4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
112 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
120 =item Making References
122 =item Using References
140 =item Distribution Conditions
146 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
152 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
153 more elaborate constructs
157 =item COMMON MISTAKES
159 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
161 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
167 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
171 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
173 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
175 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
179 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
183 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
185 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
187 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
191 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
195 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
197 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
199 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
203 =item HASHES OF HASHES
207 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
209 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
211 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
215 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
219 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
221 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
223 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
235 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
243 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
245 =item Growing Your Own
247 =item Access and Printing
259 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
269 =item Simple word matching
271 =item Using character classes
273 =item Matching this or that
275 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
277 =item Extracting matches
279 =item Matching repetitions
283 =item Search and replace
285 =item The split operator
293 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
297 =item Acknowledgments
303 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
309 =item Part 1: The basics
313 =item Simple word matching
315 =item Using character classes
317 =item Matching this or that
319 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
321 =item Extracting matches
323 =item Matching repetitions
325 =item Building a regexp
327 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
331 =item Part 2: Power tools
335 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
337 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
339 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
341 =item Non-capturing groupings
343 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
345 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
347 =item Conditional expressions
349 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
351 =item Pragmas and debugging
359 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
363 =item Acknowledgments
369 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
377 =item If we could talk to the animals...
379 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
381 =item Invoking a barnyard
383 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
385 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
387 =item Inheriting the windpipes
389 =item A few notes about @ISA
391 =item Overriding the methods
393 =item Starting the search from a different place
395 =item The SUPER way of doing things
397 =item Where we're at so far...
399 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
401 =item Invoking an instance method
403 =item Accessing the instance data
405 =item How to build a horse
407 =item Inheriting the constructor
409 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
411 =item Adding parameters to a method
413 =item More interesting instances
415 =item A horse of a different color
427 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
433 =item Creating a Class
437 =item Object Representation
439 =item Class Interface
441 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
443 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
447 =item Other Object Methods
455 =item Accessing Class Data
457 =item Debugging Methods
459 =item Class Destructors
461 =item Documenting the Interface
471 =item Overridden Methods
473 =item Multiple Inheritance
475 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
479 =item Alternate Object Representations
483 =item Arrays as Objects
485 =item Closures as Objects
489 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
493 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
495 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
499 =item Metaclassical Tools
505 =item Data Members as Variables
513 =item Object Terminology
519 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
525 =item Acknowledgments
531 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
537 =item Class Data in a Can
539 =item Class Data as Package Variables
543 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
545 =item Inheritance Concerns
547 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
549 =item Indirect References to Class Data
551 =item Monadic Classes
553 =item Translucent Attributes
557 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
561 =item Privacy and Responsibility
563 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
565 =item More Inheritance Concerns
567 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
569 =item Translucency Revisited
577 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
579 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
585 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
591 =item OO SCALING TIPS
593 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
595 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
597 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
599 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
601 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
603 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
605 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
607 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
609 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
617 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
625 =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
637 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
645 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
663 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
665 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
666 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
667 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
668 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
670 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
672 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
673 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
674 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
678 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
680 =item Numerical Traps
682 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
684 =item General data type traps
686 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
687 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
689 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
691 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
693 =item Precedence Traps
695 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
698 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
700 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
701 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
702 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
704 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
706 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
712 =item Interpolation Traps
714 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
715 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
721 =item Unclassified Traps
723 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
730 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
738 =item Looking at data and -w and v
742 =item Stepping through code
744 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
746 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
764 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31
773 =item Where to get the perlfaq
775 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
777 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
784 =item Author and Copyright Information
788 =item Bundled Distributions
794 =item Table of Contents
796 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
797 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
798 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
799 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
800 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
806 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
808 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
810 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
812 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
814 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
816 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
818 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
820 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
822 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
828 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
829 2003/07/09 15:47:28 $)
839 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
841 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
843 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
849 =item How stable is Perl?
851 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
853 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
856 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
858 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
860 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
862 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
864 =item What is a JAPH?
866 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
868 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
869 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
873 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
877 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.20 $,
878 $Date: 2003/01/26 17:50:56 $)
886 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
888 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
890 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
892 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
895 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
896 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
898 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
899 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
901 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
903 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
905 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
907 =item Where should I post source code?
911 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
913 =item Perl in Magazines
915 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
917 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
919 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
921 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
923 =item Where do I send bug reports?
925 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
929 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
933 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.33 $, $Date: 2003/01/31
942 =item How do I do (anything)?
944 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
946 =item Is there a Perl shell?
948 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
950 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
952 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
954 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
956 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
958 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
960 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
962 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
963 GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
964 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
966 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
968 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
970 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
972 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
974 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
976 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
978 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
980 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
981 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
983 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
985 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
987 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
989 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
991 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
993 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
995 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
997 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
999 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
1001 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
1003 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
1005 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
1007 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
1008 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
1010 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
1012 =item What's MakeMaker?
1016 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1020 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.44 $, $Date: 2003/07/28
1031 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
1032 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
1034 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
1036 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
1039 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
1041 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
1042 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
1043 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
1044 from decimal to binary
1046 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
1048 =item How do I multiply matrices?
1050 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
1052 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
1054 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
1056 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
1064 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
1066 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
1068 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
1070 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
1072 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
1074 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
1082 =item How do I validate input?
1084 =item How do I unescape a string?
1086 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
1088 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
1090 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
1092 =item How do I reverse a string?
1094 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
1096 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
1098 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
1100 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1102 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
1105 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
1107 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
1110 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
1112 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
1114 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
1116 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
1118 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
1120 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
1122 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
1124 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
1125 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
1134 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
1136 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
1138 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
1142 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
1145 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
1146 intersection of two arrays?
1148 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
1150 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
1152 =item How do I handle linked lists?
1154 =item How do I handle circular lists?
1156 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
1158 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
1160 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
1162 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
1164 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
1166 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
1168 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
1172 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
1176 =item How do I process an entire hash?
1178 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
1181 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
1183 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
1185 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
1187 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
1189 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
1191 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
1193 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
1195 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
1197 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
1199 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
1201 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
1204 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
1205 array of hashes or arrays?
1207 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
1215 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
1217 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
1219 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
1221 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
1223 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
1225 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
1227 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
1231 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1235 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
1244 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
1246 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
1247 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
1249 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
1251 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
1253 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
1255 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
1257 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
1258 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
1260 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
1262 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
1264 =item How can I write() into a string?
1266 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
1268 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
1270 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
1272 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
1275 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
1277 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
1279 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
1281 =item How can I lock a file?
1283 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
1285 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
1286 the file. How can I do this?
1288 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
1289 file. Do I still have to use locking?
1291 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
1293 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
1295 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
1297 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
1299 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
1301 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
1303 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
1305 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
1307 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
1309 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
1311 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
1313 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
1314 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
1316 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
1318 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
1319 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
1321 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
1323 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
1327 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1331 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03
1340 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
1341 and unmaintainable code?
1343 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
1345 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
1347 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
1350 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
1352 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
1355 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
1357 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
1359 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
1361 =item What is C</o> really for?
1363 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
1366 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
1368 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
1370 =item How do I process each word on each line?
1372 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
1374 =item How can I do approximate matching?
1376 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
1378 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
1380 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
1382 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
1384 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
1386 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
1388 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
1390 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
1394 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1398 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date:
1399 2003/07/24 02:17:21 $)
1407 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
1409 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
1412 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
1415 =item How do I skip some return values?
1417 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
1419 =item What's an extension?
1421 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
1423 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
1425 =item How do I create a module?
1427 =item How do I create a class?
1429 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
1431 =item What's a closure?
1433 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
1435 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
1438 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
1441 =item How do I create a static variable?
1443 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
1444 Between local() and my()?
1446 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
1449 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
1451 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
1453 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
1455 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
1457 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
1459 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
1462 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1464 =item How can I find out my current package?
1466 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
1468 =item How do I clear a package?
1470 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
1472 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
1476 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1480 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
1489 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
1491 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
1493 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
1495 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
1497 =item How do I print something out in color?
1499 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
1501 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
1503 =item How do I clear the screen?
1505 =item How do I get the screen size?
1507 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
1509 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
1511 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
1513 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
1515 =item How do I start a process in the background?
1517 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
1519 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
1521 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
1523 =item How do I set the time and date?
1525 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
1527 =item How can I measure time under a second?
1529 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
1531 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
1532 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
1534 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
1536 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
1538 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1540 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1542 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1544 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1546 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1548 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1550 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1552 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1555 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1557 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1559 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1561 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1564 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
1565 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
1566 changes to be visible?
1570 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1573 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1575 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1577 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1579 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1581 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1583 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1585 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1587 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1589 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1591 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1593 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1595 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1598 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
1600 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1604 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1608 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57
1617 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
1619 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1622 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1624 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1626 =item How do I extract URLs?
1628 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1629 file on another machine?
1631 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
1633 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1635 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1637 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1639 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1641 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1643 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1645 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1646 CGI script to do bad things?
1648 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1650 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1652 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1654 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1656 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1658 =item How do I send mail?
1660 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
1662 =item How do I read mail?
1664 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
1666 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1668 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1670 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1674 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1678 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1690 =item Simple Statements
1692 =item Compound Statements
1700 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1704 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1706 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1712 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1720 =item Variable names
1726 =item Scalar value constructors
1728 =item List value constructors
1734 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1742 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1752 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1754 =item The Arrow Operator
1756 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1758 =item Exponentiation
1760 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1762 =item Binding Operators
1764 =item Multiplicative Operators
1766 =item Additive Operators
1768 =item Shift Operators
1770 =item Named Unary Operators
1772 =item Relational Operators
1774 =item Equality Operators
1778 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1780 =item C-style Logical And
1782 =item C-style Logical Or
1784 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
1786 =item Range Operators
1788 =item Conditional Operator
1790 =item Assignment Operators
1792 =item Comma Operator
1794 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1800 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
1802 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1804 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1806 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1808 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1810 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1811 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1812 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1813 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
1815 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
1817 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
1818 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
1819 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
1820 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
1825 =item Constant Folding
1827 =item Bitwise String Operators
1829 =item Integer Arithmetic
1831 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1833 =item Bigger Numbers
1839 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1849 =item Private Variables via my()
1851 =item Persistent Private Variables
1853 =item Temporary Values via local()
1855 =item Lvalue subroutines
1857 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
1859 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1861 =item When to Still Use local()
1863 =item Pass by Reference
1867 =item Constant Functions
1869 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
1873 =item Subroutine Attributes
1881 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1889 =item Perl Functions by Category
1891 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1892 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1893 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1894 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1895 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1896 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1897 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1898 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1899 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1900 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1905 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1907 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1908 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1909 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
1910 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
1911 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
1912 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
1913 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
1914 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
1915 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
1916 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
1917 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
1918 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
1919 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
1920 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
1921 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
1922 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
1923 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
1924 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
1925 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
1926 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
1927 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
1928 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
1929 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
1930 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1931 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
1932 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
1933 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
1934 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1935 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
1936 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
1937 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
1938 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
1939 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
1940 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
1941 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
1942 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
1943 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
1944 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
1945 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
1946 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
1947 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
1948 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
1949 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
1950 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
1951 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
1952 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
1953 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
1954 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
1955 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1956 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1957 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1958 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1959 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1960 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1961 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1962 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1963 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
1964 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
1965 parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
1966 width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
1967 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
1968 (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
1969 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
1970 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1971 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1972 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1973 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
1974 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
1975 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1976 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1977 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1978 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1979 TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
1980 Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
1981 VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1982 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1988 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1994 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
2000 =item Indirect Filehandles
2004 =item The Minus File
2006 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
2012 =item Open E<agrave> la C
2016 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
2020 =item Obscure Open Tricks
2024 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
2026 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
2028 =item Paths as Opens
2030 =item Single Argument Open
2032 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
2036 =item Other I/O Issues
2040 =item Opening Non-File Files
2042 =item Opening Named Pipes
2044 =item Opening Sockets
2056 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
2062 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
2068 =item The Basic Principle
2072 =item Packing Numbers
2078 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
2080 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
2082 =item Floating point Numbers
2086 =item Exotic Templates
2098 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
2102 =item Template Grouping
2104 =item Lengths and Widths
2108 =item String Lengths
2110 =item Dynamic Templates
2112 =item Counting Repetitions
2116 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
2120 =item The Alignment Pit
2122 =item Alignment, Take 2
2124 =item Alignment, Take 3
2126 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
2132 =item Funnies Section
2138 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
2146 =item Ordinary Paragraph
2148 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2150 =item Command Paragraph
2152 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
2153 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
2154 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
2155 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
2157 =item Formatting Codes
2159 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2160 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2161 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
2162 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
2163 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
2164 (zero-effect) formatting code
2168 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2170 =item Hints for Writing Pod
2180 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
2187 =item Pod Definitions
2191 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
2192 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
2194 =item Pod Formatting Codes
2196 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2197 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
2198 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2199 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2200 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
2201 contains non-breaking spaces
2203 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
2205 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
2207 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
2209 =item About =over...=back Regions
2211 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
2219 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
2229 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
2231 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
2233 =item Location of Perl
2235 =item Command Switches
2237 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>], B<-A [I<assertions>]>, B<-a>, B<-C
2238 [I<number/list>]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>,
2239 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
2240 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
2241 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
2242 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
2243 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
2244 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
2250 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
2251 :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
2252 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
2253 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG,
2254 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS, PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN
2255 (specific to the VMS port)
2259 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2267 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
2275 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
2277 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
2279 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
2283 =item Backward Compatibility
2285 =item Category Hierarchy
2287 =item Fatal Warnings
2289 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
2301 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2307 =item The Perl Debugger
2311 =item Debugger Commands
2313 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
2314 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
2315 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
2316 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
2317 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
2318 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
2319 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
2320 command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
2321 command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
2322 file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
2325 =item Configurable Options
2327 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
2328 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
2329 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
2330 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
2331 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
2332 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
2335 =item Debugger input/output
2337 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
2340 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2342 =item Debugger Customization
2344 =item Readline Support
2346 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2348 =item The Perl Profiler
2352 =item Debugging regular expressions
2354 =item Debugging memory usage
2362 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
2370 =item Predefined Names
2372 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
2373 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
2374 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
2375 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
2376 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
2377 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
2378 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
2379 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
2380 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
2381 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
2382 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
2383 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
2384 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
2385 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
2386 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
2387 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
2388 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
2389 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
2390 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
2391 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
2392 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
2393 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
2394 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
2395 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
2396 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
2397 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
2398 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
2399 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
2400 $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
2401 ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
2404 =item Error Indicators
2406 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
2414 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
2424 =item Regular Expressions
2426 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
2428 =item Extended Patterns
2430 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
2431 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
2432 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
2433 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
2437 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
2439 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
2441 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
2443 =item Combining pieces together
2445 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
2446 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
2447 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
2448 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
2450 =item Creating custom RE engines
2460 =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
2472 =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
2474 =item CHARACTER CLASSES
2480 =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
2498 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
2508 =item Making References
2510 =item Using References
2512 =item Symbolic references
2514 =item Not-so-symbolic references
2516 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
2518 =item Function Templates
2528 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
2536 =item Format Variables
2546 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
2554 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
2562 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
2564 =item A Class is Simply a Package
2566 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
2568 =item Method Invocation
2570 =item Indirect Object Syntax
2572 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
2574 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
2580 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
2588 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
2600 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
2605 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
2606 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
2607 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
2608 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
2613 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
2614 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
2615 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
2617 =item Tying FileHandles
2619 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
2620 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
2625 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
2637 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
2645 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
2646 B<filter_fetch_value>
2652 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
2654 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
2664 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
2665 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
2675 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
2683 =item Deferred Signals (Safe signals)
2685 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
2686 "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
2690 =item Using open() for IPC
2696 =item Background Processes
2698 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
2700 =item Safe Pipe Opens
2702 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
2704 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
2708 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
2712 =item Internet Line Terminators
2714 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
2716 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
2720 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
2724 =item A Simple Client
2726 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
2728 =item A Webget Client
2730 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
2734 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
2736 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
2738 =item UDP: Message Passing
2752 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
2762 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
2764 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
2765 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
2766 files, directories and network sockets
2768 =item Resource limits
2770 =item Killing the parent process
2772 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
2774 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
2776 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
2777 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
2778 application, Thread-safety of extensions
2790 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
2798 =item Storing numbers
2800 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
2802 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
2804 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
2805 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
2806 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
2815 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
2823 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2825 =item Threaded Program Models
2837 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
2839 =item Thread-Safe Modules
2845 =item Basic Thread Support
2847 =item A Note about the Examples
2849 =item Creating Threads
2851 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2853 =item Ignoring A Thread
2857 =item Threads And Data
2861 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2863 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
2867 =item Synchronization and control
2871 =item Controlling access: lock()
2873 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2875 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2877 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2879 =item Basic semaphores
2881 =item Advanced Semaphores
2883 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
2885 =item Giving up control
2889 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2893 =item What Thread Am I In?
2897 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2899 =item What Threads Are Running?
2903 =item A Complete Example
2905 =item Different implementations of threads
2907 =item Performance considerations
2909 =item Process-scope Changes
2911 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
2919 =item Introductory Texts
2921 =item OS-Related References
2923 =item Other References
2927 =item Acknowledgements
2935 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
2941 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2943 =item Threaded Program Models
2955 =item Native threads
2957 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2959 =item Threadsafe Modules
2965 =item Basic Thread Support
2967 =item Creating Threads
2969 =item Giving up control
2971 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2973 =item Errors In Threads
2975 =item Ignoring A Thread
2979 =item Threads And Data
2983 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2985 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2987 =item Controlling access: lock()
2989 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2991 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2995 =item Threads And Code
2999 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3001 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
3003 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
3005 =item Subroutine Locks
3009 =item Locking A Subroutine
3013 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3017 =item What Thread Am I In?
3021 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3023 =item What Threads Are Running?
3027 =item A Complete Example
3035 =item Introductory Texts
3037 =item OS-Related References
3039 =item Other References
3043 =item Acknowledgements
3051 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
3057 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
3066 =item Numbers endianness and Width
3068 =item Files and Filesystems
3070 =item System Interaction
3072 =item Command names versus file pathnames
3076 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
3078 =item External Subroutines (XS)
3080 =item Standard Modules
3084 =item Character sets and character encoding
3086 =item Internationalisation
3088 =item System Resources
3098 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
3099 http://testers.cpan.org/
3107 =item DOS and Derivatives
3115 =item EBCDIC Platforms
3123 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3127 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3129 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
3130 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
3131 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
3132 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
3133 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
3134 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
3135 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
3136 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent,
3137 getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
3138 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
3139 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
3140 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
3141 kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
3142 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
3143 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
3144 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
3145 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
3146 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
3147 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
3148 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
3149 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
3150 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
3151 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
3152 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
3153 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
3154 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
3160 v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000,
3161 v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999,
3162 v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
3163 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December
3164 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August
3165 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
3167 =item Supported Platforms
3171 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3175 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
3182 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
3188 =item The use locale pragma
3190 =item The setlocale function
3192 =item Finding locales
3194 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
3196 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
3198 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
3200 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
3202 =item Fixing system locale configuration
3204 =item The localeconv function
3206 =item I18N::Langinfo
3210 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
3214 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
3216 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
3218 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
3220 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
3224 =item Other categories
3232 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
3233 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
3239 =item Backward compatibility
3241 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
3243 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
3245 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
3247 =item Freely available locale definitions
3251 =item An imperfect standard
3255 =item Unicode and UTF-8
3261 =item Broken systems
3271 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
3281 =item Perl's Unicode Support
3283 =item Perl's Unicode Model
3285 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
3287 =item Creating Unicode
3289 =item Handling Unicode
3291 =item Legacy Encodings
3295 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
3299 =item Advanced Topics
3303 =item Questions With Answers
3305 =item Hexadecimal Notation
3307 =item Further Resources
3311 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
3315 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3317 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
3321 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
3329 =item Important Caveats
3331 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
3332 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
3334 =item Byte and Character Semantics
3336 =item Effects of Character Semantics
3342 =item User-Defined Character Properties
3344 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
3346 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
3348 =item Unicode Encodings
3350 =item Security Implications of Unicode
3352 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
3356 =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
3358 =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
3360 =item Using Unicode in XS
3368 =item Interaction with Locales
3370 =item Interaction with Extensions
3374 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
3382 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
3388 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
3396 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
3400 =item 13 variant characters
3408 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
3410 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
3412 =item Unicode and UTF
3418 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
3420 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
3422 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
3436 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
3438 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
3440 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
3442 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
3450 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
3452 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
3454 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
3456 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
3460 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
3464 =item URL decoding and encoding
3466 =item uu encoding and decoding
3468 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
3470 =item Caesarian ciphers
3474 =item Hashing order and checksums
3478 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
3490 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
3510 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
3518 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
3520 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
3522 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
3526 =item Protecting Your Programs
3530 =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
3538 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
3550 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
3556 =item Making your module threadsafe
3564 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
3568 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
3572 =item Pragmatic Modules
3574 assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
3575 bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding,
3576 fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re,
3577 sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version,
3578 vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
3580 =item Standard Modules
3582 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
3583 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
3584 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
3585 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
3586 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
3587 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
3588 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf,
3589 Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5,
3590 DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte,
3591 Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config,
3592 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess,
3593 Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR,
3594 Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO,
3595 Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode,
3596 Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
3597 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
3598 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
3599 ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
3600 ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
3601 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
3602 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
3603 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
3604 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish,
3605 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
3606 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
3607 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
3608 File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
3609 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
3610 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
3611 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File,
3612 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
3613 I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
3614 IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
3615 IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg,
3616 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
3617 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
3618 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
3619 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
3620 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::Scalar, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex,
3621 Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
3622 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
3623 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
3624 Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
3625 Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
3626 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
3627 PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint,
3628 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
3629 Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
3630 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
3631 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
3632 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
3633 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
3634 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
3635 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
3636 Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
3637 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
3638 Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps,
3639 Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
3640 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
3641 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
3642 Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
3643 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
3644 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
3645 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
3648 =item Extension Modules
3662 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
3663 Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan
3665 =item Central America
3671 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
3672 Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
3673 Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
3674 Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United
3679 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
3680 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
3681 Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey,
3682 New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas,
3683 Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
3687 Australia, New Zealand, United States
3691 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
3697 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
3701 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
3703 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
3705 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
3713 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
3719 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
3723 =item Before you start
3731 =item Release considerations
3735 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
3739 =item Has it been done before?
3741 =item Do one thing and do it well
3743 =item What's in a name?
3747 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
3751 =item To OO or not to OO?
3753 =item Designing your API
3755 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
3756 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
3759 =item Strictness and warnings
3761 =item Backwards compatibility
3763 =item Error handling and messages
3767 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
3773 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
3775 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
3776 perl Build test, perl Build install
3780 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
3784 =item Version numbering
3786 =item Pre-requisites
3796 =item COMMON PITFALLS
3800 =item Reinventing the wheel
3802 =item Trying to do too much
3804 =item Inappropriate documentation
3810 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
3811 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
3818 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
3828 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
3829 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
3843 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
3853 =item What should I make into a module?
3855 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
3857 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
3859 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
3861 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
3862 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
3863 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
3865 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
3867 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
3868 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
3878 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3888 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3889 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3890 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3891 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3895 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3897 =item Administration
3899 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3903 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3904 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3912 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3922 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3926 =item Using The Back Ends
3930 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3934 =item The Decompiling Back End
3936 =item The Lint Back End
3938 =item The Simple C Back End
3940 =item The Bytecode Back End
3942 =item The Optimized C Back End
3946 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3948 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3949 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3950 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3952 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3958 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3968 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3970 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3972 B<Decryption Filters>
3974 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3976 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3978 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3982 =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
3984 Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
3994 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
4004 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
4005 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
4009 =item Compiling your C program
4011 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
4013 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
4015 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
4017 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
4019 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
4021 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
4023 =item Execution of END blocks
4025 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
4027 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
4032 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
4044 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
4050 =item Debugger Internals
4054 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
4058 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
4060 =item Debugging regular expressions
4064 =item Compile-time output
4066 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
4067 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
4068 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
4071 =item Types of nodes
4073 =item Run-time output
4077 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
4081 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
4083 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
4084 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
4087 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
4089 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
4091 =item B<-DL> details
4095 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
4103 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
4115 =item Version caveat
4117 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
4129 =item What has gone on?
4131 =item Writing good test scripts
4135 =item What's new here?
4137 =item Input and Output Parameters
4139 =item The XSUBPP Program
4141 =item The TYPEMAP file
4143 =item Warning about Output Arguments
4147 =item What has happened here?
4149 =item Anatomy of .xs file
4151 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
4153 =item More about XSUB arguments
4155 =item The Argument Stack
4157 =item Extending your Extension
4159 =item Documenting your Extension
4161 =item Installing your Extension
4165 =item New Things in this Example
4169 =item New Things in this Example
4171 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
4173 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
4175 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
4177 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
4193 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
4205 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
4207 =item The Argument Stack
4209 =item The RETVAL Variable
4211 =item The MODULE Keyword
4213 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4215 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4217 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4219 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4221 =item The CODE: Keyword
4223 =item The INIT: Keyword
4225 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4227 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4229 =item Default Parameter Values
4231 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4233 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4235 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4237 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4239 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4241 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4243 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4245 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4247 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4249 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4251 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4253 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4255 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4257 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4259 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4261 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4263 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4265 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4267 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
4269 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4271 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4273 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4275 =item The CASE: Keyword
4277 =item The & Unary Operator
4279 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4281 =item Using XS With C++
4283 =item Interface Strategy
4285 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4289 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4291 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4303 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4313 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4315 =item File Operations
4317 =item File Input and Output
4319 =item File Positioning
4321 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4323 =item Character Class Tests
4325 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4327 =item Miscellaneous functions
4335 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4347 =item What is an "IV"?
4349 =item Working with SVs
4353 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4355 =item Working with AVs
4357 =item Working with HVs
4359 =item Hash API Extensions
4361 =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
4365 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4367 =item Creating New Variables
4369 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4371 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4373 =item Stashes and Globs
4375 =item Double-Typed SVs
4377 =item Magic Variables
4379 =item Assigning Magic
4381 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4385 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4387 =item Localizing changes
4389 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4390 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4391 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4392 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4393 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4394 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4395 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4396 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4397 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4398 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4406 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4408 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4410 =item Memory Allocation
4414 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4418 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4428 =item Examining the tree
4430 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4432 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4434 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4436 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4438 =item Pluggable runops
4442 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4444 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4448 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4450 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4452 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4454 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4456 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4460 =item Internal Functions
4462 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4466 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4468 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4470 =item Source Documentation
4474 =item Unicode Support
4478 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4480 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4482 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4484 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4486 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4488 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4492 =item Custom Operators
4500 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4506 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4508 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4510 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4530 =item Determining the Context
4534 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4540 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4542 =item Passing Parameters
4544 =item Returning a Scalar
4546 =item Returning a list of values
4548 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4550 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4554 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4558 =item Using call_argv
4560 =item Using call_method
4564 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4566 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4568 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4569 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4572 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4574 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4586 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4592 =item "Gimme" Values
4594 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4596 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4598 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4599 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4600 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4602 =item Callback Functions
4604 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4605 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4607 =item Character classes
4609 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4611 =item Cloning an interpreter
4615 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4617 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4619 =item Embedding Functions
4621 cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
4622 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4624 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4626 packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str
4628 =item Global Variables
4630 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4634 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4635 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4639 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4641 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4643 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4644 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4645 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4646 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4647 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4649 =item Magical Functions
4651 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4652 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4653 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4655 =item Memory Management
4657 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4658 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4660 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4662 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, new_version, scan_version, strEQ,
4663 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking,
4664 sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, upg_version, vcmp, vnumify, vstringify
4666 =item Numeric functions
4668 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4671 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4673 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4675 =item Pad Data Structures
4679 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4681 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4682 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4683 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4684 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4685 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4689 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4691 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4693 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4694 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4695 SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off,
4696 SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW,
4697 SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
4698 SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX,
4699 SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
4700 SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
4701 SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
4702 SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
4703 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
4704 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on,
4705 SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on,
4706 SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, SvVOK, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal,
4707 sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen,
4708 sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
4709 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg,
4710 sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear,
4711 sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from,
4712 sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow,
4713 sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8,
4714 sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4715 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4716 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4717 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
4718 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
4719 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
4720 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
4721 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
4722 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
4723 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
4724 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
4725 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4727 =item Unicode Support
4729 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4730 pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display,
4731 to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper,
4732 utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length,
4733 utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4736 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4738 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4739 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4741 =item Warning and Dieing
4751 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4758 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
4762 =item Functions in file pad.h
4764 CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS,
4765 PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH,
4766 PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL,
4767 PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR, PAD_SV,
4768 PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV
4770 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
4774 =item Global Variables
4776 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4787 =item Pad Data Structures
4789 CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
4790 pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
4791 pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
4792 pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
4794 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4798 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4800 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4808 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4818 =item History and Background
4820 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4822 =item Data Structures
4824 =item Functions and Attributes
4826 =item Per-instance Data
4828 =item Layers in action.
4830 =item Per-instance flag bits
4832 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4833 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4834 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4835 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4837 =item Methods in Detail
4839 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4840 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4841 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4842 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4845 =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
4847 C implementations, Perl implementations
4851 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4853 =item Extension Layers
4855 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4863 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4871 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4872 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4873 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4874 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4875 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4876 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4877 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4878 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4879 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4880 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4881 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4885 =item Co-existence with stdio
4887 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4888 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4890 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4892 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4893 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4894 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4895 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4897 =item Other Functions
4899 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4900 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4906 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4912 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4913 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4914 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4915 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4916 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4917 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4918 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4922 =item Keeping in sync
4924 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4925 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4927 =item Why rsync the source tree
4929 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
4931 =item Why rsync the patches
4933 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4934 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4936 =item Perlbug administration
4938 =item Submitting patches
4940 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4941 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4943 =item Finding Your Way Around
4945 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4947 =item Elements of the interpreter
4949 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4951 =item Internal Variable Types
4957 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4959 =item Millions of Macros
4961 =item The .i Targets
4963 =item Poking at Perl
4965 =item Using a source-level debugger
4967 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4968 finish, 'enter', print
4970 =item gdb macro support
4972 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4976 =item Patching a core module
4978 =item Adding a new function to the core
4980 =item Writing a test
4982 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4983 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
4984 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
4986 =item Special Make Test Targets
4988 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.valgrind check.valgrind
4989 utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third utest.third
4990 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8,
4993 =item Running tests by hand
4995 PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
4999 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5003 =item Rational Software's Purify
5005 =item Purify on Unix
5007 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5011 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5015 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5017 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5021 =item Gprof Profiling
5023 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5025 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5027 =item Pixie Profiling
5029 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5032 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5036 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5044 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
5052 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
5058 =item To do during 5.6.x
5062 =item Support for I/O disciplines
5064 =item Autoload bytes.pm
5066 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
5068 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
5070 =item Overloadable regex assertions
5074 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
5076 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
5078 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
5080 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
5082 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
5084 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
5086 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
5088 =item Complete signal handling
5090 =item Out-of-source builds
5092 =item POSIX realtime support
5094 =item UNIX98 support
5098 =item Long double conversion
5102 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
5104 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
5106 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
5108 =item Security audit shipped utilities
5110 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
5112 =item Custom opcodes
5114 =item DLL Versioning
5116 =item Introduce @( and @)
5118 =item Floating point handling
5120 =item IV/UV preservation
5122 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
5124 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
5126 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
5128 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
5130 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
5132 =item Document Win32 choices
5134 =item Check new modules
5136 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
5140 =item To do at some point
5144 =item Remove regular expression recursion
5146 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
5148 =item bitfields in pack
5150 =item Cross compilation
5152 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
5154 =item Perl lexer in Perl
5156 =item Using POSIX calls internally
5158 =item -i rename file when changed
5160 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
5162 =item Support for rerunning debugger
5164 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
5166 =item my sub foo { }
5168 =item One-pass global destruction
5170 =item Rewrite regexp parser
5172 =item Cache recently used regexps
5174 =item Cross-compilation support
5176 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
5178 =item debugger pragma
5180 =item use less pragma
5182 =item switch structures
5184 =item Cache eval tree
5188 =item Shrink opcode tables
5190 =item Optimize away @_
5192 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
5196 =item Prototype method calls
5198 =item Return context prototype declarations
5202 =item Garbage collection
5206 =item Rewrite perldoc
5208 =item Install .3p manpages
5210 =item Unicode tutorial
5212 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
5214 =item Retargetable installation
5216 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
5218 =item Rename Win32 headers
5220 =item Finish off lvalue functions
5222 =item Update sprintf documentation
5224 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
5226 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
5228 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
5230 =item Should overload be inheritable?
5234 =item Perform correctly when XSUBs call subroutines that exit via
5235 goto(LABEL) and friends
5243 =item ref() in list context
5245 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
5247 =item Compile to real threaded code
5249 =item Structured types
5251 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
5253 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
5257 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
5261 =item foreach(reverse ...)
5263 =item Constant function cache
5265 =item Approximate regular expression matching
5273 =item Update guts documentation
5275 =item Add more tests
5277 =item Update auxiliary tools
5279 =item Create debugging macros
5281 =item truncate to the people
5283 =item Unicode in Filenames
5287 =item Unicode in %ENV
5289 =item Recently done things
5293 =item Alternative RE syntax module
5295 =item Safe signal handling
5301 =item setitimer and getimiter
5303 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5305 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5307 =item Explicit switch statements
5315 =item perlcc to produce executable
5317 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5319 =item Secure temporary file module
5321 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5323 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5325 =item Mmap for input
5327 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
5329 =item Add sockatmark support
5331 =item Mailing list archives
5335 =item Integrate MacPerl
5337 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5339 =item Regular expression tutorial
5341 =item Debugging Tutorial
5343 =item Integrate new modules
5345 =item Integrate profiler
5347 =item Y2K error detection
5349 =item Regular expression debugger
5353 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5355 =item Cache precompiled modules
5359 =item Deprecated Wishes
5363 =item Loop control on do{}
5365 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5371 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5373 =item Named prototypes
5375 =item Built-in globbing
5377 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5379 =item Cached hash values
5381 =item Add compression modules
5383 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5385 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5387 =item Make XS easier to use
5389 =item Make embedding easier to use
5393 =item my $Package::variable
5395 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5397 =item "class"-based lexicals
5401 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5403 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5405 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5407 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5413 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
5423 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
5424 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
5425 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
5426 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>,
5427 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
5438 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5446 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5458 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5460 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5464 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5468 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
5474 =item Incompatible Changes
5478 =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
5482 =item Core Enhancements
5486 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5490 =item Modules and Pragmata
5492 =item Utility Changes
5494 =item New Documentation
5496 =item Performance Enhancements
5498 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5500 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5502 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5504 =item Changed Internals
5508 =item Known Problems
5510 =item Platform Specific Problems
5512 =item Reporting Bugs
5518 =head2 perl58delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5524 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5526 =item Incompatible Changes
5530 =item Binary Incompatibility
5532 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5534 =item AIX Dynaloading
5536 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
5538 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5540 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5542 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
5544 =item New Unicode Properties
5546 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5548 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5550 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
5556 =item Core Enhancements
5560 =item Unicode Overhaul
5562 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5566 =item Restricted Hashes
5570 =item Understanding of Numbers
5572 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5574 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5578 =item Modules and Pragmata
5582 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5584 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5588 =item Utility Changes
5590 =item New Documentation
5592 =item Performance Enhancements
5594 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5598 =item Generic Improvements
5600 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5604 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5608 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5612 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5614 =item Changed Internals
5616 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
5620 =item Known Problems
5624 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5626 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5628 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5630 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5632 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5634 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5636 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5638 =item PDL failing some tests
5642 =item Self-tying Problems
5644 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5646 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5648 =item Timing problems
5650 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
5652 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
5656 =item Platform Specific Problems
5662 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5668 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
5670 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
5672 =item DJGPP Failures
5674 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
5676 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
5678 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
5680 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5682 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5684 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5688 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
5690 =item OS/2 Test Failures
5692 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5698 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
5700 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
5702 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5714 =item XML::Parser not working
5718 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5720 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5724 =item Reporting Bugs
5732 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
5740 =item Reporting Bugs
5748 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5754 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5756 =item Incompatible Changes
5760 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5762 =item AIX Dynaloading
5764 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5766 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5772 =item Core Enhancements
5774 =item Modules and Pragmata
5778 =item New Modules and Distributions
5780 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5784 =item Utility Changes
5786 =item New Documentation
5788 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5792 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5794 =item Generic Improvements
5798 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5802 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5806 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5808 =item Source Code Enhancements
5812 =item MAGIC constants
5814 =item Better commented code
5816 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5824 =item Known Problems
5830 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5832 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5834 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5836 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5838 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5840 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5844 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5846 =item Failure of Thread tests
5856 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5858 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5860 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5862 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5864 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5866 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5870 =item Reporting Bugs
5878 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5884 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5886 =item Incompatible Changes
5888 =item Core Enhancements
5892 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5894 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5896 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5900 =item Modules and Pragmata
5906 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5910 =item Performance Enhancements
5912 =item Utility Changes
5914 =item New Documentation
5930 =item README.solaris
5934 =item Porting/repository.pod
5938 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5942 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5944 =item Generic Improvements
5946 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5947 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5948 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5952 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5956 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5960 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5962 =item Changed Internals
5966 =item Known Problems
5970 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5972 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5974 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5976 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5980 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5982 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5984 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5986 =item Failure of Thread tests
5988 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5990 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5992 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5994 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5998 =item Reporting Bugs
6006 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
6012 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6014 =item Incompatible Changes
6016 =item Core Enhancements
6018 =item Modules and Pragmata
6024 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6028 =item Utility Changes
6030 =item New Documentation
6032 =item Performance Enhancements
6034 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6038 =item Generic Improvements
6042 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6046 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6050 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6052 =item Changed Internals
6054 =item Known Problems
6058 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
6060 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
6062 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6064 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6066 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6068 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
6070 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6072 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
6074 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
6076 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6080 =item Reporting Bugs
6088 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
6094 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
6098 =item Security Issues
6100 =item Core bug fixes
6102 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
6103 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
6104 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
6105 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
6106 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
6107 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
6112 =item Configuration issues
6116 =item Bundled modules
6118 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
6119 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
6120 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
6121 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
6123 =item Platform-specific improvements
6125 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
6129 =item Core Enhancements
6133 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6135 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6137 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6139 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6141 =item "our" declarations
6143 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6145 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6147 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6149 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6151 =item open() with more than two arguments
6153 =item 64-bit support
6155 =item Large file support
6161 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6163 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6165 =item File globbing implemented internally
6167 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6169 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6171 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6173 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6175 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6177 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6179 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6181 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6183 =item Comments in pack() templates
6185 =item Weak references
6187 =item Binary numbers supported
6189 =item Lvalue subroutines
6191 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6193 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6195 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6197 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6199 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6201 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6203 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6205 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6207 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6209 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6211 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6213 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6215 =item Improved diagnostics
6217 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6219 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6221 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6223 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6225 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6227 =item Improved security features
6229 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6231 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6233 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6235 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6237 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6239 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6241 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6245 =item Modules and Pragmata
6251 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6252 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6253 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6254 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6255 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6256 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6257 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6258 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6264 =item Utility Changes
6278 =item The Perl Debugger
6282 =item Improved Documentation
6284 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6285 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6286 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6287 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6289 =item Performance enhancements
6293 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6295 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6297 =item Faster subroutine calls
6299 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6303 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6307 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6309 =item New Configure flags
6311 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6317 =item -Duselargefiles
6319 =item installusrbinperl
6325 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6327 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6331 =item Platform specific changes
6335 =item Supported platforms
6339 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6347 =item Significant bug fixes
6351 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6353 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6355 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6357 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6359 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6361 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6363 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6365 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6367 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6369 =item Locale bugs fixed
6373 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6375 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6377 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6379 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6383 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6385 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6386 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6387 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6388 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6389 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6390 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6391 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6392 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6393 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6394 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6395 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6396 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6397 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6398 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6399 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6400 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6401 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6402 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6403 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6404 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6405 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6406 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6407 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6408 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6409 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6410 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6411 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6412 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6413 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6414 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6415 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6416 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6417 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6418 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6419 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6420 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6421 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6422 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6423 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6424 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6425 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6426 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6427 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6428 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6429 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6430 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6431 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6432 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6433 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6434 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6438 =item Incompatible Changes
6442 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6444 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6445 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6446 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6447 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6448 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6449 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6450 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6451 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6452 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6453 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6454 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6456 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6458 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6460 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6462 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6464 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6468 =item Known Problems
6472 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6474 =item Known test failures
6476 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6478 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6480 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6482 =item Experimental features
6484 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6485 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6486 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6490 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6492 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6493 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6494 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6495 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6497 =item Reporting Bugs
6505 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6511 =item Core Enhancements
6515 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6517 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6519 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6521 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6523 =item "our" declarations
6525 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6527 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6529 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6531 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6533 =item open() with more than two arguments
6535 =item 64-bit support
6537 =item Large file support
6543 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6545 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6547 =item File globbing implemented internally
6549 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6551 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6553 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6555 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6557 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6559 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6561 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6563 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6565 =item Comments in pack() templates
6567 =item Weak references
6569 =item Binary numbers supported
6571 =item Lvalue subroutines
6573 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6575 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6577 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6579 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6581 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6583 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6585 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6587 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6589 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6591 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6593 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6595 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6597 =item Improved diagnostics
6599 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6601 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6603 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6605 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6607 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6609 =item Improved security features
6611 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6613 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6615 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6617 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6619 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6621 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6623 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6627 =item Modules and Pragmata
6633 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6634 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6635 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6636 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6637 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6638 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6639 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6640 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6646 =item Utility Changes
6660 =item The Perl Debugger
6664 =item Improved Documentation
6666 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6667 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6668 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6669 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6671 =item Performance enhancements
6675 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6677 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6679 =item Faster subroutine calls
6681 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6685 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6689 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6691 =item New Configure flags
6693 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6699 =item -Duselargefiles
6701 =item installusrbinperl
6707 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6711 =item Platform specific changes
6715 =item Supported platforms
6719 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6727 =item Significant bug fixes
6731 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6733 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6735 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6737 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6739 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6741 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6743 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6745 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6747 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6749 =item Locale bugs fixed
6753 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6755 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6757 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6759 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6763 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6765 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6766 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6767 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6768 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6769 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6770 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6771 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6772 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6773 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6774 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6775 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6776 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6777 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6778 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6779 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6780 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6781 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6782 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6783 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6784 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6785 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6786 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6787 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6788 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6789 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6790 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6791 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6792 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6793 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6794 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6795 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6796 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6797 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6798 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6799 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6800 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6801 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6802 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6803 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6804 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6805 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6806 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6807 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6808 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6809 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6810 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6811 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6812 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6813 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6814 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6818 =item Incompatible Changes
6822 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6824 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6825 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6826 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6827 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6828 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6829 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6830 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6831 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6832 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6833 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6834 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6836 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6838 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6840 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6842 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6844 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6848 =item Known Problems
6852 =item Thread test failures
6854 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6856 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6858 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6860 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6863 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6865 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6867 =item Experimental features
6869 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6870 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6871 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6875 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6877 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6878 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6879 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6880 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6882 =item Reporting Bugs
6890 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6896 =item About the new versioning system
6898 =item Incompatible Changes
6902 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6904 =item Default installation structure has changed
6906 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6908 =item C Source Compatibility
6910 =item Binary Compatibility
6912 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6914 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6928 =item Regular Expressions
6930 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6931 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6932 improvements, Incompatible changes
6934 =item Improved malloc()
6936 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6938 =item Reliable signals
6940 =item Reliable stack pointers
6942 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6946 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6948 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6950 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6952 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6954 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6956 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6958 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6960 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6962 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6964 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6966 =item Better locale support
6968 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6970 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6972 =item Extended support for exception handling
6974 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6976 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6978 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6980 =item New C<lock> keyword
6982 =item New C<qr//> operator
6984 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6986 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6988 =item Tied handles support is better
6990 =item 4th argument to substr
6992 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6994 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6996 =item <> now reads in records
7000 =item Supported Platforms
7006 =item Changes in existing support
7010 =item Modules and Pragmata
7016 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
7017 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
7018 Thread, attrs, fields, re
7020 =item Changes in existing modules
7022 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
7023 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
7027 =item Utility Changes
7029 =item Documentation Changes
7031 =item New Diagnostics
7033 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
7034 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
7035 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
7036 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
7037 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
7038 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
7039 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
7040 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
7041 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
7042 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
7043 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
7044 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
7045 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
7046 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
7047 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
7048 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
7049 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
7051 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7053 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
7054 temporary file, regexp too big
7056 =item Configuration Changes
7066 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
7072 =item Supported Environments
7078 =item List assignment to %ENV works
7080 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
7082 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
7084 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
7086 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
7088 =item More precise warnings
7090 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
7092 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
7094 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
7096 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
7098 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
7100 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
7102 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
7104 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
7106 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
7108 =item Changes to tainting checks
7110 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
7111 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
7113 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
7115 =item Embedding improvements
7117 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
7119 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
7121 =item New and changed syntax
7125 =item New and changed builtin constants
7129 =item New and changed builtin variables
7133 =item New and changed builtin functions
7135 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
7136 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
7137 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
7138 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
7139 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
7141 =item New builtin methods
7143 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
7145 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
7147 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
7148 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
7150 =item Malloc enhancements
7152 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
7154 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
7158 =item Support for More Operating Systems
7174 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
7175 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
7181 =item Required Updates
7183 =item Installation directories
7185 =item Module information summary
7199 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
7203 =item Utility Changes
7209 Sends converted HTML to standard output
7213 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
7217 =item C Language API Changes
7219 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
7222 =item Documentation Changes
7224 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
7225 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
7227 =item New Diagnostics
7229 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
7230 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
7231 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
7232 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
7233 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
7234 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
7235 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
7236 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
7237 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
7238 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
7239 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
7240 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
7241 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
7242 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
7243 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
7244 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
7245 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
7246 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
7247 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
7248 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
7249 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
7250 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
7251 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
7252 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
7253 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
7263 =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
7271 =item The "Artistic License"
7279 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
7280 copying fee", "Freely Available"
7284 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
7290 =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
7302 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7306 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7314 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7318 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7320 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7322 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7324 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7330 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7340 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7356 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7358 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7360 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7362 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7368 =item Accessing documentation
7372 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7374 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7376 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7378 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7382 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7386 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7388 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7390 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7392 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7394 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7398 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7406 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
7416 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7424 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7426 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7430 =item Contact Information
7432 =item Update 2002-05-30
7438 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7448 =item gzip on BS2000
7450 =item bison on BS2000
7452 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7454 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7456 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7458 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7460 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7462 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7464 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7494 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
7495 celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources
7499 go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run
7504 =item Acknowledgements
7510 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7516 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7520 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7522 =item Cygwin Configuration
7524 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7528 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7532 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7534 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7536 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7537 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7539 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7541 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7542 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7545 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7547 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7551 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7555 =item Errors on Cygwin
7561 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7565 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7567 =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
7569 =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
7571 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7573 Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
7577 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7579 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7581 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7582 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7584 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7592 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7604 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7608 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7610 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7612 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7614 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7624 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7634 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7638 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7640 =item Building Perl on DOS
7642 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7644 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7648 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7652 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7654 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7656 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7658 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7668 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7676 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7678 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7682 =item Editors on Epoc
7684 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7686 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7688 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7692 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7700 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
7708 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
7710 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
7712 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
7720 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7729 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7731 =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
7733 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7745 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7747 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7749 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7751 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7753 =item The GNU C Compiler
7755 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7757 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7759 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7761 =item Oracle on HP-UX
7763 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7765 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7767 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7769 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7773 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7781 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7789 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7797 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
7805 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
7807 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
7809 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
7811 =item Linker Problems in Irix
7813 =item Malloc in Irix
7815 =item Building with threads in Irix
7825 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7834 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7836 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7838 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7840 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7850 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7864 =head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
7874 =item Installation Prefix
7876 =item libperl and Prebinding
7878 =item Updating Panther
7880 =item Known problems
7896 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7902 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7908 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7916 =item Binary distribution from HP
7918 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7920 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7922 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7924 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7926 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7928 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7929 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7931 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7935 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7937 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7939 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7941 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7943 =item Perl/iX Change History
7959 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
7971 =item Build new extensions
7973 =item Acknowledgements
7981 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
8001 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
8003 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
8005 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
8009 =item Frequently asked questions
8013 =item "It does not work"
8015 =item I cannot run external programs
8017 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
8020 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
8023 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
8025 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
8033 =item Automatic binary installation
8035 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
8037 =item Manual binary installation
8039 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
8040 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
8041 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
8042 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
8043 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
8049 =item Accessing documentation
8053 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
8061 =item GNU C<info> files
8073 =item The short story
8077 =item Getting perl source
8079 =item Application of the patches
8087 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
8090 =item Installing the built perl
8092 =item C<a.out>-style build
8100 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
8102 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
8104 =item Problems with tr or sed
8106 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
8108 =item Library ... not found
8110 =item Segfault in make
8112 =item op/sprintf test failure
8116 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
8120 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
8124 =item C<extproc> on the first line
8126 =item Additional modules:
8128 =item Prebuilt methods:
8130 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
8131 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
8132 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
8133 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
8134 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
8135 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
8136 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
8137 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
8138 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
8139 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
8140 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
8141 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
8143 =item Prebuilt variables:
8145 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
8152 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
8155 =item Identifying DLLs
8157 =item Centralized management of resources
8159 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
8160 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
8161 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
8162 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
8176 =item F<perl___.exe>
8178 =item Why strange names?
8180 =item Why dynamic linking?
8182 =item Why chimera build?
8190 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
8192 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
8194 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
8196 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
8198 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
8200 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
8208 =item Text-mode filehandles
8212 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
8214 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
8216 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
8219 =item DLL forwarder generation
8223 =item Calls to external programs
8225 =item Memory allocation
8229 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
8245 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
8258 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
8260 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
8262 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
8264 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
8266 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8268 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8270 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8272 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
8274 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8276 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
8286 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
8294 =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
8302 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
8304 =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
8306 =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
8308 =item Known Problems
8318 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
8328 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
8330 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
8332 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
8334 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
8338 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
8342 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
8354 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
8362 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
8364 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
8366 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
8368 =item QNX auxiliary files
8372 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
8380 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
8388 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
8394 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
8400 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
8402 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
8404 =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
8408 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
8412 =item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
8414 =item Threads in perl on Solaris.
8416 =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
8420 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
8422 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
8423 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
8424 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8430 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8432 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8436 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8438 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8442 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8446 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8448 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8452 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8454 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8456 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8466 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8467 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8475 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8477 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8479 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8481 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8483 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
8485 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8487 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8491 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8493 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8495 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8501 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8509 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8511 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8517 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8527 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8529 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8531 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8533 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8535 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8545 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8551 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8559 =item Organization of Perl Images
8565 =item Perl Extensions
8567 =item Installing static extensions
8569 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8573 =item File specifications
8579 =item Wildcard expansion
8585 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8591 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8593 =item Command line switches
8599 =item Perl functions
8601 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8602 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8603 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8604 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8606 =item Perl variables
8608 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8610 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8624 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8630 =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
8632 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8634 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8638 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8640 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8646 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8654 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8664 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8666 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8667 SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW32 with gcc, MinGW release 1
8671 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8673 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8675 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8677 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8678 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8679 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
8681 =item Running Perl Scripts
8683 Miscellaneous Things
8687 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8691 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8692 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8693 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8701 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8703 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8715 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8725 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8726 data structures between threads
8738 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8739 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8751 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8760 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8761 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
8762 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
8766 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8772 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
8773 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8775 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8781 =head2 assertions - select assertions in blocks of code
8793 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
8797 =head2 assertions::activate - activate assertions
8809 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
8813 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8823 =item Built-in Attributes
8825 locked, method, lvalue
8827 =item Available Subroutines
8831 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8833 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8835 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8843 =item Default exports
8845 =item Available exports
8847 =item Export tags defined
8857 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8873 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8887 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
8899 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8903 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8925 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8937 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8943 inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
8947 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8965 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRationale support for Perl
8989 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8990 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8991 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8992 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8993 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
9003 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
9017 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
9030 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
9039 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
9041 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
9045 =item Anonymous hashes
9049 =item Alias shortcut
9053 =item charnames::viacode(code)
9055 =item charnames::vianame(name)
9059 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
9065 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
9077 =item List constants
9079 =item Defining multiple constants at once
9081 =item Magic constants
9085 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
9095 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
9106 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
9108 =item The I<splain> Program
9122 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
9132 =item Literal Conversions
9134 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
9138 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
9140 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
9144 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
9145 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
9147 =item The Filter Option
9151 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
9161 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
9163 =item tr/// with ranges
9165 Legend of characters above
9169 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
9171 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
9173 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
9181 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
9195 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
9205 =item subpragma access
9211 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
9225 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
9236 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
9246 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
9256 =item Adding directories to @INC
9258 =item Deleting directories from @INC
9260 =item Restoring original @INC
9274 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
9285 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
9293 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
9295 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
9301 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
9313 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
9323 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
9325 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
9327 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
9329 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
9331 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
9333 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
9335 =item Overloadable Operations
9337 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
9338 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
9339 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
9341 =item Inheritance and overloading
9343 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
9344 is inherited by derived classes
9348 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
9356 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
9358 =item Copy Constructor
9364 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
9366 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
9367 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
9368 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
9371 =item Losing overloading
9373 =item Run-time Overloading
9375 =item Public functions
9377 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
9379 =item Overloading constants
9381 integer, float, binary, q, qr
9383 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9385 =item Metaphor clash
9391 =item Two-face scalars
9393 =item Two-face references
9395 =item Symbolic calculator
9397 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
9405 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
9406 type, `%s' is not a code reference
9412 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
9424 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
9426 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
9430 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
9434 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
9442 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
9454 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
9462 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9468 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9478 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9479 structures between threads
9491 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9492 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9504 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9515 =item Utility functions
9517 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
9518 FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9519 utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
9529 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9539 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
9549 =item What IS a version
9551 Numeric Versions, V-String Versions
9553 =item Numeric Versions
9555 =item V-String Versions
9557 =item Object Methods
9559 New Operator, Stringification, Numification, Comparison operators, Logical
9564 =item Types of Versions Objects
9566 Ordinary versions, alpha versions
9568 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
9580 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9588 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9592 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9600 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9601 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9602 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9603 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9604 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9608 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9618 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9620 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9630 =item DBM Comparisons
9640 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9650 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9654 =item Typed lexicals
9656 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9658 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9660 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9662 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9670 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9671 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9672 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9673 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9674 be able to apply END handler>
9684 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9694 =item Subroutine Stubs
9696 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9698 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9700 =item Package Lexicals
9702 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9704 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9714 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9722 $keep, $check, $modtime
9726 =item Multiple packages
9734 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9744 =item Utility Functions
9748 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
9751 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
9752 check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
9754 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
9756 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
9758 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
9760 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
9762 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
9764 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
9765 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9769 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9773 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9777 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
9781 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9795 =item B::PVMG Methods
9799 =item B::MAGIC Methods
9801 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9803 =item B::PVLV Methods
9805 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9809 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9813 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9814 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9818 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9819 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9823 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS
9827 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
9828 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
9832 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9834 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9838 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9840 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9844 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9848 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9852 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9856 =item B::PMOP Methods
9858 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9859 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
9861 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9865 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9869 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9873 =item B::LOOP Methods
9875 redoop, nextop, lastop
9877 =item B::COP Methods
9879 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io
9887 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9896 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9902 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9914 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9934 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9946 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
9956 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9966 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9967 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9968 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9979 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9989 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9990 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9991 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
10003 =item Context of ".."
10007 =item Deprecated features
10015 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
10027 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
10028 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
10029 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
10031 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
10033 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
10034 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
10035 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
10036 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
10037 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
10038 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
10039 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
10040 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
10042 =item ABBREVIATIONS
10046 =item OP flags abbreviations
10048 =item OP class abbreviations
10052 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
10058 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
10070 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
10080 B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
10081 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
10083 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
10093 =item ambient_pragmas
10095 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
10107 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
10119 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
10127 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
10129 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<bare-subs>,
10130 B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
10131 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
10133 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
10143 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
10153 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10161 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
10173 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
10185 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
10187 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
10199 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
10209 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
10217 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10237 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
10251 =item Standard Exports
10253 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
10254 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
10255 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
10257 =item Optional Exports
10259 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
10260 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
10261 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
10263 =item :hireswallclock
10279 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
10283 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
10297 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10309 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10319 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
10331 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
10333 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
10335 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
10337 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
10339 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
10341 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
10343 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
10345 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
10347 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
10349 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
10351 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
10353 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
10355 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
10357 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
10359 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
10361 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
10363 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
10365 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
10366 B<:standard>, B<:all>
10370 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
10371 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
10374 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
10376 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
10377 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
10382 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
10386 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
10388 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
10390 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
10392 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
10394 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
10396 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
10398 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
10400 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
10401 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
10403 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
10407 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
10411 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
10413 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
10415 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
10417 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
10419 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
10421 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
10422 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
10424 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
10428 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
10432 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
10434 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
10436 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
10438 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
10442 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
10444 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
10446 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
10450 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
10452 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
10454 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
10458 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
10462 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
10466 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
10470 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
10474 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
10476 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
10478 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
10482 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
10484 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
10485 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
10487 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
10493 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
10494 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
10496 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
10498 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
10499 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
10502 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10508 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10512 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10514 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10515 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
10516 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
10517 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10518 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
10519 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10521 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10523 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
10528 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
10530 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
10532 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
10533 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
10535 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
10537 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10541 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
10542 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10543 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10544 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10545 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10546 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10547 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10548 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10549 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10550 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10551 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10552 ...and many many more..
10554 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10562 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10572 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10580 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10589 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10591 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10595 =item Changing the default message
10599 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10601 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
10609 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10617 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10619 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10623 =item Creating New Cookies
10625 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10627 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10629 =item Manipulating Cookies
10631 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10635 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10643 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10651 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10653 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10655 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10657 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10659 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10661 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10665 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10673 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10683 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10685 =item Customizing the Indenting
10697 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10705 =item USING CGI::Push
10707 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10711 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10713 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10717 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10719 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10727 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10737 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10745 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10753 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10759 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10771 =item Interactive Mode
10773 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10774 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10775 distribution, ls author, Signals
10783 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10785 =item Programmer's interface
10787 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10789 =item Methods in the other Classes
10791 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10792 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10793 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10794 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10795 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10796 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10797 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10798 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10799 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10800 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10801 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10802 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10803 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10804 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10805 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10806 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10807 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10808 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10809 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10810 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10811 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10812 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10813 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10814 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10815 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10816 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10818 =item Cache Manager
10822 =item Prerequisites
10824 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10828 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10832 =item CONFIGURATION
10834 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10835 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10836 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10837 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10841 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10843 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10851 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10853 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10857 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10859 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10861 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10867 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10879 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10889 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10902 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10912 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10920 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10922 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10932 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10933 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10934 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10936 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10944 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10954 =item The C<struct()> function
10956 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10958 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10960 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10961 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10963 =item Initializing with C<new>
10969 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10971 =item Author and Modification History
10975 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10983 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
10995 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10999 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
11000 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
11001 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
11002 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
11006 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
11010 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
11011 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
11012 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
11013 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
11014 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
11015 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
11016 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
11020 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
11021 C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>,
11022 C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>,
11023 C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>,
11024 C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>,
11025 C<d_const>, C<d_copysignl>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>,
11026 C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>,
11027 C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>,
11028 C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>,
11029 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>,
11030 C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>,
11031 C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>,
11032 C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>,
11033 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
11034 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>,
11035 C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>,
11036 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>,
11037 C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>,
11038 C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>,
11039 C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>,
11040 C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>,
11041 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
11042 C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>,
11043 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>,
11044 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
11045 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
11046 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
11047 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
11048 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
11049 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
11050 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
11051 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
11052 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
11053 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
11054 C<d_htonl>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
11055 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
11056 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>,
11057 C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>,
11058 C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>,
11059 C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>,
11060 C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>,
11061 C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_modflproto>,
11062 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
11063 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
11064 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
11065 C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>,
11066 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
11067 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
11068 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
11069 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
11070 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
11071 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
11072 C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
11073 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
11074 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
11075 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
11076 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
11077 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>,
11078 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
11079 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
11080 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
11081 C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>,
11082 C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>,
11083 C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
11084 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>,
11085 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
11086 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
11087 C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
11088 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
11089 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
11090 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
11091 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>,
11092 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
11093 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
11094 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
11095 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
11096 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>,
11097 C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
11098 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
11099 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
11100 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
11101 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
11102 C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>, C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>,
11103 C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
11104 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
11105 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
11106 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
11107 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
11108 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
11109 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
11110 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
11111 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
11115 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
11116 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
11117 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
11118 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
11122 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
11123 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
11128 C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
11129 C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
11130 C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
11131 C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
11132 C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
11133 C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
11134 C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
11135 C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
11136 C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
11137 C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
11141 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
11142 C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
11146 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
11147 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
11148 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
11149 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
11150 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
11151 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
11152 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
11153 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
11154 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
11155 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
11156 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
11157 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
11158 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
11159 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
11160 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
11161 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
11162 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
11163 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
11164 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>,
11165 C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>,
11166 C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
11167 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitehtml1dir>,
11168 C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>, C<installsiteman1dir>,
11169 C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>, C<installstyle>,
11170 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
11171 C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>, C<installvendorlib>,
11172 C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>, C<installvendorscript>,
11173 C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
11177 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
11181 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
11182 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
11183 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
11184 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
11185 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
11186 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
11191 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
11192 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
11193 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
11197 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>,
11198 C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>,
11203 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
11204 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
11205 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
11206 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
11207 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
11211 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
11212 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
11216 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
11217 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
11221 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
11222 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
11223 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
11224 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
11228 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
11232 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
11233 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
11234 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
11238 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
11239 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
11240 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
11241 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
11242 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
11243 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
11244 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
11245 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>,
11246 C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>,
11247 C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>,
11248 C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>,
11249 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
11250 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
11251 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
11252 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
11253 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>,
11254 C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
11255 C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
11256 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>,
11257 C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
11261 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
11262 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
11267 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
11268 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
11269 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
11270 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
11271 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>,
11272 C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>,
11273 C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>,
11274 C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>,
11275 C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>,
11280 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
11281 C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>,
11282 C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>,
11283 C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>,
11284 C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>,
11285 C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
11286 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
11290 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
11294 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
11306 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
11316 =item getcwd and friends
11318 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
11320 =item abs_path and friends
11322 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
11334 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
11346 =item Global Variables
11348 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
11349 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
11354 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
11355 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
11357 =item Client Callback Methods
11359 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
11360 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
11361 CLIENT->output(LIST)
11371 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
11379 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
11383 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
11385 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
11387 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
11389 =item Default Parameters
11391 =item In Memory Databases
11399 =item A Simple Example
11407 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
11409 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
11411 =item The get_dup() Method
11413 =item The find_dup() Method
11415 =item The del_dup() Method
11417 =item Matching Partial Keys
11425 =item The 'bval' Option
11427 =item A Simple Example
11429 =item Extra RECNO Methods
11431 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
11432 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
11433 length, elements);>
11435 =item Another Example
11439 =item THE API INTERFACE
11441 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
11442 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
11443 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
11444 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
11448 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
11449 B<filter_fetch_value>
11455 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
11457 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
11461 =item HINTS AND TIPS
11465 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
11467 =item Safe ways to lock a database
11469 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
11471 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
11473 =item The untie() Gotcha
11477 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
11481 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
11483 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
11485 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
11487 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
11507 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
11508 printing and C<eval>
11520 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
11521 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
11522 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
11529 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
11555 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11563 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11575 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
11597 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11607 =item Runtime debugging
11609 =item Memory footprint debugging
11617 =item A simple scalar string
11619 =item A simple scalar number
11621 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11623 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11625 =item A reference to an array
11627 =item A reference to a hash
11629 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11631 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11633 =item A reference to a subroutine
11647 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11657 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11665 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11669 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11670 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
11671 $ctx->add($data,...), $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest,
11672 $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11680 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11690 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11694 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
11695 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11707 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11719 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11731 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11732 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11733 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11738 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11739 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11745 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11753 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11754 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11755 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11756 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11763 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11774 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
11776 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
11780 =item Order of initialization: early load()
11784 =item The most hairy case
11794 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11802 =item Table of Contents
11814 =item PERL ENCODING API
11816 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11817 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11818 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11823 =item Listing available encodings
11825 =item Defining Aliases
11829 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11831 =item Handling Malformed Data
11833 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11834 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11835 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11836 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11841 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11845 =item Defining Encodings
11847 =item The UTF-8 flag
11849 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11853 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11855 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11865 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11873 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11878 =item Alias overloading
11886 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11900 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11902 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11918 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11920 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11922 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11936 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11946 =item Methods you should implement
11948 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
11949 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
11951 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11953 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11955 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11959 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11963 =item Compiled Encodings
11969 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11973 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11983 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11984 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11985 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11995 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
12005 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
12013 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12015 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
12017 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
12031 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
12033 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
12049 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
12055 =item How does it work?
12057 =item Line Buffering
12061 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12069 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
12077 =item Encoding Names
12081 =item Supported Encodings
12085 =item Built-in Encodings
12087 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12089 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12091 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12092 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12094 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12096 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12097 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12098 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12100 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12102 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12106 =item Unsupported encodings
12108 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12109 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12110 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12111 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12113 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12115 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12119 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12121 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12127 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12128 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12135 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12136 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12140 =item Other Notable Sites
12142 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12143 "Introduction to i18n"
12145 =item Offline sources
12147 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12153 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
12167 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
12183 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
12191 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
12193 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
12199 =item by endianness
12201 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
12205 =item Surrogate Pairs
12211 =head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
12225 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
12234 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12239 =item Alias overloading
12247 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
12248 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12250 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
12253 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
12256 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
12257 Implementation Base Class
12267 =item Methods you should implement
12269 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12270 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12272 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12274 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
12276 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12280 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12284 =item Compiled Encodings
12290 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12294 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
12305 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12306 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12307 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12317 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
12318 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12320 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
12323 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
12326 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
12327 and 'Q' header encoding
12343 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
12344 on Encode and PerlIO
12350 =item How does it work?
12352 =item Line Buffering
12356 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12364 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
12365 supported by Encode
12373 =item Encoding Names
12377 =item Supported Encodings
12381 =item Built-in Encodings
12383 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12385 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12387 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12388 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12390 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12392 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12393 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12394 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12396 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12398 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12402 =item Unsupported encodings
12404 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12405 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12406 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12407 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12409 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12411 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12415 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12417 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12423 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12424 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12431 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12432 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12436 =item Other Notable Sites
12438 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12439 "Introduction to i18n"
12441 =item Offline sources
12443 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12449 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
12464 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12476 =item Predefined Methods
12478 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12479 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12480 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12482 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12484 =item Operator Overloading
12492 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
12493 non-ascii or non-utf8
12503 =item Literal Conversions
12505 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
12509 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
12511 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
12515 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
12516 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
12518 =item The Filter Option
12522 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
12532 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
12534 =item tr/// with ranges
12536 Legend of characters above
12540 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
12542 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
12544 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
12552 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12564 =item Predefined Methods
12566 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12567 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12568 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12570 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12572 =item Operator Overloading
12580 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
12593 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12608 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12624 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12634 =item How to Export
12636 =item Selecting What To Export
12638 =item How to Import
12640 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12644 =item Advanced features
12648 =item Specialised Import Lists
12650 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12652 =item Module Version Checking
12654 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12656 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12658 =item Generating combined tags
12660 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12666 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12676 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12697 mv source... destination
12699 cp source... destination
12717 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12731 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
12733 B<perllocal_install>
12737 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12747 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12755 perl_stringify NAME
12759 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12761 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12765 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12773 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12776 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12778 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12780 WriteMakefileSnippet
12782 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12783 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12791 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12803 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12804 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12814 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12832 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
12844 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>
12852 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12864 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12865 packlist(), version()
12873 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12881 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12882 dynamic extensions at load time
12888 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12898 =item VMS implementation
12900 =item Win32 implementation
12908 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12918 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12926 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12936 =item File::Spec wrappers
12944 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12960 makemakerdflt_target
12978 metafile_addtomanifest_target
12982 =item Abstract methods
12984 oneliner, B<quote_literal>, B<escape_newlines>, max_exec_len,
12985 B<init_others>, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform,
12998 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12999 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13013 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13014 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13028 replace_manpage_separator (o)
13032 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13042 =item Overridden methods
13050 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13060 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13061 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13083 init_platform, platform_constants
13089 special_targets (o)
13099 clean_subdirs_target
13103 realclean_subdirs_target
13111 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13112 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13124 init_platform (o), platform_constants
13132 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13133 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13151 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13161 =item Overridden methods
13169 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13179 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13205 clean_subdirs_target
13267 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
13297 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
13341 post_initialize (o)
13355 realclean_subdirs_target
13357 replace_manpage_separator
13379 test_via_harness (override)
13381 test_via_script (override)
13405 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13406 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13416 =item Methods always loaded
13428 guess_name (override)
13432 find_perl (override)
13434 maybe_command (override)
13436 perl_script (override)
13438 replace_manpage_separator
13444 init_main (override)
13446 init_others (override)
13448 init_platform (override)
13452 init_VERSION (override)
13454 constants (override)
13460 const_cccmd (override)
13462 tool_sxubpp (override)
13464 tools_other (override)
13466 init_dist (override)
13476 dynamic_lib (override)
13478 dynamic_bs (override)
13480 static_lib (override)
13482 processPL (override)
13484 installbin (override)
13486 subdir_x (override)
13490 clean_subdirs_target
13492 realclean (override)
13494 zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o)
13496 dist_test (override)
13500 perldepend (override)
13502 makefile (override)
13504 find_tests (override)
13508 makeaperl (override)
13510 nicetext (override)
13512 prefixify (override)
13532 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13533 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13545 =item Overridden methods
13551 replace_manpage_separator
13561 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
13563 special_targets (o)
13585 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
13595 =item Overriden methods
13611 clean_subdirs_target
13613 realclean_subdirs_target
13623 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
13633 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
13643 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
13645 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
13653 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
13657 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
13659 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
13661 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
13663 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
13665 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
13666 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
13667 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
13668 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
13669 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
13670 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
13671 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH,
13672 INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR,
13673 INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
13674 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
13675 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
13676 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT,
13677 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
13678 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW,
13679 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
13680 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
13681 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION,
13682 VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
13684 =item Additional lowercase attributes
13686 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
13687 test, tool_autosplit
13689 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
13691 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
13693 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
13695 =item Hintsfile support
13697 =item Distribution Support
13699 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
13700 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
13701 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
13703 =item Module Meta-Data
13705 =item Disabling an extension
13707 =item Other Handy Functions
13715 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
13725 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
13734 =item Philosophy and History
13736 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What's
13737 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
13738 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
13740 =item Module Writing
13742 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
13743 this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!
13747 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
13748 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
13761 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
13775 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
13784 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version agnostic bytes.pm
13794 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform agnostic vmsish.pm
13804 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
13842 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
13846 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
13854 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
13855 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
13859 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
13867 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
13879 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
13889 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
13898 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
13906 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13918 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13926 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13936 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13948 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13958 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13962 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
13970 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
13974 C<basename>, C<dirname>
13978 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
13992 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
14006 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
14016 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
14018 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
14030 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
14040 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
14052 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
14060 B<find>, B<finddepth>
14066 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
14067 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
14068 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
14070 =item The wanted function
14072 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
14073 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
14074 pathname to the file
14082 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
14090 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
14098 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
14099 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
14100 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
14104 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
14112 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
14126 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
14136 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
14137 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
14138 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
14146 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
14158 file_name_is_absolute
14162 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
14182 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
14200 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
14228 file_name_is_absolute
14260 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
14270 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
14303 file_name_is_absolute
14325 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
14341 =item Methods always loaded
14343 canonpath (override)
14361 case_tolerant (override)
14365 file_name_is_absolute (override)
14367 splitpath (override)
14369 splitdir (override)
14383 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
14409 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
14419 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
14455 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
14469 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
14479 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
14487 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
14499 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
14501 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
14513 =item Temporary files and NFS
14525 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
14541 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
14549 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
14559 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
14567 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
14573 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
14587 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
14589 =item All-in-one interface
14591 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
14593 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
14596 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
14598 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
14599 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
14600 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
14602 described in the previous section.
14604 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
14606 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
14618 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
14628 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
14632 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
14634 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
14642 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
14644 =item Example 2: Using the context
14646 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
14648 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
14652 =item Filter::Simple
14660 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
14668 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
14680 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
14696 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
14704 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
14706 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
14710 =item Simple options
14712 =item A little bit less simple options
14714 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
14716 =item Options with values
14718 =item Options with multiple values
14720 =item Options with hash values
14722 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
14724 =item Options with multiple names
14726 =item Case and abbreviations
14728 =item Summary of Option Specifications
14730 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
14735 =item Advanced Possibilities
14739 =item Object oriented interface
14741 =item Thread Safety
14743 =item Documentation and help texts
14745 =item Storing options in a hash
14749 =item The lonesome dash
14751 =item Argument callback
14755 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
14757 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
14758 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
14759 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
14760 (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
14761 (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
14762 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
14764 =item Exportable Methods
14766 VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
14768 =item Return values and Errors
14774 =item Default destinations
14776 =item Alternative option starters
14778 =item Configuration variables
14782 =item Trouble Shooting
14786 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
14788 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
14791 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
14793 =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
14795 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
14801 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14805 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
14814 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
14818 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
14828 =item Restricted hashes
14830 lock_keys, unlock_keys
14836 lock_value, unlock_value
14838 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
14850 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
14861 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
14872 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
14874 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
14876 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14878 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14880 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
14882 the function super_languages($lang1)
14884 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
14886 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
14888 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
14890 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
14894 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
14896 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
14906 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
14914 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
14916 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
14918 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
14919 Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
14920 Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
14921 {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
14922 {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
14923 {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
14924 : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
14925 Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
14926 Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
14927 : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
14928 Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
14929 : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
14930 Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
14931 Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
14932 (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
14933 {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
14934 Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
14935 Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
14936 (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
14937 American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
14938 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
14939 : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
14940 Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
14941 Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
14942 {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
14943 : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
14944 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
14945 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
14946 Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
14947 Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
14948 {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
14949 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
14950 : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
14951 English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
14952 (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
14953 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
14954 : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
14955 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
14956 (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
14957 Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
14958 {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
14959 {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
14960 German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
14961 : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
14962 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
14963 Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
14964 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
14965 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
14966 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
14967 {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
14968 (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
14969 (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
14970 Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
14971 Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
14972 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
14973 Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
14974 {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14975 Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
14976 : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
14977 {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
14978 {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
14979 {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
14980 Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
14981 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
14982 Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
14983 Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
14984 Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
14985 (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
14986 : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
14987 {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
14988 {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
14989 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
14990 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
14991 Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
14992 [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
14993 Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
14994 Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
14995 {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
14996 languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
14997 {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
14998 {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
14999 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
15000 {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
15001 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
15002 Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
15003 : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
15004 Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
15005 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
15006 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
15007 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
15008 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
15009 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
15010 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
15011 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
15012 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
15013 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
15014 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
15015 Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
15016 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
15017 Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
15018 {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
15019 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
15020 Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
15021 Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
15022 (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
15023 {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
15024 Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
15025 South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
15026 Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
15027 {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
15028 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
15029 {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
15030 Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
15031 Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
15032 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
15033 {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
15034 Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
15035 : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
15036 Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
15037 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
15038 Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
15039 : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
15040 : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
15041 Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
15042 Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
15043 : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
15048 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15054 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
15072 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15076 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
15088 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
15096 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15097 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15107 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15117 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15121 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
15129 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
15139 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15143 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15144 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15145 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15146 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15158 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15168 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15172 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15182 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15192 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15193 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
15203 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
15211 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
15212 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
15221 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
15231 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
15235 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
15236 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
15237 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
15247 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
15261 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
15262 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
15272 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
15288 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
15301 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
15315 hostpath(), peerpath()
15325 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
15334 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15335 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15345 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15355 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15359 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
15367 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
15378 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15382 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15383 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15384 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15385 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15397 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15407 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15411 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15421 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15431 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15432 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
15442 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
15451 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
15452 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
15461 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
15472 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
15476 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
15477 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
15478 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
15488 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
15503 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
15504 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
15514 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
15515 AF_INET domain sockets
15531 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
15544 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
15545 AF_UNIX domain sockets
15559 hostpath(), peerpath()
15569 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
15579 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
15580 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
15591 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
15605 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
15618 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
15628 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
15629 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
15630 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
15641 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
15659 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
15669 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
15670 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
15681 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
15692 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
15693 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
15694 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
15705 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
15713 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
15714 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
15718 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
15724 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
15725 general-utility list subroutines
15733 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
15734 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
15738 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
15744 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
15745 general-utility scalar subroutines
15753 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
15754 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
15755 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
15765 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
15773 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15777 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
15785 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
15793 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15795 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15797 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15798 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15800 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15802 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
15804 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
15810 =item rename_country
15818 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15822 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
15823 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
15824 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
15825 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
15833 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
15834 identification (ISO 4217)
15844 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15846 code2currency(), currency2code()
15848 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15850 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
15854 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15858 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
15859 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
15867 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
15876 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15878 code2language(), language2code()
15880 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15882 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
15886 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15890 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
15891 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
15899 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
15907 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15913 =item Construction Methods
15915 =item The "maketext" Method
15917 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
15919 =item Utility Methods
15921 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
15922 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
15923 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
15924 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
15926 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
15930 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
15932 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
15934 =item BRACKET NOTATION
15936 =item AUTO LEXICONS
15938 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
15940 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
15944 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15950 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
15958 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
15962 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
15964 =item The Linguistic View
15966 =item Breaking gettext
15968 =item Replacing gettext
15970 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
15972 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
15974 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
15976 =item Buzzword: Concision
15978 =item The Devil in the Details
15980 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
15988 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
15996 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16000 =item SPECIAL CODES
16004 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16006 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16007 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16009 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16011 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
16015 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16019 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
16020 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
16028 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
16036 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
16040 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
16048 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
16049 of quoted-printable strings
16057 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16063 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
16072 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16078 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
16088 =item Canonical notation
16092 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
16094 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
16098 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
16099 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
16107 =item Autocreating constants
16113 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
16121 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
16131 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
16139 Canonical notation, Input, Output
16163 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
16165 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
16167 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
16168 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
16170 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
16256 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
16266 =item Rounding mode R
16268 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
16269 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
16270 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
16283 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
16291 =item Autocreating constants
16297 =item Alternative math libraries
16303 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
16311 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
16317 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
16322 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
16323 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
16324 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
16334 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
16346 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
16350 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
16352 the same terms as Perl itself.
16360 =head2 Math::BigInt::Scalar - Pure Perl module to test Math::BigInt with
16371 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
16373 the same terms as Perl itself.
16381 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationales
16403 =item denominator()
16405 $d = $x->denominator();
16415 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
16423 =item is_positive()
16425 =item is_negative()
16445 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
16446 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer
16456 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
16469 =item STRINGIFICATION
16473 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
16479 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
16481 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
16489 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
16497 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
16503 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
16505 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
16509 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
16511 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
16515 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
16517 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
16519 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
16520 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
16524 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
16530 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
16540 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
16558 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
16560 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
16564 =item OTHER FACILITIES
16570 =item C<flush_cache>
16576 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
16578 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
16586 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16592 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
16601 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
16612 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
16624 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
16632 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
16640 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
16649 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
16658 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
16666 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
16674 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16680 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16684 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16688 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
16699 =item Enforcing redispatch
16701 =item Avoiding repetitions
16703 =item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
16705 =item Using C<EVERY> methods
16711 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
16717 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
16727 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
16730 =item CLASS METHODS
16732 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
16733 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
16734 ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
16744 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
16754 requires_firewall HOST
16756 =item NetConfig VALUES
16758 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
16759 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
16760 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
16764 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
16773 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
16781 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
16793 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
16797 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
16798 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
16799 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
16800 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
16801 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ),
16802 dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put (
16803 LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ),
16804 append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size
16805 ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[
16806 BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ),
16807 stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (),
16808 pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique (
16809 SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ),
16814 =item Methods for the adventurous
16820 =item THE dataconn CLASS
16822 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
16823 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
16825 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
16827 B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
16829 =item REPORTING BUGS
16837 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
16845 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
16855 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
16859 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
16860 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
16861 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
16862 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
16863 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
16864 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
16865 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
16869 =item Extension methods
16871 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
16872 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
16873 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
16874 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
16883 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
16893 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
16903 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
16907 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
16908 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
16909 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
16910 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
16922 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
16934 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
16935 ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
16936 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
16937 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
16938 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
16955 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
16967 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
16971 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
16972 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
16973 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
16974 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
16975 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
16976 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
16989 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
16997 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
16998 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
17006 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
17023 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
17031 =item Where to get this document
17033 =item How to contribute to this document
17037 =item Author and Copyright Information
17045 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
17049 =item What is libnet ?
17051 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
17053 =item What other modules do I need ?
17055 =item What machines support libnet ?
17057 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
17061 =item Using Net::FTP
17065 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
17067 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
17069 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
17071 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
17074 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
17076 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
17078 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
17080 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
17082 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
17084 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
17087 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
17089 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
17092 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
17095 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
17099 =item Using Net::SMTP
17103 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
17106 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
17108 =item The verify method always returns true ?
17112 =item Debugging scripts
17116 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
17120 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
17124 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
17141 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
17156 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
17173 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
17181 =item THE .netrc FILE
17183 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
17188 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
17192 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
17202 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
17212 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17220 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
17228 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17234 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17238 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17242 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
17254 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
17256 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
17257 or optag, an operator set (opset)
17259 =item Opcode Functions
17261 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
17262 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
17263 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
17266 =item Manipulating Opsets
17268 =item TO DO (maybe)
17274 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
17276 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
17277 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
17278 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
17287 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
17296 a new namespace, an operator mask
17302 =item RECENT CHANGES
17304 =item Methods in class Safe
17306 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17307 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17308 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17309 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17311 =item Some Safety Issues
17313 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17321 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
17334 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
17348 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
17349 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
17350 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
17351 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
17352 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
17353 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
17354 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
17355 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
17356 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
17357 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
17358 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
17359 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
17360 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
17361 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
17362 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
17363 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
17364 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
17365 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
17366 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
17367 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
17368 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
17369 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
17370 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
17371 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
17372 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
17379 =item POSIX::SigAction
17381 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
17383 =item POSIX::SigSet
17385 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
17387 =item POSIX::Termios
17389 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
17390 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
17391 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
17392 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
17393 values, c_oflag field values
17397 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
17401 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
17405 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
17459 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
17460 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
17464 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
17473 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop
17477 =item Custom Layers
17481 =item Alternatives to raw
17483 =item Defaults and how to override them
17485 =item Querying the layers of filehandle
17495 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
17507 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
17517 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
17525 =item EXPECTED METHODS
17527 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
17528 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
17529 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
17530 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
17531 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
17532 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
17533 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
17534 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
17540 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
17546 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
17556 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17562 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
17568 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
17574 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
17586 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
17587 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
17588 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
17589 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
17590 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
17591 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
17592 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
17593 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
17598 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
17599 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
17600 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
17601 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
17602 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
17603 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
17608 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
17609 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
17621 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
17623 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
17626 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
17628 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
17630 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
17632 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
17634 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
17636 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
17644 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
17656 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
17658 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
17665 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
17671 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
17673 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
17680 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
17692 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
17702 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
17703 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
17718 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
17731 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
17732 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
17738 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
17762 =item B<was_cutting()>
17768 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
17774 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
17780 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
17786 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
17792 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
17798 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
17804 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
17810 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
17816 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
17822 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
17828 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
17834 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
17840 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
17846 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
17852 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
17858 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
17864 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
17870 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
17876 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
17882 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
17888 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
17894 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
17900 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
17906 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
17912 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
17918 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
17924 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
17930 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
17936 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
17948 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
17960 =item OBJECT METHODS
17968 =item Data Accessors
17984 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
17986 B<StartWithNewPage>
18000 =item Subclassed methods
18014 B<interior_sequence>
18030 =item Methods for headings
18038 =item Internal methods
18044 B<_replace_special_chars>
18046 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
18052 B<_clean_latex_commands>
18054 B<_split_delimited>
18070 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
18078 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
18083 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
18084 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
18085 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
18096 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18100 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
18112 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18116 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
18130 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
18138 $list-E<gt>indent()
18146 $list-E<gt>parent()
18152 =item Pod::Hyperlink
18154 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
18158 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
18160 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
18164 $link-E<gt>warning()
18166 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
18172 $link-E<gt>alttext()
18182 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
18188 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
18192 =item Pod::Cache::Item
18194 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
18198 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
18200 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
18202 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
18204 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
18206 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
18208 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
18210 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
18220 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
18232 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
18234 =item PARSING OPTIONS
18236 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
18237 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
18243 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18251 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18257 =item B<verbatim()>
18259 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18265 =item B<textblock()>
18267 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18273 =item B<interior_sequence()>
18279 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18291 =item B<initialize()>
18297 =item B<begin_pod()>
18303 =item B<begin_input()>
18309 =item B<end_input()>
18321 =item B<preprocess_line()>
18327 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
18333 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
18339 =item B<parse_text()>
18341 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
18342 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
18343 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
18349 =item B<interpolate()>
18355 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
18361 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
18367 =item B<parse_from_file()>
18373 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
18379 =item B<errorsub()>
18391 =item B<parseopts()>
18397 =item B<output_file()>
18403 =item B<output_handle()>
18409 =item B<input_file()>
18415 =item B<input_handle()>
18421 =item B<input_streams()>
18427 =item B<top_stream()>
18433 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
18439 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
18445 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
18451 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
18459 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
18469 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18475 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
18487 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18493 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
18505 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18511 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
18521 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18527 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
18537 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18543 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
18555 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18561 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
18575 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
18585 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18591 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
18599 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
18603 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
18604 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
18616 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
18636 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
18649 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
18651 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
18657 =item OBJECT METHODS
18663 =item B<curr_headings()>
18675 =item B<add_selection()>
18681 =item B<clear_selections()>
18687 =item B<match_section()>
18693 =item B<is_selected()>
18699 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
18705 =item B<podselect()>
18707 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
18713 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
18719 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
18725 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
18731 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
18743 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
18751 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
18755 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
18756 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
18757 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
18768 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18772 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
18786 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18790 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
18805 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18809 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
18824 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18828 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
18837 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
18846 =item Recommended Use
18854 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
18858 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
18866 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
18872 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
18876 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
18880 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
18888 a new namespace, an operator mask
18894 =item RECENT CHANGES
18896 =item Methods in class Safe
18898 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
18899 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
18900 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
18901 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
18903 =item Some Safety Issues
18905 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
18913 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
18921 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
18922 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
18923 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
18933 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
18943 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
18953 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
18963 =item The __DATA__ token
18965 =item SelfLoader autoloading
18967 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
18969 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
18971 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
18973 =item Classes and inherited methods.
18977 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
18981 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
18991 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
18999 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
19000 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
19008 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
19009 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
19010 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
19011 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
19012 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
19016 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
19026 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
19030 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
19032 =item CODE REFERENCES
19034 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
19036 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
19038 =item ERROR REPORTING
19046 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
19051 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
19052 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
19060 =item Storable magic
19070 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
19082 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
19096 =item Allowing fall-through
19098 =item Automating fall-through
19100 =item Alternative syntax
19102 =item Higher-order Operations
19118 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
19128 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
19140 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
19141 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19149 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19150 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19151 in 5.004_02), closelog
19161 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
19162 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19170 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19171 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19172 in 5.004_02), closelog
19182 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
19192 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
19193 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
19194 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
19198 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
19208 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19212 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
19228 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
19230 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19232 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19234 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
19242 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19250 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
19258 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
19268 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
19269 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
19277 =item Minimal set of supported functions
19279 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
19280 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
19282 =item Additional supported functions
19284 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
19294 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
19302 =item QUICK START GUIDE
19308 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
19309 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
19319 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
19325 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
19329 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
19339 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
19359 =item Setting up tests
19377 =item Running tests
19383 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
19385 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
19411 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
19423 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
19427 =item Test Status and Info
19461 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
19471 =item The test script output
19473 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
19474 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
19479 =item Configuration variables.
19481 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
19485 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
19512 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
19513 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
19514 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
19515 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
19519 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
19520 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
19521 C<HARNESS_OK_SLOW>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
19537 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
19563 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
19573 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
19611 =item C<analyze_fh>
19617 =item C<analyze_file>
19629 =item C<_INC2PERL5LIB>
19635 =item C<_filtered_INC>
19641 =item C<_restore_PERL5LIB>
19651 =item C<_is_comment>
19659 =item C<_is_header>
19671 =item C<_is_bail_out>
19677 =item C<_reset_file_state>
19687 =item C<_detailize>
19703 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
19713 =item I love it when a plan comes together
19723 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
19763 =item Conditional tests
19769 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
19771 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
19775 =item Comparison functions
19789 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
19799 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
19801 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
19814 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
19838 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
19847 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
19855 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
19857 =item Where to start?
19861 =item Test the manual
19863 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
19865 =item Testing lots of values
19867 =item Informative names
19869 =item Skipping tests
19873 =item Testing with taint mode.
19885 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
19897 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
19907 =item General behaviour in list contexts
19911 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
19913 =item A note about prefixes
19915 =item C<extract_delimited>
19917 =item C<extract_bracketed>
19919 =item C<extract_variable>
19923 =item C<extract_tagged>
19925 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
19926 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
19928 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
19930 =item C<extract_quotelike>
19932 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
19934 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
19936 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
19938 =item C<extract_codeblock>
19940 =item C<extract_multiple>
19942 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
19948 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
19949 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
19950 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
19951 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
19952 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
19953 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
19954 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
19955 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
19956 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
19957 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
19958 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
19959 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
19964 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
19970 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
19985 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
20002 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
20017 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
20033 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
20045 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
20046 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
20047 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
20051 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
20059 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
20067 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20069 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
20075 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
20083 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20085 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
20089 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
20104 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
20114 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
20122 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
20123 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
20124 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
20125 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
20133 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
20153 =item Option Format
20157 =item Public Methods
20165 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
20171 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
20173 =item Deferred Writing
20177 =item Autodeferring
20181 =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
20187 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
20201 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
20210 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
20211 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
20212 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
20213 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
20215 =item MORE INFORMATION
20217 =item COMPATIBILITY
20221 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
20230 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
20231 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
20233 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
20235 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
20237 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
20239 =item MORE INFORMATION
20243 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
20251 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
20261 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
20279 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
20288 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
20290 =item MORE INFORMATION
20294 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
20306 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
20315 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
20316 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
20317 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer (
20318 $which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer (
20329 =item negative time not invented yet
20331 =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
20339 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20343 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
20351 =item IMPLEMENTATION
20361 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
20376 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
20391 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
20403 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
20411 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<isa( VAL, TYPE )>,
20412 C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<<
20413 CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<can( VAL, METHOD )>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
20419 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
20429 =item Constructor and Tailoring
20431 UCA_Version, alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level,
20432 normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table,
20433 undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
20435 =item Methods for Collation
20437 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
20438 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
20439 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
20440 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
20441 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
20442 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
20443 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
20445 =item Methods for Searching
20447 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
20448 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
20449 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
20450 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
20451 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
20452 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
20453 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
20455 =item Other Methods
20457 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, UCA_Version,
20458 Base_Unicode_Version
20464 =item Conformance Test
20472 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/,
20473 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
20474 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/CollationTest.html
20475 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/CollationTest.zip,
20476 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/, L<Unicode::Normalize>
20480 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
20490 =item Normalization Forms
20492 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
20493 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
20494 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
20496 =item Decomposition and Composition
20498 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
20499 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
20500 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
20504 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
20505 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
20506 check($form_name, $string)>
20508 =item Character Data
20510 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
20511 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
20512 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
20513 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
20514 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
20515 C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
20516 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
20526 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
20527 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
20531 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
20573 =item Blocks versus Scripts
20575 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
20577 =item Code Point Arguments
20603 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
20609 =item Implementation Note
20621 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
20636 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
20647 =item System Specifics
20661 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
20669 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
20671 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
20672 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
20673 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
20674 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
20675 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFolderPath(FOLDER [,
20676 CREATE]), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(),
20677 Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(),
20678 Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
20679 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
20680 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
20681 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
20682 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
20683 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
20684 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
20685 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
20686 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
20687 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
20688 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
20694 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
20704 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
20706 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
20710 =item Order of initialization: early load()
20714 =item The most hairy case
20724 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
20726 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
20727 don't all have manual pages yet:
20761 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob