4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
21 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
22 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
23 Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
24 implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
25 expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
41 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/04/24
46 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
47 About Perl, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L<perlfaq3>:
48 Programming Tools, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, L<perlfaq5>: Files and
49 Formats, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues,
50 L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, L<perlfaq9>: Networking
54 =item Where to get this document
56 =item How to contribute to this document
58 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
65 =item Author and Copyright Information
69 =item Noncommercial Reproduction
71 =item Commercial Reproduction
79 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
80 Initial Release: 11/March/97
82 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
83 1997/04/24 22:43:34 $)
91 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
93 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
95 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
97 =item How stable is Perl?
99 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
101 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
104 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
106 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
108 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
110 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
112 =item What is a JAPH?
114 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
116 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
117 (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
121 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
123 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.16 $,
124 $Date: 1997/04/23 18:04:09 $)
130 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
132 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
134 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
136 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
139 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
140 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
142 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
143 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
145 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
147 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
149 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
151 =item Where should I post source code?
155 =item Perl in Magazines
157 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
159 =item What mailing lists are there for perl?
161 MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
163 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
167 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
169 =item Where do I send bug reports?
171 =item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
173 =item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
177 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
179 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
186 =item How do I do (anything)?
188 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
190 =item Is there a Perl shell?
192 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
194 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
196 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
198 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
200 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
202 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
204 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
206 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
208 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
210 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
212 =item Can I dynamically load C routines into Perl?
214 =item What is undump?
216 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
218 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
220 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
222 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
224 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
226 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
228 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
230 =item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
232 =item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
234 =item Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
236 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
238 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
240 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
242 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
243 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
245 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
248 =item What's MakeMaker?
252 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
254 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
263 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
264 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
266 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
268 =item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()?
271 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
273 =item How do I multiply matrices?
275 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
277 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
279 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
287 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
289 =item How can I compare two date strings?
291 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
293 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
295 =item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
303 =item How do I validate input?
305 =item How do I unescape a string?
307 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
309 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
311 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
313 =item How do I reverse a string?
315 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
317 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
319 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
321 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
323 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
326 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
328 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
329 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
331 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
333 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
335 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
337 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
339 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
341 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
343 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
344 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
353 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
355 =item How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
357 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:, b) If you don't know
358 whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:,
359 d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in
360 contains only small positive integers:
362 =item How can I tell whether an array contains a certain element?
364 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
365 intersection of two arrays?
367 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
369 =item How do I handle linked lists?
371 =item How do I handle circular lists?
373 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
375 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
377 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
379 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
381 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
383 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
385 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
389 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
393 =item How do I process an entire hash?
395 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
398 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
400 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
402 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
404 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
406 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
408 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
410 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
412 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
414 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
416 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
418 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
421 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
422 array of hashes or arrays?
424 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
432 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
434 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
436 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
438 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
440 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
442 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
446 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
448 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
455 =item How do I flush/unbuffer a filehandle? Why must I do this?
457 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
458 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
460 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
462 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
464 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
466 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
467 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
469 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
471 =item How can I write() into a string?
473 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
475 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
477 =item How come when I open the file read-write it wipes it out?
479 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
481 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
483 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
485 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
487 =item How can I lock a file?
489 =item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
491 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
492 the file. How can I do this?
494 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
496 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
498 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
500 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
502 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
504 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
506 =item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
508 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
510 =item How do I create a file only if it doesn't exist?
512 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
514 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
516 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
518 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
519 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
521 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
523 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
524 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
526 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
530 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
532 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:10 $)
538 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
539 and unmaintainable code?
541 Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
544 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
546 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
549 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
551 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
554 =item How can I make C<\w> match accented characters?
556 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
558 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
560 =item What is C</o> really for?
562 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
565 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
567 =item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
569 =item How do I process each word on each line?
571 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
573 =item How can I do approximate matching?
575 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
577 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
579 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
581 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
583 =item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
585 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
587 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
591 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
593 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date:
594 1997/04/24 22:44:14 $)
600 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
602 =item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
605 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
608 =item How do I skip some return values?
610 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
612 =item What's an extension?
614 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
616 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
618 =item How do I create a module?
620 =item How do I create a class?
622 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
624 =item What's a closure?
626 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
628 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
631 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps,
634 =item How do I create a static variable?
636 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
637 Between local() and my()?
639 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
642 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
644 =item Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
646 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
648 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
650 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
652 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
654 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
656 =item How can I find out my current package?
658 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
662 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
664 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
671 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
673 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
675 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
677 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
679 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
681 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
683 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
685 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
687 =item How do I start a process in the background?
689 STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
691 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
693 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
695 =item How do I set the time and date?
697 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
699 =item How can I measure time under a second?
701 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
703 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
704 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
706 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
708 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
710 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
712 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
714 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
716 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
718 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
720 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
722 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
724 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
727 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
729 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
731 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
733 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
736 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
737 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
738 changes to be visible?
742 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
745 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
747 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
749 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
751 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
753 =item How do I set CPU limits?
755 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
757 =item How do I use an SQL database?
759 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
761 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
763 =item How do I install a CPAN module?
765 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
767 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
770 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
774 =item How do I get one key from the terminal at a time, under POSIX?
776 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
782 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
785 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
787 =item How do I extract URLs?
789 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
790 file on another machine?
792 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
794 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
796 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
798 =item How do I redirect to another page?
800 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
802 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
804 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
805 CGI script to do bad things?
807 =item How do I parse an email header?
809 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
811 =item How do I check a valid email address?
813 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
815 =item How do I return the user's email address?
817 =item How do I send/read mail?
819 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
821 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
823 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
825 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
829 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
831 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 1997/04/23 18:12:06
838 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
841 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
843 =item How do I extract URLs?
845 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
846 file on another machine?
848 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
850 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
852 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
854 =item How do I redirect to another page?
856 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
858 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
860 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
861 CGI script to do bad things?
863 =item How do I parse an email header?
865 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
867 =item How do I check a valid email address?
869 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
871 =item How do I return the user's email address?
873 =item How do I send/read mail?
875 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
877 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
879 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
881 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
885 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
887 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
891 =item Supported Environments
897 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
899 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
901 =item Limitations on B<-M>, and C<-m>, and B<-T> options
903 =item More precise warnings
905 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
907 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
909 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
911 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
913 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
915 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
917 =item Changes to tainting checks
919 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
921 =item Embedding improvements
923 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
925 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
927 =item New and changed builtin variables
931 =item New and changed builtin functions
933 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
934 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
935 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//g> does not
936 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
937 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
939 =item New builtin methods
941 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
943 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
945 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
946 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
948 =item Malloc enhancements
950 -DDEBUGGING_MSTATS, -DEMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
952 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
958 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
959 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
965 =item Required Updates
967 =item Installation directories
969 =item Module information summary
983 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
987 =item Utility Changes
993 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
997 =item C Language API Changes
999 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
1002 =item Documentation Changes
1004 L<perldelta>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, L<perldebug>,
1007 =item New Diagnostics
1009 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
1010 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
1011 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
1012 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
1013 Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot
1014 resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine
1015 %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return
1016 a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long,
1017 Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s,
1018 Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal
1019 error: glob failed, Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack:
1020 '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in
1021 formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during
1022 request for %s, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible
1023 attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written
1024 as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in
1025 package `%s', Too late for "B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner
1026 references still exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function
1027 fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s
1028 can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable
1029 "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical
1030 name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed
1031 PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s
1039 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1045 =item Variable names
1051 =item Scalar value constructors
1053 =item List value constructors
1055 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1059 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1067 =item Simple statements
1069 =item Compound statements
1077 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1081 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1083 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1087 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1095 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1097 =item The Arrow Operator
1099 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1101 =item Exponentiation
1103 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1105 =item Binding Operators
1107 =item Multiplicative Operators
1109 =item Additive Operators
1111 =item Shift Operators
1113 =item Named Unary Operators
1115 =item Relational Operators
1117 =item Equality Operators
1121 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1123 =item C-style Logical And
1125 =item C-style Logical Or
1127 =item Range Operator
1129 =item Conditional Operator
1131 =item Assignment Operators
1133 =item Comma Operator
1135 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1141 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
1143 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1145 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1147 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1149 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1151 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1152 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1153 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1154 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
1158 =item Constant Folding
1160 =item Integer Arithmetic
1162 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1166 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1174 =item Regular Expressions
1176 (?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
1180 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1182 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
1186 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1194 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1196 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
1200 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
1201 B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1202 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1203 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1204 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1205 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
1211 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB,
1212 PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1214 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1218 I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
1222 =item Perl Functions by Category
1224 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1225 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1226 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1227 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1228 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1229 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1230 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1231 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1232 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1233 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1236 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1238 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1239 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1240 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1241 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1242 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1243 close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
1244 cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE,
1245 defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
1246 SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (),
1247 eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR,
1248 exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
1249 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
1250 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
1251 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
1252 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
1253 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
1254 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
1255 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
1256 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
1257 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
1258 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
1259 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
1260 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
1261 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
1262 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst
1263 EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
1264 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log EXPR, log, lstat
1265 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir
1266 FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS,
1267 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST,
1268 oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1269 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, pipe
1270 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
1271 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
1272 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
1273 qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
1274 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir
1275 DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo
1276 LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require,
1277 reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
1278 rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
1279 scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
1280 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
1281 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1282 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1283 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1284 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1285 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1286 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1287 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1288 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1289 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1290 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1291 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1292 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET,
1293 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
1294 sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1295 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1296 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, syswrite
1297 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell
1298 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
1299 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
1300 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
1301 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
1302 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST,
1303 use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1304 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1308 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1314 =item Predefined Names
1316 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1317 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
1318 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1319 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
1320 $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1321 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
1322 $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1323 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1324 format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1325 format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
1326 EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1327 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1328 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1329 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1330 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1331 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1332 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1333 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME,
1334 $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
1335 $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}, $^M
1339 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1347 =item Private Variables via my()
1349 =item Temporary Values via local()
1351 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1353 =item Pass by Reference
1357 =item Constant Functions
1359 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
1367 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages)
1377 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1387 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1391 =item Pragmatic Modules
1393 blib, diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap,
1394 strict, subs, vmsish, vars
1396 =item Standard Modules
1398 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
1399 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
1400 DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
1401 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
1402 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
1403 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fcntl,
1404 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find,
1405 File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
1406 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle,
1407 IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
1408 Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, NDBM_File, Net::Ping,
1409 Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text,
1410 POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
1411 Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
1412 Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords,
1413 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
1414 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
1415 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
1417 =item Extension Modules
1423 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1424 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1425 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1426 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1427 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1428 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1429 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1430 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1431 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1432 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1433 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1434 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1435 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
1438 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1442 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1444 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1445 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1446 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1447 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1448 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1449 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1450 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1451 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1452 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1453 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1454 care when changing a released module
1456 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1458 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
1459 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
1460 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
1461 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
1463 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1465 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
1466 applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
1467 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
1468 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
1469 can then be reduced to a small
1473 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1479 =item Format Variables
1489 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1495 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1500 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1506 =item The use locale pragma
1508 =item The setlocale function
1510 =item The localeconv function
1514 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1518 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1520 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1522 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1524 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1528 =item Other categories
1534 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
1535 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
1536 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
1537 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
1538 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
1539 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
1540 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
1541 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
1542 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
1547 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
1554 =item Backward compatibility
1556 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1558 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1560 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1562 =item Freely available locale definitions
1566 =item An imperfect standard
1574 =item Broken systems
1582 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1588 =item Symbolic references
1590 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1598 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
1602 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
1603 more elaborate constructs
1607 =item COMMON MISTAKES
1609 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
1611 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
1617 =item LISTS OF LISTS
1621 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
1623 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
1625 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
1629 =item HASHES OF LISTS
1633 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
1635 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
1637 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
1641 =item LISTS OF HASHES
1645 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
1647 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
1649 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
1653 =item HASHES OF HASHES
1657 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
1659 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
1661 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
1665 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1669 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1671 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1673 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1683 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
1687 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
1689 =item Growing Your Own
1691 =item Access and Printing
1699 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1703 =item Creating a Class
1707 =item Object Representation
1709 =item Class Interface
1711 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1713 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1717 =item Other Object Methods
1725 =item Accessing Class Data
1727 =item Debugging Methods
1729 =item Class Destructors
1731 =item Documenting the Interface
1741 =item Overridden Methods
1743 =item Multiple Inheritance
1745 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1749 =item Alternate Object Representations
1753 =item Arrays as Objects
1755 =item Closures as Objects
1759 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1763 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1765 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1769 =item Metaclassical Tools
1775 =item Data Members as Variables
1779 =item Object Terminology
1789 =item Acknowledgments
1793 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1799 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1801 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1803 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1805 =item Method Invocation
1807 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1809 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1817 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1823 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1833 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
1837 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1842 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1843 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1844 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
1846 =item Tying FileHandles
1848 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
1849 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
1851 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1861 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1865 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1867 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1869 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1871 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1873 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1875 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1877 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1879 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1881 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1883 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1887 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1888 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1896 =item Using open() for IPC
1902 =item Background Processes
1904 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1906 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1908 =item Bidirectional Communication
1912 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1916 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1918 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1920 =item UDP: Message Passing
1936 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1940 =item The Perl Debugger
1944 =item Debugger Commands
1946 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1947 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
1948 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
1949 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1950 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1951 command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C<recallCommand>,
1952 C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>,
1953 C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
1954 C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>,
1955 C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<quote>,
1956 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
1957 C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command, E<gt> command,
1958 E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, !
1959 pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, = [alias value],
1960 command, m expr, m package
1962 =item Debugger input/output
1964 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
1966 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1968 =item Debugger Customization
1970 =item Readline Support
1972 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1974 =item The Perl Profiler
1976 =item Debugger support in perl
1978 =item Debugger Internals
1980 =item Other resources
1986 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
1990 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
1996 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
1998 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2000 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2004 =item Protecting Your Programs
2008 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
2024 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
2026 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
2027 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
2028 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
2029 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
2031 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
2033 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
2034 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
2035 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
2039 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
2041 =item Numerical Traps
2043 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
2045 =item General data type traps
2047 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
2048 (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
2050 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
2052 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
2054 =item Precedence Traps
2056 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
2059 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
2061 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
2062 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
2063 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
2065 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
2067 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
2073 =item Interpolation Traps
2075 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
2076 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2082 =item Unclassified Traps
2088 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
2092 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
2096 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2098 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
2104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
2108 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2116 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
2117 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
2121 =item Compiling your C program
2123 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2125 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2127 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2129 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
2131 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2133 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2135 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2137 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2148 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2154 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
2155 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
2156 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
2157 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
2158 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(s,f)>,
2159 B<PerlIO_putc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
2160 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
2161 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
2162 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
2163 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
2167 =item Co-existence with stdio
2169 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
2170 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
2171 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
2172 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
2173 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
2174 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
2178 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2188 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
2190 =item The Argument Stack
2192 =item The RETVAL Variable
2194 =item The MODULE Keyword
2196 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
2198 =item The PREFIX Keyword
2200 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
2202 =item The CODE: Keyword
2204 =item The INIT: Keyword
2206 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
2208 =item Initializing Function Parameters
2210 =item Default Parameter Values
2212 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
2214 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
2216 =item The INPUT: Keyword
2218 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
2220 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
2222 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
2224 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
2226 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
2228 =item The BOOT: Keyword
2230 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
2232 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
2234 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
2236 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
2238 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
2240 =item The CASE: Keyword
2242 =item The & Unary Operator
2244 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
2246 =item Using XS With C++
2248 =item Interface Strategy
2250 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
2262 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
2268 =item VERSION CAVEAT
2270 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
2276 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
2278 =item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
2282 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
2284 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
2286 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
2288 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
2294 =item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
2296 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
2298 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
2300 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
2302 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
2304 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
2314 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
2324 =item What is an "IV"?
2326 =item Working with SVs
2328 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
2330 =item Working with AVs
2332 =item Working with HVs
2334 =item Hash API Extensions
2338 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
2340 =item Creating New Variables
2342 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
2344 =item Stashes and Globs
2346 =item Double-Typed SVs
2348 =item Magic Variables
2350 =item Assigning Magic
2352 =item Magic Virtual Tables
2362 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
2364 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
2366 =item Memory Allocation
2370 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
2374 =item Scratchpads and recursion
2384 =item Examining the tree
2386 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
2388 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
2390 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
2392 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
2398 AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
2399 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
2400 DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
2401 dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
2402 GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
2403 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH,
2404 HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
2405 hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent,
2406 hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv,
2407 hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
2408 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
2409 isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
2410 mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
2411 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
2412 newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
2413 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
2414 perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv,
2415 perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
2416 perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
2417 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
2418 saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
2419 strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
2420 sv_catpvn, sv_catpvf, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec,
2421 sv_dec, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
2422 SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
2423 sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
2424 SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
2425 SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
2426 SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
2427 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
2428 sv_setpvf, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
2429 sv_setsv, SvSTASH, SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG,
2430 SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref,
2431 sv_usepvn, sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
2432 XPUSHs, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
2433 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV,
2434 XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
2441 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
2445 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
2447 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
2449 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
2469 =item Determining the Context
2473 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
2479 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
2481 =item Passing Parameters
2483 =item Returning a Scalar
2485 =item Returning a list of values
2487 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
2489 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
2493 =item Using G_KEEPERR
2495 =item Using perl_call_sv
2497 =item Using perl_call_argv
2499 =item Using perl_call_method
2503 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
2505 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
2507 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
2508 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
2511 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
2513 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
2523 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
2525 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
2539 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
2549 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
2557 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
2565 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
2574 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
2576 =item The I<splain> Program
2588 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
2595 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
2601 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
2609 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
2611 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
2613 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
2621 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
2628 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
2636 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
2640 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
2646 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
2648 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
2650 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
2652 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
2654 =item Overloadable Operations
2656 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
2657 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
2658 and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
2660 =item Inheritance and overloading
2662 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
2663 is inherited by derived classes
2667 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
2675 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
2677 =item Copy Constructor
2683 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
2685 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
2686 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
2687 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
2691 =item Run-time Overloading
2693 =item Public functions
2695 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
2697 =item IMPLEMENTATION
2705 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
2715 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
2717 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
2721 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
2725 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
2731 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
2737 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
2739 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
2745 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
2751 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
2753 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
2761 =item DBM Comparisons
2769 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
2777 =item Subroutine Stubs
2779 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2781 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2783 =item Package Lexicals
2785 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
2793 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
2803 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
2815 =item Standard Exports
2817 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
2818 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
2819 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]] )
2821 =item Optional Exports
2823 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
2835 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
2837 =head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
2847 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
2859 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
2861 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
2863 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
2865 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
2867 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
2869 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
2871 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
2873 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
2875 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
2877 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
2879 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
2881 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
2883 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
2885 =item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
2887 =item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
2889 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
2891 =item CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
2893 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
2895 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
2899 =item CREATING FORMS:
2903 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
2905 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
2907 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
2909 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
2913 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
2915 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
2917 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
2921 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
2923 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
2927 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
2931 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
2935 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
2939 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
2943 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
2945 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
2947 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
2951 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
2953 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
2955 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
2957 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
2961 =item NETSCAPE COOKIES
2963 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
2964 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
2966 =item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
2968 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
2969 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
2976 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
2980 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2982 B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
2983 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
2984 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
2985 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
2986 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
2989 =item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS:
2993 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
2995 =item Generating new HTML tags
2999 =item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
3001 B<cgi>, B<form>, B<html2>, B<html3>, B<netscape>, B<shortcuts>,
3004 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
3006 In the B<use> statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be
3007 imported into your script:, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using
3008 B<-nph> parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
3010 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3014 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
3015 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
3016 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
3017 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
3018 Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
3019 Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
3020 Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
3021 (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
3022 Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
3023 (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
3024 (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
3026 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
3032 =head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
3046 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
3053 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
3055 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
3063 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
3069 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
3071 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
3073 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
3075 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
3079 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3085 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
3091 =item USING CGI::Push
3093 -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
3095 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
3099 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3105 =head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
3116 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
3124 =item Interactive Mode
3126 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
3127 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
3136 =item The 4 Classes: Authors, Bundles, Modules, Distributions
3138 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
3140 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
3150 =item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
3156 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
3157 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
3158 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
3171 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
3177 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
3186 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
3192 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
3200 =item The C<struct()> function
3202 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
3204 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
3205 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
3211 Example 1, Example 2
3213 =item Author and Modification History
3215 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
3221 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
3229 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
3235 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB
3241 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
3245 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
3247 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
3249 =item Default Parameters
3251 =item In Memory Databases
3259 =item A Simple Example
3267 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
3269 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
3271 =item The get_dup() Method
3273 =item Matching Partial Keys
3281 =item The 'bval' Option
3283 =item A Simple Example
3287 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
3288 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
3290 =item Another Example
3294 =item THE API INTERFACE
3296 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
3297 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
3298 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
3299 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
3301 =item HINTS AND TIPS
3305 =item Locking Databases
3307 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
3309 =item The untie() Gotcha
3313 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
3317 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
3319 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
3321 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
3323 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
3337 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
3343 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
3349 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
3355 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
3356 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
3357 dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
3358 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
3363 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
3370 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
3378 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
3386 =item Selecting What To Export
3388 =item Specialised Import Lists
3390 =item Module Version Checking
3392 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
3394 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
3398 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
3405 cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
3406 source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
3407 directory.., test_f file
3415 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
3425 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
3426 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
3434 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
3440 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
3446 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
3452 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
3462 =item VMS implementation
3468 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3475 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
3485 =item Preloaded methods
3487 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
3489 =item SelfLoaded methods
3491 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
3492 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
3493 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
3494 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
3495 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
3497 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
3499 force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others,
3500 install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o),
3501 makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
3502 maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru
3503 (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
3504 post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
3505 (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
3506 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
3507 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
3508 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
3514 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3523 =item Methods always loaded
3525 eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
3526 rootdir (override), updir (override)
3528 =item SelfLoaded methods
3530 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
3531 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
3532 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
3533 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
3534 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
3535 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
3536 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
3537 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
3538 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
3539 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
3540 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
3541 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
3542 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
3543 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
3548 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3555 catfile, static_lib (o), dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script,
3556 pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override), tools_other
3557 (o), manifypods (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
3559 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
3567 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
3569 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
3577 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
3581 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
3583 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
3585 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
3587 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
3589 C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
3590 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC,
3591 INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
3592 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
3593 INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
3594 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
3595 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
3596 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
3597 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
3598 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
3601 =item Additional lowercase attributes
3603 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
3606 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
3608 =item Hintsfile support
3610 =item Distribution Support
3612 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
3613 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
3614 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
3622 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
3632 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
3636 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
3637 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
3643 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
3651 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
3657 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
3664 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
3670 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
3676 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
3684 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
3686 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
3692 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
3696 C<basename>, C<dirname>
3698 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
3704 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
3714 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
3722 =item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)
3724 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
3732 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
3738 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
3748 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
3758 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
3766 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
3772 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
3776 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
3782 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
3792 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
3804 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
3811 E<lt>noneE<gt>, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f
3815 =item Linkage specification
3817 =item Aliases and abbreviations
3819 =item Non-option call-back routine
3821 =item Option starters
3831 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
3833 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
3834 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
3835 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
3836 reset), debug (default: reset)
3838 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
3840 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
3842 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
3849 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
3856 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
3862 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3870 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3874 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3880 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
3888 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3892 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
3893 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
3894 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
3904 =head2 IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3912 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3916 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
3924 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
3934 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
3946 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
3947 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
3948 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
3956 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
3968 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
3975 =item IO::Socket::INET
3979 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
3982 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
3986 hostpath(), peerpath()
3996 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
4004 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
4008 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
4014 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
4023 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
4027 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
4028 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
4029 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
4039 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
4047 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
4051 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
4059 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
4070 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
4083 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
4084 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
4085 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
4093 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
4106 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4113 =item IO::Socket::INET
4117 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4120 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4124 hostpath(), peerpath()
4134 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
4144 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
4153 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
4159 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
4165 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
4171 Canonical notation, Input, Output
4179 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
4190 =item STRINGIFICATION
4194 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4200 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
4206 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
4210 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4212 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
4216 =item ANGLE CONVERSIONS
4222 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
4228 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
4238 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
4239 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
4247 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
4260 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
4273 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
4284 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
4297 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
4303 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
4313 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
4315 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
4316 or optag, an operator set (opset)
4318 =item Opcode Functions
4320 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
4321 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
4322 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
4325 =item Manipulating Opsets
4329 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
4331 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
4332 :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
4333 :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
4339 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
4346 a new namespace, an operator mask
4352 =item RECENT CHANGES
4354 =item Methods in class Safe
4356 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4357 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4358 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4359 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4361 =item Some Safety Issues
4363 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4369 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
4378 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
4390 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
4391 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
4392 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
4393 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
4394 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
4395 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
4396 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
4397 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
4398 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
4399 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
4400 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
4401 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
4402 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
4403 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
4404 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
4405 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
4406 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
4407 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
4408 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
4409 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
4410 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
4411 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
4412 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
4413 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
4414 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
4415 wcstombs, wctomb, write
4421 =item POSIX::SigAction
4427 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
4429 =item POSIX::Termios
4431 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
4432 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
4433 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
4434 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
4435 values, c_oflag field values
4439 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
4443 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
4447 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
4505 =head2 Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML
4513 help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
4514 nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
4526 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
4536 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
4542 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
4548 a new namespace, an operator mask
4554 =item RECENT CHANGES
4556 =item Methods in class Safe
4558 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4559 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4560 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4561 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4563 =item Some Safety Issues
4565 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4571 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
4577 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
4583 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
4591 =item The __DATA__ token
4593 =item SelfLoader autoloading
4595 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
4597 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
4599 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
4601 =item Classes and inherited methods.
4605 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
4607 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
4615 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
4616 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
4622 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
4623 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
4624 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
4625 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
4626 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
4628 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
4634 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
4642 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
4643 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
4649 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
4650 setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog
4660 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
4668 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
4674 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
4682 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
4683 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
4689 =item Minimal set of supported functions
4691 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
4692 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
4694 =item Additional supported functions
4700 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
4708 =item The test script output
4716 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
4717 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
4718 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
4727 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
4735 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens
4743 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
4756 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
4767 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
4779 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
4785 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
4786 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
4790 =item MORE INFORMATION
4792 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
4806 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
4813 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
4815 =item MORE INFORMATION
4817 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
4825 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
4831 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
4842 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
4853 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
4861 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
4867 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( VAL, TYPE ),
4870 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
4881 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
4892 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
4894 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
4895 don't all have manual pages yet:
4917 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob