4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 modularity and reusability using innumerable modules, embeddable and
21 extensible, roll-your-own magic variables (including multiple simultaneous
22 DBM implementations), subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and
23 prototyped, arbitrarily nested data structures and anonymous functions,
24 object-oriented programming, compilability into C code or Perl bytecode,
25 support for light-weight processes (threads), support for
26 internationalization, localization, and Unicode, lexical scoping, regular
27 expression enhancements, enhanced debugger and interactive Perl
28 environment, with integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant library
46 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
51 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
52 About Perl, What is Perl?, Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it
53 free?, Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4 and perl5?, What
54 is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is Perl difficult to learn?, How does Perl
55 compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?, Can
56 I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I program in Perl?, What's the
57 difference between "perl" and "Perl"?, Is it a Perl program or a Perl
58 script?, What is a JAPH?, Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?,
59 How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
60 (5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and
61 Learning about Perl, What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?, How
62 can I get a binary version of Perl?, I don't have a C compiler on my
63 system. How can I compile perl?, I copied the Perl binary from one machine
64 to another, but scripts don't work, I grabbed the sources and tried to
65 compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make
66 it work?, What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is
67 CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is there an ISO or ANSI certified
68 version of Perl?, Where can I get information on Perl?, What are the Perl
69 newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?, Where should I post
70 source code?, Perl Books, Perl in Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW
71 Access, What mailing lists are there for perl?, Archives of
72 comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?, Where
73 do I send bug reports?, What is perl.com?, L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools,
74 How do I do (anything)?, How can I use Perl interactively?, Is there a Perl
75 shell?, How do I debug my Perl programs?, How do I profile my Perl
76 programs?, How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?, Is there a
77 pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is there a ctags for Perl?, Is there
78 an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?, Where can I get Perl macros for vi?, Where
79 can I get perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use curses with Perl?, How can I
80 use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I generate simple menus without using CGI
81 or Tk?, What is undump?, How can I make my Perl program run faster?, How
82 can I make my Perl program take less memory?, Is it unsafe to return a
83 pointer to local data?, How can I free an array or hash so my program
84 shrinks?, How can I make my CGI script more efficient?, How can I hide the
85 source for my Perl program?, How can I compile my Perl program into byte
86 code or C?, How can I compile Perl into Java?, How can I get C<#!perl> to
87 work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful perl programs on the command
88 line?, Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?, Where can
89 I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?, Where can I learn about
90 object-oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about linking C with
91 Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't
92 embed perl inmy C program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my
93 script, I got this message. What does itmean?, What's MakeMaker?,
94 L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, Why am I getting long decimals (eg,
95 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?,
96 Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does Perl have a round()
97 function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?, How do I
98 convert bits into ints?, Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?, How do I
99 multiply matrices?, How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?,
100 How can I output Roman numerals?, Why aren't my random numbers random?, How
101 do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find the current
102 century or millennium?, How can I compare two dates and find the
103 difference?, How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?, How
104 can I find the Julian Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl have
105 a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How do I validate input?, How
106 do I unescape a string?, How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?,
107 How do I expand function calls in a string?, How do I find matching/nesting
108 anything?, How do I reverse a string?, How do I expand tabs in a string?,
109 How do I reformat a paragraph?, How can I access/change the first N letters
110 of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?, How can I
111 count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?, How do I
112 capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I split a [character]
113 delimited string except when inside[character]? (Comma-separated files),
114 How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?, How do I
115 pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?, How do I extract
116 selected columns from a string?, How do I find the soundex value of a
117 string?, How can I expand variables in text strings?, What's wrong with
118 always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?, What
119 is the difference between a list and an array?, What is the difference
120 between $array[1] and @array[1]?, How can I remove duplicate elements from
121 a list or array?, How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain
122 element?, How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute
123 the intersection of two arrays?, How do I test whether two arrays or hashes
124 are equal?, How do I find the first array element for which a condition is
125 true?, How do I handle linked lists?, How do I handle circular lists?, How
126 do I shuffle an array randomly?, How do I process/modify each element of an
127 array?, How do I select a random element from an array?, How do I permute N
128 elements of a list?, How do I sort an array by (anything)?, How do I
129 manipulate arrays of bits?, Why does defined() return true on empty arrays
130 and hashes?, How do I process an entire hash?, What happens if I add or
131 remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?, How do I look up a hash
132 element by value?, How can I know how many entries are in a hash?, How do I
133 sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?, How can I always keep my
134 hash sorted?, What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with
135 hashes?, Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?, How
136 do I reset an each() operation part-way through?, How can I get the unique
137 keys from two hashes?, How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM
138 file?, How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?,
139 Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?,
140 How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array
141 of hashes or arrays?, How can I use a reference as a hash key?, How do I
142 handle binary data correctly?, How do I determine whether a scalar is a
143 number/whole/integer/float?, How do I keep persistent data across program
144 calls?, How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?, How do I
145 define methods for every class/object?, How do I verify a credit card
146 checksum?, How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?,
147 L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an output
148 filehandle? Why must I do this?, How do I change one line in a file/delete
149 a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the
150 beginning of a file?, How do I count the number of lines in a file?, How do
151 I make a temporary file name?, How can I manipulate fixed-record-length
152 files?, How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
153 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?,
154 How can I use a filehandle indirectly?, How can I set up a footer format to
155 be used with write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I output
156 my numbers with commas added?, How can I translate tildes (~) in a
157 filename?, How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do
158 I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use E<lt>*E<gt>?, Is
159 there a leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>"
160 or trailing blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a
161 file?, Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking.
162 I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How
163 do I randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in
164 perl?, How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more
165 than one file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How
166 can I read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from
167 a file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character
168 waiting on a filehandle?, How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?, How do I dup()
169 a filehandle in Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why
170 can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe`
171 work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?, Why does Perl let me
172 delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't
173 this a bug in Perl?, How do I select a random line from a file?, Why do I
174 get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, How
175 can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and
176 unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble matching over more than one line.
177 What's wrong?, How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are
178 themselves on different lines?, I put a regular expression into $/ but it
179 didn't work. What's wrong?, How do I substitute case insensitively on the
180 LHS, but preserving case on the RHS?, How can I make C<\w> match national
181 character sets?, How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?,
182 How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?, What is C</o> really for?,
183 How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?,
184 Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?, What does it
185 mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?, How do I process
186 each word on each line?, How can I print out a word-frequency or
187 line-frequency summary?, How can I do approximate matching?, How do I
188 efficiently match many regular expressions at once?, Why don't
189 word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?, Why does using $&, $`, or
190 $' slow my program down?, What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?, Are
191 Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?, What's wrong with
192 using grep or map in a void context?, How can I match strings with
193 multibyte characters?, How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the
194 user?, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues, Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE
195 for the Perl language?, What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how
196 do I know when to use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my strings or
197 use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip some return values?, How do I
198 temporarily block warnings?, What's an extension?, Why do Perl operators
199 have different precedence than C operators?, How do I declare/create a
200 structure?, How do I create a module?, How do I create a class?, How can I
201 tell if a variable is tainted?, What's a closure?, What is variable suicide
202 and how can I prevent it?, How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle,
203 Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I create a static variable?, What's
204 the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between
205 local() and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly
206 named lexical is in scope?, What's the difference between deep and shallow
207 binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?, How do I
208 redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference
209 between calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or
210 case statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined
211 variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method included in this same file
212 be found?, How can I find out my current package?, How can I comment out a
213 large block of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use a
214 variable as a variable name?, L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, How do I
215 find out which operating system I'm running under?, How come exec() doesn't
216 return?, How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?, How do I
217 print something out in color?, How do I read just one key without waiting
218 for a return key?, How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?,
219 How do I clear the screen?, How do I get the screen size?, How do I ask the
220 user for a password?, How do I read and write the serial port?, How do I
221 decode encrypted password files?, How do I start a process in the
222 background?, How do I trap control characters/signals?, How do I modify the
223 shadow password file on a Unix system?, How do I set the time and date?,
224 How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How can I measure time
225 under a second?, How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception
226 handling), Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)?
227 What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?, How can I call
228 my system's unique C functions from Perl?, Where do I get the include files
229 to do ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts complain about
230 kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?, Why
231 can't I get the output of a command with system()?, How can I capture
232 STDERR from an external command?, Why doesn't open() return an error when a
233 pipe open fails?, What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?, How
234 can I call backticks without shell processing?, Why can't my script read
235 from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?, How can I
236 convert my shell script to perl?, Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp
237 session?, How can I write expect in Perl?, Is there a way to hide perl's
238 command line from programs such as "ps"?, I {changed directory, modified my
239 environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I
240 exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?, How do I close
241 a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?, How do I fork a
242 daemon process?, How do I make my program run with sh and csh?, How do I
243 find out if I'm running interactively or not?, How do I timeout a slow
244 event?, How do I set CPU limits?, How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?,
245 How do I use an SQL database?, How do I make a system() exit on control-C?,
246 How do I open a file without blocking?, How do I install a module from
247 CPAN?, What's the difference between require and use?, How do I keep my own
248 module/library directory?, How do I add the directory my program lives in
249 to the module/library search path?, How do I add a directory to my include
250 path at runtime?, What is socket.ph and where do I get it?, L<perlfaq9>:
251 Networking, My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser.
252 (500 Server Error), How can I get better error messages from a CGI
253 program?, How do I remove HTML from a string?, How do I extract URLs?, How
254 do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on
255 another machine?, How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?, How do I fetch an
256 HTML file?, How do I automate an HTML form submission?, How do I decode or
257 create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I redirect to another page?,
258 How do I put a password on my web pages?, How do I edit my .htpasswd and
259 .htgroup files with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't enter values into
260 a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?, How do I parse a mail
261 header?, How do I decode a CGI form?, How do I check a valid mail address?,
262 How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How do I return the user's mail
263 address?, How do I send mail?, How do I read mail?, How do I find out my
264 hostname/domainname/IP address?, How do I fetch a news article or the
265 active newsgroups?, How do I fetch/put an FTP file?, How can I do RPC in
270 =item Where to get this document
272 =item How to contribute to this document
274 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
281 =item Author and Copyright Information
285 =item Bundled Distributions
293 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97,
294 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97
296 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
297 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
305 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
307 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
309 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
313 =item How stable is Perl?
315 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
317 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
320 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
322 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
324 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
326 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
328 =item What is a JAPH?
330 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
332 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
333 (5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?
337 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
339 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.31 $,
340 $Date: 1999/04/14 03:46:19 $)
346 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
348 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
350 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
352 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
355 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
356 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
358 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
359 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
361 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
363 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
365 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
367 =item Where should I post source code?
371 References, Tutorials
372 *Learning Perl [2nd edition]
373 by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Christiansen
374 with foreword by Larry Wall, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
376 =item Perl in Magazines
378 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
380 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
382 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
384 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
386 =item Where do I send bug reports?
388 =item What is perl.com?
392 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
394 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
401 =item How do I do (anything)?
403 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
405 =item Is there a Perl shell?
407 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
409 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
411 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
413 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
415 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
417 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
419 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
421 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
423 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
425 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
427 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
429 =item What is undump?
431 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
433 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
435 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
437 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
439 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
441 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
443 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
445 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
447 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
449 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
451 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
453 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
455 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
457 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
459 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
460 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
462 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
465 =item What's MakeMaker?
469 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
471 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
480 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
481 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
483 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
485 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
488 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
490 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
492 =item How do I multiply matrices?
494 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
496 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
498 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
506 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
508 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
510 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
512 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
514 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
516 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
518 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
526 =item How do I validate input?
528 =item How do I unescape a string?
530 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
532 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
534 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
536 =item How do I reverse a string?
538 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
540 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
542 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
544 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
546 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
549 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
551 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
552 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
554 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
556 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
558 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
560 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
562 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
564 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
566 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
568 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
569 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
578 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
580 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
582 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
584 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:(this assumes all true
585 values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like
586 (b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any
587 loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive
590 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
592 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
593 intersection of two arrays?
595 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
597 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
599 =item How do I handle linked lists?
601 =item How do I handle circular lists?
603 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
605 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
607 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
609 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
611 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
613 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
615 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
619 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
623 =item How do I process an entire hash?
625 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
628 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
630 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
632 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
634 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
636 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
638 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
640 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
642 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
644 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
646 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
648 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
651 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
652 array of hashes or arrays?
654 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
662 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
664 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
666 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
668 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
670 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
672 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
674 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
678 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
680 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
687 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
689 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
690 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
692 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
694 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
696 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
698 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
699 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
701 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
703 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
705 =item How can I write() into a string?
707 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
709 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
711 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
713 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
716 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
718 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
720 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
722 =item How can I lock a file?
724 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
726 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
727 the file. How can I do this?
729 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
731 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
733 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
735 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
737 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
739 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
741 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
743 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
745 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
747 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
749 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
751 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
752 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
754 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
756 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
757 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
759 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
761 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
765 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
767 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
773 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
774 and unmaintainable code?
776 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
778 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
780 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
783 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
785 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
788 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
790 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
792 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
794 =item What is C</o> really for?
796 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
799 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
801 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
803 =item How do I process each word on each line?
805 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
807 =item How can I do approximate matching?
809 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
811 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
813 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
815 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
817 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
819 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
821 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
823 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
827 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
829 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
830 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
836 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
838 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
841 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
844 =item How do I skip some return values?
846 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
848 =item What's an extension?
850 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
852 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
854 =item How do I create a module?
856 =item How do I create a class?
858 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
860 =item What's a closure?
862 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
864 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
867 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
870 =item How do I create a static variable?
872 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
873 Between local() and my()?
875 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
878 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
880 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
882 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
884 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
886 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
888 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
890 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
892 =item How can I find out my current package?
894 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
896 =item How do I clear a package?
898 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
902 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
904 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
911 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
913 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
915 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
917 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
919 =item How do I print something out in color?
921 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
923 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
925 =item How do I clear the screen?
927 =item How do I get the screen size?
929 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
931 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
933 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
935 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
937 =item How do I start a process in the background?
939 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
941 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
943 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
945 =item How do I set the time and date?
947 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
949 =item How can I measure time under a second?
951 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
953 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
954 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
956 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
958 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
960 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
962 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
964 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
966 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
968 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
970 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
972 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
974 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
977 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
979 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
981 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
983 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
986 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
987 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
988 changes to be visible?
992 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
995 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
997 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
999 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1001 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1003 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1005 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1007 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1009 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1011 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1013 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1015 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1017 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1019 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1022 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
1024 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1028 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1030 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
1037 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1040 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1042 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1044 =item How do I extract URLs?
1046 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1047 file on another machine?
1049 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
1051 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1053 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1055 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1057 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1059 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1061 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1063 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1064 CGI script to do bad things?
1066 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1068 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1070 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1072 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1074 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1076 =item How do I send mail?
1078 =item How do I read mail?
1080 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
1082 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1084 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1086 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1090 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1092 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6 (as of v5.005_62)
1096 =item Incompatible Changes
1100 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
1102 Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Possibly changed
1103 pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed,
1104 C<undef> fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe()
1105 handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, values(%h) and
1106 C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS)
1107 enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed,
1108 C<%@> has been removed
1110 =item C Source Incompatibilities
1112 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>, C<PL_na>
1115 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
1117 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>, Support for C++ exceptions
1119 =item Binary Incompatibilities
1123 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
1127 =item New Configure flags
1129 =item -Dusethreads and -Duse64bits now more daring
1135 =item -Duselargefiles
1137 =item installusrbinperl
1143 =item New Installation Scheme
1151 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
1153 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
1155 =item Lvalue subroutines
1157 =item "our" declarations
1159 =item Weak references
1161 =item Binary numbers supported
1163 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
1165 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
1167 =item Filehandles can be autovivified
1169 =item 64-bit support
1171 =item Large file support
1175 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
1177 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
1179 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
1181 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
1183 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
1185 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
1187 =item Comments in pack() templates
1189 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
1191 =item C<use attrs> implicit in subroutine attributes
1193 =item Regular expression improvements
1195 =item Overloading improvements
1197 =item open() with more than two arguments
1199 =item Support for interpolating named characters
1201 =item Experimental support for user-hooks in @INC
1203 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
1205 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
1207 =item Optional Y2K warnings
1211 =item Significant bug fixes
1215 =item E<lt>HANDLEE<gt> on empty files
1217 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
1219 =item All compilation errors are true errors
1221 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
1223 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
1225 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
1227 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
1229 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
1231 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
1233 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
1235 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
1237 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
1239 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
1241 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
1243 =item Failures in DESTROY()
1245 =item Locale bugs fixed
1249 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
1251 =item Consistent numeric conversions
1253 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
1255 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
1257 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
1259 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
1261 =item Other fixes for better diagnostics
1265 =item Performance enhancements
1269 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
1271 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
1273 =item Method lookups optimized
1275 =item Faster mechanism to invoke XSUBs
1277 =item Perl_malloc() improvements
1279 =item Faster subroutine calls
1283 =item Platform specific changes
1287 =item Additional supported platforms
1301 =item Modules and Pragmata
1307 attributes, B, ByteLoader, B, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB,
1308 DB_File, Devel::DProf, Dumpvalue, Benchmark, Devel::Peek,
1309 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Spec,
1310 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex,
1311 Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Time::Local,
1318 =item Utility Changes
1330 =item Documentation Changes
1332 perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perlcompile.pod
1334 =item New Diagnostics
1336 "my sub" not yet implemented, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot
1337 take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A*
1338 or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat
1339 count in unpack overflows, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through,
1340 /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check
1341 prototype, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s,
1342 (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad
1343 evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Binary number >
1344 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32
1345 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem
1346 of script "%s", Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL
1347 environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue
1348 subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown,
1349 Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is
1350 not %s reference, constant(%s): %%^H is not localized, constant(%s): %s,
1351 defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not
1352 produce a valid header, Document contains no data, entering effective %s
1353 failed, Filehandle %s opened only for output, Hexadecimal number >
1354 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed
1355 message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary
1356 digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s
1357 number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, Invalid
1358 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
1359 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
1360 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
1361 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
1362 no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number >
1363 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read,
1364 panic: magic_killbackrefs, Possible Y2K bug: %s, Premature end of script
1365 headers, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak,
1366 setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression,
1367 switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL
1368 eviron elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s),
1369 Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to
1370 prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated
1371 attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list,
1372 Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated
1373 subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version
1374 number must be a constant number
1376 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
1378 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
1379 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to
1380 mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
1388 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1394 =item Variable names
1400 =item Scalar value constructors
1402 =item List value constructors
1406 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1412 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1420 =item Simple statements
1422 =item Compound statements
1430 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1434 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1436 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1440 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1448 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1450 =item The Arrow Operator
1452 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1454 =item Exponentiation
1456 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1458 =item Binding Operators
1460 =item Multiplicative Operators
1462 =item Additive Operators
1464 =item Shift Operators
1466 =item Named Unary Operators
1468 =item Relational Operators
1470 =item Equality Operators
1474 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1476 =item C-style Logical And
1478 =item C-style Logical Or
1480 =item Range Operators
1482 =item Conditional Operator
1484 =item Assignment Operators
1486 =item Comma Operator
1488 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1494 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
1496 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1498 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1500 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1502 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1504 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1505 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1506 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC,
1507 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC
1509 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
1511 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
1512 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
1513 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<<file*globE<gt>>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
1514 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
1519 =item Constant Folding
1521 =item Bitwise String Operators
1523 =item Integer Arithmetic
1525 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1527 =item Bigger Numbers
1531 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1539 =item Regular Expressions
1541 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit,
1543 =item Extended Patterns
1545 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1546 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?E<lt>=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1547 code })>, C<(?p{ code })>, C<(?E<gt>pattern)>,
1548 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1552 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1554 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1556 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1558 =item Creating custom RE engines
1566 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1574 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1576 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
1578 =item Location of Perl
1580 =item Command Switches
1582 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<letters>,
1583 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1584 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1585 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1586 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1587 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
1594 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
1595 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1597 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1603 =item Perl Functions by Category
1605 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1606 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1607 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1608 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1609 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1610 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1611 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1612 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1613 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1614 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1619 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1621 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1622 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1623 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1624 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1625 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1626 close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue
1627 BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
1628 HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK,
1629 do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE,
1630 eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists
1631 EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno
1632 FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline
1633 PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp
1634 PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME,
1635 gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
1636 getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
1637 getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport
1638 PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent,
1639 getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
1640 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
1641 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt
1642 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR,
1643 goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index
1644 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1645 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last
1646 LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link
1647 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock,
1648 log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST,
1649 map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1650 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
1651 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
1652 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1653 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package,
1654 package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR,
1655 pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT,
1656 LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
1657 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
1658 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
1659 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
1660 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
1661 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR,
1662 reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
1663 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
1664 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
1665 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
1666 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1667 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1668 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1669 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1670 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1671 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1672 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1673 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1674 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1675 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1676 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1677 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr
1678 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall
1679 LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
1680 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
1681 sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE,
1682 system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
1683 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell
1684 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
1685 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
1686 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
1687 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
1688 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST,
1689 use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1690 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1694 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1700 =item Predefined Names
1702 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digits>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1703 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number
1704 HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE
1705 EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR,
1706 $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1707 $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1708 $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
1709 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
1710 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
1711 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
1712 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @-, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
1713 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1714 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1715 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1716 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1717 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1718 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1719 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1720 $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT,
1721 $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20,
1722 $^R, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, ${^Warnings}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME,
1723 $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1725 =item Error Indicators
1727 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1733 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1741 =item Private Variables via my()
1743 =item Persistent Private Variables
1745 =item Temporary Values via local()
1747 =item Lvalue subroutines
1749 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1751 =item When to Still Use local()
1753 1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2.
1754 You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3.
1755 You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash
1757 =item Pass by Reference
1761 =item Constant Functions
1763 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
1767 =item Subroutine Attributes
1773 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
1783 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1793 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
1797 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1801 =item Pragmatic Modules
1803 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, constant, diagnostics, fields,
1804 filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, strict,
1805 subs, utf8, vars, warnings, vmsish
1807 =item Standard Modules
1809 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
1810 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
1811 B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, CGI, CGI::Apache,
1812 CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CPAN,
1813 CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File,
1814 Data::Dumper, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue,
1815 DynaLoader, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, ExtUtils::Command,
1816 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
1817 ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
1818 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Miniperl,
1819 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
1820 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::Compare, File::Copy,
1821 File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions,
1822 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
1823 File::Spec::Win32, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
1824 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File,
1825 IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket,
1826 IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Msg, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
1827 IPC::Semaphore, IPC::SysV, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex,
1828 Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent,
1829 Net::servent, O, Opcode, POSIX, Pod::Html, Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Safe,
1830 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol,
1831 Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine,
1832 Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex,
1833 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
1834 unexpand(1), Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore,
1835 Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
1836 Tie::StdHash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar, Tie::SubstrHash,
1837 Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL,
1838 User::grent, User::pwent
1840 =item Extension Modules
1846 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1847 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1848 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1849 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1850 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1851 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1852 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1853 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1854 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1855 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1856 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1857 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1858 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
1861 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1865 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1867 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1868 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1869 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1870 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1871 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1872 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1873 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1874 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1875 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1876 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1877 care when changing a released module
1879 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1881 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
1882 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
1883 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
1884 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
1886 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1888 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
1889 applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the
1890 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
1891 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
1892 can then be reduced to a small
1898 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
1906 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
1907 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
1917 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1923 =item Format Variables
1933 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1939 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1944 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1950 =item The use locale pragma
1952 =item The setlocale function
1954 =item Finding locales
1956 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1958 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1960 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1962 =item Permanently fixing your locale configuration
1964 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1966 =item The localeconv function
1970 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1974 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1976 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1978 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1980 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1984 =item Other categories
1990 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
1991 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>),
1992 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
1993 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
1994 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
1995 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
1996 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
1997 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
1998 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
2003 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2004 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2010 =item Backward compatibility
2012 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2014 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2016 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2018 =item Freely available locale definitions
2022 =item An imperfect standard
2030 =item Broken systems
2038 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
2046 =item Making References
2048 =item Using References
2050 =item Symbolic references
2052 =item Not-so-symbolic references
2054 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
2056 =item Function Templates
2064 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
2068 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
2076 =item Making References
2078 =item Using References
2096 =item Distribution Conditions
2100 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
2104 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
2105 more elaborate constructs
2109 =item COMMON MISTAKES
2111 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
2113 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
2119 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
2123 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
2125 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
2127 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
2131 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
2135 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
2137 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
2139 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
2143 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
2147 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
2149 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
2151 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
2155 =item HASHES OF HASHES
2159 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
2161 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
2163 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
2167 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
2171 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
2173 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
2175 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
2185 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
2189 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
2191 =item Growing Your Own
2193 =item Access and Printing
2201 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
2205 =item Creating a Class
2209 =item Object Representation
2211 =item Class Interface
2213 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
2215 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
2219 =item Other Object Methods
2227 =item Accessing Class Data
2229 =item Debugging Methods
2231 =item Class Destructors
2233 =item Documenting the Interface
2243 =item Overridden Methods
2245 =item Multiple Inheritance
2247 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
2251 =item Alternate Object Representations
2255 =item Arrays as Objects
2257 =item Closures as Objects
2261 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
2265 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
2267 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
2271 =item Metaclassical Tools
2277 =item Data Members as Variables
2281 =item Object Terminology
2287 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2293 =item Acknowledgments
2297 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
2301 =item Class Data as Package Variables
2305 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
2307 =item Inheritance Concerns
2309 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
2311 =item Indirect References to Class Data
2313 =item Monadic Classes
2315 =item Translucent Attributes
2319 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
2323 =item Privacy and Responsibility
2325 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
2327 =item More Inheritance Concerns
2329 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
2331 =item Translucency Revisited
2339 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2341 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2345 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
2351 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
2353 =item A Class is Simply a Package
2355 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
2357 =item Method Invocation
2361 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
2363 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
2369 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
2375 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
2385 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
2389 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
2394 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
2395 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
2396 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
2398 =item Tying FileHandles
2400 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
2401 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this
2403 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
2413 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
2417 =item OO SCALING TIPS
2419 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
2421 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
2423 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
2425 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
2427 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
2429 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
2431 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
2433 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
2435 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
2439 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
2440 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
2454 =item Using open() for IPC
2460 =item Background Processes
2462 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
2464 =item Safe Pipe Opens
2466 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
2468 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
2472 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
2476 =item Internet Line Terminators
2478 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
2480 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
2484 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
2488 =item A Simple Client
2490 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
2492 =item A Webget Client
2494 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
2498 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
2500 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
2502 =item UDP: Message Passing
2514 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
2520 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
2521 B<filter_fetch_value>
2527 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
2529 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
2537 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2541 =item The Perl Debugger
2545 =item Debugger Commands
2547 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
2548 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
2549 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
2550 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
2551 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
2552 command, A, W [expr], W, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?]..,
2553 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
2554 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
2555 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
2556 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
2557 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
2558 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ],
2559 E<lt>E<lt> command, E<gt> command, E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{
2560 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R,
2561 |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, m package
2563 =item Debugger input/output
2565 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
2567 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2569 =item Debugger Customization
2571 =item Readline Support
2573 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2575 =item The Perl Profiler
2577 =item Debugger support in perl
2579 =item Debugger Internals
2581 =item Other resources
2587 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
2591 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
2593 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
2594 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
2597 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
2599 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
2601 =item B<-DL> details
2605 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistic
2609 =item Debugging regular expressions
2613 =item Compile-time output
2615 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
2616 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
2617 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
2620 =item Types of nodes
2622 =item Run-time output
2626 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2630 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2636 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2638 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2640 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2644 =item Protecting Your Programs
2650 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
2666 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
2668 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
2669 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
2670 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
2671 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
2673 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
2675 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
2676 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
2677 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
2681 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
2683 =item Numerical Traps
2685 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
2687 =item General data type traps
2689 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
2690 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
2692 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
2694 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
2696 =item Precedence Traps
2698 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
2701 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
2703 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
2704 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
2707 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
2709 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
2715 =item Interpolation Traps
2717 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
2718 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2724 =item Unclassified Traps
2726 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
2731 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2735 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2744 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2746 =item Files and Filesystems
2748 =item System Interaction
2750 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2752 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2754 =item Standard Modules
2758 =item Character sets and character encoding
2760 =item Internationalisation
2762 =item System Resources
2772 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2773 C<http://www.perl.org/cpan-testers/>
2781 =item DOS and Derivatives
2783 The djgpp environment for DOS, C<http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/>, The EMX
2784 environment for DOS, OS/2, etc.
2785 C<emx@iaehv.nl>,C<http://www.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emx+gcc/index.
2787 C<ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/dev/emx>, Build instructions for Win32,
2788 L<perlwin32>, The ActiveState Pages, C<http://www.activestate.com/>, The
2789 Cygwin environment for Win32;
2790 L<README.cygwin>,C<http://sourceware.cygnus.com/cygwin/>, The U/WIN
2791 environment for Win32,C<http://www.research.att.com/sw/tools/uwin/>
2795 The MacPerl Pages, C<http://www.macperl.com/>, The MacPerl mailing lists,
2796 C<http://www.macperl.org/>, MacPerl Module Porters,
2797 C<http://pudge.net/mmp/>
2801 L<README.vms>, L<perlvms.pod>, vmsperl list, C<majordomo@perl.org>, vmsperl
2802 on the web, C<http://www.sidhe.org/vmsperl/index.html>
2806 L<README.vos>, VOS mailing list, VOS Perl on the web at
2807 C<http://ftp.stratus.com/pub/vos/vos.html>
2809 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2811 L<README.os390>, L<README.posix-bc>, L<README.vmesa>, perl-mvs list, AS/400
2812 Perl information at C<http://as400.rochester.ibm.com/>as well as on CPAN in
2813 the F<ports/> directory
2819 Amiga, L<README.amiga>, Atari, L<README.mint> and Guido Flohr's web
2820 pageC<http://stud.uni-sb.de/~gufl0000/>, Be OS, L<README.beos>, HP 300
2821 MPE/iX, L<README.mpeix> and Mark Bixby's web
2822 pageC<http://www.cccd.edu/~markb/perlix.html>, Novell Netware, Plan 9,
2827 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2831 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2833 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown
2834 LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
2835 HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
2836 flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid,
2837 getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME,
2838 getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber
2839 NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent,
2840 getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent
2841 STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN,
2842 endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
2843 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl
2844 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat
2845 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
2846 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
2847 FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
2848 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2849 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
2850 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl
2851 ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite
2852 ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat
2853 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2854 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2855 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2856 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2862 v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May
2863 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December
2864 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August
2865 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998,
2868 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2872 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
2876 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
2882 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2884 =item Command Paragraph
2886 =item Ordinary Block of Text
2890 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2892 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
2900 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
2904 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2912 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
2913 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
2917 =item Compiling your C program
2919 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2921 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2923 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2925 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
2927 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2929 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2931 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2933 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2938 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
2946 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2952 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
2953 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
2954 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
2955 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
2956 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
2957 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
2958 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
2959 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
2960 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
2961 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
2965 =item Co-existence with stdio
2967 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
2968 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
2969 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
2970 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
2971 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
2972 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
2976 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2986 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
2988 =item The Argument Stack
2990 =item The RETVAL Variable
2992 =item The MODULE Keyword
2994 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
2996 =item The PREFIX Keyword
2998 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3000 =item The CODE: Keyword
3002 =item The INIT: Keyword
3004 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3006 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3008 =item Default Parameter Values
3010 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3012 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3014 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3016 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3018 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3020 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3022 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3024 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3026 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3028 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3030 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3032 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3034 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3036 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3038 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3040 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3042 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3044 =item The CASE: Keyword
3046 =item The & Unary Operator
3048 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3050 =item Using XS With C++
3052 =item Interface Strategy
3054 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3066 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3076 =item Version caveat
3078 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3090 =item What has gone on?
3092 =item Writing good test scripts
3096 =item What's new here?
3098 =item Input and Output Parameters
3100 =item The XSUBPP Program
3102 =item The TYPEMAP file
3104 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3108 =item What has happened here?
3110 =item More about XSUBPP
3112 =item The Argument Stack
3114 =item Extending your Extension
3116 =item Documenting your Extension
3118 =item Installing your Extension
3122 =item New Things in this Example
3124 =item EXAMPLE 6 (Coming Soon)
3126 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3128 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3130 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3132 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3146 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
3156 =item What is an "IV"?
3158 =item Working with SVs
3160 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3162 =item Working with AVs
3164 =item Working with HVs
3166 =item Hash API Extensions
3170 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3172 =item Creating New Variables
3174 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3176 =item Stashes and Globs
3178 =item Double-Typed SVs
3180 =item Magic Variables
3182 =item Assigning Magic
3184 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3188 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3190 =item Localizing changes
3192 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3193 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP
3194 *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char
3195 *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void
3196 *p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>,
3197 C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV
3198 *gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32
3199 maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>,
3200 C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3208 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3210 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3212 =item Memory Allocation
3216 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3220 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3230 =item Examining the tree
3232 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3234 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3236 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3238 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3242 =item The Perl Internal API
3246 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3248 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3250 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3256 av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, AvFILL, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
3257 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
3258 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, PL_dowarn, dSP,
3259 dXSARGS, dXSI32, do_binmode, ENTER, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr,
3260 FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME, GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR,
3261 gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, G_VOID, gv_stashpv,
3262 gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY,
3263 HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent,
3264 hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
3265 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME,
3266 hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER,
3267 isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear,
3268 mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, modglobal,
3269 Move, PL_na, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc,
3270 NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv,
3271 newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK,
3272 perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv, perl_call_sv,
3273 perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv, perl_free,
3274 perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
3275 perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
3276 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree,
3277 safemalloc, saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ,
3278 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless,
3279 sv_catpv, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg,
3280 sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec,
3281 sv_derived_from, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc,
3282 sv_insert, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa,
3283 sv_isobject, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy,
3284 sv_newmortal, SvNIOK, SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, PL_sv_no, SvNOK, SvNOK_off,
3285 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOK_off,
3286 SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, SvPVX,
3287 SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV,
3288 SvSETMAGIC, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3289 sv_setpv_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpvf,
3290 sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
3291 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
3292 SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SVt_IV, SVt_PV,
3293 SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype,
3294 PL_sv_undef, sv_unref, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
3295 sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, SvUV, SvUVX, PL_sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER,
3296 warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY,
3297 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
3298 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES,
3299 XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3303 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3307 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3309 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
3311 perl_call_sv, perl_call_pv, perl_call_method, perl_call_argv
3331 =item Determining the Context
3335 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3341 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3343 =item Passing Parameters
3345 =item Returning a Scalar
3347 =item Returning a list of values
3349 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3351 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3355 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3357 =item Using perl_call_sv
3359 =item Using perl_call_argv
3361 =item Using perl_call_method
3365 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3367 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3369 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3370 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3373 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3375 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3385 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3393 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3397 =item Using The Back Ends
3401 =item The Cross Referencing Back End (B::Xref)
3405 =item The Decompiling Back End
3407 =item The Lint Back End (B::Lint)
3409 =item The Simple C Back End
3411 =item The Bytecode Back End
3413 =item The Optimized C Back End
3415 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3416 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3417 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3421 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3425 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
3431 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
3443 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
3445 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
3449 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
3451 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
3453 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
3461 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
3467 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
3475 =item Built-in Attributes
3479 =item Available Subroutines
3483 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
3485 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
3487 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
3495 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
3503 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
3515 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
3525 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
3535 =head2 caller - inherit pragmatic attributes from the context of the caller
3543 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
3550 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
3554 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
3562 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
3570 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
3579 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
3581 =item The I<splain> Program
3593 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
3601 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
3605 $can_perhaps_read = -r "file"; # use the mode bits
3607 use filetest 'access'; # intuit harder
3608 $can_really_read = -r "file";
3610 $can_perhaps_read = -r "file"; # use the mode bits again
3616 =item subpragma access
3620 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
3627 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
3633 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
3641 =item Adding directories to @INC
3643 =item Deleting directories from @INC
3645 =item Restoring original @INC
3653 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
3660 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
3668 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
3676 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
3678 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
3680 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
3682 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
3684 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
3686 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
3688 =item Overloadable Operations
3690 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
3691 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
3692 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
3694 =item Inheritance and overloading
3696 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
3697 is inherited by derived classes
3701 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
3709 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
3711 =item Copy Constructor
3717 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
3719 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
3720 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
3721 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
3724 =item Losing overloading
3726 =item Run-time Overloading
3728 =item Public functions
3730 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
3732 =item Overloading constants
3734 integer, float, binary, q, qr
3736 =item IMPLEMENTATION
3738 =item Metaphor clash
3744 =item Two-face scalars
3746 =item Two-face references
3748 =item Symbolic calculator
3750 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
3760 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
3766 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
3776 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
3778 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
3782 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
3786 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
3792 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
3798 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
3800 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
3806 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to turn on UTF-8 and Unicode support
3814 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
3820 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
3826 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
3828 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
3836 =item DBM Comparisons
3844 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
3852 =item Subroutine Stubs
3854 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
3856 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
3858 =item Package Lexicals
3860 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
3868 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
3874 $keep, $check, $modtime
3878 =item Multiple packages
3884 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
3890 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
3894 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
3902 IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv
3916 =item B::PVMG METHODS
3920 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
3922 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
3924 =item B::PVLV METHODS
3926 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
3930 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
3934 NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT,
3939 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
3940 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
3944 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
3948 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILEGV, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
3953 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
3955 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
3959 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
3961 =item B::UNOP METHOD
3965 =item B::BINOP METHOD
3969 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
3973 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
3977 =item B::PMOP METHODS
3979 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
3981 =item B::SVOP METHOD
3985 =item B::GVOP METHOD
3989 =item B::PVOP METHOD
3993 =item B::LOOP METHODS
3995 redoop, nextop, lastop
3997 =item B::COP METHODS
3999 label, stash, filegv, cop_seq, arybase, line
4003 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
4005 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
4006 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
4007 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM),
4008 hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
4012 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
4021 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
4029 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
4037 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
4045 B<-ofilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
4046 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-fstrip-syntax-tree>,
4047 B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-m>
4055 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
4063 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
4064 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>
4072 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
4080 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
4081 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
4082 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
4094 =item Context of ".."
4098 =item Deprecated features
4104 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
4112 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
4120 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
4121 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>
4123 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
4141 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
4149 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
4155 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
4157 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
4158 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
4160 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
4168 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
4176 =item IMPLEMENTATION
4180 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
4188 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
4196 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
4204 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
4212 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
4218 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
4226 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
4238 =item Standard Exports
4240 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
4241 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
4242 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
4244 =item Optional Exports
4246 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
4247 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
4248 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
4260 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
4262 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
4272 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
4280 B<-ofilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
4281 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-fstrip-syntax-tree>,
4282 B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-m>
4290 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
4300 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
4302 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
4304 1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. Forexample,
4305 -value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values,
4306 3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values'
4308 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
4310 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
4312 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
4314 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
4316 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
4318 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
4320 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
4322 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
4324 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
4326 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
4328 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
4330 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
4332 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
4334 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
4336 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
4338 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
4339 B<:standard>, B<:all>
4343 -any, -compile, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug,
4346 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
4348 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
4349 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
4354 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
4358 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
4360 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
4362 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
4364 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
4366 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
4368 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
4370 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
4372 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
4375 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
4379 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
4383 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
4385 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
4387 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
4389 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
4391 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
4395 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
4399 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
4401 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
4403 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
4405 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
4409 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
4411 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
4413 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
4417 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
4419 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
4423 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
4427 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
4431 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
4435 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
4439 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
4441 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
4443 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
4447 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
4449 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
4451 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
4453 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
4459 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
4460 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
4462 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
4464 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
4465 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
4468 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
4474 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
4478 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
4480 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
4481 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
4482 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
4483 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
4484 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
4485 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
4487 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
4489 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
4490 parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
4495 multipart_init(-boundary=>$boundary);, multipart_start(), multipart_end()
4497 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
4499 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
4500 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
4502 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
4504 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
4508 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
4509 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
4510 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
4511 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
4512 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
4513 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
4514 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
4515 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
4516 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
4517 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
4518 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
4519 ...and many many more..
4521 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
4527 =head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
4541 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
4548 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
4550 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
4554 =item Changing the default message
4564 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
4570 =item USING CGI::Cookie
4572 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
4576 =item Creating New Cookies
4578 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
4580 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
4582 =item Manipulating Cookies
4584 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
4588 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
4594 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
4600 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
4602 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
4604 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
4606 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
4610 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
4616 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
4624 =item Tags that won't be formatted
4634 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
4640 =item USING CGI::Push
4642 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
4646 =item Heterogeneous Pages
4648 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
4652 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
4654 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
4660 =head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
4671 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
4679 =item Interactive Mode
4681 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
4682 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
4683 distribution, Signals
4691 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
4693 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
4695 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
4697 =item Methods in the four Classes
4705 =item Finding packages and VERSION
4709 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
4715 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
4716 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
4717 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
4722 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
4724 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
4732 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
4734 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
4736 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
4744 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
4750 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
4759 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
4767 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
4773 =head2 Carp::Heavy - Carp guts
4779 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
4787 =item The C<struct()> function
4789 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
4791 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
4792 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
4794 =item Initializing with C<new>
4800 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
4802 =item Author and Modification History
4804 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
4810 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
4822 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
4826 C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<apiversion>, C<ar>,
4827 C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk>
4831 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
4832 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
4836 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
4837 C<ccsymbols>, C<cf_by>, C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>,
4838 C<chown>, C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>,
4839 C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>,
4840 C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>,
4845 C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>, C<d_atolf>,
4846 C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bincompat5005>,
4847 C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>,
4848 C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>,
4849 C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>,
4850 C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>,
4851 C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>,
4852 C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>,
4853 C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endspent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>,
4854 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
4855 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_fork>,
4856 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>,
4857 C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getgrent>,
4858 C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>,
4859 C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmntent>,
4860 C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>,
4861 C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>,
4862 C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
4863 C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>,
4864 C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspent>, C<d_getspnam>,
4865 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
4866 C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64t>, C<d_iovec_s>, C<d_isascii>,
4867 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_llseek>,
4868 C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lstat>,
4869 C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>,
4870 C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>,
4871 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
4872 C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
4873 C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>,
4874 C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>,
4875 C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>,
4876 C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_phostname>,
4877 C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>,
4878 C<d_PRIEldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGldbl>,
4879 C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIX64>,
4880 C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>,
4881 C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>,
4882 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>,
4883 C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>,
4884 C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
4885 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
4886 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
4887 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>,
4888 C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>,
4889 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
4890 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
4891 C<d_setspent>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
4892 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
4893 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_socket>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs>,
4894 C<d_statfsflags>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
4895 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
4896 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>,
4897 C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>,
4898 C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
4899 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
4900 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>,
4901 C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>,
4902 C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>,
4903 C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>,
4904 C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
4905 C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
4906 C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
4910 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
4911 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
4915 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
4916 C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
4920 C<gccversion>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>,
4925 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<huge>
4929 C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>,
4930 C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_inttypes>,
4931 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
4932 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
4933 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
4934 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
4935 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sysaccess>,
4936 C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>,
4937 C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>,
4938 C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>,
4939 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
4940 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>,
4941 C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>,
4942 C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
4943 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
4944 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
4945 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
4946 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>
4950 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
4954 C<large>, C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldlibpthname>, C<less>,
4955 C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libswanted>,
4956 C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>,
4957 C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>,
4958 C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
4962 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
4963 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
4964 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
4968 C<Mcc>, C<medium>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<models>,
4969 C<modetype>, C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>,
4970 C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
4974 C<n>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>, C<netdb_name_type>,
4975 C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>, C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>
4979 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
4980 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>
4984 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl>,
4985 C<perladmin>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
4986 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
4987 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
4991 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>, C<rm>,
4996 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
4997 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
4998 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
4999 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<signal_t>,
5000 C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
5001 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<small>, C<so>,
5002 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>, C<split>,
5003 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFldbl>,
5004 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>,
5005 C<sPRIX64>, C<src>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
5006 C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
5007 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>,
5012 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
5013 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
5017 C<uidsign>, C<uidtype>, C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<use64bits>, C<usedl>,
5018 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
5019 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
5020 C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>,
5021 C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>
5025 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>,
5026 C<version>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
5030 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
5040 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
5046 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
5056 =item Global Variables
5058 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
5059 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
5064 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
5065 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
5067 =item Client Callback Methods
5069 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
5070 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
5071 CLIENT->output(LIST)
5079 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
5085 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
5089 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
5091 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
5093 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
5095 =item Default Parameters
5097 =item In Memory Databases
5105 =item A Simple Example
5113 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
5115 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
5117 =item The get_dup() Method
5119 =item The find_dup() Method
5121 =item The del_dup() Method
5123 =item Matching Partial Keys
5131 =item The 'bval' Option
5133 =item A Simple Example
5135 =item Extra RECNO Methods
5137 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
5138 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
5140 =item Another Example
5144 =item THE API INTERFACE
5146 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
5147 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
5148 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
5149 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
5153 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
5154 B<filter_fetch_value>
5160 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
5162 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
5166 =item HINTS AND TIPS
5170 =item Locking Databases
5172 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
5174 =item The untie() Gotcha
5178 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
5182 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
5184 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
5186 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
5188 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
5206 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
5207 printing and C<eval>
5217 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
5218 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dumpxs I<or>
5219 I<PACKAGE>->Dumpxs(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>),
5220 I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
5221 I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Reset
5225 Dumper(I<LIST>), DumperX(I<LIST>)
5227 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
5229 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5230 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5231 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5232 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5233 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5234 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5235 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5236 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5237 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5238 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5239 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5240 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
5258 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
5264 =item PROFILE FORMAT
5274 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
5284 =item A simple scalar string
5286 =item A simple scalar number
5288 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
5290 =item A reference to a simple scalar
5292 =item A reference to an array
5294 =item A reference to a hash
5296 =item Dumping a large array or hash
5298 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
5300 =item A reference to a subroutine
5312 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
5318 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
5324 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
5334 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
5335 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
5336 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
5341 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
5342 veryCompact, set, get
5346 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
5352 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
5353 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
5354 dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
5355 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
5360 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
5367 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
5375 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
5385 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
5395 =item Selecting What To Export
5397 =item Specialised Import Lists
5399 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
5401 =item Module Version Checking
5403 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
5405 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
5409 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
5415 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
5422 cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
5423 source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
5424 directory.., test_f file
5432 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
5442 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
5443 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
5451 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
5457 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
5467 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
5468 packlist(), version()
5474 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
5480 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
5486 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
5496 =item VMS implementation
5498 =item Win32 implementation
5504 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
5511 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
5513 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
5520 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
5530 =item Preloaded methods
5532 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
5534 =item SelfLoaded methods
5536 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
5537 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
5538 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
5539 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
5540 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
5542 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
5544 fixin, force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, htmlifypods (o), init_dirscan,
5545 init_main, init_others, install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext
5546 (o), lsdir, macro (o), makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o),
5547 maybe_command, maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext,
5548 parse_version, parse_abstract, pasthru (o), path, perl_script, perldepend
5549 (o), ppd, perm_rw (o), perm_rwx (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
5550 post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
5551 (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
5552 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
5553 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
5554 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_cpp (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
5560 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
5569 =item Methods always loaded
5571 wraplist, rootdir (override)
5573 =item SelfLoaded methods
5575 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
5576 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
5577 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
5578 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
5579 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
5580 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
5581 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
5582 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
5583 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
5584 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
5585 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
5586 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
5587 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
5588 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
5593 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
5600 catfile, constants (o), static_lib (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o),
5601 canonpath, perl_script, pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit
5602 (override), tools_other (o), xs_o (o), top_targets (o), htmlifypods (o),
5603 manifypods (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
5605 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
5613 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
5615 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
5623 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
5627 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
5629 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
5631 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
5633 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
5635 AUTHOR, ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
5636 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
5637 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
5638 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
5639 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
5640 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
5641 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
5642 INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_MAN1DIR,
5643 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, PERL_MALLOC_OK, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
5644 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB,
5645 NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL,
5646 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES,
5647 PM, PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX,
5648 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
5651 =item Additional lowercase attributes
5653 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
5656 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
5658 =item Hintsfile support
5660 =item Distribution Support
5662 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
5663 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
5664 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
5666 =item Disabling an extension
5678 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
5688 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
5692 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
5693 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
5699 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
5707 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
5713 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
5720 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
5726 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
5736 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
5742 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
5748 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
5756 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
5764 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
5766 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
5772 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
5776 C<basename>, C<dirname>
5778 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
5784 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
5794 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
5802 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
5804 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
5812 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
5818 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
5828 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
5836 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
5844 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
5854 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
5868 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
5876 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
5877 file_name_is_absolute, path
5881 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
5887 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
5895 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
5896 no_upwards, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath, splitdir,
5897 catpath, abs2rel, rel2abs
5901 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
5907 eliminate_macros, fixpath
5911 =item Methods always loaded
5913 catdir, catfile, curdir (override), devnull (override), rootdir (override),
5914 tmpdir (override), updir (override), path (override), file_name_is_absolute
5921 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
5927 devnull, tmpdir, catfile, canonpath, splitpath, splitdir, catpath, abs2rel,
5932 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
5942 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
5950 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
5956 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
5960 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
5966 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
5974 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
5986 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
5997 =item Linkage specification
5999 =item Aliases and abbreviations
6001 =item Non-option call-back routine
6003 =item Option starters
6005 =item Return values and Errors
6013 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
6015 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
6016 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
6017 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
6018 reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset)
6020 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
6022 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
6026 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
6028 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
6035 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
6042 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
6048 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
6054 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
6055 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
6063 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
6071 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
6075 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
6081 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
6089 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
6093 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
6094 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
6095 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
6096 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
6106 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
6114 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
6118 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
6126 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
6134 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
6135 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
6143 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
6153 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
6165 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
6166 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
6167 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
6175 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
6187 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
6188 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
6196 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
6210 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
6221 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
6233 hostpath(), peerpath()
6241 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
6248 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
6249 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
6257 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
6265 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
6269 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
6275 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
6284 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
6288 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
6289 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
6290 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
6291 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
6301 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
6309 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
6313 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
6321 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
6329 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
6330 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
6338 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
6349 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
6362 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
6363 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
6364 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
6372 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
6385 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
6386 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
6394 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
6395 AF_INET domain sockets
6409 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
6420 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
6421 AF_UNIX domain sockets
6433 hostpath(), peerpath()
6441 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
6449 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
6450 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
6459 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
6469 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
6478 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
6486 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
6487 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
6488 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
6497 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
6511 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
6519 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
6520 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
6529 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
6538 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
6539 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
6540 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
6549 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
6555 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
6562 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
6568 Canonical notation, Input, Output
6572 =item Autocreating constants
6578 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
6589 =item STRINGIFICATION
6593 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
6595 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
6601 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
6607 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
6613 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
6615 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
6619 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
6621 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
6625 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
6627 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
6629 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
6630 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
6634 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES
6642 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
6648 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
6658 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
6659 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
6667 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
6680 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
6693 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
6704 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
6717 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
6725 =item IMPLEMENTATION
6729 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
6735 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
6745 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
6747 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
6748 or optag, an operator set (opset)
6750 =item Opcode Functions
6752 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
6753 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
6754 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
6757 =item Manipulating Opsets
6761 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
6763 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
6764 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
6765 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
6772 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
6779 a new namespace, an operator mask
6785 =item RECENT CHANGES
6787 =item Methods in class Safe
6789 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
6790 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
6791 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
6792 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
6794 =item Some Safety Issues
6796 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
6802 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
6811 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
6823 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
6824 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
6825 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
6826 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
6827 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
6828 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
6829 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
6830 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
6831 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
6832 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
6833 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
6834 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
6835 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
6836 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
6837 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
6838 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
6839 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
6840 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
6841 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
6842 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
6843 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
6844 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
6845 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
6846 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
6847 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
6848 wcstombs, wctomb, write
6854 =item POSIX::SigAction
6860 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
6862 =item POSIX::Termios
6864 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
6865 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
6866 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
6867 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
6868 values, c_oflag field values
6872 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
6876 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
6880 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
6938 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
6942 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
6950 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
6958 help, htmldir, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods,
6959 netscape, nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, css,
6974 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
6985 B<Pod::InputSource>, B<Pod::Paragraph>, B<Pod::InteriorSequence>,
6988 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
6998 =item B<was_cutting()>
7002 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
7014 =item B<cmd_prefix()>
7016 =item B<cmd_separator()>
7018 =item B<parse_tree()>
7020 =item B<file_line()>
7024 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
7040 =item B<left_delimiter()>
7042 =item B<right_delimiter()>
7044 =item B<parse_tree()>
7046 =item B<file_line()>
7052 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
7076 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
7082 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, release,
7087 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not `%s', Invalid link %s, Unknown escape
7088 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, Unmatched =back
7098 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
7108 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
7110 =item PARSING OPTIONS
7112 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset)
7114 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
7118 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
7122 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
7124 =item B<textblock()>
7126 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
7128 =item B<interior_sequence()>
7130 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
7134 =item B<initialize()>
7136 =item B<begin_pod()>
7138 =item B<begin_input()>
7140 =item B<end_input()>
7144 =item B<preprocess_line()>
7146 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
7148 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
7150 =item B<parse_text()>
7152 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
7153 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
7154 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
7156 =item B<interpolate()>
7158 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
7160 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
7162 =item B<parse_from_file()>
7164 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
7170 =item B<parseopts()>
7172 =item B<output_file()>
7174 =item B<output_handle()>
7176 =item B<input_file()>
7178 =item B<input_handle()>
7180 =item B<input_streams()>
7182 =item B<top_stream()>
7184 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
7186 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
7188 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
7190 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
7196 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
7207 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
7209 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
7211 =item OBJECT METHODS
7213 =item B<curr_headings()>
7217 =item B<add_selection()>
7219 =item B<clear_selections()>
7221 =item B<match_section()>
7223 =item B<is_selected()>
7225 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
7227 =item B<podselect()>
7229 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
7231 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
7233 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
7237 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
7239 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
7247 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
7253 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
7257 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
7258 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
7268 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
7280 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
7281 text with format escapes
7291 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
7298 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
7307 =item Recommended Use
7315 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
7317 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
7323 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
7329 a new namespace, an operator mask
7335 =item RECENT CHANGES
7337 =item Methods in class Safe
7339 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
7340 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
7341 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
7342 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
7344 =item Some Safety Issues
7346 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
7352 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
7358 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
7364 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
7372 =item The __DATA__ token
7374 =item SelfLoader autoloading
7376 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
7378 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
7380 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
7382 =item Classes and inherited methods.
7386 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
7388 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
7396 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
7397 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
7403 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
7404 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
7405 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
7406 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
7407 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
7409 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
7415 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
7423 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
7424 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
7430 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
7431 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
7442 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
7450 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
7456 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
7464 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
7465 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
7471 =item Minimal set of supported functions
7473 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
7474 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
7476 =item Additional supported functions
7478 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
7484 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
7492 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
7502 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
7510 =item The test script output
7518 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
7519 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
7520 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
7531 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
7539 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
7548 0a simple word, 1multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim, 2use of
7549 quotes to include a space in a word, 3use of a backslash to include a space
7550 in a word, 4use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a
7551 double-quote, 5another simple word (note the lack of effect of the
7552 backslashed double-quote)
7556 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
7569 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
7580 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
7590 =head2 Thread - multithreading
7598 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
7599 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
7600 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
7604 join, eval, detach, equal, tid
7610 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
7616 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
7618 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
7622 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
7628 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
7630 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
7632 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
7640 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
7646 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
7652 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
7653 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, CLEAR this,
7654 DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST,
7655 SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
7661 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
7668 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
7669 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
7670 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
7671 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
7673 =item MORE INFORMATION
7675 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
7681 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
7682 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
7686 =item MORE INFORMATION
7688 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
7702 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
7709 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
7711 =item MORE INFORMATION
7713 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
7721 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
7727 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7731 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
7742 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
7753 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
7761 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
7767 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
7768 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
7770 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
7781 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
7792 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
7794 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
7795 don't all have manual pages yet:
7817 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles