4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
21 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
22 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
23 Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
24 implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
25 expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
41 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/03/25
46 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
47 About Perl, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L<perlfaq3>:
48 Programming Tools, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, L<perlfaq5>: Files and
49 Formats, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues,
50 L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, L<perlfaq9>: Networking
54 =item Where to get this document
56 =item How to contribute to this document
58 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
65 =item Author and Copyright Information
69 =item Noncommercial Reproduction
71 =item Commercial Reproduction
79 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97
81 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.11 $, $Date:
82 1997/03/19 17:23:09 $)
90 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
92 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
94 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
96 =item How stable is Perl?
98 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
100 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
103 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
105 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
107 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
109 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
111 =item What is a JAPH?
113 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
115 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
116 (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
120 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
122 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.15 $,
123 $Date: 1997/03/25 18:15:48 $)
129 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
131 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
133 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
135 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
138 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
139 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
141 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
142 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
144 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
146 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
148 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
150 =item Where should I post source code?
154 =item Perl in Magazines
156 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
158 =item What mailing lists are there for perl?
160 MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
162 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
166 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
168 =item Where do I send bug reports?
170 =item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
172 =item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
176 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
178 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 1997/03/19
185 =item How do I do (anything)?
187 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
189 =item Is there a Perl shell?
191 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
193 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
195 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
197 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
199 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
201 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
203 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
205 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
207 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
209 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
211 =item Can I dynamically load C routines into Perl?
213 =item What is undump?
215 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
217 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
219 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
221 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
223 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
225 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
227 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
229 =item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,Windows NT,...]?
231 =item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
233 =item Why don't perl one-liners work on my MS-DOS/Macintosh/VMS system?
235 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
237 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
239 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
241 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
242 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
244 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
247 =item What's MakeMaker?
251 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
253 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/03/25
262 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
264 =item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()?
267 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
269 =item How do I multiply matrices?
271 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
273 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
275 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
283 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
285 =item How can I compare two date strings?
287 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
289 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
291 =item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
299 =item How do I validate input?
301 =item How do I unescape a string?
303 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
305 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
307 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
309 =item How do I reverse a string?
311 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
313 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
315 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
317 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
319 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
322 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
324 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
325 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
327 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
329 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
331 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
333 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
335 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
337 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
339 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
340 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
349 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
351 =item How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
353 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:, b) If you don't know
354 whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:,
355 d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in
356 contains only small positive integers:
358 =item How can I tell whether an array contains a certain element?
360 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
361 intersection of two arrays?
363 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
365 =item How do I handle linked lists?
367 =item How do I handle circular lists?
369 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
371 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
373 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
375 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
377 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
379 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
381 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
385 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
389 =item How do I process an entire hash?
391 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
394 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
396 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
398 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
400 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
402 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
404 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
406 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
408 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
410 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
412 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
414 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
417 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash
418 or array of hashes or arrays?
420 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
428 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
430 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
432 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
434 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
436 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
438 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
442 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
444 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 1997/03/19
451 =item How do I flush/unbuffer a filehandle? Why must I do this?
453 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
454 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
456 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
458 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
460 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
462 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
463 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
465 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
467 =item How can I write() into a string?
469 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
471 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
473 =item How come when I open the file read-write it wipes it out?
475 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
477 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
479 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
481 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
483 =item How can I lock a file?
485 =item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
487 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number
488 in the file. How can I do this?
490 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
492 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
494 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
496 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
498 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
500 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
502 =item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
504 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
506 =item How do I create a file only if it doesn't exist?
508 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
510 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
512 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
514 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in MS-DOS paths? What doesn't
515 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
517 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
519 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
520 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
522 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
526 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
528 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 1997/03/25 18:16:56 $)
534 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
535 and unmaintainable code?
537 Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
540 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
542 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
545 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
547 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
550 =item How can I make C<\w> match accented characters?
552 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
554 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
556 =item What is C</o> really for?
558 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
561 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
563 =item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
565 =item How do I process each word on each line?
567 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
569 =item How can I do approximate matching?
571 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
573 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
575 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
577 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
579 =item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
581 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
583 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
587 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
589 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date:
590 1997/03/19 17:25:23 $)
596 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
598 =item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
601 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
604 =item How do I skip some return values?
606 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
608 =item What's an extension?
610 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
612 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
614 =item How do I create a module?
616 =item How do I create a class?
618 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
620 =item What's a closure?
622 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
625 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps,
628 =item How do I create a static variable?
630 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
631 Between local() and my()?
633 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
636 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
638 =item Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
640 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
642 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
644 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
646 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
648 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
650 =item How can I find out my current package?
654 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
656 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/03/25
663 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
665 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
667 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
669 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
671 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
673 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
675 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
677 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
679 =item How do I start a process in the background?
681 STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
683 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
685 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
687 =item How do I set the time and date?
689 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
691 =item How can I measure time under a second?
693 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
695 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
696 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
698 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
700 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
702 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
704 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
706 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
708 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
710 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
712 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
714 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
716 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
719 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
721 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
723 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
725 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
728 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
729 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
730 changes to be visible?
734 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
737 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
739 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
741 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
743 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
745 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
747 =item How do I set CPU limits?
749 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
751 =item How do I use an SQL database?
753 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
755 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
757 =item How do I install a CPAN module?
761 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
763 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 1997/03/25 18:17:20
770 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
773 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
775 =item How do I extract URLs?
777 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
778 file on another machine?
780 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
782 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
784 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
786 =item How do I redirect to another page?
788 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
790 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
792 =item How do I parse an email header?
794 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
796 =item How do I check a valid email address?
798 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
800 =item How do I return the user's email address?
802 =item How do I send/read mail?
804 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
806 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
808 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
810 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
814 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
816 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
820 =item Supported Environments
826 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
828 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
830 =item More precise warnings
832 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
834 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
836 =item C<$)> is writable
838 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
840 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
842 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
844 =item Changes to tainting checks
846 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
848 =item Embedding improvements
850 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
852 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
854 =item New and changed builtin variables
858 =item New and changed builtin functions
860 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
861 Control Structures, unpack() and pack(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION
862 LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//g> does not trigger a
863 pos() reset on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested
864 C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
866 =item New builtin methods
868 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
870 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
872 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this,
873 GETC this, DESTROY this
875 =item Malloc enhancements
877 -DDEBUGGING_MSTATS, -DEMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
879 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
885 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
886 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
892 =item Required Updates
894 =item Installation directories
896 =item Module information summary
910 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
914 =item Utility Changes
920 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
924 =item C Language API Changes
926 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, Extended API for manipulating hashes
928 =item Documentation Changes
930 L<perldelta>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, L<perldebug>,
933 =item New Diagnostics
935 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
936 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
937 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
938 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
939 Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot
940 resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine
941 %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return
942 a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Illegal character %s
943 (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex
944 number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Name
945 "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset
946 outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s,
947 Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate
948 words with commas, Recursive substitution detected, Scalar value @%s{%s}
949 better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s'
950 overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for "B<-T>" option, untie
951 attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s,
952 Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is
953 deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may
954 be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's
955 wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from
956 DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process
965 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
977 =item Scalar value constructors
979 =item List value constructors
981 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
985 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
993 =item Simple statements
995 =item Compound statements
1003 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1007 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1009 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1013 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1021 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1023 =item The Arrow Operator
1025 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1027 =item Exponentiation
1029 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1031 =item Binding Operators
1033 =item Multiplicative Operators
1035 =item Additive Operators
1037 =item Shift Operators
1039 =item Named Unary Operators
1041 =item Relational Operators
1043 =item Equality Operators
1047 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1049 =item C-style Logical And
1051 =item C-style Logical Or
1053 =item Range Operator
1055 =item Conditional Operator
1057 =item Assignment Operators
1059 =item Comma Operator
1061 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1067 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
1069 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1071 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1073 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1075 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1077 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1078 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1079 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1080 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
1084 =item Constant Folding
1086 =item Integer Arithmetic
1088 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1092 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1100 =item Regular Expressions
1102 (?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
1106 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1108 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
1112 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1120 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1122 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
1126 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
1127 B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1128 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1129 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1130 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1131 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
1137 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB,
1138 PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1140 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1144 I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
1148 =item Perl Functions by Category
1150 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1151 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1152 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1153 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1154 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1155 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1156 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1157 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1158 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1159 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1162 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1164 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1165 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1166 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1167 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1168 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1169 close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
1170 cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE,
1171 defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
1172 SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (),
1173 eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR,
1174 exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
1175 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE, LIST, getc
1176 FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid,
1177 getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME,
1178 getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
1179 getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr
1180 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1181 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1182 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1183 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1184 endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt
1185 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR,
1186 goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index
1187 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1188 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last
1189 LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link
1190 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log
1191 EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1192 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
1193 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no
1194 Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1195 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, pipe
1196 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
1197 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
1198 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
1199 qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
1200 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir
1201 DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo
1202 LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require,
1203 reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
1204 rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
1205 scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
1206 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
1207 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1208 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1209 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1210 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1211 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1212 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1213 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1214 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1215 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1216 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1217 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1218 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET,
1219 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
1220 sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1221 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, system
1222 LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite
1223 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1224 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1225 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1226 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1227 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use
1228 Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec
1229 EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write
1230 FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1234 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1240 =item Predefined Names
1242 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1243 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
1244 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1245 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
1246 $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1247 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
1248 $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1249 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1250 format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1251 format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
1252 EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1253 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1254 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1255 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1256 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1257 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1258 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1259 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME,
1260 $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
1261 $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}, $^M
1265 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1273 =item Private Variables via my()
1275 =item Temporary Values via local()
1277 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1279 =item Pass by Reference
1283 =item Constant Functions
1285 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
1293 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages)
1303 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1313 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1317 =item Pragmatic Modules
1319 blib, diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap,
1320 strict, subs, vmsish, vars
1322 =item Standard Modules
1324 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
1325 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Template, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
1326 DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
1327 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
1328 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
1329 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fcntl,
1330 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find,
1331 File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
1332 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle,
1333 IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
1334 Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, NDBM_File, Net::Ping,
1335 Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text,
1336 POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
1337 Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
1338 Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords,
1339 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
1340 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
1341 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
1343 =item Extension Modules
1349 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1350 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1351 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1352 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1353 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1354 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1355 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1356 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1357 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1358 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1359 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1360 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1361 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
1364 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1368 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1370 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1371 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1372 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1373 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1374 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1375 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1376 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1377 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1378 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1379 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1380 care when changing a released module
1382 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1384 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
1385 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
1386 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
1387 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
1389 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1391 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
1392 applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
1393 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
1394 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
1395 can then be reduced to a small
1399 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1405 =item Format Variables
1415 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1421 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1426 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1432 =item The use locale pragma
1434 =item The setlocale function
1436 =item The localeconv function
1440 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1444 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1446 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1448 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1450 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1454 =item Other categories
1460 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
1461 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
1462 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
1463 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
1464 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
1465 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
1466 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
1467 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
1468 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
1473 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
1480 =item Backward compatibility
1482 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1484 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1486 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1488 =item Freely available locale definitions
1492 =item An imperfect standard
1500 =item Broken systems
1508 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1514 =item Symbolic references
1516 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1524 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
1528 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
1529 more elaborate constructs
1533 =item COMMON MISTAKES
1535 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
1537 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
1543 =item LISTS OF LISTS
1547 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
1549 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
1551 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
1555 =item HASHES OF LISTS
1559 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
1561 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
1563 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
1567 =item LISTS OF HASHES
1571 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
1573 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
1575 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
1579 =item HASHES OF HASHES
1583 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
1585 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
1587 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
1591 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1595 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1597 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1599 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1609 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
1613 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
1615 =item Growing Your Own
1617 =item Access and Printing
1625 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1629 =item Creating a Class
1633 =item Object Representation
1635 =item Class Interface
1637 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1639 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1643 =item Other Object Methods
1651 =item Accessing Class Data
1653 =item Debugging Methods
1655 =item Class Destructors
1657 =item Documenting the Interface
1667 =item Overridden Methods
1669 =item Multiple Inheritance
1671 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1675 =item Alternate Object Representations
1679 =item Arrays as Objects
1681 =item Closures as Objects
1685 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1689 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1691 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1695 =item Metaclassical Tools
1699 =item Class::Template
1701 =item Data Members as Variables
1705 =item Object Terminology
1715 =item Acknowledgments
1719 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1725 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1727 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1729 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1731 =item Method Invocation
1733 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1735 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1743 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1749 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1759 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
1763 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1768 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1769 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1770 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
1772 =item Tying FileHandles
1774 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this,
1775 GETC this, DESTROY this
1777 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1787 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1791 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1793 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1795 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1797 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1799 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1801 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1803 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1805 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1807 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1809 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1813 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1814 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1822 =item Using open() for IPC
1828 =item Background Processes
1830 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1832 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1834 =item Bidirectional Communication
1838 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1842 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1844 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1846 =item UDP: Message Passing
1862 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1866 =item The Perl Debugger
1870 =item Debugger Commands
1872 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1873 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
1874 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
1875 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1876 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1877 command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C<recallCommand>,
1878 C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>,
1879 C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
1880 C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>,
1881 C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<quote>,
1882 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
1883 C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command, E<gt> command,
1884 E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, !
1885 pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, = [alias value],
1886 command, m expr, m package
1888 =item Debugger input/output
1890 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
1892 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1894 =item Debugger Customization
1896 =item Readline Support
1898 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1900 =item The Perl Profiler
1902 =item Debugger support in perl
1904 =item Debugger Internals
1906 =item Other resources
1912 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
1916 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
1922 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
1924 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
1926 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
1930 =item Protecting Your Programs
1934 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
1950 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
1952 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
1953 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
1954 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
1955 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
1957 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
1959 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
1960 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
1961 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
1965 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
1967 =item Numerical Traps
1969 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
1971 =item General data type traps
1973 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
1974 (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
1976 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
1978 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
1980 =item Precedence Traps
1982 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
1985 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
1987 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
1988 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
1989 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
1991 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
1993 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
1999 =item Interpolation Traps
2001 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
2002 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2008 =item Unclassified Traps
2014 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
2018 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
2022 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2024 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
2030 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
2034 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2042 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
2043 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
2047 =item Compiling your C program
2049 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2051 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2053 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2055 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
2057 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2059 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2061 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2063 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2074 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2080 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
2081 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
2082 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
2083 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
2084 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(s,f)>,
2085 B<PerlIO_putc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
2086 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
2087 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
2088 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
2089 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
2093 =item Co-existence with stdio
2095 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
2096 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
2097 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
2098 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
2099 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
2100 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
2104 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2114 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
2116 =item The Argument Stack
2118 =item The RETVAL Variable
2120 =item The MODULE Keyword
2122 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
2124 =item The PREFIX Keyword
2126 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
2128 =item The CODE: Keyword
2130 =item The INIT: Keyword
2132 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
2134 =item Initializing Function Parameters
2136 =item Default Parameter Values
2138 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
2140 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
2142 =item The INPUT: Keyword
2144 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
2146 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
2148 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
2150 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
2152 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
2154 =item The BOOT: Keyword
2156 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
2158 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
2160 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
2162 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
2164 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
2166 =item The CASE: Keyword
2168 =item The & Unary Operator
2170 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
2172 =item Using XS With C++
2174 =item Interface Strategy
2176 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
2188 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
2194 =item VERSION CAVEAT
2196 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
2202 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
2204 =item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
2208 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
2210 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
2212 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
2214 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
2220 =item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
2222 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
2224 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
2226 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
2228 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
2230 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
2240 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
2250 =item What is an "IV"?
2252 =item Working with SVs
2254 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
2256 =item Working with AVs
2258 =item Working with HVs
2260 =item Hash API Extensions
2264 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
2266 =item Creating New Variables
2268 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
2270 =item Stashes and Globs
2272 =item Double-Typed SVs
2274 =item Magic Variables
2276 =item Assigning Magic
2278 =item Magic Virtual Tables
2288 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
2290 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
2292 =item Memory Allocation
2296 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
2300 =item Scratchpads and recursion
2310 =item Examining the tree
2312 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
2314 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
2316 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
2318 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
2324 AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
2325 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
2326 DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
2327 dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
2328 GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
2329 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH,
2330 HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
2331 hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent,
2332 hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv,
2333 hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
2334 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
2335 isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
2336 mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
2337 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
2338 newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
2339 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
2340 perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_free,
2341 perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
2342 perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
2343 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
2344 saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
2345 strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
2346 sv_catpvn, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_dec,
2347 SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
2348 SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
2349 sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
2350 SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
2351 SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
2352 SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
2353 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
2354 sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, SvSTASH,
2355 SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE,
2356 SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref, sv_usepvn,
2357 sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XS,
2358 XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV,
2359 XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO,
2360 XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
2366 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
2370 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
2372 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
2374 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
2394 =item Determining the Context
2398 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
2404 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
2406 =item Passing Parameters
2408 =item Returning a Scalar
2410 =item Returning a list of values
2412 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
2414 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
2418 =item Using G_KEEPERR
2420 =item Using perl_call_sv
2422 =item Using perl_call_argv
2424 =item Using perl_call_method
2428 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
2430 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
2432 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
2433 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
2436 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
2438 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
2448 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
2450 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
2464 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
2474 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
2482 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
2490 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
2499 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
2501 =item The I<splain> Program
2513 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
2520 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
2526 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
2534 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
2536 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
2538 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
2546 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
2553 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
2561 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
2565 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
2571 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
2573 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
2575 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
2577 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
2579 =item Overloadable Operations
2581 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
2582 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
2583 and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
2585 =item Inheritance and overloading
2587 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
2588 is inherited by derived classes
2592 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
2600 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
2602 =item Copy Constructor
2608 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
2610 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
2611 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
2612 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
2616 =item Run-time Overloading
2618 =item Public functions
2620 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
2622 =item IMPLEMENTATION
2630 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
2640 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
2642 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
2646 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
2650 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
2656 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
2662 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
2664 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
2670 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
2676 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
2678 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
2686 =item DBM Comparisons
2694 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
2702 =item Subroutine Stubs
2704 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2706 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2708 =item Package Lexicals
2710 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
2718 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
2728 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
2740 =item Standard Exports
2742 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
2743 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
2744 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]] )
2746 =item Optional Exports
2748 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
2760 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
2762 =head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
2772 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
2784 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
2786 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
2788 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
2790 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
2792 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
2794 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
2796 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
2798 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
2800 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
2802 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
2804 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
2806 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
2808 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
2810 =item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
2812 =item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
2814 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
2816 =item CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
2818 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
2820 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
2824 =item CREATING FORMS:
2828 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
2830 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
2832 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
2834 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
2838 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
2840 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
2842 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
2846 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
2848 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
2852 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
2856 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
2860 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
2864 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
2868 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
2870 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
2872 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
2876 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
2878 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
2880 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
2882 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
2886 =item NETSCAPE COOKIES
2888 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
2889 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
2891 =item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
2893 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
2894 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
2901 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
2905 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2907 B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
2908 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
2909 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
2910 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
2911 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
2914 =item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS:
2918 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
2920 =item Generating new HTML tags
2924 =item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
2926 B<cgi>, B<form>, B<html2>, B<html3>, B<netscape>, B<shortcuts>,
2929 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
2931 In the B<use> statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be
2932 imported into your script:, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using
2933 B<-nph> parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
2935 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
2939 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
2940 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
2941 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
2942 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
2943 Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
2944 Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
2945 Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
2946 (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
2947 Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
2948 (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
2949 (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
2951 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
2957 =head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
2969 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
2976 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
2978 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
2986 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
2992 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
2994 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
2996 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
2998 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
3002 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3008 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
3014 =item USING CGI::Push
3016 -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
3018 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
3022 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3028 =head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
3039 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
3047 =item Interactive Mode
3049 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
3050 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
3059 =item The 4 Classes: Authors, Bundles, Modules, Distributions
3061 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
3063 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
3073 =item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
3079 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
3080 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
3081 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
3094 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
3100 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
3109 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
3115 =head2 Class::Template - struct/member template builder
3123 Example 1, Example 2
3127 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
3133 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
3141 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
3147 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB
3153 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
3157 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
3159 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
3161 =item Default Parameters
3163 =item In Memory Databases
3171 =item A Simple Example
3179 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
3181 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
3183 =item The get_dup() Method
3185 =item Matching Partial Keys
3193 =item The 'bval' Option
3195 =item A Simple Example
3199 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
3200 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
3202 =item Another Example
3206 =item THE API INTERFACE
3208 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
3209 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
3210 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
3211 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
3213 =item HINTS AND TIPS
3217 =item Locking Databases
3219 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
3221 =item The untie() Gotcha
3225 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
3229 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
3231 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
3233 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
3235 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
3249 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
3255 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
3261 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
3267 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
3268 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
3269 dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
3270 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
3275 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
3282 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
3290 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
3298 =item Selecting What To Export
3300 =item Specialised Import Lists
3302 =item Module Version Checking
3304 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
3306 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
3310 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
3317 cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
3318 source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
3319 directory.., test_f file
3327 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
3337 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
3338 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
3346 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
3352 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
3358 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
3364 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
3374 =item VMS implementation
3380 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3387 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
3397 =item Preloaded methods
3399 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
3401 =item SelfLoaded methods
3403 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
3404 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
3405 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
3406 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
3407 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
3409 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
3411 force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others,
3412 install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o),
3413 makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
3414 maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru
3415 (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
3416 post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
3417 (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
3418 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
3419 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
3420 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
3426 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3435 =item Methods always loaded
3437 eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
3438 rootdir (override), updir (override)
3440 =item SelfLoaded methods
3442 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
3443 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
3444 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
3445 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
3446 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
3447 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
3448 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
3449 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
3450 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
3451 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
3452 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
3453 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
3454 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
3455 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
3460 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3467 catfile, static_lib (o), dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script,
3468 pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override), tools_other
3469 (o), manifypods (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
3471 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
3479 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
3481 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
3489 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
3493 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
3495 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
3497 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
3499 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
3501 C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
3502 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC,
3503 INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
3504 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
3505 INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
3506 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
3507 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
3508 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
3509 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
3510 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
3513 =item Additional lowercase attributes
3515 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
3518 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
3520 =item Hintsfile support
3522 =item Distribution Support
3524 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
3525 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
3526 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
3534 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
3544 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
3548 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
3549 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
3555 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
3563 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
3569 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
3576 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
3582 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
3588 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
3596 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
3598 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
3604 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
3608 C<basename>, C<dirname>
3610 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
3616 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
3626 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
3634 =item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)
3636 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
3644 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
3650 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
3660 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
3670 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
3678 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
3684 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
3688 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
3694 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
3704 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
3716 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
3723 E<lt>noneE<gt>, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f
3727 =item Linkage specification
3729 =item Aliases and abbreviations
3731 =item Non-option call-back routine
3733 =item Option starters
3743 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
3745 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
3746 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
3747 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
3748 reset), debug (default: reset)
3750 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
3752 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
3754 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
3761 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
3768 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
3774 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3782 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3786 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3792 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
3800 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3804 $fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->write ( BUF,
3805 LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->opened, $fh->untaint
3815 =head2 IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3823 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3827 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
3835 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
3845 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
3857 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
3858 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
3859 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
3867 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
3879 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
3886 =item IO::Socket::INET
3890 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
3893 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
3897 hostpath(), peerpath()
3907 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3915 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3919 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3925 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
3934 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3938 $fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->write ( BUF,
3939 LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->opened, $fh->untaint
3949 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3957 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3961 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
3969 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
3980 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
3993 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
3994 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
3995 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
4003 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
4016 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4023 =item IO::Socket::INET
4027 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4030 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4034 hostpath(), peerpath()
4044 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
4054 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
4063 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
4069 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
4075 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
4081 Canonical notation, Input, Output
4089 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
4100 =item STRINGIFICATION
4104 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4110 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
4116 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
4120 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4122 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
4126 =item ANGLE CONVERSIONS
4132 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
4138 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
4148 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
4149 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
4157 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
4170 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
4183 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
4194 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
4207 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
4213 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
4223 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
4225 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
4226 or optag, an operator set (opset)
4228 =item Opcode Functions
4230 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
4231 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
4232 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
4235 =item Manipulating Opsets
4239 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
4241 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
4242 :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
4243 :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
4249 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
4256 a new namespace, an operator mask
4262 =item RECENT CHANGES
4264 =item Methods in class Safe
4266 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4267 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4268 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4269 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4271 =item Some Safety Issues
4273 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4279 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
4288 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
4300 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
4301 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
4302 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
4303 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
4304 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
4305 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
4306 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
4307 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
4308 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
4309 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
4310 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
4311 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
4312 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
4313 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
4314 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
4315 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
4316 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
4317 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
4318 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
4319 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
4320 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
4321 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
4322 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
4323 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
4324 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
4325 wcstombs, wctomb, write
4331 =item POSIX::SigAction
4337 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
4339 =item POSIX::Termios
4341 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
4342 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
4343 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
4344 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
4345 values, c_oflag field values
4349 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
4353 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
4357 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
4415 =head2 Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML
4423 help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
4424 nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
4436 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
4446 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
4452 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
4458 a new namespace, an operator mask
4464 =item RECENT CHANGES
4466 =item Methods in class Safe
4468 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4469 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4470 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4471 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4473 =item Some Safety Issues
4475 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4481 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
4487 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
4493 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
4501 =item The __DATA__ token
4503 =item SelfLoader autoloading
4505 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
4507 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
4509 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
4511 =item Classes and inherited methods.
4515 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
4517 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
4525 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
4526 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
4532 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
4533 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
4534 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
4535 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
4536 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
4538 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
4544 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
4552 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
4553 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
4559 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
4560 setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog
4570 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
4578 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
4584 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
4592 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
4593 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
4599 =item Minimal set of supported functions
4601 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
4602 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
4604 =item Additional supported functions
4610 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
4618 =item The test script output
4626 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
4627 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
4628 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
4637 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
4645 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens
4653 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
4666 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
4677 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
4689 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
4695 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
4696 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
4700 =item MORE INFORMATION
4702 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
4716 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
4723 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
4725 =item MORE INFORMATION
4727 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
4735 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
4741 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
4752 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
4763 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
4771 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
4777 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( VAL, TYPE ),
4780 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
4791 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
4802 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
4804 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
4805 don't all have manual pages yet:
4827 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob