4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
21 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
22 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
23 Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
24 implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
25 expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
41 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/04/24
46 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
47 About Perl, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L<perlfaq3>:
48 Programming Tools, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, L<perlfaq5>: Files and
49 Formats, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues,
50 L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, L<perlfaq9>: Networking
54 =item Where to get this document
56 =item How to contribute to this document
58 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
65 =item Author and Copyright Information
69 =item Noncommercial Reproduction
71 =item Commercial Reproduction
79 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
80 Initial Release: 11/March/97
82 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
83 1997/04/24 22:43:34 $)
91 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
93 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
95 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
97 =item How stable is Perl?
99 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
101 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
104 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
106 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
108 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
110 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
112 =item What is a JAPH?
114 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
116 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
117 (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
121 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
123 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.16 $,
124 $Date: 1997/04/23 18:04:09 $)
130 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
132 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
134 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
136 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
139 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
140 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
142 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
143 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
145 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
147 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
149 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
151 =item Where should I post source code?
155 =item Perl in Magazines
157 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
159 =item What mailing lists are there for perl?
161 MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
163 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
167 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
169 =item Where do I send bug reports?
171 =item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
173 =item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
177 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
179 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
186 =item How do I do (anything)?
188 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
190 =item Is there a Perl shell?
192 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
194 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
196 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
198 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
200 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
202 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
204 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
206 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
208 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
210 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
212 =item Can I dynamically load C routines into Perl?
214 =item What is undump?
216 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
218 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
220 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
222 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
224 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
226 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
228 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
230 =item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
232 =item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
234 =item Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
236 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
238 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
240 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
242 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
243 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
245 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
248 =item What's MakeMaker?
252 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
254 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
263 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
264 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
266 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
268 =item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()?
271 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
273 =item How do I multiply matrices?
275 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
277 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
279 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
287 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
289 =item How can I compare two date strings?
291 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
293 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
295 =item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
303 =item How do I validate input?
305 =item How do I unescape a string?
307 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
309 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
311 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
313 =item How do I reverse a string?
315 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
317 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
319 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
321 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
323 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
326 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
328 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
329 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
331 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
333 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
335 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
337 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
339 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
341 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
343 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
344 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
353 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
355 =item How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
357 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:, b) If you don't know
358 whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:,
359 d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in
360 contains only small positive integers:
362 =item How can I tell whether an array contains a certain element?
364 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
365 intersection of two arrays?
367 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
369 =item How do I handle linked lists?
371 =item How do I handle circular lists?
373 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
375 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
377 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
379 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
381 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
383 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
385 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
389 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
393 =item How do I process an entire hash?
395 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
398 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
400 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
402 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
404 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
406 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
408 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
410 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
412 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
414 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
416 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
418 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
421 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
422 array of hashes or arrays?
424 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
432 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
434 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
436 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
438 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
440 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
442 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
446 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
448 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
455 =item How do I flush/unbuffer a filehandle? Why must I do this?
457 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
458 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
460 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
462 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
464 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
466 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
467 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
469 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
471 =item How can I write() into a string?
473 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
475 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
477 =item How come when I open the file read-write it wipes it out?
479 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
481 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
483 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
485 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
487 =item How can I lock a file?
489 =item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
491 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
492 the file. How can I do this?
494 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
496 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
498 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
500 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
502 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
504 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
506 =item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
508 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
510 =item How do I create a file only if it doesn't exist?
512 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
514 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
516 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
518 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
519 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
521 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
523 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
524 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
526 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
530 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
532 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:10 $)
538 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
539 and unmaintainable code?
541 Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
544 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
546 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
549 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
551 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
554 =item How can I make C<\w> match accented characters?
556 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
558 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
560 =item What is C</o> really for?
562 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
565 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
567 =item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
569 =item How do I process each word on each line?
571 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
573 =item How can I do approximate matching?
575 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
577 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
579 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
581 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
583 =item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
585 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
587 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
591 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
593 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date:
594 1997/04/24 22:44:14 $)
600 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
602 =item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
605 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
608 =item How do I skip some return values?
610 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
612 =item What's an extension?
614 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
616 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
618 =item How do I create a module?
620 =item How do I create a class?
622 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
624 =item What's a closure?
626 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
628 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
631 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps,
634 =item How do I create a static variable?
636 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
637 Between local() and my()?
639 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
642 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
644 =item Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
646 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
648 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
650 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
652 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
654 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
656 =item How can I find out my current package?
658 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
662 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
664 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
671 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
673 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
675 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
677 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
679 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
681 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
683 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
685 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
687 =item How do I start a process in the background?
689 STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
691 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
693 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
695 =item How do I set the time and date?
697 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
699 =item How can I measure time under a second?
701 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
703 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
704 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
706 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
708 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
710 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
712 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
714 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
716 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
718 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
720 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
722 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
724 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
727 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
729 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
731 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
733 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
736 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
737 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
738 changes to be visible?
742 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
745 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
747 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
749 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
751 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
753 =item How do I set CPU limits?
755 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
757 =item How do I use an SQL database?
759 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
761 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
763 =item How do I install a CPAN module?
765 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
767 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
770 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
774 =item How do I get one key from the terminal at a time, under POSIX?
776 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
782 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
785 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
787 =item How do I extract URLs?
789 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
790 file on another machine?
792 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
794 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
796 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
798 =item How do I redirect to another page?
800 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
802 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
804 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
805 CGI script to do bad things?
807 =item How do I parse an email header?
809 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
811 =item How do I check a valid email address?
813 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
815 =item How do I return the user's email address?
817 =item How do I send/read mail?
819 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
821 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
823 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
825 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
829 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
831 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 1997/04/23 18:12:06
838 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
841 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
843 =item How do I extract URLs?
845 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
846 file on another machine?
848 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
850 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
852 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
854 =item How do I redirect to another page?
856 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
858 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
860 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
861 CGI script to do bad things?
863 =item How do I parse an email header?
865 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
867 =item How do I check a valid email address?
869 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
871 =item How do I return the user's email address?
873 =item How do I send/read mail?
875 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
877 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
879 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
881 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
885 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
887 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
891 =item Supported Environments
897 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
899 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
901 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
903 =item More precise warnings
905 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
907 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
909 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
911 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
913 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
915 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
917 =item Changes to tainting checks
919 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
920 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
922 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
924 =item Embedding improvements
926 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
928 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
930 =item New and changed syntax
934 =item New and changed builtin constants
938 =item New and changed builtin variables
942 =item New and changed builtin functions
944 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
945 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
946 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
947 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
948 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
950 =item New builtin methods
952 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
954 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
956 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
957 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
959 =item Malloc enhancements
961 -DDEBUGGING_MSTATS, -DEMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
963 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
967 =item Support for More Operating Systems
983 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
984 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
990 =item Required Updates
992 =item Installation directories
994 =item Module information summary
1008 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
1012 =item Utility Changes
1018 Sends converted HTML to standard output
1022 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
1026 =item C Language API Changes
1028 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
1031 =item Documentation Changes
1033 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
1034 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
1036 =item New Diagnostics
1038 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
1039 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
1040 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
1041 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
1042 Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s
1043 ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s'
1044 in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s
1045 undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting
1046 pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage
1047 return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number,
1048 Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid
1049 conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack:
1050 '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in
1051 formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during
1052 request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw()
1053 list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s}
1054 better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s'
1055 overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for "B<-T>" option, untie
1056 attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s,
1057 Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is
1058 deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may
1059 be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's
1060 wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from
1061 DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process
1070 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1076 =item Variable names
1082 =item Scalar value constructors
1084 =item List value constructors
1086 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1090 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1098 =item Simple statements
1100 =item Compound statements
1108 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1112 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1114 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1118 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1126 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1128 =item The Arrow Operator
1130 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1132 =item Exponentiation
1134 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1136 =item Binding Operators
1138 =item Multiplicative Operators
1140 =item Additive Operators
1142 =item Shift Operators
1144 =item Named Unary Operators
1146 =item Relational Operators
1148 =item Equality Operators
1152 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1154 =item C-style Logical And
1156 =item C-style Logical Or
1158 =item Range Operator
1160 =item Conditional Operator
1162 =item Assignment Operators
1164 =item Comma Operator
1166 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1172 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
1174 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1176 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1178 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1180 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1182 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1183 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1184 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1185 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
1189 =item Constant Folding
1191 =item Integer Arithmetic
1193 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1197 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1205 =item Regular Expressions
1207 (?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
1211 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1213 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
1219 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1227 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1229 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
1233 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
1234 B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1235 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1236 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1237 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1238 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
1244 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB,
1245 PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1247 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1251 I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
1255 =item Perl Functions by Category
1257 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1258 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1259 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1260 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1261 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1262 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1263 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1264 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1265 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1266 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1269 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1271 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1272 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1273 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1274 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1275 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1276 close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
1277 cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE,
1278 defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
1279 SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (),
1280 eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR,
1281 exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
1282 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
1283 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
1284 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
1285 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
1286 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
1287 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
1288 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
1289 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
1290 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
1291 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
1292 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
1293 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
1294 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
1295 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst
1296 EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
1297 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log EXPR, log, lstat
1298 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir
1299 FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS,
1300 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST,
1301 oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1302 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, pipe
1303 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
1304 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
1305 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
1306 qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
1307 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir
1308 DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo
1309 LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require,
1310 reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
1311 rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
1312 scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
1313 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
1314 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1315 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1316 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1317 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1318 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1319 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1320 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1321 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1322 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1323 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1324 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1325 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET,
1326 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
1327 sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1328 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1329 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, syswrite
1330 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell
1331 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
1332 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
1333 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
1334 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
1335 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST,
1336 use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1337 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1341 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1347 =item Predefined Names
1349 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1350 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
1351 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1352 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
1353 $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1354 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
1355 $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1356 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1357 format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1358 format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
1359 EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1360 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1361 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1362 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1363 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1364 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1365 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1366 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME,
1367 $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
1368 $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}, $^M
1372 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1380 =item Private Variables via my()
1382 =item Temporary Values via local()
1384 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1386 =item Pass by Reference
1390 =item Constant Functions
1392 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
1400 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
1410 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1420 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
1424 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1428 =item Pragmatic Modules
1430 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics, integer, less,
1431 lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap, strict, subs, vmsish, vars
1433 =item Standard Modules
1435 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
1436 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
1437 DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
1438 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
1439 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
1440 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fcntl,
1441 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find,
1442 File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
1443 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle,
1444 IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
1445 Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File,
1446 Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode,
1447 Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader,
1448 Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap,
1449 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
1450 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash,
1451 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
1452 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
1454 =item Extension Modules
1460 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1461 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1462 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1463 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1464 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1465 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1466 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1467 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1468 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1469 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1470 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1471 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1472 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
1475 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1479 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1481 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1482 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1483 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1484 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1485 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1486 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1487 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1488 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1489 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1490 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1491 care when changing a released module
1493 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1495 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
1496 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
1497 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
1498 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
1500 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1502 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
1503 applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
1504 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
1505 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
1506 can then be reduced to a small
1512 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1518 =item Format Variables
1528 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1534 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1539 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1545 =item The use locale pragma
1547 =item The setlocale function
1549 =item The localeconv function
1553 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1557 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1559 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1561 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1563 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1567 =item Other categories
1573 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
1574 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
1575 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
1576 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
1577 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
1578 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
1579 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
1580 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
1581 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
1586 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
1593 =item Backward compatibility
1595 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1597 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1599 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1601 =item Freely available locale definitions
1605 =item An imperfect standard
1613 =item Broken systems
1621 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1627 =item Symbolic references
1629 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1637 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
1641 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
1642 more elaborate constructs
1646 =item COMMON MISTAKES
1648 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
1650 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
1656 =item LISTS OF LISTS
1660 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
1662 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
1664 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
1668 =item HASHES OF LISTS
1672 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
1674 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
1676 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
1680 =item LISTS OF HASHES
1684 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
1686 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
1688 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
1692 =item HASHES OF HASHES
1696 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
1698 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
1700 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
1704 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1708 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1710 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1712 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1722 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
1726 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
1728 =item Growing Your Own
1730 =item Access and Printing
1738 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1742 =item Creating a Class
1746 =item Object Representation
1748 =item Class Interface
1750 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1752 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1756 =item Other Object Methods
1764 =item Accessing Class Data
1766 =item Debugging Methods
1768 =item Class Destructors
1770 =item Documenting the Interface
1780 =item Overridden Methods
1782 =item Multiple Inheritance
1784 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1788 =item Alternate Object Representations
1792 =item Arrays as Objects
1794 =item Closures as Objects
1798 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1802 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1804 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1808 =item Metaclassical Tools
1814 =item Data Members as Variables
1818 =item Object Terminology
1828 =item Acknowledgments
1832 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1838 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1840 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1842 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1844 =item Method Invocation
1846 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1848 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1856 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1862 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1872 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
1876 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1881 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1882 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1883 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
1885 =item Tying FileHandles
1887 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
1888 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
1890 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1900 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1904 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1906 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1908 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1910 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1912 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1914 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1916 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1918 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1920 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1922 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1926 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1927 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1935 =item Using open() for IPC
1941 =item Background Processes
1943 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1945 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1947 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1951 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1955 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1957 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1961 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1965 =item A Simple Client
1967 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1969 =item A Webget Client
1971 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1975 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1977 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1979 =item UDP: Message Passing
1991 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1995 =item The Perl Debugger
1999 =item Debugger Commands
2001 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
2002 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
2003 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
2004 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
2005 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
2006 command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C<recallCommand>,
2007 C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>,
2008 C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
2009 C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>,
2010 C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
2011 C<DumpPackages>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>,
2012 C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command,
2013 E<gt> command, E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, !
2014 -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, =
2015 [alias value], command, m expr, m package
2017 =item Debugger input/output
2019 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
2021 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2023 =item Debugger Customization
2025 =item Readline Support
2027 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2029 =item The Perl Profiler
2031 =item Debugger support in perl
2033 =item Debugger Internals
2035 =item Other resources
2041 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2045 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2051 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2053 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2055 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2059 =item Protecting Your Programs
2063 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
2079 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
2081 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
2082 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
2083 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
2084 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
2086 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
2088 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
2089 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
2090 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
2094 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
2096 =item Numerical Traps
2098 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
2100 =item General data type traps
2102 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
2103 (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
2105 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
2107 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
2109 =item Precedence Traps
2111 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
2114 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
2116 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
2117 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
2118 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
2120 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
2122 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
2128 =item Interpolation Traps
2130 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
2131 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2137 =item Unclassified Traps
2143 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
2147 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
2151 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2153 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
2159 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
2163 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2171 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
2172 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
2176 =item Compiling your C program
2178 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2180 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2182 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2184 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
2186 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2188 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2190 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2192 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2203 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2209 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
2210 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
2211 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
2212 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
2213 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(s,f)>,
2214 B<PerlIO_putc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
2215 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
2216 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
2217 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
2218 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
2222 =item Co-existence with stdio
2224 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
2225 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
2226 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
2227 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
2228 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
2229 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
2233 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2243 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
2245 =item The Argument Stack
2247 =item The RETVAL Variable
2249 =item The MODULE Keyword
2251 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
2253 =item The PREFIX Keyword
2255 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
2257 =item The CODE: Keyword
2259 =item The INIT: Keyword
2261 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
2263 =item Initializing Function Parameters
2265 =item Default Parameter Values
2267 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
2269 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
2271 =item The INPUT: Keyword
2273 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
2275 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
2277 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
2279 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
2281 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
2283 =item The BOOT: Keyword
2285 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
2287 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
2289 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
2291 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
2293 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
2295 =item The CASE: Keyword
2297 =item The & Unary Operator
2299 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
2301 =item Using XS With C++
2303 =item Interface Strategy
2305 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
2317 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
2323 =item VERSION CAVEAT
2325 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
2331 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
2333 =item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
2337 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
2339 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
2341 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
2343 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
2349 =item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
2351 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
2353 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
2355 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
2357 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
2359 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
2369 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
2379 =item What is an "IV"?
2381 =item Working with SVs
2383 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
2385 =item Working with AVs
2387 =item Working with HVs
2389 =item Hash API Extensions
2393 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
2395 =item Creating New Variables
2397 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
2399 =item Stashes and Globs
2401 =item Double-Typed SVs
2403 =item Magic Variables
2405 =item Assigning Magic
2407 =item Magic Virtual Tables
2417 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
2419 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
2421 =item Memory Allocation
2425 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
2429 =item Scratchpads and recursion
2439 =item Examining the tree
2441 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
2443 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
2445 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
2447 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
2453 AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
2454 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
2455 DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
2456 dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
2457 GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
2458 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH,
2459 HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
2460 hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent,
2461 hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv,
2462 hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
2463 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
2464 isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
2465 mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
2466 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
2467 newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
2468 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
2469 perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv,
2470 perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
2471 perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
2472 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
2473 saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
2474 strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
2475 sv_catpvn, sv_catpvf, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec,
2476 sv_dec, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
2477 SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
2478 sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
2479 SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
2480 SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
2481 SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
2482 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
2483 sv_setpvf, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
2484 sv_setsv, SvSTASH, SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG,
2485 SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref,
2486 sv_usepvn, sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
2487 XPUSHs, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
2488 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV,
2489 XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
2496 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
2500 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
2502 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
2504 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
2524 =item Determining the Context
2528 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
2534 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
2536 =item Passing Parameters
2538 =item Returning a Scalar
2540 =item Returning a list of values
2542 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
2544 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
2548 =item Using G_KEEPERR
2550 =item Using perl_call_sv
2552 =item Using perl_call_argv
2554 =item Using perl_call_method
2558 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
2560 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
2562 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
2563 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
2566 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
2568 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
2578 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
2580 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
2594 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
2604 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
2612 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
2620 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
2629 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
2631 =item The I<splain> Program
2643 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
2650 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
2656 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
2664 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
2666 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
2668 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
2676 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
2683 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
2691 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
2695 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
2701 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
2703 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
2705 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
2707 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
2709 =item Overloadable Operations
2711 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
2712 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
2713 and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
2715 =item Inheritance and overloading
2717 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
2718 is inherited by derived classes
2722 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
2730 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
2732 =item Copy Constructor
2738 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
2740 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
2741 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
2742 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
2746 =item Run-time Overloading
2748 =item Public functions
2750 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
2752 =item IMPLEMENTATION
2760 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
2770 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
2772 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
2776 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
2780 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
2786 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
2792 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
2794 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
2800 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
2806 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
2808 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
2816 =item DBM Comparisons
2824 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
2832 =item Subroutine Stubs
2834 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2836 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2838 =item Package Lexicals
2840 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
2848 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
2858 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
2870 =item Standard Exports
2872 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
2873 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
2874 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]] )
2876 =item Optional Exports
2878 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
2890 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
2892 =head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
2902 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
2914 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
2916 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
2918 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
2920 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
2922 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
2924 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
2926 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
2928 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
2930 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
2932 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
2934 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
2936 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
2938 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
2940 =item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
2942 =item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
2944 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
2946 =item CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
2948 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
2950 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
2954 =item CREATING FORMS
2958 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
2960 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
2962 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
2964 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
2968 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
2970 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
2972 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
2976 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
2978 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
2982 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
2986 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
2990 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
2994 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
2998 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
3000 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
3002 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
3006 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
3008 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
3010 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
3012 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
3016 =item NETSCAPE COOKIES
3018 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
3019 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
3021 =item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
3023 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
3024 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
3027 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
3033 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
3037 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
3039 B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
3040 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
3041 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
3042 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
3043 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
3046 =item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS
3050 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
3052 =item Generating new HTML tags
3056 =item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
3058 B<cgi>, B<form>, B<html2>, B<html3>, B<netscape>, B<shortcuts>,
3061 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
3063 In the B<use> statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be
3064 imported into your script:, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using
3065 B<-nph> parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
3067 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3071 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
3072 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
3073 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
3074 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
3075 Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
3076 Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
3077 Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
3078 (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
3079 Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
3080 (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
3081 (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
3083 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
3089 =head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
3103 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
3110 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
3112 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
3120 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
3126 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
3128 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
3130 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
3132 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
3136 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3142 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
3148 =item USING CGI::Push
3150 -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
3152 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
3156 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3162 =head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
3173 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
3181 =item Interactive Mode
3183 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
3184 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
3193 =item The 4 Classes: Authors, Bundles, Modules, Distributions
3195 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
3197 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
3207 =item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
3213 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
3214 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
3215 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
3228 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
3234 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
3243 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
3249 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
3257 =item The C<struct()> function
3259 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
3261 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
3262 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
3268 Example 1, Example 2
3270 =item Author and Modification History
3272 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
3278 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
3286 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
3292 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB
3298 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
3302 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
3304 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
3306 =item Default Parameters
3308 =item In Memory Databases
3316 =item A Simple Example
3324 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
3326 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
3328 =item The get_dup() Method
3330 =item Matching Partial Keys
3338 =item The 'bval' Option
3340 =item A Simple Example
3344 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
3345 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
3347 =item Another Example
3351 =item THE API INTERFACE
3353 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
3354 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
3355 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
3356 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
3358 =item HINTS AND TIPS
3362 =item Locking Databases
3364 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
3366 =item The untie() Gotcha
3370 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
3374 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
3376 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
3378 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
3380 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
3394 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
3400 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
3406 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
3412 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
3413 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
3414 dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
3415 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
3420 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
3427 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
3435 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
3443 =item Selecting What To Export
3445 =item Specialised Import Lists
3447 =item Module Version Checking
3449 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
3451 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
3455 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
3462 cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
3463 source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
3464 directory.., test_f file
3472 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
3482 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
3483 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
3491 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
3497 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
3503 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
3509 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
3519 =item VMS implementation
3525 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3532 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
3542 =item Preloaded methods
3544 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
3546 =item SelfLoaded methods
3548 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
3549 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
3550 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
3551 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
3552 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
3554 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
3556 force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others,
3557 install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o),
3558 makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
3559 maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru
3560 (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
3561 post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
3562 (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
3563 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
3564 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
3565 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
3571 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3580 =item Methods always loaded
3582 eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
3583 rootdir (override), updir (override)
3585 =item SelfLoaded methods
3587 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
3588 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
3589 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
3590 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
3591 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
3592 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
3593 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
3594 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
3595 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
3596 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
3597 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
3598 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
3599 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
3600 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
3605 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3612 catfile, static_lib (o), dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script,
3613 pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override), tools_other
3614 (o), manifypods (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
3616 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
3624 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
3626 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
3634 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
3638 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
3640 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
3642 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
3644 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
3646 C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
3647 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC,
3648 INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
3649 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
3650 INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
3651 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
3652 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
3653 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
3654 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
3655 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
3658 =item Additional lowercase attributes
3660 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
3663 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
3665 =item Hintsfile support
3667 =item Distribution Support
3669 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
3670 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
3671 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
3679 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
3689 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
3693 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
3694 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
3700 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
3708 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
3714 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
3721 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
3727 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
3733 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
3741 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
3743 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
3749 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
3753 C<basename>, C<dirname>
3755 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
3761 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
3771 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
3779 =item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)
3781 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
3789 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
3795 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
3805 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
3815 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
3823 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
3829 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
3833 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
3839 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
3849 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
3861 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
3868 E<lt>noneE<gt>, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f
3872 =item Linkage specification
3874 =item Aliases and abbreviations
3876 =item Non-option call-back routine
3878 =item Option starters
3888 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
3890 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
3891 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
3892 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
3893 reset), debug (default: reset)
3895 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
3897 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
3899 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
3906 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
3913 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
3919 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3927 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3931 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3937 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
3945 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3949 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
3950 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
3951 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
3961 =head2 IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3969 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3973 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
3981 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
3991 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
4003 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
4004 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
4005 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
4013 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
4025 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4032 =item IO::Socket::INET
4036 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4039 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4043 hostpath(), peerpath()
4053 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
4061 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
4065 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
4071 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
4080 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
4084 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
4085 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
4086 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
4096 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
4104 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
4108 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
4116 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
4127 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
4140 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
4141 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
4142 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
4150 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
4163 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4170 =item IO::Socket::INET
4174 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4177 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4181 hostpath(), peerpath()
4191 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
4201 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
4210 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
4216 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
4222 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
4228 Canonical notation, Input, Output
4236 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
4247 =item STRINGIFICATION
4251 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4257 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
4263 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
4267 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4269 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
4273 =item ANGLE CONVERSIONS
4279 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
4285 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
4295 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
4296 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
4304 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
4317 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
4330 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
4341 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
4354 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
4360 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
4370 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
4372 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
4373 or optag, an operator set (opset)
4375 =item Opcode Functions
4377 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
4378 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
4379 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
4382 =item Manipulating Opsets
4386 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
4388 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
4389 :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
4390 :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
4396 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
4403 a new namespace, an operator mask
4409 =item RECENT CHANGES
4411 =item Methods in class Safe
4413 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4414 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4415 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4416 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4418 =item Some Safety Issues
4420 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4426 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
4435 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
4447 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
4448 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
4449 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
4450 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
4451 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
4452 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
4453 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
4454 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
4455 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
4456 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
4457 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
4458 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
4459 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
4460 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
4461 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
4462 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
4463 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
4464 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
4465 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
4466 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
4467 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
4468 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
4469 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
4470 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
4471 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
4472 wcstombs, wctomb, write
4478 =item POSIX::SigAction
4484 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
4486 =item POSIX::Termios
4488 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
4489 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
4490 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
4491 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
4492 values, c_oflag field values
4496 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
4500 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
4504 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
4562 =head2 Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML
4570 help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
4571 nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
4583 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
4593 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
4599 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
4605 a new namespace, an operator mask
4611 =item RECENT CHANGES
4613 =item Methods in class Safe
4615 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4616 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4617 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4618 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4620 =item Some Safety Issues
4622 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4628 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
4634 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
4640 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
4648 =item The __DATA__ token
4650 =item SelfLoader autoloading
4652 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
4654 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
4656 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
4658 =item Classes and inherited methods.
4662 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
4664 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
4672 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
4673 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
4679 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
4680 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
4681 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
4682 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
4683 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
4685 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
4691 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
4699 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
4700 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
4706 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
4707 setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog
4717 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
4725 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
4731 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
4739 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
4740 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
4746 =item Minimal set of supported functions
4748 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
4749 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
4751 =item Additional supported functions
4757 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
4765 =item The test script output
4773 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
4774 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
4775 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
4784 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
4792 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens
4800 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
4813 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
4824 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
4836 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
4842 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
4843 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
4847 =item MORE INFORMATION
4849 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
4863 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
4870 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
4872 =item MORE INFORMATION
4874 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
4882 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
4888 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
4899 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
4910 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
4918 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
4924 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( VAL, TYPE ),
4927 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
4938 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
4949 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
4951 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
4952 don't all have manual pages yet:
4974 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob