4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
115 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
117 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
121 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
123 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
125 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
127 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
129 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
131 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
133 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
137 =item About the perlfaq documents
141 =item Where to get the perlfaq
143 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
145 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
152 =item Author and Copyright Information
156 =item Bundled Distributions
164 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
165 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
166 Initial Release: 11/March/97
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
188 =item Simple statements
190 =item Compound statements
198 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
202 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
204 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
210 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
224 =item Scalar value constructors
226 =item List value constructors
230 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
238 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
248 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
250 =item The Arrow Operator
252 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
256 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
258 =item Binding Operators
260 =item Multiplicative Operators
262 =item Additive Operators
264 =item Shift Operators
266 =item Named Unary Operators
268 =item Relational Operators
270 =item Equality Operators
274 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
276 =item C-style Logical And
278 =item C-style Logical Or
280 =item Range Operators
282 =item Conditional Operator
284 =item Assignment Operators
288 =item List Operators (Rightward)
294 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
296 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
298 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
300 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
302 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
304 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
305 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
306 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
307 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
309 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
311 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
312 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
313 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
314 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
319 =item Constant Folding
321 =item Bitwise String Operators
323 =item Integer Arithmetic
325 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
333 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
343 =item Private Variables via my()
345 =item Persistent Private Variables
347 =item Temporary Values via local()
349 =item Lvalue subroutines
351 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
353 =item When to Still Use local()
355 =item Pass by Reference
359 =item Constant Functions
361 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
365 =item Subroutine Attributes
373 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
381 =item Perl Functions by Category
383 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
384 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
385 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
386 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
387 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
388 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
389 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
390 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
391 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
392 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
397 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
399 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
400 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
401 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
402 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
403 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
404 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
405 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
406 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
407 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
408 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
409 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
410 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
411 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
412 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
413 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
414 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
415 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
416 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
417 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
418 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
419 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
420 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
421 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
422 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
423 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
424 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
425 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
426 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
427 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
428 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
429 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
430 next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module
431 LIST, no Module, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
432 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
433 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
434 EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
435 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
436 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
437 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
438 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
439 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
440 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
441 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
442 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
443 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
444 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
445 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
446 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
447 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
448 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
449 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
450 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
451 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
452 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
453 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
454 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
455 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
456 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
457 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
458 study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
459 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
460 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
461 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
462 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
463 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
464 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
465 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
466 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
467 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
468 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
469 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
470 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
471 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
472 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
478 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
484 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
492 =item Making References
494 =item Using References
512 =item Distribution Conditions
518 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
524 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
525 more elaborate constructs
529 =item COMMON MISTAKES
531 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
533 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
539 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
543 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
545 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
547 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
551 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
555 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
557 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
559 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
563 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
567 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
569 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
571 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
575 =item HASHES OF HASHES
579 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
581 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
583 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
587 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
591 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
593 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
595 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
607 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
617 =item Simple word matching
619 =item Using character classes
621 =item Matching this or that
623 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
625 =item Extracting matches
627 =item Matching repetitions
631 =item Search and replace
633 =item The split operator
641 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
645 =item Acknowledgments
651 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
659 =item Ordinary Paragraph
661 =item Verbatim Paragraph
663 =item Command Paragraph
665 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
666 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
667 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
668 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
670 =item Formatting Codes
672 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
673 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
674 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
675 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
676 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
677 (zero-effect) formatting code
681 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
683 =item Hints for Writing Pod
693 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
700 =item Pod Definitions
704 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
705 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
707 =item Pod Formatting Codes
709 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
710 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
711 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
712 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
713 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
714 contains non-breaking spaces
716 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
718 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
720 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
722 =item About =over...=back Regions
724 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
732 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
740 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
758 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
760 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
761 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
762 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
763 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
765 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
767 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
768 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
769 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
773 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
775 =item Numerical Traps
777 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
779 =item General data type traps
781 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
782 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
784 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
786 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
788 =item Precedence Traps
790 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
793 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
795 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
796 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
799 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
801 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
807 =item Interpolation Traps
809 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
810 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
816 =item Unclassified Traps
818 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
825 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
835 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
837 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
839 =item Location of Perl
841 =item Command Switches
843 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
844 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
845 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
846 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
847 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
848 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
849 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
855 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
856 :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
857 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
858 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
859 SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
863 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
871 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
879 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
881 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
883 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
887 =item Backward Compatibility
889 =item Category Hierarchy
893 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
905 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
913 =item Looking at data and -w and v
917 =item Stepping through code
919 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
921 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
939 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
945 =item The Perl Debugger
949 =item Debugger Commands
951 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
952 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
953 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
954 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
955 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
956 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
957 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
958 command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
959 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, @ file, H -number, q or
960 ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
962 =item Configurable Options
964 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
965 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
966 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
967 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
968 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
969 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
972 =item Debugger input/output
974 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
977 =item Debugging compile-time statements
979 =item Debugger Customization
981 =item Readline Support
983 =item Editor Support for Debugging
985 =item The Perl Profiler
989 =item Debugging regular expressions
991 =item Debugging memory usage
999 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1007 =item Predefined Names
1009 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1010 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1011 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1012 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1013 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1014 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1015 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1016 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1017 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1018 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1019 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1020 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1021 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1022 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1023 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1024 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1025 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1026 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1027 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1028 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1029 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1030 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1031 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1032 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1033 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1034 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1035 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1036 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1037 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1038 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1040 =item Error Indicators
1042 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1050 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1058 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1060 =item Growing Your Own
1062 =item Access and Printing
1074 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1080 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1088 =item The Minus File
1090 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1096 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1100 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1104 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1108 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1110 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1112 =item Paths as Opens
1114 =item Single Argument Open
1116 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1120 =item Other I/O Issues
1124 =item Opening Non-File Files
1134 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1140 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1146 =item The Basic Principle
1150 =item Packing Numbers
1156 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1158 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1160 =item Floating point Numbers
1164 =item Exotic Templates
1176 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1180 =item Lengths and Widths
1184 =item String Lengths
1186 =item Dynamic Templates
1190 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1194 =item The Alignment Pit
1196 =item Alignment, Take 2
1198 =item Alignment, Take 3
1200 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1206 =item Funnies Section
1212 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1218 =item Part 1: The basics
1222 =item Simple word matching
1224 =item Using character classes
1226 =item Matching this or that
1228 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1230 =item Extracting matches
1232 =item Matching repetitions
1234 =item Building a regexp
1236 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1240 =item Part 2: Power tools
1244 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1246 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1248 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1250 =item Non-capturing groupings
1252 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1254 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1256 =item Conditional expressions
1258 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1260 =item Pragmas and debugging
1268 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1272 =item Acknowledgments
1278 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1288 =item Regular Expressions
1290 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1292 =item Extended Patterns
1294 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1295 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1296 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1297 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1301 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1303 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1305 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1307 =item Combining pieces together
1309 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1310 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1311 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1312 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1314 =item Creating custom RE engines
1324 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1334 =item Making References
1336 =item Using References
1338 =item Symbolic references
1340 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1342 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1344 =item Function Templates
1354 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1362 =item Format Variables
1372 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1380 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1388 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1390 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1392 =item Invoking a barnyard
1394 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1396 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1398 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1400 =item A few notes about @ISA
1402 =item Overriding the methods
1404 =item Starting the search from a different place
1406 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1408 =item Where we're at so far...
1410 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1412 =item Invoking an instance method
1414 =item Accessing the instance data
1416 =item How to build a horse
1418 =item Inheriting the constructor
1420 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1422 =item Adding parameters to a method
1424 =item More interesting instances
1426 =item A horse of a different color
1438 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1444 =item Creating a Class
1448 =item Object Representation
1450 =item Class Interface
1452 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1454 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1458 =item Other Object Methods
1466 =item Accessing Class Data
1468 =item Debugging Methods
1470 =item Class Destructors
1472 =item Documenting the Interface
1482 =item Overridden Methods
1484 =item Multiple Inheritance
1486 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1490 =item Alternate Object Representations
1494 =item Arrays as Objects
1496 =item Closures as Objects
1500 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1504 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1506 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1510 =item Metaclassical Tools
1516 =item Data Members as Variables
1524 =item Object Terminology
1530 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1536 =item Acknowledgments
1542 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1548 =item Class Data in a Can
1550 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1554 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1556 =item Inheritance Concerns
1558 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1560 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1562 =item Monadic Classes
1564 =item Translucent Attributes
1568 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1572 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1574 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1576 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1578 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1580 =item Translucency Revisited
1588 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1590 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1596 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1604 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1606 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1608 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1610 =item Method Invocation
1612 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1614 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1616 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1622 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1630 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1636 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1638 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1640 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1642 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1644 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1646 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1648 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1650 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1652 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1654 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1660 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1672 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1677 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1678 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1679 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1680 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1685 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1686 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1687 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1689 =item Tying FileHandles
1691 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1692 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1697 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1709 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1710 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1726 =item Using open() for IPC
1732 =item Background Processes
1734 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1736 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1738 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1740 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1744 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1748 =item Internet Line Terminators
1750 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1752 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1756 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1760 =item A Simple Client
1762 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1764 =item A Webget Client
1766 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1770 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1772 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1774 =item UDP: Message Passing
1788 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1798 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1800 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1801 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1802 files, directories and network sockets
1804 =item Resource limits
1806 =item Killing the parent process
1808 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1810 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1812 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1813 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1814 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1826 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1834 =item Storing numbers
1836 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1838 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1840 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1841 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1842 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1851 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1859 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1861 =item Threaded Program Models
1873 =item Native threads
1875 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1877 =item Threadsafe Modules
1883 =item Basic Thread Support
1885 =item Creating Threads
1887 =item Giving up control
1889 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1891 =item Ignoring A Thread
1895 =item Threads And Data
1899 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1901 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
1905 =item Synchronization and control
1909 =item Controlling access: lock()
1911 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1913 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1915 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1917 =item Basic semaphores
1919 =item Advanced Semaphores
1921 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
1925 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1929 =item What Thread Am I In?
1933 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1935 =item What Threads Are Running?
1939 =item A Complete Example
1941 =item Performance considerations
1949 =item Introductory Texts
1951 =item OS-Related References
1953 =item Other References
1957 =item Acknowledgements
1965 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1971 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1973 =item Threaded Program Models
1985 =item Native threads
1987 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1989 =item Threadsafe Modules
1995 =item Basic Thread Support
1997 =item Creating Threads
1999 =item Giving up control
2001 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2003 =item Errors In Threads
2005 =item Ignoring A Thread
2009 =item Threads And Data
2013 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2015 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2017 =item Controlling access: lock()
2019 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2021 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2025 =item Threads And Code
2029 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2031 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2033 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2035 =item Subroutine Locks
2039 =item Locking A Subroutine
2043 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2047 =item What Thread Am I In?
2051 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2053 =item What Threads Are Running?
2057 =item A Complete Example
2065 =item Introductory Texts
2067 =item OS-Related References
2069 =item Other References
2073 =item Acknowledgements
2081 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2087 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2096 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2098 =item Files and Filesystems
2100 =item System Interaction
2102 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2104 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2106 =item Standard Modules
2110 =item Character sets and character encoding
2112 =item Internationalisation
2114 =item System Resources
2124 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2125 http://testers.cpan.org/
2133 =item DOS and Derivatives
2141 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2149 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2153 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2155 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2156 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2157 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2158 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2159 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2160 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2161 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2162 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2163 getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
2164 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
2165 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
2166 EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
2167 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
2168 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
2169 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
2170 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
2171 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2172 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2173 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2174 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2175 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2176 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2177 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2178 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2179 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2185 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2186 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2187 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2188 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2189 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2190 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2192 =item Supported Platforms
2196 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2200 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2207 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2213 =item The use locale pragma
2215 =item The setlocale function
2217 =item Finding locales
2219 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2221 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2223 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2225 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2227 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2229 =item The localeconv function
2231 =item I18N::Langinfo
2235 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2239 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2241 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2243 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2245 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2249 =item Other categories
2257 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2258 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2264 =item Backward compatibility
2266 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2268 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2270 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2272 =item Freely available locale definitions
2276 =item An imperfect standard
2280 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2286 =item Broken systems
2296 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2306 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2308 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2310 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2312 =item Creating Unicode
2314 =item Handling Unicode
2316 =item Legacy Encodings
2320 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2324 =item Advanced Topics
2328 =item Questions With Answers
2332 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2334 =item Further Resources
2338 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2342 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2344 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2348 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2356 =item Important Caveats
2358 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2359 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2361 =item Byte and Character semantics
2363 =item Effects of character semantics
2369 =item User-defined Character Properties
2371 =item Character encodings for input and output
2373 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2375 =item Unicode Encodings
2377 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2379 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2383 =item Using Unicode in XS
2391 =item Interaction with locales
2393 =item Interaction with extensions
2403 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2409 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2417 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2421 =item 13 variant characters
2429 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2431 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2433 =item Unicode and UTF
2439 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2441 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2443 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2457 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2459 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2461 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2463 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2471 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2473 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2475 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2477 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2481 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2485 =item URL decoding and encoding
2487 =item uu encoding and decoding
2489 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2491 =item Caesarian ciphers
2495 =item Hashing order and checksums
2499 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2511 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2531 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2539 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2541 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2543 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2547 =item Protecting Your Programs
2557 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2569 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2575 =item Making your module threadsafe
2583 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2593 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2594 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2608 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2614 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2618 =item Pragmatic Modules
2620 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
2621 charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer,
2622 less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs,
2623 threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2625 =item Standard Modules
2627 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2628 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2629 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2630 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2631 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2632 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2633 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2634 Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2635 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
2636 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2637 ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
2638 ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2639 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2640 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2641 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2642 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2643 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2644 File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2645 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2646 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2647 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2648 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
2649 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2650 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2651 Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2652 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
2653 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
2654 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2655 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2656 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2657 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2658 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html,
2659 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils,
2660 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2661 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic,
2662 SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
2663 Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
2664 Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
2665 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
2666 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2667 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Tie::Array, Tie::File,
2668 Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar,
2669 Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm,
2670 UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2672 =item Extension Modules
2684 =item Central America
2696 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2700 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2702 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2704 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2712 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2718 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2722 =item Before you start
2730 =item Release considerations
2734 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2738 =item Has it been done before?
2740 =item Do one thing and do it well
2742 =item What's in a name?
2746 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2750 =item To OO or not to OO?
2752 =item Designing your API
2754 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2755 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2758 =item Strictness and warnings
2760 =item Backwards compatibility
2762 =item Error handling and messages
2766 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2772 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2776 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2780 =item Version numbering
2782 =item Pre-requisites
2792 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2796 =item Reinventing the wheel
2798 =item Trying to do too much
2800 =item Inappropriate documentation
2806 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2807 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2813 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2823 =item What should I make into a module?
2825 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2827 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2829 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2831 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2832 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2833 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2835 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2837 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2838 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2848 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
2849 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
2859 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2861 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2863 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2865 =item What is perl6?
2867 =item How stable is Perl?
2869 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2871 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2874 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2876 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2878 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2880 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2882 =item What is a JAPH?
2884 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2886 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2887 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2891 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2895 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $,
2896 $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
2904 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2906 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2908 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2910 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2913 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2914 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2916 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2917 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2919 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2921 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2923 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2925 =item Where should I post source code?
2929 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2931 =item Perl in Magazines
2933 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2935 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2937 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2939 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2941 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2943 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2947 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2951 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06
2960 =item How do I do (anything)?
2962 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2964 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2966 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2968 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2970 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2972 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2974 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2976 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2978 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
2979 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2980 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2982 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2984 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2986 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2988 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2990 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2992 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2994 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2996 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
2997 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
2999 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
3001 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3003 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3005 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3007 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3009 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3011 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3013 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3015 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3017 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3019 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3021 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3023 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3024 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3026 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3028 =item What's MakeMaker?
3032 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3036 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 2002/05/06
3047 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3048 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3050 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3052 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3055 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3057 B<How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal:>, B<How do I convert from
3058 decimal to hexadecimal:>, B<How do I convert from octal to decimal:>, B<How
3059 do I convert from decimal to octal:>, B<How do I convert from binary to
3060 decimal:>, B<How do I convert from decimal to binary:>
3062 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3064 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3066 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3068 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3070 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3072 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3080 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
3082 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
3084 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3086 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3088 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3090 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3092 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3100 =item How do I validate input?
3102 =item How do I unescape a string?
3104 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3106 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3108 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3110 =item How do I reverse a string?
3112 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3114 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3116 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
3118 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3120 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3123 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3125 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3126 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3128 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3130 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3132 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3134 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3136 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3138 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3140 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3142 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3143 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3152 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3154 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3156 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3160 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3163 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3164 intersection of two arrays?
3166 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3168 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3170 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3172 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3174 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3176 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3178 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3180 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3182 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3184 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3186 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3190 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3194 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3196 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3199 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3201 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3203 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3205 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3207 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3209 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3211 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3213 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3215 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3217 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3219 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3222 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3223 array of hashes or arrays?
3225 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3233 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3235 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3237 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3239 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3241 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3243 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3245 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3249 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3253 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2002/04/12
3262 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3264 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3265 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3267 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3269 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3271 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3273 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3274 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3276 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3278 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3280 =item How can I write() into a string?
3282 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3284 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3286 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3288 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3290 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3292 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3294 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3296 =item How can I lock a file?
3298 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3300 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3301 the file. How can I do this?
3303 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3304 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3306 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3308 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3310 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3312 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3314 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3316 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3318 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3320 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3322 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3324 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3326 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3328 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3329 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3331 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3333 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3334 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3336 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3338 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3342 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3346 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.10 $, $Date: 2002/04/07
3355 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3356 and unmaintainable code?
3358 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3360 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3362 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3365 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3367 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3370 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3372 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3374 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3376 =item What is C</o> really for?
3378 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3381 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3383 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3385 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3387 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3389 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3391 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3393 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3395 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3397 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3399 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3401 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3403 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3405 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3409 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3413 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
3414 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)
3422 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3424 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3427 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3430 =item How do I skip some return values?
3432 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3434 =item What's an extension?
3436 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3438 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3440 =item How do I create a module?
3442 =item How do I create a class?
3444 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3446 =item What's a closure?
3448 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3450 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3453 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3456 =item How do I create a static variable?
3458 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3459 Between local() and my()?
3461 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3464 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3466 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3468 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3470 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3472 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3474 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3476 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3478 =item How can I find out my current package?
3480 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3482 =item How do I clear a package?
3484 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3488 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3492 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.7 $, $Date: 2002/04/18
3501 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3503 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3505 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3507 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3509 =item How do I print something out in color?
3511 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3513 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3515 =item How do I clear the screen?
3517 =item How do I get the screen size?
3519 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3521 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3523 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3525 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3527 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3529 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3531 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3533 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3535 =item How do I set the time and date?
3537 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3539 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3541 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3543 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3544 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3546 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3548 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3550 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3552 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3554 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3556 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3558 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3560 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3562 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3564 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3567 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3569 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3571 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3573 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3576 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3577 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3578 changes to be visible?
3582 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3585 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3587 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3589 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3591 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3593 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3595 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3597 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3599 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3601 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3603 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3605 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3607 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3610 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3612 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3616 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3620 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13
3629 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3631 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3634 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3636 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3638 =item How do I extract URLs?
3640 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3641 file on another machine?
3643 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3645 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3647 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3649 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3651 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3653 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3655 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3657 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3658 CGI script to do bad things?
3660 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3662 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3664 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3666 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3668 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3670 =item How do I send mail?
3672 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3674 =item How do I read mail?
3676 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3678 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3680 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3682 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3686 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3690 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3700 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3704 =item Using The Back Ends
3708 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3712 =item The Decompiling Back End
3714 =item The Lint Back End
3716 =item The Simple C Back End
3718 =item The Bytecode Back End
3720 =item The Optimized C Back End
3724 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3726 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3727 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3728 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3730 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3736 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3746 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3747 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3751 =item Compiling your C program
3753 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3755 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3757 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3759 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3761 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3763 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3765 =item Execution of END blocks
3767 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3769 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3774 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3784 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3790 =item Debugger Internals
3794 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3798 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3800 =item Debugging regular expressions
3804 =item Compile-time output
3806 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3807 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3808 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3811 =item Types of nodes
3813 =item Run-time output
3817 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3821 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3823 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3824 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3827 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3829 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3831 =item B<-DL> details
3835 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3843 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3855 =item Version caveat
3857 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3869 =item What has gone on?
3871 =item Writing good test scripts
3875 =item What's new here?
3877 =item Input and Output Parameters
3879 =item The XSUBPP Program
3881 =item The TYPEMAP file
3883 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3887 =item What has happened here?
3889 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3891 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3893 =item More about XSUB arguments
3895 =item The Argument Stack
3897 =item Extending your Extension
3899 =item Documenting your Extension
3901 =item Installing your Extension
3905 =item New Things in this Example
3909 =item New Things in this Example
3911 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3913 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3915 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
3917 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3933 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3945 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3947 =item The Argument Stack
3949 =item The RETVAL Variable
3951 =item The MODULE Keyword
3953 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3955 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3957 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3959 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3961 =item The CODE: Keyword
3963 =item The INIT: Keyword
3965 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3967 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3969 =item Default Parameter Values
3971 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3973 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3975 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3977 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3979 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
3981 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3983 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3985 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3987 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3989 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3991 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3993 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3995 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3997 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3999 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4001 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4003 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4005 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4007 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4009 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4011 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4013 =item The CASE: Keyword
4015 =item The & Unary Operator
4017 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4019 =item Using XS With C++
4021 =item Interface Strategy
4023 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4027 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4029 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4041 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4051 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4053 =item File Operations
4055 =item File Input and Output
4057 =item File Positioning
4059 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4061 =item Character Class Tests
4063 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4065 =item Miscellaneous functions
4073 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4085 =item What is an "IV"?
4087 =item Working with SVs
4091 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4093 =item Working with AVs
4095 =item Working with HVs
4097 =item Hash API Extensions
4101 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4103 =item Creating New Variables
4105 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4107 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4109 =item Stashes and Globs
4111 =item Double-Typed SVs
4113 =item Magic Variables
4115 =item Assigning Magic
4117 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4121 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4123 =item Localizing changes
4125 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4126 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4127 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4128 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4129 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4130 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4131 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4132 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4133 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4134 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4142 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4144 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4146 =item Memory Allocation
4150 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4154 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4164 =item Examining the tree
4166 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4168 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4170 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4172 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4174 =item Pluggable runops
4178 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4180 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4184 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4186 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4188 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4190 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4192 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4196 =item Internal Functions
4198 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4202 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4204 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4206 =item Source Documentation
4210 =item Unicode Support
4214 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4216 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4218 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4220 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4222 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4224 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4228 =item Custom Operators
4236 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4242 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4244 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4246 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4266 =item Determining the Context
4270 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4276 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4278 =item Passing Parameters
4280 =item Returning a Scalar
4282 =item Returning a list of values
4284 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4286 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4290 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4294 =item Using call_argv
4296 =item Using call_method
4300 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4302 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4304 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4305 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4308 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4310 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4322 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4332 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4333 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4334 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4335 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4339 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4341 =item Administration
4343 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4347 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4348 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4356 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4366 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4368 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4370 B<Decryption Filters>
4372 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4374 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4376 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4388 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4396 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4397 B<filter_fetch_value>
4403 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4405 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4415 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4421 =item "Gimme" Values
4423 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4425 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4427 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4428 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4429 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4431 =item Callback Functions
4433 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4434 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4436 =item Character classes
4438 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4440 =item Cloning an interpreter
4444 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4446 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4448 =item Embedding Functions
4450 load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4451 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4453 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4455 pack_cat, unpack_str
4457 =item Global Variables
4459 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4463 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4464 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4468 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4470 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4472 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4473 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4474 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4475 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4476 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4478 =item Magical Functions
4480 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4481 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4482 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4484 =item Memory Management
4486 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Renew, Renewc, Safefree, savepv,
4487 savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4489 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4491 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4492 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4494 =item Numeric functions
4496 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4499 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4501 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4503 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4505 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4506 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4507 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4508 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4509 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4513 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4515 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4517 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4518 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4519 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4520 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4521 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4522 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4523 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4524 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4525 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4526 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4527 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4528 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
4529 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
4530 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4531 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4532 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4533 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4534 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
4535 sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4536 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4537 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4538 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
4539 sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
4540 sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
4541 sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4542 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4543 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
4544 sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
4545 sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
4546 sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
4547 sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode,
4548 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags,
4549 sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4551 =item Unicode Support
4553 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4554 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4555 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4556 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4557 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4559 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4561 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4562 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4564 =item Warning and Dieing
4574 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4581 =item Global Variables
4583 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4594 =item Pad Data Structures
4598 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4602 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4604 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4612 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4622 =item History and Background
4624 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4626 =item Data Structures
4628 =item Functions and Attributes
4630 =item Per-instance Data
4632 =item Layers in action.
4634 =item Per-instance flag bits
4636 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4637 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4638 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4639 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4641 =item Methods in Detail
4643 name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS,
4644 PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, PERLIO_K_RAW, Pushed, Popped, Open, Getarg, Fileno, Dup,
4645 Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr,
4646 Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt
4650 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4652 =item Extension Layers
4654 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Via"
4662 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4670 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4671 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4672 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4673 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4674 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4675 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4676 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4677 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4678 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4679 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4680 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4684 =item Co-existence with stdio
4686 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4687 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4689 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4691 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4692 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4693 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4694 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4696 =item Other Functions
4698 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4699 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4705 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4711 =item To do during 5.6.x
4715 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4717 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4719 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4721 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4723 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4727 =item use Thread for iThreads
4729 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4731 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4733 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4735 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4737 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4739 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4741 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4743 =item Complete signal handling
4745 =item Out-of-source builds
4747 =item POSIX realtime support
4749 =item UNIX98 support
4753 =item Long double conversion
4757 =item Thread-safe regexes
4759 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4761 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4763 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4765 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4767 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4769 =item Custom opcodes
4771 =item DLL Versioning
4773 =item Introduce @( and @)
4775 =item Floating point handling
4777 =item IV/UV preservation
4779 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4781 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4783 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4785 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4787 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4789 =item Document Win32 choices
4791 =item Check new modules
4793 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4797 =item To do at some point
4801 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4803 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4805 =item bitfields in pack
4807 =item Cross compilation
4809 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4811 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4813 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4815 =item -i rename file when changed
4817 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4819 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4821 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4823 =item my sub foo { }
4825 =item One-pass global destruction
4827 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4829 =item Cache recently used regexps
4831 =item Re-entrant functions
4833 =item Cross-compilation support
4835 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4837 =item debugger pragma
4839 =item use less pragma
4841 =item switch structures
4843 =item Cache eval tree
4847 =item Shrink opcode tables
4849 =item Optimize away @_
4851 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4855 =item Prototype method calls
4857 =item Return context prototype declarations
4861 =item Garbage collection
4865 =item Rewrite perldoc
4867 =item Install .3p manpages
4869 =item Unicode tutorial
4871 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4873 =item Retargetable installation
4875 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4877 =item Rename Win32 headers
4879 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4881 =item Update sprintf documentation
4883 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4885 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4887 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
4889 =item Should overload be inheritable?
4899 =item ref() in list context
4901 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4903 =item Compile to real threaded code
4905 =item Structured types
4907 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4909 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4913 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4917 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4919 =item Constant function cache
4921 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4929 =item Update guts documentation
4931 =item Add more tests
4933 =item Update auxiliary tools
4935 =item Create debugging macros
4937 =item truncate to the people
4939 =item Unicode in Filenames
4943 =item Recently done things
4947 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4949 =item Safe signal handling
4955 =item setitimer and getimiter
4957 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4959 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4961 =item Explicit switch statements
4969 =item perlcc to produce executable
4971 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4973 =item Secure temporary file module
4975 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4977 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4979 =item Mmap for input
4981 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4983 =item Add sockatmark support
4985 =item Mailing list archives
4989 =item Integrate MacPerl
4991 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4993 =item Regular expression tutorial
4995 =item Debugging Tutorial
4997 =item Integrate new modules
4999 =item Integrate profiler
5001 =item Y2K error detection
5003 =item Regular expression debugger
5007 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5009 =item Cache precompiled modules
5013 =item Deprecated Wishes
5017 =item Loop control on do{}
5019 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5025 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5027 =item Named prototypes
5029 =item Built-in globbing
5031 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5033 =item Cached hash values
5035 =item Add compression modules
5037 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5039 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5041 =item Make XS easier to use
5043 =item Make embedding easier to use
5047 =item my $Package::variable
5049 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5051 =item "class"-based lexicals
5055 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5057 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5059 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5061 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5067 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5073 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5074 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5075 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5076 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5077 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5078 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5079 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5083 =item Keeping in sync
5085 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5086 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5088 =item Why rsync the source tree
5090 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
5092 =item Why rsync the patches
5094 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5095 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5097 =item Perlbug remote interface
5099 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
5100 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
5102 =item Submitting patches
5104 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5105 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5107 =item Finding Your Way Around
5109 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5111 =item Elements of the interpreter
5113 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5115 =item Internal Variable Types
5121 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5123 =item Millions of Macros
5125 =item Poking at Perl
5127 =item Using a source-level debugger
5129 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5130 finish, 'enter', print
5132 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5136 =item Patching a core module
5138 =item Adding a new function to the core
5140 =item Writing a test
5142 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5143 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5145 =item Special Make Test Targets
5147 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
5148 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8
5152 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5156 =item Rational Software's Purify
5158 =item Purify on Unix
5160 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5164 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5166 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
5168 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5172 =item Gprof Profiling
5174 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5176 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5178 =item Pixie Profiling
5180 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5183 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5187 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5195 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5203 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5215 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5217 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5221 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5225 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5231 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5233 =item Incompatible Changes
5237 =item Binary Incompatibility
5239 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5241 =item AIX Dynaloading
5243 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
5245 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5247 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5249 =item New Unicode Properties
5251 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5253 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5259 =item Core Enhancements
5263 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5265 =item Restricted Hashes
5269 =item Unicode Overhaul
5271 =item Understanding of Numbers
5273 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5277 =item Modules and Pragmata
5281 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5283 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5287 =item Utility Changes
5289 =item New Documentation
5291 =item Performance Enhancements
5293 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5297 =item Generic Improvements
5299 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5303 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5307 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5311 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5313 =item Changed Internals
5315 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5319 =item Known Problems
5325 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5327 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO8859-15 Locales
5329 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5331 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5333 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5335 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5337 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5341 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5345 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5357 =item XML::Parser not working
5361 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5363 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5365 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5367 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5369 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5371 =item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental
5373 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5377 =item Reporting Bugs
5385 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5391 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5393 =item Incompatible Changes
5397 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5399 =item AIX Dynaloading
5401 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5403 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5409 =item Core Enhancements
5411 =item Modules and Pragmata
5415 =item New Modules and Distributions
5417 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5421 =item Utility Changes
5423 =item New Documentation
5425 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5429 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5431 =item Generic Improvements
5435 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5439 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5443 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5445 =item Source Code Enhancements
5449 =item MAGIC constants
5451 =item Better commented code
5453 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5461 =item Known Problems
5467 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5469 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5471 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5473 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5475 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5477 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5481 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5483 =item Failure of Thread tests
5493 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5495 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5497 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5499 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5501 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5503 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5507 =item Reporting Bugs
5515 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5521 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5523 =item Incompatible Changes
5525 =item Core Enhancements
5529 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5531 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5533 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5537 =item Modules and Pragmata
5543 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5547 =item Performance Enhancements
5549 =item Utility Changes
5551 =item New Documentation
5567 =item README.solaris
5571 =item Porting/repository.pod
5575 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5579 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5581 =item Generic Improvements
5583 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5584 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5585 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5589 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5593 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5597 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5599 =item Changed Internals
5603 =item Known Problems
5607 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5609 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5611 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5613 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5617 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5619 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5621 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5623 =item Failure of Thread tests
5625 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5627 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5629 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5631 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5635 =item Reporting Bugs
5643 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5649 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5651 =item Incompatible Changes
5653 =item Core Enhancements
5655 =item Modules and Pragmata
5661 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5665 =item Utility Changes
5667 =item New Documentation
5669 =item Performance Enhancements
5671 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5675 =item Generic Improvements
5679 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5683 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5687 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5689 =item Changed Internals
5691 =item Known Problems
5695 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5697 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5699 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5701 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5703 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5705 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5707 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5709 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5711 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5713 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5717 =item Reporting Bugs
5725 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5731 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5735 =item Security Issues
5737 =item Core bug fixes
5739 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5740 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5741 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5742 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5743 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5744 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5749 =item Configuration issues
5753 =item Bundled modules
5755 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5756 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5757 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5758 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5760 =item Platform-specific improvements
5762 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5766 =item Core Enhancements
5770 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5772 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5774 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5776 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5778 =item "our" declarations
5780 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5782 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5784 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5786 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5788 =item open() with more than two arguments
5790 =item 64-bit support
5792 =item Large file support
5798 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5800 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5802 =item File globbing implemented internally
5804 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5806 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5808 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5810 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5812 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5814 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5816 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5818 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5820 =item Comments in pack() templates
5822 =item Weak references
5824 =item Binary numbers supported
5826 =item Lvalue subroutines
5828 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5830 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5832 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5834 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5836 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5838 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5840 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5842 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5844 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5846 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5848 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5850 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5852 =item Improved diagnostics
5854 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5856 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5858 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5860 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5862 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5864 =item Improved security features
5866 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5868 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5870 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5872 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5874 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5876 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5878 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5882 =item Modules and Pragmata
5888 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5889 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5890 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5891 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5892 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5893 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5894 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5895 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5901 =item Utility Changes
5915 =item The Perl Debugger
5919 =item Improved Documentation
5921 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5922 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5923 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5924 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5926 =item Performance enhancements
5930 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5932 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5934 =item Faster subroutine calls
5936 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5940 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5944 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5946 =item New Configure flags
5948 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5954 =item -Duselargefiles
5956 =item installusrbinperl
5962 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5964 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
5968 =item Platform specific changes
5972 =item Supported platforms
5976 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5984 =item Significant bug fixes
5988 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5990 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5992 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5994 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5996 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5998 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6000 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6002 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6004 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6006 =item Locale bugs fixed
6010 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6012 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6014 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6016 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6020 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6022 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6023 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6024 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6025 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6026 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6027 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6028 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6029 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6030 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6031 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6032 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6033 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6034 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6035 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6036 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6037 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6038 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6039 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6040 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6041 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6042 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6043 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6044 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6045 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6046 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6047 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6048 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6049 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6050 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6051 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6052 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6053 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6054 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6055 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6056 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6057 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6058 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6059 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6060 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6061 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6062 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6063 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6064 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6065 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6066 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6067 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6068 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6069 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6070 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6071 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6075 =item Incompatible Changes
6079 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6081 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6082 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6083 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6084 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6085 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6086 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6087 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6088 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6089 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6090 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6091 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6093 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6095 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6097 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6099 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6101 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6105 =item Known Problems
6109 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6111 =item Known test failures
6115 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6117 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6119 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6121 =item Experimental features
6123 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6124 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6125 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6129 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6131 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6132 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6133 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6134 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6136 =item Reporting Bugs
6144 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6150 =item Core Enhancements
6154 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6156 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6158 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6160 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6162 =item "our" declarations
6164 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6166 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6168 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6170 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6172 =item open() with more than two arguments
6174 =item 64-bit support
6176 =item Large file support
6182 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6184 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6186 =item File globbing implemented internally
6188 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6190 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6192 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6194 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6196 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6198 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6200 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6202 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6204 =item Comments in pack() templates
6206 =item Weak references
6208 =item Binary numbers supported
6210 =item Lvalue subroutines
6212 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6214 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6216 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6218 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6220 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6222 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6224 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6226 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6228 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6230 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6232 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6234 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6236 =item Improved diagnostics
6238 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6240 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6242 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6244 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6246 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6248 =item Improved security features
6250 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6252 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6254 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6256 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6258 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6260 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6262 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6266 =item Modules and Pragmata
6272 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6273 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6274 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6275 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6276 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6277 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6278 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6279 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6285 =item Utility Changes
6299 =item The Perl Debugger
6303 =item Improved Documentation
6305 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6306 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6307 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6308 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6310 =item Performance enhancements
6314 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6316 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6318 =item Faster subroutine calls
6320 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6324 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6328 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6330 =item New Configure flags
6332 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6338 =item -Duselargefiles
6340 =item installusrbinperl
6346 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6350 =item Platform specific changes
6354 =item Supported platforms
6358 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6366 =item Significant bug fixes
6370 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6372 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6374 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6376 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6378 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6380 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6382 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6384 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6386 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6388 =item Locale bugs fixed
6392 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6394 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6396 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6398 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6402 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6404 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6405 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6406 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6407 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6408 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6409 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6410 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6411 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6412 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6413 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6414 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6415 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6416 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6417 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6418 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6419 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6420 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6421 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6422 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6423 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6424 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6425 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6426 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6427 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6428 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6429 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6430 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6431 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6432 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6433 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6434 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6435 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6436 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6437 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6438 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6439 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6440 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6441 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6442 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6443 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6444 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6445 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6446 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6447 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6448 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6449 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6450 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6451 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6452 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6453 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6457 =item Incompatible Changes
6461 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6463 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6464 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6465 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6466 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6467 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6468 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6469 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6470 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6471 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6472 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6473 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6475 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6477 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6479 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6481 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6483 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6487 =item Known Problems
6491 =item Thread test failures
6493 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6495 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6497 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6499 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6502 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6504 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6506 =item Experimental features
6508 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6509 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6510 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6514 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6516 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6517 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6518 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6519 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6521 =item Reporting Bugs
6529 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6535 =item About the new versioning system
6537 =item Incompatible Changes
6541 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6543 =item Default installation structure has changed
6545 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6547 =item C Source Compatibility
6549 =item Binary Compatibility
6551 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6553 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6567 =item Regular Expressions
6569 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6570 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6571 improvements, Incompatible changes
6573 =item Improved malloc()
6575 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6577 =item Reliable signals
6579 =item Reliable stack pointers
6581 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6585 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6587 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6589 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6591 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6593 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6595 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6597 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6599 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6601 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6603 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6605 =item Better locale support
6607 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6609 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6611 =item Extended support for exception handling
6613 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6615 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6617 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6619 =item New C<lock> keyword
6621 =item New C<qr//> operator
6623 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6625 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6627 =item Tied handles support is better
6629 =item 4th argument to substr
6631 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6633 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6635 =item <> now reads in records
6639 =item Supported Platforms
6645 =item Changes in existing support
6649 =item Modules and Pragmata
6655 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6656 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6657 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6659 =item Changes in existing modules
6661 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6662 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6666 =item Utility Changes
6668 =item Documentation Changes
6670 =item New Diagnostics
6672 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6673 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6674 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6675 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6676 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6677 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6678 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6679 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6680 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6681 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6682 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6683 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6684 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6685 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6686 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6687 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6688 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6690 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6692 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6693 temporary file, regexp too big
6695 =item Configuration Changes
6705 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6711 =item Supported Environments
6717 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6719 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6721 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6723 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6725 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6727 =item More precise warnings
6729 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6731 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6733 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6735 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6737 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6739 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6741 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6743 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6745 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6747 =item Changes to tainting checks
6749 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6750 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6752 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6754 =item Embedding improvements
6756 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6758 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6760 =item New and changed syntax
6764 =item New and changed builtin constants
6768 =item New and changed builtin variables
6772 =item New and changed builtin functions
6774 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6775 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6776 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6777 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6778 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6780 =item New builtin methods
6782 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6784 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6786 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6787 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6789 =item Malloc enhancements
6791 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6793 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6797 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6813 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6814 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6820 =item Required Updates
6822 =item Installation directories
6824 =item Module information summary
6838 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6842 =item Utility Changes
6848 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6852 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6856 =item C Language API Changes
6858 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6861 =item Documentation Changes
6863 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6864 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6866 =item New Diagnostics
6868 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6869 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6870 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6871 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6872 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6873 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6874 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6875 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6876 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6877 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6878 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6879 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6880 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6881 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6882 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6883 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6884 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6885 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6886 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6887 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6888 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6889 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6890 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6891 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6892 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6902 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6910 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6914 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6916 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6918 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6920 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6926 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6936 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6946 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
6960 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
6962 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
6964 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
6966 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
6972 =item Accessing documentation
6976 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
6978 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
6980 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
6982 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
6986 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
6990 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
6992 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
6994 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
6996 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
6998 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7008 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7016 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7018 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7022 =item Contact Information
7024 =item Update 2002-03-02
7030 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7040 =item gzip on BS2000
7042 =item bison on BS2000
7044 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7046 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7048 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7050 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7052 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7054 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7056 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7090 =item Acknowledgements
7096 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7102 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7106 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7108 =item Cygwin Configuration
7110 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7114 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7118 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7120 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7122 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7123 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
7125 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7127 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7128 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7131 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7133 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7137 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7141 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7147 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7151 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7153 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7155 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7159 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7161 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7163 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7164 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7166 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7174 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7186 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7190 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7192 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7194 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7196 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7206 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7214 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7216 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7220 =item Editors on Epoc
7222 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7224 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7226 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7230 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7238 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7247 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7249 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7261 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7263 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7265 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7267 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7269 =item The GNU C Compiler
7271 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7273 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7275 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7277 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7279 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7281 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7283 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7287 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7295 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7303 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7311 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7320 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7322 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7324 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7326 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7336 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7350 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7356 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7362 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7370 =item Binary distribution from HP
7372 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7374 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7376 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7378 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7380 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7382 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7383 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7385 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7389 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7391 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7393 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7395 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7397 =item Perl/iX Change History
7413 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
7425 =item Build new extensions
7429 =item Acknowledgements
7437 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7457 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7459 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7461 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7465 =item Frequently asked questions
7469 =item "It does not work"
7471 =item I cannot run external programs
7473 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7476 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7479 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7481 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7489 =item Automatic binary installation
7491 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7493 =item Manual binary installation
7495 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7496 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7497 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7498 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7499 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7505 =item Accessing documentation
7509 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7517 =item GNU C<info> files
7529 =item The short story
7533 =item Getting perl source
7535 =item Application of the patches
7543 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7546 =item Installing the built perl
7548 =item C<a.out>-style build
7556 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7558 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7560 =item Problems with tr or sed
7562 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7564 =item Library ... not found
7566 =item Segfault in make
7568 =item op/sprintf test failure
7572 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7576 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7580 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7582 =item Additional modules:
7584 =item Prebuilt methods:
7586 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7587 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7588 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7589 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7590 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7591 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7592 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7593 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7594 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7595 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7596 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
7598 =item Prebuilt variables:
7600 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
7606 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7609 =item Identifying DLLs
7611 =item Centralized management of resources
7627 =item F<perl___.exe>
7629 =item Why strange names?
7631 =item Why dynamic linking?
7633 =item Why chimera build?
7641 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7643 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7645 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7647 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7649 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7651 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7661 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7663 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7665 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7668 =item DLL forwarder generation
7672 =item Calls to external programs
7674 =item Memory allocation
7678 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7694 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7707 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7709 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7711 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7713 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7715 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7717 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7719 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7721 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7723 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7725 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7735 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7743 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7751 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7753 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7755 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7757 =item QNX auxiliary files
7761 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7769 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7779 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7781 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7783 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7785 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7789 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7793 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7805 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7813 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7819 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7825 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7827 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7829 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7833 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7837 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7839 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7841 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7845 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7847 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7848 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7849 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7855 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7857 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7861 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
7863 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
7867 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
7871 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
7873 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
7877 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
7879 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
7881 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
7891 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
7892 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
7900 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
7902 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
7904 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
7906 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
7908 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
7910 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
7914 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
7916 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
7922 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
7930 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
7932 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
7938 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
7948 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
7950 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
7952 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
7954 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
7956 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
7966 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
7972 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
7980 =item Organization of Perl Images
7986 =item Perl Extensions
7988 =item Installing static extensions
7990 =item Installing dynamic extensions
7994 =item File specifications
8000 =item Wildcard expansion
8006 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8012 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8014 =item Command line switches
8020 =item Perl functions
8022 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8023 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8024 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8025 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8027 =item Perl variables
8029 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8031 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8045 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8053 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
8055 =item Stratus POSIX Support
8059 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8063 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
8065 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
8069 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8073 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
8075 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8079 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8087 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8089 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8101 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8111 =head2 threadshared::queue, threads::shared::queue - thread-safe queues
8119 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8121 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
8127 =head2 threadshared::semaphore, threads::shared::semaphore - thread-safe
8136 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8138 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
8142 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8143 data structures between threads
8155 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
8156 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8168 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8177 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8178 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();, async
8183 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8187 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
8188 not threadsafe, will not be
8190 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8196 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8206 =item Built-in Attributes
8208 locked, method, lvalue
8210 =item Available Subroutines
8214 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8216 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8218 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8226 =item Default exports
8228 =item Available exports
8230 =item Export tags defined
8240 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8252 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8268 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8282 =head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
8294 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8298 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8318 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8330 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8334 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8354 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
8376 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8377 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8378 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8379 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8380 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
8390 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8404 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8417 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8426 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8428 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8430 =item charnames::vianame(code)
8434 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8440 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8452 =item List constants
8454 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8456 =item Magic constants
8460 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8470 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8481 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8483 =item The I<splain> Program
8497 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
8507 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
8508 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
8516 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
8520 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
8522 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
8524 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
8526 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8532 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8546 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8556 =item subpragma access
8562 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8576 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8587 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8597 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8607 =item Adding directories to @INC
8609 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8611 =item Restoring original @INC
8623 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8634 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
8642 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8644 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8650 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8662 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8672 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8674 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8676 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8678 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8680 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8682 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8684 =item Overloadable Operations
8686 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8687 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8688 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8690 =item Inheritance and overloading
8692 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8693 is inherited by derived classes
8697 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8705 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8707 =item Copy Constructor
8713 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8715 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8716 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8717 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8720 =item Losing overloading
8722 =item Run-time Overloading
8724 =item Public functions
8726 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8728 =item Overloading constants
8730 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8732 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8734 =item Metaphor clash
8740 =item Two-face scalars
8742 =item Two-face references
8744 =item Symbolic calculator
8746 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8754 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8755 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8761 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8771 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8783 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8785 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8789 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8793 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8801 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8813 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8821 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
8825 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
8835 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8844 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8845 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();, async
8850 Cleanup skipped %d active threads
8854 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
8855 not threadsafe, will not be
8857 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8863 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
8864 structures between threads
8876 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
8877 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8889 =head2 threadshared::queue, threads::shared::queue - thread-safe queues
8897 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8899 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
8905 =head2 threadshared::semaphore, threads::shared::semaphore - thread-safe
8914 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8916 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
8920 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
8931 =item Utility functions
8933 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
8934 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
8943 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
8953 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
8961 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
8965 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
8973 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
8974 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
8975 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
8976 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
8977 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
8981 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
8991 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
8993 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9003 =item DBM Comparisons
9013 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9023 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9027 =item Typed lexicals
9029 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9031 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9033 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9035 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9043 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9044 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9045 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9046 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9047 be able to apply END handler>
9057 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9067 =item Subroutine Stubs
9069 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9071 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9073 =item Package Lexicals
9075 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9077 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9087 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9095 $keep, $check, $modtime
9099 =item Multiple packages
9107 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9115 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9119 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9127 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9141 =item B::PVMG METHODS
9145 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
9147 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9149 =item B::PVLV METHODS
9151 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9155 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9159 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9160 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9164 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9165 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9169 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
9173 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
9178 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9180 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9184 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9186 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9190 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9194 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9198 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9202 =item B::PMOP METHODS
9204 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9205 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9207 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9211 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9215 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9219 =item B::LOOP METHODS
9221 redoop, nextop, lastop
9223 =item B::COP METHODS
9225 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
9229 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
9231 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
9232 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
9233 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
9234 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
9235 cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9241 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9250 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9256 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9268 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9288 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9298 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9299 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9300 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9310 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9320 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9321 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9322 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9333 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9343 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9344 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9345 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9357 =item Context of ".."
9361 =item Deprecated features
9369 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9381 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9382 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9383 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9385 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9387 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9388 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9389 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9390 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9391 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9392 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9393 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9394 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9400 =item OP flags abbreviations
9402 =item OP class abbreviations
9406 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9412 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9424 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9434 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9435 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9437 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9447 =item ambient_pragmas
9449 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9461 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9473 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9481 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9483 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9484 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9486 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9496 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9506 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9514 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9526 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9538 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9540 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9552 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9562 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
9570 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9590 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9604 =item Standard Exports
9606 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9607 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9608 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9610 =item Optional Exports
9612 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9613 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9614 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9630 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9634 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9648 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9658 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9659 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9660 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9670 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9682 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9684 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9686 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9688 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9690 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9692 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9694 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9696 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9698 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9700 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9702 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9704 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9706 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9708 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9710 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9712 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9714 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9716 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9717 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9721 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9722 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9725 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9727 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9728 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9733 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9737 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9739 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9741 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9743 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9745 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9747 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9749 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9751 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9752 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9754 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9758 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9762 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9764 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9766 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9768 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9770 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9772 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9773 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9775 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9779 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9783 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9785 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9787 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9789 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9793 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9795 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9797 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9801 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9803 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9807 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9811 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9815 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9819 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
9823 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
9825 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
9827 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
9831 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
9835 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
9841 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
9842 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
9844 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
9846 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
9847 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
9850 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
9856 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
9860 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
9862 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
9863 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
9864 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
9865 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
9866 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
9868 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
9870 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
9875 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
9877 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
9879 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
9880 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
9882 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
9884 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9888 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
9889 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
9890 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
9891 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
9892 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
9893 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
9894 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
9895 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
9896 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
9897 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
9898 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
9899 ...and many many more..
9901 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
9909 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
9919 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9927 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
9936 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
9938 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
9942 =item Changing the default message
9946 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
9956 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
9964 =item USING CGI::Cookie
9966 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
9970 =item Creating New Cookies
9972 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
9974 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
9976 =item Manipulating Cookies
9978 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
9982 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9990 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
9998 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10000 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10002 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10004 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10006 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10008 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10012 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10020 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10030 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10032 =item Customizing the Indenting
10044 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10052 =item USING CGI::Push
10054 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10058 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10060 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10064 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10066 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10074 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10084 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10092 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10100 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10106 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10116 =item Interactive Mode
10118 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10119 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10120 distribution, ls author, Signals
10128 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10130 =item Programmer's interface
10132 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10134 =item Methods in the other Classes
10136 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10137 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10138 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10139 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10140 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10141 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10142 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10143 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10144 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10145 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10146 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10147 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10148 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10149 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10150 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10151 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10152 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10153 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10154 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10155 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10156 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10157 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10158 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10159 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10160 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10161 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10163 =item Cache Manager
10167 =item Prerequisites
10169 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10173 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10177 =item CONFIGURATION
10179 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10180 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10181 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10182 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10186 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10188 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10196 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10198 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10202 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10204 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10206 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10212 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10224 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10234 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10247 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10257 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10265 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10267 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10277 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10278 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10279 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10281 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10289 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10299 =item The C<struct()> function
10301 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10303 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10305 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10306 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10308 =item Initializing with C<new>
10314 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10316 =item Author and Modification History
10320 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10328 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10340 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10344 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10345 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10346 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10347 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10351 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10355 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10356 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10357 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10358 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10359 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10360 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10361 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10365 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10366 C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
10367 C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
10368 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
10369 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
10370 C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
10371 C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
10372 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
10373 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
10374 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
10375 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
10376 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
10377 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
10378 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
10379 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
10380 C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>,
10381 C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
10382 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
10383 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
10384 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>,
10385 C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
10386 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>,
10387 C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>,
10388 C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
10389 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>,
10390 C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
10391 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
10392 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>,
10393 C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>,
10394 C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>,
10395 C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
10396 C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>,
10397 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>,
10398 C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
10399 C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>,
10400 C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
10401 C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
10402 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
10403 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
10404 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
10405 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
10406 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
10407 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
10408 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
10409 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
10410 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
10411 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
10412 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
10413 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
10414 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
10415 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
10416 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
10417 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
10418 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
10419 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
10420 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
10421 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
10422 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
10423 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
10424 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
10425 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
10426 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
10427 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
10428 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
10429 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
10430 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
10431 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
10432 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
10433 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>,
10434 C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
10435 C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10436 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10437 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10438 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10439 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10440 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
10441 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
10442 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
10443 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
10444 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
10445 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
10446 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
10447 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
10448 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
10449 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
10450 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
10451 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
10452 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10453 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10454 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
10458 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
10459 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
10460 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
10461 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10465 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10466 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10471 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
10472 C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
10473 C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
10474 C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
10475 C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
10476 C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
10477 C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
10478 C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
10479 C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
10483 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10487 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10488 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
10489 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
10490 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10491 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10492 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10493 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10494 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10495 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10496 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10497 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10498 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10499 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10500 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10501 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10502 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10503 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10504 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10505 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10506 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10507 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10508 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10509 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10510 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10514 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10518 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10519 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10520 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10521 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10522 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
10523 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
10528 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10529 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10530 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10534 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10535 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10539 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10540 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10541 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
10542 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
10543 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10547 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10548 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10552 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10553 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10557 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10558 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10559 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10560 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10564 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10568 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
10569 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
10570 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10574 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10575 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
10576 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
10577 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
10578 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
10579 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
10580 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
10581 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10582 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10583 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10584 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10585 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10586 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
10587 C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
10588 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
10589 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
10590 C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10594 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10595 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
10600 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10601 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10602 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10603 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10604 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10605 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10606 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10607 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10608 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10612 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10613 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10614 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10615 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10619 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10623 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10635 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10645 =item getcwd and friends
10647 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10649 =item abs_path and friends
10651 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10663 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10675 =item Global Variables
10677 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10678 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10683 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10684 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10686 =item Client Callback Methods
10688 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10689 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10690 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10700 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10708 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10712 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10714 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10716 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10718 =item Default Parameters
10720 =item In Memory Databases
10728 =item A Simple Example
10736 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10738 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10740 =item The get_dup() Method
10742 =item The find_dup() Method
10744 =item The del_dup() Method
10746 =item Matching Partial Keys
10754 =item The 'bval' Option
10756 =item A Simple Example
10758 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10760 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10761 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10762 length, elements);>
10764 =item Another Example
10768 =item THE API INTERFACE
10770 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10771 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10772 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10773 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10777 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10778 B<filter_fetch_value>
10784 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10786 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10790 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10794 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10796 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10798 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10800 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10802 =item The untie() Gotcha
10806 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10810 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10812 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
10814 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
10816 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
10836 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
10837 printing and C<eval>
10849 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
10850 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
10851 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
10858 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
10860 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10861 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10862 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10863 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10864 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10865 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10866 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10867 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10868 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10869 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10870 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10871 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10872 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10873 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10874 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
10894 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
10902 =item PROFILE FORMAT
10914 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
10936 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
10946 =item Runtime debugging
10948 =item Memory footprint debugging
10956 =item A simple scalar string
10958 =item A simple scalar number
10960 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
10962 =item A reference to a simple scalar
10964 =item A reference to an array
10966 =item A reference to a hash
10968 =item Dumping a large array or hash
10970 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
10972 =item A reference to a subroutine
10986 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
10996 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11004 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11008 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11009 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
11010 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11018 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11028 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11032 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
11033 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11045 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11057 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11069 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11070 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11071 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11076 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11077 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11083 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11091 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11092 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11093 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11094 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11101 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11114 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11122 =item Table of Contents
11134 =item PERL ENCODING API
11136 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11137 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11138 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11143 =item Listing available encodings
11145 =item Defining Aliases
11149 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11151 =item Handling Malformed Data
11153 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11154 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11155 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11156 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11161 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11165 =item Defining Encodings
11167 =item The UTF-8 flag
11169 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11173 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11175 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11185 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11193 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11198 =item Alias overloading
11206 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11220 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11222 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11238 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11240 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11242 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11256 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11266 =item Methods you should implement
11268 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11270 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11272 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11274 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11278 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11282 =item Compiled Encodings
11288 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11292 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11302 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11303 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11304 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11314 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
11324 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
11332 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11334 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
11336 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
11350 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
11352 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
11368 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
11374 =item How does it work?
11382 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11390 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
11398 =item Encoding Names
11402 =item Supported Encodings
11406 =item Built-in Encodings
11408 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11410 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11412 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11413 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11415 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11417 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11418 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11419 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11421 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11423 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11427 =item Unsupported encodings
11429 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11430 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11431 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11432 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11434 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11436 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11440 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11442 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11448 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11449 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11456 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11457 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11461 =item Other Notable Sites
11463 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11464 "Introduction to i18n"
11466 =item Offline sources
11468 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11474 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
11488 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
11504 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
11512 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
11514 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
11520 =item by endianness
11522 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
11526 =item Surrogate Pairs
11532 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
11541 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11546 =item Alias overloading
11554 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
11555 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11557 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
11560 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
11563 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
11564 Implementation Base Class
11574 =item Methods you should implement
11576 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11578 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11580 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11582 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11586 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11590 =item Compiled Encodings
11596 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11600 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
11611 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11612 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11613 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11623 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
11624 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11626 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
11629 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
11632 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
11633 and 'Q' header encoding
11649 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
11650 on Encode and PerlIO
11656 =item How does it work?
11664 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11672 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
11673 supported by Encode
11681 =item Encoding Names
11685 =item Supported Encodings
11689 =item Built-in Encodings
11691 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11693 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11695 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11696 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11698 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11700 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11701 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11702 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11704 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11706 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11710 =item Unsupported encodings
11712 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11713 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11714 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11715 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11717 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11719 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11723 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11725 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11731 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11732 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11739 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11740 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11744 =item Other Notable Sites
11746 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11747 "Introduction to i18n"
11749 =item Offline sources
11751 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11757 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11763 use Encode::Encoder;
11764 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11765 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11767 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11768 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11769 # you can stack them!
11770 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11771 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11772 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11774 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11776 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11784 =item Predefined Methods
11786 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11787 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11788 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11790 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11792 =item Operator Overloading
11800 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
11801 non-ascii or non-utf8
11811 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
11812 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
11820 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
11824 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
11826 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
11828 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
11830 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
11836 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11842 use Encode::Encoder;
11843 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11844 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11846 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11847 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11848 # you can stack them!
11849 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11850 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11851 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11853 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11855 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11863 =item Predefined Methods
11865 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11866 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11867 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11869 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11871 =item Operator Overloading
11879 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
11892 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
11907 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
11923 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
11933 =item How to Export
11935 =item Selecting What To Export
11937 =item How to Import
11939 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
11943 =item Advanced features
11947 =item Specialised Import Lists
11949 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
11951 =item Module Version Checking
11953 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
11955 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
11957 =item Generating combined tags
11959 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
11965 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
11975 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
11996 mv source... destination
11998 cp source... destination
12016 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12028 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12038 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12046 perl_stringify NAME
12050 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12052 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12056 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12064 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12067 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12069 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12071 WriteMakefileSnippet
12073 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12074 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12082 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12094 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12095 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12105 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12115 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12127 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12128 packlist(), version()
12136 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12144 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12145 dynamic extensions at load time
12151 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12161 =item VMS implementation
12163 =item Win32 implementation
12171 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12181 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12189 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12193 =item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED>
12207 file_name_is_absolute
12217 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12231 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12232 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12244 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12245 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12253 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
12257 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12267 =item Overridden methods
12269 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12283 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12284 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12326 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12327 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12343 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12344 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12358 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12368 =item Overridden methods
12370 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12384 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12398 =item SelfLoaded methods
12450 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
12498 maybe_command_in_dirs
12522 post_initialize (o)
12536 replace_manpage_separator
12550 test_via_harness (override)
12552 test_via_script (override)
12582 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12583 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12593 =item Methods always loaded
12605 guess_name (override)
12609 find_perl (override)
12611 maybe_command (override)
12613 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
12615 perl_script (override)
12617 replace_manpage_separator
12619 init_main (override)
12621 init_others (override)
12623 constants (override)
12627 const_cccmd (override)
12629 pm_to_blib (override)
12631 tool_autosplit (override)
12633 tool_sxubpp (override)
12635 xsubpp_version (override)
12637 tools_other (override)
12647 top_targets (override)
12651 dynamic_lib (override)
12653 dynamic_bs (override)
12655 static_lib (override)
12657 manifypods (override)
12659 processPL (override)
12661 installbin (override)
12663 subdir_x (override)
12667 realclean (override)
12669 dist_core (override)
12671 dist_test (override)
12675 perldepend (override)
12677 makefile (override)
12679 find_tests (override)
12683 makeaperl (override)
12685 nicetext (override)
12687 prefixify (override)
12689 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12690 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12712 tool_autosplit (override)
12728 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
12738 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
12748 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
12758 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
12760 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
12768 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
12772 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
12774 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
12776 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
12778 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
12780 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
12781 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
12782 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST,
12783 FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
12784 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
12785 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR,
12786 INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
12787 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
12788 INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A,
12789 LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
12790 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE,
12791 PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK,
12792 PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS,
12793 PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX,
12794 PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP,
12795 TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
12796 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
12798 =item Additional lowercase attributes
12800 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
12803 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
12805 =item Hintsfile support
12807 =item Distribution Support
12809 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
12810 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
12811 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
12813 =item Disabling an extension
12819 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
12827 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
12835 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
12839 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
12843 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
12844 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
12848 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
12856 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
12868 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
12878 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
12887 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
12895 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
12907 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
12915 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
12925 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
12937 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
12947 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
12951 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
12959 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
12963 C<basename>, C<dirname>
12967 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
12981 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
12995 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
13005 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
13007 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
13019 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
13029 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
13041 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
13049 B<find>, B<finddepth>
13055 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
13056 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
13057 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
13059 =item The wanted function
13061 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
13062 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
13063 pathname to the file
13071 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
13079 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
13087 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
13088 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
13089 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
13093 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
13101 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
13113 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
13123 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
13124 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
13125 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
13133 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
13143 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
13161 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
13179 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
13207 file_name_is_absolute
13237 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
13247 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
13280 file_name_is_absolute
13302 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
13318 =item Methods always loaded
13320 canonpath (override)
13338 case_tolerant (override)
13342 file_name_is_absolute (override)
13344 splitpath (override)
13346 splitdir (override)
13360 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
13390 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
13414 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
13428 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
13438 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
13446 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
13454 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
13456 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
13468 =item Temporary files and NFS
13480 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
13494 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
13502 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
13510 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
13518 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
13524 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
13538 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
13540 =item All-in-one interface
13542 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
13544 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
13547 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
13549 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
13550 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
13551 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
13553 described in the previous section.
13555 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
13557 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
13569 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
13579 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
13583 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
13585 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
13593 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
13595 =item Example 2: Using the context
13597 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
13599 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
13603 =item Filter::Simple
13611 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
13619 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
13631 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
13647 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
13655 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
13657 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
13661 =item Simple options
13663 =item A little bit less simple options
13665 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
13667 =item Options with values
13669 =item Options with multiple values
13671 =item Options with hash values
13673 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
13675 =item Options with multiple names
13677 =item Case and abbreviations
13679 =item Summary of Option Specifications
13681 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
13686 =item Advanced Possibilities
13690 =item Object oriented interface
13692 =item Documentation and help texts
13694 =item Storing options in a hash
13698 =item The lonesome dash
13700 =item Argument callback
13704 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
13706 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
13707 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
13708 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
13709 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
13710 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
13712 =item Return values and Errors
13718 =item Default destinations
13720 =item Alternative option starters
13722 =item Configuration variables
13726 =item Trouble Shooting
13730 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
13732 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
13735 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
13737 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
13743 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13747 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
13758 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
13768 =item Restricted hashes
13770 lock_keys, unlock_keys
13776 lock_value, unlock_value
13778 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
13788 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
13799 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
13810 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
13812 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
13814 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
13816 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
13818 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
13820 the function super_languages($lang1)
13822 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
13824 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
13826 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
13828 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
13832 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
13834 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
13844 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
13852 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
13854 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
13856 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
13857 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
13858 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
13859 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
13860 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
13861 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
13862 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
13863 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
13864 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
13865 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
13866 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
13867 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
13868 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
13869 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
13870 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
13871 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
13872 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
13873 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
13874 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
13875 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
13876 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
13877 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
13878 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
13879 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
13880 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
13881 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
13882 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
13883 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
13884 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
13885 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
13886 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
13887 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
13888 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
13889 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
13890 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
13891 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
13892 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
13893 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
13894 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
13895 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
13896 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
13897 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
13898 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
13899 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
13900 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
13901 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
13902 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
13903 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
13904 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
13905 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
13906 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
13907 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
13908 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
13909 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
13910 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
13911 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
13912 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
13913 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
13914 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
13915 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
13916 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
13917 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
13918 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
13919 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
13920 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
13921 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
13922 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
13923 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
13924 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
13925 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
13926 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
13927 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
13928 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
13929 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
13930 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
13931 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
13932 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
13933 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
13934 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
13935 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
13936 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
13937 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
13938 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
13939 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
13940 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
13941 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
13942 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
13943 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
13944 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
13945 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
13946 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
13947 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
13948 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
13949 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
13950 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
13951 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
13952 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
13953 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
13954 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
13955 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
13956 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
13957 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
13958 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
13959 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
13960 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
13961 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
13962 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
13963 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
13964 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
13965 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
13966 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
13967 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
13968 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
13969 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
13970 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
13971 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
13972 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
13973 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
13974 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
13978 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13984 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
14002 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14006 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
14016 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
14024 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14025 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14035 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14045 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14049 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14057 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
14067 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14071 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14072 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14073 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14074 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14086 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14096 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14100 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14110 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14120 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14121 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14131 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
14139 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14140 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14149 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
14159 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14163 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14164 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14165 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14175 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
14189 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14190 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14200 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
14216 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14229 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
14243 hostpath(), peerpath()
14253 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
14262 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14263 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14273 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14283 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14287 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14295 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
14306 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14310 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14311 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14312 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14313 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14325 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14335 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14339 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14349 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14359 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14360 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14370 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
14379 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14380 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14389 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
14400 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14404 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14405 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14406 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14416 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
14431 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14432 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14442 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
14443 AF_INET domain sockets
14459 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14472 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
14473 AF_UNIX domain sockets
14487 hostpath(), peerpath()
14497 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14507 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14508 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14519 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
14533 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
14546 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
14556 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14557 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14558 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14569 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
14587 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14597 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14598 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14609 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
14620 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14621 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14622 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14633 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
14641 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14642 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14646 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14652 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
14653 general-utility list subroutines
14661 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14662 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14666 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14672 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
14673 general-utility scalar subroutines
14681 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
14682 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14692 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
14700 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14704 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
14712 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
14720 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14722 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14724 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14725 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14727 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14729 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
14731 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
14737 =item rename_country
14745 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14749 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
14750 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
14751 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
14752 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
14760 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
14761 identification (ISO 4217)
14771 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14773 code2currency(), currency2code()
14775 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14777 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
14781 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14785 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
14786 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
14794 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
14803 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14805 code2language(), language2code()
14807 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14809 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
14813 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14817 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
14818 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
14826 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
14834 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14840 =item Construction Methods
14842 =item The "maketext" Method
14844 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
14846 =item Utility Methods
14848 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
14849 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
14850 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
14851 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
14853 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
14857 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
14859 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
14861 =item BRACKET NOTATION
14863 =item AUTO LEXICONS
14865 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
14867 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
14871 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14877 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
14885 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
14889 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
14891 =item The Linguistic View
14893 =item Breaking gettext
14895 =item Replacing gettext
14897 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
14899 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
14901 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
14903 =item Buzzword: Concision
14905 =item The Devil in the Details
14907 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
14915 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
14923 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14927 =item SPECIAL CODES
14931 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14933 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14934 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14936 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14938 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
14942 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14946 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
14947 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
14955 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
14963 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
14967 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
14975 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
14976 of quoted-printable strings
14984 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
14990 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
14999 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15005 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
15015 =item Canonical notation
15019 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
15021 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
15025 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
15026 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
15034 =item Autocreating constants
15040 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
15048 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
15056 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
15064 Canonical notation, Input, Output
15086 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
15088 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
15090 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
15091 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
15093 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
15175 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
15185 =item Rounding mode R
15187 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
15188 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
15189 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
15202 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
15210 =item Autocreating constants
15216 =item Alternative math libraries
15222 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
15230 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
15236 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
15240 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
15241 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
15242 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
15252 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
15262 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
15266 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
15268 the same terms as Perl itself.
15276 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
15300 $d = $x->denominator();
15316 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
15329 =item STRINGIFICATION
15333 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
15339 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
15341 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
15349 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
15357 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
15363 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
15365 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
15369 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15371 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
15375 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
15377 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15379 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
15380 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
15384 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
15390 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
15400 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
15418 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
15420 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
15424 =item OTHER FACILITIES
15430 =item C<flush_cache>
15436 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
15438 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
15446 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15452 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
15461 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
15472 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
15484 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15492 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15500 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
15509 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
15518 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
15526 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
15534 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15540 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15544 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15548 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
15558 =item Enforcing redispatch
15560 =item Avoiding repetitions
15566 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15572 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
15582 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
15585 =item CLASS METHODS
15587 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
15588 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
15589 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
15599 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
15609 requires_firewall HOST
15611 =item NetConfig VALUES
15613 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
15614 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
15615 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
15619 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
15628 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
15636 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
15648 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
15652 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
15653 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
15654 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
15655 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
15656 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
15657 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
15658 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
15659 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
15660 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
15661 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
15662 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
15663 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
15664 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
15668 =item Methods for the adventurous
15674 =item THE dataconn CLASS
15676 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
15677 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
15679 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
15681 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
15683 =item REPORTING BUGS
15691 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
15699 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
15709 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
15713 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
15714 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
15715 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
15716 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
15717 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
15718 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
15719 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
15723 =item Extension methods
15725 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
15726 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
15727 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
15728 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
15737 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
15747 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
15759 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
15763 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
15764 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
15765 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
15766 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
15778 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
15790 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 }
15791 );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);,
15792 $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
15806 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
15818 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
15822 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
15823 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
15824 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
15825 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
15826 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
15827 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
15838 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
15846 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
15847 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
15855 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
15872 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
15880 =item Where to get this document
15882 =item How to contribute to this document
15886 =item Author and Copyright Information
15894 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
15898 =item What is libnet ?
15900 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
15902 =item What other modules do I need ?
15904 =item What machines support libnet ?
15906 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
15910 =item Using Net::FTP
15914 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
15916 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
15918 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
15920 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
15923 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
15925 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
15927 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
15929 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
15931 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
15933 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
15936 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
15938 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
15941 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
15944 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
15948 =item Using Net::SMTP
15952 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
15955 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
15957 =item The verify method always returns true ?
15961 =item Debugging scripts
15965 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
15969 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
15973 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
15990 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
16005 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
16022 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
16030 =item THE .netrc FILE
16032 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
16037 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
16041 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
16051 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
16061 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16069 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
16077 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16083 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16087 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16091 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
16103 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
16105 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
16106 or optag, an operator set (opset)
16108 =item Opcode Functions
16110 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
16111 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
16112 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
16115 =item Manipulating Opsets
16117 =item TO DO (maybe)
16123 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
16125 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
16126 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
16127 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
16136 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
16145 a new namespace, an operator mask
16151 =item RECENT CHANGES
16153 =item Methods in class Safe
16155 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16156 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16157 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16158 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16160 =item Some Safety Issues
16162 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16170 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
16183 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
16197 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
16198 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
16199 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
16200 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
16201 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
16202 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
16203 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
16204 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
16205 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
16206 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
16207 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
16208 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
16209 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
16210 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
16211 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
16212 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
16213 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
16214 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
16215 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
16216 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
16217 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
16218 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
16219 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
16220 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
16221 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
16228 =item POSIX::SigAction
16232 =item POSIX::SigSet
16234 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
16236 =item POSIX::Termios
16238 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
16239 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
16240 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
16241 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
16242 values, c_oflag field values
16246 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
16250 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
16254 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
16308 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
16309 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
16313 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
16322 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw
16326 =item Defaults and how to override them
16336 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
16346 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
16354 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
16355 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
16356 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
16357 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
16358 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
16359 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
16360 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
16364 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
16370 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
16382 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
16388 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
16394 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
16406 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
16407 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
16408 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
16409 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
16410 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
16411 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
16412 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
16413 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
16418 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
16419 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
16420 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
16421 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
16422 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
16423 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
16427 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
16428 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
16440 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
16442 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
16445 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
16447 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
16449 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
16451 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
16453 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
16461 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
16473 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
16475 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
16482 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
16488 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
16490 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
16497 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
16509 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
16519 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
16520 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
16535 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
16548 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
16549 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
16555 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
16579 =item B<was_cutting()>
16585 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
16591 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
16597 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16603 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
16609 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16615 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
16621 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
16627 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16633 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16639 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
16645 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
16651 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16657 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16663 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
16669 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
16675 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16681 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
16687 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
16693 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16699 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16705 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
16711 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
16717 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
16723 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
16729 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
16735 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16741 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
16747 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16753 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
16765 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
16777 =item OBJECT METHODS
16785 =item Data Accessors
16801 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
16803 B<StartWithNewPage>
16817 =item Subclassed methods
16831 B<interior_sequence>
16847 =item Methods for headings
16855 =item Internal methods
16861 B<_replace_special_chars>
16863 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
16869 B<_clean_latex_commands>
16871 B<_split_delimited>
16887 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
16895 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
16900 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
16901 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
16902 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
16913 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16917 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
16927 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16931 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
16945 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
16953 $list-E<gt>indent()
16961 $list-E<gt>parent()
16967 =item Pod::Hyperlink
16969 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
16973 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
16975 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
16979 $link-E<gt>warning()
16981 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
16987 $link-E<gt>alttext()
16997 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
17003 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
17007 =item Pod::Cache::Item
17009 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
17013 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
17015 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
17017 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
17019 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
17021 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
17023 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
17025 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
17035 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
17047 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
17049 =item PARSING OPTIONS
17051 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
17052 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
17058 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17066 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17072 =item B<verbatim()>
17074 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17080 =item B<textblock()>
17082 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17088 =item B<interior_sequence()>
17094 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17106 =item B<initialize()>
17112 =item B<begin_pod()>
17118 =item B<begin_input()>
17124 =item B<end_input()>
17136 =item B<preprocess_line()>
17142 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
17148 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
17154 =item B<parse_text()>
17156 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
17157 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
17158 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
17164 =item B<interpolate()>
17170 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
17176 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
17182 =item B<parse_from_file()>
17188 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
17194 =item B<errorsub()>
17206 =item B<parseopts()>
17212 =item B<output_file()>
17218 =item B<output_handle()>
17224 =item B<input_file()>
17230 =item B<input_handle()>
17236 =item B<input_streams()>
17242 =item B<top_stream()>
17248 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17254 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
17260 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
17266 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
17274 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
17294 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
17307 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
17309 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
17315 =item OBJECT METHODS
17321 =item B<curr_headings()>
17333 =item B<add_selection()>
17339 =item B<clear_selections()>
17345 =item B<match_section()>
17351 =item B<is_selected()>
17357 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
17363 =item B<podselect()>
17365 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
17371 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17377 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
17383 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
17389 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
17401 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
17409 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
17413 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
17414 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
17415 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
17426 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17430 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
17444 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17448 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
17463 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17467 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
17468 text with format escapes
17482 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17486 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
17495 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
17504 =item Recommended Use
17512 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17516 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
17523 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17527 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
17531 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17535 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
17541 =item OVER AND ITEMS
17543 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
17546 =item FORMATTING CODES
17548 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
17556 =head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
17564 =head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
17572 =item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF
17578 foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2
17585 =item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
17587 =item TESTING URLs hyperlinking
17593 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
17601 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17607 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17611 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17615 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
17623 a new namespace, an operator mask
17629 =item RECENT CHANGES
17631 =item Methods in class Safe
17633 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17634 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17635 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17636 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17638 =item Some Safety Issues
17640 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17648 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
17656 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
17657 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
17667 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
17677 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
17687 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
17697 =item The __DATA__ token
17699 =item SelfLoader autoloading
17701 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
17703 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
17705 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
17707 =item Classes and inherited methods.
17711 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
17715 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
17725 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
17733 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
17734 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
17742 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
17743 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
17744 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
17745 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
17746 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
17750 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
17760 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
17764 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
17766 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
17768 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
17770 =item ERROR REPORTING
17778 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
17783 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
17784 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
17792 =item Storable magic
17808 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
17822 =item Allowing fall-through
17824 =item Automating fall-through
17826 =item Alternative syntax
17828 =item Higher-order Operations
17844 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
17854 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
17866 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
17867 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
17875 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
17876 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
17877 in 5.004_02), closelog
17887 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
17888 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
17896 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
17897 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
17898 in 5.004_02), closelog
17908 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
17918 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
17919 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
17920 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
17924 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
17938 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
17954 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
17956 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
17958 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
17960 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
17968 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17976 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
17984 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
17994 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
17995 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
18003 =item Minimal set of supported functions
18005 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
18006 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
18008 =item Additional supported functions
18010 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
18020 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
18046 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
18050 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18060 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
18080 =item Setting up tests
18096 =item Running tests
18102 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
18104 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
18130 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
18142 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
18146 =item Test Status and Info
18154 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
18176 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
18186 =item The test script output
18188 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
18189 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
18194 =item Configuration variables.
18196 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
18200 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
18227 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
18228 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
18229 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
18230 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
18234 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
18235 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
18236 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
18250 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
18276 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
18286 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
18324 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
18340 B<_reset_file_state>
18360 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
18370 =item I love it when a plan comes together
18380 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
18420 =item Conditional tests
18426 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
18430 =item Comparison functions
18444 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
18454 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18456 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
18469 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
18493 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
18502 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
18510 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
18512 =item Where to start?
18516 =item Test the manual
18518 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
18520 =item Testing lots of values
18522 =item Informative names
18524 =item Skipping tests
18528 =item Testing with taint mode.
18540 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
18552 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
18562 =item General behaviour in list contexts
18566 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
18568 =item A note about prefixes
18570 =item C<extract_delimited>
18572 =item C<extract_bracketed>
18574 =item C<extract_tagged>
18576 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
18577 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
18579 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
18581 =item C<extract_quotelike>
18583 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
18585 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
18587 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
18589 =item C<extract_codeblock>
18591 =item C<extract_multiple>
18593 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
18599 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
18600 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
18601 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
18602 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
18603 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
18604 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
18605 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
18606 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
18607 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
18608 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
18609 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
18610 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
18615 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
18621 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
18636 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
18653 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
18668 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
18684 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl
18696 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
18697 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
18698 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
18702 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
18710 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
18718 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18720 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
18726 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
18734 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18736 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
18740 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
18752 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
18762 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
18770 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
18771 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
18772 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
18773 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
18781 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
18801 =item Option Format
18805 =item Public Methods
18813 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
18817 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
18819 =item Deferred Writing
18823 =item Autodeferring
18831 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
18845 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
18854 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
18855 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
18856 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
18857 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
18859 =item MORE INFORMATION
18861 =item COMPATIBILITY
18865 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
18874 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
18875 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
18877 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
18879 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
18881 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
18883 =item MORE INFORMATION
18887 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
18895 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
18905 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
18923 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
18932 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
18934 =item MORE INFORMATION
18938 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
18950 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
18959 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
18960 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
18961 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
18962 getitimer ( $which )
18978 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
18986 =item IMPLEMENTATION
18992 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
19007 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
19022 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
19034 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
19042 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
19043 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
19047 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
19057 =item Constructor and Tailoring
19059 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
19060 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
19061 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
19063 =item Methods for Collation
19065 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
19066 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
19067 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
19068 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
19069 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
19070 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
19071 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
19072 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
19073 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
19075 =item Other Methods
19077 UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
19093 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/,
19094 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
19095 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19096 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L<Unicode::Normalize>
19100 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
19110 =item Normalization Forms
19112 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
19113 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
19114 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
19116 =item Decomposition and Composition
19118 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
19119 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
19120 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
19124 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
19125 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
19126 check($form_name, $string)>
19128 =item Character Data
19130 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
19131 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
19132 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
19133 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
19134 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
19135 C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
19136 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
19146 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19147 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
19151 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
19193 =item Blocks versus Scripts
19195 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
19197 =item Code Point Arguments
19223 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
19229 =item Implementation Note
19241 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
19256 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
19267 =item System Specifics
19281 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
19289 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
19291 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
19292 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
19293 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
19294 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
19295 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
19296 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
19297 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
19298 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
19299 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
19300 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
19301 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
19302 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
19303 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
19304 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
19305 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
19306 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
19307 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
19313 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
19331 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
19343 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
19345 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
19346 don't all have manual pages yet:
19372 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles