4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
21 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
22 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
23 Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
24 implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
25 expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
29 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5DB, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERLLIB
43 =head2 perlnews - what's new for perl5.004
47 =item Supported Environments
53 =item Compilation Option: Binary Compatibility With 5.003
55 =item New Opcode Module and Revised Safe Module
57 =item Internal Change: FileHandle Deprecated
59 =item Internal Change: PerlIO internal IO abstraction interface
61 =item New and Changed Built-in Variables
65 =item New and Changed Built-in Functions
67 delete on slices, flock, keys as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures,
68 unpack() and pack(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST,
69 prototype(FUNCTION), $_ as Default
71 =item C<m//g> does not trigger a pos() reset on failure
73 =item New Built-in Methods
75 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ), class(), is_instance()
77 =item TIEHANDLE Now Supported
79 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READLINE this, DESTROY this
85 use blib, use locale, use ops
91 =item Module Information Summary
97 =item Overridden Built-ins
101 =item Efficiency Enhancements
103 =item Documentation Changes
105 L<perlnews>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, L<perldebug>,
108 =item New Diagnostics
110 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, Allocation too
111 large: %lx, Allocation too large, Attempt to free non-existent shared
112 string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, Unsupported function
113 fork, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Integer overflow in
114 hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, Null picture in formline,
115 Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s,
116 Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate
117 words with commas, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist,
118 Got an error from DosAllocMem:, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
119 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
127 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
139 =item Scalar value constructors
141 =item List value constructors
143 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
147 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
155 =item Simple statements
157 =item Compound statements
165 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
169 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
173 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
181 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
183 =item The Arrow Operator
185 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
189 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
191 =item Binding Operators
193 =item Multiplicative Operators
195 =item Additive Operators
197 =item Shift Operators
199 =item Named Unary Operators
201 =item Relational Operators
203 =item Equality Operators
207 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
209 =item C-style Logical And
211 =item C-style Logical Or
215 =item Conditional Operator
217 =item Assignment Operators
221 =item List Operators (Rightward)
227 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
229 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
231 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
233 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
235 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
237 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
238 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
239 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
240 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
244 =item Constant Folding
246 =item Integer Arithmetic
250 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
258 =item Regular Expressions
260 (?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
264 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
266 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
270 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
280 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
281 B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
282 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
283 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
284 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
285 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
289 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
293 I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
297 =item Perl Functions by Category
299 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
300 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
301 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
302 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
303 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
304 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
305 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
306 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
307 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
308 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
311 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
313 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
314 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
315 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
316 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
317 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
318 close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
319 cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose ASSOC_ARRAY, dbmopen
320 ASSOC,DBNAME,MODE, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK,
321 do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each ASSOC_ARRAY, eof FILEHANDLE,
322 eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp
323 EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
324 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE, LIST, getc
325 FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid,
326 getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME,
327 getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
328 getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr
329 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
330 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
331 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
332 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
333 endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt
334 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto
335 &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index
336 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
337 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys ASSOC_ARRAY, kill LIST,
338 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
339 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
340 log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST,
341 map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
342 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL,
343 next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,
344 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
345 NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
346 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
347 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
348 qq/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
349 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
350 readdir DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS,
351 redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR,
352 require, reset EXPR, reset, return LIST, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
353 rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
354 scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
355 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
356 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
357 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
358 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
359 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
360 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
361 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
362 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
363 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
364 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
365 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
366 stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
367 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
368 syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
369 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
370 sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, system LIST, syswrite
371 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
372 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
373 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
374 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
375 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use
376 Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use VERSION, utime LIST, values
377 ASSOC_ARRAY, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
378 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
382 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
388 =item Predefined Names
390 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
391 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
392 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
393 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
394 $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
395 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
396 $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
397 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
398 format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
399 format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
400 EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
401 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
402 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
403 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
404 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
405 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
406 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
407 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME,
408 $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
409 $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}
413 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
421 =item Private Variables via my()
423 =item Temporary Values via local()
425 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
427 =item Pass by Reference
431 =item Constant Functions
433 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
441 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages)
451 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
461 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
465 =item Pragmatic Modules
467 blib, diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap,
470 =item Standard Modules
472 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
473 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Template, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
474 DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
475 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
476 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
477 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal,
478 Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy,
479 File::Find, File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin,
480 GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File,
481 IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2,
482 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, NDBM_File,
483 Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode,
484 Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader,
485 Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap,
486 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
487 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash,
488 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
489 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
491 =item Extension Modules
497 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
498 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
499 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
500 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
501 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
502 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
503 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
504 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
505 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
506 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
507 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
508 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
509 Miscellaneous Modules
511 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
515 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
517 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
518 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
519 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
520 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
521 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
522 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
523 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
524 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
525 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
526 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
527 care when changing a released module
529 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
531 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
532 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
533 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
534 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
536 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
538 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
539 applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
540 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
541 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
542 can then be reduced to a small
546 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
552 =item Format Variables
562 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
568 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
573 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
579 =item The use locale pragma
581 =item The setlocale function
583 =item The localeconv function
587 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
591 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
593 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
595 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
597 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
601 =item Other categories
607 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
608 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
609 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
610 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
611 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
612 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
613 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
614 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
615 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
620 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
627 =item Backward compatibility
629 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
631 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
633 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
635 =item Freely available locale definitions
639 =item An imperfect standard
655 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
661 =item Symbolic references
663 =item Not-so-symbolic references
671 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
675 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
676 more elaborate constructs
680 =item COMMON MISTAKES
682 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
684 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
694 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
696 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
698 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
702 =item HASHES OF LISTS
706 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
708 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
710 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
714 =item LISTS OF HASHES
718 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
720 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
722 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
726 =item HASHES OF HASHES
730 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
732 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
734 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
738 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
742 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
744 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
746 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
756 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
760 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
762 =item Growing Your Own
764 =item Access and Printing
772 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
776 =item Creating a Class
780 =item Object Representation
782 =item Class Interface
784 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
786 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
790 =item Other Object Methods
798 =item Accessing Class Data
800 =item Debugging Methods
802 =item Class Destructors
804 =item Documenting the Interface
814 =item Overridden Methods
816 =item Multiple Inheritance
818 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
822 =item Alternate Object Representations
826 =item Arrays as Objects
828 =item Closures as Objects
832 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
836 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
838 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
842 =item Metaclassical Tools
846 =item Class::Template
848 =item Data Members as Variables
852 =item Object Terminology
862 =item Acknowledgments
866 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
872 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
874 =item A Class is Simply a Package
876 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
878 =item Method Invocation
880 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
882 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ), class(), is_instance()
890 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
896 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
906 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
910 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
915 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
916 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
917 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
919 =item Tying FileHandles
921 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READLINE this, DESTROY this
931 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
935 =item OO SCALING TIPS
937 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
939 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
941 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
943 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
945 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
947 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
949 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
951 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
953 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
957 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
958 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
966 =item Using open() for IPC
970 =item Safe Pipe Opens
972 =item Bidirectional Communication
976 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
980 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
982 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
984 =item UDP: Message Passing
1000 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1004 =item The Perl Debugger
1008 =item Debugger Commands
1010 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n,
1011 E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -,
1012 w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern], t, t expr, b
1013 [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition],
1014 b load filename, d [line], D, a [line] command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"]
1015 [opt?].., recallCommand, ShellBang, pager, tkRunning, signalLevel,
1016 warnLevel, dieLevel, AutoTrace, LineInfo, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
1017 C<frame>, arrayDepth, hashDepth, compactDump, veryCompact, globPrint,
1018 DumpDBFiles, DumpPackages, quote, HighBit, undefPrint, C<TTY>, noTTY,
1019 C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command,
1020 E<gt> command, E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, !
1021 -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, =
1022 [alias value], command, p expr
1024 =item Debugger Customization
1026 =item Readline Support
1028 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1030 =item The Perl Profiler
1032 =item Debugger support in perl
1034 =item Debugger Internals
1036 =item Other resources
1042 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
1046 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
1052 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
1054 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
1060 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
1076 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
1078 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
1079 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
1080 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
1081 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
1083 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
1085 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
1086 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
1087 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
1091 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
1093 =item Numerical Traps
1095 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
1097 =item General data type traps
1099 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
1100 (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
1102 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
1104 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
1106 =item Precedence Traps
1108 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
1111 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
1113 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
1114 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
1117 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
1119 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
1125 =item Interpolation Traps
1127 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
1128 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
1134 =item Unclassified Traps
1140 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
1144 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
1148 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
1150 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
1156 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
1160 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
1168 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a UNIX program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
1169 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
1173 =item Compiling your C program
1175 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
1177 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
1179 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
1181 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
1183 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
1185 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
1187 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
1189 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
1198 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
1204 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
1205 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
1206 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
1207 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
1208 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(s,f)>,
1209 B<PerlIO_putc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
1210 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
1211 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
1212 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
1213 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
1217 =item Co-existence with stdio
1219 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
1220 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
1221 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
1222 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
1223 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
1224 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
1228 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
1238 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
1240 =item The Argument Stack
1242 =item The RETVAL Variable
1244 =item The MODULE Keyword
1246 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
1248 =item The PREFIX Keyword
1250 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
1252 =item The CODE: Keyword
1254 =item The INIT: Keyword
1256 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
1258 =item Initializing Function Parameters
1260 =item Default Parameter Values
1262 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
1264 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
1266 =item The INPUT: Keyword
1268 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
1270 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
1272 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
1274 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
1276 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
1278 =item The BOOT: Keyword
1280 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
1282 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
1284 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
1286 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
1288 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
1290 =item The CASE: Keyword
1292 =item The & Unary Operator
1294 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
1296 =item Using XS With C++
1298 =item Interface Strategy
1300 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
1312 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
1318 =item VERSION CAVEAT
1320 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
1326 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
1328 =item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
1332 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
1334 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
1336 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
1338 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
1344 =item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
1346 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
1348 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
1350 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
1352 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
1354 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
1364 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
1372 =item What is an "IV"?
1374 =item Working with SV's
1376 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
1378 =item Working with AV's
1380 =item Working with HV's
1384 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
1386 =item Creating New Variables
1388 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
1390 =item Stashes and Globs
1394 =item Assigning Magic
1396 =item Magic Virtual Tables
1400 =item Double-Typed SV's
1402 =item XSUB's and the Argument Stack
1404 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
1406 =item Memory Allocation
1412 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
1416 =item Scratchpads and recursions
1420 AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
1421 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
1422 DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
1423 dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
1424 G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv,
1425 he_free, he_delayfree, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_exists, hv_fetch,
1426 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic,
1427 HvNAME, hv_store, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
1428 isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
1429 mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
1430 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
1431 newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
1432 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
1433 perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_free,
1434 perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
1435 perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
1436 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
1437 saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
1438 strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
1439 sv_catpvn, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_dec,
1440 SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
1441 SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
1442 sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
1443 SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
1444 SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
1445 SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
1446 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
1447 sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, SvSTASH,
1448 SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE,
1449 SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref, sv_usepvn,
1450 sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XS,
1451 XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV,
1452 XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO,
1453 XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
1461 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
1465 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
1467 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
1469 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
1487 =item Determining the Context
1491 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
1497 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
1499 =item Passing Parameters
1501 =item Returning a Scalar
1503 =item Returning a list of values
1505 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
1507 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
1511 =item Using G_KEEPERR
1513 =item Using perl_call_sv
1515 =item Using perl_call_argv
1517 =item Using perl_call_method
1521 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
1523 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
1525 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
1526 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
1529 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
1539 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
1541 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
1551 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
1560 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
1562 =item The I<splain> Program
1574 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
1581 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
1587 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
1595 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
1597 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
1599 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
1607 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
1614 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
1622 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
1626 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
1632 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
1634 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
1636 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
1638 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
1640 =item Overloadable Operations
1642 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
1643 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
1644 and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
1648 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
1656 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
1658 =item Copy Constructor
1664 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
1666 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
1667 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
1668 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
1672 =item Run-time Overloading
1674 =item Public functions
1676 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
1678 =item IMPLEMENTATION
1686 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
1696 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
1698 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
1702 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
1706 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
1712 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
1718 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
1720 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
1726 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
1732 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
1734 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
1742 =item DBM Comparisons
1750 =head2 AutoLoader - load functions only on demand
1762 =item Package Lexicals
1764 =item AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader
1770 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
1780 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
1792 =item Standard Exports
1794 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis, timethese, timediff, timestr
1796 =item Optional Exports
1808 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
1810 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
1818 =item Interactive Mode
1820 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
1821 install, clean modules or distributions
1825 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
1839 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
1840 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
1841 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
1860 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
1866 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
1875 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
1881 =head2 Class::Template - struct/member template builder
1889 Example 1, Example 2
1893 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
1899 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
1907 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
1913 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB
1919 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
1923 =item How does DB_File interface to Berkeley DB?
1925 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
1927 =item Default Parameters
1929 =item In Memory Databases
1937 =item A Simple Example.
1945 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
1947 =item Handling duplicate keys
1949 =item The get_dup method.
1951 =item Matching Partial Keys
1959 =item The bval option
1961 =item A Simple Example
1965 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
1966 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
1968 =item Another Example
1972 =item THE API INTERFACE
1974 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
1975 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
1976 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
1977 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
1979 =item HINTS AND TIPS
1983 =item Locking Databases
1985 =item Sharing databases with C applications
1989 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
1993 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
1995 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
1997 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
1999 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
2013 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
2019 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
2025 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
2031 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, dl_error(),
2032 $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(),
2033 dl_find_symbol(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
2037 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
2044 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
2052 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
2060 =item Selecting What To Export
2062 =item Specialised Import Lists
2064 =item Module Version Checking
2066 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
2068 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
2072 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
2082 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
2083 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
2091 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
2097 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
2103 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
2109 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
2119 =item VMS implementation
2125 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
2132 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
2142 =item Preloaded methods
2144 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
2146 =item SelfLoaded methods
2148 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
2149 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
2150 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
2151 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
2152 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
2154 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
2156 force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others,
2157 install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o),
2158 makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
2159 maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru
2160 (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
2161 post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
2162 (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
2163 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
2164 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
2165 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o)
2171 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
2180 =item Methods always loaded
2182 eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
2183 rootdir (override), updir (override)
2185 =item SelfLoaded methods
2187 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
2188 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
2189 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
2190 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
2191 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
2192 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
2193 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
2194 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
2195 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
2196 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
2197 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
2198 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
2199 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
2200 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
2205 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
2213 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
2215 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
2223 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
2227 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
2229 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
2231 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
2233 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
2235 C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
2236 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC,
2237 INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
2238 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
2239 INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
2240 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
2241 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
2242 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
2243 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
2244 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
2247 =item Additional lowercase attributes
2249 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
2252 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
2254 =item Hintsfile support
2256 =item Distribution Support
2258 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
2259 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
2260 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
2268 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
2278 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
2282 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
2283 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
2289 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
2297 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
2303 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
2310 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
2316 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
2322 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
2330 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
2338 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
2340 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
2346 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
2350 C<basename>, C<dirname>
2352 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
2358 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
2368 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
2376 =item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)
2378 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
2386 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
2392 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
2402 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
2412 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
2420 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
2426 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
2430 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
2436 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
2446 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
2458 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
2465 E<lt>noneE<gt>, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f
2469 =item Linkage specification
2471 =item Aliases and abbreviations
2473 =item Non-option call-back routine
2475 =item Option starters
2485 =item CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
2487 $Getopt::Long::autoabbrev, $Getopt::Long::getopt_compat,
2488 $Getopt::Long::order, $Getopt::Long::bundling, $Getopt::Long::ignorecase,
2489 $Getopt::Long::passthrough, $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error,
2490 $Getopt::Long::debug
2492 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
2499 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
2506 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
2512 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
2524 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
2530 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
2538 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
2542 $fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->write ( BUF,
2543 LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->opened, $fh->untaint
2553 =head2 IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
2561 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
2565 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
2573 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
2583 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
2595 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
2596 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
2597 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
2605 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
2617 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
2624 =item IO::Socket::INET
2628 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
2631 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
2635 hostpath(), peerpath()
2645 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
2657 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
2663 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
2672 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
2676 $fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->write ( BUF,
2677 LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->opened, $fh->untaint
2687 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
2695 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
2699 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
2707 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
2718 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
2731 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
2732 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
2733 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
2741 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
2754 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
2761 =item IO::Socket::INET
2765 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
2768 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
2772 hostpath(), peerpath()
2782 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
2792 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
2801 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
2807 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
2813 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
2819 Canonical notation, Input, Output
2827 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
2838 =item STRINGIFICATION
2846 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
2852 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
2862 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
2863 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
2871 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
2884 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
2897 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
2908 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
2921 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
2927 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
2937 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
2939 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
2940 or optag, an operator set (opset)
2942 =item Opcode Functions
2944 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
2945 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
2946 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
2949 =item Manipulating Opsets
2953 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
2955 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
2956 :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
2957 :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
2963 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
2970 a new namespace, an operator mask
2976 =item RECENT CHANGES
2978 =item Methods in class Safe
2980 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
2981 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
2982 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
2983 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
2985 =item Some Safety Issues
2987 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
2993 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
3002 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
3014 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
3015 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
3016 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
3017 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
3018 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
3019 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
3020 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
3021 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
3022 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
3023 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
3024 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
3025 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
3026 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
3027 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
3028 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
3029 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
3030 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
3031 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
3032 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
3033 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
3034 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
3035 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
3036 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
3037 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
3038 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
3039 wcstombs, wctomb, write
3045 =item POSIX::SigAction
3051 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
3053 =item POSIX::Termios
3055 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
3056 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
3057 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
3058 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
3059 values, c_oflag field values
3063 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
3067 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
3071 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
3129 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
3139 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
3145 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
3151 a new namespace, an operator mask
3157 =item RECENT CHANGES
3159 =item Methods in class Safe
3161 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
3162 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
3163 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
3164 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
3166 =item Some Safety Issues
3168 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
3174 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
3180 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
3186 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
3194 =item The __DATA__ token
3196 =item SelfLoader autoloading
3198 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
3200 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
3202 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
3204 =item Classes and inherited methods.
3208 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
3210 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
3218 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
3219 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
3225 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
3226 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
3227 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
3228 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
3229 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
3231 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
3237 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
3245 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
3246 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
3252 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
3253 setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog
3263 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
3271 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
3277 E<lt>tabE<gt>Attempts word completion.
3278 Cannot be changed, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
3286 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
3287 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
3293 =item Minimal set of supported functions
3295 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
3296 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, C<Features>
3300 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
3308 =item The test script output
3316 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
3317 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
3318 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
3327 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
3335 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens
3343 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
3356 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
3367 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
3377 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
3383 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
3384 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
3388 =item MORE INFORMATION
3390 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
3404 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
3411 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
3413 =item MORE INFORMATION
3415 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
3423 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
3429 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
3440 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
3451 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
3459 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
3465 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( REF, TYPE )
3467 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
3478 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
3489 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
3491 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
3492 don't all have manual pages yet:
3514 Larry Wall E<lt>F<larry@wall.org>E<gt>, with the help of oodles