4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
365 open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR
366 : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
367 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
368 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
369 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
370 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
371 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
372 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
373 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
374 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
375 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
376 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
377 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
378 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
379 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
380 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
381 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
382 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
383 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
384 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
385 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
386 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
387 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
388 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
389 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
390 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
391 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
392 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
393 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
394 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
395 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
396 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
397 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
398 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
399 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
400 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
401 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
402 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
403 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
404 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
410 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
416 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
424 =item Making References
426 =item Using References
444 =item Distribution Conditions
450 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
456 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
457 more elaborate constructs
461 =item COMMON MISTAKES
463 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
465 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
471 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
475 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
477 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
479 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
483 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
487 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
489 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
491 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
495 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
499 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
501 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
503 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
507 =item HASHES OF HASHES
511 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
513 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
515 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
519 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
523 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
525 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
527 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
539 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
549 =item Simple word matching
551 =item Using character classes
553 =item Matching this or that
555 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
557 =item Extracting matches
559 =item Matching repetitions
563 =item Search and replace
565 =item The split operator
573 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
577 =item Acknowledgments
583 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
591 =item Verbatim Paragraph
593 =item Command Paragraph
595 =item Ordinary Block of Text
599 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
601 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
611 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
619 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
637 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
639 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
640 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
641 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
642 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
644 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
646 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
647 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
648 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
652 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
654 =item Numerical Traps
656 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
658 =item General data type traps
660 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
661 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
663 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
665 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
667 =item Precedence Traps
669 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
672 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
674 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
675 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
678 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
680 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
686 =item Interpolation Traps
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
689 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
695 =item Unclassified Traps
697 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
704 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
714 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
716 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
718 =item Location of Perl
720 =item Command Switches
722 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
723 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
724 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
725 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
726 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
727 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
734 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
735 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
736 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
740 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
748 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
756 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
758 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
760 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
764 =item Backward Compatibility
766 =item Category Hierarchy
770 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
782 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
790 =item Looking at data and -w and w
794 =item Stepping through code
796 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
798 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
816 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
822 =item The Perl Debugger
826 =item Debugger Commands
828 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
829 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
830 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
831 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
832 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
833 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
834 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
835 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
836 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
838 =item Configurable Options
840 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
841 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
842 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
843 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
844 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
845 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
847 =item Debugger input/output
849 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
852 =item Debugging compile-time statements
854 =item Debugger Customization
856 =item Readline Support
858 =item Editor Support for Debugging
860 =item The Perl Profiler
864 =item Debugging regular expressions
866 =item Debugging memory usage
874 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
882 =item Predefined Names
884 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
885 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
886 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
887 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
888 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
890 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
891 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
892 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
894 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
895 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
896 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
897 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
898 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
899 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
900 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
901 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
902 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
903 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
904 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
905 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
906 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
907 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
908 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
909 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
910 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
911 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_,
912 %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
914 =item Error Indicators
916 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
924 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
932 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
934 =item Growing Your Own
936 =item Access and Printing
948 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
954 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
964 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
970 =item Open E<agrave> la C
974 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
978 =item Obscure Open Tricks
982 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
984 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
988 =item Single Argument Open
990 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
994 =item Other I/O Issues
998 =item Opening Non-File Files
1008 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1014 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1020 =item Part 1: The basics
1024 =item Simple word matching
1026 =item Using character classes
1028 =item Matching this or that
1030 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1032 =item Extracting matches
1034 =item Matching repetitions
1036 =item Building a regexp
1038 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1042 =item Part 2: Power tools
1046 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1048 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1050 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1052 =item Non-capturing groupings
1054 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1056 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1058 =item Conditional expressions
1060 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1062 =item Pragmas and debugging
1070 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1074 =item Acknowledgments
1080 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1090 =item Regular Expressions
1092 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1094 =item Extended Patterns
1096 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1097 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1098 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1099 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1103 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1105 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1107 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1109 =item Combining pieces together
1111 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1112 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1113 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1114 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1116 =item Creating custom RE engines
1126 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1136 =item Making References
1138 =item Using References
1140 =item Symbolic references
1142 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1144 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1146 =item Function Templates
1156 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1164 =item Format Variables
1174 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1182 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1190 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1192 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1194 =item Invoking a barnyard
1196 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1198 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1200 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1202 =item A few notes about @ISA
1204 =item Overriding the methods
1206 =item Starting the search from a different place
1208 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1210 =item Where we're at so far...
1212 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1214 =item Invoking an instance method
1216 =item Accessing the instance data
1218 =item How to build a horse
1220 =item Inheriting the constructor
1222 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1224 =item Adding parameters to a method
1226 =item More interesting instances
1228 =item A horse of a different color
1240 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1246 =item Creating a Class
1250 =item Object Representation
1252 =item Class Interface
1254 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1256 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1260 =item Other Object Methods
1268 =item Accessing Class Data
1270 =item Debugging Methods
1272 =item Class Destructors
1274 =item Documenting the Interface
1284 =item Overridden Methods
1286 =item Multiple Inheritance
1288 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1292 =item Alternate Object Representations
1296 =item Arrays as Objects
1298 =item Closures as Objects
1302 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1306 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1308 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1312 =item Metaclassical Tools
1318 =item Data Members as Variables
1326 =item Object Terminology
1332 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1338 =item Acknowledgments
1344 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1350 =item Class Data in a Can
1352 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1356 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1358 =item Inheritance Concerns
1360 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1362 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1364 =item Monadic Classes
1366 =item Translucent Attributes
1370 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1374 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1376 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1378 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1380 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1382 =item Translucency Revisited
1390 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1392 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1398 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1406 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1408 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1410 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1412 =item Method Invocation
1414 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1416 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1418 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1424 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1432 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1438 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1440 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1442 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1444 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1446 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1448 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1450 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1452 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1454 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1456 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1462 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1474 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1479 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1480 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1481 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1482 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1487 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1488 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1489 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1491 =item Tying FileHandles
1493 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1494 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1499 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1511 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1512 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1528 =item Using open() for IPC
1534 =item Background Processes
1536 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1538 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1540 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1542 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1546 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1550 =item Internet Line Terminators
1552 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1554 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1558 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1562 =item A Simple Client
1564 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1566 =item A Webget Client
1568 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1572 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1574 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1576 =item UDP: Message Passing
1590 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1600 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1602 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1603 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1604 files, directories and network sockets
1606 =item Resource limits
1608 =item Killing the parent process
1610 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1612 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1614 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1615 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1616 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1628 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1636 =item Storing numbers
1638 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1640 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1642 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1643 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1644 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1653 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1659 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1661 =item Threaded Program Models
1673 =item Native threads
1675 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1677 =item Threadsafe Modules
1683 =item Basic Thread Support
1685 =item Creating Threads
1687 =item Giving up control
1689 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1691 =item Errors In Threads
1693 =item Ignoring A Thread
1697 =item Threads And Data
1701 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1703 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1705 =item Controlling access: lock()
1707 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1709 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1713 =item Threads And Code
1717 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1719 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1721 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1723 =item Subroutine Locks
1727 =item Locking A Subroutine
1731 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1735 =item What Thread Am I In?
1739 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1741 =item What Threads Are Running?
1745 =item A Complete Example
1753 =item Introductory Texts
1755 =item OS-Related References
1757 =item Other References
1761 =item Acknowledgements
1769 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1775 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1784 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1786 =item Files and Filesystems
1788 =item System Interaction
1790 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1792 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1794 =item Standard Modules
1798 =item Character sets and character encoding
1800 =item Internationalisation
1802 =item System Resources
1812 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1813 http://testers.cpan.org/
1821 =item DOS and Derivatives
1829 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1837 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1841 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1843 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1844 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1845 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1846 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1847 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1848 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1849 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1850 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1851 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1852 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1853 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1854 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1855 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1856 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1857 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1858 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1859 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1860 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1861 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1862 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1863 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1864 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1865 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1866 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1867 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1873 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1874 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1875 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1876 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1877 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1878 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1880 =item Supported Platforms
1884 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1890 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1897 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1903 =item The use locale pragma
1905 =item The setlocale function
1907 =item Finding locales
1909 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1911 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1913 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1915 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1917 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1919 =item The localeconv function
1923 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1927 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1929 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1931 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1933 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1937 =item Other categories
1945 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1946 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1952 =item Backward compatibility
1954 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1956 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1958 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1960 =item Freely available locale definitions
1964 =item An imperfect standard
1972 =item Broken systems
1982 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1990 =item Important Caveats
1992 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1993 to enable a few features
1995 =item Byte and Character semantics
1997 =item Effects of character semantics
1999 =item Character encodings for input and output
2009 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2015 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2023 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2027 =item 13 variant characters
2035 =item Unicode and UTF
2039 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2041 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2043 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2057 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2059 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2061 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2063 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2071 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2073 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2075 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2077 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2081 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2085 =item URL decoding and encoding
2087 =item uu encoding and decoding
2089 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2091 =item Caesarian ciphers
2095 =item Hashing order and checksums
2099 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2111 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2131 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2139 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2141 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2143 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2147 =item Protecting Your Programs
2155 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2167 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2173 =item Making your module threadsafe
2181 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2187 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2191 =item Pragmatic Modules
2193 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2194 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2195 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, unicode::distinct, utf8, vars, warnings,
2198 =item Standard Modules
2200 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2201 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2202 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2203 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2204 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2205 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2206 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2207 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2208 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2209 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2210 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2211 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2212 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2213 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2214 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2215 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2216 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2217 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2218 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2219 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2220 Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
2221 Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2222 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2223 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2224 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2225 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::DummyInetd, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP,
2226 Net::Netrc, Net::PH, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::SNPP, Net::Time,
2227 Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O,
2228 ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html,
2229 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
2230 Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2231 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
2232 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2233 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2234 Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
2235 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
2236 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
2237 Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar,
2238 Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm,
2239 UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2241 =item Extension Modules
2253 =item Central America
2265 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2269 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2271 Adding a Copyright Notice
2273 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2275 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2283 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2293 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2294 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2308 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2318 =item What should I make into a module?
2320 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2322 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2324 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2326 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2327 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2328 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2330 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2332 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2333 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2343 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2344 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2354 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2356 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2358 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2360 =item What is perl6?
2362 =item How stable is Perl?
2364 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2366 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2369 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2371 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2373 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2375 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2377 =item What is a JAPH?
2379 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2381 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2382 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2386 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2390 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2391 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2399 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2401 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2403 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2405 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2408 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2409 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2411 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2412 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2414 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2416 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2418 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2420 =item Where should I post source code?
2424 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2426 =item Perl in Magazines
2428 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2430 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2432 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2434 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2436 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2438 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2442 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2446 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2455 =item How do I do (anything)?
2457 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2459 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2461 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2463 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2465 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2467 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2469 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2471 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2473 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2474 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2475 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2477 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2479 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2481 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2483 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2485 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2487 =item What is undump?
2489 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2491 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2493 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2495 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2497 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2499 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2501 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2503 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2505 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2507 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2509 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2511 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2513 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2515 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2517 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2518 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2520 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2523 =item What's MakeMaker?
2527 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2531 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2542 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2543 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2545 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2547 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2550 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2552 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2554 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2556 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2558 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2560 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2568 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2570 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2572 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2574 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2576 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2578 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2580 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2588 =item How do I validate input?
2590 =item How do I unescape a string?
2592 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2594 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2596 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2598 =item How do I reverse a string?
2600 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2602 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2604 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2606 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2608 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2611 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2613 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2614 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2616 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2618 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2620 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2622 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2624 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2626 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2628 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2630 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2631 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2640 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2642 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2644 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2648 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2650 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2651 intersection of two arrays?
2653 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2655 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2657 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2659 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2661 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2663 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2665 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2667 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2669 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2671 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2673 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2677 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2681 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2683 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2686 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2688 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2690 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2692 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2694 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2696 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2698 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2700 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2702 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2704 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2706 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2709 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2710 array of hashes or arrays?
2712 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2720 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2722 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2724 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2726 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2728 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2730 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2732 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2736 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2740 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2749 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2751 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2752 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2754 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2756 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2758 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2760 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2761 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2763 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2765 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2767 =item How can I write() into a string?
2769 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2771 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2773 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2775 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2777 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2779 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2781 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2783 =item How can I lock a file?
2785 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2787 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2788 the file. How can I do this?
2790 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
2791 file. Do I still have to use locking?
2793 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2795 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2797 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2799 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2801 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2803 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2805 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2807 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2809 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2811 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2813 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2815 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2816 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2818 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2820 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2821 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2823 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2825 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2829 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2833 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2841 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2842 and unmaintainable code?
2844 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2846 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2848 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2851 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2853 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2856 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2858 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2860 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2862 =item What is C</o> really for?
2864 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2867 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2869 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2871 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2873 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2875 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2877 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2879 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2881 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2883 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2885 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2887 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2889 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2891 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2895 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2899 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2900 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2908 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2910 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2913 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2916 =item How do I skip some return values?
2918 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2920 =item What's an extension?
2922 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2924 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2926 =item How do I create a module?
2928 =item How do I create a class?
2930 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2932 =item What's a closure?
2934 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2936 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2939 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2942 =item How do I create a static variable?
2944 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2945 Between local() and my()?
2947 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2950 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2952 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2954 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2956 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2958 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2960 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2962 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2964 =item How can I find out my current package?
2966 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2968 =item How do I clear a package?
2970 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2974 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2978 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2987 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2989 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2991 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
2993 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
2995 =item How do I print something out in color?
2997 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
2999 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3001 =item How do I clear the screen?
3003 =item How do I get the screen size?
3005 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3007 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3009 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3011 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3013 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3015 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3017 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3019 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3021 =item How do I set the time and date?
3023 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3025 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3027 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3029 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3030 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3032 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3034 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3036 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3038 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3040 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3042 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3044 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3046 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3048 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3050 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3053 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3055 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3057 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3059 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3062 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3063 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3064 changes to be visible?
3068 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3071 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3073 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3075 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3077 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3079 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3081 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3083 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3085 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3087 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3089 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3091 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3093 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3096 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3098 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3102 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3106 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3115 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3118 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3120 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3122 =item How do I extract URLs?
3124 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3125 file on another machine?
3127 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3129 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3131 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3133 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3135 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3137 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3139 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3141 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3142 CGI script to do bad things?
3144 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3146 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3148 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3150 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3152 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3154 =item How do I send mail?
3156 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3158 =item How do I read mail?
3160 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3162 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3164 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3166 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3170 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3174 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3184 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3188 =item Using The Back Ends
3192 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3196 =item The Decompiling Back End
3198 =item The Lint Back End
3200 =item The Simple C Back End
3202 =item The Bytecode Back End
3204 =item The Optimized C Back End
3206 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3207 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3208 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3212 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3218 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3228 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3229 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3233 =item Compiling your C program
3235 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3237 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3239 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3241 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3243 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3245 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3247 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3249 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3254 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3264 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3270 =item Debugger Internals
3274 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3278 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3280 =item Debugging regular expressions
3284 =item Compile-time output
3286 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3287 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3288 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3291 =item Types of nodes
3293 =item Run-time output
3297 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3301 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3303 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3304 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3307 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3309 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3311 =item B<-DL> details
3315 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3323 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3335 =item Version caveat
3337 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3349 =item What has gone on?
3351 =item Writing good test scripts
3355 =item What's new here?
3357 =item Input and Output Parameters
3359 =item The XSUBPP Program
3361 =item The TYPEMAP file
3363 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3367 =item What has happened here?
3369 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3371 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3373 =item More about XSUB arguments
3375 =item The Argument Stack
3377 =item Extending your Extension
3379 =item Documenting your Extension
3381 =item Installing your Extension
3385 =item New Things in this Example
3389 =item New Things in this Example
3391 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3393 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3395 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3397 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3413 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3425 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3427 =item The Argument Stack
3429 =item The RETVAL Variable
3431 =item The MODULE Keyword
3433 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3435 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3437 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3439 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3441 =item The CODE: Keyword
3443 =item The INIT: Keyword
3445 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3447 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3449 =item Default Parameter Values
3451 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3453 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3455 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3457 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3459 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3461 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3463 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3465 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3467 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3469 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3471 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3473 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3475 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3477 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3479 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3481 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3483 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3485 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3487 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3489 =item The CASE: Keyword
3491 =item The & Unary Operator
3493 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3495 =item Using XS With C++
3497 =item Interface Strategy
3499 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3513 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3523 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3525 =item File Operations
3527 =item File Input and Output
3529 =item File Positioning
3531 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3533 =item Character Class Tests
3535 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3537 =item Miscellaneous functions
3545 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3557 =item What is an "IV"?
3559 =item Working with SVs
3563 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3565 =item Working with AVs
3567 =item Working with HVs
3569 =item Hash API Extensions
3573 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3575 =item Creating New Variables
3577 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3579 =item Stashes and Globs
3581 =item Double-Typed SVs
3583 =item Magic Variables
3585 =item Assigning Magic
3587 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3591 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3593 =item Localizing changes
3595 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3596 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3597 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3598 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3599 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3600 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3601 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3602 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3603 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3604 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3612 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3614 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3616 =item Memory Allocation
3620 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3624 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3634 =item Examining the tree
3636 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3638 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3640 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3642 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3646 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3648 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3652 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3654 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3656 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3658 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3660 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3664 =item Internal Functions
3666 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3670 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3672 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3674 =item Source Documentation
3678 =item Unicode Support
3682 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3684 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3686 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3688 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3690 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3692 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3702 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3708 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3710 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3712 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3732 =item Determining the Context
3736 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3742 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3744 =item Passing Parameters
3746 =item Returning a Scalar
3748 =item Returning a list of values
3750 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3752 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3756 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3760 =item Using call_argv
3762 =item Using call_method
3766 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3768 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3770 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3771 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3774 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3776 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3788 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3798 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3799 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3800 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3801 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3805 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3807 =item Administration
3809 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3813 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3814 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3822 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3832 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3834 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3836 B<Decryption Filters>
3838 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3840 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3842 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3854 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3862 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3863 B<filter_fetch_value>
3869 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3871 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3881 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3887 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3888 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3889 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
3890 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
3891 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
3892 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME,
3893 GIMME_V, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
3894 gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY,
3895 G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
3896 HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear,
3897 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3898 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3899 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3900 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
3901 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
3902 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
3903 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, NEWSV, newSViv,
3904 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
3905 newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
3906 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free,
3907 perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef,
3908 PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK,
3909 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL,
3910 Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT,
3911 strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND,
3912 SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
3913 SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK,
3914 SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV,
3915 SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
3916 SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
3917 SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
3918 SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
3919 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
3920 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV,
3921 SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on,
3922 SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV,
3923 SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV,
3924 SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv,
3925 sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags,
3926 sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf,
3927 sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg,
3928 sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp,
3929 sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq,
3930 sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_getcwd, sv_gets,
3931 sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
3932 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
3933 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
3934 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
3935 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
3936 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3937 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3938 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3939 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
3940 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
3941 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
3942 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
3943 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER,
3944 toUPPER, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
3945 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
3946 uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN,
3947 XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV,
3948 XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV,
3949 XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3957 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3964 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3965 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
3966 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
3974 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3984 =item History and Background
3986 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3988 =item Data Structures
3990 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
3991 data for a particular handle
3993 =item Functions and Attributes
3995 =item Per-instance Data
3997 =item Layers in action.
3999 =item Per-instance flag bits
4001 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4002 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4003 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4004 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4006 =item Methods in Detail
4008 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4009 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4010 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4011 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4012 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4013 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4014 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4015 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4016 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4017 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4018 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4019 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4020 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4021 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4025 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4027 =item Extension Layers
4029 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4035 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4043 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4044 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4045 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4046 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4047 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4048 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4049 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4050 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4051 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4052 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4053 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4057 =item Co-existence with stdio
4059 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4060 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4062 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4064 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4065 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4066 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4067 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4069 =item Other Functions
4071 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4072 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4078 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4084 =item To do during 5.6.x
4088 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4090 =item Eliminate need for "use utf8";
4092 =item Create a char *sv_printify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4094 =item Autoload byte.pm
4096 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4098 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4100 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4102 =item Unicode case mappings
4104 =item Unicode regular expression character classes
4106 =item use Thread for iThreads
4108 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4110 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4112 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4114 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4116 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4118 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4120 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4122 =item Complete signal handling
4124 =item Out-of-source builds
4126 =item POSIX realtime support
4128 =item UNIX98 support
4132 =item Long double conversion
4136 =item Thread-safe regexes
4138 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4140 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4142 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4144 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4146 =item Custom opcodes
4148 =item spawnvp() on Win32
4150 =item DLL Versioning
4152 =item Introduce @( and @)
4154 =item Floating point handling
4156 =item IV/UV preservation
4158 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4160 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4162 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4164 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4166 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4168 =item Document Win32 choices
4170 =item Check new modules
4172 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4176 =item To do at some point
4180 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4182 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4184 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4186 =item bitfields in pack
4188 =item Cross compilation
4190 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4192 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4194 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4196 =item -i rename file when changed
4198 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4200 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4202 =item my sub foo { }
4204 =item One-pass global destruction
4206 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4208 =item Cache recently used regexps
4210 =item Re-entrant functions
4212 =item Cross-compilation support
4214 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4216 =item debugger pragma
4218 =item use less pragma
4220 =item switch structures
4222 =item Cache eval tree
4226 =item Shrink opcode tables
4228 =item Optimize away @_
4230 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4234 =item Prototype method calls
4236 =item Return context prototype declarations
4240 =item Garbage collection
4244 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4246 =item Rewrite perldoc
4248 =item Install .3p manpages
4250 =item Unicode tutorial
4252 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4254 =item Retargetable installation
4256 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4258 =item Rename Win32 headers
4260 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4262 =item Update sprintf documentation
4264 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4272 =item ref() in list context
4274 =item Make tr/// return histogram
4276 =item Compile to real threaded code
4278 =item Structured types
4280 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4282 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4286 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4288 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4292 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4294 =item Constant function cache
4296 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4304 =item Update guts documentation
4306 =item Add more tests
4308 =item Update auxiliary tools
4312 =item Recently done things
4316 =item Safe signal handling
4322 =item setitimer and getimiter
4324 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4326 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4328 =item Explicit switch statements
4336 =item perlcc to produce executable
4338 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4340 =item Secure temporary file module
4342 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4344 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4346 =item Mmap for input
4348 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4350 =item Add sockatmark support
4352 =item Mailing list archives
4356 =item Integrate MacPerl
4358 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4360 =item Regular expression tutorial
4362 =item Debugging Tutorial
4364 =item Integrate new modules
4366 =item Integrate profiler
4368 =item Y2K error detection
4370 =item Regular expression debugger
4374 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4376 =item Cache precompiled modules
4380 =item Deprecated Wishes
4384 =item Loop control on do{}
4386 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4392 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4394 =item Named prototypes
4396 =item Built-in globbing
4398 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4400 =item Cached hash values
4402 =item Add compression modules
4404 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4406 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4408 =item Make XS easier to use
4410 =item Make embedding easier to use
4414 =item my $Package::variable
4416 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4418 =item "class"-based lexicals
4422 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4424 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4430 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4436 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4437 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4438 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4439 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4440 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4441 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4442 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4446 =item Keeping in sync
4448 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4449 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4450 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4451 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4453 =item Submitting patches
4455 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4456 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4458 =item Finding Your Way Around
4460 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4462 =item Elements of the interpreter
4464 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4466 =item Internal Variable Types
4472 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4474 =item Millions of Macros
4476 =item Poking at Perl
4478 =item Using a source-level debugger
4480 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4481 finish, 'enter', print
4483 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4489 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4493 =item Rational Software's Purify
4495 =item Purify on Unix
4497 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4501 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4503 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4505 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4507 =item Gprof Profiling
4509 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4511 =item Pixie Profiling
4513 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4518 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4526 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4534 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4546 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4548 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4552 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4556 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4562 =item Reporting Bugs
4570 =head2 perl572delta, perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
4576 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4578 =item Incompatible Changes
4582 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4584 =item AIX Dynaloading
4586 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
4592 =item Core Enhancements
4594 =item Modules and Pragmata
4598 =item New Modules and Distribution
4600 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4604 =item Utility Changes
4606 =item New Documentation
4608 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4612 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4614 =item Generic Improvements
4618 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4622 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4626 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4628 =item Source Code Enhancements
4632 =item MAGIC constants
4634 =item Better commented code
4636 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
4644 =item Known Problems
4650 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
4652 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4654 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
4656 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configur
4658 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
4660 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4662 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
4664 =item Failure of Thread tests
4668 =item UNICOS/mk ext/IPC/SysV/t/sem test 8
4674 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4676 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4678 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
4680 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4682 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4684 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
4688 =item Reporting Bugs
4696 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4702 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4704 =item Incompatible Changes
4706 =item Core Enhancements
4710 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
4712 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
4714 =item Signals Are Now Safe
4718 =item Modules and Pragmata
4724 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4728 =item Performance Enhancements
4730 =item Utility Changes
4732 =item New Documentation
4748 =item README.solaris
4752 =item Porting/repository.pod
4756 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4760 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4762 =item Generic Improvements
4764 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4765 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4766 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4770 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4774 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4778 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4780 =item Changed Internals
4784 =item Known Problems
4788 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4790 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4792 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4794 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4798 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4800 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4802 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4804 =item Failure of Thread tests
4806 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4808 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4810 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4812 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4816 =item Reporting Bugs
4824 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4830 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4832 =item Incompatible Changes
4834 =item Core Enhancements
4836 =item Modules and Pragmata
4842 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4846 =item Utility Changes
4848 =item New Documentation
4850 =item Performance Enhancements
4852 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4856 =item Generic Improvements
4860 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4864 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4868 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4870 =item Changed Internals
4872 =item Known Problems
4876 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4878 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4880 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4882 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4884 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4886 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4888 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4890 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4892 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4894 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4898 =item Reporting Bugs
4906 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4912 =item Core Enhancements
4916 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4918 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4920 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4922 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4924 =item "our" declarations
4926 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4928 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4930 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4932 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4934 =item open() with more than two arguments
4936 =item 64-bit support
4938 =item Large file support
4944 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4946 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4948 =item File globbing implemented internally
4950 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4952 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4954 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4956 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4958 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4960 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4962 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4964 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4966 =item Comments in pack() templates
4968 =item Weak references
4970 =item Binary numbers supported
4972 =item Lvalue subroutines
4974 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4976 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4978 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4980 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4982 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4984 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4986 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4988 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4990 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4992 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4994 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4996 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4998 =item Improved diagnostics
5000 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5002 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5004 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5006 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5008 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5010 =item Improved security features
5012 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5014 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5016 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5018 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5020 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5022 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5024 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5028 =item Modules and Pragmata
5034 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5035 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5036 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5037 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5038 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5039 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5040 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5041 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5047 =item Utility Changes
5061 =item The Perl Debugger
5065 =item Improved Documentation
5067 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5068 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5069 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5070 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5072 =item Performance enhancements
5076 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5078 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5080 =item Faster subroutine calls
5082 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5086 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5090 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5092 =item New Configure flags
5094 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5100 =item -Duselargefiles
5102 =item installusrbinperl
5108 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5112 =item Platform specific changes
5116 =item Supported platforms
5120 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5128 =item Significant bug fixes
5132 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5134 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5136 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5138 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5140 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5142 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5144 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5146 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5148 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5150 =item Locale bugs fixed
5154 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5156 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5158 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5160 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5164 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5166 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5167 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5168 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5169 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5170 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5171 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5172 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5173 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5174 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5175 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5176 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5177 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5178 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5179 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5180 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5181 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5182 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5183 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5184 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5185 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5186 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5187 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5188 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5189 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5190 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5191 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5192 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5193 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5194 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5195 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5196 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5197 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5198 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5199 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5200 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5201 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5202 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5203 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5204 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5205 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5206 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5207 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5208 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5209 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5210 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5211 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5212 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5213 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5214 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5215 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5219 =item Incompatible Changes
5223 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5225 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5226 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5227 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5228 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5229 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5230 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5231 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5232 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5233 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5234 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5235 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5237 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5239 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5241 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5243 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5245 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5249 =item Known Problems
5253 =item Thread test failures
5255 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5257 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5259 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5261 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5264 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5266 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5268 =item Experimental features
5270 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5271 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5272 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5276 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5278 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5279 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5280 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5281 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5283 =item Reporting Bugs
5291 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5297 =item About the new versioning system
5299 =item Incompatible Changes
5303 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5305 =item Default installation structure has changed
5307 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5309 =item C Source Compatibility
5311 =item Binary Compatibility
5313 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5315 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5329 =item Regular Expressions
5331 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5332 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5333 improvements, Incompatible changes
5335 =item Improved malloc()
5337 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5339 =item Reliable signals
5341 =item Reliable stack pointers
5343 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5347 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5349 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5351 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5353 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5355 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5357 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5359 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5361 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5363 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5365 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5367 =item Better locale support
5369 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5371 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5373 =item Extended support for exception handling
5375 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5377 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5379 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5381 =item New C<lock> keyword
5383 =item New C<qr//> operator
5385 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5387 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5389 =item Tied handles support is better
5391 =item 4th argument to substr
5393 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5395 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5397 =item <> now reads in records
5401 =item Supported Platforms
5407 =item Changes in existing support
5411 =item Modules and Pragmata
5417 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5418 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5419 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5421 =item Changes in existing modules
5423 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5424 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5428 =item Utility Changes
5430 =item Documentation Changes
5432 =item New Diagnostics
5434 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5435 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5436 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5437 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5438 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5439 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5440 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5441 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5442 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5443 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5444 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5445 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5446 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5447 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5448 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5449 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5450 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5452 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5454 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5455 temporary file, regexp too big
5457 =item Configuration Changes
5467 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5473 =item Supported Environments
5479 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5481 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5483 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5485 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5487 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5489 =item More precise warnings
5491 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5493 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5495 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5497 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5499 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5501 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5503 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5505 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5507 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5509 =item Changes to tainting checks
5511 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5512 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5514 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5516 =item Embedding improvements
5518 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5520 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5522 =item New and changed syntax
5526 =item New and changed builtin constants
5530 =item New and changed builtin variables
5534 =item New and changed builtin functions
5536 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5537 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5538 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5539 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5540 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5542 =item New builtin methods
5544 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5546 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5548 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5549 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5551 =item Malloc enhancements
5553 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5555 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5559 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5575 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5576 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5582 =item Required Updates
5584 =item Installation directories
5586 =item Module information summary
5600 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5604 =item Utility Changes
5610 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5614 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5618 =item C Language API Changes
5620 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5623 =item Documentation Changes
5625 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5626 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5628 =item New Diagnostics
5630 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5631 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5632 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5633 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5634 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5635 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5636 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5637 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5638 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5639 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5640 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5641 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5642 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5643 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5644 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5645 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5646 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5647 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5648 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5649 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5650 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5651 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5652 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5653 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5654 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5664 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5672 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5676 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5678 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5680 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5682 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5688 =item GDBM and Threads
5690 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5700 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
5710 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5724 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
5726 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5728 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5730 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5736 =item Accessing documentation
5740 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
5742 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
5744 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
5746 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
5750 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
5754 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
5756 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
5758 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
5760 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
5762 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
5772 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
5780 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
5782 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
5786 =item Contact Information
5792 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5802 =item gzip on BS2000
5804 =item bison on BS2000
5806 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
5808 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
5810 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
5812 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
5814 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
5816 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5818 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
5836 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5842 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
5846 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5848 =item Cygwin Configuration
5850 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5854 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
5858 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
5860 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
5862 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5863 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5865 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
5867 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5868 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5870 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
5872 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5876 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
5880 =item Warnings on Cygwin
5886 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
5890 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
5892 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
5894 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
5896 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
5898 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
5900 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
5902 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5906 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
5908 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
5910 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5911 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5913 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
5921 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
5933 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
5937 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
5939 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
5941 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
5943 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
5953 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5961 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5963 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
5965 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
5967 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5971 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
5973 =item PATH Names on Epoc
5975 =item Editors on Epoc
5977 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
5979 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
5981 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5985 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
5993 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
6002 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
6012 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
6014 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
6016 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
6018 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
6020 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
6022 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
6024 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
6026 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
6028 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
6030 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
6032 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
6042 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
6050 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
6058 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
6067 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
6069 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
6071 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
6073 =item Building external modules on MachTen
6083 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6097 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
6103 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
6109 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6117 =item What's New in Perl ffor MPE/iX
6119 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
6121 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
6123 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6125 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
6127 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6128 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6130 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6134 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6136 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6138 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
6140 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
6142 =item Perl/iX Change History
6158 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
6170 =item Build new extensions
6174 =item Acknowledgements
6182 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6202 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6204 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6206 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6210 =item Frequently asked questions
6214 =item "It does not work"
6216 =item I cannot run external programs
6218 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6221 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6224 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6226 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6234 =item Automatic binary installation
6236 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6238 =item Manual binary installation
6240 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6241 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6242 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6243 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6244 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6250 =item Accessing documentation
6254 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6262 =item GNU C<info> files
6274 =item The short story
6278 =item Getting perl source
6280 =item Application of the patches
6288 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6291 =item Installing the built perl
6293 =item C<a.out>-style build
6301 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6303 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6305 =item Problems with tr or sed
6307 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6309 =item Library ... not found
6311 =item Segfault in make
6313 =item op/sprintf test failure
6317 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6321 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6325 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6327 =item Additional modules:
6329 =item Prebuilt methods:
6331 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6332 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6333 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6334 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6335 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6336 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6337 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6338 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6339 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6340 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6341 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6343 =item Prebuilt variables:
6345 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6351 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6354 =item Identifying DLLs
6356 =item Centralized management of resources
6372 =item F<perl___.exe>
6374 =item Why strange names?
6376 =item Why dynamic linking?
6378 =item Why chimera build?
6386 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6388 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6390 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6392 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6394 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6396 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6406 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
6408 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
6410 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
6413 =item DLL forwarder generation
6417 =item Calls to external programs
6419 =item Memory allocation
6423 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6439 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6449 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
6451 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
6453 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
6455 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
6457 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6459 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6461 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6463 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
6465 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6467 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
6477 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
6485 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
6493 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX
6495 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
6497 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX
6499 =item QNX auxiliary files
6509 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
6519 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
6521 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
6523 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
6525 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
6529 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
6533 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
6545 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6553 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6559 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6565 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
6567 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
6569 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
6573 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6577 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6579 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
6581 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6585 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6587 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6588 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6589 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6595 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
6599 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
6601 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
6605 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
6609 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6611 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6615 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
6617 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
6619 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
6629 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
6630 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
6638 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
6640 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
6642 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
6644 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
6646 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
6648 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
6652 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
6658 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6668 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
6670 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
6672 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
6674 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
6676 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
6686 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
6692 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6700 =item Organization of Perl Images
6706 =item Perl Extensions
6708 =item Installing static extensions
6710 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6714 =item File specifications
6720 =item Wildcard expansion
6726 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6732 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6734 =item Command line switches
6740 =item Perl functions
6742 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6743 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6744 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6745 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6747 =item Perl variables
6749 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
6751 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6765 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6773 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6777 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6781 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6783 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6787 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6791 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
6793 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
6797 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6805 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6807 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6819 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6829 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6839 =item Built-in Attributes
6841 locked, method, lvalue
6843 =item Available Subroutines
6847 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6849 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6851 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6859 =item Default exports
6861 =item Available exports
6863 =item Export tags defined
6873 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6885 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6901 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6915 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6929 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6942 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6951 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6957 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6967 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6977 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6988 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6990 =item The I<splain> Program
7004 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
7018 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
7028 =item subpragma access
7034 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
7045 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
7055 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
7065 =item Adding directories to @INC
7067 =item Deleting directories from @INC
7069 =item Restoring original @INC
7079 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
7090 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
7098 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
7100 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
7106 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
7118 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
7128 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
7130 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
7132 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
7134 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
7136 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
7138 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
7140 =item Overloadable Operations
7142 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
7143 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
7144 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
7146 =item Inheritance and overloading
7148 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
7149 is inherited by derived classes
7153 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
7161 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
7163 =item Copy Constructor
7169 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
7171 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
7172 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
7173 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
7176 =item Losing overloading
7178 =item Run-time Overloading
7180 =item Public functions
7182 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
7184 =item Overloading constants
7186 integer, float, binary, q, qr
7188 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7190 =item Metaphor clash
7196 =item Two-face scalars
7198 =item Two-face references
7200 =item Symbolic calculator
7202 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
7210 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
7211 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7217 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7227 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
7239 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
7241 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
7245 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
7249 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
7257 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
7265 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
7269 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
7279 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
7292 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
7303 =item Utility functions
7305 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
7306 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
7314 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
7324 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
7332 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
7333 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
7334 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
7335 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
7336 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
7340 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
7342 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
7344 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
7354 =item DBM Comparisons
7364 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
7374 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
7378 =item Typed lexicals
7380 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
7382 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
7384 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
7386 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
7394 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
7395 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
7396 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
7397 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>
7407 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7417 =item Subroutine Stubs
7419 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7421 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7423 =item Package Lexicals
7425 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7427 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7437 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7445 $keep, $check, $modtime
7449 =item Multiple packages
7457 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7465 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7469 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7477 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7491 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7495 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7497 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7499 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7501 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7505 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7509 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7510 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7514 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7515 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7519 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7523 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7528 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7530 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7534 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7536 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7540 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7544 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7548 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7552 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7554 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7556 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7560 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7564 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7568 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7570 redoop, nextop, lastop
7572 =item B::COP METHODS
7574 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7578 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7580 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7581 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7582 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
7583 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
7590 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7603 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7615 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7627 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7637 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7638 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7639 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7649 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7659 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7660 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7670 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7680 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7681 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7682 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7694 =item Context of ".."
7698 =item Deprecated features
7706 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7716 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7717 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7718 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7720 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7722 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7723 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7724 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7725 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7726 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7727 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7728 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7729 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7735 =item OP flags abbreviations
7737 =item OP class abbreviations
7741 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
7747 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7759 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7769 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7770 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7772 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7782 =item ambient_pragmas
7784 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
7796 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7808 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7816 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7818 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7819 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7821 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7831 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7841 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7847 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7859 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7871 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7873 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7885 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7895 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7903 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7915 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7929 =item Standard Exports
7931 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7932 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7933 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7935 =item Optional Exports
7937 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7938 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7939 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7955 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7959 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7973 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7983 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7984 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7985 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7995 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
8007 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
8009 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
8011 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
8013 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
8015 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
8017 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
8019 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
8021 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
8023 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
8025 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
8027 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
8029 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
8031 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
8033 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
8035 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
8037 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
8039 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
8041 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
8042 B<:standard>, B<:all>
8046 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
8047 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
8050 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
8052 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
8053 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
8058 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
8062 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
8064 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
8066 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
8068 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
8070 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
8072 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
8074 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
8076 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
8077 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
8079 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
8083 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
8087 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
8089 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
8091 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
8093 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
8095 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
8097 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
8098 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
8100 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
8104 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
8108 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
8110 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
8112 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
8114 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
8118 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
8120 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
8122 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
8126 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
8128 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
8132 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
8136 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
8140 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
8144 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
8148 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
8150 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
8152 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
8156 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
8160 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
8166 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
8167 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
8169 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
8171 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
8172 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
8175 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
8181 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
8185 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
8187 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
8188 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
8189 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
8190 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
8191 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
8193 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
8195 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
8200 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
8202 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
8204 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
8205 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
8207 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
8209 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8213 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
8214 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
8215 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
8216 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
8217 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
8218 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
8219 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
8220 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
8221 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
8222 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
8223 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
8224 ...and many many more..
8226 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
8234 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
8244 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8252 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
8261 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
8263 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
8267 =item Changing the default message
8271 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
8281 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
8289 =item USING CGI::Cookie
8291 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
8295 =item Creating New Cookies
8297 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
8299 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
8301 =item Manipulating Cookies
8303 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
8307 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8315 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
8323 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
8325 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
8327 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
8329 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
8333 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8341 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
8351 =item Tags that won't be formatted
8353 =item Customizing the Indenting
8365 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
8373 =item USING CGI::Push
8375 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
8379 =item Heterogeneous Pages
8381 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
8385 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
8387 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8395 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
8405 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8413 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8421 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8427 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8437 =item Interactive Mode
8439 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8440 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8441 distribution, ls author, Signals
8449 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8451 =item Programmer's interface
8453 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8455 =item Methods in the other Classes
8457 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8458 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8459 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8460 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8461 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8462 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8463 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8464 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8465 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8466 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8467 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8468 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8469 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8470 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8471 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8472 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8473 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8474 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8475 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8476 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8477 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8478 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8479 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8480 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8481 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8482 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8490 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8494 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8500 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8501 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8502 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8503 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8507 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8509 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8517 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8519 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8523 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8525 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8527 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8533 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8545 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8555 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8568 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8578 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8586 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8588 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8598 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8599 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8600 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8602 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8610 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8620 =item The C<struct()> function
8622 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8624 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8626 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8627 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8629 =item Initializing with C<new>
8635 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8637 =item Author and Modification History
8641 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8649 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8661 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8665 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
8666 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
8667 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
8672 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8673 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8677 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8678 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8679 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8680 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
8681 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
8682 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8686 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8687 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8688 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8689 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8690 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>,
8691 C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>,
8692 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
8693 C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>,
8694 C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>,
8695 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
8696 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
8697 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>,
8698 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>,
8699 C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>,
8700 C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>,
8701 C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
8702 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>,
8703 C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
8704 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>,
8705 C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>,
8706 C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
8707 C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>,
8708 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>,
8709 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
8710 C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
8711 C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
8712 C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>,
8713 C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
8714 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
8715 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
8716 C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>,
8717 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
8718 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
8719 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
8720 C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
8721 C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
8722 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
8723 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
8724 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
8725 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
8726 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>,
8727 C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>,
8728 C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>,
8729 C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>,
8730 C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>,
8731 C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>,
8732 C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
8733 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
8734 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
8735 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
8736 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
8737 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
8738 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
8739 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
8740 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
8741 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>,
8742 C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
8743 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
8744 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
8745 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
8746 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
8747 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>,
8748 C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>,
8749 C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>,
8750 C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
8751 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
8752 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
8753 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
8754 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>,
8755 C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>,
8756 C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>,
8757 C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>,
8758 C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
8759 C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>, C<db_version_patch>,
8760 C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
8761 C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8765 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8766 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8770 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8771 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
8776 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8777 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8781 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8785 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8786 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8787 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8788 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_langinfo>,
8789 C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>,
8790 C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8791 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8792 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8793 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8794 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8795 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8796 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8797 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8798 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8799 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8800 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8801 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8802 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8803 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8804 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8805 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8806 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8807 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8812 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8816 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8817 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8818 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8819 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8820 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8821 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8825 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8826 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8827 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8831 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8832 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8836 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8837 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8838 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8839 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8843 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8844 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8848 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8849 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
8853 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8854 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8855 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8856 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8860 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8864 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8865 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
8869 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8870 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8871 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8872 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8873 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8874 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8875 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8876 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8877 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8878 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8879 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8880 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8881 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8882 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8886 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
8887 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8891 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8892 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8893 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8894 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
8895 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
8896 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
8897 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
8898 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
8899 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8903 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8904 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8905 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8909 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8913 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
8925 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
8935 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8947 =item Global Variables
8949 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8950 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8955 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8956 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8958 =item Client Callback Methods
8960 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8961 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8962 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8972 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8980 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8984 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8986 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8988 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8990 =item Default Parameters
8992 =item In Memory Databases
9000 =item A Simple Example
9008 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
9010 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
9012 =item The get_dup() Method
9014 =item The find_dup() Method
9016 =item The del_dup() Method
9018 =item Matching Partial Keys
9026 =item The 'bval' Option
9028 =item A Simple Example
9030 =item Extra RECNO Methods
9032 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
9033 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
9036 =item Another Example
9040 =item THE API INTERFACE
9042 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
9043 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
9044 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
9045 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
9049 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
9050 B<filter_fetch_value>
9056 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
9058 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
9062 =item HINTS AND TIPS
9066 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
9068 =item Safe ways to lock a database
9070 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
9072 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
9074 =item The untie() Gotcha
9078 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
9082 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
9084 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
9086 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
9088 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
9108 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
9109 printing and C<eval>
9121 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
9122 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
9123 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
9130 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
9132 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9133 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9134 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9135 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9136 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9137 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9138 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9139 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9140 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9141 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9142 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9143 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
9163 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
9171 =item PROFILE FORMAT
9183 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
9193 =item Memory footprint debugging
9201 =item A simple scalar string
9203 =item A simple scalar number
9205 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
9207 =item A reference to a simple scalar
9209 =item A reference to an array
9211 =item A reference to a hash
9213 =item Dumping a large array or hash
9215 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
9217 =item A reference to a subroutine
9231 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
9241 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
9249 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
9253 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
9254 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
9255 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9263 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9273 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9277 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
9278 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9290 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
9302 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
9314 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
9315 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
9316 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
9321 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
9322 veryCompact, set, get
9328 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9336 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
9337 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
9338 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
9339 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
9346 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
9359 =head2 Encode - character encodings
9377 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
9379 =item Types of Encodings
9381 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
9382 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
9384 =item Specifying Encodings
9386 1. By name, 2. As an object
9388 =item Encoding Names
9390 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
9391 The name used by the the organization that defined it
9395 =item PERL ENCODING API
9399 =item Generic Encoding Interface
9401 =item Handling Malformed Data
9403 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
9407 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
9409 =item Listing available encodings
9411 =item Defining Aliases
9413 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
9416 =item Defining Encodings
9420 =item Encoding and IO
9422 =item Encoding How to ...
9424 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
9425 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
9427 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
9429 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
9431 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
9433 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
9434 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9438 =item Compiled Encodings
9440 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9441 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9449 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9450 of the Encode extension
9456 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9464 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9466 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9472 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9480 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9493 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9508 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9524 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9536 =item Selecting What To Export
9538 =item Specialised Import Lists
9540 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9542 =item Module Version Checking
9544 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9546 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9552 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9562 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9583 mv source... destination
9585 cp source... destination
9603 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
9613 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, PVN, YES, NO, UNDEF
9623 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
9625 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
9629 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
9635 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
9638 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9640 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
9642 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
9643 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9651 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
9663 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
9664 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
9674 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
9684 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
9696 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
9697 packlist(), version()
9705 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
9713 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
9719 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
9729 =item VMS implementation
9731 =item Win32 implementation
9739 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9748 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9752 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9779 test_via_harness (o)
9781 tool_autosplit (override)
9799 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9814 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9826 =item Preloaded methods
9846 =item SelfLoaded methods
9892 file_name_is_absolute
9898 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9938 maybe_command_in_dirs
9976 replace_manpage_separator
9990 test_via_harness (o)
10022 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10023 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10033 =item Methods always loaded
10045 =item SelfLoaded methods
10047 guess_name (override)
10051 find_perl (override)
10055 maybe_command (override)
10057 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
10059 perl_script (override)
10061 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10063 replace_manpage_separator
10065 init_others (override)
10067 constants (override)
10071 const_cccmd (override)
10073 pm_to_blib (override)
10075 tool_autosplit (override)
10077 tool_sxubpp (override)
10079 xsubpp_version (override)
10081 tools_other (override)
10091 top_targets (override)
10095 dynamic_lib (override)
10097 dynamic_bs (override)
10099 static_lib (override)
10101 manifypods (override)
10103 processPL (override)
10105 installbin (override)
10107 subdir_x (override)
10111 realclean (override)
10113 dist_basics (override)
10115 dist_core (override)
10117 dist_dir (override)
10119 dist_test (override)
10123 perldepend (override)
10125 makefile (override)
10129 test_via_harness (override)
10131 test_via_script (override)
10133 makeaperl (override)
10135 nicetext (override)
10137 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10138 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10164 test_via_harness (o)
10166 tool_autosplit (override)
10184 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
10194 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
10196 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
10204 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
10208 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
10210 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
10212 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
10214 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
10216 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
10217 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
10218 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
10219 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
10220 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
10221 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
10222 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
10223 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
10224 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
10225 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
10226 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
10227 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
10228 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
10229 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
10230 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
10232 =item Additional lowercase attributes
10234 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
10237 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
10239 =item Hintsfile support
10241 =item Distribution Support
10243 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
10244 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
10245 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
10247 =item Disabling an extension
10261 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
10269 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
10273 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
10277 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
10278 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
10282 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
10290 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
10302 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
10312 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
10321 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
10329 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
10341 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
10349 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
10359 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
10371 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
10381 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
10385 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
10393 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
10397 C<basename>, C<dirname>
10401 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
10411 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
10425 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
10435 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
10437 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
10449 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
10457 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
10469 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
10477 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
10478 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
10479 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
10489 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
10497 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
10498 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
10499 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
10503 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
10511 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
10523 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
10537 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
10571 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10589 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
10617 file_name_is_absolute
10637 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
10647 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
10679 file_name_is_absolute
10701 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
10717 =item Methods always loaded
10719 canonpath (override)
10737 case_tolerant (override)
10741 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10743 splitpath (override)
10745 splitdir (override)
10759 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
10789 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10813 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10827 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10837 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10845 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10853 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10855 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10867 =item Temporary files and NFS
10879 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10893 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10905 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10913 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10919 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10933 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
10935 =item All-in-one interface
10947 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10957 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10961 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10963 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10971 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10973 =item Example 2: Using the context
10975 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10977 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10981 =item Filter::Simple
10989 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
10997 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
11007 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
11023 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
11031 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
11033 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
11037 =item Simple options
11039 =item A little bit less simple options
11041 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
11043 =item Options with values
11045 =item Options with multiple values
11047 =item Options with hash values
11049 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
11051 =item Options with multiple names
11053 =item Case and abbreviations
11055 =item Summary of Option Specifications
11057 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
11061 =item Advanced Possibilities
11065 =item Object oriented interface
11067 =item Documentation and help texts
11069 =item Storing options in a hash
11073 =item The lonesome dash
11075 =item Argument call-back
11079 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
11081 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
11082 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
11083 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
11084 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
11085 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
11087 =item Return values and Errors
11093 =item Default destinations
11095 =item Alternative option starters
11097 =item Configuration variables
11101 =item Trouble Shooting
11105 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
11107 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
11114 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11118 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
11129 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
11140 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
11151 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
11153 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
11155 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11157 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11159 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
11161 the function super_languages($lang1)
11163 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
11165 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
11167 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
11169 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
11173 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
11175 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
11185 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
11193 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
11195 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
11197 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
11198 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
11199 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
11200 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
11201 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
11202 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
11203 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
11204 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
11205 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
11206 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
11207 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
11208 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
11209 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
11210 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
11211 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
11212 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
11213 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
11214 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
11215 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
11216 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
11217 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
11218 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
11219 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
11220 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
11221 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
11222 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
11223 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
11224 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
11225 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
11226 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
11227 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
11228 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
11229 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
11230 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
11231 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
11232 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
11233 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
11234 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
11235 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
11236 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
11237 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
11238 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
11239 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
11240 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
11241 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
11242 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
11243 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
11244 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
11245 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
11246 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
11247 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
11248 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
11249 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
11250 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
11251 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
11252 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
11253 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
11254 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
11255 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
11256 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
11257 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
11258 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
11259 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
11260 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
11261 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
11262 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
11263 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
11264 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
11265 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
11266 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
11267 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
11268 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
11269 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
11270 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
11271 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
11272 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
11273 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
11274 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
11275 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
11276 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
11277 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
11278 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
11279 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
11280 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
11281 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
11282 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
11283 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
11284 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
11285 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
11286 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
11287 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
11288 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
11289 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
11290 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
11291 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
11292 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
11293 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
11294 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
11295 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
11296 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
11297 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
11298 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
11299 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
11300 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
11301 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
11302 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
11303 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
11304 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
11305 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
11306 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
11307 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
11308 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
11309 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
11310 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
11311 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
11312 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
11313 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
11314 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
11315 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
11319 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11325 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
11335 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
11343 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11344 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11354 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11364 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11368 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11376 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
11386 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11390 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11391 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11392 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11393 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11405 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11415 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11419 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11429 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11439 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11440 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11450 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
11458 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11459 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11468 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
11478 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11482 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11483 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11484 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11494 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
11508 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11509 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11519 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
11535 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11548 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
11562 hostpath(), peerpath()
11572 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
11581 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11582 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11592 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11602 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11606 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11614 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
11625 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11629 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11630 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11631 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11632 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11644 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11654 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11658 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11668 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11678 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11679 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11689 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
11698 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11699 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11708 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
11719 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11723 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11724 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11725 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11735 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
11750 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11751 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11761 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
11762 AF_INET domain sockets
11778 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11791 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
11792 AF_UNIX domain sockets
11806 hostpath(), peerpath()
11816 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11826 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11827 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11838 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
11852 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
11865 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
11875 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11876 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11877 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11888 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
11906 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11916 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11917 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11928 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
11939 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11940 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11941 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11952 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
11960 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11961 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11963 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11969 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
11970 general-utility list subroutines
11978 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11979 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11981 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11987 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
11988 general-utility scalar subroutines
11996 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
11997 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
12005 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
12013 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12017 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
12025 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
12037 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
12043 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12045 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
12046 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
12052 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12054 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
12060 =item CODE ALIASING
12070 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12074 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
12075 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
12076 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
12077 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
12085 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
12086 identification (ISO 4217)
12104 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12106 code2currency(), currency2code()
12112 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12114 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
12122 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12126 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
12134 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
12151 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12153 code2language(), language2code()
12159 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12161 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
12169 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12173 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
12174 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
12182 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
12190 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12196 =item Construction Methods
12198 =item The "maketext" Method
12200 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
12202 =item Utility Methods
12204 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
12205 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
12206 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
12207 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
12209 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
12213 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
12215 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
12217 =item BRACKET NOTATION
12219 =item AUTO LEXICONS
12221 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
12223 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
12227 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12233 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
12241 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
12245 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
12247 =item The Linguistic View
12249 =item Breaking gettext
12251 =item Replacing gettext
12253 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
12255 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
12257 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
12259 =item Buzzword: Concision
12261 =item The Devil in the Details
12263 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
12271 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
12279 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
12283 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
12291 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
12292 of quoted-printable strings
12300 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12306 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
12315 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12321 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
12331 =item Canonical notation
12335 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
12337 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
12341 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
12342 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
12348 use Math::BigFloat qw(bstr bint);
12350 $x = bstr("1234") # string "1234"
12351 $x = "$x"; # same as bstr()
12352 $x = bneg("1234") # BigFloat "-1234"
12353 $x = Math::BigFloat->bneg("1234"); # BigFloat "1234"
12354 $x = Math::BigFloat->babs("-12345"); # BigFloat "12345"
12355 $x = Math::BigFloat->bnorm("-0 00"); # BigFloat "0"
12356 $x = bint(1) + bint(2); # BigFloat "3"
12357 $x = bint(1) + "2"; # ditto (auto-BigFloatify of "2")
12358 $x = bint(1); # BigFloat "1"
12359 $x = $x + 5 / 2; # BigFloat "3"
12360 $x = $x ** 3; # BigFloat "27"
12361 $x *= 2; # BigFloat "54"
12362 $x = new Math::BigFloat; # BigFloat "0"
12363 $x--; # BigFloat "-1"
12365 =item Autocreating constants
12373 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
12381 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
12389 Canonical notation, Input, Output
12395 bfround ( +$scale ), bround ( +$scale ), bround ( -$scale )
12399 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
12403 =item Autocreating constants
12409 :constant and eval()
12413 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow,
12414 Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt()
12422 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
12435 =item STRINGIFICATION
12439 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
12445 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
12447 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
12455 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
12463 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
12469 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
12471 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
12475 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12477 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
12481 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
12483 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12485 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
12486 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
12490 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
12496 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
12506 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
12524 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
12526 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
12530 =item OTHER FACILITIES
12536 =item C<flush_cache>
12542 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
12544 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
12552 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
12558 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
12567 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
12578 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
12590 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12598 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12606 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
12615 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
12624 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
12641 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
12649 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
12657 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12663 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12667 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12671 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
12681 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
12687 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
12697 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
12700 =item CLASS METHODS
12702 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
12703 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
12704 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
12714 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
12724 requires_firewall HOST
12726 =item NetConfig VALUES
12728 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
12729 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_ext_passive, ftp_int_pasive,
12730 local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
12734 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
12743 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
12751 =head2 Net::DummyInetd - A dummy Inetd server
12773 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
12785 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
12789 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
12790 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
12791 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
12792 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), rmdir ( DIR ), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE
12793 ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [,
12794 WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [,
12795 REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (),
12796 mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash (
12797 [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [
12798 DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port (
12799 [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
12800 pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait (
12801 NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
12805 =item Methods for the adventurous
12811 =item THE dataconn CLASS
12813 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
12816 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
12818 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
12820 =item REPORTING BUGS
12832 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
12842 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
12846 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
12847 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
12848 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
12849 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
12850 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
12855 =item Extension methods
12857 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
12858 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
12859 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
12860 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
12869 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
12879 =head2 Net::PH - CCSO Nameserver Client class
12889 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
12893 query( SEARCH [, RETURN ] ), change( SEARCH , MAKE ), login( USER, PASS [,
12894 ENCRYPT ]), logout(), fields( [ FIELD_LIST ] ), add( FIELD_VALUES ),
12895 delete( FIELD_VALUES ), id( [ ID ] ), status(), siteinfo(), quit()
12903 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
12909 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
12921 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
12925 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
12926 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
12927 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
12928 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
12940 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
12948 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
12954 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
12955 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
12963 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
12975 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
12979 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), mail ( ADDRESS [,
12980 OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail (
12981 ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ),
12982 to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ),
12983 verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
12993 =head2 Net::SNPP - Simple Network Pager Protocol Client
13007 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
13011 reset (), help (), quit ()
13023 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
13031 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
13032 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
13040 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
13057 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
13065 =item Where to get this document
13067 =item How to contribute to this document
13071 =item Author and Copyright Information
13079 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
13083 =item What is libnet ?
13085 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
13087 =item What other modules do I need ?
13089 =item What machines support libnet ?
13091 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
13095 =item Using Net::FTP
13099 =item How do I download files from a FTP server ?
13101 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
13103 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
13105 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
13108 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
13110 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
13112 =item How do I get a directory listing from a FTP server ?
13114 =item Changeing directory to "" does not fail ?
13116 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
13118 =item I am behind a FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
13121 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
13123 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
13126 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
13129 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
13133 =item Using Net::SMTP
13137 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
13140 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
13142 =item The verify method always returns true ?
13146 =item Debugging scripts
13150 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
13154 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
13158 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
13175 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
13190 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
13207 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
13215 =item THE .netrc FILE
13217 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
13222 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
13226 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
13236 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
13246 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13252 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
13260 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13266 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13270 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13274 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
13286 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
13288 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
13289 or optag, an operator set (opset)
13291 =item Opcode Functions
13293 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
13294 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
13295 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
13298 =item Manipulating Opsets
13300 =item TO DO (maybe)
13306 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
13308 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
13309 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
13310 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
13319 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
13328 a new namespace, an operator mask
13334 =item RECENT CHANGES
13336 =item Methods in class Safe
13338 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13339 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13340 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13341 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13343 =item Some Safety Issues
13345 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13353 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
13366 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
13380 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
13381 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
13382 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
13383 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
13384 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
13385 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
13386 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
13387 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
13388 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
13389 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
13390 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
13391 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
13392 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
13393 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
13394 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
13395 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
13396 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
13397 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
13398 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
13399 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
13400 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
13401 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
13402 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
13403 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
13404 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
13411 =item POSIX::SigAction
13415 =item POSIX::SigSet
13417 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
13419 =item POSIX::Termios
13421 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
13422 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
13423 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
13424 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
13425 values, c_oflag field values
13429 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
13433 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
13437 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
13495 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
13504 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
13508 =item Defaults and how to override them
13518 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
13528 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
13536 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
13537 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
13538 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
13539 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
13540 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
13541 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
13542 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
13546 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
13552 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
13558 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
13570 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
13571 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
13572 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
13573 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
13574 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
13575 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
13576 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
13577 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
13582 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
13583 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
13584 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
13585 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
13586 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
13587 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
13591 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
13592 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
13604 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
13606 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
13609 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
13611 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
13613 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
13615 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
13617 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
13625 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
13637 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
13639 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
13646 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
13652 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
13654 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
13661 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
13673 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
13683 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
13684 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
13699 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
13712 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
13713 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
13719 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
13743 =item B<was_cutting()>
13749 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
13755 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
13761 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13767 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
13773 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13779 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
13785 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
13791 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13797 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13803 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
13809 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
13815 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13821 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
13827 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
13833 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
13839 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13845 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
13851 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
13857 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13863 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13869 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
13875 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
13881 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
13887 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
13893 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
13899 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
13905 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
13911 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13917 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
13929 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
13941 =item OBJECT METHODS
13949 =item Data Accessors
13965 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
13967 B<StartWithNewPage>
13981 =item Subclassed methods
13995 B<interior_sequence>
14011 =item Methods for headings
14019 =item Internal methods
14025 B<_replace_special_chars>
14031 B<_clean_latex_commands>
14047 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
14055 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
14060 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
14061 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
14062 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
14063 line %d, Unmatched =back
14073 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
14087 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
14095 $list-E<gt>indent()
14103 $list-E<gt>parent()
14109 =item Pod::Hyperlink
14111 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
14115 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
14117 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
14121 $link-E<gt>warning()
14123 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
14129 $link-E<gt>alttext()
14139 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
14145 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
14149 =item Pod::Cache::Item
14151 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
14155 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
14157 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
14159 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
14161 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
14163 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
14165 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
14167 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
14177 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
14189 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14191 =item PARSING OPTIONS
14193 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
14194 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
14200 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14208 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14214 =item B<verbatim()>
14216 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14222 =item B<textblock()>
14224 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14230 =item B<interior_sequence()>
14236 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14248 =item B<initialize()>
14254 =item B<begin_pod()>
14260 =item B<begin_input()>
14266 =item B<end_input()>
14278 =item B<preprocess_line()>
14284 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
14290 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
14296 =item B<parse_text()>
14298 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
14299 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
14300 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
14306 =item B<interpolate()>
14312 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
14318 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
14324 =item B<parse_from_file()>
14330 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
14336 =item B<errorsub()>
14348 =item B<parseopts()>
14354 =item B<output_file()>
14360 =item B<output_handle()>
14366 =item B<input_file()>
14372 =item B<input_handle()>
14378 =item B<input_streams()>
14384 =item B<top_stream()>
14390 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14396 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
14402 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
14408 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
14416 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
14436 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
14449 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
14451 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
14457 =item OBJECT METHODS
14463 =item B<curr_headings()>
14475 =item B<add_selection()>
14481 =item B<clear_selections()>
14487 =item B<match_section()>
14493 =item B<is_selected()>
14499 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
14505 =item B<podselect()>
14507 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
14513 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14519 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
14525 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
14531 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
14543 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
14551 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
14555 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
14556 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
14557 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
14569 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
14585 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
14602 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
14603 text with format escapes
14617 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
14626 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
14635 =item Recommended Use
14643 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
14647 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
14655 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14661 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14665 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14669 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
14677 a new namespace, an operator mask
14683 =item RECENT CHANGES
14685 =item Methods in class Safe
14687 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14688 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14689 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14690 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14692 =item Some Safety Issues
14694 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14702 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
14710 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
14711 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14719 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
14729 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
14739 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
14749 =item The __DATA__ token
14751 =item SelfLoader autoloading
14753 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
14755 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
14757 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
14759 =item Classes and inherited methods.
14763 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
14767 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
14777 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
14785 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
14786 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
14794 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
14795 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
14796 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
14797 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
14798 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
14802 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
14812 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
14816 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
14818 =item ERROR REPORTING
14826 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
14831 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
14832 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
14856 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
14870 =item Allowing fall-through
14872 =item Automating fall-through
14874 =item Higher-order Operations
14888 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
14898 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
14910 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
14911 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
14919 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
14920 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
14931 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
14932 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
14940 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
14941 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
14952 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
14962 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
14963 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
14974 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
14986 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
14994 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
15004 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
15005 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
15013 =item Minimal set of supported functions
15015 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
15016 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
15018 =item Additional supported functions
15020 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
15030 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
15056 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
15060 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15070 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
15080 =item The test script output
15082 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
15083 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
15084 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
15088 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
15111 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
15112 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
15113 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
15114 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
15118 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
15119 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
15134 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
15144 =item I love it when a plan comes together
15148 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
15166 B<use_ok>, B<require_ok>
15172 =item Conditional tests
15174 B<skip> * UNIMPLEMENTED *
15178 B<todo> * UNIMPLEMENTED *
15182 =item Comparision functions
15194 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15204 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
15234 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Pod::Tests>, L<SelfTest>,
15239 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
15251 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
15261 =item General behaviour in list contexts
15265 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
15267 =item A note about prefixes
15269 =item C<extract_delimited>
15271 =item C<extract_bracketed>
15273 =item C<extract_tagged>
15275 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
15276 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
15278 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
15280 =item C<extract_quotelike>
15282 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
15284 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
15286 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
15288 =item C<extract_codeblock>
15290 =item C<extract_multiple>
15292 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
15298 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
15299 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
15300 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
15301 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
15302 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
15303 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
15304 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
15305 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
15306 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
15307 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
15308 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
15309 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
15314 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15320 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
15335 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
15352 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
15367 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
15381 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
15394 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
15395 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
15396 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
15400 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
15408 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
15416 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15418 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
15424 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
15432 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15434 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
15438 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
15450 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
15460 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
15468 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
15469 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
15470 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
15471 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
15479 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
15488 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
15489 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
15490 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
15491 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
15493 =item MORE INFORMATION
15495 =item COMPATIBILITY
15499 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
15507 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
15508 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
15512 =item MORE INFORMATION
15516 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
15534 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
15543 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
15545 =item MORE INFORMATION
15549 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
15561 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday
15569 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
15570 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
15571 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
15572 getitimer ( $which )
15588 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
15596 =item IMPLEMENTATION
15602 =head2 Time::Piece - Object Oriented time objects
15614 =item Local Locales
15616 =item Date Calculations
15618 =item Date Comparisons
15620 =item YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
15624 =item strftime method
15626 %%, %a, %A, %b, %B, %c, %C, %d, %D, %e, %h, %H, %I, %j, %m, %M, %n, %p, %r,
15627 %R, %S, %t, %T, %u, %U, %V, %w, %W, %x, %y, %Y, %Z
15629 =item strptime function
15631 =item Global Overriding
15649 =head2 Time::Piece::Seconds, Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert
15650 seconds to other date values
15668 =head2 Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert seconds to other date values
15686 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
15701 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
15716 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
15728 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
15736 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
15737 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
15741 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
15769 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
15784 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
15795 =item System Specifics
15809 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
15817 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
15819 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
15820 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
15821 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
15822 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
15823 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
15824 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
15825 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
15826 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
15827 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
15828 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
15829 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
15830 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
15831 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
15832 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
15833 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
15834 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
15840 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
15858 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
15870 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
15872 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
15873 don't all have manual pages yet:
15899 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles