4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
365 open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR
366 : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
367 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
368 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
369 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
370 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
371 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
372 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
373 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
374 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
375 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
376 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
377 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
378 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
379 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
380 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
381 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
382 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
383 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
384 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
385 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
386 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
387 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
388 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
389 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
390 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
391 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
392 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
393 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
394 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
395 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
396 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
397 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
398 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
399 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
400 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
401 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
402 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
403 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
404 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
410 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
416 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
424 =item Making References
426 =item Using References
444 =item Distribution Conditions
450 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
456 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
457 more elaborate constructs
461 =item COMMON MISTAKES
463 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
465 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
471 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
475 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
477 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
479 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
483 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
487 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
489 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
491 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
495 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
499 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
501 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
503 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
507 =item HASHES OF HASHES
511 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
513 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
515 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
519 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
523 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
525 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
527 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
539 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
549 =item Simple word matching
551 =item Using character classes
553 =item Matching this or that
555 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
557 =item Extracting matches
559 =item Matching repetitions
563 =item Search and replace
565 =item The split operator
573 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
577 =item Acknowledgments
583 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
591 =item Verbatim Paragraph
593 =item Command Paragraph
595 =item Ordinary Block of Text
599 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
601 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
611 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
619 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
637 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
639 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
640 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
641 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
642 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
644 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
646 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
647 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
648 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
652 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
654 =item Numerical Traps
656 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
658 =item General data type traps
660 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
661 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
663 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
665 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
667 =item Precedence Traps
669 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
672 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
674 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
675 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
678 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
680 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
686 =item Interpolation Traps
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
689 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
695 =item Unclassified Traps
697 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
704 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
714 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
716 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
718 =item Location of Perl
720 =item Command Switches
722 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
723 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
724 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
725 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
726 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
727 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
734 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
735 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
736 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
740 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
748 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
756 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
758 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
760 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
764 =item Backward Compatibility
766 =item Category Hierarchy
770 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
782 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
790 =item Looking at data and -w and w
794 =item Stepping through code
796 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
798 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
816 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
822 =item The Perl Debugger
826 =item Debugger Commands
828 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
829 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
830 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
831 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
832 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
833 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
834 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
835 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
836 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
838 =item Configurable Options
840 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
841 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
842 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
843 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
844 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
845 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
847 =item Debugger input/output
849 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
852 =item Debugging compile-time statements
854 =item Debugger Customization
856 =item Readline Support
858 =item Editor Support for Debugging
860 =item The Perl Profiler
864 =item Debugging regular expressions
866 =item Debugging memory usage
874 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
882 =item Predefined Names
884 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
885 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
886 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
887 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
888 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
890 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
891 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
892 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
894 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
895 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
896 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
897 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
898 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
899 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
900 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
901 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
902 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
903 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
904 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
905 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
906 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
907 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
908 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
909 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
910 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
911 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_,
912 %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
914 =item Error Indicators
916 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
924 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
932 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
934 =item Growing Your Own
936 =item Access and Printing
948 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
954 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
964 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
970 =item Open E<agrave> la C
974 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
978 =item Obscure Open Tricks
982 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
984 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
988 =item Single Argument Open
990 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
994 =item Other I/O Issues
998 =item Opening Non-File Files
1008 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1014 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1020 =item Part 1: The basics
1024 =item Simple word matching
1026 =item Using character classes
1028 =item Matching this or that
1030 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1032 =item Extracting matches
1034 =item Matching repetitions
1036 =item Building a regexp
1038 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1042 =item Part 2: Power tools
1046 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1048 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1050 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1052 =item Non-capturing groupings
1054 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1056 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1058 =item Conditional expressions
1060 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1062 =item Pragmas and debugging
1070 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1074 =item Acknowledgments
1080 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1090 =item Regular Expressions
1092 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1094 =item Extended Patterns
1096 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1097 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1098 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1099 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1103 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1105 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1107 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1109 =item Combining pieces together
1111 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1112 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1113 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1114 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1116 =item Creating custom RE engines
1126 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1136 =item Making References
1138 =item Using References
1140 =item Symbolic references
1142 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1144 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1146 =item Function Templates
1156 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1164 =item Format Variables
1174 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1182 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1190 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1192 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1194 =item Invoking a barnyard
1196 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1198 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1200 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1202 =item A few notes about @ISA
1204 =item Overriding the methods
1206 =item Starting the search from a different place
1208 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1210 =item Where we're at so far...
1212 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1214 =item Invoking an instance method
1216 =item Accessing the instance data
1218 =item How to build a horse
1220 =item Inheriting the constructor
1222 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1224 =item Adding parameters to a method
1226 =item More interesting instances
1228 =item A horse of a different color
1240 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1246 =item Creating a Class
1250 =item Object Representation
1252 =item Class Interface
1254 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1256 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1260 =item Other Object Methods
1268 =item Accessing Class Data
1270 =item Debugging Methods
1272 =item Class Destructors
1274 =item Documenting the Interface
1284 =item Overridden Methods
1286 =item Multiple Inheritance
1288 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1292 =item Alternate Object Representations
1296 =item Arrays as Objects
1298 =item Closures as Objects
1302 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1306 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1308 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1312 =item Metaclassical Tools
1318 =item Data Members as Variables
1326 =item Object Terminology
1332 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1338 =item Acknowledgments
1344 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1350 =item Class Data in a Can
1352 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1356 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1358 =item Inheritance Concerns
1360 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1362 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1364 =item Monadic Classes
1366 =item Translucent Attributes
1370 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1374 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1376 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1378 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1380 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1382 =item Translucency Revisited
1390 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1392 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1398 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1406 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1408 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1410 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1412 =item Method Invocation
1414 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1416 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1418 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1424 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1432 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1438 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1440 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1442 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1444 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1446 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1448 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1450 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1452 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1454 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1456 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1462 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1474 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1479 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1480 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1481 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1482 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1487 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1488 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1489 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1491 =item Tying FileHandles
1493 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1494 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1499 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1511 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1512 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1528 =item Using open() for IPC
1534 =item Background Processes
1536 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1538 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1540 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1542 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1546 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1550 =item Internet Line Terminators
1552 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1554 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1558 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1562 =item A Simple Client
1564 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1566 =item A Webget Client
1568 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1572 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1574 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1576 =item UDP: Message Passing
1590 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1600 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1602 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1603 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1604 files, directories and network sockets
1606 =item Resource limits
1608 =item Killing the parent process
1610 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1612 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1614 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1615 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1616 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1628 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1636 =item Storing numbers
1638 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1640 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1642 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1643 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1644 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1653 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1659 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1661 =item Threaded Program Models
1673 =item Native threads
1675 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1677 =item Threadsafe Modules
1683 =item Basic Thread Support
1685 =item Creating Threads
1687 =item Giving up control
1689 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1691 =item Errors In Threads
1693 =item Ignoring A Thread
1697 =item Threads And Data
1701 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1703 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1705 =item Controlling access: lock()
1707 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1709 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1713 =item Threads And Code
1717 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1719 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1721 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1723 =item Subroutine Locks
1727 =item Locking A Subroutine
1731 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1735 =item What Thread Am I In?
1739 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1741 =item What Threads Are Running?
1745 =item A Complete Example
1753 =item Introductory Texts
1755 =item OS-Related References
1757 =item Other References
1761 =item Acknowledgements
1769 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1775 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1784 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1786 =item Files and Filesystems
1788 =item System Interaction
1790 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1792 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1794 =item Standard Modules
1798 =item Character sets and character encoding
1800 =item Internationalisation
1802 =item System Resources
1812 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1813 http://testers.cpan.org/
1821 =item DOS and Derivatives
1829 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1837 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1841 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1843 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1844 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1845 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1846 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1847 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1848 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1849 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1850 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1851 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1852 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1853 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1854 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1855 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1856 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1857 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1858 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1859 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1860 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1861 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1862 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1863 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1864 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1865 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1866 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1867 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1873 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1874 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1875 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1876 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1877 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1878 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1880 =item Supported Platforms
1884 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1890 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1897 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1903 =item The use locale pragma
1905 =item The setlocale function
1907 =item Finding locales
1909 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1911 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1913 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1915 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1917 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1919 =item The localeconv function
1921 =item I18N::Langinfo
1925 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1929 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1931 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1933 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1935 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1939 =item Other categories
1947 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1948 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1954 =item Backward compatibility
1956 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1958 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1960 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1962 =item Freely available locale definitions
1966 =item An imperfect standard
1974 =item Broken systems
1984 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1992 =item Important Caveats
1994 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1995 to enable a few features
1997 =item Byte and Character semantics
1999 =item Effects of character semantics
2005 =item Character encodings for input and output
2015 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2021 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2029 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2033 =item 13 variant characters
2041 =item Unicode and UTF
2045 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2047 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2049 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2063 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2065 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2067 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2069 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2077 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2079 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2081 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2083 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2087 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2091 =item URL decoding and encoding
2093 =item uu encoding and decoding
2095 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2097 =item Caesarian ciphers
2101 =item Hashing order and checksums
2105 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2117 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2137 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2145 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2147 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2149 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2153 =item Protecting Your Programs
2161 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2173 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2179 =item Making your module threadsafe
2187 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2193 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2197 =item Pragmatic Modules
2199 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2200 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2201 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register
2203 =item Standard Modules
2205 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2206 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2207 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2208 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2209 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2210 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2211 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2212 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2213 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2214 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2215 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2216 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2217 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2218 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2219 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2220 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2221 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2222 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2223 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2224 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2225 Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
2226 Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2227 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize,
2228 Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile,
2229 Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File,
2230 Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config,
2231 Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping,
2232 Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
2233 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
2234 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
2235 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select,
2236 Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap,
2237 Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
2238 Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2239 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Test::More,
2240 Test::Simple, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2241 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2242 Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array,
2243 Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash,
2244 Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, UnicodeCD,
2245 User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2247 =item Extension Modules
2259 =item Central America
2271 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2275 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2277 Adding a Copyright Notice
2279 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2281 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2289 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2299 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2300 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2314 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2324 =item What should I make into a module?
2326 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2328 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2330 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2332 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2333 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2334 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2336 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2338 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2339 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2349 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2350 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2360 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2362 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2364 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2366 =item What is perl6?
2368 =item How stable is Perl?
2370 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2372 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2375 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2377 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2379 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2381 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2383 =item What is a JAPH?
2385 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2387 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2388 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2392 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2396 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2397 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2405 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2407 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2409 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2411 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2414 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2415 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2417 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2418 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2420 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2422 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2424 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2426 =item Where should I post source code?
2430 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2432 =item Perl in Magazines
2434 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2436 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2438 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2440 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2442 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2444 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2448 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2452 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2461 =item How do I do (anything)?
2463 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2465 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2467 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2469 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2471 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2473 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2475 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2477 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2479 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2480 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2481 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2483 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2485 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2487 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2489 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2491 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2493 =item What is undump?
2495 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2497 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2499 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2501 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2503 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2505 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2507 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2509 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2511 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2513 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2515 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2517 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2519 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2521 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2523 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2524 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2526 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2529 =item What's MakeMaker?
2533 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2537 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2548 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2549 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2551 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2553 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2556 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2558 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2560 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2562 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2564 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2566 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2574 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2576 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2578 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2580 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2582 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2584 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2586 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2594 =item How do I validate input?
2596 =item How do I unescape a string?
2598 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2600 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2602 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2604 =item How do I reverse a string?
2606 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2608 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2610 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2612 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2614 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2617 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2619 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2620 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2622 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2624 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2626 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2628 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2630 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2632 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2634 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2636 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2637 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2646 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2648 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2650 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2654 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
2657 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2658 intersection of two arrays?
2660 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2662 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2664 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2666 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2668 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2670 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2672 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2674 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2676 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2678 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2680 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2684 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2688 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2690 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2693 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2695 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2697 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2699 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2701 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2703 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2705 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2707 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2709 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2711 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2713 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2716 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2717 array of hashes or arrays?
2719 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2727 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2729 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2731 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2733 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2735 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2737 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2739 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2743 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2747 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2756 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2758 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2759 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2761 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2763 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2765 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2767 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2768 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2770 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2772 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2774 =item How can I write() into a string?
2776 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2778 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2780 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2782 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2784 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2786 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2788 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2790 =item How can I lock a file?
2792 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2794 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2795 the file. How can I do this?
2797 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
2798 file. Do I still have to use locking?
2800 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2802 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2804 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2806 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2808 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2810 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2812 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2814 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2816 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2818 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2820 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2822 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2823 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2825 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2827 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2828 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2830 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2832 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2836 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2840 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2848 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2849 and unmaintainable code?
2851 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2853 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2855 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2858 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2860 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2863 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2865 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2867 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2869 =item What is C</o> really for?
2871 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2874 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2876 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2878 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2880 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2882 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2884 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2886 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2888 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2890 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2892 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2894 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2896 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2898 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2902 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2906 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2907 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2915 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2917 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2920 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2923 =item How do I skip some return values?
2925 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2927 =item What's an extension?
2929 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2931 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2933 =item How do I create a module?
2935 =item How do I create a class?
2937 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2939 =item What's a closure?
2941 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2943 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2946 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2949 =item How do I create a static variable?
2951 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2952 Between local() and my()?
2954 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2957 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2959 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2961 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2963 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2965 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2967 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2969 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2971 =item How can I find out my current package?
2973 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2975 =item How do I clear a package?
2977 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2981 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2985 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2994 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2996 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2998 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3000 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3002 =item How do I print something out in color?
3004 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3006 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3008 =item How do I clear the screen?
3010 =item How do I get the screen size?
3012 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3014 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3016 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3018 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3020 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3022 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3024 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3026 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3028 =item How do I set the time and date?
3030 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3032 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3034 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3036 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3037 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3039 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3041 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3043 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3045 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3047 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3049 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3051 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3053 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3055 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3057 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3060 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3062 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3064 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3066 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3069 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3070 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3071 changes to be visible?
3075 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3078 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3080 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3082 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3084 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3086 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3088 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3090 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3092 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3094 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3096 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3098 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3100 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3103 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3105 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3109 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3113 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3122 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3125 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3127 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3129 =item How do I extract URLs?
3131 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3132 file on another machine?
3134 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3136 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3138 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3140 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3142 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3144 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3146 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3148 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3149 CGI script to do bad things?
3151 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3153 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3155 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3157 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3159 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3161 =item How do I send mail?
3163 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3165 =item How do I read mail?
3167 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3169 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3171 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3173 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3177 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3181 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3191 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3195 =item Using The Back Ends
3199 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3203 =item The Decompiling Back End
3205 =item The Lint Back End
3207 =item The Simple C Back End
3209 =item The Bytecode Back End
3211 =item The Optimized C Back End
3213 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3214 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3215 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3219 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3225 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3235 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3236 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3240 =item Compiling your C program
3242 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3244 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3246 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3248 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3250 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3252 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3254 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3256 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3261 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3271 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3277 =item Debugger Internals
3281 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3285 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3287 =item Debugging regular expressions
3291 =item Compile-time output
3293 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3294 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3295 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3298 =item Types of nodes
3300 =item Run-time output
3304 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3308 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3310 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3311 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3314 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3316 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3318 =item B<-DL> details
3322 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3330 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3342 =item Version caveat
3344 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3356 =item What has gone on?
3358 =item Writing good test scripts
3362 =item What's new here?
3364 =item Input and Output Parameters
3366 =item The XSUBPP Program
3368 =item The TYPEMAP file
3370 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3374 =item What has happened here?
3376 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3378 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3380 =item More about XSUB arguments
3382 =item The Argument Stack
3384 =item Extending your Extension
3386 =item Documenting your Extension
3388 =item Installing your Extension
3392 =item New Things in this Example
3396 =item New Things in this Example
3398 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3400 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3402 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3404 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3420 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3432 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3434 =item The Argument Stack
3436 =item The RETVAL Variable
3438 =item The MODULE Keyword
3440 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3442 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3444 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3446 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3448 =item The CODE: Keyword
3450 =item The INIT: Keyword
3452 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3454 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3456 =item Default Parameter Values
3458 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3460 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3462 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3464 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3466 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3468 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3470 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3472 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3474 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3476 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3478 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3480 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3482 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3484 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3486 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3488 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3490 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3492 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3494 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3496 =item The CASE: Keyword
3498 =item The & Unary Operator
3500 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3502 =item Using XS With C++
3504 =item Interface Strategy
3506 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3520 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3530 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3532 =item File Operations
3534 =item File Input and Output
3536 =item File Positioning
3538 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3540 =item Character Class Tests
3542 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3544 =item Miscellaneous functions
3552 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3564 =item What is an "IV"?
3566 =item Working with SVs
3570 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3572 =item Working with AVs
3574 =item Working with HVs
3576 =item Hash API Extensions
3580 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3582 =item Creating New Variables
3584 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3586 =item Stashes and Globs
3588 =item Double-Typed SVs
3590 =item Magic Variables
3592 =item Assigning Magic
3594 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3598 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3600 =item Localizing changes
3602 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3603 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3604 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3605 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3606 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3607 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3608 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3609 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3610 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3611 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3619 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3621 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3623 =item Memory Allocation
3627 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3631 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3641 =item Examining the tree
3643 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3645 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3647 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3649 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3651 =item Pluggable runops
3655 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3657 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3661 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3663 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3665 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3667 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3669 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3673 =item Internal Functions
3675 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3679 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3681 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3683 =item Source Documentation
3687 =item Unicode Support
3691 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3693 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3695 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3697 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3699 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3701 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3711 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3717 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3719 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3721 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3741 =item Determining the Context
3745 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3751 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3753 =item Passing Parameters
3755 =item Returning a Scalar
3757 =item Returning a list of values
3759 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3761 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3765 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3769 =item Using call_argv
3771 =item Using call_method
3775 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3777 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3779 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3780 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3783 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3785 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3797 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3807 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3808 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3809 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3810 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3814 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3816 =item Administration
3818 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3822 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3823 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3831 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3841 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3843 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3845 B<Decryption Filters>
3847 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3849 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3851 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3863 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3871 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3872 B<filter_fetch_value>
3878 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3880 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3890 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3896 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3897 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3898 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
3899 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
3900 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
3901 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
3902 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, GvSV,
3903 gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv,
3904 gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID,
3905 HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force,
3906 HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
3907 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
3908 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store,
3909 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
3910 isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items, ix, LEAVE, load_module,
3911 looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get,
3912 mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV,
3913 newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf,
3914 newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto,
3915 Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc,
3916 perl_clone, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
3917 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn,
3918 POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
3919 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
3920 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
3921 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
3922 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
3923 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK,
3924 SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK,
3925 SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV,
3926 SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen,
3927 SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen,
3928 SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT,
3929 SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC,
3930 SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH,
3931 SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype,
3932 SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK,
3933 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
3934 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
3935 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
3936 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
3937 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
3938 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
3939 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
3940 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
3941 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
3942 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
3943 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
3944 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
3945 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3946 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3947 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3948 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
3949 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
3950 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
3951 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
3952 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER,
3953 toUPPER, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
3954 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
3955 uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN,
3956 XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV,
3957 XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV,
3958 XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3966 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3973 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3974 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
3975 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
3983 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3993 =item History and Background
3995 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3997 =item Data Structures
3999 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
4000 data for a particular handle
4002 =item Functions and Attributes
4004 =item Per-instance Data
4006 =item Layers in action.
4008 =item Per-instance flag bits
4010 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4011 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4012 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4013 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4015 =item Methods in Detail
4017 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4018 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4019 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4020 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4021 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4022 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4023 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4024 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4025 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4026 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4027 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4028 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4029 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4030 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4034 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4036 =item Extension Layers
4038 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4044 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4052 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4053 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4054 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4055 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4056 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4057 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4058 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4059 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4060 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4061 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4062 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4066 =item Co-existence with stdio
4068 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4069 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4071 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4073 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4074 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4075 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4076 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4078 =item Other Functions
4080 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4081 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4087 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4093 =item To do during 5.6.x
4097 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4099 =item Eliminate need for "use utf8";
4101 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4103 =item Autoload byte.pm
4105 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4107 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4109 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4111 =item Unicode case mappings
4113 =item Unicode regular expression character classes
4115 =item use Thread for iThreads
4117 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4119 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4121 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4123 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4125 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4127 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4129 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4131 =item Complete signal handling
4133 =item Out-of-source builds
4135 =item POSIX realtime support
4137 =item UNIX98 support
4141 =item Long double conversion
4145 =item Thread-safe regexes
4147 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4149 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4151 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4153 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4155 =item Custom opcodes
4157 =item spawnvp() on Win32
4159 =item DLL Versioning
4161 =item Introduce @( and @)
4163 =item Floating point handling
4165 =item IV/UV preservation
4167 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4169 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4171 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4173 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4175 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4177 =item Document Win32 choices
4179 =item Check new modules
4181 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4185 =item To do at some point
4189 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4191 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4193 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4195 =item bitfields in pack
4197 =item Cross compilation
4199 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4201 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4203 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4205 =item -i rename file when changed
4207 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4209 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4211 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4213 =item my sub foo { }
4215 =item One-pass global destruction
4217 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4219 =item Cache recently used regexps
4221 =item Re-entrant functions
4223 =item Cross-compilation support
4225 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4227 =item debugger pragma
4229 =item use less pragma
4231 =item switch structures
4233 =item Cache eval tree
4237 =item Shrink opcode tables
4239 =item Optimize away @_
4241 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4245 =item Prototype method calls
4247 =item Return context prototype declarations
4251 =item Garbage collection
4255 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4257 =item Rewrite perldoc
4259 =item Install .3p manpages
4261 =item Unicode tutorial
4263 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4265 =item Retargetable installation
4267 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4269 =item Rename Win32 headers
4271 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4273 =item Update sprintf documentation
4275 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4283 =item ref() in list context
4285 =item Make tr/// return histogram
4287 =item Compile to real threaded code
4289 =item Structured types
4291 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4293 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4297 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4299 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4303 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4305 =item Constant function cache
4307 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4315 =item Update guts documentation
4317 =item Add more tests
4319 =item Update auxiliary tools
4323 =item Recently done things
4327 =item Safe signal handling
4333 =item setitimer and getimiter
4335 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4337 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4339 =item Explicit switch statements
4347 =item perlcc to produce executable
4349 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4351 =item Secure temporary file module
4353 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4355 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4357 =item Mmap for input
4359 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4361 =item Add sockatmark support
4363 =item Mailing list archives
4367 =item Integrate MacPerl
4369 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4371 =item Regular expression tutorial
4373 =item Debugging Tutorial
4375 =item Integrate new modules
4377 =item Integrate profiler
4379 =item Y2K error detection
4381 =item Regular expression debugger
4385 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4387 =item Cache precompiled modules
4391 =item Deprecated Wishes
4395 =item Loop control on do{}
4397 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4403 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4405 =item Named prototypes
4407 =item Built-in globbing
4409 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4411 =item Cached hash values
4413 =item Add compression modules
4415 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4417 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4419 =item Make XS easier to use
4421 =item Make embedding easier to use
4425 =item my $Package::variable
4427 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4429 =item "class"-based lexicals
4433 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4435 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4441 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4447 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4448 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4449 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4450 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4451 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4452 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4453 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4457 =item Keeping in sync
4459 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4460 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4462 =item Why rsync the source tree
4464 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4466 =item Why rsync the patches
4468 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4469 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4471 =item Submitting patches
4473 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4474 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4476 =item Finding Your Way Around
4478 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4480 =item Elements of the interpreter
4482 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4484 =item Internal Variable Types
4490 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4492 =item Millions of Macros
4494 =item Poking at Perl
4496 =item Using a source-level debugger
4498 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4499 finish, 'enter', print
4501 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4505 =item Patching a core module
4507 =item Writing a test
4509 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4510 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>
4514 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4518 =item Rational Software's Purify
4520 =item Purify on Unix
4522 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4526 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4528 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4530 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4534 =item Gprof Profiling
4536 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4538 =item GCC gcov Profiling
4540 =item Pixie Profiling
4542 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4547 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4555 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4563 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4575 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4577 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4581 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4585 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4591 =item Reporting Bugs
4599 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
4605 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4607 =item Incompatible Changes
4611 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4613 =item AIX Dynaloading
4615 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
4617 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
4623 =item Core Enhancements
4625 =item Modules and Pragmata
4629 =item New Modules and Distributions
4631 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4635 =item Utility Changes
4637 =item New Documentation
4639 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4643 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4645 =item Generic Improvements
4649 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4653 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4657 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4659 =item Source Code Enhancements
4663 =item MAGIC constants
4665 =item Better commented code
4667 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
4675 =item Known Problems
4681 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
4683 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4685 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
4687 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configur
4689 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
4691 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4695 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
4697 =item Failure of Thread tests
4707 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4709 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4711 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
4713 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4715 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4717 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
4721 =item Reporting Bugs
4729 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4735 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4737 =item Incompatible Changes
4739 =item Core Enhancements
4743 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
4745 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
4747 =item Signals Are Now Safe
4751 =item Modules and Pragmata
4757 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4761 =item Performance Enhancements
4763 =item Utility Changes
4765 =item New Documentation
4781 =item README.solaris
4785 =item Porting/repository.pod
4789 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4793 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4795 =item Generic Improvements
4797 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4798 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4799 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4803 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4807 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4811 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4813 =item Changed Internals
4817 =item Known Problems
4821 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4823 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4825 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4827 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4831 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4833 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4835 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4837 =item Failure of Thread tests
4839 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4841 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4843 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4845 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4849 =item Reporting Bugs
4857 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4863 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4865 =item Incompatible Changes
4867 =item Core Enhancements
4869 =item Modules and Pragmata
4875 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4879 =item Utility Changes
4881 =item New Documentation
4883 =item Performance Enhancements
4885 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4889 =item Generic Improvements
4893 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4897 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4901 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4903 =item Changed Internals
4905 =item Known Problems
4909 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4911 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4913 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4915 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4917 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4919 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4921 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4923 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4925 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4927 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4931 =item Reporting Bugs
4939 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4945 =item Core Enhancements
4949 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4951 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4953 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4955 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4957 =item "our" declarations
4959 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4961 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4963 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4965 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4967 =item open() with more than two arguments
4969 =item 64-bit support
4971 =item Large file support
4977 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4979 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4981 =item File globbing implemented internally
4983 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4985 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4987 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4989 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4991 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4993 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4995 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4997 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4999 =item Comments in pack() templates
5001 =item Weak references
5003 =item Binary numbers supported
5005 =item Lvalue subroutines
5007 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5009 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5011 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5013 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5015 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5017 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5019 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5021 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5023 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5025 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5027 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5029 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5031 =item Improved diagnostics
5033 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5035 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5037 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5039 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5041 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5043 =item Improved security features
5045 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5047 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5049 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5051 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5053 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5055 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5057 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5061 =item Modules and Pragmata
5067 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5068 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5069 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5070 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5071 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5072 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5073 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5074 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5080 =item Utility Changes
5094 =item The Perl Debugger
5098 =item Improved Documentation
5100 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5101 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5102 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5103 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5105 =item Performance enhancements
5109 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5111 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5113 =item Faster subroutine calls
5115 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5119 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5123 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5125 =item New Configure flags
5127 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5133 =item -Duselargefiles
5135 =item installusrbinperl
5141 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5145 =item Platform specific changes
5149 =item Supported platforms
5153 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5161 =item Significant bug fixes
5165 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5167 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5169 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5171 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5173 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5175 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5177 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5179 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5181 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5183 =item Locale bugs fixed
5187 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5189 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5191 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5193 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5197 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5199 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5200 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5201 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5202 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5203 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5204 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5205 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5206 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5207 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5208 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5209 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5210 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5211 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5212 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5213 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5214 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5215 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5216 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5217 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5218 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5219 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5220 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5221 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5222 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5223 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5224 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5225 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5226 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5227 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5228 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5229 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5230 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5231 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5232 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5233 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5234 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5235 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5236 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5237 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5238 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5239 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5240 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5241 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5242 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5243 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5244 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5245 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5246 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5247 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5248 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5252 =item Incompatible Changes
5256 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5258 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5259 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5260 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5261 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5262 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5263 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5264 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5265 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5266 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5267 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5268 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5270 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5272 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5274 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5276 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5278 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5282 =item Known Problems
5286 =item Thread test failures
5288 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5290 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5292 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5294 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5297 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5299 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5301 =item Experimental features
5303 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5304 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5305 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5309 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5311 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5312 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5313 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5314 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5316 =item Reporting Bugs
5324 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5330 =item About the new versioning system
5332 =item Incompatible Changes
5336 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5338 =item Default installation structure has changed
5340 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5342 =item C Source Compatibility
5344 =item Binary Compatibility
5346 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5348 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5362 =item Regular Expressions
5364 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5365 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5366 improvements, Incompatible changes
5368 =item Improved malloc()
5370 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5372 =item Reliable signals
5374 =item Reliable stack pointers
5376 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5380 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5382 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5384 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5386 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5388 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5390 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5392 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5394 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5396 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5398 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5400 =item Better locale support
5402 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5404 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5406 =item Extended support for exception handling
5408 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5410 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5412 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5414 =item New C<lock> keyword
5416 =item New C<qr//> operator
5418 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5420 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5422 =item Tied handles support is better
5424 =item 4th argument to substr
5426 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5428 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5430 =item <> now reads in records
5434 =item Supported Platforms
5440 =item Changes in existing support
5444 =item Modules and Pragmata
5450 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5451 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5452 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5454 =item Changes in existing modules
5456 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5457 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5461 =item Utility Changes
5463 =item Documentation Changes
5465 =item New Diagnostics
5467 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5468 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5469 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5470 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5471 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5472 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5473 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5474 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5475 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5476 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5477 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5478 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5479 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5480 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5481 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5482 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5483 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5485 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5487 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5488 temporary file, regexp too big
5490 =item Configuration Changes
5500 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5506 =item Supported Environments
5512 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5514 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5516 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5518 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5520 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5522 =item More precise warnings
5524 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5526 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5528 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5530 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5532 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5534 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5536 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5538 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5540 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5542 =item Changes to tainting checks
5544 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5545 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5547 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5549 =item Embedding improvements
5551 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5553 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5555 =item New and changed syntax
5559 =item New and changed builtin constants
5563 =item New and changed builtin variables
5567 =item New and changed builtin functions
5569 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5570 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5571 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5572 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5573 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5575 =item New builtin methods
5577 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5579 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5581 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5582 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5584 =item Malloc enhancements
5586 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5588 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5592 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5608 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5609 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5615 =item Required Updates
5617 =item Installation directories
5619 =item Module information summary
5633 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5637 =item Utility Changes
5643 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5647 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5651 =item C Language API Changes
5653 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5656 =item Documentation Changes
5658 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5659 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5661 =item New Diagnostics
5663 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5664 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5665 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5666 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5667 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5668 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5669 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5670 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5671 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5672 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5673 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5674 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5675 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5676 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5677 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5678 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5679 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5680 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5681 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5682 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5683 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5684 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5685 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5686 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5687 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5697 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5705 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5709 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5711 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5713 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5715 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5721 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
5731 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
5741 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5755 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
5757 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5759 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5761 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5767 =item Accessing documentation
5771 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
5773 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
5775 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
5777 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
5781 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
5785 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
5787 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
5789 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
5791 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
5793 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
5803 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
5811 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
5813 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
5817 =item Contact Information
5823 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5833 =item gzip on BS2000
5835 =item bison on BS2000
5837 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
5839 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
5841 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
5843 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
5845 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
5847 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5849 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
5867 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5873 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
5877 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5879 =item Cygwin Configuration
5881 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5885 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
5889 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
5891 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
5893 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5894 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5896 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
5898 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5899 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5901 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
5903 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5907 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
5911 =item Warnings on Cygwin
5917 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
5921 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
5923 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
5925 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
5927 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
5929 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
5931 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
5933 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5937 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
5939 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
5941 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5942 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5944 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
5952 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
5964 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
5968 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
5970 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
5972 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
5974 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
5984 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5992 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5994 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
5996 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
5998 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
6002 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
6004 =item PATH Names on Epoc
6006 =item Editors on Epoc
6008 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
6010 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
6012 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
6016 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
6024 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
6033 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
6043 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
6045 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
6047 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
6049 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
6051 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
6053 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
6055 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
6057 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
6059 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
6061 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
6063 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
6073 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
6081 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
6089 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
6098 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
6100 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
6102 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
6104 =item Building external modules on MachTen
6114 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6128 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
6134 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
6140 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6148 =item What's New in Perl ffor MPE/iX
6150 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
6152 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
6154 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6156 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
6158 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6159 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6161 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6165 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6167 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6169 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
6171 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
6173 =item Perl/iX Change History
6189 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
6201 =item Build new extensions
6205 =item Acknowledgements
6213 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6233 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6235 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6237 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6241 =item Frequently asked questions
6245 =item "It does not work"
6247 =item I cannot run external programs
6249 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6252 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6255 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6257 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6265 =item Automatic binary installation
6267 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6269 =item Manual binary installation
6271 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6272 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6273 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6274 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6275 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6281 =item Accessing documentation
6285 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6293 =item GNU C<info> files
6305 =item The short story
6309 =item Getting perl source
6311 =item Application of the patches
6319 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6322 =item Installing the built perl
6324 =item C<a.out>-style build
6332 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6334 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6336 =item Problems with tr or sed
6338 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6340 =item Library ... not found
6342 =item Segfault in make
6344 =item op/sprintf test failure
6348 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6352 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6356 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6358 =item Additional modules:
6360 =item Prebuilt methods:
6362 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6363 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6364 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6365 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6366 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6367 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6368 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6369 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6370 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6371 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6372 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6374 =item Prebuilt variables:
6376 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6382 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6385 =item Identifying DLLs
6387 =item Centralized management of resources
6403 =item F<perl___.exe>
6405 =item Why strange names?
6407 =item Why dynamic linking?
6409 =item Why chimera build?
6417 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6419 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6421 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6423 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6425 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6427 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6437 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
6439 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
6441 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
6444 =item DLL forwarder generation
6448 =item Calls to external programs
6450 =item Memory allocation
6454 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6470 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6480 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
6482 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
6484 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
6486 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
6488 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6490 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6492 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6494 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
6496 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6498 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
6508 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
6516 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
6524 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
6526 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
6528 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
6530 =item QNX auxiliary files
6534 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
6542 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
6552 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
6554 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
6556 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
6558 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
6562 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
6566 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
6578 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6586 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6592 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6598 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
6600 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
6602 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
6606 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6610 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6612 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
6614 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6618 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6620 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6621 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6622 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6628 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
6632 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
6634 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
6638 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
6642 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6644 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6648 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
6650 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
6652 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
6662 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
6663 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
6671 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
6673 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
6675 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
6677 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
6679 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
6681 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
6685 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
6691 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
6699 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
6701 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
6707 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6717 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
6719 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
6721 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
6723 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
6725 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
6735 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
6741 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6749 =item Organization of Perl Images
6755 =item Perl Extensions
6757 =item Installing static extensions
6759 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6763 =item File specifications
6769 =item Wildcard expansion
6775 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6781 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6783 =item Command line switches
6789 =item Perl functions
6791 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6792 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6793 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6794 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6796 =item Perl variables
6798 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
6800 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6814 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6822 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6826 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6830 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6832 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6836 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6840 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
6842 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
6846 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6854 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6856 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6868 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6878 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6888 =item Built-in Attributes
6890 locked, method, lvalue
6892 =item Available Subroutines
6896 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6898 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6900 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6908 =item Default exports
6910 =item Available exports
6912 =item Export tags defined
6922 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6934 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6950 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6964 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6978 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6991 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
7000 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
7006 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
7016 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
7026 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
7037 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
7039 =item The I<splain> Program
7053 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
7067 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
7077 =item subpragma access
7083 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
7094 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
7104 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
7114 =item Adding directories to @INC
7116 =item Deleting directories from @INC
7118 =item Restoring original @INC
7128 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
7139 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
7147 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
7149 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
7155 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
7167 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
7177 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
7179 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
7181 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
7183 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
7185 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
7187 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
7189 =item Overloadable Operations
7191 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
7192 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
7193 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
7195 =item Inheritance and overloading
7197 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
7198 is inherited by derived classes
7202 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
7210 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
7212 =item Copy Constructor
7218 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
7220 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
7221 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
7222 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
7225 =item Losing overloading
7227 =item Run-time Overloading
7229 =item Public functions
7231 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
7233 =item Overloading constants
7235 integer, float, binary, q, qr
7237 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7239 =item Metaphor clash
7245 =item Two-face scalars
7247 =item Two-face references
7249 =item Symbolic calculator
7251 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
7259 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
7260 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7266 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7276 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
7288 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
7290 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
7294 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
7298 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
7306 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
7314 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
7318 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
7328 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
7339 =item Utility functions
7341 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
7342 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
7350 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
7360 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
7368 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
7369 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
7370 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
7371 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
7372 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
7376 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
7378 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
7380 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
7390 =item DBM Comparisons
7400 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
7410 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
7414 =item Typed lexicals
7416 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
7418 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
7420 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
7422 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
7430 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
7431 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
7432 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
7433 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>
7443 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7453 =item Subroutine Stubs
7455 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7457 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7459 =item Package Lexicals
7461 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7463 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7473 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7481 $keep, $check, $modtime
7485 =item Multiple packages
7493 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7501 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7505 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7513 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7527 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7531 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7533 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7535 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7537 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7541 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7545 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7546 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7550 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7551 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7555 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7559 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7564 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7566 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7570 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7572 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7576 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7580 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7584 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7588 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7590 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7592 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7596 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7600 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7604 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7606 redoop, nextop, lastop
7608 =item B::COP METHODS
7610 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7614 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7616 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7617 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7618 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
7619 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
7626 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7639 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7651 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7663 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7673 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7674 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7675 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7685 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7695 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7696 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7706 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7716 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7717 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7718 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7730 =item Context of ".."
7734 =item Deprecated features
7742 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7752 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7753 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7754 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7756 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7758 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7759 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7760 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7761 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7762 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7763 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7764 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7765 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7771 =item OP flags abbreviations
7773 =item OP class abbreviations
7777 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
7783 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7795 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7805 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7806 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7808 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7818 =item ambient_pragmas
7820 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
7832 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7844 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7852 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7854 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7855 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7857 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7867 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7877 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7883 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7895 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7907 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7909 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7921 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7931 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7939 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7951 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7965 =item Standard Exports
7967 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7968 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7969 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7971 =item Optional Exports
7973 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7974 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7975 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7991 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7995 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
8009 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8019 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8020 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8021 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8031 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
8043 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
8045 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
8047 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
8049 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
8051 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
8053 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
8055 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
8057 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
8059 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
8061 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
8063 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
8065 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
8067 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
8069 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
8071 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
8073 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
8075 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
8077 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
8078 B<:standard>, B<:all>
8082 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
8083 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
8086 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
8088 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
8089 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
8094 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
8098 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
8100 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
8102 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
8104 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
8106 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
8108 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
8110 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
8112 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
8113 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
8115 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
8119 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
8123 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
8125 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
8127 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
8129 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
8131 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
8133 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
8134 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
8136 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
8140 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
8144 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
8146 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
8148 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
8150 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
8154 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
8156 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
8158 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
8162 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
8164 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
8168 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
8172 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
8176 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
8180 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
8184 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
8186 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
8188 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
8192 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
8196 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
8202 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
8203 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
8205 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
8207 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
8208 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
8211 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
8217 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
8221 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
8223 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
8224 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
8225 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
8226 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
8227 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
8229 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
8231 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
8236 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
8238 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
8240 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
8241 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
8243 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
8245 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8249 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
8250 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
8251 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
8252 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
8253 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
8254 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
8255 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
8256 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
8257 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
8258 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
8259 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
8260 ...and many many more..
8262 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
8270 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
8280 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8288 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
8297 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
8299 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
8303 =item Changing the default message
8307 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
8317 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
8325 =item USING CGI::Cookie
8327 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
8331 =item Creating New Cookies
8333 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
8335 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
8337 =item Manipulating Cookies
8339 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
8343 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8351 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
8359 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
8361 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
8363 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
8365 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
8369 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8377 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
8387 =item Tags that won't be formatted
8389 =item Customizing the Indenting
8401 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
8409 =item USING CGI::Push
8411 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
8415 =item Heterogeneous Pages
8417 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
8421 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
8423 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8431 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
8441 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8449 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8457 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8463 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8473 =item Interactive Mode
8475 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8476 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8477 distribution, ls author, Signals
8485 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8487 =item Programmer's interface
8489 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8491 =item Methods in the other Classes
8493 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8494 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8495 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8496 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8497 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8498 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8499 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8500 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8501 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8502 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8503 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8504 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8505 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8506 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8507 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8508 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8509 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8510 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8511 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8512 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8513 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8514 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8515 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8516 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8517 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8518 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8526 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8530 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8536 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8537 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8538 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8539 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8543 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8545 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8553 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8555 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8559 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8561 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8563 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8569 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8581 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8591 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8604 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8614 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8622 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8624 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8634 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8635 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8636 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8638 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8646 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8656 =item The C<struct()> function
8658 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8660 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8662 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8663 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8665 =item Initializing with C<new>
8671 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8673 =item Author and Modification History
8677 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8685 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8697 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8701 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
8702 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
8703 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
8708 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8709 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8713 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8714 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8715 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8716 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
8717 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
8718 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8722 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8723 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8724 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8725 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8726 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>,
8727 C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>,
8728 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
8729 C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>,
8730 C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>,
8731 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
8732 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
8733 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>,
8734 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>,
8735 C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>,
8736 C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>,
8737 C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
8738 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>,
8739 C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
8740 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>,
8741 C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>,
8742 C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
8743 C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>,
8744 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>,
8745 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
8746 C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
8747 C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
8748 C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>,
8749 C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
8750 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
8751 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
8752 C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>,
8753 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
8754 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
8755 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
8756 C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
8757 C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
8758 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
8759 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
8760 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
8761 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
8762 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
8763 C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>,
8764 C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>,
8765 C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>,
8766 C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
8767 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
8768 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
8769 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
8770 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
8771 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>,
8772 C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
8773 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>,
8774 C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>,
8775 C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
8776 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
8777 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
8778 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
8779 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
8780 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
8781 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
8782 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
8783 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
8784 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
8785 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>,
8786 C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>,
8787 C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
8788 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
8789 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
8790 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>,
8791 C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>,
8792 C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>,
8793 C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>,
8794 C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
8795 C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>, C<db_version_patch>,
8796 C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
8797 C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8801 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8802 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8806 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8807 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
8812 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8813 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8817 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8821 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8822 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8823 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8824 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_langinfo>,
8825 C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>,
8826 C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8827 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8828 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8829 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8830 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8831 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8832 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8833 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8834 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8835 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8836 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8837 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8838 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8839 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8840 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8841 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8842 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8843 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8848 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8852 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8853 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8854 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8855 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8856 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8857 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8861 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8862 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8863 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8867 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8868 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8872 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8873 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8874 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8875 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8879 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8880 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8884 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8885 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
8889 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8890 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8891 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8892 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8896 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8900 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8901 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
8905 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8906 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8907 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8908 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8909 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8910 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8911 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8912 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8913 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8914 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8915 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8916 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8917 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8918 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8922 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
8923 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8927 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8928 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8929 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8930 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
8931 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
8932 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
8933 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
8934 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
8935 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8939 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8940 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8941 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
8942 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8946 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8950 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
8962 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
8974 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8986 =item Global Variables
8988 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8989 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8994 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8995 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8997 =item Client Callback Methods
8999 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
9000 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
9001 CLIENT->output(LIST)
9011 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
9019 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
9023 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
9025 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
9027 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
9029 =item Default Parameters
9031 =item In Memory Databases
9039 =item A Simple Example
9047 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
9049 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
9051 =item The get_dup() Method
9053 =item The find_dup() Method
9055 =item The del_dup() Method
9057 =item Matching Partial Keys
9065 =item The 'bval' Option
9067 =item A Simple Example
9069 =item Extra RECNO Methods
9071 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
9072 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
9075 =item Another Example
9079 =item THE API INTERFACE
9081 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
9082 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
9083 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
9084 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
9088 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
9089 B<filter_fetch_value>
9095 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
9097 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
9101 =item HINTS AND TIPS
9105 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
9107 =item Safe ways to lock a database
9109 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
9111 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
9113 =item The untie() Gotcha
9117 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
9121 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
9123 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
9125 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
9127 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
9147 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
9148 printing and C<eval>
9160 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
9161 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
9162 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
9169 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
9171 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9172 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9173 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9174 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9175 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9176 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9177 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9178 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9179 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9180 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9181 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9182 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
9202 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
9210 =item PROFILE FORMAT
9222 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
9232 =item Memory footprint debugging
9240 =item A simple scalar string
9242 =item A simple scalar number
9244 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
9246 =item A reference to a simple scalar
9248 =item A reference to an array
9250 =item A reference to a hash
9252 =item Dumping a large array or hash
9254 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
9256 =item A reference to a subroutine
9270 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
9280 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
9288 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
9292 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
9293 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
9294 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9302 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9312 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9316 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
9317 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9329 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
9341 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
9353 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
9354 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
9355 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
9360 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
9361 veryCompact, set, get
9367 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9375 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
9376 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
9377 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
9378 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
9385 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
9398 =head2 Encode - character encodings
9416 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
9418 =item Types of Encodings
9420 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
9421 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
9423 =item Specifying Encodings
9425 1. By name, 2. As an object
9427 =item Encoding Names
9429 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
9430 The name used by the the organization that defined it
9434 =item PERL ENCODING API
9438 =item Generic Encoding Interface
9440 =item Handling Malformed Data
9442 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
9446 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
9448 =item Listing available encodings
9450 =item Defining Aliases
9452 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
9455 =item Defining Encodings
9459 =item Encoding and IO
9461 =item Encoding How to ...
9463 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
9464 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
9466 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
9468 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
9470 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
9472 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
9473 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9477 =item Compiled Encodings
9479 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9480 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9488 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9489 of the Encode extension
9495 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9503 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9505 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9511 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9519 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9532 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9547 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9563 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9575 =item Selecting What To Export
9577 =item Specialised Import Lists
9579 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9581 =item Module Version Checking
9583 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9585 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9591 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9601 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9622 mv source... destination
9624 cp source... destination
9642 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
9652 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, PVN, YES, NO, UNDEF
9662 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
9664 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
9668 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
9674 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
9677 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9679 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
9681 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
9682 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9690 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
9702 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
9703 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
9713 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
9723 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
9735 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
9736 packlist(), version()
9744 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
9752 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
9758 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
9768 =item VMS implementation
9770 =item Win32 implementation
9778 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9787 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9791 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9818 test_via_harness (o)
9820 tool_autosplit (override)
9838 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9853 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9865 =item Preloaded methods
9885 =item SelfLoaded methods
9931 file_name_is_absolute
9937 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9977 maybe_command_in_dirs
10005 post_initialize (o)
10015 replace_manpage_separator
10029 test_via_harness (o)
10031 test_via_script (o)
10061 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10062 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10072 =item Methods always loaded
10084 =item SelfLoaded methods
10086 guess_name (override)
10090 find_perl (override)
10094 maybe_command (override)
10096 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
10098 perl_script (override)
10100 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10102 replace_manpage_separator
10104 init_others (override)
10106 constants (override)
10110 const_cccmd (override)
10112 pm_to_blib (override)
10114 tool_autosplit (override)
10116 tool_sxubpp (override)
10118 xsubpp_version (override)
10120 tools_other (override)
10130 top_targets (override)
10134 dynamic_lib (override)
10136 dynamic_bs (override)
10138 static_lib (override)
10140 manifypods (override)
10142 processPL (override)
10144 installbin (override)
10146 subdir_x (override)
10150 realclean (override)
10152 dist_basics (override)
10154 dist_core (override)
10156 dist_dir (override)
10158 dist_test (override)
10162 perldepend (override)
10164 makefile (override)
10168 test_via_harness (override)
10170 test_via_script (override)
10172 makeaperl (override)
10174 nicetext (override)
10176 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10177 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10203 test_via_harness (o)
10205 tool_autosplit (override)
10223 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
10233 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
10235 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
10243 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
10247 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
10249 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
10251 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
10253 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
10255 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
10256 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
10257 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
10258 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
10259 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
10260 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
10261 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
10262 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
10263 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
10264 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
10265 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
10266 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
10267 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
10268 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION,
10269 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
10271 =item Additional lowercase attributes
10273 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
10276 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
10278 =item Hintsfile support
10280 =item Distribution Support
10282 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
10283 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
10284 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
10286 =item Disabling an extension
10300 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
10308 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
10312 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
10316 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
10317 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
10321 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
10329 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
10341 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
10351 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
10360 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
10368 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
10380 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
10388 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
10398 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
10410 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
10420 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
10424 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
10432 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
10436 C<basename>, C<dirname>
10440 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
10450 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
10464 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
10474 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
10476 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
10488 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
10496 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
10508 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
10516 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
10517 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
10518 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
10528 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
10536 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
10537 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
10538 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
10542 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
10550 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
10562 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
10576 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
10610 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10628 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
10656 file_name_is_absolute
10676 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
10686 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
10718 file_name_is_absolute
10740 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
10756 =item Methods always loaded
10758 canonpath (override)
10776 case_tolerant (override)
10780 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10782 splitpath (override)
10784 splitdir (override)
10798 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
10828 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10852 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10866 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10876 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10884 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10892 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10894 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10906 =item Temporary files and NFS
10918 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10932 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10944 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10952 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10958 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10972 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
10974 =item All-in-one interface
10986 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10996 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
11000 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
11002 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
11010 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
11012 =item Example 2: Using the context
11014 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
11016 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
11020 =item Filter::Simple
11028 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
11036 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
11046 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
11062 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
11070 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
11072 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
11076 =item Simple options
11078 =item A little bit less simple options
11080 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
11082 =item Options with values
11084 =item Options with multiple values
11086 =item Options with hash values
11088 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
11090 =item Options with multiple names
11092 =item Case and abbreviations
11094 =item Summary of Option Specifications
11096 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
11100 =item Advanced Possibilities
11104 =item Object oriented interface
11106 =item Documentation and help texts
11108 =item Storing options in a hash
11112 =item The lonesome dash
11114 =item Argument call-back
11118 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
11120 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
11121 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
11122 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
11123 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
11124 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
11126 =item Return values and Errors
11132 =item Default destinations
11134 =item Alternative option starters
11136 =item Configuration variables
11140 =item Trouble Shooting
11144 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
11146 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
11153 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11157 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
11168 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
11179 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
11190 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
11192 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
11194 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11196 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11198 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
11200 the function super_languages($lang1)
11202 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
11204 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
11206 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
11208 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
11212 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
11214 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
11224 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
11232 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
11234 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
11236 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
11237 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
11238 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
11239 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
11240 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
11241 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
11242 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
11243 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
11244 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
11245 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
11246 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
11247 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
11248 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
11249 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
11250 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
11251 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
11252 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
11253 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
11254 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
11255 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
11256 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
11257 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
11258 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
11259 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
11260 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
11261 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
11262 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
11263 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
11264 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
11265 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
11266 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
11267 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
11268 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
11269 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
11270 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
11271 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
11272 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
11273 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
11274 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
11275 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
11276 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
11277 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
11278 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
11279 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
11280 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
11281 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
11282 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
11283 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
11284 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
11285 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
11286 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
11287 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
11288 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
11289 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
11290 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
11291 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
11292 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
11293 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
11294 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
11295 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
11296 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
11297 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
11298 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
11299 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
11300 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
11301 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
11302 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
11303 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
11304 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
11305 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
11306 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
11307 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
11308 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
11309 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
11310 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
11311 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
11312 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
11313 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
11314 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
11315 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
11316 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
11317 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
11318 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
11319 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
11320 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
11321 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
11322 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
11323 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
11324 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
11325 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
11326 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
11327 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
11328 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
11329 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
11330 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
11331 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
11332 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
11333 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
11334 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
11335 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
11336 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
11337 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
11338 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
11339 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
11340 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
11341 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
11342 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
11343 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
11344 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
11345 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
11346 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
11347 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
11348 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
11349 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
11350 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
11351 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
11352 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
11353 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
11354 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
11358 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11364 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
11382 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
11386 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
11396 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
11404 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11405 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11415 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11425 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11429 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11437 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
11447 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11451 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11452 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11453 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11454 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11466 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11476 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11480 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11490 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11500 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11501 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11511 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
11519 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11520 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11529 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
11539 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11543 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11544 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11545 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11555 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
11569 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11570 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11580 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
11596 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11609 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
11623 hostpath(), peerpath()
11633 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
11642 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11643 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11653 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11663 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11667 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11675 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
11686 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11690 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11691 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11692 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11693 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11705 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11715 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11719 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11729 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11739 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11740 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11750 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
11759 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11760 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11769 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
11780 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11784 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11785 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11786 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11796 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
11811 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11812 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11822 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
11823 AF_INET domain sockets
11839 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11852 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
11853 AF_UNIX domain sockets
11867 hostpath(), peerpath()
11877 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11887 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11888 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11899 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
11913 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
11926 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
11936 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11937 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11938 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11949 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
11967 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11977 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11978 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11989 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
12000 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12001 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12002 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12013 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
12021 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12022 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
12024 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12030 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
12031 general-utility list subroutines
12039 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12040 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
12042 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12048 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
12049 general-utility scalar subroutines
12057 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
12058 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
12066 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
12074 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12078 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
12086 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
12098 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
12104 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12106 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
12107 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
12113 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12115 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
12121 =item CODE ALIASING
12131 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12135 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
12136 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
12137 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
12138 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
12146 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
12147 identification (ISO 4217)
12165 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12167 code2currency(), currency2code()
12173 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12175 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
12183 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12187 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
12195 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
12212 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12214 code2language(), language2code()
12220 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12222 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
12230 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12234 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
12235 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
12243 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
12251 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12257 =item Construction Methods
12259 =item The "maketext" Method
12261 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
12263 =item Utility Methods
12265 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
12266 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
12267 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
12268 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
12270 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
12274 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
12276 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
12278 =item BRACKET NOTATION
12280 =item AUTO LEXICONS
12282 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
12284 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
12288 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12294 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
12302 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
12306 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
12308 =item The Linguistic View
12310 =item Breaking gettext
12312 =item Replacing gettext
12314 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
12316 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
12318 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
12320 =item Buzzword: Concision
12322 =item The Devil in the Details
12324 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
12332 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
12340 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
12344 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
12352 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
12353 of quoted-printable strings
12361 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12367 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
12376 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12382 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
12392 =item Canonical notation
12396 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
12398 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
12402 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
12403 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
12409 use Math::BigFloat qw(bstr bint);
12411 $x = bstr("1234") # string "1234"
12412 $x = "$x"; # same as bstr()
12413 $x = bneg("1234") # BigFloat "-1234"
12414 $x = Math::BigFloat->bneg("1234"); # BigFloat "1234"
12415 $x = Math::BigFloat->babs("-12345"); # BigFloat "12345"
12416 $x = Math::BigFloat->bnorm("-0 00"); # BigFloat "0"
12417 $x = bint(1) + bint(2); # BigFloat "3"
12418 $x = bint(1) + "2"; # ditto (auto-BigFloatify of "2")
12419 $x = bint(1); # BigFloat "1"
12420 $x = $x + 5 / 2; # BigFloat "3"
12421 $x = $x ** 3; # BigFloat "27"
12422 $x *= 2; # BigFloat "54"
12423 $x = new Math::BigFloat; # BigFloat "0"
12424 $x--; # BigFloat "-1"
12426 =item Autocreating constants
12434 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
12442 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
12450 Canonical notation, Input, Output
12452 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
12462 =item Rounding mode R
12464 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
12465 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
12466 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
12475 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
12481 use Math::BigInt qw(bstr bint);
12482 $x = bstr("1234") # string "1234"
12483 $x = "$x"; # same as bstr()
12484 $x = bneg("1234") # Bigint "-1234"
12485 $x = Math::BigInt->bneg("1234"); # Bigint "-1234"
12486 $x = Math::BigInt->babs("-12345"); # Bigint "12345"
12487 $x = Math::BigInt->bnorm("-0 00"); # BigInt "0"
12488 $x = bint(1) + bint(2); # BigInt "3"
12489 $x = bint(1) + "2"; # ditto (auto-BigIntify of "2")
12490 $x = bint(1); # BigInt "1"
12491 $x = $x + 5 / 2; # BigInt "3"
12492 $x = $x ** 3; # BigInt "27"
12493 $x *= 2; # BigInt "54"
12494 $x = new Math::BigInt; # BigInt "0"
12495 $x--; # BigInt "-1"
12496 $x = Math::BigInt->badd(4,5) # BigInt "9"
12497 $x = Math::BigInt::badd(4,5) # BigInt "9"
12498 print $x->bsstr(); # 9e+0
12500 =item Autocreating constants
12506 =item Replacing the math library
12512 :constant and eval()
12516 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow,
12517 Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt()
12527 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
12539 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
12541 the same terms as Perl itself.
12549 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
12562 =item STRINGIFICATION
12566 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
12572 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
12574 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
12582 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
12590 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
12596 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
12598 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
12602 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12604 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
12608 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
12610 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12612 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
12613 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
12617 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
12623 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
12633 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
12651 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
12653 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
12657 =item OTHER FACILITIES
12663 =item C<flush_cache>
12669 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
12671 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
12679 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
12685 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
12694 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
12705 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
12717 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12725 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12733 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
12742 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
12751 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
12768 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
12776 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
12784 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12790 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12794 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12798 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
12808 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
12814 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
12824 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
12827 =item CLASS METHODS
12829 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
12830 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
12831 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
12841 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
12851 requires_firewall HOST
12853 =item NetConfig VALUES
12855 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
12856 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_ext_passive, ftp_int_pasive,
12857 local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
12861 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
12870 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
12878 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
12890 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
12894 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
12895 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
12896 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
12897 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), rmdir ( DIR ), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE
12898 ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [,
12899 WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [,
12900 REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (),
12901 mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash (
12902 [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [
12903 DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port (
12904 [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
12905 pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait (
12906 NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
12910 =item Methods for the adventurous
12916 =item THE dataconn CLASS
12918 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
12921 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
12923 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
12925 =item REPORTING BUGS
12937 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
12947 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
12951 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
12952 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
12953 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
12954 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
12955 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
12960 =item Extension methods
12962 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
12963 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
12964 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
12965 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
12974 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
12984 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
12996 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
13000 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
13001 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
13002 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
13003 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
13015 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
13023 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
13029 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
13030 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
13038 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
13050 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
13054 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), mail ( ADDRESS [,
13055 OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail (
13056 ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ),
13057 to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ),
13058 verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
13068 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
13076 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
13077 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
13085 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
13102 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
13110 =item Where to get this document
13112 =item How to contribute to this document
13116 =item Author and Copyright Information
13124 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
13128 =item What is libnet ?
13130 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
13132 =item What other modules do I need ?
13134 =item What machines support libnet ?
13136 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
13140 =item Using Net::FTP
13144 =item How do I download files from a FTP server ?
13146 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
13148 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
13150 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
13153 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
13155 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
13157 =item How do I get a directory listing from a FTP server ?
13159 =item Changeing directory to "" does not fail ?
13161 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
13163 =item I am behind a FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
13166 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
13168 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
13171 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
13174 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
13178 =item Using Net::SMTP
13182 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
13185 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
13187 =item The verify method always returns true ?
13191 =item Debugging scripts
13195 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
13199 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
13203 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
13220 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
13235 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
13252 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
13260 =item THE .netrc FILE
13262 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
13267 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
13271 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
13281 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
13291 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13297 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
13305 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13311 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13315 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13319 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
13331 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
13333 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
13334 or optag, an operator set (opset)
13336 =item Opcode Functions
13338 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
13339 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
13340 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
13343 =item Manipulating Opsets
13345 =item TO DO (maybe)
13351 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
13353 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
13354 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
13355 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
13364 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
13373 a new namespace, an operator mask
13379 =item RECENT CHANGES
13381 =item Methods in class Safe
13383 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13384 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13385 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13386 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13388 =item Some Safety Issues
13390 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13398 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
13411 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
13425 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
13426 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
13427 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
13428 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
13429 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
13430 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
13431 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
13432 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
13433 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
13434 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
13435 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
13436 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
13437 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
13438 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
13439 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
13440 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
13441 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
13442 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
13443 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
13444 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
13445 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
13446 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
13447 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
13448 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
13449 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
13456 =item POSIX::SigAction
13460 =item POSIX::SigSet
13462 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
13464 =item POSIX::Termios
13466 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
13467 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
13468 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
13469 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
13470 values, c_oflag field values
13474 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
13478 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
13482 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
13540 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
13549 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
13553 =item Defaults and how to override them
13563 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
13573 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
13581 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
13582 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
13583 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
13584 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
13585 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
13586 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
13587 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
13591 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
13597 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
13603 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
13615 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
13616 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
13617 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
13618 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
13619 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
13620 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
13621 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
13622 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
13627 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
13628 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
13629 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
13630 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
13631 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
13632 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
13636 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
13637 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
13649 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
13651 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
13654 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
13656 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
13658 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
13660 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
13662 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
13670 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
13682 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
13684 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
13691 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
13697 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
13699 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
13706 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
13718 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
13728 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
13729 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
13744 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
13757 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
13758 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
13764 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
13788 =item B<was_cutting()>
13794 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
13800 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
13806 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13812 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
13818 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13824 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
13830 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
13836 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13842 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13848 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
13854 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
13860 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13866 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
13872 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
13878 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
13884 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13890 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
13896 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
13902 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13908 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13914 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
13920 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
13926 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
13932 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
13938 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
13944 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
13950 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
13956 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13962 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
13974 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
13986 =item OBJECT METHODS
13994 =item Data Accessors
14010 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
14012 B<StartWithNewPage>
14026 =item Subclassed methods
14040 B<interior_sequence>
14056 =item Methods for headings
14064 =item Internal methods
14070 B<_replace_special_chars>
14076 B<_clean_latex_commands>
14092 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
14100 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
14105 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
14106 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
14107 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown sequence %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back
14115 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14119 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
14133 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
14141 $list-E<gt>indent()
14149 $list-E<gt>parent()
14155 =item Pod::Hyperlink
14157 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
14161 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
14163 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
14167 $link-E<gt>warning()
14169 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
14175 $link-E<gt>alttext()
14185 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
14191 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
14195 =item Pod::Cache::Item
14197 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
14201 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
14203 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
14205 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
14207 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
14209 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
14211 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
14213 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
14223 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
14235 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14237 =item PARSING OPTIONS
14239 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
14240 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
14246 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14254 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14260 =item B<verbatim()>
14262 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14268 =item B<textblock()>
14270 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14276 =item B<interior_sequence()>
14282 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14294 =item B<initialize()>
14300 =item B<begin_pod()>
14306 =item B<begin_input()>
14312 =item B<end_input()>
14324 =item B<preprocess_line()>
14330 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
14336 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
14342 =item B<parse_text()>
14344 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
14345 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
14346 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
14352 =item B<interpolate()>
14358 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
14364 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
14370 =item B<parse_from_file()>
14376 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
14382 =item B<errorsub()>
14394 =item B<parseopts()>
14400 =item B<output_file()>
14406 =item B<output_handle()>
14412 =item B<input_file()>
14418 =item B<input_handle()>
14424 =item B<input_streams()>
14430 =item B<top_stream()>
14436 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14442 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
14448 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
14454 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
14462 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
14482 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
14495 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
14497 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
14503 =item OBJECT METHODS
14509 =item B<curr_headings()>
14521 =item B<add_selection()>
14527 =item B<clear_selections()>
14533 =item B<match_section()>
14539 =item B<is_selected()>
14545 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
14551 =item B<podselect()>
14553 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
14559 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14565 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
14571 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
14577 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
14589 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
14597 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
14601 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
14602 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
14603 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
14613 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14617 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
14631 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14635 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
14650 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14654 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
14655 text with format escapes
14667 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14671 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
14680 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
14689 =item Recommended Use
14697 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
14701 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
14709 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14715 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14719 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14723 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
14731 a new namespace, an operator mask
14737 =item RECENT CHANGES
14739 =item Methods in class Safe
14741 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14742 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14743 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14744 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14746 =item Some Safety Issues
14748 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14756 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
14764 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
14765 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14773 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
14783 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
14793 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
14803 =item The __DATA__ token
14805 =item SelfLoader autoloading
14807 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
14809 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
14811 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
14813 =item Classes and inherited methods.
14817 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
14821 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
14831 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
14839 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
14840 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
14848 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
14849 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
14850 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
14851 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
14852 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
14856 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
14866 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
14870 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
14872 =item ERROR REPORTING
14880 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
14885 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
14886 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
14910 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
14924 =item Allowing fall-through
14926 =item Automating fall-through
14928 =item Alternative syntax
14930 =item Higher-order Operations
14944 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
14954 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
14966 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
14967 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
14975 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
14976 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
14987 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
14988 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
14996 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
14997 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15008 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
15018 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
15019 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
15020 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
15024 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
15038 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
15050 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
15058 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
15068 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
15069 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
15077 =item Minimal set of supported functions
15079 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
15080 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
15082 =item Additional supported functions
15084 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
15094 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
15120 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
15124 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15134 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
15144 =item The test script output
15146 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
15147 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
15148 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
15152 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
15175 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
15176 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
15177 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
15178 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
15182 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
15183 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
15198 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
15208 =item I love it when a plan comes together
15212 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
15230 B<use_ok>, B<require_ok>
15236 =item Conditional tests
15238 B<skip> * UNIMPLEMENTED *
15242 B<todo> * UNIMPLEMENTED *
15246 =item Comparision functions
15258 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15268 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
15298 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Pod::Tests>, L<SelfTest>,
15303 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
15315 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
15325 =item General behaviour in list contexts
15329 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
15331 =item A note about prefixes
15333 =item C<extract_delimited>
15335 =item C<extract_bracketed>
15337 =item C<extract_tagged>
15339 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
15340 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
15342 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
15344 =item C<extract_quotelike>
15346 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
15348 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
15350 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
15352 =item C<extract_codeblock>
15354 =item C<extract_multiple>
15356 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
15362 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
15363 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
15364 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
15365 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
15366 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
15367 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
15368 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
15369 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
15370 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
15371 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
15372 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
15373 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
15378 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15384 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
15399 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
15416 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
15431 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
15445 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
15458 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
15459 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
15460 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
15464 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
15472 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
15480 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15482 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
15488 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
15496 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15498 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
15502 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
15514 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
15524 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
15532 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
15533 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
15534 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
15535 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
15543 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
15552 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
15553 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
15554 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
15555 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
15557 =item MORE INFORMATION
15559 =item COMPATIBILITY
15563 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
15571 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
15572 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
15576 =item MORE INFORMATION
15580 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
15598 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
15607 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
15609 =item MORE INFORMATION
15613 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
15625 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday
15633 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
15634 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
15635 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
15636 getitimer ( $which )
15652 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
15660 =item IMPLEMENTATION
15666 =head2 Time::Piece - Object Oriented time objects
15678 =item Local Locales
15680 =item Date Calculations
15682 =item Date Comparisons
15684 =item YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
15688 =item strftime method
15690 %%, %a, %A, %b, %B, %c, %C, %d, %D, %e, %h, %H, %I, %j, %m, %M, %n, %p, %r,
15691 %R, %S, %t, %T, %u, %U, %V, %w, %W, %x, %y, %Y, %Z
15693 =item strptime function
15695 =item Global Overriding
15713 =head2 Time::Piece::Seconds, Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert
15714 seconds to other date values
15732 =head2 Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert seconds to other date values
15750 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
15765 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
15780 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
15792 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
15800 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
15801 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
15805 =head2 UnicodeCD - Unicode character database
15847 =item Blocks versus Scripts
15849 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
15851 =item Code Point Arguments
15877 =item UnicodeCD::UnicodeVersion
15883 =item Implementation Note
15893 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
15908 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
15919 =item System Specifics
15933 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
15941 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
15943 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
15944 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
15945 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
15946 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
15947 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
15948 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
15949 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
15950 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
15951 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
15952 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
15953 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
15954 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
15955 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
15956 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
15957 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
15958 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
15964 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
15982 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
15994 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
15996 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
15997 don't all have manual pages yet:
16023 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles