891 C<basename>, C<dirname>
9895 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
9905 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
9919 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
9929 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
9931 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
9941 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
9949 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
9961 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
9969 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
9970 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>,
9971 C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
9977 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
9985 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
9986 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
9987 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
9991 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
9999 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
10011 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
10025 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
10059 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10077 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
10105 file_name_is_absolute
10125 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
10135 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
10167 file_name_is_absolute
10189 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
10205 =item Methods always loaded
10207 canonpath (override)
10225 case_tolerant (override)
10229 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10231 splitpath (override)
10233 splitdir (override)
10247 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
10277 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10301 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10315 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10325 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10333 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10341 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10343 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10355 =item Temporary files and NFS
10367 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10381 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10393 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10401 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10407 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10431 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10441 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10445 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10447 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10455 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10457 =item Example 2: Using the context
10459 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10461 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10465 =item Filter::Simple
10473 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
10481 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
10491 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
10507 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
10515 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
10517 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
10521 =item Simple options
10523 =item A little bit less simple options
10525 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
10527 =item Options with values
10529 =item Options with multiple values
10531 =item Options with hash values
10533 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
10535 =item Options with multiple names
10537 =item Case and abbreviations
10539 =item Summary of Option Specifications
10541 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
10545 =item Advanced Possibilities
10549 =item Object oriented interface
10551 =item Documentation and help texts
10553 =item Storing options in a hash
10557 =item The lonesome dash
10559 =item Argument call-back
10563 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
10565 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
10566 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
10567 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
10568 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
10569 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
10571 =item Return values and Errors
10577 =item Default destinations
10579 =item Alternative option starters
10581 =item Configuration variables
10585 =item Trouble Shooting
10589 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
10591 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
10598 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
10602 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
10613 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
10624 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
10634 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
10642 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10643 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10653 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10663 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10667 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10675 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
10685 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10689 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10690 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10691 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10692 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10704 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10714 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10718 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10728 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10738 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10739 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10749 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
10757 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10758 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10767 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
10777 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10781 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10782 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10783 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10793 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
10807 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
10808 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
10818 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
10834 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10847 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
10861 hostpath(), peerpath()
10871 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
10880 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10881 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10891 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10901 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10905 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10913 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
10924 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10928 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10929 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10930 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10931 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10943 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10953 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10957 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10967 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10977 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10978 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10988 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
10997 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10998 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11007 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
11018 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11022 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11023 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11024 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11034 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
11049 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11050 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11060 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
11061 AF_INET domain sockets
11077 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11090 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
11091 AF_UNIX domain sockets
11105 hostpath(), peerpath()
11115 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11125 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11126 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11137 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
11151 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
11164 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
11174 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11175 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11176 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11187 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
11205 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11215 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11216 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11227 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
11238 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11239 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11240 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11251 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
11259 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11260 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11262 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11268 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
11269 general-utility list subroutines
11277 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11278 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11280 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11286 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
11287 general-utility scalar subroutines
11295 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, reftype EXPR, weaken REF
11303 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
11311 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11315 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
11323 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
11335 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
11341 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11343 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
11344 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
11350 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11352 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
11358 =item CODE ALIASING
11368 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11372 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
11373 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
11374 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
11375 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
11383 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
11384 identification (ISO 4217)
11402 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11404 code2currency(), currency2code()
11410 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11412 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
11420 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11424 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
11432 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
11449 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11451 code2language(), language2code()
11457 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11459 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
11467 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11471 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
11472 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
11480 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
11488 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
11492 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
11500 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
11501 of quoted-printable strings
11509 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
11515 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
11524 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
11530 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
11538 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
11547 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
11555 Canonical notation, Input, Output
11559 =item Autocreating constants
11567 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
11580 =item STRINGIFICATION
11584 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
11590 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
11592 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
11600 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
11608 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
11614 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
11616 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
11620 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11622 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
11626 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
11628 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11630 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
11631 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
11635 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
11641 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
11651 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
11659 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11665 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11669 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11673 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
11681 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
11687 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
11688 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
11696 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
11713 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
11730 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
11745 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
11762 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
11772 =item IMPLEMENTATION
11778 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
11786 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11792 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11796 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11800 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
11812 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
11814 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
11815 or optag, an operator set (opset)
11817 =item Opcode Functions
11819 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
11820 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
11821 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
11824 =item Manipulating Opsets
11826 =item TO DO (maybe)
11832 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
11834 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
11835 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
11836 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
11845 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
11854 a new namespace, an operator mask
11860 =item RECENT CHANGES
11862 =item Methods in class Safe
11864 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
11865 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
11866 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
11867 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
11869 =item Some Safety Issues
11871 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
11879 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
11892 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
11906 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
11907 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
11908 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
11909 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
11910 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
11911 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
11912 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
11913 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
11914 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
11915 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
11916 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
11917 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
11918 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
11919 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
11920 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
11921 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
11922 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
11923 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
11924 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
11925 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
11926 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
11927 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
11928 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
11929 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
11930 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
11937 =item POSIX::SigAction
11941 =item POSIX::SigSet
11943 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
11945 =item POSIX::Termios
11947 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
11948 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
11949 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
11950 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
11951 values, c_oflag field values
11955 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
11959 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
11963 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
12021 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
12030 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
12034 =item Defaults and how to override them
12044 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
12054 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
12062 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
12063 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
12064 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
12065 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
12066 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
12067 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
12068 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
12072 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
12078 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
12084 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
12096 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
12097 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
12098 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
12099 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
12100 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
12101 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
12102 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
12103 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
12108 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
12109 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
12110 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
12111 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
12112 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
12113 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
12117 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
12118 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
12130 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
12132 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
12135 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
12137 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
12139 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
12141 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
12143 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
12151 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
12163 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
12165 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
12172 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
12178 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
12180 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
12187 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
12199 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
12209 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
12210 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
12225 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
12238 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
12239 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
12245 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
12269 =item B<was_cutting()>
12275 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
12281 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
12287 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
12293 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
12299 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12305 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
12311 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
12317 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
12323 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
12329 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
12335 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
12341 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
12347 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
12353 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
12359 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
12365 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12371 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
12377 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
12383 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
12389 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
12395 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
12401 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
12407 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
12413 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
12419 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
12425 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
12431 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
12437 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12443 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
12455 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
12467 =item OBJECT METHODS
12475 =item Data Accessors
12491 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
12493 B<StartWithNewPage>
12507 =item Subclassed methods
12521 B<interior_sequence>
12537 =item Methods for headings
12545 =item Internal methods
12551 B<_replace_special_chars>
12557 B<_clean_latex_commands>
12573 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
12581 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
12586 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
12587 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
12588 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
12589 line %d, Unmatched =back
12599 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
12613 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
12621 $list-E<gt>indent()
12629 $list-E<gt>parent()
12635 =item Pod::Hyperlink
12637 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
12641 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
12643 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
12647 $link-E<gt>warning()
12649 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
12655 $link-E<gt>alttext()
12665 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
12671 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
12675 =item Pod::Cache::Item
12677 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
12681 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
12683 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
12685 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
12687 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
12689 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
12691 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
12693 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
12703 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
12715 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12717 =item PARSING OPTIONS
12719 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
12720 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
12726 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12734 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12740 =item B<verbatim()>
12742 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12748 =item B<textblock()>
12750 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12756 =item B<interior_sequence()>
12762 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12774 =item B<initialize()>
12780 =item B<begin_pod()>
12786 =item B<begin_input()>
12792 =item B<end_input()>
12804 =item B<preprocess_line()>
12810 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
12816 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
12822 =item B<parse_text()>
12824 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
12825 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
12826 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
12832 =item B<interpolate()>
12838 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
12844 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
12850 =item B<parse_from_file()>
12856 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
12862 =item B<errorsub()>
12874 =item B<parseopts()>
12880 =item B<output_file()>
12886 =item B<output_handle()>
12892 =item B<input_file()>
12898 =item B<input_handle()>
12904 =item B<input_streams()>
12910 =item B<top_stream()>
12916 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12922 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
12928 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
12934 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
12942 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
12962 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
12975 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
12977 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
12983 =item OBJECT METHODS
12989 =item B<curr_headings()>
13001 =item B<add_selection()>
13007 =item B<clear_selections()>
13013 =item B<match_section()>
13019 =item B<is_selected()>
13025 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
13031 =item B<podselect()>
13033 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
13039 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
13045 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
13051 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
13057 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
13069 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
13077 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
13081 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
13082 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
13083 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
13095 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
13111 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
13128 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
13129 text with format escapes
13143 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
13152 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
13161 =item Recommended Use
13169 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
13173 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
13181 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13187 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13191 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13195 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
13203 a new namespace, an operator mask
13209 =item RECENT CHANGES
13211 =item Methods in class Safe
13213 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13214 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13215 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13216 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13218 =item Some Safety Issues
13220 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13228 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
13236 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, reftype EXPR, weaken REF
13244 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
13254 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
13264 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
13274 =item The __DATA__ token
13276 =item SelfLoader autoloading
13278 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
13280 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
13282 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
13284 =item Classes and inherited methods.
13288 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
13292 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
13302 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
13310 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
13311 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
13319 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
13320 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
13321 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
13322 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
13323 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
13327 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
13337 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
13341 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
13343 =item ERROR REPORTING
13351 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
13356 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
13357 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
13381 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
13395 =item Allowing fall-through
13397 =item Automating fall-through
13399 =item Higher-order Operations
13413 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
13423 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
13435 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
13436 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
13444 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
13445 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
13456 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
13457 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
13465 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
13466 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
13477 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
13487 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
13488 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
13499 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
13511 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
13519 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
13529 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
13530 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
13538 =item Minimal set of supported functions
13540 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
13541 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
13543 =item Additional supported functions
13545 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
13555 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
13565 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
13577 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
13587 =item The test script output
13589 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
13590 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
13591 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>
13599 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
13600 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
13601 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
13602 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
13606 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
13607 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
13618 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
13630 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
13640 =item General behaviour in list contexts
13644 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
13646 =item A note about prefixes
13648 =item C<extract_delimited>
13650 =item C<extract_bracketed>
13652 =item C<extract_tagged>
13654 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
13655 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
13657 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
13659 =item C<extract_quotelike>
13661 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
13663 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
13665 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
13667 =item C<extract_codeblock>
13669 =item C<extract_multiple>
13671 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
13677 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
13678 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
13679 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
13680 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
13681 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
13682 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
13683 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
13684 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
13685 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
13686 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
13687 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
13688 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
13693 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
13699 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
13714 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
13731 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
13746 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
13760 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
13773 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
13774 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
13775 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
13779 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
13787 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
13795 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
13797 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
13803 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
13811 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
13813 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
13817 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
13829 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
13839 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
13847 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
13848 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
13849 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
13850 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
13858 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
13867 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
13868 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
13869 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
13870 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
13872 =item MORE INFORMATION
13874 =item COMPATIBILITY
13878 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
13886 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
13887 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
13891 =item MORE INFORMATION
13895 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
13913 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
13922 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
13924 =item MORE INFORMATION
13928 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
13940 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday
13948 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
13949 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval ( $ref_to_gettimeofday [,
13950 $ref_to_later_gettimeofday] ), time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ), alarm
13951 ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer ( $which,
13952 $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer ( $which )
13966 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
13974 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13980 =head2 Time::Piece - Object Oriented time objects
13992 =item Local Locales
13994 =item Date Calculations
13996 =item Date Comparisons
13998 =item Global Overriding
14014 =head2 Time::Piece::Seconds, Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert
14015 seconds to other date values
14033 =head2 Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert seconds to other date values
14051 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
14066 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
14081 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
14093 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
14101 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
14102 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
14106 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
14121 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
14132 =item System Specifics
14146 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
14154 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
14156 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
14157 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
14158 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
14159 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
14160 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
14161 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
14162 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
14163 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
14164 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
14165 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
14166 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
14167 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
14168 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
14169 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
14170 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
14171 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
14177 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
14195 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
14207 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
14209 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
14210 don't all have manual pages yet:
14236 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles