4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
365 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
366 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
367 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
368 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
369 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
370 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
371 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
372 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
373 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
374 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
375 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
376 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
377 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
378 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
379 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
380 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
381 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
382 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
383 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
384 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
385 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
386 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
387 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
388 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
389 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
390 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
391 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
392 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
393 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
394 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
395 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
396 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
397 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
398 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
399 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
400 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
401 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
402 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
403 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
409 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
415 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
423 =item Making References
425 =item Using References
443 =item Distribution Conditions
449 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
455 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
456 more elaborate constructs
460 =item COMMON MISTAKES
462 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
464 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
470 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
474 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
476 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
478 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
482 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
486 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
488 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
490 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
494 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
498 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
500 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
502 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
506 =item HASHES OF HASHES
510 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
512 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
514 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
518 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
522 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
524 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
526 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
538 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
548 =item Simple word matching
550 =item Using character classes
552 =item Matching this or that
554 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
556 =item Extracting matches
558 =item Matching repetitions
562 =item Search and replace
564 =item The split operator
572 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
576 =item Acknowledgments
582 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
590 =item Verbatim Paragraph
592 =item Command Paragraph
594 =item Ordinary Block of Text
598 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
600 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
610 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
618 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
636 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
638 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
639 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
640 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
641 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
643 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
645 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
646 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
647 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
651 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
653 =item Numerical Traps
655 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
657 =item General data type traps
659 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
660 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
662 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
664 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
666 =item Precedence Traps
668 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
671 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
673 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
674 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
677 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
679 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
685 =item Interpolation Traps
687 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
694 =item Unclassified Traps
696 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
703 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
713 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
715 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
717 =item Location of Perl
719 =item Command Switches
721 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
722 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
723 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
724 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
725 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
726 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
733 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
734 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
735 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
739 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
747 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
755 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
757 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
759 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
763 =item Backward Compatibility
765 =item Category Hierarchy
769 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
781 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
789 =item Looking at data and -w and w
793 =item Stepping through code
795 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
797 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
815 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
821 =item The Perl Debugger
825 =item Debugger Commands
827 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
828 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
829 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
830 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
831 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
832 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
833 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
834 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
835 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
837 =item Configurable Options
839 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
840 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
841 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
842 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
843 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
844 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
846 =item Debugger input/output
848 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
851 =item Debugging compile-time statements
853 =item Debugger Customization
855 =item Readline Support
857 =item Editor Support for Debugging
859 =item The Perl Profiler
863 =item Debugging regular expressions
865 =item Debugging memory usage
873 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
881 =item Predefined Names
883 $ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
884 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
885 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
886 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
887 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
888 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
890 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
891 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
892 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
894 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
895 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
896 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
897 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
898 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
899 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
900 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
901 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
902 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
903 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
904 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
905 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
906 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
907 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
908 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
909 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
910 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
911 %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
913 =item Error Indicators
915 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
923 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
931 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
933 =item Growing Your Own
935 =item Access and Printing
947 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
953 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
963 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
969 =item Open E<agrave> la C
973 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
977 =item Obscure Open Tricks
981 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
983 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
987 =item Single Argument Open
989 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
993 =item Other I/O Issues
997 =item Opening Non-File Files
1007 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1013 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1019 =item Part 1: The basics
1023 =item Simple word matching
1025 =item Using character classes
1027 =item Matching this or that
1029 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1031 =item Extracting matches
1033 =item Matching repetitions
1035 =item Building a regexp
1037 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1041 =item Part 2: Power tools
1045 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1047 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1049 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1051 =item Non-capturing groupings
1053 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1055 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1057 =item Conditional expressions
1059 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1061 =item Pragmas and debugging
1069 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1073 =item Acknowledgments
1079 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1089 =item Regular Expressions
1091 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1093 =item Extended Patterns
1095 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1096 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1097 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1098 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1102 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1104 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1106 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1108 =item Combining pieces together
1110 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1111 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1112 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1113 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1115 =item Creating custom RE engines
1125 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1135 =item Making References
1137 =item Using References
1139 =item Symbolic references
1141 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1143 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1145 =item Function Templates
1155 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1163 =item Format Variables
1173 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1181 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1189 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1191 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1193 =item Invoking a barnyard
1195 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1197 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1199 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1201 =item A few notes about @ISA
1203 =item Overriding the methods
1205 =item Starting the search from a different place
1207 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1209 =item Where we're at so far...
1211 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1213 =item Invoking an instance method
1215 =item Accessing the instance data
1217 =item How to build a horse
1219 =item Inheriting the constructor
1221 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1223 =item Adding parameters to a method
1225 =item More interesting instances
1227 =item A horse of a different color
1239 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1245 =item Creating a Class
1249 =item Object Representation
1251 =item Class Interface
1253 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1255 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1259 =item Other Object Methods
1267 =item Accessing Class Data
1269 =item Debugging Methods
1271 =item Class Destructors
1273 =item Documenting the Interface
1283 =item Overridden Methods
1285 =item Multiple Inheritance
1287 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1291 =item Alternate Object Representations
1295 =item Arrays as Objects
1297 =item Closures as Objects
1301 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1305 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1307 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1311 =item Metaclassical Tools
1317 =item Data Members as Variables
1325 =item Object Terminology
1331 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1337 =item Acknowledgments
1343 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1349 =item Class Data in a Can
1351 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1355 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1357 =item Inheritance Concerns
1359 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1361 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1363 =item Monadic Classes
1365 =item Translucent Attributes
1369 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1373 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1375 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1377 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1379 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1381 =item Translucency Revisited
1389 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1391 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1397 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1405 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1407 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1409 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1411 =item Method Invocation
1413 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1415 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1417 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1423 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1431 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1437 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1439 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1441 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1443 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1445 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1447 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1449 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1451 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1453 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1455 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1461 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1473 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1478 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1479 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1480 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1481 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1486 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1487 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1488 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1490 =item Tying FileHandles
1492 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1493 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1498 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1510 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1511 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1527 =item Using open() for IPC
1533 =item Background Processes
1535 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1537 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1539 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1541 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1545 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1549 =item Internet Line Terminators
1551 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1553 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1557 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1561 =item A Simple Client
1563 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1565 =item A Webget Client
1567 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1571 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1573 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1575 =item UDP: Message Passing
1589 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1599 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1601 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1602 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1603 files, directories and network sockets
1605 =item Resource limits
1607 =item Killing the parent process
1609 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1611 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1613 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1614 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1615 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1627 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1635 =item Storing numbers
1637 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1639 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1641 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1642 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1643 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1652 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1658 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1660 =item Threaded Program Models
1672 =item Native threads
1674 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1676 =item Threadsafe Modules
1682 =item Basic Thread Support
1684 =item Creating Threads
1686 =item Giving up control
1688 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1690 =item Errors In Threads
1692 =item Ignoring A Thread
1696 =item Threads And Data
1700 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1702 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1704 =item Controlling access: lock()
1706 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1708 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1712 =item Threads And Code
1716 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1718 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1720 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1722 =item Subroutine Locks
1726 =item Locking A Subroutine
1730 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1734 =item What Thread Am I In?
1738 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1740 =item What Threads Are Running?
1744 =item A Complete Example
1752 =item Introductory Texts
1754 =item OS-Related References
1756 =item Other References
1760 =item Acknowledgements
1768 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1774 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1783 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1785 =item Files and Filesystems
1787 =item System Interaction
1789 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1791 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1793 =item Standard Modules
1797 =item Character sets and character encoding
1799 =item Internationalisation
1801 =item System Resources
1811 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1812 http://testers.cpan.org/
1820 =item DOS and Derivatives
1828 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1836 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1840 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1842 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1843 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1844 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1845 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1846 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1847 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1848 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1849 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1850 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1851 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1852 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1853 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1854 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1855 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1856 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1857 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1858 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1859 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1860 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1861 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1862 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1863 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1864 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1865 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1866 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1872 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1873 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1874 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1875 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1876 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1877 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1879 =item Supported Platforms
1883 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1889 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1896 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1902 =item The use locale pragma
1904 =item The setlocale function
1906 =item Finding locales
1908 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1910 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1912 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1914 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1916 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1918 =item The localeconv function
1922 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1926 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1928 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1930 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1932 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1936 =item Other categories
1944 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1945 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1951 =item Backward compatibility
1953 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1955 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1957 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1959 =item Freely available locale definitions
1963 =item An imperfect standard
1971 =item Broken systems
1981 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1989 =item Important Caveats
1991 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1992 to enable a few features
1994 =item Byte and Character semantics
1996 =item Effects of character semantics
1998 =item Character encodings for input and output
2008 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2014 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2022 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2026 =item 13 variant characters
2034 =item Unicode and UTF
2038 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2040 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2042 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2056 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2058 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2060 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2062 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2070 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2072 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2074 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2076 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2080 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2084 =item URL decoding and encoding
2086 =item uu encoding and decoding
2088 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2090 =item Caesarian ciphers
2094 =item Hashing order and checksums
2098 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2110 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2130 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2138 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2140 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2142 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2146 =item Protecting Your Programs
2154 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2166 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2178 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2184 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2188 =item Pragmatic Modules
2190 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2191 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2192 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, unicode::distinct, utf8, vars, warnings,
2195 =item Standard Modules
2197 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2198 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse,
2199 B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse,
2200 B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie,
2201 CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN,
2202 CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct,
2203 Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode,
2204 Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2205 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed,
2206 ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2207 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2208 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
2209 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
2210 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob,
2211 File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc,
2212 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2213 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2214 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
2215 I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants,
2216 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Math::BigFloat,
2217 Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Ping,
2218 Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File,
2219 Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html,
2220 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
2221 Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2222 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
2223 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2224 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2225 Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2226 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2227 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
2228 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2230 =item Extension Modules
2242 =item Central America
2254 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2258 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2260 Adding a Copyright Notice
2262 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2264 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2272 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2282 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2283 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2297 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2307 =item What should I make into a module?
2309 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2311 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2313 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2315 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2316 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2317 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2319 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2321 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2322 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2332 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2333 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2343 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2345 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2347 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2349 =item What is perl6?
2351 =item How stable is Perl?
2353 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2355 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2358 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2360 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2362 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2364 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2366 =item What is a JAPH?
2368 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2370 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2371 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2375 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2379 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2380 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2388 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2390 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2392 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2394 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2397 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2398 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2400 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2401 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2403 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2405 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2407 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2409 =item Where should I post source code?
2413 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2415 =item Perl in Magazines
2417 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2419 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2421 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2423 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2425 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2427 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2431 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2435 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2444 =item How do I do (anything)?
2446 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2448 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2450 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2452 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2454 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2456 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2458 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2460 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2462 CodeMagicCD, Komodo, The Object System, PerlBuilder, Perl code magic,
2463 visiPerl+, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2464 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2466 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2468 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2470 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2472 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2474 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2476 =item What is undump?
2478 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2480 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2482 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2484 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2486 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2488 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2490 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2492 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2494 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2496 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2498 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2500 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2502 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2504 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2506 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2507 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2509 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2512 =item What's MakeMaker?
2516 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2520 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2531 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2532 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2534 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2536 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2539 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2541 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2543 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2545 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2547 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2549 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2557 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2559 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2561 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2563 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2565 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2567 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2569 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2577 =item How do I validate input?
2579 =item How do I unescape a string?
2581 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2583 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2585 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2587 =item How do I reverse a string?
2589 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2591 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2593 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2595 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2597 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2600 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2602 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2603 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2605 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2607 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2609 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2611 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2613 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2615 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2617 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2619 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2620 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2629 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2631 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2633 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2637 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2639 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2640 intersection of two arrays?
2642 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2644 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2646 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2648 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2650 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2652 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2654 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2656 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2658 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2660 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2662 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2666 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2670 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2672 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2675 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2677 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2679 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2681 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2683 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2685 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2687 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2689 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2691 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2693 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2695 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2698 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2699 array of hashes or arrays?
2701 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2709 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2711 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2713 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2715 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2717 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2719 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2721 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2725 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2729 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2738 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2740 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2741 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2743 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2745 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2747 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2749 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2750 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2752 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2754 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2756 =item How can I write() into a string?
2758 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2760 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2762 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2764 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2766 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2768 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2770 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2772 =item How can I lock a file?
2774 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2776 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2777 the file. How can I do this?
2779 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
2780 file. Do I still have to use locking?
2782 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2784 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2786 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2788 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2790 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2792 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2794 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2796 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2798 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2800 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2802 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2804 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2805 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2807 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2809 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2810 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2812 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2814 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2818 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2822 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2830 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2831 and unmaintainable code?
2833 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2835 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2837 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2840 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2842 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2845 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2847 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2849 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2851 =item What is C</o> really for?
2853 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2856 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2858 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2860 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2862 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2864 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2866 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2868 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2870 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2872 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2874 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2876 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2878 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2880 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2884 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2888 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2889 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2897 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2899 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2902 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2905 =item How do I skip some return values?
2907 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2909 =item What's an extension?
2911 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2913 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2915 =item How do I create a module?
2917 =item How do I create a class?
2919 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2921 =item What's a closure?
2923 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2925 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2928 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2931 =item How do I create a static variable?
2933 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2934 Between local() and my()?
2936 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2939 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2941 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2943 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2945 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2947 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2949 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2951 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2953 =item How can I find out my current package?
2955 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2957 =item How do I clear a package?
2959 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2963 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2967 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2976 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2978 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2980 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
2982 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
2984 =item How do I print something out in color?
2986 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
2988 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
2990 =item How do I clear the screen?
2992 =item How do I get the screen size?
2994 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
2996 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
2998 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3000 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3002 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3004 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3006 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3008 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3010 =item How do I set the time and date?
3012 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3014 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3016 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3018 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3019 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3021 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3023 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3025 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3027 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3029 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3031 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3033 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3035 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3037 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3039 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3042 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3044 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3046 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3048 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3051 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3052 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3053 changes to be visible?
3057 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3060 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3062 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3064 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3066 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3068 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3070 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3072 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3074 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3076 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3078 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3080 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3082 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3085 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3087 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3091 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3095 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3104 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3107 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3109 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3111 =item How do I extract URLs?
3113 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3114 file on another machine?
3116 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3118 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3120 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3122 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3124 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3126 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3128 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3130 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3131 CGI script to do bad things?
3133 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3135 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3137 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3139 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3141 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3143 =item How do I send mail?
3145 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3147 =item How do I read mail?
3149 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3151 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3153 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3155 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3159 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3163 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3173 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3177 =item Using The Back Ends
3181 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3185 =item The Decompiling Back End
3187 =item The Lint Back End
3189 =item The Simple C Back End
3191 =item The Bytecode Back End
3193 =item The Optimized C Back End
3195 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3196 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3197 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3201 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3207 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3217 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3218 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3222 =item Compiling your C program
3224 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3226 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3228 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3230 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3232 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3234 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3236 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3238 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3243 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3253 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3259 =item Debugger Internals
3263 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3267 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3269 =item Debugging regular expressions
3273 =item Compile-time output
3275 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3276 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3277 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3280 =item Types of nodes
3282 =item Run-time output
3286 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3290 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3292 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3293 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3296 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3298 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3300 =item B<-DL> details
3304 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3312 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3324 =item Version caveat
3326 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3338 =item What has gone on?
3340 =item Writing good test scripts
3344 =item What's new here?
3346 =item Input and Output Parameters
3348 =item The XSUBPP Program
3350 =item The TYPEMAP file
3352 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3356 =item What has happened here?
3358 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3360 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3362 =item More about XSUB arguments
3364 =item The Argument Stack
3366 =item Extending your Extension
3368 =item Documenting your Extension
3370 =item Installing your Extension
3374 =item New Things in this Example
3378 =item New Things in this Example
3380 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3382 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3384 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3386 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3402 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3414 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3416 =item The Argument Stack
3418 =item The RETVAL Variable
3420 =item The MODULE Keyword
3422 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3424 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3426 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3428 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3430 =item The CODE: Keyword
3432 =item The INIT: Keyword
3434 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3436 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3438 =item Default Parameter Values
3440 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3442 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3444 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3446 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3448 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3450 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3452 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3454 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3456 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3458 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3460 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3462 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3464 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3466 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3468 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3470 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3472 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3474 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3476 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3478 =item The CASE: Keyword
3480 =item The & Unary Operator
3482 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3484 =item Using XS With C++
3486 =item Interface Strategy
3488 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3502 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3512 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3514 =item File Operations
3516 =item File Input and Output
3518 =item File Positioning
3520 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3522 =item Character Class Tests
3524 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3526 =item Miscellaneous functions
3534 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3546 =item What is an "IV"?
3548 =item Working with SVs
3552 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3554 =item Working with AVs
3556 =item Working with HVs
3558 =item Hash API Extensions
3562 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3564 =item Creating New Variables
3566 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3568 =item Stashes and Globs
3570 =item Double-Typed SVs
3572 =item Magic Variables
3574 =item Assigning Magic
3576 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3580 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3582 =item Localizing changes
3584 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3585 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3586 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3587 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3588 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3589 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3590 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3591 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3592 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3593 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3601 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3603 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3605 =item Memory Allocation
3609 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3613 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3623 =item Examining the tree
3625 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3627 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3629 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3631 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3635 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3637 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3641 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3643 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3645 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3647 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3649 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3653 =item Internal Functions
3655 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3659 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3661 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3663 =item Source Documentation
3667 =item Unicode Support
3671 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3673 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3675 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3677 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3679 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3681 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3691 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3697 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3699 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3701 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3721 =item Determining the Context
3725 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3731 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3733 =item Passing Parameters
3735 =item Returning a Scalar
3737 =item Returning a list of values
3739 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3741 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3745 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3749 =item Using call_argv
3751 =item Using call_method
3755 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3757 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3759 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3760 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3763 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3765 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3777 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3787 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3788 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3789 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3790 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3794 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3798 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3799 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3807 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3817 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3819 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3821 B<Decryption Filters>
3823 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3825 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3827 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3839 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3847 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3848 B<filter_fetch_value>
3854 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3856 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3866 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3872 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3873 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3874 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv,
3875 CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS,
3876 dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS,
3877 get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
3878 gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY,
3879 G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
3880 HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear,
3881 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3882 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3883 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3884 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
3885 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
3886 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
3887 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
3888 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
3889 newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK,
3890 perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
3891 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn,
3892 POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
3893 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
3894 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
3895 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
3896 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
3897 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
3898 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
3899 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
3900 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
3901 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
3902 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV,
3903 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
3904 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
3905 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
3906 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec,
3907 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
3908 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy,
3909 sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
3910 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3911 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3912 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3913 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
3914 sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
3915 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
3916 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER,
3917 utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length,
3918 utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8,
3919 warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY,
3920 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
3921 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES,
3922 XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3930 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3937 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3938 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, start_glob
3946 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3956 =item History and Background
3958 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3960 =item Data Structures
3962 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
3963 data for a particular handle
3965 =item Functions and Attributes
3967 =item Per-instance Data
3969 =item Layers in action.
3971 =item Per-instance flag bits
3973 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
3974 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
3975 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
3976 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
3978 =item Methods in Detail
3980 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
3981 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
3982 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
3983 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
3984 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
3985 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
3986 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3987 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3988 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3989 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
3990 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
3991 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
3992 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
3993 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
3997 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
3999 =item Extension Layers
4001 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4007 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4015 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4016 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4017 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4018 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4019 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4020 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4021 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4022 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4023 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4024 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4025 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4029 =item Co-existence with stdio
4031 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4032 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4034 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4036 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4037 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4038 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4039 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4041 =item Other Functions
4043 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4044 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4050 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4056 =item Infrastructure
4060 =item Mailing list archives
4062 =item Bug tracking system
4064 =item Regression Tests
4066 Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to
4087 Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs
4091 =item Perl Internals
4097 =item Garbage Collection
4099 =item Reliable signals
4101 Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed
4102 sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN
4104 =item Interpolated regex performance bugs
4106 =item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
4108 =item Make XS easier to use
4110 =item Make embedded Perl easier to use
4112 =item Namespace cleanup
4124 =item A clear division into tutorial and reference
4126 =item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions
4128 =item More tutorials
4130 Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging
4132 =item Include a search tool
4134 =item Include a locate tool
4136 =item Separate function manpages by default
4138 =item Users can't find the manpages
4140 =item Install ALL Documentation
4142 =item Outstanding issues to be documented
4144 =item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
4146 =item Replace man with a perl program
4148 =item Unicode tutorial
4156 =item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2
4158 =item Module versions
4166 VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice
4168 =item Procedural options
4172 =item y2k localtime/gmtime
4174 =item Export File::Find variables
4178 =item Debugger attach/detach
4180 =item Regular Expression debugger
4182 =item Alternative RE Syntax
4184 =item Bundled modules
4190 =item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
4206 =item POSIX on non-POSIX
4208 =item Portable installations
4216 =item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
4218 =item Sort out the spawnvp() mess
4220 =item Work out DLL versioning
4226 =item Would be nice to have
4228 C<pack "(stuff)*">, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled
4229 perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format
4230 BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input
4231 should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun
4232 debugger, lvalue functions
4234 =item Possible pragmas
4246 =item constant function cache
4248 =item foreach(reverse...)
4250 =item Cache eval tree
4254 =item Shrink opcode tables
4256 =item Cache hash value
4258 =item Optimize away @_ where possible
4260 =item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
4262 =item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization
4266 =item Vague possibilities
4268 ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?,
4269 Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real
4270 threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al
4272 =item To Do Or Not To Do
4276 =item Making my() work on "package" variables
4278 =item "or" testing defined not truth
4280 =item "dynamic" lexicals
4282 =item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals"
4298 =item External threads
4304 =item Per-thread GVs
4316 =item Precompiled modules
4320 =item Typed lexicals
4330 =item Cached compilation
4334 =item Recently Finished Tasks
4338 =item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
4344 =item Namespace cleanup
4356 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4362 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4363 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4364 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4365 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4366 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4367 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4368 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4372 =item Keeping in sync
4374 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4375 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4376 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4377 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4379 =item Submitting patches
4381 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4382 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4384 =item Finding Your Way Around
4386 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4388 =item Elements of the interpreter
4390 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4392 =item Internal Variable Types
4398 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4400 =item Millions of Macros
4402 =item Poking at Perl
4404 =item Using a source-level debugger
4406 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4407 finish, 'enter', print
4409 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4415 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4419 =item Rational Software's Purify
4421 =item Purify on Unix
4423 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4427 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4429 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4431 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4433 =item Pixie Profiling
4435 -h, -l, -p, -h, -i, -l, -testcoverage, -zero
4439 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4447 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4455 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4467 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4469 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4473 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4477 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4483 =item Reporting Bugs
4491 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4497 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4499 =item Incompatible Changes
4501 =item Core Enhancements
4503 =item Modules and Pragmata
4509 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4513 =item Performance Enhancements
4515 =item Utility Changes
4517 =item New Documentation
4533 =item README.solaris
4537 =item Porting/repository.pod
4541 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4545 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4547 =item Generic Improvements
4549 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4550 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4551 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4555 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4559 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4563 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4565 =item Changed Internals
4569 =item Known Problems
4573 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4575 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4577 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4579 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4583 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4585 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4587 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4589 =item Failure of Thread tests
4591 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4593 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4595 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4597 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4601 =item Reporting Bugs
4609 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4615 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4617 =item Incompatible Changes
4619 =item Core Enhancements
4621 =item Modules and Pragmata
4627 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4631 =item Utility Changes
4633 =item New Documentation
4635 =item Performance Enhancements
4637 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4641 =item Generic Improvements
4645 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4649 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4653 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4655 =item Changed Internals
4657 =item Known Problems
4661 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4663 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4665 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4667 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4669 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4671 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4673 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4675 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4677 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4679 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4683 =item Reporting Bugs
4691 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4697 =item Core Enhancements
4701 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4703 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4705 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4707 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4709 =item "our" declarations
4711 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4713 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4715 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4717 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4719 =item open() with more than two arguments
4721 =item 64-bit support
4723 =item Large file support
4729 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4731 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4733 =item File globbing implemented internally
4735 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4737 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4739 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4741 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4743 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4745 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4747 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4749 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4751 =item Comments in pack() templates
4753 =item Weak references
4755 =item Binary numbers supported
4757 =item Lvalue subroutines
4759 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4761 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4763 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4765 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4767 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4769 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4771 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4773 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4775 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4777 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4779 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4781 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4783 =item Improved diagnostics
4785 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4787 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4789 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4791 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4793 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4795 =item Improved security features
4797 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4799 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4801 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4803 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4805 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4807 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4809 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
4813 =item Modules and Pragmata
4819 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
4820 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
4821 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
4822 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
4823 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
4824 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
4825 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
4826 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
4832 =item Utility Changes
4846 =item The Perl Debugger
4850 =item Improved Documentation
4852 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
4853 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
4854 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
4855 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
4857 =item Performance enhancements
4861 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
4863 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
4865 =item Faster subroutine calls
4867 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
4871 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4875 =item -Dusethreads means something different
4877 =item New Configure flags
4879 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
4885 =item -Duselargefiles
4887 =item installusrbinperl
4893 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
4897 =item Platform specific changes
4901 =item Supported platforms
4905 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
4913 =item Significant bug fixes
4917 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
4919 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
4921 =item All compilation errors are true errors
4923 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
4925 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
4927 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
4929 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
4931 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
4933 =item Failures in DESTROY()
4935 =item Locale bugs fixed
4939 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
4941 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
4943 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
4945 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
4949 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4951 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
4952 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
4953 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
4954 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
4955 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
4956 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
4957 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
4958 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
4959 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
4960 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
4961 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
4962 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
4963 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
4964 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
4965 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
4966 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
4967 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
4968 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
4969 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
4970 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
4971 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
4972 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
4973 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
4974 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
4975 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
4976 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
4977 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
4978 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
4979 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
4980 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
4981 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
4982 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
4983 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
4984 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
4985 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
4986 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
4987 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
4988 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
4989 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
4990 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
4991 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
4992 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
4993 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
4994 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
4995 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
4996 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
4997 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
4998 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
4999 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5000 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5004 =item Incompatible Changes
5008 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5010 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5011 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5012 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5013 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5014 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5015 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5016 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5017 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5018 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5019 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5020 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5022 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5024 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5026 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5028 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5030 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5034 =item Known Problems
5038 =item Thread test failures
5040 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5042 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5044 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5046 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5049 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5051 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5053 =item Experimental features
5055 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5056 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5057 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5061 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5063 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5064 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5065 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5066 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5068 =item Reporting Bugs
5076 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5082 =item About the new versioning system
5084 =item Incompatible Changes
5088 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5090 =item Default installation structure has changed
5092 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5094 =item C Source Compatibility
5096 =item Binary Compatibility
5098 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5100 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5114 =item Regular Expressions
5116 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5117 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5118 improvements, Incompatible changes
5120 =item Improved malloc()
5122 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5124 =item Reliable signals
5126 =item Reliable stack pointers
5128 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5132 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5134 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5136 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5138 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5140 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5142 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5144 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5146 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5148 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5150 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5152 =item Better locale support
5154 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5156 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5158 =item Extended support for exception handling
5160 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5162 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5164 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5166 =item New C<lock> keyword
5168 =item New C<qr//> operator
5170 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5172 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5174 =item Tied handles support is better
5176 =item 4th argument to substr
5178 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5180 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5182 =item <> now reads in records
5186 =item Supported Platforms
5192 =item Changes in existing support
5196 =item Modules and Pragmata
5202 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5203 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5204 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5206 =item Changes in existing modules
5208 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5209 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5213 =item Utility Changes
5215 =item Documentation Changes
5217 =item New Diagnostics
5219 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5220 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5221 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5222 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5223 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5224 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5225 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5226 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5227 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5228 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5229 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5230 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5231 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5232 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5233 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5234 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5235 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5237 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5239 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5240 temporary file, regexp too big
5242 =item Configuration Changes
5252 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5258 =item Supported Environments
5264 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5266 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5268 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5270 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5272 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5274 =item More precise warnings
5276 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5278 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5280 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5282 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5284 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5286 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5288 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5290 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5292 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5294 =item Changes to tainting checks
5296 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5297 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5299 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5301 =item Embedding improvements
5303 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5305 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5307 =item New and changed syntax
5311 =item New and changed builtin constants
5315 =item New and changed builtin variables
5319 =item New and changed builtin functions
5321 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5322 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5323 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5324 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5325 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5327 =item New builtin methods
5329 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5331 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5333 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5334 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5336 =item Malloc enhancements
5338 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5340 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5344 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5360 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5361 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5367 =item Required Updates
5369 =item Installation directories
5371 =item Module information summary
5385 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5389 =item Utility Changes
5395 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5399 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5403 =item C Language API Changes
5405 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5408 =item Documentation Changes
5410 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5411 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5413 =item New Diagnostics
5415 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5416 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5417 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5418 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5419 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5420 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5421 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5422 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5423 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5424 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5425 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5426 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5427 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5428 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5429 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5430 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5431 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5432 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5433 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5434 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5435 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5436 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5437 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5438 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5439 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5449 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5457 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5461 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5463 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5465 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5467 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5473 =item GDBM and Threads
5475 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5485 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5501 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5503 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5505 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5507 fork(), some features of the UNIX filesystem regarding link count and file
5508 dates, inplace operation (the -i switch) without backup file, umask()
5509 works, but the correct permissions are only set when the file is
5516 =item Accessing documentation
5524 =item B<GNU> C<info> files
5536 =item Getting the perl source
5540 remember to use a hefty wad of stack (I use 2000000)
5544 =item Installing the built perl
5554 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5576 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell
5578 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5580 =item Floating point anomalies
5598 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5608 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5610 =item Cygwin Configuration
5612 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5620 =item Strip Binaries
5622 =item Optional Libraries
5624 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5625 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5627 =item Configure-time Options
5629 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5630 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5632 =item Suspicious Warnings
5634 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5652 =item File Permissions
5656 =item Filetime Granularity
5658 =item Tainting Checks
5662 =item Script Portability
5664 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5672 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5673 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5683 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5691 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5693 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
5695 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
5697 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5701 =item I/O Redirection
5711 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5715 =item SUPPORT STATUS
5723 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5732 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5742 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5744 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5746 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5748 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5754 =item GDBM and Threads
5756 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5758 =item perl -P and //
5768 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
5777 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
5779 =item Failures during C<make test>
5781 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
5783 =item Building external modules
5793 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
5807 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
5815 =item System Requirements
5817 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
5819 =item Distribution Contents Highlights
5821 README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6
5823 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
5825 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
5827 =item Change History
5831 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
5851 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
5853 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
5855 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
5859 =item Frequently asked questions
5863 =item "It does not work"
5865 =item I cannot run external programs
5867 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
5870 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
5873 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
5875 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
5883 =item Automatic binary installation
5885 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
5887 =item Manual binary installation
5889 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
5890 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
5891 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
5892 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
5893 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
5899 =item Accessing documentation
5903 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
5911 =item GNU C<info> files
5923 =item The short story
5927 =item Getting perl source
5929 =item Application of the patches
5937 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
5940 =item Installing the built perl
5942 =item C<a.out>-style build
5950 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
5952 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
5954 =item Problems with tr or sed
5956 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
5958 =item Library ... not found
5960 =item Segfault in make
5962 =item op/sprintf test failure
5966 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
5970 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
5974 =item C<extproc> on the first line
5976 =item Additional modules:
5978 =item Prebuilt methods:
5980 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
5981 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
5982 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
5983 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
5984 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
5985 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
5986 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
5987 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
5988 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
5989 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
5990 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
5992 =item Prebuilt variables:
5994 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6000 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6003 =item Identifying DLLs
6005 =item Centralized management of resources
6021 =item F<perl___.exe>
6023 =item Why strange names?
6025 =item Why dynamic linking?
6027 =item Why chimera build?
6035 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6037 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6039 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6041 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6043 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6045 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6055 =item DLL name mangling
6059 =item Calls to external programs
6061 =item Memory allocation
6065 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6079 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6091 =item Setup and utilities
6095 =item Build, test, install
6097 =item build anomalies
6099 =item testing anomalies
6101 =item installation anomalies
6105 =item Floating point anomalies
6107 =item Modules and Extensions
6125 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6133 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6139 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6145 =item File Extraction Problems.
6147 =item Compiler and Related Tools.
6153 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6157 =item 64-bit Issues.
6161 =item Malloc Issues.
6165 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6167 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6168 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6169 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6175 =item op/stat.t test 4
6179 =item PREBUILT BINARIES.
6181 =item RUNTIME ISSUES.
6185 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files.
6189 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6191 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6195 =item Proc::ProcessTable
6209 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6221 =item Setup and utilities
6225 Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There's a bug in the
6226 compiler (APAR PQ18812) that generates some bad code the optimizer is on,
6227 As VM/ESA doesn't fully support the fork() API programs relying on this
6228 call will not work. I've replaced fork()/exec() with spawn() and the
6229 standalone exec() with spawn(). This has a side effect when opening unnamed
6230 pipes in a shell script: there is no child process generated under
6232 =item testing anomalies
6236 When using perl on VM/ESA please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII
6237 character sets are different. Perl builtin functions that may behave
6238 differently under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod document.
6254 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6262 =item Organization of Perl Images
6268 =item Perl Extensions
6270 =item Installing static extensions
6272 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6276 =item File specifications
6282 =item Wildcard expansion
6288 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6294 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6296 =item Command line switches
6302 =item Perl functions
6304 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6305 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6306 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6307 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6309 =item Perl variables
6311 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|
6313 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6327 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6335 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6339 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6343 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6345 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6349 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6353 =item Unimplemented Features
6359 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6367 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6369 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6381 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6391 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6401 =item Built-in Attributes
6403 locked, method, lvalue
6405 =item Available Subroutines
6409 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6411 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6413 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6421 =item Default exports
6423 =item Available exports
6425 =item Export tags defined
6435 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6447 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6463 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6477 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6491 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6504 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6513 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6519 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6529 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6539 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6550 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6552 =item The I<splain> Program
6566 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6580 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6590 =item subpragma access
6596 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
6607 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
6617 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
6627 =item Adding directories to @INC
6629 =item Deleting directories from @INC
6631 =item Restoring original @INC
6641 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
6652 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
6660 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
6662 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
6668 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
6680 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
6690 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
6692 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
6694 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
6696 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
6698 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
6700 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
6702 =item Overloadable Operations
6704 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
6705 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
6706 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
6708 =item Inheritance and overloading
6710 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
6711 is inherited by derived classes
6715 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
6723 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
6725 =item Copy Constructor
6731 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
6733 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
6734 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
6735 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
6738 =item Losing overloading
6740 =item Run-time Overloading
6742 =item Public functions
6744 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
6746 =item Overloading constants
6748 integer, float, binary, q, qr
6750 =item IMPLEMENTATION
6752 =item Metaphor clash
6758 =item Two-face scalars
6760 =item Two-face references
6762 =item Symbolic calculator
6764 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
6772 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
6773 type, `%s' is not a code reference
6779 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6789 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
6801 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
6803 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
6807 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
6811 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
6819 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
6827 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
6831 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
6841 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
6854 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
6865 =item Utility functions
6867 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
6868 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
6876 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
6886 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
6894 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
6895 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
6896 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
6897 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
6898 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
6902 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
6904 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
6906 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
6916 =item DBM Comparisons
6926 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
6936 =item Subroutine Stubs
6938 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6940 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6942 =item Package Lexicals
6944 =item Not Using AutoLoader
6946 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
6956 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
6964 $keep, $check, $modtime
6968 =item Multiple packages
6976 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
6984 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
6988 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
6996 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7010 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7014 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7016 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7018 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7020 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7024 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7028 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7029 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7033 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7034 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7038 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7042 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7047 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7049 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7053 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7055 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7059 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7063 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7067 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7071 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7073 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7075 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7079 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7083 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7087 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7089 redoop, nextop, lastop
7091 =item B::COP METHODS
7093 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7097 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7099 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7100 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7101 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
7102 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
7109 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7122 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7134 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7146 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7156 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7157 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7158 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7168 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7178 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7179 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7189 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7199 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7200 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7201 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7213 =item Context of ".."
7217 =item Deprecated features
7225 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7235 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7236 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7237 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7239 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7241 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7242 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7243 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7244 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7245 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7246 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7247 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7248 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7254 =item OP flags abbreviations
7256 =item OP class abbreviations
7260 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
7266 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7278 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7288 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7289 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7291 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7301 =item ambient_pragmas
7303 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
7315 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7327 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7335 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7337 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7338 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7340 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7350 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7360 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7366 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7378 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7390 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7392 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7404 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7414 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7422 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7434 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7448 =item Standard Exports
7450 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7451 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7452 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7454 =item Optional Exports
7456 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7457 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7458 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7474 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7478 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7492 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7502 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7503 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7504 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7514 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7526 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7528 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7530 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7532 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7534 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7536 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7538 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7540 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7542 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7544 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7546 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7548 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7550 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7552 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7554 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7556 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7558 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7560 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7561 B<:standard>, B<:all>
7565 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
7566 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
7569 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
7571 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
7572 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
7577 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
7581 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
7583 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
7585 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
7587 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
7589 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
7591 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
7593 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
7595 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
7596 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
7598 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
7602 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
7606 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
7608 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
7610 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
7612 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
7614 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
7616 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
7617 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
7619 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
7623 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
7627 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
7629 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
7631 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
7633 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
7637 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
7639 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
7641 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
7645 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
7647 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
7651 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
7655 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
7659 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
7663 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
7667 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
7669 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
7671 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
7675 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
7679 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
7685 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
7686 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
7688 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
7690 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
7691 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
7694 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
7700 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
7704 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
7706 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
7707 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
7708 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
7709 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
7710 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
7712 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
7714 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
7719 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
7721 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
7723 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
7724 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
7726 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
7728 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7732 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
7733 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
7734 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
7735 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
7736 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
7737 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
7738 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
7739 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
7740 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
7741 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
7742 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
7743 ...and many many more..
7745 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
7753 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
7763 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7771 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
7780 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
7782 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
7786 =item Changing the default message
7790 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
7800 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
7808 =item USING CGI::Cookie
7810 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
7814 =item Creating New Cookies
7816 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
7818 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
7820 =item Manipulating Cookies
7822 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
7826 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7834 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
7842 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
7844 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
7846 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
7848 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
7852 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7860 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
7870 =item Tags that won't be formatted
7872 =item Customizing the Indenting
7884 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
7892 =item USING CGI::Push
7894 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
7898 =item Heterogeneous Pages
7900 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
7904 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
7906 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7914 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
7924 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7932 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
7940 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7946 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
7956 =item Interactive Mode
7958 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
7959 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
7960 distribution, ls author, Signals
7968 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
7970 =item Programmer's interface
7972 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
7974 =item Methods in the other Classes
7976 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
7977 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
7978 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
7979 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
7980 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
7981 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
7982 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
7983 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
7984 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
7985 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
7986 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
7987 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
7988 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
7989 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
7990 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
7991 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
7992 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
7993 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
7994 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
7995 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
7996 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
7997 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
7998 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
7999 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8000 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8001 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8009 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8013 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8019 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8020 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8021 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8022 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8026 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8028 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8036 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8038 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8042 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8044 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8046 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8052 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8064 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8074 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8087 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8097 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8105 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8107 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8117 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8118 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8119 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8121 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8129 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8139 =item The C<struct()> function
8141 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8143 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8145 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8146 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8148 =item Initializing with C<new>
8154 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8156 =item Author and Modification History
8160 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8168 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8180 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8184 C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>,
8185 C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>,
8186 C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk>
8190 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8191 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8195 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8196 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8197 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8198 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>
8202 C<CONFIGDOTSH>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>,
8203 C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>,
8204 C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8208 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8209 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8210 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8211 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8212 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>,
8213 C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>,
8214 C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>,
8215 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>,
8216 C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>,
8217 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
8218 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
8219 C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
8220 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
8221 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
8222 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>,
8223 C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>,
8224 C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>,
8225 C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>,
8226 C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>,
8227 C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
8228 C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>,
8229 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>,
8230 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
8231 C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
8232 C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
8233 C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>,
8234 C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
8235 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
8236 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
8237 C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
8238 C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
8239 C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>,
8240 C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>,
8241 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
8242 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
8243 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
8244 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
8245 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
8246 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
8247 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
8248 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
8249 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>,
8250 C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>,
8251 C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>,
8252 C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>,
8253 C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
8254 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
8255 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
8256 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
8257 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
8258 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
8259 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
8260 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
8261 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
8262 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>,
8263 C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_statblks>,
8264 C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>,
8265 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
8266 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
8267 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
8268 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
8269 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>,
8270 C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>,
8271 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
8272 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
8273 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
8274 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
8275 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
8276 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
8277 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
8278 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>,
8279 C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8283 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8284 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8288 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8289 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
8293 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8294 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8298 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8302 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8303 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8304 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8305 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
8306 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
8307 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8308 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8309 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8310 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8311 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8312 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8313 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8314 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8315 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8316 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8317 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8318 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8319 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8320 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8321 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8322 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8323 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8324 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8329 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8333 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8334 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8335 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8336 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8337 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8338 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8342 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8343 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8344 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8348 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8349 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8353 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8354 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8355 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8356 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8360 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8361 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8365 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8370 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8371 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8372 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8373 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8377 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8381 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8382 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm>
8386 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8387 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8388 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8389 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8390 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8391 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8392 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8393 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8394 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8395 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8396 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8397 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8398 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8399 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8403 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
8404 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8408 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8409 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8410 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8411 C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>,
8412 C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>,
8413 C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>,
8414 C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>,
8415 C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>,
8416 C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8420 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8421 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8422 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8426 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8430 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
8442 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
8452 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8464 =item Global Variables
8466 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8467 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8472 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8473 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8475 =item Client Callback Methods
8477 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8478 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8479 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8489 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8497 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8501 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8503 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8505 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8507 =item Default Parameters
8509 =item In Memory Databases
8517 =item A Simple Example
8525 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8527 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8529 =item The get_dup() Method
8531 =item The find_dup() Method
8533 =item The del_dup() Method
8535 =item Matching Partial Keys
8543 =item The 'bval' Option
8545 =item A Simple Example
8547 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8549 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8550 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
8553 =item Another Example
8557 =item THE API INTERFACE
8559 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8560 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8561 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
8562 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
8566 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
8567 B<filter_fetch_value>
8573 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
8575 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
8579 =item HINTS AND TIPS
8583 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
8585 =item Safe ways to lock a database
8587 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
8589 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
8591 =item The untie() Gotcha
8595 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
8599 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
8601 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
8603 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
8605 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
8625 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
8626 printing and C<eval>
8638 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
8639 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
8640 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
8647 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
8649 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8650 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8651 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8652 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8653 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8654 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8655 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8656 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8657 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8658 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8659 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8660 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
8680 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
8688 =item PROFILE FORMAT
8700 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
8710 =item Memory footprint debugging
8718 =item A simple scalar string
8720 =item A simple scalar number
8722 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
8724 =item A reference to a simple scalar
8726 =item A reference to an array
8728 =item A reference to a hash
8730 =item Dumping a large array or hash
8732 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
8734 =item A reference to a subroutine
8748 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
8758 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
8766 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
8770 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
8771 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
8772 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
8780 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
8790 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
8794 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
8795 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
8807 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
8817 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
8829 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
8830 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
8831 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
8836 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
8837 veryCompact, set, get
8843 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
8851 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
8852 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
8853 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
8854 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
8861 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
8874 =head2 Encode - character encodings
8892 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
8894 =item Types of Encodings
8896 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
8897 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
8899 =item Specifying Encodings
8901 1. By name, 2. As an object
8903 =item Encoding Names
8905 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
8906 The name used by the the organization that defined it
8910 =item PERL ENCODING API
8914 =item Generic Encoding Interface
8916 =item Handling Malformed Data
8918 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
8922 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
8924 =item Listing available encodings
8926 =item Defining Aliases
8928 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
8931 =item Defining Encodings
8935 =item Encoding and IO
8937 =item Encode and PerlIO
8939 =item Encoding How to ...
8941 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
8942 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
8944 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
8946 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
8948 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
8950 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
8951 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
8955 =item Compiled Encodings
8957 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
8958 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
8966 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
8967 of the Encode extension
8973 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8981 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
8983 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
8989 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8997 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9010 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9025 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9041 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9053 =item Selecting What To Export
9055 =item Specialised Import Lists
9057 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9059 =item Module Version Checking
9061 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9063 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9069 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9079 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9100 mv source... destination
9102 cp source... destination
9120 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
9132 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
9133 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
9143 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
9153 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
9165 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
9166 packlist(), version()
9174 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
9182 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
9188 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
9198 =item VMS implementation
9200 =item Win32 implementation
9208 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9217 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9221 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9236 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9248 =item Preloaded methods
9268 =item SelfLoaded methods
9314 file_name_is_absolute
9320 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9360 maybe_command_in_dirs
9398 replace_manpage_separator
9412 test_via_harness (o)
9444 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9455 =item Methods always loaded
9467 =item SelfLoaded methods
9469 guess_name (override)
9473 find_perl (override)
9477 maybe_command (override)
9479 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
9481 perl_script (override)
9483 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9485 replace_manpage_separator
9487 init_others (override)
9489 constants (override)
9493 const_cccmd (override)
9495 pm_to_blib (override)
9497 tool_autosplit (override)
9499 tool_sxubpp (override)
9501 xsubpp_version (override)
9503 tools_other (override)
9513 top_targets (override)
9517 dynamic_lib (override)
9519 dynamic_bs (override)
9521 static_lib (override)
9523 manifypods (override)
9525 processPL (override)
9527 installbin (override)
9533 realclean (override)
9535 dist_basics (override)
9537 dist_core (override)
9541 dist_test (override)
9545 perldepend (override)
9551 test_via_harness (override)
9553 test_via_script (override)
9555 makeaperl (override)
9559 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9586 test_via_harness (o)
9588 tool_autosplit (override)
9606 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
9616 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
9618 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
9626 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
9630 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
9632 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
9634 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
9636 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
9638 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
9639 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
9640 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
9641 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
9642 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
9643 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
9644 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
9645 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
9646 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
9647 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
9648 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
9649 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
9650 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
9651 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
9652 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
9654 =item Additional lowercase attributes
9656 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
9659 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
9661 =item Hintsfile support
9663 =item Distribution Support
9665 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
9666 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
9667 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
9669 =item Disabling an extension
9683 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
9695 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
9699 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
9700 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
9704 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
9712 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
9724 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
9734 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
9743 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
9751 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
9763 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
9771 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
9781 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
9793 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
9803 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
9807 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
9815 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
9819 C<basename>, C<dirname>
9823 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
9833 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
9847 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
9857 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
9859 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
9869 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
9877 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
9889 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
9897 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
9898 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>,
9899 C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
9905 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
9913 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
9914 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
9915 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
9919 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
9927 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
9939 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
9953 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
9987 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10005 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
10033 file_name_is_absolute
10053 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
10063 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
10095 file_name_is_absolute
10117 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
10133 =item Methods always loaded
10135 canonpath (override)
10153 case_tolerant (override)
10157 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10159 splitpath (override)
10161 splitdir (override)
10175 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
10205 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10229 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10243 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10253 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10261 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10269 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10271 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10283 =item Temporary files and NFS
10295 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10309 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10321 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10329 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10335 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10349 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
10351 =item All-in-one interface
10363 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10373 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10377 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10379 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10387 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10389 =item Example 2: Using the context
10391 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10393 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10397 =item Filter::Simple
10405 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
10413 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
10423 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
10439 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
10447 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
10449 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
10453 =item Simple options
10455 =item A little bit less simple options
10457 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
10459 =item Options with values
10461 =item Options with multiple values
10463 =item Options with hash values
10465 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
10467 =item Options with multiple names
10469 =item Case and abbreviations
10471 =item Summary of Option Specifications
10473 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
10477 =item Advanced Possibilities
10481 =item Object oriented interface
10483 =item Documentation and help texts
10485 =item Storing options in a hash
10489 =item The lonesome dash
10491 =item Argument call-back
10495 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
10497 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
10498 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
10499 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
10500 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
10501 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
10503 =item Return values and Errors
10509 =item Default destinations
10511 =item Alternative option starters
10513 =item Configuration variables
10517 =item Trouble Shooting
10521 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
10523 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
10530 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
10534 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
10545 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
10556 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
10566 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
10574 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10575 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10585 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10595 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10599 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10607 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
10617 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10621 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10622 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10623 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10624 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10636 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10646 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10650 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10660 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10670 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10671 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10681 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
10689 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10690 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10699 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
10709 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10713 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10714 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10715 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10725 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
10739 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
10740 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
10750 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
10766 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10779 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
10793 hostpath(), peerpath()
10803 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
10812 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10813 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10823 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10833 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10837 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10845 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
10856 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10860 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10861 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10862 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10863 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10875 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10885 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10889 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10899 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10909 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10910 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10920 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
10929 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10930 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10939 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
10950 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10954 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10955 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10956 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10966 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
10981 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
10982 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
10992 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
10993 AF_INET domain sockets
11009 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11022 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
11023 AF_UNIX domain sockets
11037 hostpath(), peerpath()
11047 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11057 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11058 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11069 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
11083 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
11096 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
11106 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11107 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11108 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11119 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
11137 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11147 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11148 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11159 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
11170 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11171 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11172 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11183 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
11191 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11192 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11194 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11200 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
11201 general-utility list subroutines
11209 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11210 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11212 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11218 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
11219 general-utility scalar subroutines
11227 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
11228 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
11236 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
11244 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11248 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
11256 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
11268 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
11274 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11276 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
11277 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
11283 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11285 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
11291 =item CODE ALIASING
11301 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11305 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
11306 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
11307 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
11308 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
11316 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
11317 identification (ISO 4217)
11335 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11337 code2currency(), currency2code()
11343 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11345 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
11353 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11357 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
11365 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
11382 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11384 code2language(), language2code()
11390 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11392 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
11400 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11404 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
11405 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
11413 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
11421 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
11425 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
11433 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
11434 of quoted-printable strings
11442 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
11448 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
11457 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
11463 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
11471 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
11480 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
11488 Canonical notation, Input, Output
11492 =item Autocreating constants
11500 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
11513 =item STRINGIFICATION
11517 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
11523 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
11525 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
11533 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
11541 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
11547 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
11549 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
11553 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11555 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
11559 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
11561 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11563 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
11564 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
11568 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
11574 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
11584 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
11592 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11598 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11602 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11606 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
11616 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
11622 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
11630 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
11636 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
11637 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
11645 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
11662 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
11679 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
11694 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
11711 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
11721 =item IMPLEMENTATION
11727 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
11735 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11741 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11745 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11749 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
11761 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
11763 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
11764 or optag, an operator set (opset)
11766 =item Opcode Functions
11768 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
11769 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
11770 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
11773 =item Manipulating Opsets
11775 =item TO DO (maybe)
11781 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
11783 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
11784 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
11785 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
11794 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
11803 a new namespace, an operator mask
11809 =item RECENT CHANGES
11811 =item Methods in class Safe
11813 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
11814 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
11815 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
11816 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
11818 =item Some Safety Issues
11820 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
11828 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
11841 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
11855 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
11856 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
11857 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
11858 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
11859 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
11860 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
11861 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
11862 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
11863 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
11864 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
11865 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
11866 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
11867 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
11868 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
11869 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
11870 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
11871 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
11872 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
11873 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
11874 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
11875 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
11876 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
11877 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
11878 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
11879 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
11886 =item POSIX::SigAction
11890 =item POSIX::SigSet
11892 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
11894 =item POSIX::Termios
11896 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
11897 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
11898 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
11899 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
11900 values, c_oflag field values
11904 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
11908 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
11912 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
11970 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
11979 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
11983 =item Defaults and how to override them
11993 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
12003 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
12011 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
12012 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
12013 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
12014 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
12015 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
12016 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
12017 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
12021 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
12027 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
12033 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
12045 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
12046 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
12047 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
12048 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
12049 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
12050 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
12051 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
12052 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
12057 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
12058 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
12059 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
12060 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
12061 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
12062 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
12066 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
12067 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
12079 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
12081 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
12084 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
12086 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
12088 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
12090 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
12092 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
12100 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
12112 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
12114 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
12121 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
12127 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
12129 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
12136 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
12148 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
12158 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
12159 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
12174 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
12187 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
12188 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
12194 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
12218 =item B<was_cutting()>
12224 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
12230 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
12236 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
12242 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
12248 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12254 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
12260 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
12266 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
12272 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
12278 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
12284 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
12290 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
12296 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
12302 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
12308 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
12314 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12320 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
12326 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
12332 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
12338 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
12344 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
12350 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
12356 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
12362 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
12368 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
12374 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
12380 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
12386 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12392 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
12404 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
12416 =item OBJECT METHODS
12424 =item Data Accessors
12440 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
12442 B<StartWithNewPage>
12456 =item Subclassed methods
12470 B<interior_sequence>
12486 =item Methods for headings
12494 =item Internal methods
12500 B<_replace_special_chars>
12506 B<_clean_latex_commands>
12522 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
12530 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
12535 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
12536 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
12537 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
12538 line %d, Unmatched =back
12548 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
12562 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
12570 $list-E<gt>indent()
12578 $list-E<gt>parent()
12584 =item Pod::Hyperlink
12586 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
12590 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
12592 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
12596 $link-E<gt>warning()
12598 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
12604 $link-E<gt>alttext()
12614 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
12620 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
12624 =item Pod::Cache::Item
12626 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
12630 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
12632 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
12634 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
12636 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
12638 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
12640 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
12642 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
12652 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
12664 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12666 =item PARSING OPTIONS
12668 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
12669 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
12675 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12683 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12689 =item B<verbatim()>
12691 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12697 =item B<textblock()>
12699 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12705 =item B<interior_sequence()>
12711 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12723 =item B<initialize()>
12729 =item B<begin_pod()>
12735 =item B<begin_input()>
12741 =item B<end_input()>
12753 =item B<preprocess_line()>
12759 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
12765 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
12771 =item B<parse_text()>
12773 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
12774 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
12775 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
12781 =item B<interpolate()>
12787 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
12793 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
12799 =item B<parse_from_file()>
12805 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
12811 =item B<errorsub()>
12823 =item B<parseopts()>
12829 =item B<output_file()>
12835 =item B<output_handle()>
12841 =item B<input_file()>
12847 =item B<input_handle()>
12853 =item B<input_streams()>
12859 =item B<top_stream()>
12865 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12871 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
12877 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
12883 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
12891 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
12911 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
12924 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
12926 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
12932 =item OBJECT METHODS
12938 =item B<curr_headings()>
12950 =item B<add_selection()>
12956 =item B<clear_selections()>
12962 =item B<match_section()>
12968 =item B<is_selected()>
12974 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
12980 =item B<podselect()>
12982 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
12988 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12994 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
13000 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
13006 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
13018 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
13026 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
13030 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
13031 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
13032 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
13044 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
13060 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
13077 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
13078 text with format escapes
13092 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
13101 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
13110 =item Recommended Use
13118 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
13122 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
13130 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13136 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13140 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13144 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
13152 a new namespace, an operator mask
13158 =item RECENT CHANGES
13160 =item Methods in class Safe
13162 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13163 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13164 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13165 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13167 =item Some Safety Issues
13169 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13177 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
13185 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
13186 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
13194 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
13204 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
13214 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
13224 =item The __DATA__ token
13226 =item SelfLoader autoloading
13228 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
13230 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
13232 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
13234 =item Classes and inherited methods.
13238 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
13242 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
13252 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
13260 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
13261 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
13269 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
13270 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
13271 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
13272 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
13273 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
13277 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
13287 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
13291 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
13293 =item ERROR REPORTING
13301 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
13306 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
13307 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
13331 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
13345 =item Allowing fall-through
13347 =item Automating fall-through
13349 =item Higher-order Operations
13363 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
13373 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
13385 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
13386 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
13394 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
13395 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
13406 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
13407 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
13415 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
13416 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
13427 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
13437 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
13438 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
13449 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
13461 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
13469 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
13479 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
13480 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
13488 =item Minimal set of supported functions
13490 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
13491 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
13493 =item Additional supported functions
13495 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
13505 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
13515 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
13527 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
13537 =item The test script output
13539 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
13540 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
13541 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>
13549 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
13550 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
13551 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
13552 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
13556 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
13557 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
13568 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
13580 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
13590 =item General behaviour in list contexts
13594 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
13596 =item A note about prefixes
13598 =item C<extract_delimited>
13600 =item C<extract_bracketed>
13602 =item C<extract_tagged>
13604 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
13605 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
13607 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
13609 =item C<extract_quotelike>
13611 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
13613 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
13615 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
13617 =item C<extract_codeblock>
13619 =item C<extract_multiple>
13621 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
13627 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
13628 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
13629 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
13630 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
13631 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
13632 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
13633 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
13634 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
13635 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
13636 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
13637 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
13638 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
13643 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
13649 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
13664 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
13681 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
13696 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
13710 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
13723 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
13724 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
13725 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
13729 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
13737 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
13745 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
13747 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
13753 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
13761 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
13763 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
13767 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
13779 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
13789 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
13797 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
13798 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
13799 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
13800 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
13808 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
13817 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
13818 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
13819 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
13820 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
13822 =item MORE INFORMATION
13824 =item COMPATIBILITY
13828 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
13836 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
13837 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
13841 =item MORE INFORMATION
13845 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
13863 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
13872 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
13874 =item MORE INFORMATION
13878 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
13890 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday
13898 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
13899 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval ( $ref_to_gettimeofday [,
13900 $ref_to_later_gettimeofday] ), time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ), alarm
13901 ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer ( $which,
13902 $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer ( $which )
13916 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
13924 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13930 =head2 Time::Piece - Object Oriented time objects
13942 =item Local Locales
13944 =item Date Calculations
13946 =item Date Comparisons
13948 =item YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
13952 =item Global Overriding
13970 =head2 Time::Piece::Seconds, Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert
13971 seconds to other date values
13989 =head2 Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert seconds to other date values
14007 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
14022 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
14037 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
14049 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
14057 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
14058 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
14062 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
14077 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
14088 =item System Specifics
14102 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
14110 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
14112 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
14113 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
14114 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
14115 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
14116 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
14117 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
14118 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
14119 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
14120 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
14121 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
14122 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
14123 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
14124 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
14125 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
14126 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
14127 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
14133 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
14151 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
14163 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
14165 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
14166 don't all have manual pages yet:
14192 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles