4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
115 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
117 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
121 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
123 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
125 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
127 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
129 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
131 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
133 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
137 =item About the perlfaq documents
141 =item Where to get the perlfaq
143 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
145 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
152 =item Author and Copyright Information
156 =item Bundled Distributions
164 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
165 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
166 Initial Release: 11/March/97
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
188 =item Simple statements
190 =item Compound statements
198 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
202 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
204 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
210 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
224 =item Scalar value constructors
226 =item List value constructors
230 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
238 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
248 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
250 =item The Arrow Operator
252 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
256 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
258 =item Binding Operators
260 =item Multiplicative Operators
262 =item Additive Operators
264 =item Shift Operators
266 =item Named Unary Operators
268 =item Relational Operators
270 =item Equality Operators
274 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
276 =item C-style Logical And
278 =item C-style Logical Or
280 =item Range Operators
282 =item Conditional Operator
284 =item Assignment Operators
288 =item List Operators (Rightward)
294 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
296 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
298 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
300 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
302 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
304 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
305 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
306 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
307 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
309 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
311 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
312 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
313 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
314 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
319 =item Constant Folding
321 =item Bitwise String Operators
323 =item Integer Arithmetic
325 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
333 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
343 =item Private Variables via my()
345 =item Persistent Private Variables
347 =item Temporary Values via local()
349 =item Lvalue subroutines
351 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
353 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
355 =item When to Still Use local()
357 =item Pass by Reference
361 =item Constant Functions
363 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
367 =item Subroutine Attributes
375 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
383 =item Perl Functions by Category
385 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
386 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
387 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
388 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
389 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
390 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
391 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
392 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
393 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
394 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
399 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
401 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
402 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
403 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
404 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
405 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
406 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
407 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
408 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
409 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
410 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
411 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
412 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
413 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
414 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
415 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
416 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
417 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
418 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
419 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
420 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
421 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
422 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
423 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
424 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
425 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
426 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
427 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
428 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
429 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
430 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
431 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
432 next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module
433 LIST, no Module, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
434 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
435 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
436 EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
437 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
438 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
439 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
440 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
441 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
442 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
443 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
444 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
445 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
446 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
447 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
448 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
449 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
450 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
451 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
452 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
453 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
454 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
455 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
456 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
457 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
458 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
459 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
460 study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
461 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
462 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
463 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
464 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
465 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
466 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
467 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
468 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
469 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
470 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
471 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
472 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
473 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
474 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
480 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
486 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
494 =item Making References
496 =item Using References
514 =item Distribution Conditions
520 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
526 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
527 more elaborate constructs
531 =item COMMON MISTAKES
533 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
535 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
541 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
545 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
547 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
549 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
553 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
557 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
559 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
561 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
565 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
569 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
571 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
573 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
577 =item HASHES OF HASHES
581 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
583 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
585 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
589 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
593 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
595 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
597 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
609 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
619 =item Simple word matching
621 =item Using character classes
623 =item Matching this or that
625 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
627 =item Extracting matches
629 =item Matching repetitions
633 =item Search and replace
635 =item The split operator
643 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
647 =item Acknowledgments
653 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
661 =item Ordinary Paragraph
663 =item Verbatim Paragraph
665 =item Command Paragraph
667 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
668 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
669 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
670 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
672 =item Formatting Codes
674 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
675 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
676 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
677 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
678 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
679 (zero-effect) formatting code
683 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
685 =item Hints for Writing Pod
695 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
702 =item Pod Definitions
706 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
707 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
709 =item Pod Formatting Codes
711 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
712 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
713 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
714 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
715 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
716 contains non-breaking spaces
718 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
720 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
722 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
724 =item About =over...=back Regions
726 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
734 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
742 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
760 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
762 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
763 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
764 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
765 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
767 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
769 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
770 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
771 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
775 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
777 =item Numerical Traps
779 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
781 =item General data type traps
783 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
784 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
786 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
788 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
790 =item Precedence Traps
792 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
795 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
797 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
798 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
801 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
803 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
809 =item Interpolation Traps
811 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
812 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
818 =item Unclassified Traps
820 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
827 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
837 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
839 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
841 =item Location of Perl
843 =item Command Switches
845 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
846 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
847 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
848 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
849 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
850 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
851 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
857 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
858 :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
859 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
860 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
861 SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
865 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
873 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
881 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
883 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
885 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
889 =item Backward Compatibility
891 =item Category Hierarchy
895 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
907 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
915 =item Looking at data and -w and v
919 =item Stepping through code
921 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
923 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
941 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
947 =item The Perl Debugger
951 =item Debugger Commands
953 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
954 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
955 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
956 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
957 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
958 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
959 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
960 command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
961 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, @ file, H -number, q or
962 ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
964 =item Configurable Options
966 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
967 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
968 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
969 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
970 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
971 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
974 =item Debugger input/output
976 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
979 =item Debugging compile-time statements
981 =item Debugger Customization
983 =item Readline Support
985 =item Editor Support for Debugging
987 =item The Perl Profiler
991 =item Debugging regular expressions
993 =item Debugging memory usage
1001 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1009 =item Predefined Names
1011 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1012 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1013 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1014 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1015 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1016 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1017 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1018 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1019 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1020 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1021 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1022 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1023 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1024 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1025 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1026 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1027 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1028 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1029 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1030 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1031 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1032 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1033 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1034 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1035 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1036 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1037 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1038 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1039 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1040 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1042 =item Error Indicators
1044 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1052 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1060 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1062 =item Growing Your Own
1064 =item Access and Printing
1076 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1082 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1090 =item The Minus File
1092 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1098 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1102 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1106 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1110 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1112 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1114 =item Paths as Opens
1116 =item Single Argument Open
1118 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1122 =item Other I/O Issues
1126 =item Opening Non-File Files
1136 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1142 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1148 =item The Basic Principle
1152 =item Packing Numbers
1158 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1160 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1162 =item Floating point Numbers
1166 =item Exotic Templates
1178 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1182 =item Lengths and Widths
1186 =item String Lengths
1188 =item Dynamic Templates
1192 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1196 =item The Alignment Pit
1198 =item Alignment, Take 2
1200 =item Alignment, Take 3
1202 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1208 =item Funnies Section
1214 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1220 =item Part 1: The basics
1224 =item Simple word matching
1226 =item Using character classes
1228 =item Matching this or that
1230 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1232 =item Extracting matches
1234 =item Matching repetitions
1236 =item Building a regexp
1238 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1242 =item Part 2: Power tools
1246 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1248 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1250 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1252 =item Non-capturing groupings
1254 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1256 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1258 =item Conditional expressions
1260 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1262 =item Pragmas and debugging
1270 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1274 =item Acknowledgments
1280 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1290 =item Regular Expressions
1292 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1294 =item Extended Patterns
1296 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1297 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1298 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1299 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1303 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1305 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1307 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1309 =item Combining pieces together
1311 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1312 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1313 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1314 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1316 =item Creating custom RE engines
1326 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1336 =item Making References
1338 =item Using References
1340 =item Symbolic references
1342 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1344 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1346 =item Function Templates
1356 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1364 =item Format Variables
1374 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1382 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1390 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1392 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1394 =item Invoking a barnyard
1396 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1398 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1400 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1402 =item A few notes about @ISA
1404 =item Overriding the methods
1406 =item Starting the search from a different place
1408 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1410 =item Where we're at so far...
1412 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1414 =item Invoking an instance method
1416 =item Accessing the instance data
1418 =item How to build a horse
1420 =item Inheriting the constructor
1422 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1424 =item Adding parameters to a method
1426 =item More interesting instances
1428 =item A horse of a different color
1440 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1446 =item Creating a Class
1450 =item Object Representation
1452 =item Class Interface
1454 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1456 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1460 =item Other Object Methods
1468 =item Accessing Class Data
1470 =item Debugging Methods
1472 =item Class Destructors
1474 =item Documenting the Interface
1484 =item Overridden Methods
1486 =item Multiple Inheritance
1488 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1492 =item Alternate Object Representations
1496 =item Arrays as Objects
1498 =item Closures as Objects
1502 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1506 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1508 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1512 =item Metaclassical Tools
1518 =item Data Members as Variables
1526 =item Object Terminology
1532 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1538 =item Acknowledgments
1544 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1550 =item Class Data in a Can
1552 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1556 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1558 =item Inheritance Concerns
1560 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1562 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1564 =item Monadic Classes
1566 =item Translucent Attributes
1570 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1574 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1576 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1578 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1580 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1582 =item Translucency Revisited
1590 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1592 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1598 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1606 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1608 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1610 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1612 =item Method Invocation
1614 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1616 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1618 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1624 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1632 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1638 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1640 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1642 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1644 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1646 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1648 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1650 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1652 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1654 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1656 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1662 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1674 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1679 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1680 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1681 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1682 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1687 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1688 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1689 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1691 =item Tying FileHandles
1693 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1694 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1699 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1711 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1712 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1722 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
1730 =item Deferred Signals
1732 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals
1733 triggered by operating system state
1737 =item Using open() for IPC
1743 =item Background Processes
1745 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1747 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1749 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1751 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1755 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1759 =item Internet Line Terminators
1761 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1763 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1767 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1771 =item A Simple Client
1773 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1775 =item A Webget Client
1777 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1781 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1783 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1785 =item UDP: Message Passing
1799 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1809 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1811 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1812 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1813 files, directories and network sockets
1815 =item Resource limits
1817 =item Killing the parent process
1819 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1821 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1823 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1824 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1825 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1837 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1845 =item Storing numbers
1847 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1849 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1851 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1852 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1853 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1862 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1870 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1872 =item Threaded Program Models
1884 =item Native threads
1886 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1888 =item Threadsafe Modules
1894 =item Basic Thread Support
1896 =item A Note about the Examples
1898 =item Creating Threads
1900 =item Giving up control
1902 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1904 =item Ignoring A Thread
1908 =item Threads And Data
1912 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1914 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
1918 =item Synchronization and control
1922 =item Controlling access: lock()
1924 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1926 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1928 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1930 =item Basic semaphores
1932 =item Advanced Semaphores
1934 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
1938 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1942 =item What Thread Am I In?
1946 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1948 =item What Threads Are Running?
1952 =item A Complete Example
1954 =item Performance considerations
1956 =item Threadsafety of System Libraries
1964 =item Introductory Texts
1966 =item OS-Related References
1968 =item Other References
1972 =item Acknowledgements
1980 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1986 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1988 =item Threaded Program Models
2000 =item Native threads
2002 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2004 =item Threadsafe Modules
2010 =item Basic Thread Support
2012 =item Creating Threads
2014 =item Giving up control
2016 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2018 =item Errors In Threads
2020 =item Ignoring A Thread
2024 =item Threads And Data
2028 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2030 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2032 =item Controlling access: lock()
2034 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2036 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2040 =item Threads And Code
2044 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2046 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2048 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2050 =item Subroutine Locks
2054 =item Locking A Subroutine
2058 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2062 =item What Thread Am I In?
2066 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2068 =item What Threads Are Running?
2072 =item A Complete Example
2080 =item Introductory Texts
2082 =item OS-Related References
2084 =item Other References
2088 =item Acknowledgements
2096 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2102 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2111 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2113 =item Files and Filesystems
2115 =item System Interaction
2117 =item Command names versus file pathnames
2119 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2121 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2123 =item Standard Modules
2127 =item Character sets and character encoding
2129 =item Internationalisation
2131 =item System Resources
2141 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2142 http://testers.cpan.org/
2150 =item DOS and Derivatives
2158 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2166 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2170 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2172 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2173 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2174 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2175 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2176 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2177 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2178 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2179 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2180 getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
2181 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
2182 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
2183 EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
2184 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
2185 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
2186 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
2187 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
2188 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2189 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2190 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2191 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2192 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2193 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2194 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2195 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2196 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2202 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2203 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2204 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2205 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2206 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2207 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2209 =item Supported Platforms
2213 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2217 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2224 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2230 =item The use locale pragma
2232 =item The setlocale function
2234 =item Finding locales
2236 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2238 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2240 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2242 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2244 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2246 =item The localeconv function
2248 =item I18N::Langinfo
2252 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2256 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2258 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2260 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2262 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2266 =item Other categories
2274 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2275 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2281 =item Backward compatibility
2283 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2285 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2287 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2289 =item Freely available locale definitions
2293 =item An imperfect standard
2297 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2303 =item Broken systems
2313 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2323 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2325 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2327 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2329 =item Creating Unicode
2331 =item Handling Unicode
2333 =item Legacy Encodings
2337 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2341 =item Advanced Topics
2345 =item Questions With Answers
2347 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2349 =item Further Resources
2353 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2357 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2359 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2363 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2371 =item Important Caveats
2373 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2374 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2376 =item Byte and Character Semantics
2378 =item Effects of Character Semantics
2384 =item User-Defined Character Properties
2386 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
2388 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2390 =item Unicode Encodings
2392 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2394 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2398 =item Using Unicode in XS
2406 =item Interaction with Locales
2408 =item Interaction with Extensions
2418 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2424 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2432 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2436 =item 13 variant characters
2444 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2446 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2448 =item Unicode and UTF
2454 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2456 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2458 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2472 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2474 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2476 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2478 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2486 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2488 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2490 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2492 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2496 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2500 =item URL decoding and encoding
2502 =item uu encoding and decoding
2504 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2506 =item Caesarian ciphers
2510 =item Hashing order and checksums
2514 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2526 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2546 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2554 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2556 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2558 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2562 =item Protecting Your Programs
2572 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2584 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2590 =item Making your module threadsafe
2598 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2608 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2609 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2623 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2629 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2633 =item Pragmatic Modules
2635 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
2636 charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer,
2637 less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs,
2638 threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2640 =item Standard Modules
2642 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2643 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2644 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2645 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2646 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2647 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2648 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2649 Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2650 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
2651 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2652 ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
2653 ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2654 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2655 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2656 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2657 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2658 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2659 File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2660 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::NW5, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2661 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2662 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2663 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
2664 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2665 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2666 Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2667 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
2668 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
2669 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2670 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2671 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2672 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2673 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html,
2674 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils,
2675 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2676 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic,
2677 SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
2678 Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
2679 Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
2680 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
2681 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2682 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2683 Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2684 Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2685 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate,
2686 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2688 =item Extension Modules
2700 =item Central America
2712 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2716 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2718 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2720 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2728 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2734 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2738 =item Before you start
2746 =item Release considerations
2750 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2754 =item Has it been done before?
2756 =item Do one thing and do it well
2758 =item What's in a name?
2762 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2766 =item To OO or not to OO?
2768 =item Designing your API
2770 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2771 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2774 =item Strictness and warnings
2776 =item Backwards compatibility
2778 =item Error handling and messages
2782 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2788 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2792 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2796 =item Version numbering
2798 =item Pre-requisites
2808 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2812 =item Reinventing the wheel
2814 =item Trying to do too much
2816 =item Inappropriate documentation
2822 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2823 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2829 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2839 =item What should I make into a module?
2841 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2843 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2845 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2847 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2848 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2849 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2851 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2853 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2854 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2864 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
2865 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
2875 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2877 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2879 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2881 =item What is perl6?
2883 =item How stable is Perl?
2885 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2887 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2890 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2892 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2894 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2896 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2898 =item What is a JAPH?
2900 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2902 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2903 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2907 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2911 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $,
2912 $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
2920 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2922 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2924 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2926 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2929 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2930 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2932 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2933 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2935 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2937 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2939 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2941 =item Where should I post source code?
2945 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2947 =item Perl in Magazines
2949 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2951 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2953 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2955 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2957 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2959 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2963 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2967 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06
2976 =item How do I do (anything)?
2978 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2980 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2982 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2984 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2986 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2988 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2990 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2992 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2994 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
2995 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2996 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2998 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
3000 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
3002 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
3004 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
3006 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
3008 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
3010 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
3012 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
3013 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
3015 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
3017 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3019 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3021 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3023 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3025 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3027 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3029 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3031 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3033 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3035 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3037 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3039 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3040 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3042 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3044 =item What's MakeMaker?
3048 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3052 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3063 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3064 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3066 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3068 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3071 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3073 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
3074 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
3075 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
3076 from decimal to binary
3078 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3080 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3082 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3084 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3086 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3088 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3096 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
3098 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
3100 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3102 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3104 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3106 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3108 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3116 =item How do I validate input?
3118 =item How do I unescape a string?
3120 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3122 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3124 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3126 =item How do I reverse a string?
3128 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3130 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3132 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
3134 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3136 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3139 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3141 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3142 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3144 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3146 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3148 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3150 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3152 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3154 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3156 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3158 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3159 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3168 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3170 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3172 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3176 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3179 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3180 intersection of two arrays?
3182 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3184 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3186 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3188 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3190 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3192 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3194 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3196 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3198 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3200 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3202 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3206 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3210 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3212 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3215 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3217 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3219 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3221 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3223 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3225 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3227 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3229 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3231 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3233 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3235 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3238 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3239 array of hashes or arrays?
3241 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3249 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3251 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3253 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3255 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3257 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3259 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3261 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3265 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3269 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3278 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3280 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3281 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3283 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3285 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3287 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3289 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3290 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3292 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3294 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3296 =item How can I write() into a string?
3298 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3300 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3302 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3304 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3306 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3308 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3310 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3312 =item How can I lock a file?
3314 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3316 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3317 the file. How can I do this?
3319 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3320 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3322 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3324 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3326 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3328 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3330 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3332 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3334 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3336 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3338 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3340 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3342 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3344 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3345 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3347 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3349 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3350 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3352 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3354 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3358 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3362 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2002/06/01
3371 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3372 and unmaintainable code?
3374 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3376 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3378 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3381 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3383 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3386 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3388 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3390 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3392 =item What is C</o> really for?
3394 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3397 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3399 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3401 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3403 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3405 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3407 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3409 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3411 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3413 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3415 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3417 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3419 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3421 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3425 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3429 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
3430 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)
3438 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3440 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3443 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3446 =item How do I skip some return values?
3448 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3450 =item What's an extension?
3452 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3454 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3456 =item How do I create a module?
3458 =item How do I create a class?
3460 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3462 =item What's a closure?
3464 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3466 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3469 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3472 =item How do I create a static variable?
3474 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3475 Between local() and my()?
3477 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3480 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3482 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3484 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3486 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3488 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3490 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3492 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3494 =item How can I find out my current package?
3496 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3498 =item How do I clear a package?
3500 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3504 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3508 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16
3517 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3519 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3521 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3523 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3525 =item How do I print something out in color?
3527 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3529 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3531 =item How do I clear the screen?
3533 =item How do I get the screen size?
3535 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3537 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3539 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3541 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3543 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3545 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3547 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3549 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3551 =item How do I set the time and date?
3553 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3555 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3557 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3559 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3560 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3562 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3564 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3566 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3568 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3570 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3572 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3574 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3576 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3578 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3580 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3583 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3585 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3587 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3589 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3592 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3593 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3594 changes to be visible?
3598 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3601 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3603 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3605 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3607 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3609 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3611 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3613 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3615 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3617 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3619 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3621 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3623 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3626 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3628 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3632 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3636 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13
3645 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3647 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3650 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3652 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3654 =item How do I extract URLs?
3656 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3657 file on another machine?
3659 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3661 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3663 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3665 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3667 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3669 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3671 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3673 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3674 CGI script to do bad things?
3676 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3678 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3680 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3682 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3684 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3686 =item How do I send mail?
3688 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3690 =item How do I read mail?
3692 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3694 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3696 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3698 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3702 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3706 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3716 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3720 =item Using The Back Ends
3724 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3728 =item The Decompiling Back End
3730 =item The Lint Back End
3732 =item The Simple C Back End
3734 =item The Bytecode Back End
3736 =item The Optimized C Back End
3740 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3742 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3743 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3744 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3746 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3752 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3762 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3763 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3767 =item Compiling your C program
3769 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3771 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3773 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3775 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3777 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3779 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3781 =item Execution of END blocks
3783 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3785 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3790 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3800 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3806 =item Debugger Internals
3810 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3814 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3816 =item Debugging regular expressions
3820 =item Compile-time output
3822 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3823 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3824 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3827 =item Types of nodes
3829 =item Run-time output
3833 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3837 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3839 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3840 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3843 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3845 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3847 =item B<-DL> details
3851 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3859 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3871 =item Version caveat
3873 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3885 =item What has gone on?
3887 =item Writing good test scripts
3891 =item What's new here?
3893 =item Input and Output Parameters
3895 =item The XSUBPP Program
3897 =item The TYPEMAP file
3899 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3903 =item What has happened here?
3905 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3907 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3909 =item More about XSUB arguments
3911 =item The Argument Stack
3913 =item Extending your Extension
3915 =item Documenting your Extension
3917 =item Installing your Extension
3921 =item New Things in this Example
3925 =item New Things in this Example
3927 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3929 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3931 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
3933 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3949 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3961 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3963 =item The Argument Stack
3965 =item The RETVAL Variable
3967 =item The MODULE Keyword
3969 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3971 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3973 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3975 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3977 =item The CODE: Keyword
3979 =item The INIT: Keyword
3981 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3983 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3985 =item Default Parameter Values
3987 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3989 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3991 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3993 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3995 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
3997 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3999 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4001 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4003 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4005 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4007 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4009 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4011 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4013 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4015 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4017 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4019 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4021 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4023 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4025 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4027 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4029 =item The CASE: Keyword
4031 =item The & Unary Operator
4033 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4035 =item Using XS With C++
4037 =item Interface Strategy
4039 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4043 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4045 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4057 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4067 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4069 =item File Operations
4071 =item File Input and Output
4073 =item File Positioning
4075 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4077 =item Character Class Tests
4079 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4081 =item Miscellaneous functions
4089 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4101 =item What is an "IV"?
4103 =item Working with SVs
4107 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4109 =item Working with AVs
4111 =item Working with HVs
4113 =item Hash API Extensions
4117 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4119 =item Creating New Variables
4121 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4123 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4125 =item Stashes and Globs
4127 =item Double-Typed SVs
4129 =item Magic Variables
4131 =item Assigning Magic
4133 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4137 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4139 =item Localizing changes
4141 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4142 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4143 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4144 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4145 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4146 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4147 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4148 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4149 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4150 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4158 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4160 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4162 =item Memory Allocation
4166 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4170 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4180 =item Examining the tree
4182 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4184 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4186 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4188 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4190 =item Pluggable runops
4194 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4196 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4200 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4202 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4204 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4206 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4208 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4212 =item Internal Functions
4214 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4218 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4220 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4222 =item Source Documentation
4226 =item Unicode Support
4230 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4232 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4234 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4236 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4238 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4240 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4244 =item Custom Operators
4252 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4258 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4260 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4262 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4282 =item Determining the Context
4286 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4292 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4294 =item Passing Parameters
4296 =item Returning a Scalar
4298 =item Returning a list of values
4300 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4302 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4306 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4310 =item Using call_argv
4312 =item Using call_method
4316 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4318 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4320 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4321 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4324 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4326 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4338 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4348 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4349 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4350 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4351 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4355 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4357 =item Administration
4359 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4363 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4364 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4372 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4382 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4384 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4386 B<Decryption Filters>
4388 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4390 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4392 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4404 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4412 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4413 B<filter_fetch_value>
4419 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4421 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4431 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4437 =item "Gimme" Values
4439 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4441 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4443 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4444 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4445 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4447 =item Callback Functions
4449 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4450 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4452 =item Character classes
4454 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4456 =item Cloning an interpreter
4460 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4462 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4464 =item Embedding Functions
4466 load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4467 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4469 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4471 pack_cat, unpack_str
4473 =item Global Variables
4475 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4479 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4480 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4484 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4486 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4488 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4489 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4490 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4491 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4492 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4494 =item Magical Functions
4496 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4497 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4498 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4500 =item Memory Management
4502 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4503 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4505 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4507 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4508 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4510 =item Numeric functions
4512 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4515 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4517 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4519 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4521 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4522 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4523 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4524 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4525 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4529 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4531 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4533 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4534 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4535 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4536 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4537 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4538 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4539 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4540 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4541 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4542 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4543 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4544 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
4545 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
4546 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4547 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4548 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4549 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4550 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
4551 sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4552 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4553 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4554 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
4555 sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
4556 sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
4557 sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4558 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4559 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
4560 sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
4561 sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
4562 sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
4563 sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode,
4564 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags,
4565 sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4567 =item Unicode Support
4569 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4570 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4571 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4572 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4573 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4575 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4577 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4578 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4580 =item Warning and Dieing
4590 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4597 =item Global Variables
4599 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4610 =item Pad Data Structures
4614 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4618 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4620 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4628 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4638 =item History and Background
4640 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4642 =item Data Structures
4644 =item Functions and Attributes
4646 =item Per-instance Data
4648 =item Layers in action.
4650 =item Per-instance flag bits
4652 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4653 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4654 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4655 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4657 =item Methods in Detail
4659 name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS,
4660 PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, PERLIO_K_RAW, Pushed, Popped, Open, Getarg, Fileno, Dup,
4661 Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr,
4662 Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt
4666 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4668 =item Extension Layers
4670 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Via"
4678 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4686 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4687 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4688 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4689 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4690 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4691 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4692 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4693 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4694 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4695 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4696 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4700 =item Co-existence with stdio
4702 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4703 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4705 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4707 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4708 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4709 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4710 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4712 =item Other Functions
4714 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4715 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4721 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4727 =item To do during 5.6.x
4731 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4733 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4735 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4737 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4739 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4743 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4745 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
4747 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4749 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4751 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4753 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4755 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4757 =item Complete signal handling
4759 =item Out-of-source builds
4761 =item POSIX realtime support
4763 =item UNIX98 support
4767 =item Long double conversion
4771 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4773 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4775 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4777 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4779 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4781 =item Custom opcodes
4783 =item DLL Versioning
4785 =item Introduce @( and @)
4787 =item Floating point handling
4789 =item IV/UV preservation
4791 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4793 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4795 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4797 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4799 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4801 =item Document Win32 choices
4803 =item Check new modules
4805 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4809 =item To do at some point
4813 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4815 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4817 =item bitfields in pack
4819 =item Cross compilation
4821 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4823 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4825 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4827 =item -i rename file when changed
4829 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4831 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4833 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4835 =item my sub foo { }
4837 =item One-pass global destruction
4839 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4841 =item Cache recently used regexps
4843 =item Cross-compilation support
4845 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4847 =item debugger pragma
4849 =item use less pragma
4851 =item switch structures
4853 =item Cache eval tree
4857 =item Shrink opcode tables
4859 =item Optimize away @_
4861 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4865 =item Prototype method calls
4867 =item Return context prototype declarations
4871 =item Garbage collection
4875 =item Rewrite perldoc
4877 =item Install .3p manpages
4879 =item Unicode tutorial
4881 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4883 =item Retargetable installation
4885 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4887 =item Rename Win32 headers
4889 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4891 =item Update sprintf documentation
4893 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4895 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4897 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
4899 =item Should overload be inheritable?
4909 =item ref() in list context
4911 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4913 =item Compile to real threaded code
4915 =item Structured types
4917 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4919 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4923 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4927 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4929 =item Constant function cache
4931 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4939 =item Update guts documentation
4941 =item Add more tests
4943 =item Update auxiliary tools
4945 =item Create debugging macros
4947 =item truncate to the people
4949 =item Unicode in Filenames
4953 =item Recently done things
4957 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4959 =item Safe signal handling
4965 =item setitimer and getimiter
4967 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4969 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4971 =item Explicit switch statements
4979 =item perlcc to produce executable
4981 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4983 =item Secure temporary file module
4985 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4987 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4989 =item Mmap for input
4991 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4993 =item Add sockatmark support
4995 =item Mailing list archives
4999 =item Integrate MacPerl
5001 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5003 =item Regular expression tutorial
5005 =item Debugging Tutorial
5007 =item Integrate new modules
5009 =item Integrate profiler
5011 =item Y2K error detection
5013 =item Regular expression debugger
5017 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5019 =item Cache precompiled modules
5023 =item Deprecated Wishes
5027 =item Loop control on do{}
5029 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5035 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5037 =item Named prototypes
5039 =item Built-in globbing
5041 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5043 =item Cached hash values
5045 =item Add compression modules
5047 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5049 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5051 =item Make XS easier to use
5053 =item Make embedding easier to use
5057 =item my $Package::variable
5059 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5061 =item "class"-based lexicals
5065 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5067 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5069 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5071 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5077 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5083 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5084 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5085 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5086 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5087 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5088 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5089 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5093 =item Keeping in sync
5095 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5096 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5098 =item Why rsync the source tree
5100 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
5102 =item Why rsync the patches
5104 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5105 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5107 =item Perlbug remote interface
5109 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
5110 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
5112 =item Submitting patches
5114 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5115 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5117 =item Finding Your Way Around
5119 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5121 =item Elements of the interpreter
5123 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5125 =item Internal Variable Types
5131 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5133 =item Millions of Macros
5135 =item Poking at Perl
5137 =item Using a source-level debugger
5139 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5140 finish, 'enter', print
5142 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5146 =item Patching a core module
5148 =item Adding a new function to the core
5150 =item Writing a test
5152 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5153 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5155 =item Special Make Test Targets
5157 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
5158 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8
5162 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5166 =item Rational Software's Purify
5168 =item Purify on Unix
5170 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5174 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5176 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5178 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5182 =item Gprof Profiling
5184 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5186 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5188 =item Pixie Profiling
5190 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5193 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5197 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5205 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5213 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5225 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5227 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5231 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5235 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5241 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5243 =item Incompatible Changes
5247 =item Binary Incompatibility
5249 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5251 =item AIX Dynaloading
5253 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
5255 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5257 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5259 =item New Unicode Properties
5261 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5263 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5269 =item Core Enhancements
5273 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5275 =item Restricted Hashes
5279 =item Unicode Overhaul
5281 =item Understanding of Numbers
5283 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5285 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5289 =item Modules and Pragmata
5293 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5295 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5299 =item Utility Changes
5301 =item New Documentation
5303 =item Performance Enhancements
5305 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5309 =item Generic Improvements
5311 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5315 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5319 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5323 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5325 =item Changed Internals
5327 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
5331 =item Known Problems
5337 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5343 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
5345 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5347 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
5349 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO8859-15 Locales
5351 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t
5353 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5355 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5357 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5359 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5361 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5363 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5365 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5369 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5373 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
5375 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5377 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5379 =item Timing problems
5393 =item XML::Parser not working
5397 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5399 =item Self-tying Problems
5401 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5403 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5405 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5407 =item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental
5409 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5413 =item Reporting Bugs
5421 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5427 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5429 =item Incompatible Changes
5433 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5435 =item AIX Dynaloading
5437 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5439 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5445 =item Core Enhancements
5447 =item Modules and Pragmata
5451 =item New Modules and Distributions
5453 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5457 =item Utility Changes
5459 =item New Documentation
5461 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5465 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5467 =item Generic Improvements
5471 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5475 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5479 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5481 =item Source Code Enhancements
5485 =item MAGIC constants
5487 =item Better commented code
5489 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5497 =item Known Problems
5503 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5505 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5507 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5509 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5511 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5513 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5517 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5519 =item Failure of Thread tests
5529 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5531 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5533 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5535 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5537 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5539 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5543 =item Reporting Bugs
5551 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5557 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5559 =item Incompatible Changes
5561 =item Core Enhancements
5565 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5567 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5569 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5573 =item Modules and Pragmata
5579 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5583 =item Performance Enhancements
5585 =item Utility Changes
5587 =item New Documentation
5603 =item README.solaris
5607 =item Porting/repository.pod
5611 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5615 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5617 =item Generic Improvements
5619 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5620 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5621 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5625 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5629 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5633 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5635 =item Changed Internals
5639 =item Known Problems
5643 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5645 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5647 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5649 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5653 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5655 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5657 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5659 =item Failure of Thread tests
5661 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5663 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5665 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5667 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5671 =item Reporting Bugs
5679 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5685 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5687 =item Incompatible Changes
5689 =item Core Enhancements
5691 =item Modules and Pragmata
5697 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5701 =item Utility Changes
5703 =item New Documentation
5705 =item Performance Enhancements
5707 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5711 =item Generic Improvements
5715 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5719 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5723 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5725 =item Changed Internals
5727 =item Known Problems
5731 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5733 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5735 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5737 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5739 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5741 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5743 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5745 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5747 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5749 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5753 =item Reporting Bugs
5761 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5767 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5771 =item Security Issues
5773 =item Core bug fixes
5775 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5776 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5777 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5778 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5779 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5780 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5785 =item Configuration issues
5789 =item Bundled modules
5791 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5792 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5793 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5794 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5796 =item Platform-specific improvements
5798 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5802 =item Core Enhancements
5806 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5808 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5810 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5812 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5814 =item "our" declarations
5816 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5818 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5820 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5822 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5824 =item open() with more than two arguments
5826 =item 64-bit support
5828 =item Large file support
5834 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5836 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5838 =item File globbing implemented internally
5840 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5842 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5844 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5846 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5848 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5850 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5852 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5854 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5856 =item Comments in pack() templates
5858 =item Weak references
5860 =item Binary numbers supported
5862 =item Lvalue subroutines
5864 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5866 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5868 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5870 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5872 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5874 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5876 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5878 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5880 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5882 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5884 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5886 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5888 =item Improved diagnostics
5890 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5892 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5894 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5896 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5898 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5900 =item Improved security features
5902 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5904 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5906 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5908 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5910 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5912 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5914 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5918 =item Modules and Pragmata
5924 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5925 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5926 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5927 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5928 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5929 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5930 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5931 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5937 =item Utility Changes
5951 =item The Perl Debugger
5955 =item Improved Documentation
5957 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5958 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5959 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5960 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5962 =item Performance enhancements
5966 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5968 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5970 =item Faster subroutine calls
5972 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5976 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5980 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5982 =item New Configure flags
5984 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5990 =item -Duselargefiles
5992 =item installusrbinperl
5998 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6000 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6004 =item Platform specific changes
6008 =item Supported platforms
6012 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6020 =item Significant bug fixes
6024 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6026 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6028 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6030 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6032 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6034 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6036 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6038 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6040 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6042 =item Locale bugs fixed
6046 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6048 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6050 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6052 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6056 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6058 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6059 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6060 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6061 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6062 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6063 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6064 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6065 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6066 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6067 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6068 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6069 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6070 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6071 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6072 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6073 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6074 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6075 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6076 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6077 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6078 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6079 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6080 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6081 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6082 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6083 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6084 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6085 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6086 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6087 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6088 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6089 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6090 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6091 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6092 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6093 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6094 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6095 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6096 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6097 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6098 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6099 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6100 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6101 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6102 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6103 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6104 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6105 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6106 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6107 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6111 =item Incompatible Changes
6115 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6117 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6118 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6119 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6120 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6121 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6122 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6123 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6124 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6125 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6126 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6127 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6129 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6131 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6133 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6135 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6137 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6141 =item Known Problems
6145 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6147 =item Known test failures
6149 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6151 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6153 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6155 =item Experimental features
6157 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6158 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6159 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6163 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6165 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6166 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6167 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6168 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6170 =item Reporting Bugs
6178 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6184 =item Core Enhancements
6188 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6190 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6192 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6194 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6196 =item "our" declarations
6198 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6200 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6202 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6204 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6206 =item open() with more than two arguments
6208 =item 64-bit support
6210 =item Large file support
6216 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6218 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6220 =item File globbing implemented internally
6222 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6224 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6226 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6228 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6230 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6232 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6234 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6236 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6238 =item Comments in pack() templates
6240 =item Weak references
6242 =item Binary numbers supported
6244 =item Lvalue subroutines
6246 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6248 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6250 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6252 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6254 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6256 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6258 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6260 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6262 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6264 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6266 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6268 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6270 =item Improved diagnostics
6272 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6274 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6276 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6278 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6280 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6282 =item Improved security features
6284 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6286 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6288 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6290 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6292 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6294 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6296 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6300 =item Modules and Pragmata
6306 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6307 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6308 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6309 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6310 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6311 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6312 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6313 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6319 =item Utility Changes
6333 =item The Perl Debugger
6337 =item Improved Documentation
6339 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6340 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6341 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6342 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6344 =item Performance enhancements
6348 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6350 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6352 =item Faster subroutine calls
6354 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6358 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6362 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6364 =item New Configure flags
6366 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6372 =item -Duselargefiles
6374 =item installusrbinperl
6380 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6384 =item Platform specific changes
6388 =item Supported platforms
6392 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6400 =item Significant bug fixes
6404 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6406 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6408 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6410 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6412 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6414 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6416 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6418 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6420 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6422 =item Locale bugs fixed
6426 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6428 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6430 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6432 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6436 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6438 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6439 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6440 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6441 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6442 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6443 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6444 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6445 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6446 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6447 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6448 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6449 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6450 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6451 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6452 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6453 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6454 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6455 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6456 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6457 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6458 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6459 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6460 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6461 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6462 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6463 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6464 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6465 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6466 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6467 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6468 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6469 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6470 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6471 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6472 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6473 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6474 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6475 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6476 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6477 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6478 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6479 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6480 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6481 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6482 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6483 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6484 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6485 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6486 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6487 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6491 =item Incompatible Changes
6495 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6497 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6498 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6499 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6500 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6501 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6502 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6503 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6504 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6505 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6506 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6507 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6509 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6511 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6513 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6515 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6517 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6521 =item Known Problems
6525 =item Thread test failures
6527 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6529 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6531 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6533 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6536 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6538 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6540 =item Experimental features
6542 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6543 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6544 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6548 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6550 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6551 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6552 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6553 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6555 =item Reporting Bugs
6563 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6569 =item About the new versioning system
6571 =item Incompatible Changes
6575 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6577 =item Default installation structure has changed
6579 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6581 =item C Source Compatibility
6583 =item Binary Compatibility
6585 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6587 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6601 =item Regular Expressions
6603 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6604 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6605 improvements, Incompatible changes
6607 =item Improved malloc()
6609 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6611 =item Reliable signals
6613 =item Reliable stack pointers
6615 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6619 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6621 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6623 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6625 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6627 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6629 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6631 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6633 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6635 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6637 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6639 =item Better locale support
6641 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6643 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6645 =item Extended support for exception handling
6647 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6649 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6651 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6653 =item New C<lock> keyword
6655 =item New C<qr//> operator
6657 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6659 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6661 =item Tied handles support is better
6663 =item 4th argument to substr
6665 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6667 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6669 =item <> now reads in records
6673 =item Supported Platforms
6679 =item Changes in existing support
6683 =item Modules and Pragmata
6689 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6690 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6691 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6693 =item Changes in existing modules
6695 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6696 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6700 =item Utility Changes
6702 =item Documentation Changes
6704 =item New Diagnostics
6706 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6707 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6708 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6709 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6710 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6711 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6712 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6713 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6714 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6715 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6716 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6717 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6718 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6719 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6720 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6721 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6722 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6724 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6726 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6727 temporary file, regexp too big
6729 =item Configuration Changes
6739 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6745 =item Supported Environments
6751 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6753 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6755 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6757 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6759 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6761 =item More precise warnings
6763 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6765 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6767 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6769 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6771 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6773 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6775 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6777 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6779 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6781 =item Changes to tainting checks
6783 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6784 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6786 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6788 =item Embedding improvements
6790 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6792 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6794 =item New and changed syntax
6798 =item New and changed builtin constants
6802 =item New and changed builtin variables
6806 =item New and changed builtin functions
6808 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6809 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6810 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6811 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6812 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6814 =item New builtin methods
6816 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6818 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6820 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6821 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6823 =item Malloc enhancements
6825 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6827 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6831 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6847 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6848 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6854 =item Required Updates
6856 =item Installation directories
6858 =item Module information summary
6872 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6876 =item Utility Changes
6882 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6886 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6890 =item C Language API Changes
6892 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6895 =item Documentation Changes
6897 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6898 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6900 =item New Diagnostics
6902 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6903 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6904 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6905 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6906 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6907 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6908 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6909 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6910 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6911 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6912 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6913 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6914 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6915 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6916 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6917 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6918 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6919 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6920 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6921 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6922 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6923 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6924 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6925 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6926 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6936 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6944 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6948 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6950 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6952 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6954 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6960 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6970 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6980 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
6994 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
6996 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
6998 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7000 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7006 =item Accessing documentation
7010 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7012 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7014 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7016 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7020 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7024 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7026 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7028 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7030 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7032 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7042 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7050 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7052 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7056 =item Contact Information
7058 =item Update 2002-05-30
7064 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7074 =item gzip on BS2000
7076 =item bison on BS2000
7078 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7080 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7082 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7084 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7086 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7088 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7090 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7124 =item Acknowledgements
7130 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7136 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7140 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7142 =item Cygwin Configuration
7144 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7148 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7152 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7154 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7156 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7157 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7159 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7161 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7162 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7165 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7167 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7171 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7175 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7181 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7185 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7187 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7189 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7193 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7195 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7197 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7198 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7200 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7208 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7220 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7224 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7226 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7228 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7230 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7240 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7250 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7254 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7256 =item Building Perl on DOS
7258 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7260 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7264 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7268 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7270 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7272 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7274 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7284 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7292 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7294 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7298 =item Editors on Epoc
7300 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7302 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7304 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7308 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7316 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
7324 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
7326 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
7328 =item Perl will no more be part of "base FreeBSD"
7336 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7345 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7347 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7359 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7361 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7363 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7365 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7367 =item The GNU C Compiler
7369 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7371 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7373 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7375 =item Oracle on HP-UX
7377 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7379 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7381 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7383 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7387 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7395 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7403 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7411 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
7419 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
7421 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
7423 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
7425 =item Linker Problems in Irix
7427 =item Malloc in Irix
7429 =item Building with threads
7437 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7446 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7448 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7450 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7452 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7462 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7476 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7482 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7488 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7496 =item Binary distribution from HP
7498 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7500 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7502 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7504 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7506 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7508 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7509 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7511 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7515 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7517 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7519 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7521 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7523 =item Perl/iX Change History
7539 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
7551 =item Acknowledgements
7559 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7579 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7581 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7583 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7587 =item Frequently asked questions
7591 =item "It does not work"
7593 =item I cannot run external programs
7595 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7598 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7601 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7603 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7611 =item Automatic binary installation
7613 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7615 =item Manual binary installation
7617 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7618 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7619 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7620 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7621 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7627 =item Accessing documentation
7631 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7639 =item GNU C<info> files
7651 =item The short story
7655 =item Getting perl source
7657 =item Application of the patches
7665 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7668 =item Installing the built perl
7670 =item C<a.out>-style build
7678 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7680 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7682 =item Problems with tr or sed
7684 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7686 =item Library ... not found
7688 =item Segfault in make
7690 =item op/sprintf test failure
7694 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7698 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7702 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7704 =item Additional modules:
7706 =item Prebuilt methods:
7708 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7709 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7710 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7711 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7712 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7713 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7714 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7715 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7716 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7717 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7718 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
7720 =item Prebuilt variables:
7722 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
7728 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7731 =item Identifying DLLs
7733 =item Centralized management of resources
7749 =item F<perl___.exe>
7751 =item Why strange names?
7753 =item Why dynamic linking?
7755 =item Why chimera build?
7763 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7765 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7767 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7769 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7771 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7773 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7783 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7785 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7787 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7790 =item DLL forwarder generation
7794 =item Calls to external programs
7796 =item Memory allocation
7800 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7816 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7829 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7831 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7833 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7835 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7837 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7839 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7841 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7843 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7845 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7847 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7857 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7865 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7873 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7875 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7877 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7879 =item QNX auxiliary files
7883 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7891 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7901 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7903 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7905 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7907 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7911 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7915 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7927 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7935 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7941 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7947 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7949 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7951 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7955 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7959 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7961 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7963 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7967 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7969 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7970 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7971 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7977 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7979 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7983 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
7985 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
7989 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
7993 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
7995 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
7999 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8001 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8003 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8013 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8014 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8022 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8024 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8026 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8028 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8030 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8032 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8036 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8038 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8040 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8046 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8054 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8056 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8062 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8072 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8074 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8076 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8078 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8080 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8090 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8096 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8104 =item Organization of Perl Images
8110 =item Perl Extensions
8112 =item Installing static extensions
8114 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8118 =item File specifications
8124 =item Wildcard expansion
8130 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8136 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8138 =item Command line switches
8144 =item Perl functions
8146 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8147 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8148 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8149 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8151 =item Perl variables
8153 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8155 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8169 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8177 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
8179 =item Stratus POSIX Support
8183 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8187 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
8189 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
8193 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8197 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
8199 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8201 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8207 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8215 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8225 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8227 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8228 SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC
8232 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8234 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8236 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8238 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8239 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8240 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
8242 =item Running Perl Scripts
8244 Miscellaneous Things
8248 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8252 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8253 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8254 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8262 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8264 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8276 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8286 =head2 threadshared::queue, threads::shared::queue - thread-safe queues
8294 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8296 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
8302 =head2 threadshared::semaphore, threads::shared::semaphore - thread-safe
8311 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8313 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
8317 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8318 data structures between threads
8330 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8331 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8343 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8352 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8353 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();, async
8358 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8362 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
8363 not threadsafe, will not be
8365 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8371 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8381 =item Built-in Attributes
8383 locked, method, lvalue
8385 =item Available Subroutines
8389 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8391 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8393 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8401 =item Default exports
8403 =item Available exports
8405 =item Export tags defined
8415 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8427 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8443 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8457 =head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
8469 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8473 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8493 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8505 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8509 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8529 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
8551 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8552 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8553 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8554 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8555 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
8565 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8579 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8592 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8601 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8603 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8605 =item charnames::vianame(name)
8609 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8615 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8627 =item List constants
8629 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8631 =item Magic constants
8635 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8645 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8656 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8658 =item The I<splain> Program
8672 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
8682 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
8683 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
8691 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
8695 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
8697 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
8699 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
8701 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8707 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8721 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8731 =item subpragma access
8737 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8751 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8762 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8772 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8782 =item Adding directories to @INC
8784 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8786 =item Restoring original @INC
8800 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8811 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
8819 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8821 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8827 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8839 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8849 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8851 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8853 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8855 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8857 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8859 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8861 =item Overloadable Operations
8863 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8864 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8865 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8867 =item Inheritance and overloading
8869 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8870 is inherited by derived classes
8874 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8882 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8884 =item Copy Constructor
8890 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8892 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8893 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8894 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8897 =item Losing overloading
8899 =item Run-time Overloading
8901 =item Public functions
8903 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8905 =item Overloading constants
8907 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8909 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8911 =item Metaphor clash
8917 =item Two-face scalars
8919 =item Two-face references
8921 =item Symbolic calculator
8923 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8931 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8932 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8938 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8948 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8960 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8962 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8966 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8970 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8978 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8990 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8998 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9002 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9012 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9021 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9022 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();, async
9027 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9031 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
9032 not threadsafe, will not be
9034 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9040 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9041 structures between threads
9053 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9054 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9066 =head2 threadshared::queue, threads::shared::queue - thread-safe queues
9074 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
9076 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
9082 =head2 threadshared::semaphore, threads::shared::semaphore - thread-safe
9091 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
9093 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
9097 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9108 =item Utility functions
9110 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
9111 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9120 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9130 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9138 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9142 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9150 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9151 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9152 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9153 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9154 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9158 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9168 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9170 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9180 =item DBM Comparisons
9190 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9200 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9204 =item Typed lexicals
9206 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9208 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9210 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9212 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9220 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9221 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9222 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9223 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9224 be able to apply END handler>
9234 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9244 =item Subroutine Stubs
9246 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9248 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9250 =item Package Lexicals
9252 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9254 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9264 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9272 $keep, $check, $modtime
9276 =item Multiple packages
9284 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9292 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9296 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9304 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9318 =item B::PVMG METHODS
9322 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
9324 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9326 =item B::PVLV METHODS
9328 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9332 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9336 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9337 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9341 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9342 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9346 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
9350 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
9355 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9357 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9361 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9363 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9367 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9371 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9375 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9379 =item B::PMOP METHODS
9381 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9382 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9384 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9388 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9392 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9396 =item B::LOOP METHODS
9398 redoop, nextop, lastop
9400 =item B::COP METHODS
9402 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
9406 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
9408 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
9409 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
9410 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
9411 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
9412 cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9418 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9427 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9433 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9445 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9465 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9475 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9476 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9477 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9487 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9497 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9498 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9499 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9510 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9520 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9521 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9522 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9534 =item Context of ".."
9538 =item Deprecated features
9546 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9558 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9559 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9560 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9562 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9564 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9565 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9566 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9567 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9568 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9569 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9570 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9571 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9577 =item OP flags abbreviations
9579 =item OP class abbreviations
9583 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9589 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9601 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9611 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9612 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9614 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9624 =item ambient_pragmas
9626 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9638 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9650 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9658 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9660 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9661 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9663 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9673 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9683 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9691 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9703 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9715 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9717 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9729 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9739 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
9747 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9767 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9781 =item Standard Exports
9783 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9784 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9785 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9787 =item Optional Exports
9789 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9790 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9791 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9807 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9811 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9825 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9835 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9836 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9837 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9847 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9859 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9861 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9863 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9865 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9867 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9869 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9871 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9873 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9875 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9877 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9879 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9881 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9883 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9885 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9887 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9889 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9891 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9893 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9894 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9898 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9899 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9902 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9904 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9905 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9910 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9914 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9916 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9918 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9920 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9922 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9924 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9926 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9928 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9929 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9931 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9935 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9939 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9941 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9943 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9945 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9947 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9949 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9950 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9952 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9956 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9960 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9962 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9964 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9966 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9970 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9972 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9974 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9978 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9980 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9984 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9988 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9992 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9996 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
10000 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
10002 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
10004 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
10008 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
10012 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
10018 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
10019 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
10021 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
10023 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
10024 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
10027 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10033 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10037 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10039 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10040 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
10041 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10042 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
10043 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10045 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10047 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
10052 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
10054 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
10056 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
10057 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
10059 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
10061 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10065 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
10066 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10067 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10068 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10069 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10070 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10071 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10072 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10073 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10074 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10075 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10076 ...and many many more..
10078 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10086 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10096 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10104 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10113 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10115 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10119 =item Changing the default message
10123 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10133 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10141 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10143 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10147 =item Creating New Cookies
10149 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10151 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10153 =item Manipulating Cookies
10155 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10159 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10167 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10175 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10177 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10179 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10181 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10183 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10185 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10189 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10197 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10207 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10209 =item Customizing the Indenting
10221 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10229 =item USING CGI::Push
10231 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10235 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10237 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10241 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10243 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10251 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10261 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10269 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10277 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10283 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10293 =item Interactive Mode
10295 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10296 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10297 distribution, ls author, Signals
10305 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10307 =item Programmer's interface
10309 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10311 =item Methods in the other Classes
10313 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10314 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10315 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10316 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10317 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10318 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10319 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10320 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10321 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10322 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10323 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10324 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10325 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10326 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10327 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10328 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10329 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10330 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10331 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10332 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10333 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10334 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10335 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10336 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10337 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10338 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10340 =item Cache Manager
10344 =item Prerequisites
10346 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10350 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10354 =item CONFIGURATION
10356 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10357 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10358 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10359 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10363 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10365 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10373 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10375 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10379 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10381 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10383 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10389 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10401 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10411 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10424 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10434 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10442 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10444 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10454 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10455 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10456 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10458 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10466 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10476 =item The C<struct()> function
10478 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10480 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10482 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10483 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10485 =item Initializing with C<new>
10491 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10493 =item Author and Modification History
10497 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10505 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10517 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10521 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10522 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10523 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10524 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10528 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10532 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10533 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10534 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10535 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10536 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10537 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10538 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10542 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10543 C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
10544 C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
10545 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
10546 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
10547 C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
10548 C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
10549 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
10550 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
10551 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
10552 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
10553 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
10554 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
10555 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
10556 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
10557 C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>,
10558 C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
10559 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
10560 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
10561 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>,
10562 C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
10563 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>,
10564 C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>,
10565 C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
10566 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>,
10567 C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
10568 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
10569 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>,
10570 C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>,
10571 C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>,
10572 C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
10573 C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>,
10574 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>,
10575 C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
10576 C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>,
10577 C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
10578 C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
10579 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
10580 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
10581 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
10582 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
10583 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
10584 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
10585 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
10586 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
10587 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
10588 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
10589 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
10590 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
10591 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
10592 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
10593 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
10594 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
10595 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
10596 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
10597 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
10598 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
10599 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
10600 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
10601 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
10602 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
10603 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
10604 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
10605 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
10606 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
10607 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
10608 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
10609 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
10610 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>,
10611 C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
10612 C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10613 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10614 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10615 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10616 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10617 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
10618 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
10619 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
10620 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
10621 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
10622 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
10623 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
10624 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
10625 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
10626 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
10627 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
10628 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
10629 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10630 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10631 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
10635 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
10636 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
10637 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
10638 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10642 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10643 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10648 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
10649 C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
10650 C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
10651 C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
10652 C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
10653 C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
10654 C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
10655 C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
10656 C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>,
10661 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10665 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10666 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
10667 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
10668 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10669 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10670 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10671 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10672 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10673 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10674 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10675 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10676 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10677 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10678 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10679 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10680 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10681 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10682 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10683 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10684 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10685 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10686 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10687 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10688 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10692 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10696 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10697 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10698 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10699 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10700 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
10701 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
10706 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10707 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10708 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10712 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10713 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10717 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10718 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10719 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
10720 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
10721 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10725 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10726 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10730 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10731 C<perl5>, C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10735 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10736 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10737 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10738 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10742 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10746 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
10747 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
10748 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10752 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10753 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
10754 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
10755 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
10756 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
10757 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
10758 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
10759 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10760 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10761 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10762 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10763 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10764 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
10765 C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
10766 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
10767 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
10768 C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10772 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10773 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
10778 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10779 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10780 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10781 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10782 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10783 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10784 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10785 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10786 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10790 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10791 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10792 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10793 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10797 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10813 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10823 =item getcwd and friends
10825 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10827 =item abs_path and friends
10829 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10841 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10853 =item Global Variables
10855 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10856 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10861 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10862 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10864 =item Client Callback Methods
10866 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10867 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10868 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10878 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10886 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10890 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10892 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10894 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10896 =item Default Parameters
10898 =item In Memory Databases
10906 =item A Simple Example
10914 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10916 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10918 =item The get_dup() Method
10920 =item The find_dup() Method
10922 =item The del_dup() Method
10924 =item Matching Partial Keys
10932 =item The 'bval' Option
10934 =item A Simple Example
10936 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10938 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10939 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10940 length, elements);>
10942 =item Another Example
10946 =item THE API INTERFACE
10948 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10949 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10950 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10951 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10955 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10956 B<filter_fetch_value>
10962 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10964 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10968 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10972 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10974 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10976 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10978 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10980 =item The untie() Gotcha
10984 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10988 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10990 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
10992 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
10994 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
11014 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
11015 printing and C<eval>
11027 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
11028 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
11029 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
11036 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
11038 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11039 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11040 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11041 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11042 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11043 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11044 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11045 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11046 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11047 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11048 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11049 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11050 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11051 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11052 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
11072 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11080 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11092 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
11114 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11124 =item Runtime debugging
11126 =item Memory footprint debugging
11134 =item A simple scalar string
11136 =item A simple scalar number
11138 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11140 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11142 =item A reference to an array
11144 =item A reference to a hash
11146 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11148 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11150 =item A reference to a subroutine
11164 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11174 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11182 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11186 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11187 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
11188 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11196 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11206 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11210 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
11211 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11223 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11235 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11247 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11248 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11249 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11254 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11255 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11261 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11269 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11270 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11271 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11272 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11279 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11292 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11300 =item Table of Contents
11312 =item PERL ENCODING API
11314 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11315 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11316 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11321 =item Listing available encodings
11323 =item Defining Aliases
11327 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11329 =item Handling Malformed Data
11331 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11332 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11333 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11334 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11339 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11343 =item Defining Encodings
11345 =item The UTF-8 flag
11347 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11351 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11353 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11363 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11371 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11376 =item Alias overloading
11384 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11398 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11400 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11416 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11418 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11420 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11434 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11444 =item Methods you should implement
11446 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11448 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11450 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11452 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11456 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11460 =item Compiled Encodings
11466 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11470 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11480 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11481 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11482 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11492 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
11502 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
11510 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11512 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
11514 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
11528 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
11530 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
11546 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
11552 =item How does it work?
11560 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11568 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
11576 =item Encoding Names
11580 =item Supported Encodings
11584 =item Built-in Encodings
11586 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11588 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11590 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11591 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11593 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11595 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11596 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11597 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11599 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11601 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11605 =item Unsupported encodings
11607 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11608 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11609 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11610 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11612 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11614 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11618 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11620 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11626 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11627 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11634 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11635 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11639 =item Other Notable Sites
11641 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11642 "Introduction to i18n"
11644 =item Offline sources
11646 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11652 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
11666 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
11682 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
11690 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
11692 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
11698 =item by endianness
11700 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
11704 =item Surrogate Pairs
11710 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
11719 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11724 =item Alias overloading
11732 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
11733 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11735 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
11738 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
11741 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
11742 Implementation Base Class
11752 =item Methods you should implement
11754 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11756 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11758 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11760 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11764 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11768 =item Compiled Encodings
11774 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11778 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
11789 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11790 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11791 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11801 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
11802 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11804 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
11807 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
11810 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
11811 and 'Q' header encoding
11827 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
11828 on Encode and PerlIO
11834 =item How does it work?
11842 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11850 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
11851 supported by Encode
11859 =item Encoding Names
11863 =item Supported Encodings
11867 =item Built-in Encodings
11869 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11871 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11873 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11874 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11876 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11878 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11879 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11880 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11882 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11884 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11888 =item Unsupported encodings
11890 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11891 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11892 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11893 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11895 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11897 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11901 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11903 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11909 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11910 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11917 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11918 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11922 =item Other Notable Sites
11924 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11925 "Introduction to i18n"
11927 =item Offline sources
11929 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11935 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11941 use Encode::Encoder;
11942 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11943 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11945 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11946 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11947 # you can stack them!
11948 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11949 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11950 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11952 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11954 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11962 =item Predefined Methods
11964 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11965 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11966 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11968 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11970 =item Operator Overloading
11978 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
11979 non-ascii or non-utf8
11989 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
11990 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
11998 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
12002 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
12004 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
12006 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
12008 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
12014 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12020 use Encode::Encoder;
12021 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
12022 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
12024 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
12025 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
12026 # you can stack them!
12027 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
12028 # you can use it as a decoder as well
12029 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
12031 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
12033 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
12041 =item Predefined Methods
12043 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12044 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12045 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12047 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12049 =item Operator Overloading
12057 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
12070 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12085 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12101 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12111 =item How to Export
12113 =item Selecting What To Export
12115 =item How to Import
12117 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12121 =item Advanced features
12125 =item Specialised Import Lists
12127 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12129 =item Module Version Checking
12131 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12133 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12135 =item Generating combined tags
12137 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12143 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12153 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12174 mv source... destination
12176 cp source... destination
12194 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12206 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12216 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12224 perl_stringify NAME
12228 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12230 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12234 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12242 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12245 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12247 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12249 WriteMakefileSnippet
12251 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12252 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12260 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12272 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12273 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12283 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12293 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12305 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12306 packlist(), version()
12314 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12322 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12323 dynamic extensions at load time
12329 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12339 =item VMS implementation
12341 =item Win32 implementation
12349 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12359 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12367 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12371 =item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED>
12385 file_name_is_absolute
12395 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12409 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12410 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12422 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12423 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12431 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
12435 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12445 =item Overridden methods
12447 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12461 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12462 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12504 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12505 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12521 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12522 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12536 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12546 =item Overridden methods
12548 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12562 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12576 =item SelfLoaded methods
12628 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
12676 maybe_command_in_dirs
12700 post_initialize (o)
12714 replace_manpage_separator
12728 test_via_harness (override)
12730 test_via_script (override)
12760 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12761 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12771 =item Methods always loaded
12783 guess_name (override)
12787 find_perl (override)
12789 maybe_command (override)
12791 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
12793 perl_script (override)
12795 replace_manpage_separator
12797 init_main (override)
12799 init_others (override)
12801 constants (override)
12805 const_cccmd (override)
12807 pm_to_blib (override)
12809 tool_autosplit (override)
12811 tool_sxubpp (override)
12813 xsubpp_version (override)
12815 tools_other (override)
12825 top_targets (override)
12829 dynamic_lib (override)
12831 dynamic_bs (override)
12833 static_lib (override)
12835 manifypods (override)
12837 processPL (override)
12839 installbin (override)
12841 subdir_x (override)
12845 realclean (override)
12847 dist_core (override)
12849 dist_test (override)
12853 perldepend (override)
12855 makefile (override)
12857 find_tests (override)
12861 makeaperl (override)
12863 nicetext (override)
12865 prefixify (override)
12867 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12868 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12890 tool_autosplit (override)
12906 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
12916 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
12926 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
12936 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
12938 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
12946 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
12950 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
12952 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
12954 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
12956 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
12958 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
12959 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
12960 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST,
12961 FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
12962 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
12963 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR,
12964 INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
12965 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
12966 INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A,
12967 LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
12968 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE,
12969 PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK,
12970 PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS,
12971 PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX,
12972 PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP,
12973 TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
12974 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
12976 =item Additional lowercase attributes
12978 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
12981 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
12983 =item Hintsfile support
12985 =item Distribution Support
12987 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
12988 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
12989 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
12991 =item Disabling an extension
12997 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
13005 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
13013 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
13017 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
13021 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
13022 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
13026 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
13034 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
13046 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
13056 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
13065 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
13073 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13085 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13093 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13103 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13115 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13125 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13129 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
13137 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
13141 C<basename>, C<dirname>
13145 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
13159 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
13173 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
13183 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
13185 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
13197 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
13207 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
13219 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
13227 B<find>, B<finddepth>
13233 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
13234 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
13235 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
13237 =item The wanted function
13239 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
13240 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
13241 pathname to the file
13249 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
13257 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
13265 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
13266 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
13267 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
13271 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
13279 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
13291 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
13301 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
13302 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
13303 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
13311 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
13321 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
13339 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
13357 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
13385 file_name_is_absolute
13407 =head2 File::Spec::NW5 - methods for NW5 file specs
13445 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
13455 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
13488 file_name_is_absolute
13510 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
13526 =item Methods always loaded
13528 canonpath (override)
13546 case_tolerant (override)
13550 file_name_is_absolute (override)
13552 splitpath (override)
13554 splitdir (override)
13568 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
13598 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
13622 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
13636 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
13646 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
13654 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
13662 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
13664 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
13676 =item Temporary files and NFS
13688 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
13702 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
13710 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
13718 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
13726 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
13732 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
13746 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
13748 =item All-in-one interface
13750 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
13752 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
13755 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
13757 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
13758 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
13759 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
13761 described in the previous section.
13763 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
13765 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
13777 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
13787 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
13791 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
13793 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
13801 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
13803 =item Example 2: Using the context
13805 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
13807 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
13811 =item Filter::Simple
13819 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
13827 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
13839 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
13855 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
13863 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
13865 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
13869 =item Simple options
13871 =item A little bit less simple options
13873 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
13875 =item Options with values
13877 =item Options with multiple values
13879 =item Options with hash values
13881 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
13883 =item Options with multiple names
13885 =item Case and abbreviations
13887 =item Summary of Option Specifications
13889 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
13894 =item Advanced Possibilities
13898 =item Object oriented interface
13900 =item Documentation and help texts
13902 =item Storing options in a hash
13906 =item The lonesome dash
13908 =item Argument callback
13912 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
13914 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
13915 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
13916 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
13917 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
13918 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
13920 =item Return values and Errors
13926 =item Default destinations
13928 =item Alternative option starters
13930 =item Configuration variables
13934 =item Trouble Shooting
13938 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
13940 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
13943 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
13945 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
13951 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13955 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
13966 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
13976 =item Restricted hashes
13978 lock_keys, unlock_keys
13984 lock_value, unlock_value
13986 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
13996 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
14007 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
14018 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
14020 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
14022 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14024 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14026 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
14028 the function super_languages($lang1)
14030 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
14032 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
14034 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
14036 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
14040 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
14042 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
14052 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
14060 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
14062 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
14064 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
14065 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
14066 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
14067 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
14068 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
14069 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
14070 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
14071 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
14072 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
14073 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
14074 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
14075 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
14076 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
14077 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
14078 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
14079 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
14080 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
14081 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
14082 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
14083 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
14084 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
14085 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
14086 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
14087 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
14088 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
14089 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
14090 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
14091 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
14092 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
14093 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
14094 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
14095 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
14096 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
14097 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
14098 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
14099 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
14100 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
14101 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
14102 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
14103 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
14104 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
14105 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
14106 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
14107 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
14108 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
14109 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
14110 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
14111 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
14112 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
14113 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
14114 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
14115 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
14116 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
14117 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14118 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
14119 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
14120 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
14121 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
14122 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
14123 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
14124 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
14125 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
14126 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
14127 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
14128 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
14129 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
14130 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
14131 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
14132 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
14133 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
14134 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
14135 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
14136 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
14137 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
14138 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
14139 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
14140 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
14141 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
14142 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
14143 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
14144 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
14145 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
14146 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
14147 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
14148 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
14149 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
14150 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
14151 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
14152 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
14153 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
14154 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
14155 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
14156 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
14157 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
14158 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
14159 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
14160 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
14161 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
14162 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
14163 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
14164 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
14165 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
14166 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
14167 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
14168 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
14169 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
14170 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
14171 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
14172 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
14173 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
14174 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
14175 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
14176 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
14177 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
14178 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
14179 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
14180 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
14181 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
14182 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
14186 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14192 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
14210 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14214 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
14224 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
14232 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14233 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14243 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14253 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14257 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14265 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
14275 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14279 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14280 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14281 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14282 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14294 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14304 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14308 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14318 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14328 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14329 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14339 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
14347 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14348 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14357 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
14367 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14371 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14372 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14373 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14383 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
14397 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14398 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14408 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
14424 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14437 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
14451 hostpath(), peerpath()
14461 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
14470 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14471 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14481 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14491 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14495 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14503 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
14514 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14518 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14519 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14520 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14521 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14533 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14543 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14547 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14557 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14567 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14568 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14578 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
14587 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14588 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14597 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
14608 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14612 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14613 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14614 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14624 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
14639 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14640 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14650 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
14651 AF_INET domain sockets
14667 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14680 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
14681 AF_UNIX domain sockets
14695 hostpath(), peerpath()
14705 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14715 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14716 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14727 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
14741 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
14754 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
14764 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14765 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14766 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14777 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
14795 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14805 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14806 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14817 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
14828 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14829 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14830 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14841 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
14849 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14850 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14854 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14860 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
14861 general-utility list subroutines
14869 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14870 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14874 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14880 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
14881 general-utility scalar subroutines
14889 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
14890 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14900 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
14908 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14912 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
14920 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
14928 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14930 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14932 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14933 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14935 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14937 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
14939 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
14945 =item rename_country
14953 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14957 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
14958 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
14959 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
14960 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
14968 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
14969 identification (ISO 4217)
14979 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14981 code2currency(), currency2code()
14983 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14985 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
14989 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14993 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
14994 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
15002 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
15011 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15013 code2language(), language2code()
15015 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15017 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
15021 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15025 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
15026 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
15034 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
15042 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15048 =item Construction Methods
15050 =item The "maketext" Method
15052 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
15054 =item Utility Methods
15056 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
15057 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
15058 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
15059 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
15061 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
15065 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
15067 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
15069 =item BRACKET NOTATION
15071 =item AUTO LEXICONS
15073 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
15075 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
15079 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15085 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
15093 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
15097 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
15099 =item The Linguistic View
15101 =item Breaking gettext
15103 =item Replacing gettext
15105 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
15107 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
15109 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
15111 =item Buzzword: Concision
15113 =item The Devil in the Details
15115 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
15123 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
15131 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15135 =item SPECIAL CODES
15139 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15141 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15142 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15144 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15146 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
15150 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15154 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
15155 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
15163 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
15171 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
15175 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
15183 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
15184 of quoted-printable strings
15192 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15198 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
15207 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15213 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
15223 =item Canonical notation
15227 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
15229 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
15233 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
15234 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
15242 =item Autocreating constants
15248 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
15256 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
15264 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
15272 Canonical notation, Input, Output
15294 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
15296 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
15298 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
15299 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
15301 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
15387 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
15397 =item Rounding mode R
15399 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
15400 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
15401 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
15414 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
15422 =item Autocreating constants
15428 =item Alternative math libraries
15434 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
15442 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
15448 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
15452 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
15453 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
15454 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
15464 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
15474 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
15478 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
15480 the same terms as Perl itself.
15488 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
15510 =item denominator()
15512 $d = $x->denominator();
15522 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
15536 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
15549 =item STRINGIFICATION
15553 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
15559 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
15561 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
15569 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
15577 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
15583 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
15585 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
15589 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15591 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
15595 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
15597 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15599 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
15600 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
15604 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
15610 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
15620 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
15638 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
15640 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
15644 =item OTHER FACILITIES
15650 =item C<flush_cache>
15656 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
15658 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
15666 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15672 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
15681 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
15692 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
15704 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15712 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15720 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
15729 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
15738 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
15746 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
15754 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15760 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15764 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15768 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
15778 =item Enforcing redispatch
15780 =item Avoiding repetitions
15786 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15792 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
15802 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
15805 =item CLASS METHODS
15807 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
15808 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
15809 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
15819 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
15829 requires_firewall HOST
15831 =item NetConfig VALUES
15833 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
15834 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
15835 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
15839 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
15848 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
15856 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
15868 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
15872 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
15873 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
15874 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
15875 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
15876 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
15877 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
15878 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
15879 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
15880 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
15881 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
15882 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
15883 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
15884 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
15888 =item Methods for the adventurous
15894 =item THE dataconn CLASS
15896 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
15897 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
15899 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
15901 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
15903 =item REPORTING BUGS
15911 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
15919 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
15929 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
15933 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
15934 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
15935 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
15936 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
15937 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
15938 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
15939 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
15943 =item Extension methods
15945 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
15946 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
15947 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
15948 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
15957 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
15967 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
15979 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
15983 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
15984 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
15985 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
15986 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
15998 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
16010 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 }
16011 );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);,
16012 $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
16026 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
16038 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
16042 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
16043 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
16044 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
16045 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
16046 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
16047 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
16060 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
16068 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
16069 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
16077 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
16094 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
16102 =item Where to get this document
16104 =item How to contribute to this document
16108 =item Author and Copyright Information
16116 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
16120 =item What is libnet ?
16122 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
16124 =item What other modules do I need ?
16126 =item What machines support libnet ?
16128 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
16132 =item Using Net::FTP
16136 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
16138 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
16140 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
16142 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
16145 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
16147 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
16149 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
16151 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
16153 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
16155 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
16158 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
16160 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
16163 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
16166 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
16170 =item Using Net::SMTP
16174 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
16177 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
16179 =item The verify method always returns true ?
16183 =item Debugging scripts
16187 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
16191 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
16195 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
16212 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
16227 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
16244 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
16252 =item THE .netrc FILE
16254 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
16259 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
16263 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
16273 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
16283 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16291 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
16299 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16305 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16309 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16313 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
16325 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
16327 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
16328 or optag, an operator set (opset)
16330 =item Opcode Functions
16332 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
16333 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
16334 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
16337 =item Manipulating Opsets
16339 =item TO DO (maybe)
16345 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
16347 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
16348 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
16349 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
16358 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
16367 a new namespace, an operator mask
16373 =item RECENT CHANGES
16375 =item Methods in class Safe
16377 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16378 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16379 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16380 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16382 =item Some Safety Issues
16384 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16392 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
16405 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
16419 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
16420 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
16421 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
16422 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
16423 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
16424 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
16425 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
16426 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
16427 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
16428 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
16429 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
16430 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
16431 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
16432 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
16433 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
16434 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
16435 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
16436 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
16437 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
16438 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
16439 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
16440 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
16441 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
16442 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
16443 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
16450 =item POSIX::SigAction
16454 =item POSIX::SigSet
16456 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
16458 =item POSIX::Termios
16460 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
16461 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
16462 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
16463 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
16464 values, c_oflag field values
16468 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
16472 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
16476 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
16530 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
16531 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
16535 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
16544 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw
16548 =item Defaults and how to override them
16558 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
16568 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
16576 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
16577 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
16578 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
16579 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
16580 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
16581 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
16582 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
16586 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
16592 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
16604 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
16610 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
16616 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
16628 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
16629 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
16630 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
16631 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
16632 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
16633 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
16634 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
16635 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
16640 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
16641 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
16642 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
16643 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
16644 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
16645 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
16649 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
16650 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
16662 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
16664 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
16667 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
16669 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
16671 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
16673 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
16675 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
16683 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
16695 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
16697 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
16704 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
16710 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
16712 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
16719 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
16731 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
16741 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
16742 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
16757 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
16770 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
16771 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
16777 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
16801 =item B<was_cutting()>
16807 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
16813 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
16819 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16825 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
16831 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16837 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
16843 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
16849 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16855 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16861 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
16867 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
16873 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16879 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16885 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
16891 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
16897 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16903 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
16909 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
16915 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16921 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16927 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
16933 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
16939 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
16945 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
16951 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
16957 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16963 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
16969 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16975 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
16987 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
16999 =item OBJECT METHODS
17007 =item Data Accessors
17023 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
17025 B<StartWithNewPage>
17039 =item Subclassed methods
17053 B<interior_sequence>
17069 =item Methods for headings
17077 =item Internal methods
17083 B<_replace_special_chars>
17085 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
17091 B<_clean_latex_commands>
17093 B<_split_delimited>
17109 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
17117 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
17122 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
17123 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
17124 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
17135 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17139 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
17149 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17153 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
17167 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
17175 $list-E<gt>indent()
17183 $list-E<gt>parent()
17189 =item Pod::Hyperlink
17191 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
17195 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
17197 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
17201 $link-E<gt>warning()
17203 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
17209 $link-E<gt>alttext()
17219 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
17225 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
17229 =item Pod::Cache::Item
17231 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
17235 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
17237 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
17239 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
17241 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
17243 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
17245 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
17247 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
17257 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
17269 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
17271 =item PARSING OPTIONS
17273 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
17274 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
17280 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17288 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17294 =item B<verbatim()>
17296 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17302 =item B<textblock()>
17304 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17310 =item B<interior_sequence()>
17316 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17328 =item B<initialize()>
17334 =item B<begin_pod()>
17340 =item B<begin_input()>
17346 =item B<end_input()>
17358 =item B<preprocess_line()>
17364 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
17370 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
17376 =item B<parse_text()>
17378 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
17379 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
17380 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
17386 =item B<interpolate()>
17392 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
17398 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
17404 =item B<parse_from_file()>
17410 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
17416 =item B<errorsub()>
17428 =item B<parseopts()>
17434 =item B<output_file()>
17440 =item B<output_handle()>
17446 =item B<input_file()>
17452 =item B<input_handle()>
17458 =item B<input_streams()>
17464 =item B<top_stream()>
17470 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17476 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
17482 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
17488 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
17496 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
17516 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
17529 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
17531 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
17537 =item OBJECT METHODS
17543 =item B<curr_headings()>
17555 =item B<add_selection()>
17561 =item B<clear_selections()>
17567 =item B<match_section()>
17573 =item B<is_selected()>
17579 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
17585 =item B<podselect()>
17587 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
17593 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17599 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
17605 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
17611 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
17623 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
17631 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
17635 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
17636 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
17637 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
17648 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17652 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
17666 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17670 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
17685 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17689 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
17690 text with format escapes
17704 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17708 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
17717 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
17726 =item Recommended Use
17734 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17738 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
17745 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17749 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
17753 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17757 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
17763 =item OVER AND ITEMS
17765 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
17768 =item FORMATTING CODES
17770 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
17778 =head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
17786 =head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
17794 =item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF
17800 foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2
17807 =item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
17809 =item TESTING URLs hyperlinking
17815 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
17823 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17829 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17833 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17837 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
17845 a new namespace, an operator mask
17851 =item RECENT CHANGES
17853 =item Methods in class Safe
17855 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17856 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17857 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17858 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17860 =item Some Safety Issues
17862 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17870 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
17878 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
17879 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
17889 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
17899 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
17909 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
17919 =item The __DATA__ token
17921 =item SelfLoader autoloading
17923 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
17925 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
17927 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
17929 =item Classes and inherited methods.
17933 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
17937 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
17947 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
17955 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
17956 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
17964 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
17965 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
17966 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
17967 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
17968 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
17972 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
17982 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
17986 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
17988 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
17990 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
17992 =item ERROR REPORTING
18000 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
18005 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
18006 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
18014 =item Storable magic
18024 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
18036 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
18050 =item Allowing fall-through
18052 =item Automating fall-through
18054 =item Alternative syntax
18056 =item Higher-order Operations
18072 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
18082 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
18094 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
18095 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18103 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18104 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18105 in 5.004_02), closelog
18115 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
18116 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18124 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18125 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18126 in 5.004_02), closelog
18136 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
18146 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
18147 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
18148 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
18152 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
18166 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
18182 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
18184 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18186 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18188 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
18196 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18204 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
18212 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
18222 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
18223 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
18231 =item Minimal set of supported functions
18233 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
18234 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
18236 =item Additional supported functions
18238 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
18248 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
18274 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
18278 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18288 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
18308 =item Setting up tests
18324 =item Running tests
18330 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
18332 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
18358 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
18370 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
18374 =item Test Status and Info
18382 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
18404 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
18414 =item The test script output
18416 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
18417 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
18422 =item Configuration variables.
18424 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
18428 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
18455 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
18456 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
18457 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
18458 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
18462 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
18463 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
18464 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
18478 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
18504 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
18514 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
18552 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
18568 B<_reset_file_state>
18588 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
18598 =item I love it when a plan comes together
18608 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
18648 =item Conditional tests
18654 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
18658 =item Comparison functions
18672 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
18682 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18684 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
18697 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
18721 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
18730 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
18738 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
18740 =item Where to start?
18744 =item Test the manual
18746 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
18748 =item Testing lots of values
18750 =item Informative names
18752 =item Skipping tests
18756 =item Testing with taint mode.
18768 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
18780 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
18790 =item General behaviour in list contexts
18794 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
18796 =item A note about prefixes
18798 =item C<extract_delimited>
18800 =item C<extract_bracketed>
18802 =item C<extract_tagged>
18804 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
18805 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
18807 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
18809 =item C<extract_quotelike>
18811 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
18813 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
18815 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
18817 =item C<extract_codeblock>
18819 =item C<extract_multiple>
18821 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
18827 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
18828 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
18829 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
18830 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
18831 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
18832 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
18833 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
18834 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
18835 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
18836 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
18837 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
18838 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
18843 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
18849 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
18864 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
18881 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
18896 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
18912 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
18924 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
18925 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
18926 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
18930 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
18938 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues (for old code only)
18948 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18950 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
18956 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores (for old code only)
18966 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18968 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
18972 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
18984 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
18994 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
19002 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
19003 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
19004 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
19005 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
19013 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
19033 =item Option Format
19037 =item Public Methods
19045 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
19049 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
19051 =item Deferred Writing
19055 =item Autodeferring
19063 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
19077 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
19086 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
19087 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
19088 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
19089 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
19091 =item MORE INFORMATION
19093 =item COMPATIBILITY
19097 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
19106 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
19107 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
19109 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
19111 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
19113 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
19115 =item MORE INFORMATION
19119 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
19127 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
19137 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
19155 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
19164 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
19166 =item MORE INFORMATION
19170 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
19182 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
19191 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
19192 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
19193 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
19194 getitimer ( $which )
19210 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
19218 =item IMPLEMENTATION
19224 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
19239 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
19254 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
19266 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
19274 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
19275 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
19279 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
19289 =item Constructor and Tailoring
19291 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
19292 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
19293 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
19295 =item Methods for Collation
19297 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
19298 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
19299 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
19300 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
19301 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
19302 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
19303 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
19304 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
19305 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
19307 =item Other Methods
19309 UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
19325 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/,
19326 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
19327 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19328 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L<Unicode::Normalize>
19332 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
19342 =item Normalization Forms
19344 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
19345 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
19346 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
19348 =item Decomposition and Composition
19350 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
19351 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
19352 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
19356 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
19357 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
19358 check($form_name, $string)>
19360 =item Character Data
19362 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
19363 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
19364 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
19365 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
19366 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
19367 C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
19368 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
19378 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19379 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
19383 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
19425 =item Blocks versus Scripts
19427 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
19429 =item Code Point Arguments
19455 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
19461 =item Implementation Note
19473 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
19488 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
19499 =item System Specifics
19513 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
19521 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
19523 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
19524 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
19525 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
19526 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
19527 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
19528 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
19529 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
19530 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
19531 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
19532 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
19533 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
19534 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
19535 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
19536 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
19537 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
19538 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
19539 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
19545 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
19563 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
19575 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
19577 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
19578 don't all have manual pages yet:
19604 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles