4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
365 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
366 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
367 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
368 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
369 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
370 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
371 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
372 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
373 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
374 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
375 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
376 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
377 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
378 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
379 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
380 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
381 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
382 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
383 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
384 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
385 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
386 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
387 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
388 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
389 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
390 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
391 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
392 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
393 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
394 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
395 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
396 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
397 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
398 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
399 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
400 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
401 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
402 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
403 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
409 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
415 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
423 =item Making References
425 =item Using References
443 =item Distribution Conditions
449 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
455 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
456 more elaborate constructs
460 =item COMMON MISTAKES
462 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
464 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
470 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
474 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
476 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
478 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
482 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
486 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
488 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
490 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
494 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
498 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
500 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
502 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
506 =item HASHES OF HASHES
510 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
512 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
514 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
518 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
522 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
524 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
526 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
538 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
548 =item Simple word matching
550 =item Using character classes
552 =item Matching this or that
554 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
556 =item Extracting matches
558 =item Matching repetitions
562 =item Search and replace
564 =item The split operator
572 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
576 =item Acknowledgments
582 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
590 =item Verbatim Paragraph
592 =item Command Paragraph
594 =item Ordinary Block of Text
598 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
600 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
610 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
618 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
636 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
638 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
639 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
640 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
641 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
643 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
645 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
646 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
647 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
651 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
653 =item Numerical Traps
655 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
657 =item General data type traps
659 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
660 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
662 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
664 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
666 =item Precedence Traps
668 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
671 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
673 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
674 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
677 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
679 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
685 =item Interpolation Traps
687 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
694 =item Unclassified Traps
696 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
703 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
713 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
715 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
717 =item Location of Perl
719 =item Command Switches
721 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
722 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
723 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
724 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
725 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
726 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
733 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
734 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
735 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
739 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
747 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
755 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
757 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
759 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
763 =item Backward Compatibility
765 =item Category Hierarchy
769 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
781 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
789 =item Looking at data and -w and w
793 =item Stepping through code
795 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
797 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
815 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
821 =item The Perl Debugger
825 =item Debugger Commands
827 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
828 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
829 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
830 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
831 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
832 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
833 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
834 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
835 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
837 =item Configurable Options
839 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
840 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
841 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
842 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
843 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
844 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
846 =item Debugger input/output
848 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
851 =item Debugging compile-time statements
853 =item Debugger Customization
855 =item Readline Support
857 =item Editor Support for Debugging
859 =item The Perl Profiler
863 =item Debugging regular expressions
865 =item Debugging memory usage
873 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
881 =item Predefined Names
883 $ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
884 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
885 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
886 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
887 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
888 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
890 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
891 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
892 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
894 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
895 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
896 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
897 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
898 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
899 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
900 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
901 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
902 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
903 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
904 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
905 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
906 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
907 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
908 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
909 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
910 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
911 %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
913 =item Error Indicators
915 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
923 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
931 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
933 =item Growing Your Own
935 =item Access and Printing
947 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
953 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
963 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
969 =item Open E<agrave> la C
973 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
977 =item Obscure Open Tricks
981 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
983 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
987 =item Single Argument Open
989 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
993 =item Other I/O Issues
997 =item Opening Non-File Files
1007 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1013 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1019 =item Part 1: The basics
1023 =item Simple word matching
1025 =item Using character classes
1027 =item Matching this or that
1029 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1031 =item Extracting matches
1033 =item Matching repetitions
1035 =item Building a regexp
1037 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1041 =item Part 2: Power tools
1045 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1047 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1049 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1051 =item Non-capturing groupings
1053 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1055 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1057 =item Conditional expressions
1059 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1061 =item Pragmas and debugging
1069 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1073 =item Acknowledgments
1079 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1089 =item Regular Expressions
1091 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1093 =item Extended Patterns
1095 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1096 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1097 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1098 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1102 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1104 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1106 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1108 =item Combining pieces together
1110 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1111 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1112 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1113 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1115 =item Creating custom RE engines
1125 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1135 =item Making References
1137 =item Using References
1139 =item Symbolic references
1141 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1143 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1145 =item Function Templates
1155 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1163 =item Format Variables
1173 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1181 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1189 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1191 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1193 =item Invoking a barnyard
1195 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1197 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1199 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1201 =item A few notes about @ISA
1203 =item Overriding the methods
1205 =item Starting the search from a different place
1207 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1209 =item Where we're at so far...
1211 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1213 =item Invoking an instance method
1215 =item Accessing the instance data
1217 =item How to build a horse
1219 =item Inheriting the constructor
1221 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1223 =item Adding parameters to a method
1225 =item More interesting instances
1227 =item A horse of a different color
1239 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1245 =item Creating a Class
1249 =item Object Representation
1251 =item Class Interface
1253 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1255 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1259 =item Other Object Methods
1267 =item Accessing Class Data
1269 =item Debugging Methods
1271 =item Class Destructors
1273 =item Documenting the Interface
1283 =item Overridden Methods
1285 =item Multiple Inheritance
1287 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1291 =item Alternate Object Representations
1295 =item Arrays as Objects
1297 =item Closures as Objects
1301 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1305 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1307 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1311 =item Metaclassical Tools
1317 =item Data Members as Variables
1325 =item Object Terminology
1331 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1337 =item Acknowledgments
1343 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1349 =item Class Data in a Can
1351 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1355 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1357 =item Inheritance Concerns
1359 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1361 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1363 =item Monadic Classes
1365 =item Translucent Attributes
1369 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1373 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1375 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1377 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1379 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1381 =item Translucency Revisited
1389 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1391 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1397 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1405 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1407 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1409 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1411 =item Method Invocation
1413 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1415 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1417 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1423 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1431 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1437 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1439 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1441 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1443 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1445 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1447 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1449 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1451 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1453 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1455 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1461 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1473 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1478 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1479 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1480 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1481 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1486 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1487 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1488 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1490 =item Tying FileHandles
1492 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1493 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1498 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1510 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1511 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1527 =item Using open() for IPC
1533 =item Background Processes
1535 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1537 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1539 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1541 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1545 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1549 =item Internet Line Terminators
1551 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1553 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1557 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1561 =item A Simple Client
1563 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1565 =item A Webget Client
1567 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1571 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1573 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1575 =item UDP: Message Passing
1589 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1599 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1601 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1602 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1603 files, directories and network sockets
1605 =item Resource limits
1607 =item Killing the parent process
1609 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1611 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1613 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1614 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1615 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1627 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1635 =item Storing numbers
1637 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1639 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1641 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1642 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1643 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1652 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1658 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1660 =item Threaded Program Models
1672 =item Native threads
1674 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1676 =item Threadsafe Modules
1682 =item Basic Thread Support
1684 =item Creating Threads
1686 =item Giving up control
1688 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1690 =item Errors In Threads
1692 =item Ignoring A Thread
1696 =item Threads And Data
1700 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1702 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1704 =item Controlling access: lock()
1706 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1708 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1712 =item Threads And Code
1716 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1718 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1720 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1722 =item Subroutine Locks
1726 =item Locking A Subroutine
1730 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1734 =item What Thread Am I In?
1738 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1740 =item What Threads Are Running?
1744 =item A Complete Example
1752 =item Introductory Texts
1754 =item OS-Related References
1756 =item Other References
1760 =item Acknowledgements
1768 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1774 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1783 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1785 =item Files and Filesystems
1787 =item System Interaction
1789 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1791 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1793 =item Standard Modules
1797 =item Character sets and character encoding
1799 =item Internationalisation
1801 =item System Resources
1811 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1812 http://testers.cpan.org/
1820 =item DOS and Derivatives
1828 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1836 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1840 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1842 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1843 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1844 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1845 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1846 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1847 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1848 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1849 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1850 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1851 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1852 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1853 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1854 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1855 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1856 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1857 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1858 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1859 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1860 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1861 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1862 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1863 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1864 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1865 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1866 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1872 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1873 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1874 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1875 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1876 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1877 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1879 =item Supported Platforms
1883 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1889 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1896 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1902 =item The use locale pragma
1904 =item The setlocale function
1906 =item Finding locales
1908 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1910 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1912 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1914 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1916 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1918 =item The localeconv function
1922 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1926 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1928 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1930 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1932 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1936 =item Other categories
1944 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1945 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1951 =item Backward compatibility
1953 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1955 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1957 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1959 =item Freely available locale definitions
1963 =item An imperfect standard
1971 =item Broken systems
1981 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1989 =item Important Caveats
1991 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1992 to enable a few features
1994 =item Byte and Character semantics
1996 =item Effects of character semantics
1998 =item Character encodings for input and output
2008 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2014 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2022 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2026 =item 13 variant characters
2036 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2038 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4
2040 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2054 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2056 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2058 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2060 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2068 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2070 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2072 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2074 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2078 =item TRANFORMATION FORMATS
2082 =item URL decoding and encoding
2084 =item uu encoding and decoding
2086 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2088 =item Caesarian cyphers
2092 =item Hashing order and checksums
2096 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2108 chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales
2126 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2134 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2136 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2138 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2142 =item Protecting Your Programs
2150 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2162 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2174 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2180 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2184 =item Pragmatic Modules
2186 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2187 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2188 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, unicode::distinct, utf8, vars, warnings,
2191 =item Standard Modules
2193 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2194 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse,
2195 B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse,
2196 B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie,
2197 CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN,
2198 CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct,
2199 Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode,
2200 Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2201 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed,
2202 ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2203 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2204 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
2205 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
2206 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob,
2207 File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc,
2208 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2209 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2210 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
2211 I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants,
2212 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Math::BigFloat,
2213 Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping,
2214 Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File,
2215 Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html,
2216 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
2217 Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2218 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
2219 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2220 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2221 Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2222 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2223 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
2224 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2226 =item Extension Modules
2238 =item Central America
2250 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2254 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2256 Adding a Copyright Notice
2258 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2260 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2268 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2278 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2279 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2293 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2303 =item What should I make into a module?
2305 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2307 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2309 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2311 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2312 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2313 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2315 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2317 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2318 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2328 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2329 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2339 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2341 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2343 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2345 =item What is perl6?
2347 =item How stable is Perl?
2349 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2351 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2354 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2356 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2358 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2360 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2362 =item What is a JAPH?
2364 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2366 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2367 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2371 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2375 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2376 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2384 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2386 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2388 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2390 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2393 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2394 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2396 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2397 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2399 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2401 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2403 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2405 =item Where should I post source code?
2409 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2411 =item Perl in Magazines
2413 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2415 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2417 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2419 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2421 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2423 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2427 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2431 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2440 =item How do I do (anything)?
2442 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2444 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2446 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2448 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2450 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2452 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2454 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2456 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2458 CodeMagicCD, Komodo, The Object System, PerlBuilder, Perl code magic,
2459 visiPerl+, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2460 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2462 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2464 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2466 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2468 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2470 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2472 =item What is undump?
2474 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2476 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2478 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2480 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2482 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2484 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2486 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2488 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2490 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2492 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2494 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2496 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2498 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2500 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2502 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2503 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2505 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2508 =item What's MakeMaker?
2512 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2516 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2527 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2528 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2530 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2532 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2535 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2537 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2539 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2541 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2543 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2545 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2553 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2555 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2557 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2559 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2561 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2563 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2565 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2573 =item How do I validate input?
2575 =item How do I unescape a string?
2577 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2579 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2581 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2583 =item How do I reverse a string?
2585 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2587 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2589 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2591 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2593 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2596 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2598 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2599 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2601 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2603 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2605 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2607 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2609 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2611 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2613 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2615 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2616 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2625 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2627 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2629 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2633 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2635 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2636 intersection of two arrays?
2638 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2640 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2642 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2644 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2646 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2648 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2650 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2652 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2654 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2656 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2658 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2662 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2666 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2668 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2671 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2673 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2675 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2677 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2679 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2681 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2683 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2685 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2687 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2689 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2691 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2694 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2695 array of hashes or arrays?
2697 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2705 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2707 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2709 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2711 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2713 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2715 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2717 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2721 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2725 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2734 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2736 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2737 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2739 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2741 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2743 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2745 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2746 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2748 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2750 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2752 =item How can I write() into a string?
2754 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2756 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2758 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2760 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2762 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2764 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2766 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2768 =item How can I lock a file?
2770 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2772 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2773 the file. How can I do this?
2775 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2777 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2779 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2781 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2783 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2785 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2787 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2789 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2791 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2793 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2795 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2797 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2798 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2800 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2802 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2803 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2805 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2807 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2811 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2815 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2823 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2824 and unmaintainable code?
2826 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2828 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2830 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2833 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2835 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2838 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2840 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2842 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2844 =item What is C</o> really for?
2846 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2849 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2851 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2853 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2855 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2857 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2859 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2861 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2863 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2865 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2867 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2869 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2871 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2873 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2877 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2881 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2882 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2890 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2892 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2895 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2898 =item How do I skip some return values?
2900 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2902 =item What's an extension?
2904 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2906 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2908 =item How do I create a module?
2910 =item How do I create a class?
2912 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2914 =item What's a closure?
2916 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2918 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2921 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2924 =item How do I create a static variable?
2926 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2927 Between local() and my()?
2929 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2932 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2934 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2936 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2938 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2940 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2942 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2944 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2946 =item How can I find out my current package?
2948 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2950 =item How do I clear a package?
2952 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2956 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2960 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2969 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2971 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2973 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
2975 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
2977 =item How do I print something out in color?
2979 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
2981 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
2983 =item How do I clear the screen?
2985 =item How do I get the screen size?
2987 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
2989 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
2991 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
2993 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
2995 =item How do I start a process in the background?
2997 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
2999 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3001 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3003 =item How do I set the time and date?
3005 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3007 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3009 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3011 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3012 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3014 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3016 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3018 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3020 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3022 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3024 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3026 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3028 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3030 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3032 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3035 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3037 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3039 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3041 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3044 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3045 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3046 changes to be visible?
3050 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3053 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3055 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3057 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3059 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3061 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3063 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3065 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3067 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3069 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3071 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3073 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3075 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3078 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3080 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3084 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3088 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3097 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3100 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3102 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3104 =item How do I extract URLs?
3106 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3107 file on another machine?
3109 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3111 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3113 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3115 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3117 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3119 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3121 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3123 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3124 CGI script to do bad things?
3126 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3128 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3130 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3132 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3134 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3136 =item How do I send mail?
3138 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3140 =item How do I read mail?
3142 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3144 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3146 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3148 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3152 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3156 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3166 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3170 =item Using The Back Ends
3174 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3178 =item The Decompiling Back End
3180 =item The Lint Back End
3182 =item The Simple C Back End
3184 =item The Bytecode Back End
3186 =item The Optimized C Back End
3188 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3189 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3190 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3194 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3200 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3210 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3211 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3215 =item Compiling your C program
3217 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3219 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3221 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3223 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3225 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3227 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3229 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3231 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3236 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3246 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3252 =item Debugger Internals
3256 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3260 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3262 =item Debugging regular expressions
3266 =item Compile-time output
3268 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3269 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3270 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3273 =item Types of nodes
3275 =item Run-time output
3279 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3283 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3285 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3286 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3289 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3291 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3293 =item B<-DL> details
3297 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3305 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3317 =item Version caveat
3319 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3331 =item What has gone on?
3333 =item Writing good test scripts
3337 =item What's new here?
3339 =item Input and Output Parameters
3341 =item The XSUBPP Program
3343 =item The TYPEMAP file
3345 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3349 =item What has happened here?
3351 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3353 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3355 =item More about XSUB arguments
3357 =item The Argument Stack
3359 =item Extending your Extension
3361 =item Documenting your Extension
3363 =item Installing your Extension
3367 =item New Things in this Example
3371 =item New Things in this Example
3373 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3375 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3377 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3379 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3395 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3407 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3409 =item The Argument Stack
3411 =item The RETVAL Variable
3413 =item The MODULE Keyword
3415 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3417 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3419 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3421 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3423 =item The CODE: Keyword
3425 =item The INIT: Keyword
3427 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3429 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3431 =item Default Parameter Values
3433 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3435 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3437 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3439 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3441 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3443 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3445 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3447 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3449 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3451 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3453 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3455 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3457 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3459 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3461 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3463 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3465 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3467 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3469 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3471 =item The CASE: Keyword
3473 =item The & Unary Operator
3475 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3477 =item Using XS With C++
3479 =item Interface Strategy
3481 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3495 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3505 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3507 =item File Operations
3509 =item File Input and Output
3511 =item File Positioning
3513 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3515 =item Character Class Tests
3517 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3519 =item Miscellaneous functions
3527 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3539 =item What is an "IV"?
3541 =item Working with SVs
3545 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3547 =item Working with AVs
3549 =item Working with HVs
3551 =item Hash API Extensions
3555 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3557 =item Creating New Variables
3559 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3561 =item Stashes and Globs
3563 =item Double-Typed SVs
3565 =item Magic Variables
3567 =item Assigning Magic
3569 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3573 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3575 =item Localizing changes
3577 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3578 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3579 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3580 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3581 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3582 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3583 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3584 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3585 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3586 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3594 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3596 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3598 =item Memory Allocation
3602 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3606 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3616 =item Examining the tree
3618 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3620 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3622 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3624 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3628 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3630 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3634 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3636 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3638 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3640 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3642 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3646 =item Internal Functions
3648 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3652 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3654 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3656 =item Source Documentation
3660 =item Unicode Support
3664 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3666 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3668 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3670 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3672 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3674 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3684 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3690 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3692 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3694 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3714 =item Determining the Context
3718 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3724 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3726 =item Passing Parameters
3728 =item Returning a Scalar
3730 =item Returning a list of values
3732 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3734 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3738 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3742 =item Using call_argv
3744 =item Using call_method
3748 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3750 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3752 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3753 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3756 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3758 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3770 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3780 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3781 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3782 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3783 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3787 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3791 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3792 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3800 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3810 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3812 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3814 B<Decryption Filters>
3816 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3818 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3820 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3832 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3840 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3841 B<filter_fetch_value>
3847 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3849 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3859 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3865 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3866 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3867 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv,
3868 CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS,
3869 dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS,
3870 get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
3871 gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY,
3872 G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
3873 HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear,
3874 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3875 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3876 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3877 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
3878 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
3879 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
3880 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
3881 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
3882 newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK,
3883 perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
3884 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn,
3885 POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
3886 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
3887 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
3888 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
3889 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
3890 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
3891 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
3892 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
3893 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
3894 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
3895 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV,
3896 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
3897 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
3898 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
3899 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec,
3900 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
3901 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy,
3902 sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
3903 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3904 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3905 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3906 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
3907 sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
3908 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
3909 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER,
3910 utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length,
3911 utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8,
3912 warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY,
3913 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
3914 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES,
3915 XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3923 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3930 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3931 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, start_glob
3939 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3949 =item History and Background
3951 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3953 =item Data Structures
3955 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
3956 data for a particular handle
3958 =item Functions and Attributes
3960 =item Per-instance Data
3962 =item Layers in action.
3964 =item Per-instance flag bits
3966 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
3967 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
3968 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
3969 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
3971 =item Methods in Detail
3973 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
3974 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
3975 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
3976 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
3977 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
3978 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
3979 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3980 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3981 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3982 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
3983 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
3984 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
3985 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
3986 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
3990 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
3992 =item Extension Layers
3994 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4000 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4008 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4009 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4010 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4011 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4012 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4013 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4014 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4015 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4016 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4017 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4018 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4022 =item Co-existence with stdio
4024 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4025 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4027 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4029 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4030 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4031 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4032 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4034 =item Other Functions
4036 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4037 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4043 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4049 =item Infrastructure
4053 =item Mailing list archives
4055 =item Bug tracking system
4057 =item Regression Tests
4059 Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to
4080 Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs
4084 =item Perl Internals
4090 =item Garbage Collection
4092 =item Reliable signals
4094 Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed
4095 sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN
4097 =item Interpolated regex performance bugs
4099 =item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
4101 =item Make XS easier to use
4103 =item Make embedded Perl easier to use
4105 =item Namespace cleanup
4117 =item A clear division into tutorial and reference
4119 =item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions
4121 =item More tutorials
4123 Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging
4125 =item Include a search tool
4127 =item Include a locate tool
4129 =item Separate function manpages by default
4131 =item Users can't find the manpages
4133 =item Install ALL Documentation
4135 =item Outstanding issues to be documented
4137 =item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
4139 =item Replace man with a perl program
4141 =item Unicode tutorial
4149 =item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2
4151 =item Module versions
4159 VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice
4161 =item Procedural options
4165 =item y2k localtime/gmtime
4167 =item Export File::Find variables
4171 =item Debugger attach/detach
4173 =item Regular Expression debugger
4175 =item Alternative RE Syntax
4177 =item Bundled modules
4183 =item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
4199 =item POSIX on non-POSIX
4201 =item Portable installations
4209 =item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
4211 =item Sort out the spawnvp() mess
4213 =item Work out DLL versioning
4219 =item Would be nice to have
4221 C<pack "(stuff)*">, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled
4222 perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format
4223 BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input
4224 should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun
4225 debugger, lvalue functions
4227 =item Possible pragmas
4239 =item constant function cache
4241 =item foreach(reverse...)
4243 =item Cache eval tree
4247 =item Shrink opcode tables
4249 =item Cache hash value
4251 =item Optimize away @_ where possible
4253 =item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
4255 =item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization
4259 =item Vague possibilities
4261 ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?,
4262 Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real
4263 threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al
4265 =item To Do Or Not To Do
4269 =item Making my() work on "package" variables
4271 =item "or" testing defined not truth
4273 =item "dynamic" lexicals
4275 =item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals"
4291 =item External threads
4297 =item Per-thread GVs
4309 =item Precompiled modules
4313 =item Typed lexicals
4323 =item Cached compilation
4327 =item Recently Finished Tasks
4331 =item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
4337 =item Namespace cleanup
4349 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4355 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4356 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4357 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4358 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4359 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4360 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4361 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4365 =item Keeping in sync
4367 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4368 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4369 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4370 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4372 =item Submitting patches
4374 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4375 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4377 =item Finding Your Way Around
4379 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4381 =item Elements of the interpreter
4383 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4385 =item Internal Variable Types
4391 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4393 =item Millions of Macros
4395 =item Poking at Perl
4397 =item Using a source-level debugger
4399 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4400 finish, 'enter', print
4402 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4408 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4412 =item Rational Software's Purify
4414 =item Purify on Unix
4416 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4420 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4422 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4424 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4426 =item Pixie Profiling
4428 -h, -l, -p, -h, -i, -l, -testcoverage, -zero
4432 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4440 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4448 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4460 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4462 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4466 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4470 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4476 =item Reporting Bugs
4484 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4490 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4492 =item Incompatible Changes
4494 =item Core Enhancements
4496 =item Modules and Pragmata
4502 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4506 =item Performance Enhancements
4508 =item Utility Changes
4510 =item New Documentation
4526 =item README.solaris
4530 =item Porting/repository.pod
4534 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4538 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4540 =item Generic Improvements
4542 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4543 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4544 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4548 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4552 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4556 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4558 =item Changed Internals
4562 =item Known Problems
4566 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4568 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4570 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4572 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4576 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4578 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4580 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4582 =item Failure of Thread tests
4584 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4586 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4588 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4590 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4594 =item Reporting Bugs
4602 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4608 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4610 =item Incompatible Changes
4612 =item Core Enhancements
4614 =item Modules and Pragmata
4620 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4624 =item Utility Changes
4626 =item New Documentation
4628 =item Performance Enhancements
4630 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4634 =item Generic Improvements
4638 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4642 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4646 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4648 =item Changed Internals
4650 =item Known Problems
4654 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4656 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4658 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4660 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4662 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4664 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4666 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4668 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4670 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4672 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4676 =item Reporting Bugs
4684 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4690 =item Core Enhancements
4694 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4696 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4698 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4700 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4702 =item "our" declarations
4704 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4706 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4708 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4710 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4712 =item open() with more than two arguments
4714 =item 64-bit support
4716 =item Large file support
4722 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4724 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4726 =item File globbing implemented internally
4728 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4730 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4732 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4734 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4736 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4738 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4740 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4742 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4744 =item Comments in pack() templates
4746 =item Weak references
4748 =item Binary numbers supported
4750 =item Lvalue subroutines
4752 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4754 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4756 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4758 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4760 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4762 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4764 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4766 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4768 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4770 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4772 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4774 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4776 =item Improved diagnostics
4778 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4780 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4782 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4784 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4786 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4788 =item Improved security features
4790 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4792 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4794 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4796 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4798 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4800 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4802 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
4806 =item Modules and Pragmata
4812 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
4813 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
4814 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
4815 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
4816 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
4817 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
4818 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
4819 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
4825 =item Utility Changes
4839 =item The Perl Debugger
4843 =item Improved Documentation
4845 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
4846 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
4847 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
4848 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
4850 =item Performance enhancements
4854 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
4856 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
4858 =item Faster subroutine calls
4860 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
4864 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4868 =item -Dusethreads means something different
4870 =item New Configure flags
4872 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
4878 =item -Duselargefiles
4880 =item installusrbinperl
4886 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
4890 =item Platform specific changes
4894 =item Supported platforms
4898 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
4906 =item Significant bug fixes
4910 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
4912 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
4914 =item All compilation errors are true errors
4916 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
4918 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
4920 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
4922 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
4924 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
4926 =item Failures in DESTROY()
4928 =item Locale bugs fixed
4932 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
4934 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
4936 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
4938 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
4942 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4944 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
4945 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
4946 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
4947 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
4948 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
4949 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
4950 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
4951 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
4952 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
4953 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
4954 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
4955 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
4956 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
4957 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
4958 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
4959 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
4960 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
4961 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
4962 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
4963 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
4964 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
4965 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
4966 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
4967 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
4968 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
4969 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
4970 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
4971 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
4972 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
4973 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
4974 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
4975 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
4976 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
4977 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
4978 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
4979 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
4980 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
4981 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
4982 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
4983 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
4984 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
4985 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
4986 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
4987 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
4988 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
4989 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
4990 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
4991 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
4992 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
4993 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
4997 =item Incompatible Changes
5001 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5003 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5004 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5005 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5006 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5007 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5008 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5009 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5010 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5011 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5012 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5013 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5015 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5017 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5019 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5021 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5023 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5027 =item Known Problems
5031 =item Thread test failures
5033 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5035 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5037 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5039 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5042 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5044 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5046 =item Experimental features
5048 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5049 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5050 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5054 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5056 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5057 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5058 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5059 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5061 =item Reporting Bugs
5069 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5075 =item About the new versioning system
5077 =item Incompatible Changes
5081 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5083 =item Default installation structure has changed
5085 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5087 =item C Source Compatibility
5089 =item Binary Compatibility
5091 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5093 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5107 =item Regular Expressions
5109 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5110 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5111 improvements, Incompatible changes
5113 =item Improved malloc()
5115 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5117 =item Reliable signals
5119 =item Reliable stack pointers
5121 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5125 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5127 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5129 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5131 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5133 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5135 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5137 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5139 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5141 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5143 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5145 =item Better locale support
5147 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5149 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5151 =item Extended support for exception handling
5153 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5155 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5157 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5159 =item New C<lock> keyword
5161 =item New C<qr//> operator
5163 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5165 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5167 =item Tied handles support is better
5169 =item 4th argument to substr
5171 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5173 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5175 =item <> now reads in records
5179 =item Supported Platforms
5185 =item Changes in existing support
5189 =item Modules and Pragmata
5195 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5196 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5197 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5199 =item Changes in existing modules
5201 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5202 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5206 =item Utility Changes
5208 =item Documentation Changes
5210 =item New Diagnostics
5212 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5213 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5214 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5215 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5216 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5217 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5218 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5219 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5220 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5221 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5222 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5223 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5224 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5225 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5226 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5227 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5228 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5230 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5232 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5233 temporary file, regexp too big
5235 =item Configuration Changes
5245 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5251 =item Supported Environments
5257 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5259 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5261 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5263 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5265 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5267 =item More precise warnings
5269 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5271 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5273 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5275 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5277 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5279 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5281 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5283 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5285 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5287 =item Changes to tainting checks
5289 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5290 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5292 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5294 =item Embedding improvements
5296 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5298 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5300 =item New and changed syntax
5304 =item New and changed builtin constants
5308 =item New and changed builtin variables
5312 =item New and changed builtin functions
5314 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5315 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5316 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5317 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5318 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5320 =item New builtin methods
5322 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5324 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5326 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5327 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5329 =item Malloc enhancements
5331 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5333 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5337 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5353 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5354 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5360 =item Required Updates
5362 =item Installation directories
5364 =item Module information summary
5378 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5382 =item Utility Changes
5388 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5392 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5396 =item C Language API Changes
5398 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5401 =item Documentation Changes
5403 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5404 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5406 =item New Diagnostics
5408 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5409 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5410 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5411 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5412 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5413 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5414 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5415 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5416 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5417 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5418 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5419 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5420 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5421 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5422 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5423 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5424 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5425 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5426 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5427 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5428 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5429 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5430 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5431 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5432 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5442 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5450 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5454 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5456 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5458 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5460 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5466 =item GDBM and Threads
5468 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5478 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5494 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5496 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5498 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5504 =item Accessing documentation
5512 =item B<GNU> C<info> files
5524 =item Getting the perl source
5528 sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib
5532 =item Installing the built perl
5542 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5564 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell
5566 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5568 =item Floating point anomalies
5586 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5596 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5598 =item Cygwin Configuration
5600 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5608 =item Strip Binaries
5610 =item Optional Libraries
5612 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5613 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5615 =item Configure-time Options
5617 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5618 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5620 =item Suspicious Warnings
5622 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5640 =item File Permissions
5644 =item Filetime Granularity
5646 =item Tainting Checks
5650 =item Script Portability
5652 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5660 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5661 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5671 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5679 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5681 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
5683 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
5685 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5689 =item I/O Redirection
5699 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5703 =item SUPPORT STATUS
5711 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5720 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5730 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5732 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5734 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5736 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5742 =item GDBM and Threads
5744 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5746 =item perl -P and //
5756 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
5765 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
5767 =item Failures during C<make test>
5769 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
5771 =item Building external modules
5781 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
5795 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
5803 =item System Requirements
5805 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
5807 =item Distribution Contents Highlights
5809 README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6
5811 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
5813 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
5815 =item Change History
5819 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
5839 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
5841 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
5843 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
5847 =item Frequently asked questions
5851 =item "It does not work"
5853 =item I cannot run external programs
5855 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
5858 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
5861 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
5863 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
5871 =item Automatic binary installation
5873 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
5875 =item Manual binary installation
5877 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
5878 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
5879 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
5880 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
5881 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
5887 =item Accessing documentation
5891 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
5899 =item GNU C<info> files
5911 =item The short story
5915 =item Getting perl source
5917 =item Application of the patches
5925 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
5928 =item Installing the built perl
5930 =item C<a.out>-style build
5938 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
5940 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
5942 =item Problems with tr or sed
5944 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
5946 =item Library ... not found
5948 =item Segfault in make
5950 =item op/sprintf test failure
5954 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
5958 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
5962 =item C<extproc> on the first line
5964 =item Additional modules:
5966 =item Prebuilt methods:
5968 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
5969 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
5970 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
5971 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
5972 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
5973 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
5974 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
5975 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
5976 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
5977 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
5978 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
5980 =item Prebuilt variables:
5982 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
5988 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
5991 =item Identifying DLLs
5993 =item Centralized management of resources
6009 =item F<perl___.exe>
6011 =item Why strange names?
6013 =item Why dynamic linking?
6015 =item Why chimera build?
6023 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6025 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6027 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6029 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6031 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6033 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6043 =item DLL name mangling
6047 =item Calls to external programs
6049 =item Memory allocation
6053 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6067 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6079 =item Setup and utilities
6083 =item Build, test, install
6085 =item build anomalies
6087 =item testing anomalies
6089 =item installation anomalies
6093 =item Floating point anomalies
6095 =item Modules and Extensions
6113 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6121 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6127 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6133 =item File Extraction Problems.
6135 =item Compiler and Related Tools.
6141 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6145 =item 64-bit Issues.
6149 =item Malloc Issues.
6153 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6155 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6156 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6157 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6163 =item op/stat.t test 4
6167 =item PREBUILT BINARIES.
6169 =item RUNTIME ISSUES.
6173 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files.
6177 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6179 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6183 =item Proc::ProcessTable
6197 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6209 =item Setup and utilities
6213 Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There's a bug in the
6214 compiler (APAR PQ18812) that generates some bad code the optimizer is on,
6215 As VM/ESA doesn't fully support the fork() API programs relying on this
6216 call will not work. I've replaced fork()/exec() with spawn() and the
6217 standalone exec() with spawn(). This has a side effect when opening unnamed
6218 pipes in a shell script: there is no child process generated under
6220 =item testing anomalies
6224 When using perl on VM/ESA please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII
6225 character sets are different. Perl builtin functions that may behave
6226 differently under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod document.
6242 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6250 =item Organization of Perl Images
6256 =item Perl Extensions
6258 =item Installing static extensions
6260 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6264 =item File specifications
6270 =item Wildcard expansion
6276 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6282 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6284 =item Command line switches
6290 =item Perl functions
6292 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6293 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6294 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6295 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6297 =item Perl variables
6299 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|
6301 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6315 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6323 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6327 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6331 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6333 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6337 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6341 =item Unimplemented Features
6347 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6355 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6357 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6369 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6379 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6389 =item Built-in Attributes
6391 locked, method, lvalue
6393 =item Available Subroutines
6397 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6399 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6401 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6409 =item Default exports
6411 =item Available exports
6413 =item Export tags defined
6423 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6435 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6451 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6465 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6479 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6492 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6501 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6507 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6517 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6527 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6538 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6540 =item The I<splain> Program
6554 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6568 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6578 =item subpragma access
6584 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
6595 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
6605 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
6615 =item Adding directories to @INC
6617 =item Deleting directories from @INC
6619 =item Restoring original @INC
6629 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
6640 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
6648 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
6650 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
6656 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
6668 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
6678 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
6680 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
6682 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
6684 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
6686 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
6688 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
6690 =item Overloadable Operations
6692 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
6693 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
6694 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
6696 =item Inheritance and overloading
6698 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
6699 is inherited by derived classes
6703 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
6711 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
6713 =item Copy Constructor
6719 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
6721 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
6722 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
6723 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
6726 =item Losing overloading
6728 =item Run-time Overloading
6730 =item Public functions
6732 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
6734 =item Overloading constants
6736 integer, float, binary, q, qr
6738 =item IMPLEMENTATION
6740 =item Metaphor clash
6746 =item Two-face scalars
6748 =item Two-face references
6750 =item Symbolic calculator
6752 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
6760 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
6761 type, `%s' is not a code reference
6767 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6777 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
6789 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
6791 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
6795 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
6799 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
6807 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
6815 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
6819 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
6829 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
6842 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
6853 =item Utility functions
6855 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
6856 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
6864 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
6874 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
6882 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
6883 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
6884 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
6885 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
6886 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
6890 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
6892 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
6894 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
6904 =item DBM Comparisons
6914 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
6924 =item Subroutine Stubs
6926 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6928 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6930 =item Package Lexicals
6932 =item Not Using AutoLoader
6934 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
6944 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
6952 $keep, $check, $modtime
6956 =item Multiple packages
6964 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
6972 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
6976 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
6984 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
6998 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7002 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7004 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7006 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7008 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7012 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7016 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7017 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7021 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7022 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7026 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7030 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7035 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7037 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7041 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7043 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7047 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7051 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7055 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7059 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7061 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7063 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7067 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7071 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7075 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7077 redoop, nextop, lastop
7079 =item B::COP METHODS
7081 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7085 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7087 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7088 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7089 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM),
7090 hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
7096 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7109 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7121 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7133 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7143 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7144 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7145 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7155 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7165 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7166 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7176 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7186 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7187 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7188 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7200 =item Context of ".."
7204 =item Deprecated features
7212 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7222 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7223 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7224 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7226 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7228 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7229 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7230 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7231 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7232 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7233 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7234 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7235 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7241 =item OP flags abbreviations
7243 =item OP class abbreviations
7251 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7263 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7273 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7274 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7276 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7296 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7308 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7316 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7318 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7319 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7321 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7331 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7341 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7347 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7359 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7371 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7373 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7385 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7395 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7403 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7415 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7429 =item Standard Exports
7431 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7432 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7433 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7435 =item Optional Exports
7437 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7438 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7439 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7455 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7459 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7473 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7483 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7484 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7485 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7495 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7507 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7509 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7511 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7513 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7515 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7517 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7519 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7521 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7523 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7525 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7527 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7529 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7531 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7533 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7535 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7537 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7539 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7541 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7542 B<:standard>, B<:all>
7546 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
7547 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
7550 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
7552 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
7553 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
7558 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
7562 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
7564 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
7566 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
7568 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
7570 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
7572 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
7574 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
7576 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
7577 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
7579 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
7583 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
7587 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
7589 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
7591 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
7593 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
7595 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
7597 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
7598 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
7600 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
7604 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
7608 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
7610 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
7612 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
7614 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
7618 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
7620 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
7622 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
7626 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
7628 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
7632 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
7636 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
7640 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
7644 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
7648 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
7650 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
7652 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
7656 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
7660 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
7666 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
7667 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
7669 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
7671 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
7672 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
7675 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
7681 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
7685 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
7687 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
7688 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
7689 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
7690 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
7691 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
7693 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
7695 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
7700 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
7702 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
7704 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
7705 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
7707 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
7709 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7713 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
7714 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
7715 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
7716 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
7717 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
7718 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
7719 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
7720 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
7721 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
7722 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
7723 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
7724 ...and many many more..
7726 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
7734 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
7744 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7752 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
7761 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
7763 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
7767 =item Changing the default message
7771 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
7781 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
7789 =item USING CGI::Cookie
7791 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
7795 =item Creating New Cookies
7797 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
7799 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
7801 =item Manipulating Cookies
7803 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
7807 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7815 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
7823 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
7825 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
7827 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
7829 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
7833 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7841 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
7851 =item Tags that won't be formatted
7853 =item Customizing the Indenting
7865 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
7873 =item USING CGI::Push
7875 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
7879 =item Heterogeneous Pages
7881 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
7885 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
7887 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7895 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
7905 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7913 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
7921 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7927 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
7937 =item Interactive Mode
7939 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
7940 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
7941 distribution, ls author, Signals
7949 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
7951 =item Programmer's interface
7953 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
7955 =item Methods in the other Classes
7957 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
7958 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
7959 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
7960 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
7961 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
7962 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
7963 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
7964 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
7965 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
7966 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
7967 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
7968 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
7969 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
7970 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
7971 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
7972 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
7973 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
7974 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
7975 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
7976 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
7977 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
7978 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
7979 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
7980 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
7981 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
7982 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
7990 =item Finding packages and VERSION
7994 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8000 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8001 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8002 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8003 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8007 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8009 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8017 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8019 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8023 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8025 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8027 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8033 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8045 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8055 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8068 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8078 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8086 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8088 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8098 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8099 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8100 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8102 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8110 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8120 =item The C<struct()> function
8122 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8124 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8126 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8127 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8129 =item Initializing with C<new>
8135 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8137 =item Author and Modification History
8141 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8149 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8161 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8165 C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>,
8166 C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>,
8167 C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk>
8171 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8172 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8176 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8177 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8178 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8179 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>
8183 C<CONFIGDOTSH>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>,
8184 C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>,
8185 C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8189 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8190 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8191 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8192 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8193 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>,
8194 C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>,
8195 C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>,
8196 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>,
8197 C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>,
8198 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
8199 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
8200 C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
8201 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
8202 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
8203 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>,
8204 C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>,
8205 C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>,
8206 C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>,
8207 C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>,
8208 C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
8209 C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>,
8210 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>,
8211 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
8212 C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
8213 C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
8214 C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>,
8215 C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
8216 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
8217 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
8218 C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
8219 C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
8220 C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>,
8221 C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>,
8222 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
8223 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
8224 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
8225 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
8226 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
8227 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
8228 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
8229 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
8230 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>,
8231 C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>,
8232 C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>,
8233 C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>,
8234 C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
8235 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
8236 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
8237 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
8238 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
8239 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
8240 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
8241 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
8242 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
8243 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>,
8244 C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_statblks>,
8245 C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>,
8246 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
8247 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
8248 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
8249 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
8250 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
8251 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>,
8252 C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
8253 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>,
8254 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
8255 C<d_usleep>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>,
8256 C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>,
8257 C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>,
8258 C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
8259 C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
8260 C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8264 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8265 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8269 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8270 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
8274 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8275 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8279 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8283 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8284 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8285 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8286 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
8287 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
8288 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8289 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8290 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8291 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8292 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8293 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8294 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8295 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8296 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8297 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8298 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8299 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8300 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8301 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8302 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8303 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8304 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8305 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8310 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8314 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8315 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8316 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8317 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8318 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8319 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8323 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8324 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8325 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8329 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8330 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8334 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8335 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8336 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8337 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8341 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8342 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8346 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8351 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8352 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8353 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8354 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8358 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8362 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8363 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm>
8367 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8368 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8369 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8370 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8371 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8372 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8373 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8374 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8375 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8376 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8377 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8378 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8379 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8380 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8384 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
8385 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8389 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8390 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8391 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8392 C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>,
8393 C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>,
8394 C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>,
8395 C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>,
8396 C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>,
8397 C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8401 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8402 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8403 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8407 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8411 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
8423 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
8433 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8445 =item Global Variables
8447 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8448 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8453 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8454 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8456 =item Client Callback Methods
8458 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8459 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8460 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8470 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8478 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8482 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8484 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8486 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8488 =item Default Parameters
8490 =item In Memory Databases
8498 =item A Simple Example
8506 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8508 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8510 =item The get_dup() Method
8512 =item The find_dup() Method
8514 =item The del_dup() Method
8516 =item Matching Partial Keys
8524 =item The 'bval' Option
8526 =item A Simple Example
8528 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8530 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8531 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
8533 =item Another Example
8537 =item THE API INTERFACE
8539 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8540 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8541 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
8542 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
8546 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
8547 B<filter_fetch_value>
8553 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
8555 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
8559 =item HINTS AND TIPS
8563 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
8565 =item Safe ways to lock a database
8567 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
8569 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
8571 =item The untie() Gotcha
8575 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
8579 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
8581 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
8583 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
8585 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
8605 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
8606 printing and C<eval>
8618 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
8619 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
8620 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
8627 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
8629 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8630 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8631 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8632 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8633 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8634 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8635 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8636 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8637 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8638 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8639 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8640 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
8660 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
8668 =item PROFILE FORMAT
8680 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
8690 =item Memory footprint debugging
8698 =item A simple scalar string
8700 =item A simple scalar number
8702 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
8704 =item A reference to a simple scalar
8706 =item A reference to an array
8708 =item A reference to a hash
8710 =item Dumping a large array or hash
8712 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
8714 =item A reference to a subroutine
8728 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
8738 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
8746 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
8750 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
8751 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
8752 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
8760 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
8770 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
8774 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
8775 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
8787 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
8797 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
8809 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
8810 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
8811 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
8816 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
8817 veryCompact, set, get
8823 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
8831 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
8832 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
8833 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
8834 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
8841 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
8854 =head2 Encode - character encodings
8872 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
8874 =item Types of Encodings
8876 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
8877 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
8879 =item Specifying Encodings
8881 1. By name, 2. As an object
8883 =item Encoding Names
8885 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
8886 The name used by the the organization that defined it
8890 =item PERL ENCODING API
8894 =item Generic Encoding Interface
8896 =item Handling Malformed Data
8898 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
8902 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
8904 =item Listing available encodings
8906 =item Defining Aliases
8908 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
8911 =item Defining Encodings
8915 =item Encoding and IO
8917 =item Encoding How to ...
8919 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
8920 strings in binary data, perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
8922 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
8924 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
8926 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
8928 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
8929 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
8933 =item Compiled Encodings
8935 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
8936 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
8944 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
8945 of the Encode extension
8951 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8959 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
8961 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
8967 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8975 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
8988 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9003 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9019 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9031 =item Selecting What To Export
9033 =item Specialised Import Lists
9035 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9037 =item Module Version Checking
9039 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9041 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9047 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9057 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9078 mv source... destination
9080 cp source... destination
9098 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
9110 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
9111 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
9121 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
9131 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
9143 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
9144 packlist(), version()
9152 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
9160 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
9166 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
9176 =item VMS implementation
9178 =item Win32 implementation
9186 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9195 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9199 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9214 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9226 =item Preloaded methods
9246 =item SelfLoaded methods
9292 file_name_is_absolute
9298 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9338 maybe_command_in_dirs
9376 replace_manpage_separator
9390 test_via_harness (o)
9422 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9433 =item Methods always loaded
9445 =item SelfLoaded methods
9447 guess_name (override)
9451 find_perl (override)
9455 maybe_command (override)
9457 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
9459 perl_script (override)
9461 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9463 replace_manpage_separator
9465 init_others (override)
9467 constants (override)
9471 const_cccmd (override)
9473 pm_to_blib (override)
9475 tool_autosplit (override)
9477 tool_sxubpp (override)
9479 xsubpp_version (override)
9481 tools_other (override)
9491 top_targets (override)
9495 dynamic_lib (override)
9497 dynamic_bs (override)
9499 static_lib (override)
9501 manifypods (override)
9503 processPL (override)
9505 installbin (override)
9511 realclean (override)
9513 dist_basics (override)
9515 dist_core (override)
9519 dist_test (override)
9523 perldepend (override)
9529 test_via_harness (override)
9531 test_via_script (override)
9533 makeaperl (override)
9537 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9564 test_via_harness (o)
9566 tool_autosplit (override)
9584 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
9594 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
9596 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
9604 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
9608 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
9610 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
9612 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
9614 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
9616 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
9617 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
9618 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
9619 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
9620 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
9621 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
9622 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
9623 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
9624 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
9625 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
9626 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
9627 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
9628 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
9629 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
9630 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
9632 =item Additional lowercase attributes
9634 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
9637 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
9639 =item Hintsfile support
9641 =item Distribution Support
9643 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
9644 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
9645 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
9647 =item Disabling an extension
9661 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
9673 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
9677 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
9678 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
9682 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
9690 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
9702 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
9712 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
9721 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
9729 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
9741 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
9749 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
9759 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
9771 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
9781 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
9785 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
9793 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
9797 C<basename>, C<dirname>
9801 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
9811 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
9825 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
9835 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
9837 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
9847 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
9855 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
9867 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
9875 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
9876 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>,
9877 C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
9883 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
9891 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>, C<GLOB_NOSORT>,
9892 C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>, C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>,
9897 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
9905 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
9917 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
9931 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
9965 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
9983 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
10011 file_name_is_absolute
10031 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
10041 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
10073 file_name_is_absolute
10095 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
10111 =item Methods always loaded
10113 canonpath (override)
10131 case_tolerant (override)
10135 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10137 splitpath (override)
10139 splitdir (override)
10153 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
10183 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10207 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10221 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10231 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10239 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10247 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10249 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10261 =item Temporary files and NFS
10273 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10287 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10299 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10307 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10313 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10337 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10347 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10351 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10353 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10361 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10363 =item Example 2: Using the context
10365 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10367 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10371 =item Filter::Simple
10379 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
10387 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
10397 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
10413 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
10421 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
10423 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
10427 =item Simple options
10429 =item A little bit less simple options
10431 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
10433 =item Options with values
10435 =item Options with multiple values
10437 =item Options with hash values
10439 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
10441 =item Options with multiple names
10443 =item Case and abbreviations
10445 =item Summary of Option Specifications
10447 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
10451 =item Advanced Possibilities
10455 =item Object oriented interface
10457 =item Documentation and help texts
10459 =item Storing options in a hash
10463 =item The lonesome dash
10465 =item Argument call-back
10469 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
10471 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
10472 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
10473 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
10474 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
10475 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
10477 =item Return values and Errors
10483 =item Default destinations
10485 =item Alternative option starters
10487 =item Configuration variables
10491 =item Trouble Shooting
10495 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
10497 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
10504 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
10508 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
10519 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
10530 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
10540 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
10548 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10549 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10559 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10569 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10573 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10581 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
10591 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10595 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10596 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10597 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10598 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10610 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10620 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10624 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10634 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10644 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10645 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10655 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
10663 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10664 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10673 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
10683 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10687 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10688 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10689 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10699 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
10713 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
10714 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
10724 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
10740 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10753 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
10767 hostpath(), peerpath()
10777 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
10786 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10787 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10797 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10807 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10811 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10819 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
10830 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10834 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10835 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10836 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10837 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10849 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10859 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10863 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10873 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10883 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10884 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10894 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
10903 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10904 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10913 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
10924 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10928 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10929 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10930 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10940 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
10955 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
10956 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
10966 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
10967 AF_INET domain sockets
10983 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10996 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
10997 AF_UNIX domain sockets
11011 hostpath(), peerpath()
11021 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11031 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11032 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11043 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
11057 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
11070 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
11080 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11081 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11082 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11093 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
11111 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11121 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11122 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11133 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
11144 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11145 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11146 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11157 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
11165 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11169 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
11177 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
11189 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
11195 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11197 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
11198 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
11204 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11206 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
11212 =item CODE ALIASING
11222 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11226 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
11227 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
11228 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
11229 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
11237 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
11238 identification (ISO 4217)
11256 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11258 code2currency(), currency2code()
11264 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11266 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
11274 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11278 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
11286 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
11303 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11305 code2language(), language2code()
11311 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11313 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
11321 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11325 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
11326 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
11334 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
11342 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
11346 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
11354 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
11355 of quoted-printable strings
11363 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
11369 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
11378 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
11384 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
11392 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
11401 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
11409 Canonical notation, Input, Output
11413 =item Autocreating constants
11421 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
11434 =item STRINGIFICATION
11438 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
11444 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
11446 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
11454 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
11462 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
11468 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
11470 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
11474 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11476 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
11480 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
11482 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11484 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
11485 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
11489 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
11495 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
11505 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
11513 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11519 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11523 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11527 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
11539 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
11540 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
11548 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
11565 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
11582 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
11597 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
11614 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
11624 =item IMPLEMENTATION
11630 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
11638 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11644 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11648 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11652 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
11664 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
11666 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
11667 or optag, an operator set (opset)
11669 =item Opcode Functions
11671 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
11672 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
11673 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
11676 =item Manipulating Opsets
11678 =item TO DO (maybe)
11684 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
11686 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
11687 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
11688 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
11697 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
11706 a new namespace, an operator mask
11712 =item RECENT CHANGES
11714 =item Methods in class Safe
11716 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
11717 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
11718 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
11719 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
11721 =item Some Safety Issues
11723 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
11731 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
11744 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
11758 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
11759 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
11760 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
11761 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
11762 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
11763 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
11764 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
11765 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
11766 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
11767 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
11768 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
11769 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
11770 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
11771 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
11772 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
11773 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
11774 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
11775 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
11776 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
11777 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
11778 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
11779 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
11780 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
11781 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
11782 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
11789 =item POSIX::SigAction
11793 =item POSIX::SigSet
11795 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
11797 =item POSIX::Termios
11799 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
11800 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
11801 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
11802 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
11803 values, c_oflag field values
11807 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
11811 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
11815 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
11873 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
11882 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
11886 =item Defaults and how to override them
11896 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
11906 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
11914 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
11915 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
11916 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
11917 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
11918 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
11919 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
11920 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
11924 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
11930 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
11936 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
11948 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
11949 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
11950 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
11951 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
11952 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
11953 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
11954 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
11955 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
11960 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
11961 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
11962 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
11963 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
11964 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
11965 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
11969 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
11970 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
11982 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
11984 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
11987 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
11989 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
11991 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
11993 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
11995 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
12003 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
12015 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
12017 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
12024 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
12030 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
12032 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
12039 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
12051 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
12061 backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile,
12062 libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title,
12077 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
12090 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
12091 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
12097 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
12121 =item B<was_cutting()>
12127 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
12133 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
12139 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
12145 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
12151 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12157 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
12163 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
12169 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
12175 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
12181 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
12187 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
12193 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
12199 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
12205 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
12211 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
12217 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12223 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
12229 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
12235 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
12241 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
12247 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
12253 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
12259 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
12265 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
12271 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
12277 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
12283 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
12289 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12295 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
12307 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
12319 =item OBJECT METHODS
12327 =item Data Accessors
12343 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
12345 B<StartWithNewPage>
12359 =item Subclassed methods
12373 B<interior_sequence>
12389 =item Methods for headings
12397 =item Internal methods
12403 B<_replace_special_chars>
12409 B<_clean_latex_commands>
12425 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
12433 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
12438 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
12439 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
12440 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
12441 line %d, Unmatched =back
12451 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
12465 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
12473 $list-E<gt>indent()
12481 $list-E<gt>parent()
12487 =item Pod::Hyperlink
12489 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
12493 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
12495 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
12499 $link-E<gt>warning()
12501 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
12507 $link-E<gt>alttext()
12517 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
12523 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
12527 =item Pod::Cache::Item
12529 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
12533 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
12535 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
12537 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
12539 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
12541 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
12543 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
12545 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
12555 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
12567 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12569 =item PARSING OPTIONS
12571 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
12572 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
12578 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12586 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12592 =item B<verbatim()>
12594 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12600 =item B<textblock()>
12602 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12608 =item B<interior_sequence()>
12614 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12626 =item B<initialize()>
12632 =item B<begin_pod()>
12638 =item B<begin_input()>
12644 =item B<end_input()>
12656 =item B<preprocess_line()>
12662 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
12668 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
12674 =item B<parse_text()>
12676 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
12677 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
12678 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
12684 =item B<interpolate()>
12690 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
12696 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
12702 =item B<parse_from_file()>
12708 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
12714 =item B<errorsub()>
12726 =item B<parseopts()>
12732 =item B<output_file()>
12738 =item B<output_handle()>
12744 =item B<input_file()>
12750 =item B<input_handle()>
12756 =item B<input_streams()>
12762 =item B<top_stream()>
12768 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12774 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
12780 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
12786 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
12794 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
12814 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
12827 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
12829 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
12835 =item OBJECT METHODS
12841 =item B<curr_headings()>
12853 =item B<add_selection()>
12859 =item B<clear_selections()>
12865 =item B<match_section()>
12871 =item B<is_selected()>
12877 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
12883 =item B<podselect()>
12885 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
12891 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12897 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
12903 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
12909 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
12921 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
12929 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
12933 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
12934 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
12935 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
12947 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
12963 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
12980 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
12981 text with format escapes
12995 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
13004 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
13013 =item Recommended Use
13021 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
13025 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
13033 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13039 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13043 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13047 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
13055 a new namespace, an operator mask
13061 =item RECENT CHANGES
13063 =item Methods in class Safe
13065 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13066 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13067 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13068 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13070 =item Some Safety Issues
13072 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13080 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
13090 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
13100 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
13110 =item The __DATA__ token
13112 =item SelfLoader autoloading
13114 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
13116 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
13118 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
13120 =item Classes and inherited methods.
13124 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
13128 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
13138 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
13146 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
13147 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
13155 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
13156 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
13157 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
13158 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
13159 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
13163 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
13173 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
13177 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
13179 =item ERROR REPORTING
13187 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
13192 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
13193 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
13217 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
13231 =item Allowing fall-through
13233 =item Automating fall-through
13235 =item Higher-order Operations
13249 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
13259 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
13271 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
13272 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
13280 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
13281 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
13292 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
13293 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
13301 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
13302 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
13313 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
13323 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
13324 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
13335 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
13347 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
13355 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
13365 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
13366 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
13374 =item Minimal set of supported functions
13376 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
13377 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
13379 =item Additional supported functions
13381 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
13391 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
13401 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
13413 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
13423 =item The test script output
13425 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
13426 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
13427 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>
13435 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
13436 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
13437 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
13438 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
13442 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
13443 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
13454 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
13466 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
13476 =item General behaviour in list contexts
13480 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
13482 =item A note about prefixes
13484 =item C<extract_delimited>
13486 =item C<extract_bracketed>
13488 =item C<extract_tagged>
13490 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
13491 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
13493 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
13495 =item C<extract_quotelike>
13497 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
13499 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
13501 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
13503 =item C<extract_codeblock>
13505 =item C<extract_multiple>
13507 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
13513 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
13514 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
13515 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
13516 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
13517 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
13518 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
13519 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
13520 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
13521 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
13522 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
13523 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
13524 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
13529 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
13535 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
13550 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
13567 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
13582 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
13596 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
13609 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
13610 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
13611 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
13615 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
13623 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
13631 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
13633 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
13639 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
13647 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
13649 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
13653 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
13665 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
13675 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
13683 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
13684 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
13685 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
13686 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
13694 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
13703 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
13704 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
13705 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
13706 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
13708 =item MORE INFORMATION
13710 =item COMPATIBILITY
13714 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
13722 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
13723 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
13727 =item MORE INFORMATION
13731 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
13749 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
13758 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
13760 =item MORE INFORMATION
13764 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
13776 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
13784 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13790 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
13805 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
13820 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
13832 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
13840 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
13841 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
13845 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
13860 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
13871 =item System Specifics
13885 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
13893 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
13895 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
13896 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
13897 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
13898 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
13899 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
13900 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
13901 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
13902 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
13903 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
13904 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
13905 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
13906 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
13907 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
13908 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
13909 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
13910 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
13916 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
13934 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
13946 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
13948 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
13949 don't all have manual pages yet:
13975 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles