4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qw/STRING/, qu/STRING/, qx/STRING/,
240 `STRING`, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
365 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
366 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
367 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
368 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
369 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qu/STRING/, qw/STRING/, qx/STRING/,
370 quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
371 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir
372 DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv
373 SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
374 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
375 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
376 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
377 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
378 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
379 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
380 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
381 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
382 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
383 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
384 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
385 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
386 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
387 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
388 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
389 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
390 study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
391 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
392 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
393 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
394 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
395 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
396 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
397 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
398 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
399 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
400 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
401 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
402 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
403 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
404 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
410 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
416 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
424 =item Making References
426 =item Using References
444 =item Distribution Conditions
450 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
456 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
457 more elaborate constructs
461 =item COMMON MISTAKES
463 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
465 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
471 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
475 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
477 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
479 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
483 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
487 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
489 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
491 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
495 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
499 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
501 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
503 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
507 =item HASHES OF HASHES
511 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
513 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
515 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
519 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
523 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
525 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
527 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
539 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
549 =item Simple word matching
551 =item Using character classes
553 =item Matching this or that
555 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
557 =item Extracting matches
559 =item Matching repetitions
563 =item Search and replace
565 =item The split operator
573 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
577 =item Acknowledgments
583 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
591 =item Verbatim Paragraph
593 =item Command Paragraph
595 =item Ordinary Block of Text
599 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
601 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
611 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
619 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
637 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
639 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
640 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
641 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
642 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
644 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
646 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
647 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
648 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
652 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
654 =item Numerical Traps
656 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
658 =item General data type traps
660 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
661 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
663 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
665 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
667 =item Precedence Traps
669 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
672 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
674 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
675 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
678 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
680 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
686 =item Interpolation Traps
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
689 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
695 =item Unclassified Traps
697 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
704 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
714 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
716 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
718 =item Location of Perl
720 =item Command Switches
722 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
723 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
724 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
725 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
726 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
727 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
734 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
735 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
736 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
740 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
748 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
756 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
758 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
760 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
764 =item Backward Compatibility
766 =item Category Hierarchy
770 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
782 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
790 =item Looking at data and -w and w
794 =item Stepping through code
796 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
798 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
816 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
822 =item The Perl Debugger
826 =item Debugger Commands
828 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
829 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
830 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
831 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
832 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
833 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
834 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
835 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
836 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
838 =item Configurable Options
840 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
841 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
842 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
843 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
844 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
845 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
847 =item Debugger input/output
849 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
852 =item Debugging compile-time statements
854 =item Debugger Customization
856 =item Readline Support
858 =item Editor Support for Debugging
860 =item The Perl Profiler
864 =item Debugging regular expressions
866 =item Debugging memory usage
874 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
882 =item Predefined Names
884 $ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
885 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
886 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
887 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
888 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
890 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
891 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
892 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
894 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
895 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
896 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
897 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
898 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
899 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
900 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
901 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
902 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
903 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
904 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
905 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
906 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
907 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
908 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
909 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
910 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
911 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
912 %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
914 =item Error Indicators
916 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
924 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
930 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
932 =item Growing Your Own
934 =item Access and Printing
944 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
950 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
960 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
966 =item Open E<agrave> la C
970 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
974 =item Obscure Open Tricks
978 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
980 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
984 =item Single Argument Open
986 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
990 =item Other I/O Issues
994 =item Opening Non-File Files
1004 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1010 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1016 =item Part 1: The basics
1020 =item Simple word matching
1022 =item Using character classes
1024 =item Matching this or that
1026 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1028 =item Extracting matches
1030 =item Matching repetitions
1032 =item Building a regexp
1034 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1038 =item Part 2: Power tools
1042 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1044 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1046 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1048 =item Non-capturing groupings
1050 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1052 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1054 =item Conditional expressions
1056 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1058 =item Pragmas and debugging
1066 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1070 =item Acknowledgments
1076 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1086 =item Regular Expressions
1088 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1090 =item Extended Patterns
1092 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1093 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1094 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1095 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1099 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1101 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1103 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1105 =item Combining pieces together
1107 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1108 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1109 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1110 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1112 =item Creating custom RE engines
1122 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1132 =item Making References
1134 =item Using References
1136 =item Symbolic references
1138 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1140 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1142 =item Function Templates
1152 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1160 =item Format Variables
1170 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1178 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1186 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1188 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1190 =item Invoking a barnyard
1192 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1194 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1196 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1198 =item A few notes about @ISA
1200 =item Overriding the methods
1202 =item Starting the search from a different place
1204 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1206 =item Where we're at so far...
1208 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1210 =item Invoking an instance method
1212 =item Accessing the instance data
1214 =item How to build a horse
1216 =item Inheriting the constructor
1218 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1220 =item Adding parameters to a method
1222 =item More interesting instances
1224 =item A horse of a different color
1236 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1242 =item Creating a Class
1246 =item Object Representation
1248 =item Class Interface
1250 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1252 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1256 =item Other Object Methods
1264 =item Accessing Class Data
1266 =item Debugging Methods
1268 =item Class Destructors
1270 =item Documenting the Interface
1280 =item Overridden Methods
1282 =item Multiple Inheritance
1284 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1288 =item Alternate Object Representations
1292 =item Arrays as Objects
1294 =item Closures as Objects
1298 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1302 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1304 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1308 =item Metaclassical Tools
1314 =item Data Members as Variables
1322 =item Object Terminology
1328 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1334 =item Acknowledgments
1340 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1346 =item Class Data in a Can
1348 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1352 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1354 =item Inheritance Concerns
1356 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1358 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1360 =item Monadic Classes
1362 =item Translucent Attributes
1366 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1370 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1372 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1374 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1376 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1378 =item Translucency Revisited
1386 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1388 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1394 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1402 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1404 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1406 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1408 =item Method Invocation
1412 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1414 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1420 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1428 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1434 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1436 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1438 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1440 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1442 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1444 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1446 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1448 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1450 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1452 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1458 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1470 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1475 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1476 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1477 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1478 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1483 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1484 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1485 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1487 =item Tying FileHandles
1489 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1490 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1495 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1507 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1508 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1524 =item Using open() for IPC
1530 =item Background Processes
1532 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1534 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1536 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1538 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1542 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1546 =item Internet Line Terminators
1548 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1550 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1554 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1558 =item A Simple Client
1560 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1562 =item A Webget Client
1564 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1568 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1570 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1572 =item UDP: Message Passing
1586 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1596 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1598 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1599 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1600 files, directories and network sockets
1602 =item Resource limits
1604 =item Killing the parent process
1606 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1608 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1610 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1611 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1612 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1624 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1632 =item Storing numbers
1634 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1636 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1638 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1639 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1640 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1649 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1655 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1657 =item Threaded Program Models
1669 =item Native threads
1671 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1673 =item Threadsafe Modules
1679 =item Basic Thread Support
1681 =item Creating Threads
1683 =item Giving up control
1685 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1687 =item Errors In Threads
1689 =item Ignoring A Thread
1693 =item Threads And Data
1697 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1699 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1701 =item Controlling access: lock()
1703 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1705 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1709 =item Threads And Code
1713 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1715 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1717 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1719 =item Subroutine Locks
1723 =item Locking A Subroutine
1727 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1731 =item What Thread Am I In?
1735 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1737 =item What Threads Are Running?
1741 =item A Complete Example
1749 =item Introductory Texts
1751 =item OS-Related References
1753 =item Other References
1757 =item Acknowledgements
1765 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1771 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1780 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1782 =item Files and Filesystems
1784 =item System Interaction
1786 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1788 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1790 =item Standard Modules
1794 =item Character sets and character encoding
1796 =item Internationalisation
1798 =item System Resources
1808 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1809 http://testers.cpan.org/
1817 =item DOS and Derivatives
1819 Build instructions for OS/2, L<perlos2>
1827 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1835 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1839 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1841 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1842 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1843 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1844 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1845 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1846 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1847 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1848 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1849 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1850 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1851 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1852 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1853 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1854 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1855 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1856 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1857 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1858 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1859 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1860 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair
1861 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat,
1862 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1863 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1864 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1865 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1871 v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999,
1872 v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May
1873 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December
1874 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August
1875 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998,
1878 =item Supported Platforms
1882 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1888 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1895 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1901 =item The use locale pragma
1903 =item The setlocale function
1905 =item Finding locales
1907 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1909 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1911 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1913 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1915 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1917 =item The localeconv function
1921 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1925 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1927 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1929 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1931 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1935 =item Other categories
1943 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1944 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1950 =item Backward compatibility
1952 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1954 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1956 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1958 =item Freely available locale definitions
1962 =item An imperfect standard
1970 =item Broken systems
1980 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1988 =item Important Caveat
1990 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1991 to enable a few features
1993 =item Byte and Character semantics
1995 =item Effects of character semantics
1997 =item Character encodings for input and output
2007 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2013 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2021 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2025 =item 13 variant characters
2035 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2037 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4
2039 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2053 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2055 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2057 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2059 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2067 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2069 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2071 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2073 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2077 =item TRANFORMATION FORMATS
2081 =item URL decoding and encoding
2083 =item uu encoding and decoding
2085 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2087 =item Caesarian cyphers
2091 =item Hashing order and checksums
2095 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2107 chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales
2125 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2133 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2135 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2137 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2141 =item Protecting Your Programs
2149 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2161 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2173 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2179 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2183 =item Pragmatic Modules
2185 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2186 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2187 perlio, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register
2189 =item Standard Modules
2191 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2192 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
2193 B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark,
2194 ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast,
2195 CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox,
2196 Carp, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle,
2197 Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2198 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed,
2199 ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2200 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2201 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
2202 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
2203 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob,
2204 File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc,
2205 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2206 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2207 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
2208 I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2209 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent,
2210 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find,
2211 Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils,
2212 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2213 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver,
2214 SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2215 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
2216 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
2217 Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2218 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent,
2221 =item Extension Modules
2227 Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, North America, South
2230 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2234 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2236 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
2237 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
2238 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
2239 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
2240 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
2241 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
2242 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
2243 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
2244 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
2245 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
2246 care when changing a released module
2248 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2250 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
2251 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
2252 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
2253 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
2255 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2263 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2273 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2274 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2288 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2298 =item What should I make into a module?
2300 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2302 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2304 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2306 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2307 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2308 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2310 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2312 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2313 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2323 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2324 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2334 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2336 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2338 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2340 =item What is perl6?
2342 =item How stable is Perl?
2344 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2346 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2349 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2351 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2353 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2355 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2357 =item What is a JAPH?
2359 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2361 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2362 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2366 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2370 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2371 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2379 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2381 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2383 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2385 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2388 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2389 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2391 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2392 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2394 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2396 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2398 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2400 =item Where should I post source code?
2404 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2406 =item Perl in Magazines
2408 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2410 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2412 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2414 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2416 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2418 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2422 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2426 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2435 =item How do I do (anything)?
2437 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2439 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2441 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2443 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2445 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2447 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2449 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2451 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2453 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2455 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2457 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2459 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2461 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2463 =item What is undump?
2465 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2467 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2469 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2471 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2473 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2475 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2477 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2479 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2481 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2483 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2485 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2487 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2489 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2491 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2493 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2494 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2496 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2499 =item What's MakeMaker?
2503 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2507 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2518 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2519 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2521 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2523 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2526 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2528 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2530 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2532 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2534 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2536 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2544 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2546 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2548 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2550 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2552 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2554 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2556 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2564 =item How do I validate input?
2566 =item How do I unescape a string?
2568 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2570 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2572 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2574 =item How do I reverse a string?
2576 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2578 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2580 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2582 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2584 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2587 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2589 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2590 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2592 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2594 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2596 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2598 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2600 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2602 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2604 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2606 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2607 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2616 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2618 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2620 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2624 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2626 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2627 intersection of two arrays?
2629 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2631 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2633 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2635 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2637 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2639 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2641 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2643 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2645 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2647 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2649 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2653 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2657 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2659 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2662 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2664 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2666 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2668 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2670 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2672 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2674 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2676 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2678 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2680 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2682 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2685 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2686 array of hashes or arrays?
2688 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2696 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2698 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2700 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2702 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2704 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2706 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2708 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2712 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2716 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2725 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2727 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2728 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2730 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2732 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2734 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2736 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2737 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2739 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2741 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2743 =item How can I write() into a string?
2745 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2747 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2749 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2751 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2753 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2755 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2757 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2759 =item How can I lock a file?
2761 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2763 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2764 the file. How can I do this?
2766 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2768 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2770 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2772 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2774 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2776 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2778 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2780 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2782 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2784 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2786 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2788 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2789 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2791 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2793 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2794 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2796 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2798 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2802 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2806 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2814 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2815 and unmaintainable code?
2817 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2819 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2821 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2824 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2826 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2829 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2831 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2833 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2835 =item What is C</o> really for?
2837 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2840 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2842 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2844 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2846 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2848 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2850 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2852 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2854 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2856 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2858 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2860 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2862 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2864 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2868 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2872 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2873 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2881 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2883 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2886 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2889 =item How do I skip some return values?
2891 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2893 =item What's an extension?
2895 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2897 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2899 =item How do I create a module?
2901 =item How do I create a class?
2903 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2905 =item What's a closure?
2907 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2909 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2912 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2915 =item How do I create a static variable?
2917 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2918 Between local() and my()?
2920 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2923 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2925 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2927 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2929 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2931 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2933 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2935 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2937 =item How can I find out my current package?
2939 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2941 =item How do I clear a package?
2943 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2947 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2951 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2960 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2962 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2964 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
2966 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
2968 =item How do I print something out in color?
2970 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
2972 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
2974 =item How do I clear the screen?
2976 =item How do I get the screen size?
2978 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
2980 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
2982 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
2984 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
2986 =item How do I start a process in the background?
2988 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
2990 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
2992 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
2994 =item How do I set the time and date?
2996 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
2998 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3000 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3002 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3003 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3005 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3007 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3009 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3011 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3013 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3015 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3017 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3019 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3021 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3023 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3026 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3028 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3030 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3032 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3035 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3036 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3037 changes to be visible?
3041 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3044 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3046 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3048 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3050 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3052 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3054 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3056 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3058 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3060 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3062 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3064 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3066 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3069 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3071 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3075 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3079 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3088 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3091 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3093 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3095 =item How do I extract URLs?
3097 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3098 file on another machine?
3100 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3102 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3104 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3106 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3108 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3110 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3112 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3114 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3115 CGI script to do bad things?
3117 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3119 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3121 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3123 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3125 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3127 =item How do I send mail?
3129 =item How do I read mail?
3131 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3133 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3135 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3137 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3141 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3145 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3155 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3159 =item Using The Back Ends
3163 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3167 =item The Decompiling Back End
3169 =item The Lint Back End
3171 =item The Simple C Back End
3173 =item The Bytecode Back End
3175 =item The Optimized C Back End
3177 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3178 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3179 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3183 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3189 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3199 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3200 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3204 =item Compiling your C program
3206 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3208 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3210 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3212 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3214 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3216 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3218 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3220 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3225 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3235 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3241 =item Debugger Internals
3245 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3249 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3251 =item Debugging regular expressions
3255 =item Compile-time output
3257 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3258 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3259 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3262 =item Types of nodes
3264 =item Run-time output
3268 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3272 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3274 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3275 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3278 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3280 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3282 =item B<-DL> details
3286 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3294 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3306 =item Version caveat
3308 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3320 =item What has gone on?
3322 =item Writing good test scripts
3326 =item What's new here?
3328 =item Input and Output Parameters
3330 =item The XSUBPP Program
3332 =item The TYPEMAP file
3334 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3338 =item What has happened here?
3340 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3342 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3344 =item More about XSUB arguments
3346 =item The Argument Stack
3348 =item Extending your Extension
3350 =item Documenting your Extension
3352 =item Installing your Extension
3356 =item New Things in this Example
3360 =item New Things in this Example
3362 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3364 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3366 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3368 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3384 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3396 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3398 =item The Argument Stack
3400 =item The RETVAL Variable
3402 =item The MODULE Keyword
3404 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3406 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3408 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3410 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3412 =item The CODE: Keyword
3414 =item The INIT: Keyword
3416 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3418 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3420 =item Default Parameter Values
3422 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3424 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3426 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3428 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3430 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3432 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3434 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3436 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3438 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3440 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3442 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3444 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3446 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3448 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3450 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3452 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3454 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3456 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3458 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3460 =item The CASE: Keyword
3462 =item The & Unary Operator
3464 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3466 =item Using XS With C++
3468 =item Interface Strategy
3470 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3484 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3494 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3496 =item File Operations
3498 =item File Input and Output
3500 =item File Positioning
3502 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3504 =item Character Class Tests
3506 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3508 =item Miscellaneous functions
3516 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3528 =item What is an "IV"?
3530 =item Working with SVs
3534 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3536 =item Working with AVs
3538 =item Working with HVs
3540 =item Hash API Extensions
3544 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3546 =item Creating New Variables
3548 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3550 =item Stashes and Globs
3552 =item Double-Typed SVs
3554 =item Magic Variables
3556 =item Assigning Magic
3558 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3562 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3564 =item Localizing changes
3566 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3567 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP
3568 *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char
3569 *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void
3570 *p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>,
3571 C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV
3572 *gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32
3573 maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>,
3574 C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3582 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3584 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3586 =item Memory Allocation
3590 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3594 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3604 =item Examining the tree
3606 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3608 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3610 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3612 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3616 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3618 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3622 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3624 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3626 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3630 =item Internal Functions
3632 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, m, o, j, x
3636 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3638 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3640 =item Source Documentation
3644 =item Unicode Support
3648 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3650 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3652 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3654 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3656 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3658 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3668 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3674 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3676 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3678 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3698 =item Determining the Context
3702 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3708 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3710 =item Passing Parameters
3712 =item Returning a Scalar
3714 =item Returning a list of values
3716 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3718 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3722 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3726 =item Using call_argv
3728 =item Using call_method
3732 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3734 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3736 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3737 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3740 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3742 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3754 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3764 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3765 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3766 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3767 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3771 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3775 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3776 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3784 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3794 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3796 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3798 B<Decryption Filters>
3800 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3802 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3804 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3816 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3824 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3825 B<filter_fetch_value>
3831 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3833 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3843 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3849 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3850 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3851 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv,
3852 CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS,
3853 dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS,
3854 get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
3855 gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY,
3856 G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
3857 HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear,
3858 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3859 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3860 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3861 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
3862 ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
3863 mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB,
3864 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf,
3865 newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto,
3866 Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc,
3867 perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
3868 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn,
3869 POPp, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew,
3870 Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP,
3871 SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE,
3872 StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp,
3873 SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV,
3874 SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
3875 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off,
3876 SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen,
3877 SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV,
3878 SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED,
3879 SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV, SVt_NV,
3880 SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8,
3881 SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
3882 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
3883 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec,
3884 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
3885 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy,
3886 sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
3887 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3888 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3889 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3890 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_true,
3891 sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
3892 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn,
3893 sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length,
3894 utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uv, utf8_to_uv_simple, uv_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi,
3895 XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV,
3896 XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES,
3897 XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION,
3898 XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3906 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3913 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3914 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, start_glob
3922 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3932 =item History and Background
3934 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3936 =item Data Structures
3938 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
3939 data for a particular handle
3941 =item Functions and Attributes
3943 1. Opening and setup functions, 2. Basic IO operations, 3. Stdio class
3944 buffering options, 4. Functions to support Perl's traditional "fast" access
3947 =item Per-instance Data
3949 =item Layers in action.
3951 =item Per-instance flag bits
3953 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
3954 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
3955 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
3956 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
3958 =item Methods in Detail
3960 IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Fdopen)(PerlIO_funcs
3961 *tab, int fd, const char *mode);, PerlIO * (*Open)(PerlIO_funcs *tab,
3962 const char *path, const char *mode);, int (*Reopen)(const char
3963 *path, const char *mode, PerlIO *f);, IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO
3964 *f,const char *mode,const char *arg,STRLEN len);, IV
3965 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t
3966 count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);,
3967 SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV
3968 (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t offset, int whence);, Off_t
3969 (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3970 (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3971 (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void
3972 (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);,
3973 STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);, Size_t
3974 (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
3975 (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR
3980 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
3982 =item Extension Layers
3990 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
3998 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
3999 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4000 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4001 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4002 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4003 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4004 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4005 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4006 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4007 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4008 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4012 =item Co-existence with stdio
4014 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4015 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4017 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4019 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4020 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4021 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4022 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4024 =item Other Functions
4026 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4027 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4033 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4039 =item Infrastructure
4043 =item Mailing list archives
4045 =item Bug tracking system
4047 =item Regression Tests
4049 Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to
4070 Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs
4074 =item Perl Internals
4080 =item Garbage Collection
4082 =item Reliable signals
4084 Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed
4085 sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN
4087 =item Interpolated regex performance bugs
4089 =item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
4091 =item Make XS easier to use
4093 =item Make embedded Perl easier to use
4095 =item Namespace cleanup
4107 =item A clear division into tutorial and reference
4109 =item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions
4111 =item More tutorials
4113 Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging
4115 =item Include a search tool
4117 =item Include a locate tool
4119 =item Separate function manpages by default
4121 =item Users can't find the manpages
4123 =item Install ALL Documentation
4125 =item Outstanding issues to be documented
4127 =item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
4129 =item Replace man with a perl program
4131 =item Unicode tutorial
4139 =item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2
4141 =item Module versions
4149 VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice
4151 =item Procedural options
4155 =item y2k localtime/gmtime
4157 =item Export File::Find variables
4161 =item Debugger attach/detach
4163 =item Regular Expression debugger
4165 =item Alternative RE Syntax
4167 =item Bundled modules
4173 =item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
4189 =item POSIX on non-POSIX
4191 =item Portable installations
4199 =item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
4201 =item Sort out the spawnvp() mess
4203 =item Work out DLL versioning
4209 =item Would be nice to have
4211 C<pack "(stuff)*">, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled
4212 perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format
4213 BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input
4214 should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun
4215 debugger, lvalue functions
4217 =item Possible pragmas
4229 =item constant function cache
4231 =item foreach(reverse...)
4233 =item Cache eval tree
4237 =item Shrink opcode tables
4239 =item Cache hash value
4241 =item Optimize away @_ where possible
4243 =item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
4245 =item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization
4249 =item Vague possibilities
4251 ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?,
4252 Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real
4253 threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al
4255 =item To Do Or Not To Do
4259 =item Making my() work on "package" variables
4261 =item "or" testing defined not truth
4263 =item "dynamic" lexicals
4265 =item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals"
4281 =item External threads
4287 =item Per-thread GVs
4299 =item Precompiled modules
4303 =item Typed lexicals
4313 =item Cached compilation
4317 =item Recently Finished Tasks
4321 =item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
4327 =item Namespace cleanup
4339 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4345 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4346 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4347 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4348 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4349 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4350 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4351 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4355 =item Keeping in sync
4357 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4358 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4359 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4360 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4362 =item Submitting patches
4364 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4365 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4367 =item Finding Your Way Around
4369 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4371 =item Elements of the interpreter
4373 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4375 =item Internal Variable Types
4381 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4383 =item Millions of Macros
4385 =item Poking at Perl
4387 =item Using a source-level debugger
4389 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4390 finish, 'enter', print
4392 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4398 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4402 =item Rational Software's Purify
4404 =item Purify on Unix
4406 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4410 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4414 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4422 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4430 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4442 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4444 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4448 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4452 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4458 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4460 =item Incompatible Changes
4462 =item Core Enhancements
4464 =item Modules and Pragmata
4470 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4474 =item Utility Changes
4476 =item New Documentation
4478 =item Performance Enhancements
4480 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4484 =item Generic Improvements
4488 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4492 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4496 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4498 =item Changed Internals
4500 =item Known Problems
4504 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4506 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4508 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4510 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4512 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4514 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4516 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4518 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4520 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4522 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4524 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4528 =item Reporting Bugs
4536 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4542 =item Core Enhancements
4546 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4548 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4550 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4552 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4554 =item "our" declarations
4556 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4558 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4560 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4562 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4564 =item open() with more than two arguments
4566 =item 64-bit support
4568 =item Large file support
4574 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4576 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4578 =item File globbing implemented internally
4580 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4582 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4584 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4586 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4588 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4590 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4592 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4594 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4596 =item Comments in pack() templates
4598 =item Weak references
4600 =item Binary numbers supported
4602 =item Lvalue subroutines
4604 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4606 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4608 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4610 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4612 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4614 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4616 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4618 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4620 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4622 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4624 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4626 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4628 =item Improved diagnostics
4630 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4632 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4634 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4636 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4638 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4640 =item Improved security features
4642 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4644 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4646 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4648 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4650 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4652 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4654 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
4658 =item Modules and Pragmata
4664 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
4665 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
4666 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
4667 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
4668 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
4669 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
4670 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
4671 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
4677 =item Utility Changes
4691 =item The Perl Debugger
4695 =item Improved Documentation
4697 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
4698 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
4699 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
4700 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
4702 =item Performance enhancements
4706 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
4708 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
4710 =item Faster subroutine calls
4712 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
4716 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4720 =item -Dusethreads means something different
4722 =item New Configure flags
4724 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
4730 =item -Duselargefiles
4732 =item installusrbinperl
4738 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
4742 =item Platform specific changes
4746 =item Supported platforms
4750 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
4758 =item Significant bug fixes
4762 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
4764 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
4766 =item All compilation errors are true errors
4768 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
4770 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
4772 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
4774 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
4776 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
4778 =item Failures in DESTROY()
4780 =item Locale bugs fixed
4784 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
4786 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
4788 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
4790 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
4794 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4796 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
4797 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
4798 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
4799 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
4800 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
4801 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
4802 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
4803 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
4804 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
4805 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
4806 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
4807 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
4808 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
4809 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
4810 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
4811 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
4812 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
4813 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
4814 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
4815 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
4816 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
4817 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
4818 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
4819 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
4820 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
4821 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
4822 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
4823 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
4824 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
4825 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
4826 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
4827 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
4828 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
4829 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
4830 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
4831 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
4832 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
4833 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
4834 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
4835 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
4836 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
4837 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
4838 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
4839 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
4840 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
4841 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
4842 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
4843 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
4844 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
4845 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
4849 =item Incompatible Changes
4853 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
4855 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
4856 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
4857 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
4858 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
4859 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
4860 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
4861 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
4862 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
4863 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
4864 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
4865 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
4867 =item C Source Incompatibilities
4869 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
4871 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
4873 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
4875 =item Binary Incompatibilities
4879 =item Known Problems
4883 =item Thread test failures
4885 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
4887 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
4889 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
4891 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
4894 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
4896 =item Arrow operator and arrays
4898 =item Experimental features
4900 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
4901 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
4902 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
4906 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
4908 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
4909 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
4910 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
4911 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
4913 =item Reporting Bugs
4921 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
4927 =item About the new versioning system
4929 =item Incompatible Changes
4933 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
4935 =item Default installation structure has changed
4937 =item Perl Source Compatibility
4939 =item C Source Compatibility
4941 =item Binary Compatibility
4943 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
4945 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
4959 =item Regular Expressions
4961 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
4962 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
4963 improvements, Incompatible changes
4965 =item Improved malloc()
4967 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
4969 =item Reliable signals
4971 =item Reliable stack pointers
4973 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
4977 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
4979 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
4981 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
4983 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
4985 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
4987 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
4989 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
4991 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
4993 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
4995 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
4997 =item Better locale support
4999 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5001 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5003 =item Extended support for exception handling
5005 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5007 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5009 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5011 =item New C<lock> keyword
5013 =item New C<qr//> operator
5015 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5017 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5019 =item Tied handles support is better
5021 =item 4th argument to substr
5023 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5025 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5027 =item <> now reads in records
5031 =item Supported Platforms
5037 =item Changes in existing support
5041 =item Modules and Pragmata
5047 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5048 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5049 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5051 =item Changes in existing modules
5053 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5054 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark
5058 =item Utility Changes
5060 =item Documentation Changes
5062 =item New Diagnostics
5064 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5065 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5066 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5067 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5068 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5069 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5070 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5071 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5072 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5073 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5074 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5075 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5076 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5077 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5078 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5079 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5080 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5082 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5084 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5085 temporary file, regexp too big
5087 =item Configuration Changes
5097 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5103 =item Supported Environments
5109 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5111 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5113 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5115 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5117 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5119 =item More precise warnings
5121 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5123 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5125 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5127 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5129 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5131 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5133 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5135 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5137 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5139 =item Changes to tainting checks
5141 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5142 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5144 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5146 =item Embedding improvements
5148 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5150 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5152 =item New and changed syntax
5156 =item New and changed builtin constants
5160 =item New and changed builtin variables
5164 =item New and changed builtin functions
5166 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5167 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5168 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5169 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5170 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5172 =item New builtin methods
5174 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5176 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5178 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5179 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5181 =item Malloc enhancements
5183 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5185 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5189 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5205 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5206 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5212 =item Required Updates
5214 =item Installation directories
5216 =item Module information summary
5230 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5234 =item Utility Changes
5240 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5244 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5248 =item C Language API Changes
5250 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5253 =item Documentation Changes
5255 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5256 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5258 =item New Diagnostics
5260 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5261 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5262 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5263 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5264 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5265 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5266 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5267 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5268 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5269 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5270 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5271 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5272 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5273 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5274 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5275 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5276 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5277 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5278 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5279 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5280 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5281 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5282 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5283 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5284 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5294 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5302 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5306 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5308 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5310 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5312 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5318 =item GDBM and Threads
5320 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5330 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5346 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5348 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5350 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5356 =item Accessing documentation
5364 =item B<GNU> C<info> files
5376 =item Getting the perl source
5380 sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib
5384 =item Installing the built perl
5394 =head2 perlbs2000, README.posix-bc - building and installing Perl for
5419 =item Floating point anomalies
5437 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5447 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5449 =item Cygwin Configuration
5451 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5459 =item Strip Binaries
5461 =item Optional Libraries
5463 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5464 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5466 =item Configure-time Options
5468 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5469 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5471 =item Suspicious Warnings
5473 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5491 =item File Permissions
5495 =item Filetime Granularity
5497 =item Tainting Checks
5501 =item Script Portability
5503 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5511 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5512 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5522 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5530 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5532 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5536 =item IO Redirection
5546 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5550 =item SUPPORT STATUS
5558 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5567 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5577 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5579 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5581 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5583 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5589 =item GDBM and Threads
5591 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5593 =item perl -P and //
5603 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
5612 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
5614 =item Failures during C<make test>
5616 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
5618 =item Building external modules
5628 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
5636 =item System Requirements
5638 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
5640 =item Distribution Contents Highlights
5642 README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6
5644 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
5646 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
5648 =item Change History
5652 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
5672 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
5674 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
5676 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
5680 =item Frequently asked questions
5684 =item I cannot run external programs
5686 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
5689 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
5692 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
5694 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
5702 =item Automatic binary installation
5704 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
5706 =item Manual binary installation
5708 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
5709 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
5710 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
5711 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
5712 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
5718 =item Accessing documentation
5722 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
5730 =item GNU C<info> files
5744 =item Getting perl source
5746 =item Application of the patches
5754 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
5755 F<lib/io_pipe.t>, F<lib/io_sock.t>, F<op/stat.t>, F<lib/io_udp.t>
5757 =item Installing the built perl
5759 =item C<a.out>-style build
5767 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
5769 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
5771 =item Problems with tr or sed
5773 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
5775 =item Library ... not found
5777 =item Segfault in make
5779 =item op/sprintf test failure
5783 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
5787 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
5791 =item C<extproc> on the first line
5793 =item Additional modules:
5795 =item Prebuilt methods:
5797 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
5798 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
5799 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
5800 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
5801 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
5802 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>
5808 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<flock>
5822 =item F<perl___.exe>
5824 =item Why strange names?
5826 =item Why dynamic linking?
5828 =item Why chimera build?
5830 explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|"
5838 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
5840 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
5842 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
5844 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
5846 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
5848 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
5858 =item DLL name mangling
5862 =item Calls to external programs
5864 =item Memory allocation
5868 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
5882 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
5894 =item Setup and utilities
5898 =item Build, test, install
5900 =item build anomalies
5902 =item testing anomalies
5904 =item installation anomalies
5908 =item Floating point anomalies
5910 =item Modules and Extensions
5928 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
5936 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
5942 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
5948 =item File Extraction Problems.
5950 =item Compiler and Related Tools.
5956 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
5960 =item 64-bit Issues.
5964 =item Malloc Issues.
5968 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
5970 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
5971 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
5972 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
5978 =item op/stat.t test 4
5982 =item PREBUILT BINARIES.
5984 =item RUNTIME ISSUES.
5988 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files.
5992 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
5994 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
5998 =item Proc::ProcessTable
6012 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6024 =item Setup and utilities
6028 - Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There's a bug in
6029 the compiler (APAR PQ18812) that generates some bad code the
6030 optimizer is on, - As VM/ESA doesn't fully support the fork() API programs
6031 relying on this call will not work. I've replaced fork()/exec() with
6032 spawn() and the standalone exec() with spawn(). This has a side
6033 effect when opening unnamed pipes in a shell script: there is no child
6034 process generated under
6036 =item testing anomalies
6040 When using perl on VM/ESA please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII
6041 character sets are different. Perl builtin functions that may behave
6042 differently under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod document.
6058 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6066 =item Organization of Perl Images
6072 =item Perl Extensions
6074 =item Installing static extensions
6076 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6080 =item File specifications
6086 =item Wildcard expansion
6092 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6098 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6100 =item Command line switches
6106 =item Perl functions
6108 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6109 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6110 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6111 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6113 =item Perl variables
6115 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|
6117 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6131 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6139 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6143 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6147 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6149 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6153 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6157 =item Unimplemented Features
6163 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6171 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6173 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6185 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6195 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6205 =item Built-in Attributes
6207 locked, method, lvalue
6209 =item Available Subroutines
6213 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6215 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6217 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6225 =item Default exports
6227 =item Available exports
6229 =item Export tags defined
6239 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6251 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6267 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6281 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6295 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6308 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6317 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6323 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6333 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6343 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6354 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6356 =item The I<splain> Program
6370 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6384 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6394 =item subpragma access
6400 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
6411 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
6421 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
6431 =item Adding directories to @INC
6433 =item Deleting directories from @INC
6435 =item Restoring original @INC
6445 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
6456 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
6464 =item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY
6470 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
6482 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
6492 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
6494 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
6496 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
6498 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
6500 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
6502 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
6504 =item Overloadable Operations
6506 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
6507 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
6508 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
6510 =item Inheritance and overloading
6512 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
6513 is inherited by derived classes
6517 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
6525 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
6527 =item Copy Constructor
6533 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
6535 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
6536 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
6537 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
6540 =item Losing overloading
6542 =item Run-time Overloading
6544 =item Public functions
6546 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
6548 =item Overloading constants
6550 integer, float, binary, q, qr
6552 =item IMPLEMENTATION
6554 =item Metaphor clash
6560 =item Two-face scalars
6562 =item Two-face references
6564 =item Symbolic calculator
6566 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
6574 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
6575 type, `%s' is not a code reference
6581 =head2 perlio - perl pragma to configure C level IO
6593 =item Defaults and how to override them
6601 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6611 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
6623 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
6625 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
6629 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
6633 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
6641 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
6649 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
6653 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
6663 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
6676 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code
6688 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
6698 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
6706 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
6707 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
6708 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
6709 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
6710 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
6714 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
6716 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
6718 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
6728 =item DBM Comparisons
6738 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
6748 =item Subroutine Stubs
6750 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6752 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6754 =item Package Lexicals
6756 =item Not Using AutoLoader
6758 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
6768 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
6776 $keep, $check, $modtime
6780 =item Multiple packages
6788 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
6796 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
6800 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
6808 IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv
6822 =item B::PVMG METHODS
6826 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
6828 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
6830 =item B::PVLV METHODS
6832 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
6836 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
6840 is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE,
6841 FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
6845 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
6846 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
6850 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
6854 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
6859 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
6861 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
6865 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
6867 =item B::UNOP METHOD
6871 =item B::BINOP METHOD
6875 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
6879 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
6883 =item B::PMOP METHODS
6885 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
6887 =item B::SVOP METHOD
6891 =item B::PADOP METHOD
6895 =item B::PVOP METHOD
6899 =item B::LOOP METHODS
6901 redoop, nextop, lastop
6903 =item B::COP METHODS
6905 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
6909 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
6911 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
6912 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
6913 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM),
6914 hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
6920 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
6933 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
6945 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
6957 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
6967 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
6968 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
6969 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> Stores package in the
6980 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
6990 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
6991 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7001 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7011 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7012 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7013 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7025 =item Context of ".."
7029 =item Deprecated features
7037 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7047 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7048 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7049 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7051 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7053 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7054 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7055 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7056 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7057 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7058 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7059 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7060 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7066 =item OP flags abbreviations
7068 =item OP class abbreviations
7076 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7088 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7098 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7099 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7101 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7121 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7133 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7141 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7143 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7144 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7146 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7156 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7166 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7172 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7184 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7196 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7198 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7210 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7220 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7228 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7240 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7254 =item Standard Exports
7256 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7257 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7258 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7260 =item Optional Exports
7262 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7263 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7264 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7280 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7284 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7298 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7308 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7309 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7310 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> Stores package in the
7321 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7333 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7335 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7337 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7339 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7341 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7343 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7345 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7347 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7349 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7351 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7353 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7355 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7357 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7359 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7361 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7363 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7365 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7367 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7368 B<:standard>, B<:all>
7372 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls,
7373 -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles
7375 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
7377 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
7378 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
7383 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
7387 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
7389 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
7391 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
7393 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
7395 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
7397 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
7399 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
7401 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
7402 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
7404 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
7408 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
7412 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
7414 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
7416 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
7418 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
7420 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
7422 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
7423 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
7425 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
7429 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
7433 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
7435 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
7437 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
7439 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
7443 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
7445 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
7447 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
7451 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
7453 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
7457 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
7461 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
7465 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
7469 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
7473 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
7475 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
7477 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
7481 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
7485 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
7491 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
7492 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
7494 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
7496 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
7497 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
7500 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
7506 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
7510 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
7512 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
7513 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
7514 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
7515 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
7516 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
7518 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
7520 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
7525 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end()
7527 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
7529 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
7530 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
7532 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
7534 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7538 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
7539 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
7540 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
7541 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
7542 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
7543 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
7544 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
7545 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
7546 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
7547 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
7548 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
7549 ...and many many more..
7551 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
7559 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
7569 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7577 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
7586 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
7588 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
7592 =item Changing the default message
7596 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
7606 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
7614 =item USING CGI::Cookie
7616 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
7620 =item Creating New Cookies
7622 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
7624 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
7626 =item Manipulating Cookies
7628 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
7632 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7640 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
7648 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
7650 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
7652 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
7654 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
7658 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7666 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
7676 =item Tags that won't be formatted
7678 =item Customizing the Indenting
7690 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
7698 =item USING CGI::Push
7700 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
7704 =item Heterogeneous Pages
7706 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
7710 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
7712 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7720 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
7730 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7738 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
7748 =item Interactive Mode
7750 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
7751 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
7752 distribution, ls author, Signals
7760 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
7762 =item Programmer's interface
7764 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
7766 =item Methods in the other Classes
7768 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
7769 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
7770 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
7771 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
7772 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
7773 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
7774 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
7775 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
7776 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
7777 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
7778 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
7779 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
7780 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
7781 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
7782 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
7783 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
7784 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
7785 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
7786 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
7787 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
7788 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
7789 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
7790 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
7791 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
7792 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
7793 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
7801 =item Finding packages and VERSION
7805 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
7811 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
7812 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
7813 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
7814 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
7818 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
7820 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
7828 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
7830 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
7834 =item Three basic types of firewalls
7836 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
7838 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
7844 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
7856 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
7866 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
7879 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
7889 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
7897 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
7899 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
7909 =item The C<struct()> function
7911 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
7913 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
7915 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
7916 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
7918 =item Initializing with C<new>
7924 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
7926 =item Author and Modification History
7930 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
7938 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
7950 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
7954 C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>,
7955 C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>,
7956 C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk>
7960 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
7961 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
7965 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
7966 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
7967 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
7968 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>
7972 C<CONFIGDOTSH>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>,
7973 C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>,
7974 C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
7978 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
7979 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
7980 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
7981 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
7982 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>,
7983 C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
7984 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
7985 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
7986 C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
7987 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
7988 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_fork>,
7989 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>,
7990 C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>,
7991 C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>,
7992 C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
7993 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getlogin>,
7994 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
7995 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
7996 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
7997 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>,
7998 C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
7999 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>,
8000 C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>, C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>,
8001 C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
8002 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>,
8003 C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>,
8004 C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>,
8005 C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>,
8006 C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>,
8007 C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
8008 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
8009 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>,
8010 C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
8011 C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
8012 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
8013 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
8014 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
8015 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
8016 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>,
8017 C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>,
8018 C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>,
8019 C<d_readlink>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
8020 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
8021 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
8022 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
8023 C<d_semop>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>,
8024 C<d_sethent>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>,
8025 C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>,
8026 C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
8027 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
8028 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
8029 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
8030 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>,
8031 C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_statblks>,
8032 C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>,
8033 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
8034 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
8035 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
8036 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
8037 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
8038 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>,
8039 C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
8040 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>,
8041 C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
8042 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
8043 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
8044 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
8045 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>,
8046 C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8050 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8051 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8055 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8056 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
8060 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8061 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8065 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8069 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8070 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8071 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8072 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
8073 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
8074 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8075 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8076 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8077 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8078 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8079 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8080 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8081 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8082 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8083 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8084 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8085 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8086 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8087 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8088 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8089 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8090 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8091 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8096 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8100 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8101 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8102 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8103 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8104 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8105 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8109 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8110 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8111 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8115 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8116 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8120 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8121 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8122 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8123 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8127 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8128 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8132 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8137 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8138 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8139 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8140 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8144 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8148 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8149 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm>
8153 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8154 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8155 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8156 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8157 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8158 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8159 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8160 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8161 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8162 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8163 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8164 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8165 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8166 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8170 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
8171 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8175 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8176 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8177 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8178 C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>,
8179 C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>,
8180 C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>,
8181 C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>,
8182 C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>,
8183 C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8187 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8188 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8189 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8193 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8205 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
8215 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8227 =item Global Variables
8229 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8230 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8235 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8236 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8238 =item Client Callback Methods
8240 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8241 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8242 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8252 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8260 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8264 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8266 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8268 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8270 =item Default Parameters
8272 =item In Memory Databases
8280 =item A Simple Example
8288 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8290 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8292 =item The get_dup() Method
8294 =item The find_dup() Method
8296 =item The del_dup() Method
8298 =item Matching Partial Keys
8306 =item The 'bval' Option
8308 =item A Simple Example
8310 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8312 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8313 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
8315 =item Another Example
8319 =item THE API INTERFACE
8321 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8322 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8323 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
8324 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
8328 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
8329 B<filter_fetch_value>
8335 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
8337 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
8341 =item HINTS AND TIPS
8345 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
8347 =item Safe ways to lock a database
8349 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
8351 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
8353 =item The untie() Gotcha
8357 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
8361 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
8363 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
8365 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
8367 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
8387 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
8388 printing and C<eval>
8400 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
8401 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
8402 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
8409 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
8411 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8412 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8413 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8414 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8415 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8416 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8417 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8418 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8419 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8420 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8421 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8422 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
8442 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
8450 =item PROFILE FORMAT
8462 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
8472 =item Memory footprint debugging
8480 =item A simple scalar string
8482 =item A simple scalar number
8484 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
8486 =item A reference to a simple scalar
8488 =item A reference to an array
8490 =item A reference to a hash
8492 =item Dumping a large array or hash
8494 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
8496 =item A reference to a subroutine
8510 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
8520 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
8530 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
8542 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
8543 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
8544 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
8549 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
8550 veryCompact, set, get
8556 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
8564 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
8565 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
8566 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
8567 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
8574 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
8587 =head2 Encode - character encodings
8597 =item chars With Encoding
8599 =item Testing For UTF-8
8601 =item Toggling UTF-8-ness
8603 =item UTF-16 and UTF-32 Encodings
8605 =item Handling Malformed Data
8609 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
8610 of the Encode extension
8616 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8624 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
8630 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8638 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
8651 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
8666 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
8682 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
8694 =item Selecting What To Export
8696 =item Specialised Import Lists
8698 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
8700 =item Module Version Checking
8702 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
8704 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
8710 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
8720 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
8741 mv source... destination
8743 cp source... destination
8761 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
8773 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
8774 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
8784 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
8794 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
8806 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
8807 packlist(), version()
8815 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
8823 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
8829 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
8839 =item VMS implementation
8841 =item Win32 implementation
8849 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
8858 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
8862 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
8873 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
8885 =item Preloaded methods
8905 =item SelfLoaded methods
8951 file_name_is_absolute
8957 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
8997 maybe_command_in_dirs
9035 replace_manpage_separator
9049 test_via_harness (o)
9079 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9090 =item Methods always loaded
9102 =item SelfLoaded methods
9104 guess_name (override)
9108 find_perl (override)
9112 maybe_command (override)
9114 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
9116 perl_script (override)
9118 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9120 replace_manpage_separator
9122 init_others (override)
9124 constants (override)
9128 const_cccmd (override)
9130 pm_to_blib (override)
9132 tool_autosplit (override)
9134 tool_sxubpp (override)
9136 xsubpp_version (override)
9138 tools_other (override)
9148 top_targets (override)
9152 dynamic_lib (override)
9154 dynamic_bs (override)
9156 static_lib (override)
9158 manifypods (override)
9160 processPL (override)
9162 installbin (override)
9168 realclean (override)
9170 dist_basics (override)
9172 dist_core (override)
9176 dist_test (override)
9180 perldepend (override)
9186 test_via_harness (override)
9188 test_via_script (override)
9190 makeaperl (override)
9194 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9221 test_via_harness (o)
9223 tool_autosplit (override)
9241 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
9251 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
9253 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
9261 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
9265 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
9267 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
9269 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
9271 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
9273 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
9274 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
9275 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
9276 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
9277 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
9278 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
9279 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
9280 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
9281 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
9282 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
9283 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
9284 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
9285 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
9286 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
9287 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
9289 =item Additional lowercase attributes
9291 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
9294 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
9296 =item Hintsfile support
9298 =item Distribution Support
9300 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
9301 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
9302 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
9304 =item Disabling an extension
9318 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
9330 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
9334 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
9335 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
9339 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
9347 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
9359 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
9369 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
9378 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
9386 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
9398 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
9406 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
9416 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
9428 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
9438 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
9442 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
9450 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
9454 C<basename>, C<dirname>
9458 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
9468 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
9482 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
9492 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
9494 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
9504 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
9512 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
9524 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
9532 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
9533 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>,
9534 C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
9540 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
9548 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>, C<GLOB_NOSORT>,
9549 C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>, C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>
9553 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
9561 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
9573 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
9587 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
9621 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
9639 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
9667 file_name_is_absolute
9687 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
9697 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
9729 file_name_is_absolute
9751 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
9767 =item Methods always loaded
9769 canonpath (override)
9787 case_tolerant (override)
9791 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9793 splitpath (override)
9809 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
9839 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
9863 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
9877 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
9887 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
9895 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
9903 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
9905 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
9917 =item Temporary files and NFS
9929 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
9943 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
9955 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
9963 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
9969 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
9993 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
9999 use Filter::Util::Call ;
10005 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10009 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10011 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10019 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10021 =item Example 2: Using the context
10023 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10025 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10035 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
10043 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
10053 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
10069 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
10077 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
10079 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
10083 =item Simple options
10085 =item A little bit less simple options
10087 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
10089 =item Options with values
10091 =item Options with multiple values
10093 =item Options with hash values
10095 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
10097 =item Options with multiple names
10099 =item Case and abbreviations
10101 =item Summary of Option Specifications
10103 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
10107 =item Advanced Possibilities
10111 =item Object oriented interface
10113 =item Documentation and help texts
10115 =item Storing options in a hash
10119 =item The lonesome dash
10121 =item Argument call-back
10125 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
10127 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
10128 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
10129 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
10130 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
10131 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
10133 =item Return values and Errors
10139 =item Default destinations
10141 =item Alternative option starters
10143 =item Configuration variables
10147 =item Trouble Shooting
10151 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
10153 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
10160 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
10164 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
10175 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
10186 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
10196 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
10204 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10205 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10215 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10225 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10229 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10237 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
10247 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10251 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10252 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10253 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10254 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10266 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10276 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10280 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10290 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10300 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10301 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10311 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
10319 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10320 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10327 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
10337 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10341 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10342 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10343 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10353 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
10367 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
10368 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
10378 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
10394 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10407 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
10421 hostpath(), peerpath()
10431 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
10440 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10441 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10451 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10461 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10465 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10473 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
10484 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10488 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10489 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10490 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10491 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10503 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10513 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10517 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10527 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10537 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10538 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10548 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
10557 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10558 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10565 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
10576 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10580 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10581 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10582 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10592 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
10607 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
10608 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
10618 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
10619 AF_INET domain sockets
10635 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10648 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
10649 AF_UNIX domain sockets
10663 hostpath(), peerpath()
10673 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10683 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10684 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10695 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
10709 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
10722 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
10732 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10733 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10734 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10745 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
10763 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10773 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10774 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10785 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
10796 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10797 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10798 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10809 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
10817 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
10826 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
10834 Canonical notation, Input, Output
10838 =item Autocreating constants
10846 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
10859 =item STRINGIFICATION
10863 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
10869 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
10871 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
10879 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
10887 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
10893 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
10895 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
10899 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
10901 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
10905 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
10907 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
10909 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
10910 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
10914 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES
10924 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
10930 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
10936 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
10940 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
10944 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
10956 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
10957 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
10967 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
10984 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
11001 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
11016 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
11033 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
11043 =item IMPLEMENTATION
11049 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
11055 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11061 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11065 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11069 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
11081 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
11083 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
11084 or optag, an operator set (opset)
11086 =item Opcode Functions
11088 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
11089 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
11090 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
11093 =item Manipulating Opsets
11095 =item TO DO (maybe)
11101 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
11103 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
11104 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
11105 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
11114 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
11123 a new namespace, an operator mask
11129 =item RECENT CHANGES
11131 =item Methods in class Safe
11133 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
11134 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
11135 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
11136 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
11138 =item Some Safety Issues
11140 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
11148 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
11161 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
11175 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
11176 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
11177 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
11178 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
11179 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
11180 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
11181 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
11182 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
11183 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
11184 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
11185 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
11186 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
11187 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
11188 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
11189 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
11190 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
11191 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
11192 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
11193 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
11194 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
11195 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
11196 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
11197 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
11198 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
11199 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
11206 =item POSIX::SigAction
11210 =item POSIX::SigSet
11212 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
11214 =item POSIX::Termios
11216 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
11217 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
11218 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
11219 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
11220 values, c_oflag field values
11224 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
11228 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
11232 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
11290 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
11296 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
11302 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
11314 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
11315 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
11316 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
11317 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
11318 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
11319 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
11320 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
11321 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
11326 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
11327 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, No numeric
11328 argument for =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item
11329 paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one> vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped
11330 C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument
11331 for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME
11336 collapsing newlines to blanks, ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in
11337 link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains
11350 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
11352 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
11355 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
11357 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
11359 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
11361 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
11363 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
11371 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
11383 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
11385 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
11392 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
11398 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
11400 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
11407 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
11419 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
11429 backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile,
11430 libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title,
11445 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
11458 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
11459 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
11465 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
11489 =item B<was_cutting()>
11495 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
11501 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
11507 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11513 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
11519 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11525 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
11531 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
11537 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
11543 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
11549 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
11555 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
11561 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11567 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
11573 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
11579 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
11585 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11591 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
11597 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
11603 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
11609 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
11615 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
11621 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
11627 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
11633 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
11639 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
11645 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
11651 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
11657 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11663 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
11675 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
11687 =item OBJECT METHODS
11695 =item Data Accessors
11711 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
11713 B<StartWithNewPage>
11727 =item Subclassed methods
11741 B<interior_sequence>
11757 =item Methods for headings
11765 =item Internal methods
11771 B<_replace_special_chars>
11777 B<_clean_latex_commands>
11793 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
11801 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
11806 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
11807 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
11808 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
11809 line %d, Unmatched =back
11819 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
11833 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
11841 $list-E<gt>indent()
11849 $list-E<gt>parent()
11855 =item Pod::Hyperlink
11857 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
11861 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
11863 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
11867 $link-E<gt>warning()
11869 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
11875 $link-E<gt>alttext()
11885 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
11891 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
11895 =item Pod::Cache::Item
11897 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
11901 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
11903 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
11905 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
11907 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
11909 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
11911 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
11913 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
11923 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
11935 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
11937 =item PARSING OPTIONS
11939 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
11940 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
11946 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
11954 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
11960 =item B<verbatim()>
11962 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
11968 =item B<textblock()>
11970 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
11976 =item B<interior_sequence()>
11982 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
11994 =item B<initialize()>
12000 =item B<begin_pod()>
12006 =item B<begin_input()>
12012 =item B<end_input()>
12024 =item B<preprocess_line()>
12030 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
12036 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
12042 =item B<parse_text()>
12044 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
12045 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
12046 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
12052 =item B<interpolate()>
12058 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
12064 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
12070 =item B<parse_from_file()>
12076 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
12082 =item B<errorsub()>
12094 =item B<parseopts()>
12100 =item B<output_file()>
12106 =item B<output_handle()>
12112 =item B<input_file()>
12118 =item B<input_handle()>
12124 =item B<input_streams()>
12130 =item B<top_stream()>
12136 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12142 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
12148 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
12154 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
12162 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
12182 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
12195 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
12197 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
12203 =item OBJECT METHODS
12209 =item B<curr_headings()>
12221 =item B<add_selection()>
12227 =item B<clear_selections()>
12233 =item B<match_section()>
12239 =item B<is_selected()>
12245 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
12251 =item B<podselect()>
12253 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
12259 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12265 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
12271 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
12277 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
12289 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
12297 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
12301 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
12302 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
12303 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
12315 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
12331 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
12348 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
12349 text with format escapes
12363 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
12372 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
12381 =item Recommended Use
12389 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
12393 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
12401 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12407 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12411 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12415 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
12423 a new namespace, an operator mask
12429 =item RECENT CHANGES
12431 =item Methods in class Safe
12433 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
12434 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
12435 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
12436 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
12438 =item Some Safety Issues
12440 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
12448 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
12458 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
12468 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
12478 =item The __DATA__ token
12480 =item SelfLoader autoloading
12482 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
12484 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
12486 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
12488 =item Classes and inherited methods.
12492 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
12496 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
12506 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
12514 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
12515 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
12523 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
12524 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
12525 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
12526 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
12527 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
12531 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
12541 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
12545 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
12547 =item ERROR REPORTING
12555 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
12560 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
12561 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
12585 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
12595 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
12607 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
12608 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
12616 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
12617 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
12628 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
12629 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
12637 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
12638 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
12649 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
12659 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
12660 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
12671 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
12683 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
12691 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
12701 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
12702 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
12710 =item Minimal set of supported functions
12712 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
12713 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
12715 =item Additional supported functions
12717 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
12725 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
12735 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
12747 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
12757 =item The test script output
12759 B<1..M>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
12760 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
12761 B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>
12769 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
12770 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
12771 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
12772 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
12784 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
12796 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
12811 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
12828 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
12843 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
12857 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
12868 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
12869 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
12870 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
12874 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
12882 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
12890 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
12892 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
12898 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
12906 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
12908 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
12912 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
12924 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
12934 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
12942 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
12943 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
12944 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
12945 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
12953 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
12962 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
12963 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
12964 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
12965 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
12967 =item MORE INFORMATION
12969 =item COMPATIBILITY
12973 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
12981 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
12982 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
12986 =item MORE INFORMATION
12990 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
13008 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
13017 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
13019 =item MORE INFORMATION
13023 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
13035 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
13043 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13049 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
13064 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
13079 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
13091 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
13099 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
13100 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
13104 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
13119 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
13130 =item System Specifics
13144 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
13152 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
13154 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
13155 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
13156 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
13157 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
13158 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
13159 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
13160 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
13161 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
13162 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
13163 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
13164 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
13165 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
13166 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
13167 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
13168 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
13169 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
13175 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
13187 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
13189 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
13190 don't all have manual pages yet:
13216 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles