4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
365 open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR
366 : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
367 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
368 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
369 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
370 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
371 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
372 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
373 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
374 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
375 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
376 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
377 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
378 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
379 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
380 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
381 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
382 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
383 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
384 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
385 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
386 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
387 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
388 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
389 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
390 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
391 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
392 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
393 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
394 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
395 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
396 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
397 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
398 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
399 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
400 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
401 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
402 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
403 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
404 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
410 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
416 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
424 =item Making References
426 =item Using References
444 =item Distribution Conditions
450 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
456 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
457 more elaborate constructs
461 =item COMMON MISTAKES
463 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
465 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
471 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
475 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
477 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
479 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
483 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
487 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
489 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
491 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
495 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
499 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
501 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
503 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
507 =item HASHES OF HASHES
511 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
513 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
515 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
519 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
523 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
525 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
527 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
539 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
549 =item Simple word matching
551 =item Using character classes
553 =item Matching this or that
555 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
557 =item Extracting matches
559 =item Matching repetitions
563 =item Search and replace
565 =item The split operator
573 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
577 =item Acknowledgments
583 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
591 =item Verbatim Paragraph
593 =item Command Paragraph
595 =item Ordinary Block of Text
599 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
601 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
611 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
619 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
637 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
639 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
640 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
641 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
642 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
644 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
646 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
647 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
648 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
652 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
654 =item Numerical Traps
656 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
658 =item General data type traps
660 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
661 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
663 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
665 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
667 =item Precedence Traps
669 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
672 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
674 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
675 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
678 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
680 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
686 =item Interpolation Traps
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
689 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
695 =item Unclassified Traps
697 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
704 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
714 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
716 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
718 =item Location of Perl
720 =item Command Switches
722 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
723 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
724 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
725 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
726 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
727 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
734 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
735 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
736 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
740 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
748 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
756 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
758 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
760 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
764 =item Backward Compatibility
766 =item Category Hierarchy
770 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
782 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
790 =item Looking at data and -w and w
794 =item Stepping through code
796 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
798 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
816 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
822 =item The Perl Debugger
826 =item Debugger Commands
828 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
829 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
830 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
831 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
832 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
833 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
834 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
835 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
836 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
838 =item Configurable Options
840 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
841 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
842 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
843 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
844 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
845 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
847 =item Debugger input/output
849 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
852 =item Debugging compile-time statements
854 =item Debugger Customization
856 =item Readline Support
858 =item Editor Support for Debugging
860 =item The Perl Profiler
864 =item Debugging regular expressions
866 =item Debugging memory usage
874 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
882 =item Predefined Names
884 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
885 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
886 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
887 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
888 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
890 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
891 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
892 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
894 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
895 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
896 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
897 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
898 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
899 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
900 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
901 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
902 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
903 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
904 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
905 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
906 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
907 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
908 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
909 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
910 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
911 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_,
912 %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
914 =item Error Indicators
916 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
924 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
932 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
934 =item Growing Your Own
936 =item Access and Printing
948 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
954 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
964 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
970 =item Open E<agrave> la C
974 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
978 =item Obscure Open Tricks
982 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
984 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
988 =item Single Argument Open
990 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
994 =item Other I/O Issues
998 =item Opening Non-File Files
1008 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1014 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1020 =item Part 1: The basics
1024 =item Simple word matching
1026 =item Using character classes
1028 =item Matching this or that
1030 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1032 =item Extracting matches
1034 =item Matching repetitions
1036 =item Building a regexp
1038 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1042 =item Part 2: Power tools
1046 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1048 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1050 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1052 =item Non-capturing groupings
1054 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1056 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1058 =item Conditional expressions
1060 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1062 =item Pragmas and debugging
1070 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1074 =item Acknowledgments
1080 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1090 =item Regular Expressions
1092 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1094 =item Extended Patterns
1096 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1097 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1098 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1099 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1103 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1105 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1107 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1109 =item Combining pieces together
1111 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1112 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1113 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1114 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1116 =item Creating custom RE engines
1126 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1136 =item Making References
1138 =item Using References
1140 =item Symbolic references
1142 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1144 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1146 =item Function Templates
1156 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1164 =item Format Variables
1174 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1182 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1190 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1192 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1194 =item Invoking a barnyard
1196 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1198 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1200 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1202 =item A few notes about @ISA
1204 =item Overriding the methods
1206 =item Starting the search from a different place
1208 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1210 =item Where we're at so far...
1212 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1214 =item Invoking an instance method
1216 =item Accessing the instance data
1218 =item How to build a horse
1220 =item Inheriting the constructor
1222 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1224 =item Adding parameters to a method
1226 =item More interesting instances
1228 =item A horse of a different color
1240 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1246 =item Creating a Class
1250 =item Object Representation
1252 =item Class Interface
1254 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1256 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1260 =item Other Object Methods
1268 =item Accessing Class Data
1270 =item Debugging Methods
1272 =item Class Destructors
1274 =item Documenting the Interface
1284 =item Overridden Methods
1286 =item Multiple Inheritance
1288 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1292 =item Alternate Object Representations
1296 =item Arrays as Objects
1298 =item Closures as Objects
1302 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1306 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1308 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1312 =item Metaclassical Tools
1318 =item Data Members as Variables
1326 =item Object Terminology
1332 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1338 =item Acknowledgments
1344 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1350 =item Class Data in a Can
1352 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1356 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1358 =item Inheritance Concerns
1360 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1362 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1364 =item Monadic Classes
1366 =item Translucent Attributes
1370 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1374 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1376 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1378 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1380 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1382 =item Translucency Revisited
1390 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1392 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1398 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1406 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1408 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1410 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1412 =item Method Invocation
1414 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1416 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1418 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1424 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1432 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1438 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1440 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1442 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1444 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1446 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1448 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1450 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1452 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1454 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1456 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1462 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1474 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1479 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1480 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1481 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1482 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1487 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1488 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1489 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1491 =item Tying FileHandles
1493 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1494 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1499 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1511 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1512 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1528 =item Using open() for IPC
1534 =item Background Processes
1536 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1538 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1540 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1542 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1546 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1550 =item Internet Line Terminators
1552 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1554 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1558 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1562 =item A Simple Client
1564 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1566 =item A Webget Client
1568 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1572 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1574 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1576 =item UDP: Message Passing
1590 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1600 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1602 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1603 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1604 files, directories and network sockets
1606 =item Resource limits
1608 =item Killing the parent process
1610 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1612 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1614 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1615 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1616 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1628 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1636 =item Storing numbers
1638 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1640 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1642 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1643 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1644 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1653 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1659 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1661 =item Threaded Program Models
1673 =item Native threads
1675 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1677 =item Threadsafe Modules
1683 =item Basic Thread Support
1685 =item Creating Threads
1687 =item Giving up control
1689 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1691 =item Errors In Threads
1693 =item Ignoring A Thread
1697 =item Threads And Data
1701 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1703 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1705 =item Controlling access: lock()
1707 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1709 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1713 =item Threads And Code
1717 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1719 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1721 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1723 =item Subroutine Locks
1727 =item Locking A Subroutine
1731 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1735 =item What Thread Am I In?
1739 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1741 =item What Threads Are Running?
1745 =item A Complete Example
1753 =item Introductory Texts
1755 =item OS-Related References
1757 =item Other References
1761 =item Acknowledgements
1769 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1775 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1784 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1786 =item Files and Filesystems
1788 =item System Interaction
1790 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1792 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1794 =item Standard Modules
1798 =item Character sets and character encoding
1800 =item Internationalisation
1802 =item System Resources
1812 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1813 http://testers.cpan.org/
1821 =item DOS and Derivatives
1829 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1837 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1841 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1843 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1844 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1845 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1846 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1847 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1848 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1849 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1850 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1851 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1852 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1853 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1854 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1855 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1856 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1857 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1858 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1859 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1860 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1861 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1862 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1863 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1864 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1865 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1866 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1867 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1873 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1874 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1875 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1876 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1877 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1878 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1880 =item Supported Platforms
1884 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1890 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1897 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1903 =item The use locale pragma
1905 =item The setlocale function
1907 =item Finding locales
1909 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1911 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1913 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1915 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1917 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1919 =item The localeconv function
1923 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1927 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1929 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1931 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1933 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1937 =item Other categories
1945 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1946 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1952 =item Backward compatibility
1954 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1956 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1958 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1960 =item Freely available locale definitions
1964 =item An imperfect standard
1972 =item Broken systems
1982 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1990 =item Important Caveats
1992 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1993 to enable a few features
1995 =item Byte and Character semantics
1997 =item Effects of character semantics
1999 =item Character encodings for input and output
2009 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2015 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2023 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2027 =item 13 variant characters
2035 =item Unicode and UTF
2039 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2041 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2043 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2057 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2059 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2061 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2063 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2071 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2073 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2075 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2077 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2081 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2085 =item URL decoding and encoding
2087 =item uu encoding and decoding
2089 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2091 =item Caesarian ciphers
2095 =item Hashing order and checksums
2099 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2111 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2131 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2139 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2141 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2143 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2147 =item Protecting Your Programs
2155 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2167 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2179 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2185 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2189 =item Pragmatic Modules
2191 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2192 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2193 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, unicode::distinct, utf8, vars, warnings,
2196 =item Standard Modules
2198 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2199 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2200 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2201 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2202 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2203 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2204 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2205 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2206 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2207 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2208 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS,
2209 ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2210 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2211 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2212 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2213 File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac,
2214 File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32,
2215 File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin,
2216 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
2217 I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants,
2218 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
2219 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex,
2220 Math::Trig, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent,
2221 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
2222 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
2223 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select,
2224 Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap,
2225 Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
2226 Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2227 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
2228 Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap,
2229 Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar,
2230 Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm,
2231 UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2233 =item Extension Modules
2245 =item Central America
2257 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2261 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2263 Adding a Copyright Notice
2265 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2267 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2275 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2285 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2286 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2300 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2310 =item What should I make into a module?
2312 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2314 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2316 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2318 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2319 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2320 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2322 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2324 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2325 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2335 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2336 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2346 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2348 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2350 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2352 =item What is perl6?
2354 =item How stable is Perl?
2356 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2358 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2361 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2363 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2365 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2367 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2369 =item What is a JAPH?
2371 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2373 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2374 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2378 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2382 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2383 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2391 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2393 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2395 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2397 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2400 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2401 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2403 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2404 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2406 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2408 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2410 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2412 =item Where should I post source code?
2416 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2418 =item Perl in Magazines
2420 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2422 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2424 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2426 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2428 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2430 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2434 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2438 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2447 =item How do I do (anything)?
2449 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2451 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2453 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2455 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2457 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2459 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2461 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2463 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2465 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2466 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2467 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2469 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2471 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2473 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2475 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2477 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2479 =item What is undump?
2481 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2483 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2485 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2487 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2489 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2491 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2493 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2495 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2497 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2499 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2501 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2503 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2505 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2507 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2509 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2510 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2512 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2515 =item What's MakeMaker?
2519 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2523 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2534 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2535 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2537 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2539 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2542 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2544 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2546 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2548 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2550 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2552 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2560 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2562 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2564 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2566 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2568 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2570 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2572 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2580 =item How do I validate input?
2582 =item How do I unescape a string?
2584 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2586 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2588 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2590 =item How do I reverse a string?
2592 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2594 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2596 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2598 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2600 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2603 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2605 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2606 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2608 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2610 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2612 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2614 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2616 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2618 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2620 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2622 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2623 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2632 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2634 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2636 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2640 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2642 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2643 intersection of two arrays?
2645 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2647 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2649 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2651 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2653 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2655 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2657 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2659 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2661 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2663 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2665 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2669 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2673 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2675 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2678 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2680 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2682 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2684 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2686 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2688 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2690 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2692 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2694 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2696 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2698 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2701 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2702 array of hashes or arrays?
2704 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2712 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2714 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2716 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2718 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2720 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2722 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2724 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2728 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2732 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2741 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2743 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2744 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2746 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2748 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2750 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2752 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2753 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2755 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2757 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2759 =item How can I write() into a string?
2761 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2763 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2765 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2767 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2769 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2771 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2773 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2775 =item How can I lock a file?
2777 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2779 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2780 the file. How can I do this?
2782 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
2783 file. Do I still have to use locking?
2785 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2787 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2789 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2791 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2793 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2795 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2797 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2799 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2801 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2803 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2805 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2807 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2808 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2810 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2812 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2813 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2815 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2817 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2821 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2825 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2833 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2834 and unmaintainable code?
2836 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2838 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2840 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2843 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2845 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2848 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2850 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2852 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2854 =item What is C</o> really for?
2856 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2859 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2861 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2863 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2865 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2867 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2869 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2871 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2873 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2875 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2877 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2879 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2881 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2883 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2887 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2891 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2892 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2900 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2902 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2905 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2908 =item How do I skip some return values?
2910 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2912 =item What's an extension?
2914 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2916 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2918 =item How do I create a module?
2920 =item How do I create a class?
2922 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2924 =item What's a closure?
2926 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2928 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2931 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2934 =item How do I create a static variable?
2936 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2937 Between local() and my()?
2939 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2942 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2944 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2946 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2948 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2950 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2952 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2954 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2956 =item How can I find out my current package?
2958 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2960 =item How do I clear a package?
2962 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2966 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2970 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2979 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2981 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2983 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
2985 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
2987 =item How do I print something out in color?
2989 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
2991 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
2993 =item How do I clear the screen?
2995 =item How do I get the screen size?
2997 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
2999 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3001 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3003 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3005 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3007 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3009 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3011 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3013 =item How do I set the time and date?
3015 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3017 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3019 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3021 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3022 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3024 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3026 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3028 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3030 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3032 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3034 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3036 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3038 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3040 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3042 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3045 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3047 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3049 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3051 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3054 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3055 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3056 changes to be visible?
3060 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3063 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3065 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3067 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3069 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3071 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3073 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3075 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3077 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3079 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3081 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3083 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3085 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3088 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3090 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3094 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3098 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3107 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3110 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3112 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3114 =item How do I extract URLs?
3116 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3117 file on another machine?
3119 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3121 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3123 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3125 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3127 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3129 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3131 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3133 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3134 CGI script to do bad things?
3136 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3138 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3140 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3142 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3144 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3146 =item How do I send mail?
3148 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3150 =item How do I read mail?
3152 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3154 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3156 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3158 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3162 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3166 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3176 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3180 =item Using The Back Ends
3184 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3188 =item The Decompiling Back End
3190 =item The Lint Back End
3192 =item The Simple C Back End
3194 =item The Bytecode Back End
3196 =item The Optimized C Back End
3198 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3199 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3200 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3204 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3210 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3220 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3221 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3225 =item Compiling your C program
3227 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3229 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3231 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3233 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3235 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3237 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3239 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3241 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3246 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3256 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3262 =item Debugger Internals
3266 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3270 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3272 =item Debugging regular expressions
3276 =item Compile-time output
3278 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3279 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3280 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3283 =item Types of nodes
3285 =item Run-time output
3289 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3293 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3295 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3296 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3299 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3301 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3303 =item B<-DL> details
3307 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3315 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3327 =item Version caveat
3329 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3341 =item What has gone on?
3343 =item Writing good test scripts
3347 =item What's new here?
3349 =item Input and Output Parameters
3351 =item The XSUBPP Program
3353 =item The TYPEMAP file
3355 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3359 =item What has happened here?
3361 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3363 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3365 =item More about XSUB arguments
3367 =item The Argument Stack
3369 =item Extending your Extension
3371 =item Documenting your Extension
3373 =item Installing your Extension
3377 =item New Things in this Example
3381 =item New Things in this Example
3383 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3385 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3387 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3389 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3405 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3417 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3419 =item The Argument Stack
3421 =item The RETVAL Variable
3423 =item The MODULE Keyword
3425 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3427 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3429 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3431 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3433 =item The CODE: Keyword
3435 =item The INIT: Keyword
3437 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3439 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3441 =item Default Parameter Values
3443 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3445 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3447 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3449 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3451 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3453 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3455 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3457 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3459 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3461 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3463 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3465 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3467 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3469 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3471 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3473 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3475 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3477 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3479 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3481 =item The CASE: Keyword
3483 =item The & Unary Operator
3485 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3487 =item Using XS With C++
3489 =item Interface Strategy
3491 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3505 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3515 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3517 =item File Operations
3519 =item File Input and Output
3521 =item File Positioning
3523 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3525 =item Character Class Tests
3527 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3529 =item Miscellaneous functions
3537 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3549 =item What is an "IV"?
3551 =item Working with SVs
3555 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3557 =item Working with AVs
3559 =item Working with HVs
3561 =item Hash API Extensions
3565 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3567 =item Creating New Variables
3569 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3571 =item Stashes and Globs
3573 =item Double-Typed SVs
3575 =item Magic Variables
3577 =item Assigning Magic
3579 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3583 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3585 =item Localizing changes
3587 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3588 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3589 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3590 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3591 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3592 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3593 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3594 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3595 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3596 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3604 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3606 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3608 =item Memory Allocation
3612 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3616 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3626 =item Examining the tree
3628 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3630 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3632 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3634 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3638 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3640 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3644 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3646 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3648 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3650 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3652 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3656 =item Internal Functions
3658 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3662 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3664 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3666 =item Source Documentation
3670 =item Unicode Support
3674 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3676 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3678 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3680 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3682 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3684 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3694 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3700 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3702 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3704 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3724 =item Determining the Context
3728 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3734 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3736 =item Passing Parameters
3738 =item Returning a Scalar
3740 =item Returning a list of values
3742 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3744 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3748 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3752 =item Using call_argv
3754 =item Using call_method
3758 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3760 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3762 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3763 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3766 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3768 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3780 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3790 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>, L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and
3791 L<pod2text|pod2text>, L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>,
3792 L<pod2usage|pod2usage>, L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>,
3793 L<splain|splain>, L<roffitall|roffitall>
3797 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3801 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3802 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3810 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3820 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3822 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3824 B<Decryption Filters>
3826 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3828 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3830 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3842 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3850 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3851 B<filter_fetch_value>
3857 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3859 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3869 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3875 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3876 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3877 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
3878 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
3879 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
3880 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME,
3881 GIMME_V, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
3882 gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY,
3883 G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
3884 HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear,
3885 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3886 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3887 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3888 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
3889 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
3890 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
3891 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
3892 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
3893 newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK,
3894 perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
3895 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn,
3896 POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
3897 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
3898 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
3899 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
3900 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
3901 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
3902 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
3903 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
3904 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
3905 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
3906 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV,
3907 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
3908 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
3909 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg,
3910 sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear,
3911 sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_getcwd,
3912 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len,
3913 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force,
3914 sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_realpath, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
3915 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3916 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3917 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3918 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
3919 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
3920 sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade,
3921 sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_vcatpvfn,
3922 sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni,
3923 utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr,
3924 utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
3925 XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
3926 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO,
3927 XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
3936 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3943 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3944 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, start_glob
3952 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3962 =item History and Background
3964 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3966 =item Data Structures
3968 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
3969 data for a particular handle
3971 =item Functions and Attributes
3973 =item Per-instance Data
3975 =item Layers in action.
3977 =item Per-instance flag bits
3979 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
3980 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
3981 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
3982 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
3984 =item Methods in Detail
3986 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
3987 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
3988 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
3989 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
3990 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
3991 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
3992 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3993 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3994 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3995 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
3996 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
3997 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
3998 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
3999 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4003 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4005 =item Extension Layers
4007 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4013 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4021 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4022 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4023 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4024 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4025 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4026 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4027 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4028 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4029 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4030 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4031 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4035 =item Co-existence with stdio
4037 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4038 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4040 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4042 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4043 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4044 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4045 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4047 =item Other Functions
4049 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4050 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4056 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4062 =item To do during 5.6.x
4066 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4068 =item Eliminate need for "use utf8";
4070 =item Autoload byte.pm
4072 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4074 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4076 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4078 =item Unicode case mappings
4080 =item Unicode regular expression character classes
4082 =item use Thread for iThreads
4084 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4086 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4088 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4090 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4092 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4094 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4096 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4098 =item Complete signal handling
4100 =item Out-of-source builds
4102 =item POSIX realtime support
4104 =item UNIX98 support
4108 =item Long double conversion
4112 =item Thread-safe regexes
4114 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4116 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4118 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4120 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4122 =item Custom opcodes
4124 =item spawnvp() on Win32
4126 =item DLL Versioning
4128 =item Introduce @( and @)
4130 =item Floating point handling
4132 =item IV/UV preservation
4134 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4136 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4138 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4140 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4142 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4144 =item Document Win32 choices
4146 =item Check new modules
4148 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4152 =item To do at some point
4156 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4158 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4160 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4162 =item bitfields in pack
4164 =item Cross compilation
4166 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4168 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4170 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4172 =item -i rename file when changed
4174 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4176 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4178 =item my sub foo { }
4180 =item One-pass global destruction
4182 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4184 =item Cache recently used regexps
4186 =item Re-entrant functions
4188 =item Cross-compilation support
4190 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4192 =item debugger pragma
4194 =item use less pragma
4196 =item switch structures
4198 =item Cache eval tree
4202 =item Shrink opcode tables
4204 =item Optimize away @_
4206 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4210 =item Prototype method calls
4212 =item Return context prototype declarations
4216 =item Garbage collection
4220 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4222 =item Rewrite perldoc
4224 =item Install .3p manpages
4226 =item Unicode tutorial
4228 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4230 =item Retargetable installation
4232 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4234 =item Rename Win32 headers
4236 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4238 =item Update sprintf documentation
4240 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4248 =item ref() in list context
4250 =item Make tr/// return histogram
4252 =item Compile to real threaded code
4254 =item Structured types
4256 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4258 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4262 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4264 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4268 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4270 =item Constant function cache
4272 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4280 =item Update guts documentation
4282 =item Add more tests
4284 =item Update auxiliary tools
4288 =item Recently done things
4292 =item Safe signal handling
4298 =item setitimer and getimiter
4300 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4302 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4304 =item Explicit switch statements
4312 =item perlcc to produce executable
4314 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4316 =item Secure temporary file module
4318 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4320 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4322 =item Mmap for input
4324 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4326 =item Add sockatmark support
4328 =item Mailing list archives
4332 =item Integrate MacPerl
4334 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4336 =item Regular expression tutorial
4338 =item Debugging Tutorial
4340 =item Integrate new modules
4342 =item Integrate profiler
4344 =item Y2K error detection
4346 =item Regular expression debugger
4350 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4352 =item Cache precompiled modules
4356 =item Deprecated Wishes
4360 =item Loop control on do{}
4362 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4368 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4370 =item Named prototypes
4372 =item Built-in globbing
4374 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4376 =item Cached hash values
4378 =item Add compression modules
4380 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4382 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4384 =item Make XS easier to use
4386 =item Make embedding easier to use
4390 =item my $Package::variable
4392 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4394 =item "class"-based lexicals
4398 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4404 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4410 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4411 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4412 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4413 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4414 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4415 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4416 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4420 =item Keeping in sync
4422 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4423 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4424 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4425 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4427 =item Submitting patches
4429 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4430 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4432 =item Finding Your Way Around
4434 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4436 =item Elements of the interpreter
4438 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4440 =item Internal Variable Types
4446 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4448 =item Millions of Macros
4450 =item Poking at Perl
4452 =item Using a source-level debugger
4454 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4455 finish, 'enter', print
4457 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4463 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4467 =item Rational Software's Purify
4469 =item Purify on Unix
4471 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4475 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4477 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4479 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4481 =item Gprof Profiling
4483 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4485 =item Pixie Profiling
4487 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4492 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4500 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4508 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4520 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4522 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4526 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4530 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4536 =item Reporting Bugs
4544 =head2 perl572delta, perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
4550 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4552 =item Incompatible Changes
4554 =item Future Deprecations
4556 =item Core Enhancements
4558 =item Modules and Pragmata
4564 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4568 =item Performance Enhancements
4570 =item Utility Changes
4572 =item New Documentation
4574 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4578 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4580 =item Generic Improvements
4584 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4588 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4592 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4594 =item Changed Internals
4598 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
4604 =item Known Problems
4608 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4610 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4612 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4614 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4618 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4620 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4622 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4624 =item Failure of Thread tests
4626 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4628 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4630 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4632 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4636 =item Reporting Bugs
4644 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4650 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4652 =item Incompatible Changes
4654 =item Core Enhancements
4658 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
4660 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
4662 =item Signals Are Now Safe
4666 =item Modules and Pragmata
4672 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4676 =item Performance Enhancements
4678 =item Utility Changes
4680 =item New Documentation
4696 =item README.solaris
4700 =item Porting/repository.pod
4704 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4708 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4710 =item Generic Improvements
4712 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4713 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4714 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4718 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4722 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4726 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4728 =item Changed Internals
4732 =item Known Problems
4736 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4738 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4740 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4742 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4746 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4748 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4750 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4752 =item Failure of Thread tests
4754 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4756 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4758 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4760 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4764 =item Reporting Bugs
4772 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4778 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4780 =item Incompatible Changes
4782 =item Core Enhancements
4784 =item Modules and Pragmata
4790 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4794 =item Utility Changes
4796 =item New Documentation
4798 =item Performance Enhancements
4800 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4804 =item Generic Improvements
4808 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4812 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4816 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4818 =item Changed Internals
4820 =item Known Problems
4824 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4826 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4828 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4830 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4832 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4834 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4836 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4838 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4840 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4842 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4846 =item Reporting Bugs
4854 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4860 =item Core Enhancements
4864 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4866 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4868 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4870 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4872 =item "our" declarations
4874 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4876 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4878 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4880 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4882 =item open() with more than two arguments
4884 =item 64-bit support
4886 =item Large file support
4892 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4894 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4896 =item File globbing implemented internally
4898 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4900 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4902 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4904 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4906 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4908 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4910 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4912 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4914 =item Comments in pack() templates
4916 =item Weak references
4918 =item Binary numbers supported
4920 =item Lvalue subroutines
4922 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4924 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4926 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4928 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4930 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4932 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4934 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4936 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4938 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4940 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4942 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4944 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4946 =item Improved diagnostics
4948 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4950 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4952 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4954 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4956 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4958 =item Improved security features
4960 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4962 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4964 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4966 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4968 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4970 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4972 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
4976 =item Modules and Pragmata
4982 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
4983 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
4984 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
4985 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
4986 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
4987 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
4988 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
4989 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
4995 =item Utility Changes
5009 =item The Perl Debugger
5013 =item Improved Documentation
5015 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5016 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5017 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5018 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5020 =item Performance enhancements
5024 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5026 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5028 =item Faster subroutine calls
5030 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5034 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5038 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5040 =item New Configure flags
5042 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5048 =item -Duselargefiles
5050 =item installusrbinperl
5056 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5060 =item Platform specific changes
5064 =item Supported platforms
5068 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5076 =item Significant bug fixes
5080 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5082 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5084 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5086 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5088 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5090 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5092 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5094 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5096 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5098 =item Locale bugs fixed
5102 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5104 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5106 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5108 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5112 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5114 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5115 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5116 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5117 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5118 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5119 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5120 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5121 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5122 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5123 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5124 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5125 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5126 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5127 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5128 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5129 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5130 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5131 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5132 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5133 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5134 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5135 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5136 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5137 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5138 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5139 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5140 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5141 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5142 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5143 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5144 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5145 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5146 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5147 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5148 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5149 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5150 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5151 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5152 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5153 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5154 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5155 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5156 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5157 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5158 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5159 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5160 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5161 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5162 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5163 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5167 =item Incompatible Changes
5171 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5173 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5174 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5175 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5176 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5177 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5178 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5179 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5180 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5181 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5182 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5183 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5185 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5187 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5189 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5191 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5193 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5197 =item Known Problems
5201 =item Thread test failures
5203 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5205 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5207 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5209 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5212 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5214 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5216 =item Experimental features
5218 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5219 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5220 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5224 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5226 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5227 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5228 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5229 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5231 =item Reporting Bugs
5239 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5245 =item About the new versioning system
5247 =item Incompatible Changes
5251 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5253 =item Default installation structure has changed
5255 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5257 =item C Source Compatibility
5259 =item Binary Compatibility
5261 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5263 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5277 =item Regular Expressions
5279 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5280 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5281 improvements, Incompatible changes
5283 =item Improved malloc()
5285 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5287 =item Reliable signals
5289 =item Reliable stack pointers
5291 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5295 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5297 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5299 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5301 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5303 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5305 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5307 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5309 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5311 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5313 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5315 =item Better locale support
5317 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5319 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5321 =item Extended support for exception handling
5323 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5325 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5327 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5329 =item New C<lock> keyword
5331 =item New C<qr//> operator
5333 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5335 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5337 =item Tied handles support is better
5339 =item 4th argument to substr
5341 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5343 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5345 =item <> now reads in records
5349 =item Supported Platforms
5355 =item Changes in existing support
5359 =item Modules and Pragmata
5365 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5366 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5367 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5369 =item Changes in existing modules
5371 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5372 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5376 =item Utility Changes
5378 =item Documentation Changes
5380 =item New Diagnostics
5382 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5383 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5384 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5385 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5386 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5387 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5388 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5389 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5390 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5391 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5392 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5393 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5394 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5395 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5396 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5397 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5398 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5400 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5402 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5403 temporary file, regexp too big
5405 =item Configuration Changes
5415 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5421 =item Supported Environments
5427 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5429 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5431 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5433 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5435 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5437 =item More precise warnings
5439 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5441 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5443 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5445 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5447 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5449 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5451 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5453 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5455 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5457 =item Changes to tainting checks
5459 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5460 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5462 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5464 =item Embedding improvements
5466 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5468 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5470 =item New and changed syntax
5474 =item New and changed builtin constants
5478 =item New and changed builtin variables
5482 =item New and changed builtin functions
5484 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5485 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5486 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5487 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5488 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5490 =item New builtin methods
5492 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5494 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5496 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5497 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5499 =item Malloc enhancements
5501 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5503 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5507 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5523 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5524 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5530 =item Required Updates
5532 =item Installation directories
5534 =item Module information summary
5548 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5552 =item Utility Changes
5558 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5562 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5566 =item C Language API Changes
5568 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5571 =item Documentation Changes
5573 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5574 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5576 =item New Diagnostics
5578 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5579 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5580 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5581 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5582 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5583 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5584 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5585 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5586 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5587 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5588 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5589 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5590 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5591 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5592 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5593 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5594 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5595 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5596 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5597 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5598 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5599 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5600 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5601 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5602 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5612 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5620 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5624 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5626 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5628 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5630 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5636 =item GDBM and Threads
5638 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5648 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
5658 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5672 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
5674 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5676 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5678 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5684 =item Accessing documentation
5688 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
5690 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
5692 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
5694 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
5698 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
5702 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
5704 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
5706 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
5708 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
5710 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
5720 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
5728 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
5730 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
5734 =item Contact Information
5740 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5750 =item gzip on BS2000
5752 =item bison on BS2000
5754 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
5756 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
5758 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
5760 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
5762 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
5764 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5766 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
5784 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5790 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
5794 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5796 =item Cygwin Configuration
5798 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5802 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
5806 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
5808 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
5810 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5811 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5813 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
5815 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5816 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5818 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
5820 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5824 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
5828 =item Warnings on Cygwin
5834 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
5838 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
5840 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
5842 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
5844 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
5846 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
5848 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
5850 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5854 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
5856 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
5858 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5859 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5861 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
5869 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
5881 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
5885 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
5887 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
5889 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
5891 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
5901 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5909 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5911 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
5913 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
5915 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5919 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
5921 =item PATH Names on Epoc
5923 =item Editors on Epoc
5925 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
5927 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
5929 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5933 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
5941 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5950 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5960 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5962 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
5964 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5966 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5968 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
5970 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
5972 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
5974 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
5976 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
5978 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
5980 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
5990 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
5998 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
6006 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
6015 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
6017 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
6019 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
6021 =item Building external modules on MachTen
6031 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6045 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
6051 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
6057 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6065 =item What's New in Perl ffor MPE/iX
6067 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
6069 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
6071 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6073 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
6075 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6076 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6078 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6082 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6084 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6086 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
6088 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
6090 =item Perl/iX Change History
6106 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
6118 =item Build new extensions
6122 =item Acknowledgements
6130 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6150 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6152 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6154 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6158 =item Frequently asked questions
6162 =item "It does not work"
6164 =item I cannot run external programs
6166 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6169 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6172 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6174 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6182 =item Automatic binary installation
6184 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6186 =item Manual binary installation
6188 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6189 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6190 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6191 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6192 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6198 =item Accessing documentation
6202 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6210 =item GNU C<info> files
6222 =item The short story
6226 =item Getting perl source
6228 =item Application of the patches
6236 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6239 =item Installing the built perl
6241 =item C<a.out>-style build
6249 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6251 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6253 =item Problems with tr or sed
6255 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6257 =item Library ... not found
6259 =item Segfault in make
6261 =item op/sprintf test failure
6265 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6269 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6273 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6275 =item Additional modules:
6277 =item Prebuilt methods:
6279 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6280 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6281 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6282 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6283 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6284 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6285 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6286 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6287 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6288 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6289 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6291 =item Prebuilt variables:
6293 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6299 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6302 =item Identifying DLLs
6304 =item Centralized management of resources
6320 =item F<perl___.exe>
6322 =item Why strange names?
6324 =item Why dynamic linking?
6326 =item Why chimera build?
6334 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6336 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6338 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6340 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6342 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6344 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6354 =item DLL name mangling
6358 =item Calls to external programs
6360 =item Memory allocation
6364 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6378 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6388 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
6390 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
6392 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
6394 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
6396 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6398 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6400 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6402 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
6404 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6406 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
6416 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
6424 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
6432 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX
6434 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
6436 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX
6438 =item QNX auxiliary files
6448 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
6458 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
6460 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
6462 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
6464 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
6468 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
6472 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
6484 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6492 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6498 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6504 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
6506 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
6508 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
6512 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6516 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6518 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
6520 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6524 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6526 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6527 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6528 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6534 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
6538 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
6540 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
6544 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
6548 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6550 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6554 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
6556 =item BSD::Resource on Solairs
6558 =item Net::SSLeay on Soalris
6568 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
6569 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
6577 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
6579 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
6581 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
6583 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
6585 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
6587 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
6591 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
6597 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6607 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
6609 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
6611 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
6613 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
6615 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
6625 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
6631 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6639 =item Organization of Perl Images
6645 =item Perl Extensions
6647 =item Installing static extensions
6649 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6653 =item File specifications
6659 =item Wildcard expansion
6665 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6671 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6673 =item Command line switches
6679 =item Perl functions
6681 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6682 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6683 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6684 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6686 =item Perl variables
6688 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
6690 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6704 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6712 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6716 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6720 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6722 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6726 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6730 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
6732 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
6736 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6744 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6746 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6758 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6768 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6778 =item Built-in Attributes
6780 locked, method, lvalue
6782 =item Available Subroutines
6786 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6788 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6790 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6798 =item Default exports
6800 =item Available exports
6802 =item Export tags defined
6812 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6824 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6840 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6854 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6868 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6881 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6890 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6896 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6906 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6916 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6927 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6929 =item The I<splain> Program
6943 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6957 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6967 =item subpragma access
6973 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
6984 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
6994 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
7004 =item Adding directories to @INC
7006 =item Deleting directories from @INC
7008 =item Restoring original @INC
7018 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
7029 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
7037 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
7039 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
7045 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
7057 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
7067 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
7069 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
7071 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
7073 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
7075 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
7077 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
7079 =item Overloadable Operations
7081 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
7082 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
7083 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
7085 =item Inheritance and overloading
7087 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
7088 is inherited by derived classes
7092 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
7100 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
7102 =item Copy Constructor
7108 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
7110 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
7111 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
7112 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
7115 =item Losing overloading
7117 =item Run-time Overloading
7119 =item Public functions
7121 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
7123 =item Overloading constants
7125 integer, float, binary, q, qr
7127 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7129 =item Metaphor clash
7135 =item Two-face scalars
7137 =item Two-face references
7139 =item Symbolic calculator
7141 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
7149 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
7150 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7156 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7166 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
7178 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
7180 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
7184 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
7188 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
7196 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
7204 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
7208 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
7218 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
7231 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
7242 =item Utility functions
7244 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
7245 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
7253 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
7263 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
7271 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
7272 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
7273 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
7274 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
7275 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
7279 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
7281 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
7283 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
7293 =item DBM Comparisons
7303 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
7313 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4]
7317 =item Typed lexicals
7319 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
7321 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
7323 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
7339 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7349 =item Subroutine Stubs
7351 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7353 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7355 =item Package Lexicals
7357 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7359 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7369 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7377 $keep, $check, $modtime
7381 =item Multiple packages
7389 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7397 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7401 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7409 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7423 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7427 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7429 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7431 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7433 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7437 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7441 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7442 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7446 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7447 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7451 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7455 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7460 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7462 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7466 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7468 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7472 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7476 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7480 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7484 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7486 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7488 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7492 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7496 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7500 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7502 redoop, nextop, lastop
7504 =item B::COP METHODS
7506 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7510 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7512 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7513 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7514 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
7515 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
7522 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7535 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7547 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7559 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7569 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7570 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7571 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7581 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7591 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7592 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7602 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7612 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7613 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7614 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7626 =item Context of ".."
7630 =item Deprecated features
7638 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7648 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7649 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7650 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7652 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7654 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7655 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7656 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7657 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7658 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7659 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7660 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7661 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7667 =item OP flags abbreviations
7669 =item OP class abbreviations
7673 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
7679 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7691 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7701 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7702 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7704 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7714 =item ambient_pragmas
7716 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
7728 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7740 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7748 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7750 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7751 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7753 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7763 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7773 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7779 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7791 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7803 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7805 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7817 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7827 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7835 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7847 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7861 =item Standard Exports
7863 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7864 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7865 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7867 =item Optional Exports
7869 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7870 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7871 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7887 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7891 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7905 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7915 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7916 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7917 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7927 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7939 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7941 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7943 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7945 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7947 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7949 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7951 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7953 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7955 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7957 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7959 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7961 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7963 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7965 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7967 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7969 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7971 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7973 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7974 B<:standard>, B<:all>
7978 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
7979 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
7982 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
7984 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
7985 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
7990 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
7994 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
7996 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
7998 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
8000 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
8002 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
8004 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
8006 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
8008 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
8009 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
8011 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
8015 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
8019 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
8021 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
8023 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
8025 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
8027 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
8029 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
8030 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
8032 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
8036 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
8040 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
8042 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
8044 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
8046 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
8050 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
8052 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
8054 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
8058 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
8060 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
8064 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
8068 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
8072 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
8076 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
8080 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
8082 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
8084 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
8088 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
8092 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
8098 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
8099 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
8101 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
8103 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
8104 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
8107 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
8113 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
8117 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
8119 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
8120 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
8121 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
8122 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
8123 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
8125 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
8127 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
8132 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
8134 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
8136 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
8137 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
8139 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
8141 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8145 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
8146 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
8147 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
8148 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
8149 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
8150 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
8151 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
8152 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
8153 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
8154 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
8155 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
8156 ...and many many more..
8158 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
8166 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
8176 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8184 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
8193 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
8195 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
8199 =item Changing the default message
8203 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
8213 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
8221 =item USING CGI::Cookie
8223 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
8227 =item Creating New Cookies
8229 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
8231 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
8233 =item Manipulating Cookies
8235 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
8239 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8247 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
8255 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
8257 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
8259 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
8261 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
8265 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8273 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
8283 =item Tags that won't be formatted
8285 =item Customizing the Indenting
8297 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
8305 =item USING CGI::Push
8307 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
8311 =item Heterogeneous Pages
8313 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
8317 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
8319 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8327 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
8337 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8345 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8353 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8359 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8369 =item Interactive Mode
8371 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8372 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8373 distribution, ls author, Signals
8381 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8383 =item Programmer's interface
8385 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8387 =item Methods in the other Classes
8389 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8390 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8391 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8392 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8393 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8394 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8395 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8396 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8397 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8398 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8399 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8400 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8401 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8402 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8403 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8404 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8405 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8406 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8407 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8408 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8409 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8410 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8411 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8412 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8413 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8414 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8422 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8426 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8432 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8433 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8434 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8435 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8439 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8441 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8449 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8451 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8455 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8457 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8459 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8465 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8477 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8487 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8500 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8510 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8518 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8520 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8530 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8531 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8532 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8534 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8542 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8552 =item The C<struct()> function
8554 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8556 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8558 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8559 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8561 =item Initializing with C<new>
8567 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8569 =item Author and Modification History
8573 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8581 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8593 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8597 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
8598 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
8599 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
8604 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8605 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8609 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8610 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8611 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8612 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
8613 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
8614 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8618 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8619 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8620 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8621 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8622 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>,
8623 C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>,
8624 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
8625 C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>,
8626 C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>,
8627 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>,
8628 C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>,
8629 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>,
8630 C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>,
8631 C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>,
8632 C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
8633 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
8634 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
8635 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
8636 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
8637 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
8638 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
8639 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
8640 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
8641 C<d_htonl>, C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
8642 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
8643 C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>,
8644 C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>,
8645 C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>,
8646 C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>,
8647 C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>,
8648 C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
8649 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
8650 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
8651 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
8652 C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
8653 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
8654 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
8655 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
8656 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
8657 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>,
8658 C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>,
8659 C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>,
8660 C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_realpath>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>,
8661 C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>,
8662 C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>,
8663 C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
8664 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
8665 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
8666 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
8667 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
8668 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
8669 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
8670 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
8671 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
8672 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>,
8673 C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
8674 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
8675 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
8676 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
8677 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
8678 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>,
8679 C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>,
8680 C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>,
8681 C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
8682 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
8683 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
8684 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
8685 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>,
8686 C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>,
8687 C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>,
8688 C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>,
8689 C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
8690 C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>, C<db_version_patch>,
8691 C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
8692 C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8696 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8697 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8701 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8702 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
8707 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8708 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8712 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8716 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8717 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8718 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8719 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
8720 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
8721 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8722 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8723 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8724 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8725 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8726 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8727 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8728 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8729 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8730 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8731 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8732 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8733 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8734 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8735 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8736 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8737 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8738 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8743 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8747 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8748 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8749 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8750 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8751 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8752 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8756 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8757 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8758 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8762 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8763 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8767 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8768 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8769 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8770 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8774 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8775 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8779 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8780 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
8784 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8785 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8786 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8787 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8791 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8795 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8796 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
8800 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8801 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8802 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8803 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8804 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8805 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8806 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8807 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8808 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8809 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8810 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8811 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8812 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8813 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8817 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
8818 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8822 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8823 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8824 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8825 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
8826 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
8827 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
8828 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
8829 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
8830 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8834 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8835 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8836 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8840 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8844 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
8856 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
8866 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8878 =item Global Variables
8880 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8881 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8886 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8887 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8889 =item Client Callback Methods
8891 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8892 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8893 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8903 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8911 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8915 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8917 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8919 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8921 =item Default Parameters
8923 =item In Memory Databases
8931 =item A Simple Example
8939 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8941 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8943 =item The get_dup() Method
8945 =item The find_dup() Method
8947 =item The del_dup() Method
8949 =item Matching Partial Keys
8957 =item The 'bval' Option
8959 =item A Simple Example
8961 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8963 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8964 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
8967 =item Another Example
8971 =item THE API INTERFACE
8973 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8974 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8975 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
8976 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
8980 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
8981 B<filter_fetch_value>
8987 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
8989 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
8993 =item HINTS AND TIPS
8997 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
8999 =item Safe ways to lock a database
9001 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
9003 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
9005 =item The untie() Gotcha
9009 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
9013 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
9015 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
9017 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
9019 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
9039 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
9040 printing and C<eval>
9052 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
9053 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
9054 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
9061 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
9063 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9064 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9065 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9066 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9067 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9068 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9069 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9070 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9071 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9072 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9073 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9074 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
9094 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
9102 =item PROFILE FORMAT
9114 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
9124 =item Memory footprint debugging
9132 =item A simple scalar string
9134 =item A simple scalar number
9136 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
9138 =item A reference to a simple scalar
9140 =item A reference to an array
9142 =item A reference to a hash
9144 =item Dumping a large array or hash
9146 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
9148 =item A reference to a subroutine
9162 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
9172 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
9180 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
9184 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
9185 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
9186 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9194 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9204 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9208 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
9209 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9221 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
9233 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
9245 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
9246 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
9247 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
9252 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
9253 veryCompact, set, get
9259 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9267 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
9268 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
9269 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
9270 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
9277 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
9290 =head2 Encode - character encodings
9308 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
9310 =item Types of Encodings
9312 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
9313 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
9315 =item Specifying Encodings
9317 1. By name, 2. As an object
9319 =item Encoding Names
9321 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
9322 The name used by the the organization that defined it
9326 =item PERL ENCODING API
9330 =item Generic Encoding Interface
9332 =item Handling Malformed Data
9334 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
9338 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
9340 =item Listing available encodings
9342 =item Defining Aliases
9344 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
9347 =item Defining Encodings
9351 =item Encoding and IO
9353 =item Encoding How to ...
9355 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
9356 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
9358 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
9360 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
9362 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
9364 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
9365 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9369 =item Compiled Encodings
9371 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9372 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9380 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9381 of the Encode extension
9387 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9395 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9397 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9403 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9411 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9424 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9439 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9455 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9467 =item Selecting What To Export
9469 =item Specialised Import Lists
9471 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9473 =item Module Version Checking
9475 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9477 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9483 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9493 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9514 mv source... destination
9516 cp source... destination
9534 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
9544 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, PVN, YES, NO, UNDEF
9554 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
9556 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
9558 return_clause VALUE, TYPE, INDENT, MACRO, DEFAULT, PRE, POST, PRE, POST
9560 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
9566 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
9569 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9571 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
9573 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
9574 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9582 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
9594 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
9595 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
9605 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
9615 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
9627 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
9628 packlist(), version()
9636 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
9644 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
9650 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
9660 =item VMS implementation
9662 =item Win32 implementation
9670 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9679 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9683 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9710 test_via_harness (o)
9712 tool_autosplit (override)
9730 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9745 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9757 =item Preloaded methods
9777 =item SelfLoaded methods
9823 file_name_is_absolute
9829 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9869 maybe_command_in_dirs
9907 replace_manpage_separator
9921 test_via_harness (o)
9953 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9964 =item Methods always loaded
9976 =item SelfLoaded methods
9978 guess_name (override)
9982 find_perl (override)
9986 maybe_command (override)
9988 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
9990 perl_script (override)
9992 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9994 replace_manpage_separator
9996 init_others (override)
9998 constants (override)
10002 const_cccmd (override)
10004 pm_to_blib (override)
10006 tool_autosplit (override)
10008 tool_sxubpp (override)
10010 xsubpp_version (override)
10012 tools_other (override)
10022 top_targets (override)
10026 dynamic_lib (override)
10028 dynamic_bs (override)
10030 static_lib (override)
10032 manifypods (override)
10034 processPL (override)
10036 installbin (override)
10038 subdir_x (override)
10042 realclean (override)
10044 dist_basics (override)
10046 dist_core (override)
10048 dist_dir (override)
10050 dist_test (override)
10054 perldepend (override)
10056 makefile (override)
10060 test_via_harness (override)
10062 test_via_script (override)
10064 makeaperl (override)
10066 nicetext (override)
10068 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10069 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10095 test_via_harness (o)
10097 tool_autosplit (override)
10115 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
10125 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
10127 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
10135 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
10139 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
10141 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
10143 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
10145 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
10147 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
10148 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
10149 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
10150 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
10151 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
10152 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
10153 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
10154 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
10155 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
10156 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
10157 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
10158 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
10159 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
10160 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
10161 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
10163 =item Additional lowercase attributes
10165 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
10168 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
10170 =item Hintsfile support
10172 =item Distribution Support
10174 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
10175 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
10176 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
10178 =item Disabling an extension
10192 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
10200 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
10204 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
10208 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
10209 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
10213 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
10221 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
10233 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
10243 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
10252 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
10260 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
10272 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
10280 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
10290 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
10302 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
10312 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
10316 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
10324 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
10328 C<basename>, C<dirname>
10332 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
10342 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
10356 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
10366 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
10368 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
10380 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
10388 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
10400 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
10408 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
10409 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
10410 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
10420 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
10428 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
10429 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
10430 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
10434 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
10442 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
10454 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
10468 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
10502 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10520 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
10548 file_name_is_absolute
10568 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
10578 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
10610 file_name_is_absolute
10632 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
10648 =item Methods always loaded
10650 canonpath (override)
10668 case_tolerant (override)
10672 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10674 splitpath (override)
10676 splitdir (override)
10690 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
10720 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10744 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10758 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10768 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10776 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10784 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10786 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10798 =item Temporary files and NFS
10810 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10824 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10836 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10844 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10850 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10864 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
10866 =item All-in-one interface
10878 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10888 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10892 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10894 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10902 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10904 =item Example 2: Using the context
10906 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10908 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10912 =item Filter::Simple
10920 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
10928 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
10938 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
10954 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
10962 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
10964 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
10968 =item Simple options
10970 =item A little bit less simple options
10972 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
10974 =item Options with values
10976 =item Options with multiple values
10978 =item Options with hash values
10980 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
10982 =item Options with multiple names
10984 =item Case and abbreviations
10986 =item Summary of Option Specifications
10988 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
10992 =item Advanced Possibilities
10996 =item Object oriented interface
10998 =item Documentation and help texts
11000 =item Storing options in a hash
11004 =item The lonesome dash
11006 =item Argument call-back
11010 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
11012 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
11013 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
11014 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
11015 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
11016 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
11018 =item Return values and Errors
11024 =item Default destinations
11026 =item Alternative option starters
11028 =item Configuration variables
11032 =item Trouble Shooting
11036 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
11038 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
11045 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11049 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
11060 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
11071 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
11082 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
11084 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
11086 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11088 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11090 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
11092 the function super_languages($lang1)
11094 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
11096 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
11098 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
11102 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
11104 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
11114 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List, I18n::LangTags::List -- list of tags for human
11121 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
11123 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
11125 I<{ab}> : Abkhazian, I<{ace}> : Achinese, I<{ach}> : Acoli, I<{ada}> :
11126 Adangme, I<{aa}> : Afar, I<{afh}> : Afrihili, I<{af}> : Afrikaans,
11127 [I<{afa}> : Afro-Asiatic (Other)], I<{aka}> : Akan, I<{akk}> : Akkadian,
11128 I<{sq}> : Albanian, I<{ale}> : Aleut, [I<{alg}> : Algonquian languages],
11129 [I<{tut}> : Altaic (Other)], I<{am}> : Amharic, I<{i-ami}> : Ami, [I<{apa}>
11130 : Apache languages], I<{ar}> : Arabic, I<{arc}> : Aramaic, I<{arp}> :
11131 Arapaho, I<{arn}> : Araucanian, I<{arw}> : Arawak, I<{hy}> : Armenian,
11132 [I<{art}> : Artificial (Other)], I<{as}> : Assamese, [I<{ath}> : Athapascan
11133 languages], [I<{aus}> : Australian languages], [I<{map}> : Austronesian
11134 (Other)], I<{ava}> : Avaric, I<{ae}> : Avestan, I<{awa}> : Awadhi, I<{ay}>
11135 : Aymara, I<{az}> : Azerbaijani, I<{ban}> : Balinese, [I<{bat}> : Baltic
11136 (Other)], I<{bal}> : Baluchi, I<{bam}> : Bambara, [I<{bai}> : Bamileke
11137 languages], I<{bad}> : Banda, [I<{bnt}> : Bantu (Other)], I<{bas}> : Basa,
11138 I<{ba}> : Bashkir, I<{eu}> : Basque, I<{btk}> : Batak (Indonesia), I<{bej}>
11139 : Beja, I<{be}> : Belarusian, I<{bem}> : Bemba, I<{bn}> : Bengali,
11140 [I<{ber}> : Berber (Other)], I<{bho}> : Bhojpuri, I<{bh}> : Bihari,
11141 I<{bik}> : Bikol, I<{bin}> : Bini, I<{bi}> : Bislama, I<{bs}> : Bosnian,
11142 I<{bra}> : Braj, I<{br}> : Breton, I<{bug}> : Buginese, I<{bg}> :
11143 Bulgarian, I<{i-bnn}> : Bunun, I<{bua}> : Buriat, I<{my}> : Burmese,
11144 I<{cad}> : Caddo, I<{car}> : Carib, I<{ca}> : Catalan, [I<{cau}> :
11145 Caucasian (Other)], I<{ceb}> : Cebuano, [I<{cel}> : Celtic (Other)],
11146 [I<{cai}> : Central American Indian (Other)], I<{chg}> : Chagatai,
11147 [I<{cmc}> : Chamic languages], I<{ch}> : Chamorro, I<{ce}> : Chechen,
11148 I<{chr}> : Cherokee, I<{chy}> : Cheyenne, I<{chb}> : Chibcha, I<{ny}> :
11149 Chichewa, I<{zh}> : Chinese, I<{chn}> : Chinook Jargon, I<{chp}> :
11150 Chipewyan, I<{cho}> : Choctaw, I<{cu}> : Church Slavic, I<{chk}> :
11151 Chuukese, I<{cv}> : Chuvash, I<{cop}> : Coptic, I<{kw}> : Cornish, I<{co}>
11152 : Corsican, I<{cre}> : Cree, I<{mus}> : Creek, [I<{cpe}> : English-based
11153 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [I<{cpf}> : French-based Creoles and pidgins
11154 (Other)], [I<{cpp}> : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
11155 [I<{crp}> : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], I<{hr}> : Croatian, [I<{cus}> :
11156 Cushitic (Other)], I<{cs}> : Czech, I<{dak}> : Dakota, I<{da}> : Danish,
11157 I<{day}> : Dayak, I<{i-default}> : Default (Fallthru) Language, I<{del}> :
11158 Delaware, I<{din}> : Dinka, I<{div}> : Divehi, I<{doi}> : Dogri, I<{dgr}> :
11159 Dogrib, [I<{dra}> : Dravidian (Other)], I<{dua}> : Duala, I<{nl}> : Dutch,
11160 I<{dum}> : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), I<{dyu}> : Dyula, I<{dz}> :
11161 Dzongkha, I<{efi}> : Efik, I<{egy}> : Ancient Egyptian, I<{eka}> : Ekajuk,
11162 I<{elx}> : Elamite, I<{en}> : English, I<{enm}> : Old English (1100-1500),
11163 I<{ang}> : Old English (ca.450-1100), I<{eo}> : Esperanto, I<{et}> :
11164 Estonian, I<{ewe}> : Ewe, I<{ewo}> : Ewondo, I<{fan}> : Fang, I<{fat}> :
11165 Fanti, I<{fo}> : Faroese, I<{fj}> : Fijian, I<{fi}> : Finnish, [I<{fiu}> :
11166 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], I<{fon}> : Fon, I<{fr}> : French, I<{frm}> : Middle
11167 French (ca.1400-1600), I<{fro}> : Old French (842-ca.1400), I<{fy}> :
11168 Frisian, I<{fur}> : Friulian, I<{ful}> : Fulah, I<{gaa}> : Ga, I<{gd}> :
11169 Scots Gaelic, I<{gl}> : Gallegan, I<{lug}> : Ganda, I<{gay}> : Gayo,
11170 I<{gba}> : Gbaya, I<{gez}> : Geez, I<{ka}> : Georgian, I<{de}> : German,
11171 I<{gmh}> : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), I<{goh}> : Old High German
11172 (ca.750-1050), [I<{gem}> : Germanic (Other)], I<{gil}> : Gilbertese,
11173 I<{gon}> : Gondi, I<{gor}> : Gorontalo, I<{got}> : Gothic, I<{grb}> :
11174 Grebo, I<{grc}> : Ancient Greek (to 1453), I<{el}> : Modern Greek (1453-),
11175 I<{gn}> : Guarani, I<{gu}> : Gujarati, I<{gwi}> : Gwich'in, I<{hai}> :
11176 Haida, I<{ha}> : Hausa, I<{haw}> : Hawaiian, I<{he}> : Hebrew, I<{hz}> :
11177 Herero, I<{hil}> : Hiligaynon, I<{him}> : Himachali, I<{hi}> : Hindi,
11178 I<{ho}> : Hiri Motu, I<{hit}> : Hittite, I<{hmn}> : Hmong, I<{hu}> :
11179 Hungarian, I<{hup}> : Hupa, I<{iba}> : Iban, I<{is}> : Icelandic, I<{ibo}>
11180 : Igbo, I<{ijo}> : Ijo, I<{ilo}> : Iloko, [I<{inc}> : Indic (Other)],
11181 [I<{ine}> : Indo-European (Other)], I<{id}> : Indonesian, I<{ia}> :
11182 Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association), I<{ie}> :
11183 Interlingue, I<{iu}> : Inuktitut, I<{ik}> : Inupiaq, [I<{ira}> : Iranian
11184 (Other)], I<{ga}> : Irish, I<{mga}> : Middle Irish (900-1200), I<{sga}> :
11185 Old Irish (to 900), [I<{iro}> : Iroquoian languages], I<{it}> : Italian,
11186 I<{ja}> : Japanese, I<{jw}> : Javanese, I<{jrb}> : Judeo-Arabic, I<{jpr}> :
11187 Judeo-Persian, I<{kab}> : Kabyle, I<{kac}> : Kachin, I<{kl}> : Kalaallisut,
11188 I<{kam}> : Kamba, I<{kn}> : Kannada, I<{kau}> : Kanuri, I<{kaa}> :
11189 Kara-Kalpak, I<{kar}> : Karen, I<{ks}> : Kashmiri, I<{kaw}> : Kawi, I<{kk}>
11190 : Kazakh, I<{kha}> : Khasi, I<{km}> : Khmer, [I<{khi}> : Khoisan (Other)],
11191 I<{kho}> : Khotanese, I<{ki}> : Kikuyu, I<{kmb}> : Kimbundu, I<{rw}> :
11192 Kinyarwanda, I<{ky}> : Kirghiz, I<{i-klingon}> : Klingon, I<{kv}> : Komi,
11193 I<{kon}> : Kongo, I<{kok}> : Konkani, I<{ko}> : Korean, I<{kos}> :
11194 Kosraean, I<{kpe}> : Kpelle, I<{kro}> : Kru, I<{kj}> : Kuanyama, I<{kum}> :
11195 Kumyk, I<{ku}> : Kurdish, I<{kru}> : Kurukh, I<{kut}> : Kutenai, I<{lad}> :
11196 Ladino, I<{lah}> : Lahnda, I<{lam}> : Lamba, I<{lo}> : Lao, I<{la}> :
11197 Latin, I<{lv}> : Latvian, I<{lb}> : Letzeburgesch, I<{lez}> : Lezghian,
11198 I<{ln}> : Lingala, I<{lt}> : Lithuanian, I<{nds}> : Low German, I<{loz}> :
11199 Lozi, I<{lub}> : Luba-Katanga, I<{lua}> : Luba-Lulua, I<{lui}> : Luiseno,
11200 I<{lun}> : Lunda, I<{luo}> : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), I<{lus}> : Lushai,
11201 I<{mk}> : Macedonian, I<{mad}> : Madurese, I<{mag}> : Magahi, I<{mai}> :
11202 Maithili, I<{mak}> : Makasar, I<{mg}> : Malagasy, I<{ms}> : Malay, I<{ml}>
11203 : Malayalam, I<{mt}> : Maltese, I<{mnc}> : Manchu, I<{mdr}> : Mandar,
11204 I<{man}> : Mandingo, I<{mni}> : Manipuri, [I<{mno}> : Manobo languages],
11205 I<{gv}> : Manx, I<{mi}> : Maori, I<{mr}> : Marathi, I<{chm}> : Mari,
11206 I<{mh}> : Marshall, I<{mwr}> : Marwari, I<{mas}> : Masai, [I<{myn}> : Mayan
11207 languages], I<{men}> : Mende, I<{mic}> : Micmac, I<{min}> : Minangkabau,
11208 I<{i-mingo}> : Mingo, [I<{mis}> : Miscellaneous languages], I<{moh}> :
11209 Mohawk, I<{mo}> : Moldavian, [I<{mkh}> : Mon-Khmer (Other)], I<{lol}> :
11210 Mongo, I<{mn}> : Mongolian, I<{mos}> : Mossi, [I<{mul}> : Multiple
11211 languages], [I<{mun}> : Munda languages], I<{nah}> : Nahuatl, I<{na}> :
11212 Nauru, I<{nv}> : Navajo, I<{nd}> : North Ndebele, I<{nr}> : South Ndebele,
11213 I<{ng}> : Ndonga, I<{ne}> : Nepali, I<{new}> : Newari, I<{nia}> : Nias,
11214 [I<{nic}> : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [I<{ssa}> : Nilo-Saharan (Other)],
11215 I<{niu}> : Niuean, I<{non}> : Old Norse, [I<{nai}> : North American
11216 Indian], I<{se}> : Northern Sami, I<{no}> : Norwegian, I<{nb}> : Norwegian
11217 BokmE<aring>l, I<{nn}> : Norwegian Nynorsk, [I<{nub}> : Nubian languages],
11218 I<{nym}> : Nyamwezi, I<{nyn}> : Nyankole, I<{nyo}> : Nyoro, I<{nzi}> :
11219 Nzima, I<{oc}> : Occitan (post 1500), I<{oji}> : Ojibwa, I<{or}> : Oriya,
11220 I<{om}> : Oromo, I<{osa}> : Osage, I<{os}> : Ossetian; Ossetic, [I<{oto}> :
11221 Otomian languages], I<{pal}> : Pahlavi, I<{i-pwn}> : Paiwan, I<{pau}> :
11222 Palauan, I<{pi}> : Pali, I<{pam}> : Pampanga, I<{pag}> : Pangasinan,
11223 I<{pa}> : Panjabi, I<{pap}> : Papiamento, [I<{paa}> : Papuan (Other)],
11224 I<{fa}> : Persian, I<{peo}> : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.), [I<{phi}> :
11225 Philippine (Other)], I<{phn}> : Phoenician, I<{pon}> : Pohnpeian, I<{pl}> :
11226 Polish, I<{pt}> : Portuguese, [I<{pra}> : Prakrit languages], I<{pro}> :
11227 Old ProvenE<ccedil>al (to 1500), I<{ps}> : Pushto, I<{qu}> : Quechua,
11228 I<{rm}> : Raeto-Romance, I<{raj}> : Rajasthani, I<{rap}> : Rapanui,
11229 I<{rar}> : Rarotongan, [I<{qaa}>-I<qtz> : Reserved for local use.],
11230 [I<{roa}> : Romance (Other)], I<{ro}> : Romanian, I<{rom}> : Romany,
11231 I<{rn}> : Rundi, I<{ru}> : Russian, [I<{sal}> : Salishan languages],
11232 I<{sam}> : Samaritan Aramaic, [I<{smi}> : Sami languages (Other)], I<{sm}>
11233 : Samoan, I<{sad}> : Sandawe, I<{sg}> : Sango, I<{sa}> : Sanskrit, I<{sat}>
11234 : Santali, I<{sc}> : Sardinian, I<{sas}> : Sasak, I<{sco}> : Scots,
11235 I<{sel}> : Selkup, [I<{sem}> : Semitic (Other)], I<{sr}> : Serbian,
11236 I<{srr}> : Serer, I<{shn}> : Shan, I<{sn}> : Shona, I<{sid}> : Sidamo,
11237 I<{sgn-...}> : Sign Languages, I<{bla}> : Siksika, I<{sd}> : Sindhi,
11238 I<{si}> : Sinhalese, [I<{sit}> : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [I<{sio}> : Siouan
11239 languages], I<{den}> : Slave (Athapascan), [I<{sla}> : Slavic (Other)],
11240 I<{sk}> : Slovak, I<{sl}> : Slovenian, I<{sog}> : Sogdian, I<{so}> :
11241 Somali, I<{son}> : Songhai, I<{snk}> : Soninke, I<{wen}> : Sorbian
11242 languages, I<{nso}> : Northern Sotho, I<{st}> : Southern Sotho, [I<{sai}> :
11243 South American Indian (Other)], I<{es}> : Spanish, I<{suk}> : Sukuma,
11244 I<{sux}> : Sumerian, I<{su}> : Sundanese, I<{sus}> : Susu, I<{sw}> :
11245 Swahili, I<{ss}> : Swati, I<{sv}> : Swedish, I<{syr}> : Syriac, I<{tl}> :
11246 Tagalog, I<{ty}> : Tahitian, [I<{tai}> : Tai (Other)], I<{tg}> : Tajik,
11247 I<{tmh}> : Tamashek, I<{ta}> : Tamil, I<{i-tao}> : Tao, I<{tt}> : Tatar,
11248 I<{i-tay}> : Tayal, I<{te}> : Telugu, I<{ter}> : Tereno, I<{tet}> : Tetum,
11249 I<{th}> : Thai, I<{bo}> : Tibetan, I<{tig}> : Tigre, I<{ti}> : Tigrinya,
11250 I<{tem}> : Timne, I<{tiv}> : Tiv, I<{tli}> : Tlingit, I<{tpi}> : Tok Pisin,
11251 I<{tkl}> : Tokelau, I<{tog}> : Tonga (Nyasa), I<{to}> : Tonga (Tonga
11252 Islands), I<{tsi}> : Tsimshian, I<{ts}> : Tsonga, I<{i-tsu}> : Tsou,
11253 I<{tn}> : Tswana, I<{tum}> : Tumbuka, I<{tr}> : Turkish, I<{ota}> : Ottoman
11254 Turkish (1500-1928), I<{tk}> : Turkmen, I<{tvl}> : Tuvalu, I<{tyv}> :
11255 Tuvinian, I<{tw}> : Twi, I<{uga}> : Ugaritic, I<{ug}> : Uighur, I<{uk}> :
11256 Ukrainian, I<{umb}> : Umbundu, I<{und}> : Undetermined, I<{ur}> : Urdu,
11257 I<{uz}> : Uzbek, I<{vai}> : Vai, I<{ven}> : Venda, I<{vi}> : Vietnamese,
11258 I<{vo}> : VolapE<uuml>k, I<{vot}> : Votic, [I<{wak}> : Wakashan languages],
11259 I<{wal}> : Walamo, I<{war}> : Waray, I<{was}> : Washo, I<{cy}> : Welsh,
11260 I<{wo}> : Wolof, I<{x-...}> : Unregistered (Private Use), I<{xh}> : Xhosa,
11261 I<{sah}> : Yakut, I<{yao}> : Yao, I<{yap}> : Yapese, I<{yi}> : Yiddish,
11262 I<{yo}> : Yoruba, [I<{ypk}> : Yupik languages], I<{znd}> : Zande, [I<{zap}>
11263 : Zapotec], I<{zen}> : Zenaga, I<{za}> : Zhuang, I<{zu}> : Zulu, I<{zun}> :
11268 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11274 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
11284 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
11292 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11293 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11303 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11313 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11317 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11325 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
11335 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11339 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11340 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11341 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11342 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11354 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11364 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11368 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11378 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11388 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11389 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11399 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
11407 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11408 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11417 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
11427 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11431 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11432 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11433 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11443 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
11457 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11458 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11468 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
11484 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11497 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
11511 hostpath(), peerpath()
11521 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
11530 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11531 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11541 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11551 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11555 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11563 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
11574 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11578 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11579 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11580 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11581 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11593 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11603 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11607 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11617 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11627 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11628 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11638 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
11647 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11648 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11657 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
11668 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11672 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11673 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11674 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11684 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
11699 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11700 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11710 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
11711 AF_INET domain sockets
11727 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11740 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
11741 AF_UNIX domain sockets
11755 hostpath(), peerpath()
11765 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11775 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11776 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11787 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
11801 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
11814 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
11824 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11825 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11826 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11837 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
11855 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11865 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11866 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11877 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
11888 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11889 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11890 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11901 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
11909 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11910 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11912 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11918 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
11919 general-utility list subroutines
11927 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11928 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11930 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11936 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
11937 general-utility scalar subroutines
11945 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
11946 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
11954 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
11962 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11966 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
11974 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
11986 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
11992 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11994 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
11995 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
12001 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12003 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
12009 =item CODE ALIASING
12019 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12023 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
12024 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
12025 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
12026 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
12034 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
12035 identification (ISO 4217)
12053 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12055 code2currency(), currency2code()
12061 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12063 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
12071 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12075 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
12083 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
12100 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12102 code2language(), language2code()
12108 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12110 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
12118 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12122 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
12123 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
12131 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
12139 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12145 =item Construction Methods
12147 $lh = YourProjClass::langname->new();, $lh->init();,
12148 YourProjClass->fallback_languages(),
12149 YourProjClass->fallback_language_classes()
12151 =item The "maketext" Method
12153 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
12155 =item Utility Methods
12157 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
12158 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
12159 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
12160 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
12162 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
12166 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
12168 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
12170 =item BRACKET NOTATION
12172 =item AUTO LEXICONS
12174 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
12176 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
12180 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12186 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
12194 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
12198 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
12200 =item The Linguistic View
12202 =item Breaking gettext
12204 =item Replacing gettext
12206 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
12208 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
12210 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
12212 =item Buzzword: Concision
12214 =item The Devil in the Details
12216 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
12224 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
12232 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
12236 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
12244 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
12245 of quoted-printable strings
12253 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12259 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
12268 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12274 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
12284 =item Canonical notation
12288 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
12290 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
12294 ffround ( +$scale ) rounds to the $scale'th place left from the '.',
12295 counting from the dot. The first digit is numbered 1, ffround ( -$scale )
12296 rounds to the $scale'th place right from the '.', counting from the dot,
12297 ffround ( 0 ) rounds to an integer, fround ( +$scale ) preserves accuracy
12298 to $scale digits from the left (aka significant digits) and paddes the rest
12299 with zeros. If the number is between 1 and -1, the significant digits count
12300 from the first non-zero after the '.', fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
12307 use Math::BigFloat qw(bstr bint);
12309 $x = bstr("1234") # string "1234"
12310 $x = "$x"; # same as bstr()
12311 $x = bneg("1234") # BigFloat "-1234"
12312 $x = Math::BigFloat->bneg("1234"); # BigFloat "1234"
12313 $x = Math::BigFloat->babs("-12345"); # BigFloat "12345"
12314 $x = Math::BigFloat->bnorm("-0 00"); # BigFloat "0"
12315 $x = bint(1) + bint(2); # BigFloat "3"
12316 $x = bint(1) + "2"; # ditto (auto-BigFloatify of "2")
12317 $x = bint(1); # BigFloat "1"
12318 $x = $x + 5 / 2; # BigFloat "3"
12319 $x = $x ** 3; # BigFloat "27"
12320 $x *= 2; # BigFloat "54"
12321 $x = new Math::BigFloat; # BigFloat "0"
12322 $x--; # BigFloat "-1"
12324 =item Autocreating constants
12332 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
12340 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
12348 Canonical notation, Input, Output
12354 bfround ( +$scale ) rounds to the $scale'th place left from the '.', bround
12355 ( +$scale ) preserves accuracy to $scale sighnificant digits counted from
12356 the left and paddes the number with zeros, bround ( -$scale ) preserves
12357 accuracy to $scale significant digits counted from the right and paddes the
12362 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
12366 =item Autocreating constants
12372 :constant and eval()
12376 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow,
12377 Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt()
12385 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
12398 =item STRINGIFICATION
12402 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
12408 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
12410 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
12418 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
12426 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
12432 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
12434 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
12438 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12440 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
12444 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
12446 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12448 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
12449 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
12453 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
12459 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
12469 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
12487 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
12489 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
12493 =item OTHER FACILITIES
12499 =item C<flush_cache>
12505 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
12507 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
12519 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
12528 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
12539 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
12551 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12559 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12567 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
12576 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
12585 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
12602 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
12610 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
12618 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12624 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12628 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12632 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
12642 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
12648 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
12658 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
12661 =item CLASS METHODS
12663 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
12664 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
12665 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
12675 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
12685 requires_firewall HOST
12687 =item NetConfig VALUES
12689 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
12690 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_ext_passive, ftp_int_pasive,
12691 local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
12695 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
12704 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
12712 =head2 Net::DummyInetd - A dummy Inetd server
12734 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
12746 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
12750 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
12751 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
12752 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
12753 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), rmdir ( DIR ), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE
12754 ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [,
12755 WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [,
12756 REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (),
12757 mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash (
12758 [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [
12759 DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port (
12760 [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
12761 pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait (
12762 NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
12766 =item Methods for the adventurous
12772 =item THE dataconn CLASS
12774 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
12777 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
12779 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
12781 =item REPORTING BUGS
12793 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
12803 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
12807 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
12808 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
12809 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
12810 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
12811 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
12816 =item Extension methods
12818 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
12819 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
12820 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
12821 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
12830 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
12840 =head2 Net::PH - CCSO Nameserver Client class
12850 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
12854 query( SEARCH [, RETURN ] ), change( SEARCH , MAKE ), login( USER, PASS [,
12855 ENCRYPT ]), logout(), fields( [ FIELD_LIST ] ), add( FIELD_VALUES ),
12856 delete( FIELD_VALUES ), id( [ ID ] ), status(), siteinfo(), quit()
12864 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
12870 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
12882 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
12886 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
12887 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
12888 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
12889 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
12901 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
12909 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
12915 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
12916 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
12924 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
12936 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
12940 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), mail ( ADDRESS [,
12941 OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail (
12942 ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ),
12943 to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ),
12944 verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
12954 =head2 Net::SNPP - Simple Network Pager Protocol Client
12968 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
12972 reset (), help (), quit ()
12984 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
12992 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
12993 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
13001 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
13018 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
13026 =item Where to get this document
13028 =item How to contribute to this document
13032 =item Author and Copyright Information
13040 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
13044 =item What is libnet ?
13046 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
13048 =item What other modules do I need ?
13050 =item What machines support libnet ?
13052 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
13056 =item Using Net::FTP
13060 =item How do I download files from a FTP server ?
13062 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
13064 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
13066 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
13069 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
13071 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
13073 =item How do I get a directory listing from a FTP server ?
13075 =item Changeing directory to "" does not fail ?
13077 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
13079 =item I am behind a FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
13082 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
13084 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
13087 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
13090 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
13094 =item Using Net::SMTP
13098 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
13101 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
13103 =item The verify method always returns true ?
13107 =item Debugging scripts
13111 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
13115 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
13119 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
13136 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
13151 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
13168 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
13176 =item THE .netrc FILE
13178 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
13183 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
13187 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
13197 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
13207 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13213 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
13221 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13227 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13231 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13235 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
13247 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
13249 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
13250 or optag, an operator set (opset)
13252 =item Opcode Functions
13254 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
13255 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
13256 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
13259 =item Manipulating Opsets
13261 =item TO DO (maybe)
13267 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
13269 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
13270 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
13271 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
13280 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
13289 a new namespace, an operator mask
13295 =item RECENT CHANGES
13297 =item Methods in class Safe
13299 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13300 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13301 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13302 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13304 =item Some Safety Issues
13306 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13314 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
13327 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
13341 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
13342 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
13343 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
13344 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
13345 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
13346 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
13347 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
13348 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
13349 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
13350 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
13351 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
13352 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
13353 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
13354 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
13355 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
13356 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
13357 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
13358 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
13359 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
13360 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
13361 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
13362 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
13363 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
13364 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
13365 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
13372 =item POSIX::SigAction
13376 =item POSIX::SigSet
13378 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
13380 =item POSIX::Termios
13382 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
13383 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
13384 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
13385 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
13386 values, c_oflag field values
13390 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
13394 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
13398 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
13456 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
13465 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
13469 =item Defaults and how to override them
13479 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
13489 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
13497 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
13498 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
13499 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
13500 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
13501 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
13502 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
13503 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
13507 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
13513 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
13519 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
13531 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
13532 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
13533 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
13534 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
13535 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
13536 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
13537 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
13538 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
13543 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
13544 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
13545 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
13546 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
13547 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
13548 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
13552 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
13553 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
13565 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
13567 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
13570 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
13572 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
13574 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
13576 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
13578 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
13586 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
13598 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
13600 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
13607 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
13613 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
13615 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
13622 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
13634 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
13644 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
13645 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
13660 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
13673 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
13674 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
13680 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
13704 =item B<was_cutting()>
13710 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
13716 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
13722 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13728 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
13734 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13740 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
13746 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
13752 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13758 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13764 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
13770 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
13776 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13782 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
13788 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
13794 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
13800 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13806 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
13812 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
13818 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13824 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13830 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
13836 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
13842 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
13848 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
13854 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
13860 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
13866 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
13872 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13878 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
13890 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
13902 =item OBJECT METHODS
13910 =item Data Accessors
13926 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
13928 B<StartWithNewPage>
13942 =item Subclassed methods
13956 B<interior_sequence>
13972 =item Methods for headings
13980 =item Internal methods
13986 B<_replace_special_chars>
13992 B<_clean_latex_commands>
14008 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
14016 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
14021 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
14022 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
14023 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
14024 line %d, Unmatched =back
14034 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
14048 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
14056 $list-E<gt>indent()
14064 $list-E<gt>parent()
14070 =item Pod::Hyperlink
14072 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
14076 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
14078 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
14082 $link-E<gt>warning()
14084 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
14090 $link-E<gt>alttext()
14100 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
14106 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
14110 =item Pod::Cache::Item
14112 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
14116 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
14118 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
14120 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
14122 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
14124 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
14126 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
14128 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
14138 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
14150 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14152 =item PARSING OPTIONS
14154 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
14155 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
14161 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14169 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14175 =item B<verbatim()>
14177 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14183 =item B<textblock()>
14185 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14191 =item B<interior_sequence()>
14197 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14209 =item B<initialize()>
14215 =item B<begin_pod()>
14221 =item B<begin_input()>
14227 =item B<end_input()>
14239 =item B<preprocess_line()>
14245 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
14251 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
14257 =item B<parse_text()>
14259 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
14260 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
14261 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
14267 =item B<interpolate()>
14273 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
14279 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
14285 =item B<parse_from_file()>
14291 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
14297 =item B<errorsub()>
14309 =item B<parseopts()>
14315 =item B<output_file()>
14321 =item B<output_handle()>
14327 =item B<input_file()>
14333 =item B<input_handle()>
14339 =item B<input_streams()>
14345 =item B<top_stream()>
14351 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14357 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
14363 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
14369 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
14377 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
14397 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
14410 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
14412 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
14418 =item OBJECT METHODS
14424 =item B<curr_headings()>
14436 =item B<add_selection()>
14442 =item B<clear_selections()>
14448 =item B<match_section()>
14454 =item B<is_selected()>
14460 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
14466 =item B<podselect()>
14468 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
14474 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14480 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
14486 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
14492 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
14504 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
14512 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
14516 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
14517 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
14518 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
14530 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
14546 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
14563 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
14564 text with format escapes
14578 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
14587 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
14596 =item Recommended Use
14604 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
14608 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
14616 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14622 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14626 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14630 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
14638 a new namespace, an operator mask
14644 =item RECENT CHANGES
14646 =item Methods in class Safe
14648 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14649 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14650 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14651 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14653 =item Some Safety Issues
14655 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14663 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
14671 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
14672 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14680 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
14690 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
14700 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
14710 =item The __DATA__ token
14712 =item SelfLoader autoloading
14714 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
14716 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
14718 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
14720 =item Classes and inherited methods.
14724 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
14728 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
14738 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
14746 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
14747 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
14755 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
14756 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
14757 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
14758 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
14759 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
14763 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
14773 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
14777 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
14779 =item ERROR REPORTING
14787 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
14792 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
14793 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
14817 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
14831 =item Allowing fall-through
14833 =item Automating fall-through
14835 =item Higher-order Operations
14849 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
14859 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
14871 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
14872 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
14880 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
14881 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
14892 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
14893 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
14901 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
14902 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
14913 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
14923 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
14924 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
14935 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
14947 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
14955 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
14965 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
14966 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
14974 =item Minimal set of supported functions
14976 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
14977 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
14979 =item Additional supported functions
14981 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
14991 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
15017 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
15021 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15031 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
15041 =item The test script output
15043 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
15044 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
15045 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
15049 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
15072 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
15073 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
15074 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
15075 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
15079 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
15080 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
15095 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
15107 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
15117 =item General behaviour in list contexts
15121 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
15123 =item A note about prefixes
15125 =item C<extract_delimited>
15127 =item C<extract_bracketed>
15129 =item C<extract_tagged>
15131 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
15132 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
15134 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
15136 =item C<extract_quotelike>
15138 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
15140 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
15142 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
15144 =item C<extract_codeblock>
15146 =item C<extract_multiple>
15148 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
15154 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
15155 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
15156 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
15157 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
15158 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
15159 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
15160 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
15161 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
15162 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
15163 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
15164 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
15165 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
15170 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15176 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
15191 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
15208 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
15223 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
15237 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
15250 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
15251 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
15252 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
15256 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
15264 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
15272 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15274 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
15280 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
15288 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15290 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
15294 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
15306 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
15316 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
15324 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
15325 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
15326 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
15327 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
15335 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
15344 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
15345 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
15346 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
15347 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
15349 =item MORE INFORMATION
15351 =item COMPATIBILITY
15355 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
15363 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
15364 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
15368 =item MORE INFORMATION
15372 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
15390 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
15399 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
15401 =item MORE INFORMATION
15405 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
15417 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday
15425 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
15426 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
15427 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
15428 getitimer ( $which )
15444 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
15452 =item IMPLEMENTATION
15458 =head2 Time::Piece - Object Oriented time objects
15470 =item Local Locales
15472 =item Date Calculations
15474 =item Date Comparisons
15476 =item YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
15480 =item strftime method
15482 %%, %a, %A, %b, %B, %c, %C, %d, %D, %e, %h, %H, %I, %j, %m, %M, %n, %p, %r,
15483 %R, %S, %t, %T, %u, %U, %V, %w, %W, %x, %y, %Y, %Z
15485 =item strptime function
15487 =item Global Overriding
15505 =head2 Time::Piece::Seconds, Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert
15506 seconds to other date values
15524 =head2 Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert seconds to other date values
15542 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
15557 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
15572 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
15584 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
15592 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
15593 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
15597 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
15612 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
15623 =item System Specifics
15637 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
15645 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
15647 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
15648 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
15649 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
15650 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
15651 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
15652 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
15653 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
15654 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
15655 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
15656 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
15657 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
15658 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
15659 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
15660 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
15661 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
15662 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
15668 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
15686 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
15698 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
15700 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
15701 don't all have manual pages yet:
15727 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles