4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
115 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
117 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
121 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
123 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
125 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
127 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
129 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
131 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
133 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
137 =item About the perlfaq documents
141 =item Where to get the perlfaq
143 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
145 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
152 =item Author and Copyright Information
156 =item Bundled Distributions
164 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
165 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
166 Initial Release: 11/March/97
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
188 =item Simple statements
190 =item Compound statements
198 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
202 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
204 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
210 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
224 =item Scalar value constructors
226 =item List value constructors
230 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
238 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
248 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
250 =item The Arrow Operator
252 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
256 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
258 =item Binding Operators
260 =item Multiplicative Operators
262 =item Additive Operators
264 =item Shift Operators
266 =item Named Unary Operators
268 =item Relational Operators
270 =item Equality Operators
274 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
276 =item C-style Logical And
278 =item C-style Logical Or
280 =item Range Operators
282 =item Conditional Operator
284 =item Assignment Operators
288 =item List Operators (Rightward)
294 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
296 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
298 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
300 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
302 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
304 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
305 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
306 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
307 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
309 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
311 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
312 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
313 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
314 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
319 =item Constant Folding
321 =item Bitwise String Operators
323 =item Integer Arithmetic
325 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
333 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
343 =item Private Variables via my()
345 =item Persistent Private Variables
347 =item Temporary Values via local()
349 =item Lvalue subroutines
351 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
353 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
355 =item When to Still Use local()
357 =item Pass by Reference
361 =item Constant Functions
363 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
367 =item Subroutine Attributes
375 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
383 =item Perl Functions by Category
385 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
386 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
387 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
388 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
389 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
390 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
391 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
392 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
393 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
394 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
399 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
401 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
402 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
403 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
404 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
405 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
406 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
407 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
408 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
409 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
410 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
411 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
412 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
413 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
414 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
415 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
416 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
417 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
418 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
419 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
420 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
421 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
422 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
423 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
424 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
425 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
426 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
427 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
428 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
429 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
430 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
431 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
432 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
433 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
434 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
435 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
436 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
437 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
438 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
439 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
440 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
441 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
442 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
443 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
444 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
445 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
446 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
447 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
448 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
449 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
450 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
451 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
452 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
453 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
454 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
455 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
456 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
457 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
458 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
459 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
460 study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub
461 NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr
462 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall
463 LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
464 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
465 sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE,
466 system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
467 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell
468 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
469 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
470 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
471 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
472 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module
473 LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec
474 EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write
475 FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
481 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
487 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
495 =item Making References
497 =item Using References
515 =item Distribution Conditions
521 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
527 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
528 more elaborate constructs
532 =item COMMON MISTAKES
534 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
536 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
542 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
546 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
548 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
550 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
554 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
558 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
560 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
562 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
566 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
570 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
572 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
574 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
578 =item HASHES OF HASHES
582 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
584 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
586 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
590 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
594 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
596 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
598 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
610 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
620 =item Simple word matching
622 =item Using character classes
624 =item Matching this or that
626 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
628 =item Extracting matches
630 =item Matching repetitions
634 =item Search and replace
636 =item The split operator
644 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
648 =item Acknowledgments
654 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
662 =item Ordinary Paragraph
664 =item Verbatim Paragraph
666 =item Command Paragraph
668 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
669 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
670 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
671 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
673 =item Formatting Codes
675 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
676 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
677 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
678 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
679 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
680 (zero-effect) formatting code
684 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
686 =item Hints for Writing Pod
696 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
703 =item Pod Definitions
707 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
708 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
710 =item Pod Formatting Codes
712 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
713 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
714 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
715 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
716 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
717 contains non-breaking spaces
719 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
721 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
723 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
725 =item About =over...=back Regions
727 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
735 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
743 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
761 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
763 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
764 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
765 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
766 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
768 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
770 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
771 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
772 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
776 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
778 =item Numerical Traps
780 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
782 =item General data type traps
784 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
785 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
787 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
789 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
791 =item Precedence Traps
793 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
796 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
798 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
799 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
802 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
804 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
810 =item Interpolation Traps
812 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
813 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
819 =item Unclassified Traps
821 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
828 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
838 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
840 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
842 =item Location of Perl
844 =item Command Switches
846 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
847 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
848 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
849 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
850 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
851 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
852 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
858 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
859 :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
860 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
861 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
862 SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
866 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
874 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
882 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
884 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
886 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
890 =item Backward Compatibility
892 =item Category Hierarchy
896 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
908 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
916 =item Looking at data and -w and v
920 =item Stepping through code
922 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
924 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
942 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
948 =item The Perl Debugger
952 =item Debugger Commands
954 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
955 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
956 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
957 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
958 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
959 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
960 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
961 command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
962 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q
963 or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
965 =item Configurable Options
967 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
968 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
969 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
970 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
971 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
972 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
975 =item Debugger input/output
977 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
980 =item Debugging compile-time statements
982 =item Debugger Customization
984 =item Readline Support
986 =item Editor Support for Debugging
988 =item The Perl Profiler
992 =item Debugging regular expressions
994 =item Debugging memory usage
1002 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1010 =item Predefined Names
1012 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1013 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1014 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1015 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1016 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1017 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1018 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1019 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1020 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1021 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1022 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1023 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1024 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1025 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1026 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1027 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1028 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1029 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1030 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1031 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1032 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1033 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1034 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1035 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1036 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1037 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1038 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1039 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1040 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1041 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1043 =item Error Indicators
1045 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1053 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1061 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1063 =item Growing Your Own
1065 =item Access and Printing
1077 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1083 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1091 =item The Minus File
1093 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1099 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1103 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1107 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1111 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1113 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1115 =item Paths as Opens
1117 =item Single Argument Open
1119 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1123 =item Other I/O Issues
1127 =item Opening Non-File Files
1139 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1145 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1151 =item The Basic Principle
1155 =item Packing Numbers
1161 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1163 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1165 =item Floating point Numbers
1169 =item Exotic Templates
1181 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1185 =item Lengths and Widths
1189 =item String Lengths
1191 =item Dynamic Templates
1195 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1199 =item The Alignment Pit
1201 =item Alignment, Take 2
1203 =item Alignment, Take 3
1205 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1211 =item Funnies Section
1217 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1223 =item Part 1: The basics
1227 =item Simple word matching
1229 =item Using character classes
1231 =item Matching this or that
1233 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1235 =item Extracting matches
1237 =item Matching repetitions
1239 =item Building a regexp
1241 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1245 =item Part 2: Power tools
1249 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1251 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1253 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1255 =item Non-capturing groupings
1257 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1259 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1261 =item Conditional expressions
1263 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1265 =item Pragmas and debugging
1273 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1277 =item Acknowledgments
1283 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1293 =item Regular Expressions
1295 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1297 =item Extended Patterns
1299 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1300 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1301 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1302 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1306 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1308 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1310 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1312 =item Combining pieces together
1314 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1315 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1316 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1317 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1319 =item Creating custom RE engines
1329 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1339 =item Making References
1341 =item Using References
1343 =item Symbolic references
1345 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1347 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1349 =item Function Templates
1359 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1367 =item Format Variables
1377 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1385 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1393 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1395 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1397 =item Invoking a barnyard
1399 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1401 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1403 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1405 =item A few notes about @ISA
1407 =item Overriding the methods
1409 =item Starting the search from a different place
1411 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1413 =item Where we're at so far...
1415 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1417 =item Invoking an instance method
1419 =item Accessing the instance data
1421 =item How to build a horse
1423 =item Inheriting the constructor
1425 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1427 =item Adding parameters to a method
1429 =item More interesting instances
1431 =item A horse of a different color
1443 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1449 =item Creating a Class
1453 =item Object Representation
1455 =item Class Interface
1457 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1459 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1463 =item Other Object Methods
1471 =item Accessing Class Data
1473 =item Debugging Methods
1475 =item Class Destructors
1477 =item Documenting the Interface
1487 =item Overridden Methods
1489 =item Multiple Inheritance
1491 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1495 =item Alternate Object Representations
1499 =item Arrays as Objects
1501 =item Closures as Objects
1505 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1509 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1511 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1515 =item Metaclassical Tools
1521 =item Data Members as Variables
1529 =item Object Terminology
1535 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1541 =item Acknowledgments
1547 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1553 =item Class Data in a Can
1555 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1559 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1561 =item Inheritance Concerns
1563 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1565 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1567 =item Monadic Classes
1569 =item Translucent Attributes
1573 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1577 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1579 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1581 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1583 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1585 =item Translucency Revisited
1593 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1595 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1601 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1609 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1611 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1613 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1615 =item Method Invocation
1617 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1619 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1621 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1627 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1635 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1641 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1643 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1645 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1647 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1649 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1651 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1653 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1655 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1657 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1659 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1665 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1677 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1682 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1683 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1684 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1685 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1690 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1691 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1692 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1694 =item Tying FileHandles
1696 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1697 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1702 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1714 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1715 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1725 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
1733 =item Deferred Signals
1735 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals
1736 triggered by operating system state
1740 =item Using open() for IPC
1746 =item Background Processes
1748 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1750 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1752 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1754 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1758 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1762 =item Internet Line Terminators
1764 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1766 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1770 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1774 =item A Simple Client
1776 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1778 =item A Webget Client
1780 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1784 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1786 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1788 =item UDP: Message Passing
1802 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1812 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1814 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1815 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1816 files, directories and network sockets
1818 =item Resource limits
1820 =item Killing the parent process
1822 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1824 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1826 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1827 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1828 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1840 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1848 =item Storing numbers
1850 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1852 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1854 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1855 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1856 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1865 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1873 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1875 =item Threaded Program Models
1887 =item Native threads
1889 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1891 =item Threadsafe Modules
1897 =item Basic Thread Support
1899 =item A Note about the Examples
1901 =item Creating Threads
1903 =item Giving up control
1905 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1907 =item Ignoring A Thread
1911 =item Threads And Data
1915 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1917 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
1921 =item Synchronization and control
1925 =item Controlling access: lock()
1927 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1929 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1931 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1933 =item Basic semaphores
1935 =item Advanced Semaphores
1937 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
1941 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1945 =item What Thread Am I In?
1949 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1951 =item What Threads Are Running?
1955 =item A Complete Example
1957 =item Performance considerations
1959 =item Threadsafety of System Libraries
1967 =item Introductory Texts
1969 =item OS-Related References
1971 =item Other References
1975 =item Acknowledgements
1983 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1989 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1991 =item Threaded Program Models
2003 =item Native threads
2005 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2007 =item Threadsafe Modules
2013 =item Basic Thread Support
2015 =item Creating Threads
2017 =item Giving up control
2019 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2021 =item Errors In Threads
2023 =item Ignoring A Thread
2027 =item Threads And Data
2031 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2033 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2035 =item Controlling access: lock()
2037 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2039 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2043 =item Threads And Code
2047 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2049 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2051 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2053 =item Subroutine Locks
2057 =item Locking A Subroutine
2061 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2065 =item What Thread Am I In?
2069 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2071 =item What Threads Are Running?
2075 =item A Complete Example
2083 =item Introductory Texts
2085 =item OS-Related References
2087 =item Other References
2091 =item Acknowledgements
2099 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2105 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2114 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2116 =item Files and Filesystems
2118 =item System Interaction
2120 =item Command names versus file pathnames
2122 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2124 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2126 =item Standard Modules
2130 =item Character sets and character encoding
2132 =item Internationalisation
2134 =item System Resources
2144 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2145 http://testers.cpan.org/
2153 =item DOS and Derivatives
2161 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2169 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2173 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2175 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2176 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2177 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2178 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2179 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2180 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2181 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2182 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2183 getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
2184 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
2185 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
2186 EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
2187 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
2188 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
2189 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
2190 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
2191 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2192 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2193 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2194 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2195 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2196 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2197 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2198 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2199 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2205 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2206 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2207 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2208 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2209 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2210 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2212 =item Supported Platforms
2216 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2220 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2227 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2233 =item The use locale pragma
2235 =item The setlocale function
2237 =item Finding locales
2239 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2241 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2243 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2245 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2247 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2249 =item The localeconv function
2251 =item I18N::Langinfo
2255 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2259 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2261 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2263 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2265 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2269 =item Other categories
2277 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2278 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2284 =item Backward compatibility
2286 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2288 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2290 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2292 =item Freely available locale definitions
2296 =item An imperfect standard
2300 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2306 =item Broken systems
2316 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2326 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2328 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2330 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2332 =item Creating Unicode
2334 =item Handling Unicode
2336 =item Legacy Encodings
2340 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2344 =item Advanced Topics
2348 =item Questions With Answers
2350 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2352 =item Further Resources
2356 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2360 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2362 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2366 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2374 =item Important Caveats
2376 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
2377 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2379 =item Byte and Character Semantics
2381 =item Effects of Character Semantics
2387 =item User-Defined Character Properties
2389 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
2391 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2393 =item Unicode Encodings
2395 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2397 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2401 =item Using Unicode in XS
2409 =item Interaction with Locales
2411 =item Interaction with Extensions
2421 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2427 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2435 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2439 =item 13 variant characters
2447 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2449 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2451 =item Unicode and UTF
2457 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2459 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2461 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2475 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2477 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2479 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2481 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2489 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2491 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2493 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2495 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2499 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2503 =item URL decoding and encoding
2505 =item uu encoding and decoding
2507 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2509 =item Caesarian ciphers
2513 =item Hashing order and checksums
2517 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2529 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2549 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2557 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2559 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2561 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2565 =item Protecting Your Programs
2575 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2587 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2593 =item Making your module threadsafe
2601 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2611 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2612 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2626 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2632 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2636 =item Pragmatic Modules
2638 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
2639 charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer,
2640 less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs,
2641 threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2643 =item Standard Modules
2645 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2646 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2647 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2648 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2649 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2650 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2651 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest,
2652 DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
2653 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
2654 ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2655 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
2656 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
2657 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
2658 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2659 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2660 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2661 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2662 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2663 File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2664 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2665 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2666 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2667 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
2668 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2669 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2670 Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2671 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
2672 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
2673 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2674 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2675 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2676 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2677 PerlIO, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions,
2678 Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink,
2679 Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text,
2680 Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage,
2681 SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
2682 Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
2683 Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
2684 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
2685 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2686 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2687 Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2688 Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2689 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate,
2690 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2692 =item Extension Modules
2706 China, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Russian
2707 Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
2709 =item Central America
2715 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
2716 Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
2717 Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
2718 Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United
2723 Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico
2727 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
2728 Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York,
2729 North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas,
2730 Utah, Virginia, ashington, Wisconsin
2734 Australia, New Zealand
2738 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
2744 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2748 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2750 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2752 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2760 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2766 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2770 =item Before you start
2778 =item Release considerations
2782 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2786 =item Has it been done before?
2788 =item Do one thing and do it well
2790 =item What's in a name?
2794 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2798 =item To OO or not to OO?
2800 =item Designing your API
2802 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2803 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2806 =item Strictness and warnings
2808 =item Backwards compatibility
2810 =item Error handling and messages
2814 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2820 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2824 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2828 =item Version numbering
2830 =item Pre-requisites
2840 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2844 =item Reinventing the wheel
2846 =item Trying to do too much
2848 =item Inappropriate documentation
2854 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2855 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2861 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2871 =item What should I make into a module?
2873 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2875 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2877 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2879 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2880 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2881 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2883 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2885 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2886 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2896 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
2897 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
2907 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2909 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2911 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2913 =item What is perl6?
2915 =item How stable is Perl?
2917 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2919 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2922 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2924 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2926 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2928 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2930 =item What is a JAPH?
2932 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2934 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2935 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2939 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2943 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $,
2944 $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
2952 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2954 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2956 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2958 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2961 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2962 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2964 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2965 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2967 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2969 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2971 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2973 =item Where should I post source code?
2977 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2979 =item Perl in Magazines
2981 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2983 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2985 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2987 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2989 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2991 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2995 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2999 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06
3008 =item How do I do (anything)?
3010 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
3012 =item Is there a Perl shell?
3014 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
3016 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
3018 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
3020 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
3022 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
3024 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
3026 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
3027 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
3028 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
3030 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
3032 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
3034 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
3036 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
3038 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
3040 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
3042 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
3044 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
3045 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
3047 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
3049 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3051 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3053 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3055 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3057 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3059 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3061 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3063 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3065 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3067 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3069 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3071 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3072 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3074 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3076 =item What's MakeMaker?
3080 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3084 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3095 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3096 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3098 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3100 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3103 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3105 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
3106 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
3107 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
3108 from decimal to binary
3110 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3112 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3114 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3116 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3118 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3120 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3128 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
3130 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
3132 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3134 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3136 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3138 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3140 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3148 =item How do I validate input?
3150 =item How do I unescape a string?
3152 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3154 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3156 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3158 =item How do I reverse a string?
3160 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3162 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3164 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
3166 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3168 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3171 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3173 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3174 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3176 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3178 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3180 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3182 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3184 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3186 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3188 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3190 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3191 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3200 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3202 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3204 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3208 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3211 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3212 intersection of two arrays?
3214 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3216 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3218 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3220 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3222 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3224 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3226 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3228 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3230 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3232 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3234 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3238 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3242 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3244 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3247 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3249 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3251 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3253 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3255 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3257 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3259 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3261 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3263 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3265 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3267 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3270 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3271 array of hashes or arrays?
3273 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3281 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3283 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3285 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3287 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3289 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3291 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3293 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3297 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3301 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3310 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3312 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3313 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3315 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3317 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3319 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3321 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3322 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3324 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3326 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3328 =item How can I write() into a string?
3330 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3332 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3334 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3336 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3338 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3340 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3342 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3344 =item How can I lock a file?
3346 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3348 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3349 the file. How can I do this?
3351 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3352 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3354 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3356 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3358 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3360 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3362 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3364 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3366 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3368 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3370 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3372 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3374 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3376 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3377 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3379 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3381 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3382 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3384 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3386 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3390 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3394 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2002/06/01
3403 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3404 and unmaintainable code?
3406 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3408 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3410 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3413 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3415 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3418 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3420 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3422 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3424 =item What is C</o> really for?
3426 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3429 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3431 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3433 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3435 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3437 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3439 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3441 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3443 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3445 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3447 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3449 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3451 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3453 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3457 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3461 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
3462 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)
3470 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3472 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3475 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3478 =item How do I skip some return values?
3480 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3482 =item What's an extension?
3484 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3486 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3488 =item How do I create a module?
3490 =item How do I create a class?
3492 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3494 =item What's a closure?
3496 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3498 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3501 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3504 =item How do I create a static variable?
3506 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3507 Between local() and my()?
3509 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3512 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3514 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3516 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3518 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3520 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3522 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3524 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3526 =item How can I find out my current package?
3528 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3530 =item How do I clear a package?
3532 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3536 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3540 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16
3549 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3551 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3553 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3555 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3557 =item How do I print something out in color?
3559 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3561 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3563 =item How do I clear the screen?
3565 =item How do I get the screen size?
3567 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3569 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3571 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3573 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3575 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3577 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3579 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3581 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3583 =item How do I set the time and date?
3585 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3587 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3589 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3591 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3592 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3594 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3596 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3598 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3600 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3602 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3604 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3606 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3608 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3610 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3612 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3615 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3617 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3619 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3621 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3624 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3625 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3626 changes to be visible?
3630 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3633 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3635 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3637 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3639 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3641 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3643 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3645 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3647 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3649 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3651 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3653 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3655 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3658 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3660 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3664 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3668 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13
3677 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3679 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3682 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3684 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3686 =item How do I extract URLs?
3688 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3689 file on another machine?
3691 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3693 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3695 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3697 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3699 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3701 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3703 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3705 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3706 CGI script to do bad things?
3708 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3710 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3712 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3714 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3716 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3718 =item How do I send mail?
3720 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3722 =item How do I read mail?
3724 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3726 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3728 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3730 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3734 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3738 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3748 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3752 =item Using The Back Ends
3756 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3760 =item The Decompiling Back End
3762 =item The Lint Back End
3764 =item The Simple C Back End
3766 =item The Bytecode Back End
3768 =item The Optimized C Back End
3772 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3774 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3775 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3776 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3778 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3784 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3794 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3795 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3799 =item Compiling your C program
3801 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3803 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3805 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3807 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3809 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3811 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3813 =item Execution of END blocks
3815 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3817 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3822 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3832 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3838 =item Debugger Internals
3842 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3846 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3848 =item Debugging regular expressions
3852 =item Compile-time output
3854 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3855 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3856 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3859 =item Types of nodes
3861 =item Run-time output
3865 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3869 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3871 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3872 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3875 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3877 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3879 =item B<-DL> details
3883 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3891 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3903 =item Version caveat
3905 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3917 =item What has gone on?
3919 =item Writing good test scripts
3923 =item What's new here?
3925 =item Input and Output Parameters
3927 =item The XSUBPP Program
3929 =item The TYPEMAP file
3931 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3935 =item What has happened here?
3937 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3939 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3941 =item More about XSUB arguments
3943 =item The Argument Stack
3945 =item Extending your Extension
3947 =item Documenting your Extension
3949 =item Installing your Extension
3953 =item New Things in this Example
3957 =item New Things in this Example
3959 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3961 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3963 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
3965 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3981 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3993 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3995 =item The Argument Stack
3997 =item The RETVAL Variable
3999 =item The MODULE Keyword
4001 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4003 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4005 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4007 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4009 =item The CODE: Keyword
4011 =item The INIT: Keyword
4013 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4015 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4017 =item Default Parameter Values
4019 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4021 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4023 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4025 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4027 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4029 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4031 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4033 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4035 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4037 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4039 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4041 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4043 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4045 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4047 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4049 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4051 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4053 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4055 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4057 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4059 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4061 =item The CASE: Keyword
4063 =item The & Unary Operator
4065 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4067 =item Using XS With C++
4069 =item Interface Strategy
4071 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4075 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4077 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4089 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4099 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4101 =item File Operations
4103 =item File Input and Output
4105 =item File Positioning
4107 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4109 =item Character Class Tests
4111 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4113 =item Miscellaneous functions
4121 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4133 =item What is an "IV"?
4135 =item Working with SVs
4139 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4141 =item Working with AVs
4143 =item Working with HVs
4145 =item Hash API Extensions
4149 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4151 =item Creating New Variables
4153 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4155 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4157 =item Stashes and Globs
4159 =item Double-Typed SVs
4161 =item Magic Variables
4163 =item Assigning Magic
4165 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4169 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4171 =item Localizing changes
4173 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4174 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4175 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4176 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4177 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4178 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4179 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4180 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4181 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4182 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4190 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4192 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4194 =item Memory Allocation
4198 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4202 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4212 =item Examining the tree
4214 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4216 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4218 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4220 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4222 =item Pluggable runops
4226 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4228 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4232 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4234 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4236 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4238 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4240 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4244 =item Internal Functions
4246 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4250 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4252 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4254 =item Source Documentation
4258 =item Unicode Support
4262 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4264 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4266 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4268 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4270 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4272 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4276 =item Custom Operators
4284 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4290 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4292 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4294 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4314 =item Determining the Context
4318 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4324 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4326 =item Passing Parameters
4328 =item Returning a Scalar
4330 =item Returning a list of values
4332 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4334 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4338 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4342 =item Using call_argv
4344 =item Using call_method
4348 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4350 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4352 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4353 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4356 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4358 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4370 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4380 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4381 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4382 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4383 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4387 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4389 =item Administration
4391 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4395 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4396 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4404 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4414 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4416 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4418 B<Decryption Filters>
4420 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4422 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4424 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4436 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4444 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4445 B<filter_fetch_value>
4451 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4453 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4463 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4469 =item "Gimme" Values
4471 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4473 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4475 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4476 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4477 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4479 =item Callback Functions
4481 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4482 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4484 =item Character classes
4486 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4488 =item Cloning an interpreter
4492 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4494 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4496 =item Embedding Functions
4498 load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4499 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4501 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4503 pack_cat, unpack_str
4505 =item Global Variables
4507 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4511 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4512 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4516 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4518 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4520 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4521 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4522 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4523 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4524 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4526 =item Magical Functions
4528 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4529 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4530 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4532 =item Memory Management
4534 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4535 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4537 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4539 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4540 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4542 =item Numeric functions
4544 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4547 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4549 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4551 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4553 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4554 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4555 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4556 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4557 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4561 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4563 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4565 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4566 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4567 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4568 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4569 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4570 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4571 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4572 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4573 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4574 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4575 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4576 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
4577 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
4578 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4579 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4580 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4581 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4582 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
4583 sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4584 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4585 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4586 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
4587 sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
4588 sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
4589 sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4590 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4591 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
4592 sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
4593 sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
4594 sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
4595 sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode,
4596 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags,
4597 sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4599 =item Unicode Support
4601 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4602 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4603 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4604 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4605 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4607 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4609 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4610 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4612 =item Warning and Dieing
4622 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4629 =item Global Variables
4631 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4642 =item Pad Data Structures
4646 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4650 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4652 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4660 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4670 =item History and Background
4672 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4674 =item Data Structures
4676 =item Functions and Attributes
4678 =item Per-instance Data
4680 =item Layers in action.
4682 =item Per-instance flag bits
4684 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4685 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4686 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4687 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4689 =item Methods in Detail
4691 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4692 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4693 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4694 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4699 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4701 =item Extension Layers
4703 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4711 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4719 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4720 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4721 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4722 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4723 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4724 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4725 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4726 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4727 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4728 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4729 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4733 =item Co-existence with stdio
4735 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4736 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4738 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4740 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4741 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4742 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4743 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4745 =item Other Functions
4747 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4748 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4754 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4760 =item To do during 5.6.x
4764 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4766 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4768 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4770 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4772 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4776 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4778 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
4780 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4782 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4784 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4786 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4788 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4790 =item Complete signal handling
4792 =item Out-of-source builds
4794 =item POSIX realtime support
4796 =item UNIX98 support
4800 =item Long double conversion
4804 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4806 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4808 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4810 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4812 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4814 =item Custom opcodes
4816 =item DLL Versioning
4818 =item Introduce @( and @)
4820 =item Floating point handling
4822 =item IV/UV preservation
4824 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4826 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4828 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4830 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4832 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4834 =item Document Win32 choices
4836 =item Check new modules
4838 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4842 =item To do at some point
4846 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4848 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4850 =item bitfields in pack
4852 =item Cross compilation
4854 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4856 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4858 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4860 =item -i rename file when changed
4862 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4864 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4866 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4868 =item my sub foo { }
4870 =item One-pass global destruction
4872 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4874 =item Cache recently used regexps
4876 =item Cross-compilation support
4878 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4880 =item debugger pragma
4882 =item use less pragma
4884 =item switch structures
4886 =item Cache eval tree
4890 =item Shrink opcode tables
4892 =item Optimize away @_
4894 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4898 =item Prototype method calls
4900 =item Return context prototype declarations
4904 =item Garbage collection
4908 =item Rewrite perldoc
4910 =item Install .3p manpages
4912 =item Unicode tutorial
4914 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4916 =item Retargetable installation
4918 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4920 =item Rename Win32 headers
4922 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4924 =item Update sprintf documentation
4926 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4928 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4930 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
4932 =item Should overload be inheritable?
4942 =item ref() in list context
4944 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4946 =item Compile to real threaded code
4948 =item Structured types
4950 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4952 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4956 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4960 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4962 =item Constant function cache
4964 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4972 =item Update guts documentation
4974 =item Add more tests
4976 =item Update auxiliary tools
4978 =item Create debugging macros
4980 =item truncate to the people
4982 =item Unicode in Filenames
4986 =item Recently done things
4990 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4992 =item Safe signal handling
4998 =item setitimer and getimiter
5000 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5002 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5004 =item Explicit switch statements
5012 =item perlcc to produce executable
5014 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5016 =item Secure temporary file module
5018 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5020 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5022 =item Mmap for input
5024 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
5026 =item Add sockatmark support
5028 =item Mailing list archives
5032 =item Integrate MacPerl
5034 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5036 =item Regular expression tutorial
5038 =item Debugging Tutorial
5040 =item Integrate new modules
5042 =item Integrate profiler
5044 =item Y2K error detection
5046 =item Regular expression debugger
5050 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5052 =item Cache precompiled modules
5056 =item Deprecated Wishes
5060 =item Loop control on do{}
5062 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5068 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5070 =item Named prototypes
5072 =item Built-in globbing
5074 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5076 =item Cached hash values
5078 =item Add compression modules
5080 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5082 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5084 =item Make XS easier to use
5086 =item Make embedding easier to use
5090 =item my $Package::variable
5092 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5094 =item "class"-based lexicals
5098 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5100 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5102 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5104 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5110 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5116 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5117 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5118 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5119 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5120 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5121 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5122 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5126 =item Keeping in sync
5128 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5129 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5131 =item Why rsync the source tree
5133 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
5135 =item Why rsync the patches
5137 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5138 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5140 =item Perlbug remote interface
5142 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
5143 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
5145 =item Submitting patches
5147 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5148 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5150 =item Finding Your Way Around
5152 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5154 =item Elements of the interpreter
5156 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5158 =item Internal Variable Types
5164 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5166 =item Millions of Macros
5168 =item Poking at Perl
5170 =item Using a source-level debugger
5172 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5173 finish, 'enter', print
5175 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5179 =item Patching a core module
5181 =item Adding a new function to the core
5183 =item Writing a test
5185 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5186 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5188 =item Special Make Test Targets
5190 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
5191 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8
5195 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5199 =item Rational Software's Purify
5201 =item Purify on Unix
5203 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5207 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5209 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5211 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5215 =item Gprof Profiling
5217 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5219 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5221 =item Pixie Profiling
5223 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5226 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5230 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5238 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5246 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5258 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5260 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5264 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5268 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5274 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5276 =item Incompatible Changes
5280 =item Binary Incompatibility
5282 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5284 =item AIX Dynaloading
5286 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
5288 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5290 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5292 =item New Unicode Properties
5294 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5296 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5298 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
5304 =item Core Enhancements
5308 =item Unicode Overhaul
5310 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5314 =item Restricted Hashes
5318 =item Understanding of Numbers
5320 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5322 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5326 =item Modules and Pragmata
5330 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5332 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5336 =item Utility Changes
5338 =item New Documentation
5340 =item Performance Enhancements
5342 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5346 =item Generic Improvements
5348 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5352 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5356 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5360 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5362 =item Changed Internals
5364 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
5368 =item Known Problems
5374 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5380 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
5382 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
5384 =item DJGPP does not build
5386 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5388 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
5390 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
5392 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t
5394 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5396 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5398 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5400 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5402 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5404 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5406 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5410 =item OS/2 Test Failures
5412 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5416 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
5418 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
5420 =item PDL failing some tests
5424 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5426 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5428 =item Timing problems
5430 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
5442 =item XML::Parser not working
5446 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5448 =item Self-tying Problems
5450 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
5452 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5454 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5456 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5458 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5462 =item Reporting Bugs
5470 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5476 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5478 =item Incompatible Changes
5482 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5484 =item AIX Dynaloading
5486 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5488 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5494 =item Core Enhancements
5496 =item Modules and Pragmata
5500 =item New Modules and Distributions
5502 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5506 =item Utility Changes
5508 =item New Documentation
5510 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5514 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5516 =item Generic Improvements
5520 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5524 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5528 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5530 =item Source Code Enhancements
5534 =item MAGIC constants
5536 =item Better commented code
5538 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5546 =item Known Problems
5552 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5554 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5556 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5558 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5560 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5562 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5566 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5568 =item Failure of Thread tests
5578 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5580 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5582 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5584 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5586 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5588 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5592 =item Reporting Bugs
5600 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5606 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5608 =item Incompatible Changes
5610 =item Core Enhancements
5614 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5616 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5618 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5622 =item Modules and Pragmata
5628 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5632 =item Performance Enhancements
5634 =item Utility Changes
5636 =item New Documentation
5652 =item README.solaris
5656 =item Porting/repository.pod
5660 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5664 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5666 =item Generic Improvements
5668 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5669 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5670 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5674 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5678 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5682 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5684 =item Changed Internals
5688 =item Known Problems
5692 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5694 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5696 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5698 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5702 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5704 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5706 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5708 =item Failure of Thread tests
5710 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5712 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5714 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5716 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5720 =item Reporting Bugs
5728 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5734 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5736 =item Incompatible Changes
5738 =item Core Enhancements
5740 =item Modules and Pragmata
5746 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5750 =item Utility Changes
5752 =item New Documentation
5754 =item Performance Enhancements
5756 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5760 =item Generic Improvements
5764 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5768 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5772 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5774 =item Changed Internals
5776 =item Known Problems
5780 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5782 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5784 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5786 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5788 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5790 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5792 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5794 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5796 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5798 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5802 =item Reporting Bugs
5810 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5816 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5820 =item Security Issues
5822 =item Core bug fixes
5824 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5825 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5826 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5827 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5828 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5829 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5834 =item Configuration issues
5838 =item Bundled modules
5840 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5841 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5842 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5843 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5845 =item Platform-specific improvements
5847 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5851 =item Core Enhancements
5855 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5857 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5859 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5861 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5863 =item "our" declarations
5865 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5867 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5869 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5871 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5873 =item open() with more than two arguments
5875 =item 64-bit support
5877 =item Large file support
5883 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5885 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5887 =item File globbing implemented internally
5889 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5891 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5893 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5895 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5897 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5899 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5901 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5903 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5905 =item Comments in pack() templates
5907 =item Weak references
5909 =item Binary numbers supported
5911 =item Lvalue subroutines
5913 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5915 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5917 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5919 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5921 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5923 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5925 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5927 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5929 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5931 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5933 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5935 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5937 =item Improved diagnostics
5939 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5941 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5943 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5945 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5947 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5949 =item Improved security features
5951 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5953 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5955 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5957 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5959 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5961 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5963 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5967 =item Modules and Pragmata
5973 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5974 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5975 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5976 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5977 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5978 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5979 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5980 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5986 =item Utility Changes
6000 =item The Perl Debugger
6004 =item Improved Documentation
6006 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6007 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6008 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6009 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6011 =item Performance enhancements
6015 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6017 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6019 =item Faster subroutine calls
6021 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6025 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6029 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6031 =item New Configure flags
6033 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6039 =item -Duselargefiles
6041 =item installusrbinperl
6047 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6049 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6053 =item Platform specific changes
6057 =item Supported platforms
6061 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6069 =item Significant bug fixes
6073 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6075 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6077 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6079 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6081 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6083 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6085 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6087 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6089 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6091 =item Locale bugs fixed
6095 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6097 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6099 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6101 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6105 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6107 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6108 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6109 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6110 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6111 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6112 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6113 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6114 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6115 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6116 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6117 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6118 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6119 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6120 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6121 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6122 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6123 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6124 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6125 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6126 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6127 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6128 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6129 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6130 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6131 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6132 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6133 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6134 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6135 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6136 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6137 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6138 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6139 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6140 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6141 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6142 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6143 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6144 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6145 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6146 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6147 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6148 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6149 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6150 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6151 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6152 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6153 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6154 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6155 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6156 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6160 =item Incompatible Changes
6164 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6166 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6167 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6168 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6169 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6170 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6171 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6172 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6173 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6174 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6175 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6176 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6178 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6180 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6182 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6184 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6186 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6190 =item Known Problems
6194 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6196 =item Known test failures
6198 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6200 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6202 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6204 =item Experimental features
6206 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6207 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6208 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6212 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6214 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6215 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6216 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6217 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6219 =item Reporting Bugs
6227 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6233 =item Core Enhancements
6237 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6239 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6241 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6243 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6245 =item "our" declarations
6247 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6249 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6251 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6253 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6255 =item open() with more than two arguments
6257 =item 64-bit support
6259 =item Large file support
6265 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6267 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6269 =item File globbing implemented internally
6271 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6273 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6275 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6277 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6279 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6281 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6283 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6285 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6287 =item Comments in pack() templates
6289 =item Weak references
6291 =item Binary numbers supported
6293 =item Lvalue subroutines
6295 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6297 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6299 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6301 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6303 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6305 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6307 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6309 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6311 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6313 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6315 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6317 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6319 =item Improved diagnostics
6321 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6323 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6325 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6327 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6329 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6331 =item Improved security features
6333 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6335 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6337 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6339 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6341 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6343 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6345 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6349 =item Modules and Pragmata
6355 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6356 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6357 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6358 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6359 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6360 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6361 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6362 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6368 =item Utility Changes
6382 =item The Perl Debugger
6386 =item Improved Documentation
6388 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6389 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6390 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6391 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6393 =item Performance enhancements
6397 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6399 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6401 =item Faster subroutine calls
6403 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6407 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6411 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6413 =item New Configure flags
6415 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6421 =item -Duselargefiles
6423 =item installusrbinperl
6429 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6433 =item Platform specific changes
6437 =item Supported platforms
6441 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6449 =item Significant bug fixes
6453 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6455 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6457 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6459 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6461 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6463 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6465 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6467 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6469 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6471 =item Locale bugs fixed
6475 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6477 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6479 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6481 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6485 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6487 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6488 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6489 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6490 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6491 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6492 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6493 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6494 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6495 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6496 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6497 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6498 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6499 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6500 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6501 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6502 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6503 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6504 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6505 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6506 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6507 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6508 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6509 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6510 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6511 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6512 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6513 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6514 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6515 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6516 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6517 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6518 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6519 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6520 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6521 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6522 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6523 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6524 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6525 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6526 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6527 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6528 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6529 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6530 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6531 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6532 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6533 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6534 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6535 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6536 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6540 =item Incompatible Changes
6544 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6546 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6547 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6548 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6549 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6550 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6551 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6552 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6553 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6554 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6555 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6556 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6558 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6560 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6562 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6564 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6566 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6570 =item Known Problems
6574 =item Thread test failures
6576 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6578 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6580 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6582 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6585 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6587 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6589 =item Experimental features
6591 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6592 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6593 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6597 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6599 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6600 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6601 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6602 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6604 =item Reporting Bugs
6612 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6618 =item About the new versioning system
6620 =item Incompatible Changes
6624 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6626 =item Default installation structure has changed
6628 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6630 =item C Source Compatibility
6632 =item Binary Compatibility
6634 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6636 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6650 =item Regular Expressions
6652 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6653 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6654 improvements, Incompatible changes
6656 =item Improved malloc()
6658 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6660 =item Reliable signals
6662 =item Reliable stack pointers
6664 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6668 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6670 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6672 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6674 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6676 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6678 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6680 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6682 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6684 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6686 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6688 =item Better locale support
6690 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6692 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6694 =item Extended support for exception handling
6696 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6698 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6700 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6702 =item New C<lock> keyword
6704 =item New C<qr//> operator
6706 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6708 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6710 =item Tied handles support is better
6712 =item 4th argument to substr
6714 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6716 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6718 =item <> now reads in records
6722 =item Supported Platforms
6728 =item Changes in existing support
6732 =item Modules and Pragmata
6738 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6739 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6740 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6742 =item Changes in existing modules
6744 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6745 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6749 =item Utility Changes
6751 =item Documentation Changes
6753 =item New Diagnostics
6755 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6756 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6757 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6758 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6759 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6760 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6761 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6762 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6763 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6764 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6765 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6766 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6767 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6768 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6769 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6770 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6771 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6773 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6775 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6776 temporary file, regexp too big
6778 =item Configuration Changes
6788 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6794 =item Supported Environments
6800 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6802 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6804 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6806 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6808 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6810 =item More precise warnings
6812 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6814 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6816 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6818 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6820 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6822 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6824 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6826 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6828 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6830 =item Changes to tainting checks
6832 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6833 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6835 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6837 =item Embedding improvements
6839 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6841 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6843 =item New and changed syntax
6847 =item New and changed builtin constants
6851 =item New and changed builtin variables
6855 =item New and changed builtin functions
6857 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6858 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6859 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6860 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6861 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6863 =item New builtin methods
6865 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6867 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6869 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6870 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6872 =item Malloc enhancements
6874 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6876 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6880 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6896 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6897 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6903 =item Required Updates
6905 =item Installation directories
6907 =item Module information summary
6921 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6925 =item Utility Changes
6931 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6935 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6939 =item C Language API Changes
6941 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6944 =item Documentation Changes
6946 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6947 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6949 =item New Diagnostics
6951 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6952 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6953 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6954 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6955 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6956 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6957 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6958 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6959 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6960 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6961 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6962 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6963 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6964 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6965 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6966 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6967 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6968 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6969 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6970 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6971 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6972 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6973 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6974 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6975 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6985 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6993 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6997 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6999 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7001 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7003 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7009 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7019 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
7029 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7045 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7047 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7049 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7051 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7057 =item Accessing documentation
7061 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7063 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7065 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7067 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7071 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7075 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7077 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7079 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7081 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7083 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7087 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7095 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7103 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7105 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7109 =item Contact Information
7111 =item Update 2002-05-30
7117 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7127 =item gzip on BS2000
7129 =item bison on BS2000
7131 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7133 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7135 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7137 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7139 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7141 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7143 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7177 =item Acknowledgements
7183 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7189 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7193 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7195 =item Cygwin Configuration
7197 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7201 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7205 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7207 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7209 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7210 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7212 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7214 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7215 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7218 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7220 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7224 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7228 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7234 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7238 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7240 =item NDBM_File does not work on FAT filesystems
7242 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7244 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7248 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7250 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7252 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7253 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7255 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7263 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7275 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7279 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7281 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7283 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7285 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7295 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7305 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7309 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7311 =item Building Perl on DOS
7313 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7315 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7319 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7323 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7325 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7327 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7329 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7339 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7347 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7349 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7353 =item Editors on Epoc
7355 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7357 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7359 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7363 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7371 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
7379 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
7381 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
7383 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
7391 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7400 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7402 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7414 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7416 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7418 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7420 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7422 =item The GNU C Compiler
7424 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7426 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7428 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7430 =item Oracle on HP-UX
7432 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7434 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7436 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7438 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7442 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7450 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7458 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7466 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
7474 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
7476 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
7478 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
7480 =item Linker Problems in Irix
7482 =item Malloc in Irix
7484 =item Building with threads in Irix
7492 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7501 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7503 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7505 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7507 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7517 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7531 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7537 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7543 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7551 =item Binary distribution from HP
7553 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7555 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7557 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7559 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7561 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7563 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7564 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7566 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7570 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7572 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7574 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7576 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7578 =item Perl/iX Change History
7594 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
7606 =item Build new extensions
7608 =item Acknowledgements
7616 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7636 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7638 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7640 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7644 =item Frequently asked questions
7648 =item "It does not work"
7650 =item I cannot run external programs
7652 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7655 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7658 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7660 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7668 =item Automatic binary installation
7670 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7672 =item Manual binary installation
7674 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7675 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7676 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7677 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7678 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7684 =item Accessing documentation
7688 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7696 =item GNU C<info> files
7708 =item The short story
7712 =item Getting perl source
7714 =item Application of the patches
7722 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7725 =item Installing the built perl
7727 =item C<a.out>-style build
7735 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7737 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7739 =item Problems with tr or sed
7741 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7743 =item Library ... not found
7745 =item Segfault in make
7747 =item op/sprintf test failure
7751 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7755 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7759 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7761 =item Additional modules:
7763 =item Prebuilt methods:
7765 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7766 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7767 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7768 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7769 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7770 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7771 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7772 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7773 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7774 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7775 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
7776 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
7778 =item Prebuilt variables:
7780 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
7787 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7790 =item Identifying DLLs
7792 =item Centralized management of resources
7794 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
7795 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
7796 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
7797 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
7811 =item F<perl___.exe>
7813 =item Why strange names?
7815 =item Why dynamic linking?
7817 =item Why chimera build?
7825 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7827 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7829 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7831 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7833 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7835 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7843 =item Text-mode filehandles
7847 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7849 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7851 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7854 =item DLL forwarder generation
7858 =item Calls to external programs
7860 =item Memory allocation
7864 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7880 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7893 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7895 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7897 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7899 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7901 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7903 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7905 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7907 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7909 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7911 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7921 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7929 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7937 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7939 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7941 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7943 =item QNX auxiliary files
7947 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7955 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7965 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7967 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7969 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7971 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7975 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7979 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7991 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7999 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
8005 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
8011 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
8013 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
8015 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
8019 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
8023 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
8025 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
8027 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
8031 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
8033 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
8034 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
8035 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8041 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8043 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8047 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8049 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8053 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8057 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8059 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8063 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8065 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8067 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8077 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8078 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8086 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8088 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8090 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8092 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8094 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8096 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8100 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8102 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8104 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8110 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8118 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8120 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8126 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8136 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8138 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8140 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8142 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8144 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8154 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8160 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8168 =item Organization of Perl Images
8174 =item Perl Extensions
8176 =item Installing static extensions
8178 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8182 =item File specifications
8188 =item Wildcard expansion
8194 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8200 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8202 =item Command line switches
8208 =item Perl functions
8210 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8211 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8212 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8213 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8215 =item Perl variables
8217 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8219 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8233 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8241 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
8243 =item Stratus POSIX Support
8247 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8251 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
8253 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
8257 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8261 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
8263 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8265 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8271 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8279 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8289 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8291 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8292 SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC
8296 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8298 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8300 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8302 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8303 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8304 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
8306 =item Running Perl Scripts
8308 Miscellaneous Things
8312 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8316 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8317 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8318 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8326 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8328 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8340 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8350 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8351 data structures between threads
8363 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8364 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8376 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8385 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8386 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
8387 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
8391 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8397 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
8398 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8400 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8406 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8416 =item Built-in Attributes
8418 locked, method, lvalue
8420 =item Available Subroutines
8424 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8426 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8428 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8436 =item Default exports
8438 =item Available exports
8440 =item Export tags defined
8450 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8462 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8478 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8492 =head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
8504 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8508 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8528 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8540 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8544 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8564 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
8586 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8587 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8588 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8589 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8590 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
8600 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8614 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8627 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8636 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8638 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8640 =item charnames::vianame(name)
8644 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8650 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8662 =item List constants
8664 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8666 =item Magic constants
8670 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8680 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8691 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8693 =item The I<splain> Program
8707 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
8717 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
8718 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
8726 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
8730 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
8732 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
8734 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
8736 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8742 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8756 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8766 =item subpragma access
8772 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8786 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8797 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8807 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8817 =item Adding directories to @INC
8819 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8821 =item Restoring original @INC
8835 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8846 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
8854 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8856 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8862 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8874 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8884 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8886 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8888 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8890 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8892 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8894 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8896 =item Overloadable Operations
8898 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8899 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8900 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8902 =item Inheritance and overloading
8904 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8905 is inherited by derived classes
8909 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8917 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8919 =item Copy Constructor
8925 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8927 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8928 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8929 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8932 =item Losing overloading
8934 =item Run-time Overloading
8936 =item Public functions
8938 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8940 =item Overloading constants
8942 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8944 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8946 =item Metaphor clash
8952 =item Two-face scalars
8954 =item Two-face references
8956 =item Symbolic calculator
8958 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8966 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8967 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8973 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8983 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8995 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8997 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
9001 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
9005 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
9013 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
9025 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
9033 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9037 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9047 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9056 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9057 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9058 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9062 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9068 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
9069 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
9071 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9077 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9078 structures between threads
9090 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9091 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9103 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9114 =item Utility functions
9116 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
9117 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9128 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9138 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9146 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9150 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9158 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9159 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9160 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9161 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9162 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9166 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9176 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9178 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9188 =item DBM Comparisons
9198 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9208 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9212 =item Typed lexicals
9214 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9216 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9218 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9220 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9228 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9229 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9230 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9231 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9232 be able to apply END handler>
9242 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9252 =item Subroutine Stubs
9254 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9256 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9258 =item Package Lexicals
9260 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9262 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9272 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9280 $keep, $check, $modtime
9284 =item Multiple packages
9292 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9300 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9304 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9312 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9326 =item B::PVMG METHODS
9330 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
9332 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9334 =item B::PVLV METHODS
9336 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9340 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9344 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9345 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9349 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9350 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9354 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
9358 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
9363 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9365 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9369 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9371 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9375 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9379 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9383 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9387 =item B::PMOP METHODS
9389 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9390 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9392 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9396 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9400 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9404 =item B::LOOP METHODS
9406 redoop, nextop, lastop
9408 =item B::COP METHODS
9410 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
9414 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
9416 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
9417 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
9418 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
9419 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
9420 cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9426 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9435 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9441 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9453 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9473 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9483 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9484 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9485 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9495 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9505 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9506 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9507 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9518 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9528 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9529 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9530 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9542 =item Context of ".."
9546 =item Deprecated features
9554 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9566 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9567 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9568 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9570 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9572 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9573 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9574 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9575 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9576 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9577 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9578 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9579 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9585 =item OP flags abbreviations
9587 =item OP class abbreviations
9591 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9597 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9609 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9619 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9620 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9622 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9632 =item ambient_pragmas
9634 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9646 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9658 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9666 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9668 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9669 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9671 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9681 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9691 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9699 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9711 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9723 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9725 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9737 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9747 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
9755 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9775 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9789 =item Standard Exports
9791 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9792 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9793 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9795 =item Optional Exports
9797 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9798 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9799 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9815 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9819 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9833 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9843 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9844 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9845 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9855 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9867 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9869 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9871 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9873 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9875 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9877 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9879 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9881 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9883 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9885 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9887 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9889 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9891 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9893 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9895 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9897 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9899 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9901 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9902 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9906 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9907 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9910 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9912 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9913 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9918 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9922 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9924 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9926 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9928 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9930 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9932 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9934 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9936 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9937 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9939 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9943 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9947 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9949 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9951 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9953 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9955 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9957 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9958 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9960 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9964 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9968 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9970 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9972 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9974 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9978 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9980 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9982 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9986 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9988 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9992 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9996 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
10000 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
10004 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
10008 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
10010 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
10012 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
10016 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
10020 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
10026 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
10027 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
10029 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
10031 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
10032 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
10035 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10041 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10045 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10047 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10048 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
10049 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10050 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
10051 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10053 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10055 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
10060 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
10062 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
10064 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
10065 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
10067 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
10069 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10073 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
10074 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10075 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10076 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10077 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10078 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10079 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10080 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10081 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10082 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10083 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10084 ...and many many more..
10086 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10094 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10104 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10112 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10121 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10123 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10127 =item Changing the default message
10131 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10141 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10149 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10151 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10155 =item Creating New Cookies
10157 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10159 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10161 =item Manipulating Cookies
10163 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10167 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10175 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10183 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10185 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10187 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10189 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10191 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10193 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10197 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10205 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10215 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10217 =item Customizing the Indenting
10229 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10237 =item USING CGI::Push
10239 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10243 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10245 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10249 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10251 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10259 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10269 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10277 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10285 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10291 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10301 =item Interactive Mode
10303 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10304 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10305 distribution, ls author, Signals
10313 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10315 =item Programmer's interface
10317 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10319 =item Methods in the other Classes
10321 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10322 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10323 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10324 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10325 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10326 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10327 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10328 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10329 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10330 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10331 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10332 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10333 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10334 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10335 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10336 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10337 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10338 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10339 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10340 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10341 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10342 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10343 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10344 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10345 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10346 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10348 =item Cache Manager
10352 =item Prerequisites
10354 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10358 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10362 =item CONFIGURATION
10364 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10365 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10366 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10367 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10371 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10373 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10381 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10383 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10387 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10389 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10391 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10397 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10409 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10419 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10432 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10442 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10450 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10452 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10462 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10463 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10464 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10466 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10474 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10484 =item The C<struct()> function
10486 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10488 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10490 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10491 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10493 =item Initializing with C<new>
10499 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10501 =item Author and Modification History
10505 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10513 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10525 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10529 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10530 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10531 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10532 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10536 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10540 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10541 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10542 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10543 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10544 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10545 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10546 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10550 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10551 C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
10552 C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
10553 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
10554 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
10555 C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
10556 C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
10557 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
10558 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
10559 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
10560 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
10561 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
10562 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
10563 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
10564 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
10565 C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>,
10566 C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
10567 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
10568 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
10569 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>,
10570 C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
10571 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>,
10572 C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>,
10573 C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
10574 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>,
10575 C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
10576 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
10577 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>,
10578 C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>,
10579 C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>,
10580 C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
10581 C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>,
10582 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>,
10583 C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
10584 C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>,
10585 C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
10586 C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
10587 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
10588 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
10589 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
10590 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
10591 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
10592 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
10593 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
10594 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
10595 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
10596 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
10597 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
10598 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
10599 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
10600 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
10601 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
10602 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
10603 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
10604 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
10605 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
10606 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
10607 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
10608 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
10609 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
10610 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
10611 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
10612 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
10613 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
10614 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
10615 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
10616 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
10617 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
10618 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>,
10619 C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
10620 C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10621 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10622 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10623 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10624 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10625 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
10626 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
10627 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
10628 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
10629 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
10630 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
10631 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
10632 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
10633 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
10634 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
10635 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
10636 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
10637 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10638 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10639 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
10643 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
10644 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
10645 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
10646 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10650 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10651 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10656 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
10657 C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
10658 C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
10659 C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
10660 C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
10661 C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
10662 C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
10663 C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
10664 C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>,
10669 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10673 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10674 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
10675 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
10676 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10677 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10678 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10679 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10680 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10681 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10682 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10683 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10684 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10685 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10686 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10687 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10688 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10689 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10690 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10691 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10692 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10693 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10694 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10695 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10696 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10700 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10704 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10705 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10706 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10707 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10708 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
10709 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
10714 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10715 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10716 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10720 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10721 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10725 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10726 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10727 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
10728 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
10729 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10733 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10734 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10738 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10739 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10743 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10744 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10745 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10746 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10750 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10754 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
10755 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
10756 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10760 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10761 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
10762 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
10763 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
10764 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
10765 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
10766 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
10767 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10768 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10769 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10770 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10771 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10772 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
10773 C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
10774 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
10775 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
10776 C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10780 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10781 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
10786 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10787 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10788 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10789 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10790 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10791 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10792 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10793 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10794 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10798 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10799 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10800 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10801 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10805 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10809 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10821 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10831 =item getcwd and friends
10833 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10835 =item abs_path and friends
10837 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10849 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10861 =item Global Variables
10863 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10864 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10869 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10870 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10872 =item Client Callback Methods
10874 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10875 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10876 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10886 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10894 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10898 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10900 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10902 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10904 =item Default Parameters
10906 =item In Memory Databases
10914 =item A Simple Example
10922 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10924 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10926 =item The get_dup() Method
10928 =item The find_dup() Method
10930 =item The del_dup() Method
10932 =item Matching Partial Keys
10940 =item The 'bval' Option
10942 =item A Simple Example
10944 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10946 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10947 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10948 length, elements);>
10950 =item Another Example
10954 =item THE API INTERFACE
10956 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10957 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10958 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10959 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10963 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10964 B<filter_fetch_value>
10970 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10972 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10976 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10980 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10982 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10984 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10986 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10988 =item The untie() Gotcha
10992 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10996 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10998 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
11000 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
11002 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
11022 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
11023 printing and C<eval>
11035 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
11036 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
11037 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
11044 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
11046 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11047 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11048 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11049 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11050 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11051 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11052 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11053 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11054 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11055 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11056 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11057 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11058 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11059 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11060 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
11080 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11088 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11100 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
11122 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11132 =item Runtime debugging
11134 =item Memory footprint debugging
11142 =item A simple scalar string
11144 =item A simple scalar number
11146 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11148 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11150 =item A reference to an array
11152 =item A reference to a hash
11154 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11156 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11158 =item A reference to a subroutine
11172 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11182 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11190 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11194 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11195 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
11196 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11204 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11214 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11218 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
11219 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11231 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11243 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11255 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11256 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11257 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11262 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11263 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11269 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11277 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11278 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11279 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11280 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11287 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11300 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11308 =item Table of Contents
11320 =item PERL ENCODING API
11322 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11323 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11324 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11329 =item Listing available encodings
11331 =item Defining Aliases
11335 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11337 =item Handling Malformed Data
11339 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11340 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11341 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11342 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11347 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11351 =item Defining Encodings
11353 =item The UTF-8 flag
11355 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11359 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11361 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11371 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11379 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11384 =item Alias overloading
11392 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11406 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11408 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11424 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11426 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11428 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11442 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11452 =item Methods you should implement
11454 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11456 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11458 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11460 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11464 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11468 =item Compiled Encodings
11474 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11478 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11488 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11489 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11490 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11500 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
11510 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
11518 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11520 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
11522 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
11536 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
11538 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
11554 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
11560 =item How does it work?
11568 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11576 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
11584 =item Encoding Names
11588 =item Supported Encodings
11592 =item Built-in Encodings
11594 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11596 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11598 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11599 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11601 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11603 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11604 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11605 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11607 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11609 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11613 =item Unsupported encodings
11615 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11616 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11617 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11618 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11620 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11622 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11626 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11628 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11634 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11635 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11642 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11643 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11647 =item Other Notable Sites
11649 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11650 "Introduction to i18n"
11652 =item Offline sources
11654 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11660 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
11674 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
11690 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
11698 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
11700 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
11706 =item by endianness
11708 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
11712 =item Surrogate Pairs
11718 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
11727 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11732 =item Alias overloading
11740 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
11741 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11743 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
11746 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
11749 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
11750 Implementation Base Class
11760 =item Methods you should implement
11762 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11764 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11766 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11768 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11772 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11776 =item Compiled Encodings
11782 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11786 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
11797 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11798 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11799 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11809 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
11810 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11812 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
11815 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
11818 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
11819 and 'Q' header encoding
11835 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
11836 on Encode and PerlIO
11842 =item How does it work?
11850 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11858 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
11859 supported by Encode
11867 =item Encoding Names
11871 =item Supported Encodings
11875 =item Built-in Encodings
11877 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11879 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11881 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11882 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11884 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11886 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11887 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11888 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11890 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11892 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11896 =item Unsupported encodings
11898 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11899 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11900 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11901 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11903 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11905 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11909 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11911 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11917 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11918 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11925 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11926 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11930 =item Other Notable Sites
11932 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11933 "Introduction to i18n"
11935 =item Offline sources
11937 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11943 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11949 use Encode::Encoder;
11950 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11951 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11953 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11954 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11955 # you can stack them!
11956 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11957 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11958 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11960 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11962 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11970 =item Predefined Methods
11972 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11973 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11974 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11976 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11978 =item Operator Overloading
11986 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
11987 non-ascii or non-utf8
11997 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
11998 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
12006 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
12010 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
12012 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
12014 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
12016 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
12022 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12028 use Encode::Encoder;
12029 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
12030 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
12032 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
12033 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
12034 # you can stack them!
12035 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
12036 # you can use it as a decoder as well
12037 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
12039 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
12041 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
12049 =item Predefined Methods
12051 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12052 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12053 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12055 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12057 =item Operator Overloading
12065 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
12078 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12093 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12109 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12119 =item How to Export
12121 =item Selecting What To Export
12123 =item How to Import
12125 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12129 =item Advanced features
12133 =item Specialised Import Lists
12135 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12137 =item Module Version Checking
12139 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12141 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12143 =item Generating combined tags
12145 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12151 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12161 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12182 mv source... destination
12184 cp source... destination
12202 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12214 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12224 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12232 perl_stringify NAME
12236 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12238 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12242 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12250 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12253 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12255 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12257 WriteMakefileSnippet
12259 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12260 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12268 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12280 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12281 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12291 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12301 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12313 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12314 packlist(), version()
12322 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12330 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12331 dynamic extensions at load time
12337 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12347 =item VMS implementation
12349 =item Win32 implementation
12357 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12367 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12375 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12379 =item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED>
12393 file_name_is_absolute
12403 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12417 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12418 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12430 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12431 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12439 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
12443 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12453 =item Overridden methods
12455 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12469 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12470 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12512 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12513 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12529 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12530 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12544 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12554 =item Overridden methods
12556 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12570 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12584 =item SelfLoaded methods
12636 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
12684 maybe_command_in_dirs
12708 post_initialize (o)
12722 replace_manpage_separator
12736 test_via_harness (override)
12738 test_via_script (override)
12768 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12769 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12779 =item Methods always loaded
12791 guess_name (override)
12795 find_perl (override)
12797 maybe_command (override)
12799 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
12801 perl_script (override)
12803 replace_manpage_separator
12805 init_main (override)
12807 init_others (override)
12809 constants (override)
12813 const_cccmd (override)
12815 pm_to_blib (override)
12817 tool_autosplit (override)
12819 tool_sxubpp (override)
12821 xsubpp_version (override)
12823 tools_other (override)
12833 top_targets (override)
12837 dynamic_lib (override)
12839 dynamic_bs (override)
12841 static_lib (override)
12843 manifypods (override)
12845 processPL (override)
12847 installbin (override)
12849 subdir_x (override)
12853 realclean (override)
12855 dist_core (override)
12857 dist_test (override)
12861 perldepend (override)
12863 makefile (override)
12865 find_tests (override)
12869 makeaperl (override)
12871 nicetext (override)
12873 prefixify (override)
12875 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12876 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12898 tool_autosplit (override)
12914 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
12924 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
12934 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
12944 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
12946 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
12954 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
12958 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
12960 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
12962 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
12964 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
12966 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
12967 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
12968 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST,
12969 FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
12970 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
12971 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR,
12972 INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
12973 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
12974 INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB,
12975 LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS,
12976 MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT,
12977 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
12978 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
12979 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
12980 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
12981 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION,
12982 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
12984 =item Additional lowercase attributes
12986 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
12989 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
12991 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
12993 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
12995 =item Hintsfile support
12997 =item Distribution Support
12999 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
13000 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
13001 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
13003 =item Disabling an extension
13009 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
13017 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
13025 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
13029 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
13033 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
13034 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
13038 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
13046 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
13058 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
13068 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
13077 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
13085 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13097 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13105 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13115 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13127 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13137 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13141 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
13149 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
13153 C<basename>, C<dirname>
13157 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
13171 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
13185 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
13195 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
13197 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
13209 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
13219 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
13231 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
13239 B<find>, B<finddepth>
13245 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
13246 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
13247 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
13249 =item The wanted function
13251 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
13252 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
13253 pathname to the file
13261 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
13269 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
13277 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
13278 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
13279 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
13283 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
13291 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
13303 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
13313 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
13314 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
13315 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
13323 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
13333 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
13351 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
13369 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
13397 file_name_is_absolute
13427 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
13437 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
13470 file_name_is_absolute
13492 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
13508 =item Methods always loaded
13510 canonpath (override)
13528 case_tolerant (override)
13532 file_name_is_absolute (override)
13534 splitpath (override)
13536 splitdir (override)
13550 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
13576 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
13586 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
13610 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
13624 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
13634 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
13642 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
13650 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
13652 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
13664 =item Temporary files and NFS
13676 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
13690 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
13698 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
13706 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
13714 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
13720 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
13734 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
13736 =item All-in-one interface
13738 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
13740 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
13743 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
13745 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
13746 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
13747 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
13749 described in the previous section.
13751 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
13753 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
13765 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
13775 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
13779 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
13781 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
13789 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
13791 =item Example 2: Using the context
13793 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
13795 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
13799 =item Filter::Simple
13807 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
13815 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
13827 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
13843 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
13851 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
13853 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
13857 =item Simple options
13859 =item A little bit less simple options
13861 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
13863 =item Options with values
13865 =item Options with multiple values
13867 =item Options with hash values
13869 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
13871 =item Options with multiple names
13873 =item Case and abbreviations
13875 =item Summary of Option Specifications
13877 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
13882 =item Advanced Possibilities
13886 =item Object oriented interface
13888 =item Thread Safety
13890 =item Documentation and help texts
13892 =item Storing options in a hash
13896 =item The lonesome dash
13898 =item Argument callback
13902 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
13904 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
13905 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
13906 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
13907 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
13908 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
13910 =item Return values and Errors
13916 =item Default destinations
13918 =item Alternative option starters
13920 =item Configuration variables
13924 =item Trouble Shooting
13928 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
13930 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
13933 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
13935 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
13941 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13945 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
13956 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
13966 =item Restricted hashes
13968 lock_keys, unlock_keys
13974 lock_value, unlock_value
13976 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
13986 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
13997 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
14008 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
14010 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
14012 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14014 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14016 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
14018 the function super_languages($lang1)
14020 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
14022 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
14024 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
14026 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
14030 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
14032 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
14042 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
14050 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
14052 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
14054 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
14055 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
14056 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
14057 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
14058 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
14059 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
14060 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
14061 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
14062 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
14063 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
14064 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
14065 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
14066 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
14067 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
14068 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
14069 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
14070 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
14071 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
14072 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
14073 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
14074 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
14075 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
14076 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
14077 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
14078 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
14079 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
14080 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
14081 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
14082 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
14083 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
14084 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
14085 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
14086 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
14087 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
14088 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
14089 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
14090 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
14091 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
14092 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
14093 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
14094 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
14095 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
14096 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
14097 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
14098 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
14099 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
14100 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
14101 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
14102 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
14103 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
14104 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
14105 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
14106 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
14107 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14108 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
14109 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
14110 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
14111 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
14112 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
14113 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
14114 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
14115 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
14116 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
14117 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
14118 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
14119 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
14120 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
14121 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
14122 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
14123 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
14124 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
14125 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
14126 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
14127 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
14128 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
14129 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
14130 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
14131 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
14132 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
14133 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
14134 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
14135 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
14136 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
14137 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
14138 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
14139 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
14140 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
14141 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
14142 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
14143 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
14144 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
14145 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
14146 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
14147 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
14148 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
14149 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
14150 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
14151 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
14152 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
14153 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
14154 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
14155 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
14156 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
14157 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
14158 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
14159 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
14160 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
14161 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
14162 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
14163 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
14164 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
14165 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
14166 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
14167 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
14168 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
14169 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
14170 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
14171 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
14172 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
14176 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14182 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
14200 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14204 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
14214 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
14222 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14223 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14233 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14243 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14247 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14255 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
14265 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14269 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14270 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14271 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14272 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14284 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14294 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14298 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14308 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14318 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14319 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14329 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
14337 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14338 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14347 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
14357 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14361 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14362 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14363 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14373 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
14387 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14388 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14398 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
14414 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14427 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
14441 hostpath(), peerpath()
14451 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
14460 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14461 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14471 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14481 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14485 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14493 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
14504 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14508 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14509 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14510 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14511 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14523 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14533 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14537 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14547 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14557 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14558 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14568 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
14577 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14578 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14587 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
14598 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14602 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14603 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14604 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14614 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
14629 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14630 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14640 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
14641 AF_INET domain sockets
14657 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14670 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
14671 AF_UNIX domain sockets
14685 hostpath(), peerpath()
14695 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14705 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14706 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14717 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
14731 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
14744 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
14754 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14755 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14756 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14767 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
14785 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14795 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14796 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14807 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
14818 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14819 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14820 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14831 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
14839 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14840 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14844 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14850 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
14851 general-utility list subroutines
14859 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14860 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14864 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14870 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
14871 general-utility scalar subroutines
14879 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
14880 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14890 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
14898 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14902 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
14910 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
14918 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14920 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14922 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14923 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14925 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14927 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
14929 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
14935 =item rename_country
14943 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14947 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
14948 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
14949 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
14950 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
14958 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
14959 identification (ISO 4217)
14969 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14971 code2currency(), currency2code()
14973 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14975 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
14979 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14983 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
14984 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
14992 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
15001 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15003 code2language(), language2code()
15005 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15007 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
15011 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15015 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
15016 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
15024 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
15032 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15038 =item Construction Methods
15040 =item The "maketext" Method
15042 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
15044 =item Utility Methods
15046 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
15047 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
15048 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
15049 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
15051 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
15055 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
15057 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
15059 =item BRACKET NOTATION
15061 =item AUTO LEXICONS
15063 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
15065 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
15069 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15075 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
15083 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
15087 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
15089 =item The Linguistic View
15091 =item Breaking gettext
15093 =item Replacing gettext
15095 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
15097 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
15099 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
15101 =item Buzzword: Concision
15103 =item The Devil in the Details
15105 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
15113 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
15121 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15125 =item SPECIAL CODES
15129 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15131 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15132 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15134 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15136 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
15140 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15144 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
15145 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
15153 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
15161 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
15165 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
15173 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
15174 of quoted-printable strings
15182 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15188 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
15197 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15203 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
15213 =item Canonical notation
15217 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
15219 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
15223 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
15224 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
15232 =item Autocreating constants
15238 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
15246 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
15254 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
15262 Canonical notation, Input, Output
15284 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
15286 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
15288 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
15289 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
15291 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
15377 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
15387 =item Rounding mode R
15389 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
15390 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
15391 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
15404 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
15412 =item Autocreating constants
15418 =item Alternative math libraries
15424 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
15432 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
15438 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
15442 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
15443 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
15444 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
15454 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
15464 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
15468 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
15470 the same terms as Perl itself.
15478 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
15500 =item denominator()
15502 $d = $x->denominator();
15512 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
15526 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
15539 =item STRINGIFICATION
15543 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
15549 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
15551 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
15559 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
15567 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
15573 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
15575 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
15579 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15581 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
15585 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
15587 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15589 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
15590 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
15594 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
15600 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
15610 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
15628 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
15630 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
15634 =item OTHER FACILITIES
15640 =item C<flush_cache>
15646 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
15648 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
15656 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15662 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
15671 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
15682 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
15694 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15702 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15710 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
15719 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
15728 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
15736 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
15744 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15750 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15754 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15758 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
15768 =item Enforcing redispatch
15770 =item Avoiding repetitions
15776 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15782 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
15792 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
15795 =item CLASS METHODS
15797 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
15798 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
15799 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
15809 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
15819 requires_firewall HOST
15821 =item NetConfig VALUES
15823 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
15824 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
15825 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
15829 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
15838 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
15846 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
15858 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
15862 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
15863 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
15864 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
15865 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
15866 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
15867 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
15868 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
15869 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
15870 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
15871 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
15872 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
15873 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
15874 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
15878 =item Methods for the adventurous
15884 =item THE dataconn CLASS
15886 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
15887 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
15889 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
15891 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
15893 =item REPORTING BUGS
15901 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
15909 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
15919 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
15923 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
15924 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
15925 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
15926 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
15927 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
15928 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
15929 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
15933 =item Extension methods
15935 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
15936 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
15937 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
15938 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
15947 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
15957 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
15969 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
15973 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
15974 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
15975 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
15976 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
15988 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
16000 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->source_verify( {
16001 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host
16002 [, $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [,
16017 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
16029 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
16033 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
16034 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
16035 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
16036 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
16037 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
16038 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
16051 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
16059 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
16060 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
16068 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
16085 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
16093 =item Where to get this document
16095 =item How to contribute to this document
16099 =item Author and Copyright Information
16107 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
16111 =item What is libnet ?
16113 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
16115 =item What other modules do I need ?
16117 =item What machines support libnet ?
16119 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
16123 =item Using Net::FTP
16127 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
16129 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
16131 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
16133 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
16136 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
16138 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
16140 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
16142 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
16144 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
16146 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
16149 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
16151 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
16154 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
16157 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
16161 =item Using Net::SMTP
16165 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
16168 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
16170 =item The verify method always returns true ?
16174 =item Debugging scripts
16178 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
16182 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
16186 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
16203 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
16218 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
16235 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
16243 =item THE .netrc FILE
16245 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
16250 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
16254 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
16264 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
16274 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16282 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
16290 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16296 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16300 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16304 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
16316 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
16318 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
16319 or optag, an operator set (opset)
16321 =item Opcode Functions
16323 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
16324 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
16325 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
16328 =item Manipulating Opsets
16330 =item TO DO (maybe)
16336 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
16338 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
16339 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
16340 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
16349 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
16358 a new namespace, an operator mask
16364 =item RECENT CHANGES
16366 =item Methods in class Safe
16368 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16369 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16370 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16371 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16373 =item Some Safety Issues
16375 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16383 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
16396 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
16410 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
16411 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
16412 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
16413 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
16414 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
16415 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
16416 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
16417 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
16418 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
16419 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
16420 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
16421 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
16422 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
16423 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
16424 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
16425 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
16426 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
16427 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
16428 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
16429 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
16430 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
16431 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
16432 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
16433 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
16434 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
16441 =item POSIX::SigAction
16445 =item POSIX::SigSet
16447 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
16449 =item POSIX::Termios
16451 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
16452 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
16453 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
16454 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
16455 values, c_oflag field values
16459 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
16463 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
16467 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
16521 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
16522 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
16526 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
16535 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop
16539 =item Alternatives to raw
16541 =item Defaults and how to override them
16551 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
16563 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
16573 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
16581 =item EXPECTED METHODS
16583 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
16584 $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]),
16585 $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]),
16586 $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh),
16587 $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh),
16588 $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh),
16589 $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh),
16596 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
16602 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
16616 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
16622 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
16628 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
16640 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
16641 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
16642 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
16643 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
16644 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
16645 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
16646 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
16647 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
16652 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
16653 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
16654 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
16655 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
16656 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
16657 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
16661 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
16662 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
16674 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
16676 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
16679 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
16681 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
16683 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
16685 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
16687 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
16695 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
16707 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
16709 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
16716 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
16722 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
16724 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
16731 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
16743 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
16753 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
16754 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
16769 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
16782 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
16783 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
16789 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
16813 =item B<was_cutting()>
16819 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
16825 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
16831 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16837 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
16843 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16849 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
16855 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
16861 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16867 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16873 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
16879 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
16885 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16891 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16897 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
16903 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
16909 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16915 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
16921 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
16927 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16933 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16939 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
16945 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
16951 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
16957 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
16963 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
16969 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16975 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
16981 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16987 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
16999 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
17011 =item OBJECT METHODS
17019 =item Data Accessors
17035 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
17037 B<StartWithNewPage>
17051 =item Subclassed methods
17065 B<interior_sequence>
17081 =item Methods for headings
17089 =item Internal methods
17095 B<_replace_special_chars>
17097 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
17103 B<_clean_latex_commands>
17105 B<_split_delimited>
17121 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
17129 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
17134 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
17135 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
17136 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
17147 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17151 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
17163 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17167 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
17181 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
17189 $list-E<gt>indent()
17197 $list-E<gt>parent()
17203 =item Pod::Hyperlink
17205 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
17209 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
17211 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
17215 $link-E<gt>warning()
17217 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
17223 $link-E<gt>alttext()
17233 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
17239 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
17243 =item Pod::Cache::Item
17245 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
17249 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
17251 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
17253 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
17255 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
17257 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
17259 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
17261 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
17271 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
17283 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
17285 =item PARSING OPTIONS
17287 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
17288 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
17294 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17302 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17308 =item B<verbatim()>
17310 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17316 =item B<textblock()>
17318 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17324 =item B<interior_sequence()>
17330 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17342 =item B<initialize()>
17348 =item B<begin_pod()>
17354 =item B<begin_input()>
17360 =item B<end_input()>
17372 =item B<preprocess_line()>
17378 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
17384 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
17390 =item B<parse_text()>
17392 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
17393 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
17394 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
17400 =item B<interpolate()>
17406 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
17412 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
17418 =item B<parse_from_file()>
17424 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
17430 =item B<errorsub()>
17442 =item B<parseopts()>
17448 =item B<output_file()>
17454 =item B<output_handle()>
17460 =item B<input_file()>
17466 =item B<input_handle()>
17472 =item B<input_streams()>
17478 =item B<top_stream()>
17484 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17490 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
17496 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
17502 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
17510 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
17530 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
17543 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
17545 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
17551 =item OBJECT METHODS
17557 =item B<curr_headings()>
17569 =item B<add_selection()>
17575 =item B<clear_selections()>
17581 =item B<match_section()>
17587 =item B<is_selected()>
17593 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
17599 =item B<podselect()>
17601 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
17607 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17613 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
17619 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
17625 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
17637 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
17645 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
17649 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
17650 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
17651 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
17662 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17666 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
17680 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17684 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
17699 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17703 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
17718 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17722 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
17731 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
17740 =item Recommended Use
17748 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17752 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
17759 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17763 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
17767 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17771 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
17777 =item OVER AND ITEMS
17779 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
17782 =item FORMATTING CODES
17784 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
17792 =head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
17800 =head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
17808 =item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF
17814 foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2
17821 =item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
17823 =item TESTING URLs hyperlinking
17829 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
17837 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17843 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17847 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17851 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
17859 a new namespace, an operator mask
17865 =item RECENT CHANGES
17867 =item Methods in class Safe
17869 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17870 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17871 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17872 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17874 =item Some Safety Issues
17876 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17884 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
17892 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
17893 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
17903 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
17913 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
17923 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
17933 =item The __DATA__ token
17935 =item SelfLoader autoloading
17937 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
17939 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
17941 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
17943 =item Classes and inherited methods.
17947 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
17951 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
17961 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
17969 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
17970 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
17978 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
17979 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
17980 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
17981 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
17982 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
17986 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
17996 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
18000 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
18002 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
18004 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
18006 =item ERROR REPORTING
18014 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
18019 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
18020 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
18028 =item Storable magic
18038 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
18050 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
18064 =item Allowing fall-through
18066 =item Automating fall-through
18068 =item Alternative syntax
18070 =item Higher-order Operations
18086 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
18096 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
18108 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
18109 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18117 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18118 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18119 in 5.004_02), closelog
18129 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
18130 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18138 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18139 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18140 in 5.004_02), closelog
18150 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
18160 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
18161 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
18162 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
18166 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
18176 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18180 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
18196 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
18198 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18200 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18202 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
18210 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18218 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
18226 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
18236 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
18237 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
18245 =item Minimal set of supported functions
18247 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
18248 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
18250 =item Additional supported functions
18252 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
18262 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
18288 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
18292 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18302 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
18322 =item Setting up tests
18338 =item Running tests
18344 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
18346 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
18372 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
18384 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
18388 =item Test Status and Info
18396 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
18420 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
18430 =item The test script output
18432 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
18433 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
18438 =item Configuration variables.
18440 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
18444 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
18471 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
18472 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
18473 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
18474 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
18478 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
18479 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
18480 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
18494 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
18520 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
18530 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
18568 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
18584 B<_reset_file_state>
18604 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
18614 =item I love it when a plan comes together
18624 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
18664 =item Conditional tests
18670 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
18672 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
18676 =item Comparison functions
18690 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
18700 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18702 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
18715 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
18739 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
18748 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
18756 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
18758 =item Where to start?
18762 =item Test the manual
18764 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
18766 =item Testing lots of values
18768 =item Informative names
18770 =item Skipping tests
18774 =item Testing with taint mode.
18786 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
18798 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
18808 =item General behaviour in list contexts
18812 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
18814 =item A note about prefixes
18816 =item C<extract_delimited>
18818 =item C<extract_bracketed>
18820 =item C<extract_tagged>
18822 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
18823 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
18825 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
18827 =item C<extract_quotelike>
18829 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
18831 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
18833 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
18835 =item C<extract_codeblock>
18837 =item C<extract_multiple>
18839 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
18845 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
18846 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
18847 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
18848 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
18849 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
18850 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
18851 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
18852 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
18853 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
18854 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
18855 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
18856 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
18861 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
18867 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
18882 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
18899 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
18914 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
18930 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
18942 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
18943 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
18944 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
18948 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
18956 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
18964 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18966 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
18972 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
18980 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18982 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
18986 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
19001 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
19011 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
19019 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
19020 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
19021 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
19022 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
19030 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
19050 =item Option Format
19054 =item Public Methods
19062 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
19066 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
19068 =item Deferred Writing
19072 =item Autodeferring
19080 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
19094 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
19103 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
19104 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
19105 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
19106 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
19108 =item MORE INFORMATION
19110 =item COMPATIBILITY
19114 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
19123 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
19124 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
19126 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
19128 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
19130 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
19132 =item MORE INFORMATION
19136 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
19144 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
19154 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
19172 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
19181 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
19183 =item MORE INFORMATION
19187 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
19199 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
19208 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
19209 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
19210 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
19211 getitimer ( $which )
19227 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
19235 =item IMPLEMENTATION
19241 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
19256 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
19271 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
19283 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
19291 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
19292 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
19296 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
19306 =item Constructor and Tailoring
19308 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
19309 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
19310 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
19312 =item Methods for Collation
19314 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
19315 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
19316 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
19317 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
19318 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
19319 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
19320 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
19321 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
19322 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
19324 =item Other Methods
19326 UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
19342 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/,
19343 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
19344 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19345 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L<Unicode::Normalize>
19349 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
19359 =item Normalization Forms
19361 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
19362 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
19363 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
19365 =item Decomposition and Composition
19367 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
19368 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
19369 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
19373 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
19374 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
19375 check($form_name, $string)>
19377 =item Character Data
19379 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
19380 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
19381 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
19382 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
19383 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
19384 C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
19385 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
19395 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19396 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
19400 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
19442 =item Blocks versus Scripts
19444 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
19446 =item Code Point Arguments
19472 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
19478 =item Implementation Note
19490 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
19505 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
19516 =item System Specifics
19530 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
19538 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
19540 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
19541 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
19542 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
19543 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
19544 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
19545 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
19546 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
19547 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
19548 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
19549 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
19550 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
19551 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
19552 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
19553 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
19554 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
19555 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
19556 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
19562 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
19574 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
19576 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
19577 don't all have manual pages yet:
19603 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles