4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
115 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
117 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
121 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
123 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
125 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
127 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
129 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
131 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
133 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
137 =item About the perlfaq documents
141 =item Where to get the perlfaq
143 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
145 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
152 =item Author and Copyright Information
156 =item Bundled Distributions
164 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
165 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
166 Initial Release: 11/March/97
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
188 =item Simple statements
190 =item Compound statements
198 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
202 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
204 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
210 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
224 =item Scalar value constructors
226 =item List value constructors
230 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
238 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
248 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
250 =item The Arrow Operator
252 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
256 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
258 =item Binding Operators
260 =item Multiplicative Operators
262 =item Additive Operators
264 =item Shift Operators
266 =item Named Unary Operators
268 =item Relational Operators
270 =item Equality Operators
274 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
276 =item C-style Logical And
278 =item C-style Logical Or
280 =item Range Operators
282 =item Conditional Operator
284 =item Assignment Operators
288 =item List Operators (Rightward)
294 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
296 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
298 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
300 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
302 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
304 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
305 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
306 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
307 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
309 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
311 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
312 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
313 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
314 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
319 =item Constant Folding
321 =item Bitwise String Operators
323 =item Integer Arithmetic
325 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
333 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
343 =item Private Variables via my()
345 =item Persistent Private Variables
347 =item Temporary Values via local()
349 =item Lvalue subroutines
351 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
353 =item When to Still Use local()
355 =item Pass by Reference
359 =item Constant Functions
361 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
365 =item Subroutine Attributes
373 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
381 =item Perl Functions by Category
383 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
384 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
385 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
386 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
387 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
388 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
389 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
390 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
391 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
392 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
397 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
399 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
400 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
401 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
402 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
403 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
404 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
405 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
406 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
407 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
408 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
409 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
410 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
411 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
412 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
413 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
414 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
415 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
416 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
417 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
418 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
419 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
420 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
421 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
422 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
423 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
424 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
425 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
426 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
427 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
428 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
429 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
430 next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module
431 LIST, no Module, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
432 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
433 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
434 EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
435 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
436 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
437 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
438 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
439 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
440 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
441 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
442 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
443 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
444 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
445 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
446 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
447 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
448 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
449 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
450 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
451 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
452 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
453 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
454 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
455 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
456 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
457 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
458 study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
459 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
460 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
461 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
462 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
463 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
464 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
465 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
466 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
467 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
468 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
469 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
470 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
471 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
472 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
478 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
484 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
492 =item Making References
494 =item Using References
512 =item Distribution Conditions
518 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
524 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
525 more elaborate constructs
529 =item COMMON MISTAKES
531 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
533 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
539 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
543 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
545 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
547 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
551 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
555 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
557 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
559 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
563 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
567 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
569 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
571 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
575 =item HASHES OF HASHES
579 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
581 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
583 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
587 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
591 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
593 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
595 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
607 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
617 =item Simple word matching
619 =item Using character classes
621 =item Matching this or that
623 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
625 =item Extracting matches
627 =item Matching repetitions
631 =item Search and replace
633 =item The split operator
641 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
645 =item Acknowledgments
651 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
659 =item Ordinary Paragraph
661 =item Verbatim Paragraph
663 =item Command Paragraph
665 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
666 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
667 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
668 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
670 =item Formatting Codes
672 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
673 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
674 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
675 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
676 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
677 (zero-effect) formatting code
681 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
683 =item Hints for Writing Pod
693 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
700 =item Pod Definitions
704 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
705 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
707 =item Pod Formatting Codes
709 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
710 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
711 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
712 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
713 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
714 contains non-breaking spaces
716 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
718 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
720 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
722 =item About =over...=back Regions
724 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
732 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
740 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
758 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
760 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
761 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
762 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
763 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
765 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
767 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
768 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
769 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
773 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
775 =item Numerical Traps
777 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
779 =item General data type traps
781 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
782 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
784 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
786 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
788 =item Precedence Traps
790 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
793 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
795 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
796 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
799 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
801 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
807 =item Interpolation Traps
809 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
810 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
816 =item Unclassified Traps
818 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
825 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
835 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
837 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
839 =item Location of Perl
841 =item Command Switches
843 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
844 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
845 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
846 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
847 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
848 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
849 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
855 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
856 :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
857 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
858 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
859 SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
863 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
871 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
879 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
881 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
883 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
887 =item Backward Compatibility
889 =item Category Hierarchy
893 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
905 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
913 =item Looking at data and -w and v
917 =item Stepping through code
919 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
921 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
939 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
945 =item The Perl Debugger
949 =item Debugger Commands
951 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
952 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
953 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
954 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
955 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
956 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
957 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
958 command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
959 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, @ file, H -number, q or
960 ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
962 =item Configurable Options
964 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
965 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
966 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
967 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
968 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
969 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
972 =item Debugger input/output
974 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
977 =item Debugging compile-time statements
979 =item Debugger Customization
981 =item Readline Support
983 =item Editor Support for Debugging
985 =item The Perl Profiler
989 =item Debugging regular expressions
991 =item Debugging memory usage
999 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1007 =item Predefined Names
1009 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1010 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1011 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1012 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1013 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1014 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1015 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1016 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1017 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1018 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1019 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1020 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1021 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1022 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1023 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1024 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1025 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1026 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1027 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1028 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1029 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1030 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1031 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1032 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1033 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1034 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1035 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1036 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1037 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1038 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1040 =item Error Indicators
1042 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1050 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1058 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1060 =item Growing Your Own
1062 =item Access and Printing
1074 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1080 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1088 =item The Minus File
1090 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1096 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1100 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1104 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1108 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1110 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1112 =item Paths as Opens
1114 =item Single Argument Open
1116 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1120 =item Other I/O Issues
1124 =item Opening Non-File Files
1134 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1140 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1146 =item The Basic Principle
1150 =item Packing Numbers
1156 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1158 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1160 =item Floating point Numbers
1164 =item Exotic Templates
1176 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1180 =item Lengths and Widths
1184 =item String Lengths
1186 =item Dynamic Templates
1190 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1194 =item The Alignment Pit
1196 =item Alignment, Take 2
1198 =item Alignment, Take 3
1200 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1206 =item Funnies Section
1212 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1218 =item Part 1: The basics
1222 =item Simple word matching
1224 =item Using character classes
1226 =item Matching this or that
1228 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1230 =item Extracting matches
1232 =item Matching repetitions
1234 =item Building a regexp
1236 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1240 =item Part 2: Power tools
1244 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1246 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1248 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1250 =item Non-capturing groupings
1252 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1254 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1256 =item Conditional expressions
1258 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1260 =item Pragmas and debugging
1268 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1272 =item Acknowledgments
1278 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1288 =item Regular Expressions
1290 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1292 =item Extended Patterns
1294 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1295 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1296 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1297 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1301 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1303 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1305 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1307 =item Combining pieces together
1309 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1310 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1311 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1312 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1314 =item Creating custom RE engines
1324 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1334 =item Making References
1336 =item Using References
1338 =item Symbolic references
1340 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1342 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1344 =item Function Templates
1354 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1362 =item Format Variables
1372 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1380 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1388 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1390 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1392 =item Invoking a barnyard
1394 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1396 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1398 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1400 =item A few notes about @ISA
1402 =item Overriding the methods
1404 =item Starting the search from a different place
1406 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1408 =item Where we're at so far...
1410 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1412 =item Invoking an instance method
1414 =item Accessing the instance data
1416 =item How to build a horse
1418 =item Inheriting the constructor
1420 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1422 =item Adding parameters to a method
1424 =item More interesting instances
1426 =item A horse of a different color
1438 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1444 =item Creating a Class
1448 =item Object Representation
1450 =item Class Interface
1452 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1454 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1458 =item Other Object Methods
1466 =item Accessing Class Data
1468 =item Debugging Methods
1470 =item Class Destructors
1472 =item Documenting the Interface
1482 =item Overridden Methods
1484 =item Multiple Inheritance
1486 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1490 =item Alternate Object Representations
1494 =item Arrays as Objects
1496 =item Closures as Objects
1500 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1504 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1506 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1510 =item Metaclassical Tools
1516 =item Data Members as Variables
1524 =item Object Terminology
1530 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1536 =item Acknowledgments
1542 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1548 =item Class Data in a Can
1550 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1554 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1556 =item Inheritance Concerns
1558 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1560 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1562 =item Monadic Classes
1564 =item Translucent Attributes
1568 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1572 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1574 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1576 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1578 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1580 =item Translucency Revisited
1588 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1590 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1596 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1604 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1606 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1608 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1610 =item Method Invocation
1612 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1614 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1616 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1622 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1630 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1636 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1638 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1640 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1642 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1644 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1646 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1648 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1650 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1652 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1654 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1660 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1672 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1677 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1678 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1679 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1680 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1685 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1686 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1687 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1689 =item Tying FileHandles
1691 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1692 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1697 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1709 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1710 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1726 =item Using open() for IPC
1732 =item Background Processes
1734 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1736 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1738 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1740 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1744 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1748 =item Internet Line Terminators
1750 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1752 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1756 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1760 =item A Simple Client
1762 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1764 =item A Webget Client
1766 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1770 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1772 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1774 =item UDP: Message Passing
1788 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1798 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1800 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1801 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1802 files, directories and network sockets
1804 =item Resource limits
1806 =item Killing the parent process
1808 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1810 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1812 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1813 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1814 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1826 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1834 =item Storing numbers
1836 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1838 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1840 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1841 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1842 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1851 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1859 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1865 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1867 =item Threaded Program Models
1879 =item Native threads
1881 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1883 =item Threadsafe Modules
1889 =item Basic Thread Support
1891 =item Creating Threads
1893 =item Giving up control
1895 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1897 =item Errors In Threads
1899 =item Ignoring A Thread
1903 =item Threads And Data
1907 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1909 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1911 =item Controlling access: lock()
1913 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1915 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1919 =item Threads And Code
1923 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1925 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1927 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1929 =item Subroutine Locks
1933 =item Locking A Subroutine
1937 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1941 =item What Thread Am I In?
1945 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1947 =item What Threads Are Running?
1951 =item A Complete Example
1959 =item Introductory Texts
1961 =item OS-Related References
1963 =item Other References
1967 =item Acknowledgements
1975 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1981 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1990 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1992 =item Files and Filesystems
1994 =item System Interaction
1996 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1998 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2000 =item Standard Modules
2004 =item Character sets and character encoding
2006 =item Internationalisation
2008 =item System Resources
2018 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2019 http://testers.cpan.org/
2027 =item DOS and Derivatives
2035 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2043 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2047 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2049 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2050 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2051 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2052 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2053 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2054 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2055 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2056 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2057 getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
2058 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
2059 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
2060 EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
2061 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
2062 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
2063 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
2064 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
2065 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2066 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2067 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2068 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2069 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2070 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2071 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2072 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2073 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2079 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2080 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2081 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2082 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2083 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2084 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2086 =item Supported Platforms
2090 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2094 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2101 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2107 =item The use locale pragma
2109 =item The setlocale function
2111 =item Finding locales
2113 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2115 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2117 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2119 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2121 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2123 =item The localeconv function
2125 =item I18N::Langinfo
2129 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2133 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2135 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2137 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2139 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2143 =item Other categories
2151 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2152 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2158 =item Backward compatibility
2160 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2162 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2164 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2166 =item Freely available locale definitions
2170 =item An imperfect standard
2174 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2180 =item Broken systems
2190 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2200 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2202 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2204 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2206 =item Creating Unicode
2208 =item Handling Unicode
2210 =item Legacy Encodings
2214 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2218 =item Advanced Topics
2222 =item Questions With Answers
2226 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2228 =item Further Resources
2232 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2236 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2238 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2242 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2250 =item Important Caveats
2252 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2253 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2255 =item Byte and Character semantics
2257 =item Effects of character semantics
2263 =item User-defined Character Properties
2265 =item Character encodings for input and output
2267 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2269 =item Unicode Encodings
2271 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2273 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2277 =item Using Unicode in XS
2285 =item Interaction with locales
2287 =item Interaction with extensions
2297 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2303 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2311 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2315 =item 13 variant characters
2323 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2325 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2327 =item Unicode and UTF
2333 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2335 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2337 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2351 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2353 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2355 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2357 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2365 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2367 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2369 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2371 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2375 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2379 =item URL decoding and encoding
2381 =item uu encoding and decoding
2383 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2385 =item Caesarian ciphers
2389 =item Hashing order and checksums
2393 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2405 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2425 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2433 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2435 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2437 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2441 =item Protecting Your Programs
2451 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2463 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2469 =item Making your module threadsafe
2477 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2487 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2488 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2502 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2508 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2512 =item Pragmatic Modules
2514 attributes, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames,
2515 constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer, less,
2516 locale, open, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, utf8, vars,
2517 vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2519 =item Standard Modules
2521 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CGI,
2522 CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push,
2523 CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp,
2524 Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, Devel::SelfStubber,
2525 Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2526 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2527 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS,
2528 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2529 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2530 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2531 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, File::Basename,
2532 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2533 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
2534 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2535 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2536 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2537 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IPC::Open2,
2538 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2539 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2540 Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2541 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
2542 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
2543 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
2544 Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
2545 Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
2546 Net::protoent, Net::servent, PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find,
2547 Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man,
2548 Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select,
2549 Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap,
2550 Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
2551 Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine,
2552 Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
2553 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
2554 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2555 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Tie::Array, Tie::File,
2556 Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar,
2557 Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm,
2558 UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2560 =item Extension Modules
2572 =item Central America
2584 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2588 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2590 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2592 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2600 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2606 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2610 =item Before you start
2618 =item Release considerations
2622 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2626 =item Has it been done before?
2628 =item Do one thing and do it well
2630 =item What's in a name?
2634 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2638 =item To OO or not to OO?
2640 =item Designing your API
2642 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2643 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2646 =item Strictness and warnings
2648 =item Backwards compatibility
2650 =item Error handling and messages
2654 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2660 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2664 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2668 =item Version numbering
2670 =item Pre-requisites
2680 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2684 =item Reinventing the wheel
2686 =item Trying to do too much
2688 =item Inappropriate documentation
2694 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2695 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2701 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2711 =item What should I make into a module?
2713 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2715 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2717 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2719 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2720 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2721 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2723 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2725 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2726 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2736 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
2737 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
2747 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2749 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2751 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2753 =item What is perl6?
2755 =item How stable is Perl?
2757 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2759 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2762 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2764 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2766 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2768 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2770 =item What is a JAPH?
2772 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2774 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2775 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2779 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2783 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $,
2784 $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
2792 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2794 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2796 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2798 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2801 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2802 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2804 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2805 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2807 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2809 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2811 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2813 =item Where should I post source code?
2817 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2819 =item Perl in Magazines
2821 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2823 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2825 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2827 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2829 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2831 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2835 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2839 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 2002/04/28
2848 =item How do I do (anything)?
2850 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2852 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2854 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2856 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2858 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2860 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2862 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2864 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2866 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
2867 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2868 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2870 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2872 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2874 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2876 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2878 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2880 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2882 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2884 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
2885 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
2887 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2889 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2891 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2893 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2895 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2897 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2899 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2901 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2903 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2905 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2907 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2909 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2911 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2912 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2914 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
2916 =item What's MakeMaker?
2920 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2924 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2002/04/07
2935 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2936 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2938 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2940 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2943 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
2945 B<How do I convert Hexadecimal into decimal:>, B<How do I convert from
2946 decimal to hexadecimal:>, B<How do I convert from octal to decimal:>, B<How
2947 do I convert from decimal to octal:>, B<How do I convert from binary to
2948 decimal:>, B<How do I convert from decimal to binary:>
2950 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2952 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2954 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2956 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2958 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2960 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
2968 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2970 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2972 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2974 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2976 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2978 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2980 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2988 =item How do I validate input?
2990 =item How do I unescape a string?
2992 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2994 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2996 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2998 =item How do I reverse a string?
3000 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3002 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3004 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
3006 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3008 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3011 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3013 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3014 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3016 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3018 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3020 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3022 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3024 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3026 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3028 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3030 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3031 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3040 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3042 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3044 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3048 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3051 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3052 intersection of two arrays?
3054 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3056 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3058 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3060 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3062 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3064 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3066 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3068 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3070 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3072 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3074 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3078 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3082 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3084 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3087 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3089 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3091 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3093 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3095 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3097 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3099 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3101 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3103 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3105 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3107 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3110 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3111 array of hashes or arrays?
3113 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3121 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3123 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3125 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3127 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3129 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3131 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3133 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3137 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3141 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2002/04/12
3150 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3152 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3153 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3155 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3157 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3159 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3161 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3162 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3164 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3166 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3168 =item How can I write() into a string?
3170 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3172 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3174 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3176 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3178 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3180 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3182 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3184 =item How can I lock a file?
3186 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3188 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3189 the file. How can I do this?
3191 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3192 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3194 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3196 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3198 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3200 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3202 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3204 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3206 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3208 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3210 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3212 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3214 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3216 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3217 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3219 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3221 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3222 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3224 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3226 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3230 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3234 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.10 $, $Date: 2002/04/07
3243 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3244 and unmaintainable code?
3246 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3248 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3250 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3253 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3255 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3258 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3260 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3262 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3264 =item What is C</o> really for?
3266 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3269 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3271 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3273 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3275 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3277 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3279 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3281 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3283 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3285 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3287 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3289 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3291 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3293 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3297 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3301 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
3302 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)
3310 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3312 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3315 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3318 =item How do I skip some return values?
3320 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3322 =item What's an extension?
3324 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3326 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3328 =item How do I create a module?
3330 =item How do I create a class?
3332 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3334 =item What's a closure?
3336 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3338 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3341 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3344 =item How do I create a static variable?
3346 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3347 Between local() and my()?
3349 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3352 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3354 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3356 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3358 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3360 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3362 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3364 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3366 =item How can I find out my current package?
3368 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3370 =item How do I clear a package?
3372 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3376 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3380 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.7 $, $Date: 2002/04/18
3389 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3391 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3393 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3395 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3397 =item How do I print something out in color?
3399 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3401 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3403 =item How do I clear the screen?
3405 =item How do I get the screen size?
3407 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3409 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3411 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3413 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3415 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3417 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3419 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3421 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3423 =item How do I set the time and date?
3425 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3427 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3429 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3431 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3432 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3434 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3436 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3438 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3440 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3442 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3444 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3446 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3448 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3450 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3452 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3455 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3457 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3459 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3461 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3464 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3465 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3466 changes to be visible?
3470 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3473 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3475 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3477 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3479 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3481 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3483 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3485 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3487 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3489 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3491 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3493 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3495 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3498 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3500 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3504 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3508 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13
3517 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3519 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3522 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3524 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3526 =item How do I extract URLs?
3528 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3529 file on another machine?
3531 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3533 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3535 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3537 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3539 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3541 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3543 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3545 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3546 CGI script to do bad things?
3548 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3550 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3552 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3554 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3556 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3558 =item How do I send mail?
3560 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3562 =item How do I read mail?
3564 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3566 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3568 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3570 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3574 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3578 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3588 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3592 =item Using The Back Ends
3596 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3600 =item The Decompiling Back End
3602 =item The Lint Back End
3604 =item The Simple C Back End
3606 =item The Bytecode Back End
3608 =item The Optimized C Back End
3612 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3614 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3615 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3616 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3618 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3624 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3634 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3635 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3639 =item Compiling your C program
3641 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3643 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3645 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3647 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3649 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3651 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3653 =item Execution of END blocks
3655 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3657 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3662 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3672 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3678 =item Debugger Internals
3682 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3686 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3688 =item Debugging regular expressions
3692 =item Compile-time output
3694 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3695 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3696 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3699 =item Types of nodes
3701 =item Run-time output
3705 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3709 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3711 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3712 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3715 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3717 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3719 =item B<-DL> details
3723 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3731 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3743 =item Version caveat
3745 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3757 =item What has gone on?
3759 =item Writing good test scripts
3763 =item What's new here?
3765 =item Input and Output Parameters
3767 =item The XSUBPP Program
3769 =item The TYPEMAP file
3771 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3775 =item What has happened here?
3777 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3779 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3781 =item More about XSUB arguments
3783 =item The Argument Stack
3785 =item Extending your Extension
3787 =item Documenting your Extension
3789 =item Installing your Extension
3793 =item New Things in this Example
3797 =item New Things in this Example
3799 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3801 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3803 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3805 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3821 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3833 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3835 =item The Argument Stack
3837 =item The RETVAL Variable
3839 =item The MODULE Keyword
3841 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3843 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3845 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3847 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3849 =item The CODE: Keyword
3851 =item The INIT: Keyword
3853 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3855 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3857 =item Default Parameter Values
3859 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3861 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3863 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3865 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3867 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
3869 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3871 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3873 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3875 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3877 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3879 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3881 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3883 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3885 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3887 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3889 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3891 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3893 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
3895 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3897 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3899 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3901 =item The CASE: Keyword
3903 =item The & Unary Operator
3905 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3907 =item Using XS With C++
3909 =item Interface Strategy
3911 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3915 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
3917 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
3929 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3939 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3941 =item File Operations
3943 =item File Input and Output
3945 =item File Positioning
3947 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3949 =item Character Class Tests
3951 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3953 =item Miscellaneous functions
3961 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3973 =item What is an "IV"?
3975 =item Working with SVs
3979 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3981 =item Working with AVs
3983 =item Working with HVs
3985 =item Hash API Extensions
3989 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3991 =item Creating New Variables
3993 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
3995 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3997 =item Stashes and Globs
3999 =item Double-Typed SVs
4001 =item Magic Variables
4003 =item Assigning Magic
4005 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4009 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4011 =item Localizing changes
4013 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4014 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4015 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4016 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4017 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4018 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4019 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4020 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4021 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4022 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4030 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4032 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4034 =item Memory Allocation
4038 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4042 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4052 =item Examining the tree
4054 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4056 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4058 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4060 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4062 =item Pluggable runops
4066 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4068 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4072 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4074 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4076 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4078 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4080 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4084 =item Internal Functions
4086 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4090 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4092 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4094 =item Source Documentation
4098 =item Unicode Support
4102 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4104 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4106 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4108 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4110 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4112 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4116 =item Custom Operators
4124 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4130 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4132 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4134 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4154 =item Determining the Context
4158 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4164 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4166 =item Passing Parameters
4168 =item Returning a Scalar
4170 =item Returning a list of values
4172 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4174 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4178 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4182 =item Using call_argv
4184 =item Using call_method
4188 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4190 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4192 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4193 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4196 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4198 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4210 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4220 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4221 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4222 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4223 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4227 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4229 =item Administration
4231 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4235 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4236 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4244 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4254 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4256 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4258 B<Decryption Filters>
4260 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4262 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4264 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4276 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4284 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4285 B<filter_fetch_value>
4291 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4293 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4303 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4309 =item "Gimme" Values
4311 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4313 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4315 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4316 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4317 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4319 =item Callback Functions
4321 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4322 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4324 =item Character classes
4326 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4328 =item Cloning an interpreter
4332 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4334 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4336 =item Embedding Functions
4338 load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4339 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4341 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4343 pack_cat, unpack_str
4345 =item Global Variables
4347 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4351 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4352 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4356 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4358 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4360 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4361 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4362 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4363 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store,
4364 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4366 =item Magical Functions
4368 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4369 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4370 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4372 =item Memory Management
4374 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Renew, Renewc, Safefree, savepv,
4375 savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4377 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4379 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4380 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4382 =item Numeric functions
4384 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4387 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4389 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4391 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4393 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4394 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4395 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4396 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4397 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4401 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4403 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4405 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4406 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4407 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4408 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4409 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4410 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4411 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4412 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4413 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4414 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4415 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4416 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
4417 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
4418 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4419 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4420 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4421 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4422 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
4423 sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4424 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4425 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4426 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
4427 sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
4428 sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
4429 sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4430 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4431 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg,
4432 sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
4433 sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags,
4434 sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true,
4435 sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
4436 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
4437 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4439 =item Unicode Support
4441 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4442 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4443 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4444 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4445 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4447 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4449 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4450 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4452 =item Warning and Dieing
4462 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4469 =item Global Variables
4471 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4482 =item Pad Data Structures
4486 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4490 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4492 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4500 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4510 =item History and Background
4512 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4514 =item Data Structures
4516 =item Functions and Attributes
4518 =item Per-instance Data
4520 =item Layers in action.
4522 =item Per-instance flag bits
4524 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4525 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4526 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4527 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4529 =item Methods in Detail
4531 name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS,
4532 PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, PERLIO_K_RAW, Pushed, Popped, Open, Getarg, Fileno, Dup,
4533 Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr,
4534 Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt
4538 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4540 =item Extension Layers
4542 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4550 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4558 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4559 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4560 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4561 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4562 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4563 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4564 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4565 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4566 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4567 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4568 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4572 =item Co-existence with stdio
4574 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4575 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4577 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4579 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4580 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4581 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4582 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4584 =item Other Functions
4586 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4587 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4593 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4599 =item To do during 5.6.x
4603 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4605 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4607 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4609 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4611 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4615 =item use Thread for iThreads
4617 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4619 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4621 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4623 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4625 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4627 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4629 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4631 =item Complete signal handling
4633 =item Out-of-source builds
4635 =item POSIX realtime support
4637 =item UNIX98 support
4641 =item Long double conversion
4645 =item Thread-safe regexes
4647 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4649 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4651 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4653 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4655 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4657 =item Custom opcodes
4659 =item DLL Versioning
4661 =item Introduce @( and @)
4663 =item Floating point handling
4665 =item IV/UV preservation
4667 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4669 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4671 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4673 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4675 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4677 =item Document Win32 choices
4679 =item Check new modules
4681 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4685 =item To do at some point
4689 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4691 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4693 =item bitfields in pack
4695 =item Cross compilation
4697 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4699 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4701 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4703 =item -i rename file when changed
4705 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4707 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4709 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4711 =item my sub foo { }
4713 =item One-pass global destruction
4715 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4717 =item Cache recently used regexps
4719 =item Re-entrant functions
4721 =item Cross-compilation support
4723 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4725 =item debugger pragma
4727 =item use less pragma
4729 =item switch structures
4731 =item Cache eval tree
4735 =item Shrink opcode tables
4737 =item Optimize away @_
4739 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4743 =item Prototype method calls
4745 =item Return context prototype declarations
4749 =item Garbage collection
4753 =item Rewrite perldoc
4755 =item Install .3p manpages
4757 =item Unicode tutorial
4759 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4761 =item Retargetable installation
4763 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4765 =item Rename Win32 headers
4767 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4769 =item Update sprintf documentation
4771 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4773 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4775 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
4777 =item Should overload be inheritable?
4787 =item ref() in list context
4789 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4791 =item Compile to real threaded code
4793 =item Structured types
4795 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4797 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4801 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4805 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4807 =item Constant function cache
4809 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4817 =item Update guts documentation
4819 =item Add more tests
4821 =item Update auxiliary tools
4823 =item Create debugging macros
4825 =item truncate to the people
4827 =item Unicode in Filenames
4831 =item Recently done things
4835 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4837 =item Safe signal handling
4843 =item setitimer and getimiter
4845 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4847 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4849 =item Explicit switch statements
4857 =item perlcc to produce executable
4859 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4861 =item Secure temporary file module
4863 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4865 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4867 =item Mmap for input
4869 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4871 =item Add sockatmark support
4873 =item Mailing list archives
4877 =item Integrate MacPerl
4879 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4881 =item Regular expression tutorial
4883 =item Debugging Tutorial
4885 =item Integrate new modules
4887 =item Integrate profiler
4889 =item Y2K error detection
4891 =item Regular expression debugger
4895 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4897 =item Cache precompiled modules
4901 =item Deprecated Wishes
4905 =item Loop control on do{}
4907 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4913 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4915 =item Named prototypes
4917 =item Built-in globbing
4919 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4921 =item Cached hash values
4923 =item Add compression modules
4925 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4927 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4929 =item Make XS easier to use
4931 =item Make embedding easier to use
4935 =item my $Package::variable
4937 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4939 =item "class"-based lexicals
4943 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4945 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4947 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4949 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4955 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4961 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4962 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4963 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4964 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4965 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4966 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4967 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4971 =item Keeping in sync
4973 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4974 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4976 =item Why rsync the source tree
4978 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4980 =item Why rsync the patches
4982 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4983 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4985 =item Perlbug remote interface
4987 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
4988 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
4990 =item Submitting patches
4992 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4993 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4995 =item Finding Your Way Around
4997 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4999 =item Elements of the interpreter
5001 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5003 =item Internal Variable Types
5009 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5011 =item Millions of Macros
5013 =item Poking at Perl
5015 =item Using a source-level debugger
5017 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5018 finish, 'enter', print
5020 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5024 =item Patching a core module
5026 =item Adding a new function to the core
5028 =item Writing a test
5030 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5031 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5035 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5039 =item Rational Software's Purify
5041 =item Purify on Unix
5043 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5047 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5049 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
5051 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5055 =item Gprof Profiling
5057 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5059 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5061 =item Pixie Profiling
5063 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5066 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5070 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5078 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5086 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5098 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5100 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5104 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5108 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5114 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5116 =item Incompatible Changes
5120 =item Binary Incompatibility
5122 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5124 =item AIX Dynaloading
5126 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
5128 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5130 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5132 =item New Unicode Properties
5134 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5136 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5142 =item Core Enhancements
5146 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5148 =item Restricted Hashes
5152 =item Unicode Overhaul
5154 =item Understanding of Numbers
5156 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5160 =item Modules and Pragmata
5164 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5166 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5170 =item Utility Changes
5172 =item New Documentation
5174 =item Performance Enhancements
5176 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5180 =item Generic Improvements
5182 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5186 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5190 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5194 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5196 =item Changed Internals
5198 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5202 =item Known Problems
5208 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5210 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO8859-15 Locales
5212 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5214 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5216 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5218 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5222 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5226 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5238 =item XML::Parser not working
5240 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5244 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5246 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5248 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5250 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5252 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5254 =item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental
5256 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5260 =item Reporting Bugs
5268 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5274 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5276 =item Incompatible Changes
5280 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5282 =item AIX Dynaloading
5284 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5286 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5292 =item Core Enhancements
5294 =item Modules and Pragmata
5298 =item New Modules and Distributions
5300 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5304 =item Utility Changes
5306 =item New Documentation
5308 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5312 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5314 =item Generic Improvements
5318 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5322 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5326 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5328 =item Source Code Enhancements
5332 =item MAGIC constants
5334 =item Better commented code
5336 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5344 =item Known Problems
5350 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5352 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5354 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5356 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5358 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5360 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5364 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5366 =item Failure of Thread tests
5376 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5378 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5380 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5382 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5384 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5386 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5390 =item Reporting Bugs
5398 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5404 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5406 =item Incompatible Changes
5408 =item Core Enhancements
5412 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5414 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5416 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5420 =item Modules and Pragmata
5426 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5430 =item Performance Enhancements
5432 =item Utility Changes
5434 =item New Documentation
5450 =item README.solaris
5454 =item Porting/repository.pod
5458 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5462 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5464 =item Generic Improvements
5466 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5467 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5468 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5472 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5476 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5480 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5482 =item Changed Internals
5486 =item Known Problems
5490 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5492 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5494 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5496 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5500 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5502 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5504 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5506 =item Failure of Thread tests
5508 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5510 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5512 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5514 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5518 =item Reporting Bugs
5526 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5532 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5534 =item Incompatible Changes
5536 =item Core Enhancements
5538 =item Modules and Pragmata
5544 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5548 =item Utility Changes
5550 =item New Documentation
5552 =item Performance Enhancements
5554 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5558 =item Generic Improvements
5562 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5566 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5570 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5572 =item Changed Internals
5574 =item Known Problems
5578 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5580 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5582 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5584 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5586 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5588 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5590 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5592 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5594 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5596 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5600 =item Reporting Bugs
5608 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5614 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5618 =item Security Issues
5620 =item Core bug fixes
5622 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5623 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5624 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5625 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5626 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5627 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5632 =item Configuration issues
5636 =item Bundled modules
5638 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5639 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5640 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5641 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5643 =item Platform-specific improvements
5645 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5649 =item Core Enhancements
5653 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5655 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5657 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5659 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5661 =item "our" declarations
5663 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5665 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5667 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5669 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5671 =item open() with more than two arguments
5673 =item 64-bit support
5675 =item Large file support
5681 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5683 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5685 =item File globbing implemented internally
5687 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5689 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5691 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5693 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5695 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5697 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5699 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5701 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5703 =item Comments in pack() templates
5705 =item Weak references
5707 =item Binary numbers supported
5709 =item Lvalue subroutines
5711 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5713 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5715 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5717 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5719 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5721 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5723 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5725 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5727 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5729 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5731 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5733 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5735 =item Improved diagnostics
5737 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5739 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5741 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5743 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5745 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5747 =item Improved security features
5749 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5751 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5753 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5755 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5757 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5759 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5761 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5765 =item Modules and Pragmata
5771 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5772 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5773 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5774 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5775 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5776 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5777 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5778 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5784 =item Utility Changes
5798 =item The Perl Debugger
5802 =item Improved Documentation
5804 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5805 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5806 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5807 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5809 =item Performance enhancements
5813 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5815 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5817 =item Faster subroutine calls
5819 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5823 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5827 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5829 =item New Configure flags
5831 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5837 =item -Duselargefiles
5839 =item installusrbinperl
5845 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5847 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
5851 =item Platform specific changes
5855 =item Supported platforms
5859 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5867 =item Significant bug fixes
5871 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5873 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5875 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5877 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5879 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5881 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5883 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5885 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5887 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5889 =item Locale bugs fixed
5893 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5895 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5897 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5899 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5903 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5905 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5906 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5907 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5908 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5909 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5910 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5911 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5912 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5913 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5914 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5915 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5916 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5917 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5918 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5919 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5920 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5921 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5922 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5923 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5924 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5925 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5926 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5927 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5928 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5929 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5930 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5931 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5932 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5933 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5934 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5935 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5936 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5937 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5938 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5939 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5940 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5941 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5942 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5943 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5944 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5945 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5946 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5947 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5948 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5949 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5950 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5951 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5952 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5953 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5954 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5958 =item Incompatible Changes
5962 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5964 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5965 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5966 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5967 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5968 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5969 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5970 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5971 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5972 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5973 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5974 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5976 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5978 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5980 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5982 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5984 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5988 =item Known Problems
5992 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
5994 =item Known test failures
5998 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6000 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6002 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6004 =item Experimental features
6006 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6007 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6008 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6012 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6014 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6015 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6016 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6017 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6019 =item Reporting Bugs
6027 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6033 =item Core Enhancements
6037 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6039 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6041 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6043 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6045 =item "our" declarations
6047 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6049 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6051 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6053 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6055 =item open() with more than two arguments
6057 =item 64-bit support
6059 =item Large file support
6065 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6067 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6069 =item File globbing implemented internally
6071 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6073 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6075 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6077 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6079 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6081 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6083 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6085 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6087 =item Comments in pack() templates
6089 =item Weak references
6091 =item Binary numbers supported
6093 =item Lvalue subroutines
6095 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6097 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6099 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6101 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6103 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6105 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6107 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6109 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6111 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6113 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6115 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6117 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6119 =item Improved diagnostics
6121 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6123 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6125 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6127 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6129 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6131 =item Improved security features
6133 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6135 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6137 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6139 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6141 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6143 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6145 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6149 =item Modules and Pragmata
6155 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6156 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6157 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6158 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6159 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6160 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6161 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6162 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6168 =item Utility Changes
6182 =item The Perl Debugger
6186 =item Improved Documentation
6188 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6189 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6190 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6191 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6193 =item Performance enhancements
6197 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6199 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6201 =item Faster subroutine calls
6203 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6207 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6211 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6213 =item New Configure flags
6215 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6221 =item -Duselargefiles
6223 =item installusrbinperl
6229 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6233 =item Platform specific changes
6237 =item Supported platforms
6241 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6249 =item Significant bug fixes
6253 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6255 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6257 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6259 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6261 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6263 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6265 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6267 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6269 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6271 =item Locale bugs fixed
6275 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6277 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6279 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6281 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6285 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6287 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6288 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6289 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6290 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6291 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6292 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6293 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6294 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6295 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6296 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6297 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6298 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6299 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6300 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6301 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6302 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6303 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6304 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6305 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6306 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6307 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6308 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6309 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6310 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6311 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6312 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6313 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6314 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6315 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6316 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6317 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6318 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6319 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6320 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6321 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6322 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6323 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6324 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6325 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6326 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6327 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6328 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6329 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6330 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6331 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6332 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6333 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6334 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6335 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6336 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6340 =item Incompatible Changes
6344 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6346 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6347 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6348 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6349 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6350 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6351 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6352 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6353 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6354 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6355 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6356 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6358 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6360 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6362 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6364 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6366 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6370 =item Known Problems
6374 =item Thread test failures
6376 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6378 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6380 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6382 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6385 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6387 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6389 =item Experimental features
6391 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6392 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6393 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6397 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6399 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6400 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6401 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6402 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6404 =item Reporting Bugs
6412 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6418 =item About the new versioning system
6420 =item Incompatible Changes
6424 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6426 =item Default installation structure has changed
6428 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6430 =item C Source Compatibility
6432 =item Binary Compatibility
6434 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6436 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6450 =item Regular Expressions
6452 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6453 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6454 improvements, Incompatible changes
6456 =item Improved malloc()
6458 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6460 =item Reliable signals
6462 =item Reliable stack pointers
6464 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6468 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6470 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6472 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6474 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6476 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6478 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6480 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6482 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6484 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6486 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6488 =item Better locale support
6490 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6492 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6494 =item Extended support for exception handling
6496 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6498 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6500 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6502 =item New C<lock> keyword
6504 =item New C<qr//> operator
6506 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6508 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6510 =item Tied handles support is better
6512 =item 4th argument to substr
6514 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6516 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6518 =item <> now reads in records
6522 =item Supported Platforms
6528 =item Changes in existing support
6532 =item Modules and Pragmata
6538 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6539 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6540 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6542 =item Changes in existing modules
6544 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6545 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6549 =item Utility Changes
6551 =item Documentation Changes
6553 =item New Diagnostics
6555 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6556 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6557 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6558 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6559 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6560 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6561 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6562 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6563 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6564 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6565 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6566 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6567 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6568 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6569 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6570 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6571 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6573 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6575 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6576 temporary file, regexp too big
6578 =item Configuration Changes
6588 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6594 =item Supported Environments
6600 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6602 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6604 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6606 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6608 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6610 =item More precise warnings
6612 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6614 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6616 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6618 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6620 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6622 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6624 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6626 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6628 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6630 =item Changes to tainting checks
6632 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6633 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6635 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6637 =item Embedding improvements
6639 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6641 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6643 =item New and changed syntax
6647 =item New and changed builtin constants
6651 =item New and changed builtin variables
6655 =item New and changed builtin functions
6657 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6658 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6659 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6660 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6661 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6663 =item New builtin methods
6665 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6667 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6669 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6670 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6672 =item Malloc enhancements
6674 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6676 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6680 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6696 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6697 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6703 =item Required Updates
6705 =item Installation directories
6707 =item Module information summary
6721 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6725 =item Utility Changes
6731 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6735 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6739 =item C Language API Changes
6741 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6744 =item Documentation Changes
6746 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6747 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6749 =item New Diagnostics
6751 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6752 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6753 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6754 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6755 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6756 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6757 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6758 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6759 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6760 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6761 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6762 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6763 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6764 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6765 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6766 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6767 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6768 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6769 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6770 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6771 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6772 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6773 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6774 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6775 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6785 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6793 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6797 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6799 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6801 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6803 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6809 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6819 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6829 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
6843 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
6845 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
6847 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
6849 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
6855 =item Accessing documentation
6859 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
6861 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
6863 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
6865 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
6869 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
6873 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
6875 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
6877 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
6879 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
6881 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
6891 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
6899 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
6901 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
6905 =item Contact Information
6907 =item Update 2002-03-02
6913 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
6923 =item gzip on BS2000
6925 =item bison on BS2000
6927 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
6929 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
6931 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
6933 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
6935 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
6937 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
6939 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
6973 =item Acknowledgements
6979 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
6985 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
6989 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
6991 =item Cygwin Configuration
6993 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
6997 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7001 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7003 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7005 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7006 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
7008 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7010 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7011 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7014 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7016 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7020 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7024 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7030 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7034 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7036 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7038 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7042 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7044 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7046 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7047 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7049 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7057 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7069 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7073 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7075 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7077 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7079 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7089 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7097 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7099 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7103 =item Editors on Epoc
7105 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7107 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7109 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7113 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7121 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7130 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7132 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7144 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7146 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7148 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7150 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7152 =item The GNU C Compiler
7154 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7156 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7158 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7160 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7162 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7164 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7166 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7170 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7178 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7186 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7194 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7203 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7205 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7207 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7209 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7219 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7233 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7239 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7245 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7253 =item Binary distribution from HP
7255 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7257 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7259 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7261 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7263 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7265 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7266 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7268 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7272 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7274 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7276 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7278 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7280 =item Perl/iX Change History
7296 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
7308 =item Build new extensions
7312 =item Acknowledgements
7320 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7340 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7342 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7344 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7348 =item Frequently asked questions
7352 =item "It does not work"
7354 =item I cannot run external programs
7356 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7359 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7362 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7364 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7372 =item Automatic binary installation
7374 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7376 =item Manual binary installation
7378 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7379 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7380 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7381 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7382 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7388 =item Accessing documentation
7392 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7400 =item GNU C<info> files
7412 =item The short story
7416 =item Getting perl source
7418 =item Application of the patches
7426 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7429 =item Installing the built perl
7431 =item C<a.out>-style build
7439 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7441 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7443 =item Problems with tr or sed
7445 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7447 =item Library ... not found
7449 =item Segfault in make
7451 =item op/sprintf test failure
7455 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7459 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7463 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7465 =item Additional modules:
7467 =item Prebuilt methods:
7469 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7470 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7471 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7472 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7473 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7474 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7475 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7476 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7477 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7478 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7479 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
7481 =item Prebuilt variables:
7483 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
7489 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7492 =item Identifying DLLs
7494 =item Centralized management of resources
7510 =item F<perl___.exe>
7512 =item Why strange names?
7514 =item Why dynamic linking?
7516 =item Why chimera build?
7524 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7526 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7528 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7530 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7532 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7534 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7544 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7546 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7548 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7551 =item DLL forwarder generation
7555 =item Calls to external programs
7557 =item Memory allocation
7561 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7577 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7590 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7592 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7594 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7596 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7598 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7600 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7602 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7604 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7606 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7608 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7618 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7626 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7634 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7636 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7638 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7640 =item QNX auxiliary files
7644 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7652 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7662 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7664 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7666 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7668 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7672 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7676 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7688 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7696 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7702 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7708 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7710 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7712 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7716 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7720 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7722 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7724 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7728 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7730 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7731 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7732 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7738 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7740 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7744 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
7746 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
7750 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
7754 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
7756 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
7760 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
7762 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
7764 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
7774 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
7775 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
7783 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
7785 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
7787 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
7789 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
7791 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
7793 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
7797 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
7799 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
7805 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
7813 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
7815 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
7821 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
7831 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
7833 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
7835 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
7837 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
7839 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
7849 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
7855 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
7863 =item Organization of Perl Images
7869 =item Perl Extensions
7871 =item Installing static extensions
7873 =item Installing dynamic extensions
7877 =item File specifications
7883 =item Wildcard expansion
7889 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
7895 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
7897 =item Command line switches
7903 =item Perl functions
7905 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
7906 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
7907 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
7908 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
7910 =item Perl variables
7912 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
7914 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
7928 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
7936 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
7938 =item Stratus POSIX Support
7942 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
7946 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
7948 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
7952 =item USING PERL IN VOS
7956 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
7958 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
7962 =item SUPPORT STATUS
7970 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
7972 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7984 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7994 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
7995 data structures between threads
8007 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
8008 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8020 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8029 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8030 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();
8034 Cleanup skipped %d active threads
8038 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
8039 not threadsafe, will not be
8041 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8047 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8057 =item Built-in Attributes
8059 locked, method, lvalue
8061 =item Available Subroutines
8065 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8067 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8069 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8077 =item Default exports
8079 =item Available exports
8081 =item Export tags defined
8091 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8103 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8119 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8133 =head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
8145 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8149 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8169 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8181 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8185 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8205 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
8227 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8228 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8229 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8230 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8231 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
8241 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8255 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8268 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8277 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8279 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8281 =item charnames::vianame(code)
8285 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8291 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8303 =item List constants
8305 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8307 =item Magic constants
8311 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8321 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8332 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8334 =item The I<splain> Program
8348 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
8358 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
8359 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
8367 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
8371 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
8373 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
8375 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
8377 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8383 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8397 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8407 =item subpragma access
8413 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8427 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8438 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8448 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8458 =item Adding directories to @INC
8460 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8462 =item Restoring original @INC
8474 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8485 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
8493 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8495 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8501 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8513 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8523 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8525 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8527 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8529 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8531 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8533 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8535 =item Overloadable Operations
8537 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8538 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8539 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8541 =item Inheritance and overloading
8543 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8544 is inherited by derived classes
8548 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8556 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8558 =item Copy Constructor
8564 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8566 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8567 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8568 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8571 =item Losing overloading
8573 =item Run-time Overloading
8575 =item Public functions
8577 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8579 =item Overloading constants
8581 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8583 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8585 =item Metaphor clash
8591 =item Two-face scalars
8593 =item Two-face references
8595 =item Symbolic calculator
8597 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8605 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8606 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8612 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8622 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8634 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8636 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8640 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8644 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8652 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8664 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8672 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
8676 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
8686 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8695 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8696 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();
8700 Cleanup skipped %d active threads
8704 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
8705 not threadsafe, will not be
8707 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8713 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
8714 structures between threads
8726 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
8727 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8739 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
8750 =item Utility functions
8752 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
8753 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
8762 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
8772 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
8780 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
8784 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
8792 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
8793 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
8794 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
8795 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
8796 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
8800 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
8810 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
8812 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
8822 =item DBM Comparisons
8832 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
8842 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
8846 =item Typed lexicals
8848 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
8850 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
8852 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
8854 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
8862 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
8863 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
8864 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
8865 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
8866 be able to apply END handler>
8876 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
8886 =item Subroutine Stubs
8888 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8890 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8892 =item Package Lexicals
8894 =item Not Using AutoLoader
8896 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
8906 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
8914 $keep, $check, $modtime
8918 =item Multiple packages
8926 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
8934 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
8938 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
8946 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
8960 =item B::PVMG METHODS
8964 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
8966 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
8968 =item B::PVLV METHODS
8970 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
8974 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
8978 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
8979 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
8983 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
8984 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
8988 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
8992 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
8997 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
8999 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9003 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9005 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9009 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9013 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9017 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9021 =item B::PMOP METHODS
9023 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9024 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9026 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9030 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9034 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9038 =item B::LOOP METHODS
9040 redoop, nextop, lastop
9042 =item B::COP METHODS
9044 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
9048 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
9050 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
9051 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
9052 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
9053 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
9054 cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9060 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9069 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9075 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9087 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9107 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9117 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9118 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9119 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9129 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9139 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9140 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9141 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9152 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9162 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9163 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9164 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9176 =item Context of ".."
9180 =item Deprecated features
9188 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9200 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9201 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9202 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9204 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9206 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9207 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9208 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9209 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9210 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9211 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9212 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9213 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9219 =item OP flags abbreviations
9221 =item OP class abbreviations
9225 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9231 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9243 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9253 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9254 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9256 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9266 =item ambient_pragmas
9268 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9280 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9292 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9300 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9302 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9303 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9305 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9315 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9325 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9333 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9345 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9357 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9359 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9371 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9381 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
9389 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9409 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9423 =item Standard Exports
9425 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9426 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9427 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9429 =item Optional Exports
9431 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9432 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9433 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9449 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9453 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9467 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9477 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9478 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9479 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9489 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9501 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9503 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9505 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9507 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9509 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9511 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9513 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9515 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9517 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9519 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9521 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9523 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9525 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9527 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9529 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9531 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9533 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9535 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9536 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9540 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9541 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9544 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9546 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9547 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9552 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9556 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9558 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9560 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9562 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9564 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9566 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9568 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9570 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9571 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9573 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9577 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9581 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9583 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9585 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9587 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9589 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9591 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9592 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9594 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9598 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9602 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9604 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9606 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9608 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9612 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9614 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9616 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9620 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9622 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9626 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9630 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9634 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9638 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
9642 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
9644 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
9646 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
9650 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
9654 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
9660 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
9661 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
9663 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
9665 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
9666 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
9669 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
9675 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
9679 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
9681 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
9682 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
9683 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
9684 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
9685 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
9687 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
9689 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
9694 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
9696 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
9698 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
9699 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
9701 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
9703 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9707 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
9708 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
9709 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
9710 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
9711 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
9712 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
9713 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
9714 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
9715 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
9716 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
9717 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
9718 ...and many many more..
9720 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
9728 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
9738 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9746 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
9755 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
9757 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
9761 =item Changing the default message
9765 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
9775 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
9783 =item USING CGI::Cookie
9785 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
9789 =item Creating New Cookies
9791 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
9793 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
9795 =item Manipulating Cookies
9797 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
9801 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9809 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
9817 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
9819 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
9821 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
9823 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
9825 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
9827 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
9831 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9839 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
9849 =item Tags that won't be formatted
9851 =item Customizing the Indenting
9863 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
9871 =item USING CGI::Push
9873 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
9877 =item Heterogeneous Pages
9879 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
9883 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
9885 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9893 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
9903 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9911 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
9919 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9925 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
9935 =item Interactive Mode
9937 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
9938 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
9939 distribution, ls author, Signals
9947 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
9949 =item Programmer's interface
9951 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
9953 =item Methods in the other Classes
9955 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
9956 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
9957 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
9958 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
9959 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
9960 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
9961 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
9962 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
9963 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
9964 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
9965 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
9966 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
9967 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
9968 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
9969 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
9970 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
9971 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
9972 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
9973 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
9974 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
9975 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
9976 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
9977 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
9978 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
9979 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
9980 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
9988 =item Finding packages and VERSION
9992 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
9998 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
9999 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10000 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10001 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10005 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10007 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10015 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10017 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10021 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10023 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10025 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10031 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10043 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10053 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10066 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10076 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10084 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10086 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10096 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10097 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10098 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10100 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10108 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10118 =item The C<struct()> function
10120 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10122 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10124 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10125 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10127 =item Initializing with C<new>
10133 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10135 =item Author and Modification History
10139 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10147 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10159 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10163 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10164 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10165 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10166 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10170 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
10171 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10175 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10176 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10177 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10178 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10179 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10180 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10181 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10185 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10186 C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
10187 C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>,
10188 C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>,
10189 C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>,
10190 C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>,
10191 C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>,
10192 C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>,
10193 C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
10194 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>,
10195 C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>,
10196 C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>,
10197 C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
10198 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
10199 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
10200 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
10201 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
10202 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
10203 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
10204 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>,
10205 C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>,
10206 C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>,
10207 C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>,
10208 C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>,
10209 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
10210 C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
10211 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
10212 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
10213 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
10214 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
10215 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
10216 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
10217 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
10218 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
10219 C<d_htonl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
10220 C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>,
10221 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>,
10222 C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>,
10223 C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>,
10224 C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>,
10225 C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>,
10226 C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
10227 C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
10228 C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>,
10229 C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>,
10230 C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>,
10231 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
10232 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
10233 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
10234 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
10235 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
10236 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
10237 C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>,
10238 C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>,
10239 C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>, C<d_readdir>,
10240 C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>,
10241 C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>,
10242 C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>,
10243 C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
10244 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
10245 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>,
10246 C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>,
10247 C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>,
10248 C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>,
10249 C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>,
10250 C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>,
10251 C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>,
10252 C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>,
10253 C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>,
10254 C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>,
10255 C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>,
10256 C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>,
10257 C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>,
10258 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10259 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10260 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10261 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
10262 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
10263 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
10264 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
10265 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
10266 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
10267 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
10268 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
10269 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
10270 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
10271 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
10272 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
10273 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10274 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10275 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
10279 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
10280 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
10281 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
10282 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10286 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10287 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10292 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
10293 C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
10294 C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
10295 C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
10296 C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
10297 C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
10298 C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
10299 C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
10300 C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
10304 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10308 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10309 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
10310 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
10311 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10312 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10313 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10314 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10315 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10316 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10317 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10318 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10319 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10320 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10321 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10322 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10323 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10324 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10325 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10326 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10327 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10328 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10329 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10330 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10331 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10335 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10339 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10340 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10341 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10342 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10343 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
10344 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
10349 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10350 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10351 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10355 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10356 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10360 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10361 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10362 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
10363 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
10364 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10368 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10369 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10373 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10374 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10378 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10379 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10380 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10381 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10385 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10389 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
10390 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
10391 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10395 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10396 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
10397 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
10398 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
10399 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
10400 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
10401 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
10402 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10403 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10404 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10405 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10406 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10407 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
10408 C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
10409 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
10410 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
10411 C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10415 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10416 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
10421 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10422 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10423 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10424 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10425 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10426 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10427 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10428 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10429 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10433 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10434 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10435 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10436 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10440 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10444 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10456 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10466 =item getcwd and friends
10468 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10470 =item abs_path and friends
10472 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10484 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10496 =item Global Variables
10498 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10499 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10504 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10505 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10507 =item Client Callback Methods
10509 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10510 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10511 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10521 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10529 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10533 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10535 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10537 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10539 =item Default Parameters
10541 =item In Memory Databases
10549 =item A Simple Example
10557 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10559 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10561 =item The get_dup() Method
10563 =item The find_dup() Method
10565 =item The del_dup() Method
10567 =item Matching Partial Keys
10575 =item The 'bval' Option
10577 =item A Simple Example
10579 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10581 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10582 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10583 length, elements);>
10585 =item Another Example
10589 =item THE API INTERFACE
10591 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10592 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10593 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10594 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10598 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10599 B<filter_fetch_value>
10605 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10607 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10611 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10615 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10617 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10619 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10621 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10623 =item The untie() Gotcha
10627 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10631 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10633 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
10635 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
10637 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
10657 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
10658 printing and C<eval>
10670 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
10671 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
10672 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
10679 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
10681 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10682 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10683 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10684 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10685 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10686 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10687 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10688 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10689 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10690 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10691 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10692 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10693 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10694 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10695 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
10715 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
10723 =item PROFILE FORMAT
10735 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
10757 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
10767 =item Runtime debugging
10769 =item Memory footprint debugging
10777 =item A simple scalar string
10779 =item A simple scalar number
10781 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
10783 =item A reference to a simple scalar
10785 =item A reference to an array
10787 =item A reference to a hash
10789 =item Dumping a large array or hash
10791 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
10793 =item A reference to a subroutine
10807 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
10817 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
10825 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
10829 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
10830 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
10831 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
10839 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
10849 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
10853 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
10854 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
10866 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
10878 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
10890 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
10891 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
10892 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
10897 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
10898 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
10904 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
10912 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
10913 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
10914 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
10915 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
10922 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
10935 =head2 Encode - character encodings
10943 =item Table of Contents
10955 =item PERL ENCODING API
10957 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
10958 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
10959 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
10964 =item Listing available encodings
10966 =item Defining Aliases
10970 =item Encoding via PerlIO
10972 =item Handling Malformed Data
10974 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
10975 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
10976 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
10977 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
10982 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
10986 =item Defining Encodings
10988 =item The UTF-8 flag
10990 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
10994 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
10996 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11006 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11014 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11019 =item Alias overloading
11027 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11041 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11043 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11059 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11061 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11063 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11077 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11087 =item Methods you should implement
11089 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11091 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11093 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11095 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11099 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11103 =item Compiled Encodings
11109 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11113 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11123 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11124 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11125 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11133 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
11143 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
11151 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11153 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
11155 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
11169 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
11171 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
11187 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
11193 =item How does it work?
11201 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11209 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
11217 =item Encoding Names
11221 =item Supported Encodings
11225 =item Built-in Encodings
11227 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11229 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11231 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11232 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11234 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11236 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11237 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN
11239 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11241 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols
11245 =item Unsupported encodings
11247 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11248 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11249 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11250 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11252 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11254 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11258 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11260 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11266 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11267 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11274 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11275 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11279 =item Other Notable Sites
11281 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11282 "Introduction to i18n"
11284 =item Offline sources
11286 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11292 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
11306 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
11322 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
11330 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
11332 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
11338 =item by endianness
11340 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
11344 =item Surrogate Pairs
11350 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
11359 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11364 =item Alias overloading
11372 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
11373 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11375 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
11378 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
11381 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
11382 Implementation Base Class
11392 =item Methods you should implement
11394 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11396 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11398 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11400 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11404 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11408 =item Compiled Encodings
11414 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11418 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
11429 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11430 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11431 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11439 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
11440 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11442 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
11445 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
11448 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
11449 and 'Q' header encoding
11465 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
11466 on Encode and PerlIO
11472 =item How does it work?
11480 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11488 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
11489 supported by Encode
11497 =item Encoding Names
11501 =item Supported Encodings
11505 =item Built-in Encodings
11507 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11509 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11511 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11512 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11514 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11516 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11517 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN
11519 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11521 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols
11525 =item Unsupported encodings
11527 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11528 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11529 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11530 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11532 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11534 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11538 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11540 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11546 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11547 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11554 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11555 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11559 =item Other Notable Sites
11561 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11562 "Introduction to i18n"
11564 =item Offline sources
11566 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11572 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11578 use Encode::Encoder;
11579 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11580 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11582 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11583 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11584 # you can stack them!
11585 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11586 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11587 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11589 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11591 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11599 =item Predefined Methods
11601 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11602 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11603 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11605 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11607 =item Operator Overloading
11615 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
11616 non-ascii or non-utf8
11626 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
11627 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
11635 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
11639 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
11641 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
11643 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
11645 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
11651 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11657 use Encode::Encoder;
11658 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11659 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11661 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11662 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11663 # you can stack them!
11664 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11665 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11666 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11668 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11670 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11678 =item Predefined Methods
11680 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11681 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11682 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11684 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11686 =item Operator Overloading
11694 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
11707 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
11722 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
11738 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
11748 =item How to Export
11750 =item Selecting What To Export
11752 =item How to Import
11754 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
11758 =item Advanced features
11762 =item Specialised Import Lists
11764 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
11766 =item Module Version Checking
11768 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
11770 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
11772 =item Generating combined tags
11774 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
11780 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
11790 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
11811 mv source... destination
11813 cp source... destination
11831 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
11843 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
11853 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
11861 perl_stringify NAME
11865 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
11867 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
11871 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
11879 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
11882 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
11884 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
11886 WriteMakefileSnippet
11888 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
11889 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
11897 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
11909 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
11910 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
11920 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
11930 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
11942 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
11943 packlist(), version()
11951 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
11959 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
11960 dynamic extensions at load time
11966 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
11976 =item VMS implementation
11978 =item Win32 implementation
11986 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
11996 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12004 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12008 =item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED>
12022 file_name_is_absolute
12032 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12046 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12047 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12059 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12060 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12068 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
12072 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12082 =item Overridden methods
12084 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12098 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12099 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12113 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12114 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12128 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12138 =item Overridden methods
12140 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12154 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12168 =item SelfLoaded methods
12220 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
12268 maybe_command_in_dirs
12292 post_initialize (o)
12306 replace_manpage_separator
12320 test_via_harness (override)
12322 test_via_script (override)
12352 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12353 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12363 =item Methods always loaded
12375 guess_name (override)
12379 find_perl (override)
12381 maybe_command (override)
12383 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
12385 perl_script (override)
12387 replace_manpage_separator
12389 init_main (override)
12391 init_others (override)
12393 constants (override)
12397 const_cccmd (override)
12399 pm_to_blib (override)
12401 tool_autosplit (override)
12403 tool_sxubpp (override)
12405 xsubpp_version (override)
12407 tools_other (override)
12417 top_targets (override)
12421 dynamic_lib (override)
12423 dynamic_bs (override)
12425 static_lib (override)
12427 manifypods (override)
12429 processPL (override)
12431 installbin (override)
12433 subdir_x (override)
12437 realclean (override)
12439 dist_core (override)
12441 dist_test (override)
12445 perldepend (override)
12447 makefile (override)
12449 find_tests (override)
12453 makeaperl (override)
12455 nicetext (override)
12457 prefixify (override)
12459 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12460 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12482 tool_autosplit (override)
12498 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
12508 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
12518 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
12520 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
12528 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
12532 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
12534 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
12536 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
12538 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
12540 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
12541 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
12542 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST,
12543 FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
12544 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
12545 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR,
12546 INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
12547 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
12548 INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A,
12549 LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
12550 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE,
12551 PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK,
12552 PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS,
12553 PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX,
12554 PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP,
12555 TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
12556 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
12558 =item Additional lowercase attributes
12560 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
12563 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
12565 =item Hintsfile support
12567 =item Distribution Support
12569 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
12570 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
12571 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
12573 =item Disabling an extension
12579 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
12587 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
12595 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
12599 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
12603 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
12604 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
12608 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
12616 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
12628 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
12638 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
12647 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
12655 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
12667 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
12675 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
12685 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
12697 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
12707 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
12711 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
12719 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
12723 C<basename>, C<dirname>
12727 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
12741 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
12755 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
12765 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
12767 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
12779 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
12789 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
12801 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
12809 B<find>, B<finddepth>
12815 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
12816 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
12817 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
12819 =item The wanted function
12821 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
12822 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
12823 pathname to the file
12831 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
12839 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
12847 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
12848 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
12849 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
12853 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
12861 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
12873 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
12883 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
12884 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
12885 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
12893 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
12903 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
12921 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
12939 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
12967 file_name_is_absolute
12997 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
13007 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
13040 file_name_is_absolute
13062 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
13078 =item Methods always loaded
13080 canonpath (override)
13098 case_tolerant (override)
13102 file_name_is_absolute (override)
13104 splitpath (override)
13106 splitdir (override)
13120 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
13150 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
13174 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
13188 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
13198 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
13206 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
13214 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
13216 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
13228 =item Temporary files and NFS
13240 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
13254 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
13262 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
13270 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
13278 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
13284 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
13298 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
13300 =item All-in-one interface
13302 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
13304 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
13307 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
13309 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
13310 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
13311 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
13313 described in the previous section.
13315 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
13317 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
13329 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
13339 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
13343 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
13345 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
13353 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
13355 =item Example 2: Using the context
13357 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
13359 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
13363 =item Filter::Simple
13371 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
13379 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
13391 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
13407 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
13415 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
13417 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
13421 =item Simple options
13423 =item A little bit less simple options
13425 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
13427 =item Options with values
13429 =item Options with multiple values
13431 =item Options with hash values
13433 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
13435 =item Options with multiple names
13437 =item Case and abbreviations
13439 =item Summary of Option Specifications
13441 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
13446 =item Advanced Possibilities
13450 =item Object oriented interface
13452 =item Documentation and help texts
13454 =item Storing options in a hash
13458 =item The lonesome dash
13460 =item Argument callback
13464 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
13466 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
13467 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
13468 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
13469 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
13470 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
13472 =item Return values and Errors
13478 =item Default destinations
13480 =item Alternative option starters
13482 =item Configuration variables
13486 =item Trouble Shooting
13490 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
13492 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
13495 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
13497 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
13503 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13507 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
13518 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
13528 =item Restricted hashes
13530 lock_keys, unlock_keys
13536 lock_value, unlock_value
13538 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
13548 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
13559 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
13570 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
13572 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
13574 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
13576 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
13578 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
13580 the function super_languages($lang1)
13582 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
13584 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
13586 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
13588 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
13592 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
13594 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
13604 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
13612 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
13614 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
13616 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
13617 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
13618 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
13619 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
13620 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
13621 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
13622 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
13623 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
13624 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
13625 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
13626 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
13627 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
13628 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
13629 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
13630 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
13631 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
13632 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
13633 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
13634 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
13635 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
13636 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
13637 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
13638 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
13639 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
13640 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
13641 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
13642 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
13643 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
13644 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
13645 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
13646 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
13647 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
13648 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
13649 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
13650 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
13651 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
13652 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
13653 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
13654 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
13655 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
13656 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
13657 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
13658 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
13659 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
13660 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
13661 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
13662 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
13663 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
13664 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
13665 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
13666 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
13667 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
13668 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
13669 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
13670 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
13671 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
13672 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
13673 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
13674 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
13675 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
13676 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
13677 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
13678 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
13679 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
13680 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
13681 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
13682 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
13683 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
13684 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
13685 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
13686 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
13687 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
13688 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
13689 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
13690 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
13691 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
13692 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
13693 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
13694 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
13695 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
13696 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
13697 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
13698 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
13699 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
13700 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
13701 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
13702 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
13703 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
13704 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
13705 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
13706 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
13707 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
13708 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
13709 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
13710 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
13711 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
13712 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
13713 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
13714 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
13715 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
13716 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
13717 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
13718 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
13719 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
13720 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
13721 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
13722 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
13723 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
13724 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
13725 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
13726 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
13727 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
13728 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
13729 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
13730 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
13731 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
13732 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
13733 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
13734 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
13738 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13744 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
13762 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13766 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
13776 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
13784 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
13785 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
13795 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
13805 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
13809 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
13817 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
13827 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
13831 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
13832 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
13833 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
13834 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
13846 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
13856 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
13860 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
13870 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
13880 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
13881 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
13891 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
13899 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
13900 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
13909 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
13919 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
13923 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
13924 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
13925 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
13935 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
13949 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
13950 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
13960 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
13976 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
13989 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
14003 hostpath(), peerpath()
14013 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
14022 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14023 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14033 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14043 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14047 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14055 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
14066 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14070 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14071 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14072 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14073 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14085 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14095 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14099 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14109 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14119 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14120 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14130 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
14139 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14140 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14149 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
14160 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14164 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14165 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14166 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14176 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
14191 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14192 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14202 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
14203 AF_INET domain sockets
14219 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14232 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
14233 AF_UNIX domain sockets
14247 hostpath(), peerpath()
14257 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14267 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14268 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14279 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
14293 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
14306 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
14316 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14317 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14318 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14329 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
14347 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14357 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14358 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14369 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
14380 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14381 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14382 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14393 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
14401 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14402 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14406 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14412 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
14413 general-utility list subroutines
14421 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14422 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14426 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14432 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
14433 general-utility scalar subroutines
14441 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
14442 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14452 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
14460 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14464 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
14472 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
14480 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14482 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14484 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14485 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14487 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14489 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
14491 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
14497 =item rename_country
14505 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14509 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
14510 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
14511 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
14512 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
14520 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
14521 identification (ISO 4217)
14531 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14533 code2currency(), currency2code()
14535 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14537 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
14541 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14545 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
14546 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
14554 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
14563 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14565 code2language(), language2code()
14567 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14569 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
14573 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14577 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
14578 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
14586 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
14594 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14600 =item Construction Methods
14602 =item The "maketext" Method
14604 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
14606 =item Utility Methods
14608 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
14609 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
14610 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
14611 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
14613 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
14617 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
14619 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
14621 =item BRACKET NOTATION
14623 =item AUTO LEXICONS
14625 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
14627 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
14631 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14637 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
14645 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
14649 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
14651 =item The Linguistic View
14653 =item Breaking gettext
14655 =item Replacing gettext
14657 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
14659 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
14661 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
14663 =item Buzzword: Concision
14665 =item The Devil in the Details
14667 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
14675 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
14683 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14687 =item SPECIAL CODES
14691 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14693 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14694 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14696 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14698 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
14702 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14706 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
14707 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
14715 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
14723 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
14727 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
14735 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
14736 of quoted-printable strings
14744 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
14750 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
14759 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
14765 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
14775 =item Canonical notation
14779 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
14781 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
14785 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
14786 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
14794 =item Autocreating constants
14800 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
14808 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
14816 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
14824 Canonical notation, Input, Output
14846 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
14848 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
14850 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
14851 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
14853 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
14935 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
14945 =item Rounding mode R
14947 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
14948 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
14949 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
14962 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
14970 =item Autocreating constants
14976 =item Alternative math libraries
14982 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
14990 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
14996 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
15000 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
15001 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
15002 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
15012 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
15022 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
15026 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
15028 the same terms as Perl itself.
15036 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
15060 $d = $x->denominator();
15076 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
15089 =item STRINGIFICATION
15093 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
15099 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
15101 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
15109 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
15117 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
15123 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
15125 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
15129 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15131 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
15135 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
15137 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15139 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
15140 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
15144 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
15150 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
15160 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
15178 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
15180 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
15184 =item OTHER FACILITIES
15190 =item C<flush_cache>
15196 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
15198 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
15206 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15212 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
15221 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
15232 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
15244 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15252 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15260 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
15269 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
15278 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
15286 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
15294 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15300 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15304 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15308 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
15318 =item Enforcing redispatch
15320 =item Avoiding repetitions
15326 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15332 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
15342 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
15345 =item CLASS METHODS
15347 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
15348 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
15349 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
15359 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
15369 requires_firewall HOST
15371 =item NetConfig VALUES
15373 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
15374 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
15375 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
15379 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
15388 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
15396 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
15408 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
15412 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
15413 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
15414 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
15415 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
15416 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
15417 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
15418 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
15419 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
15420 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
15421 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
15422 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
15423 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
15424 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
15428 =item Methods for the adventurous
15434 =item THE dataconn CLASS
15436 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
15437 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
15439 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
15441 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
15443 =item REPORTING BUGS
15451 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
15459 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
15469 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
15473 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
15474 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
15475 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
15476 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
15477 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
15478 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
15479 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
15483 =item Extension methods
15485 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
15486 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
15487 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
15488 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
15497 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
15507 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
15519 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
15523 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
15524 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
15525 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
15526 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
15538 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
15550 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 }
15551 );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);,
15552 $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
15566 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
15578 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
15582 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
15583 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
15584 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
15585 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
15586 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
15587 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
15598 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
15606 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
15607 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
15615 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
15632 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
15640 =item Where to get this document
15642 =item How to contribute to this document
15646 =item Author and Copyright Information
15654 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
15658 =item What is libnet ?
15660 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
15662 =item What other modules do I need ?
15664 =item What machines support libnet ?
15666 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
15670 =item Using Net::FTP
15674 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
15676 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
15678 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
15680 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
15683 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
15685 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
15687 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
15689 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
15691 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
15693 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
15696 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
15698 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
15701 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
15704 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
15708 =item Using Net::SMTP
15712 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
15715 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
15717 =item The verify method always returns true ?
15721 =item Debugging scripts
15725 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
15729 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
15733 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
15750 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
15765 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
15782 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
15790 =item THE .netrc FILE
15792 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
15797 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
15801 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
15811 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
15821 =item IMPLEMENTATION
15829 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
15837 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15843 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15847 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15851 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
15863 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
15865 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
15866 or optag, an operator set (opset)
15868 =item Opcode Functions
15870 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
15871 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
15872 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
15875 =item Manipulating Opsets
15877 =item TO DO (maybe)
15883 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
15885 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
15886 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
15887 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
15896 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
15905 a new namespace, an operator mask
15911 =item RECENT CHANGES
15913 =item Methods in class Safe
15915 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
15916 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
15917 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
15918 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
15920 =item Some Safety Issues
15922 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
15930 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
15943 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
15957 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
15958 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
15959 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
15960 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
15961 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
15962 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
15963 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
15964 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
15965 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
15966 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
15967 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
15968 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
15969 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
15970 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
15971 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
15972 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
15973 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
15974 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
15975 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
15976 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
15977 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
15978 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
15979 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
15980 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
15981 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
15988 =item POSIX::SigAction
15992 =item POSIX::SigSet
15994 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
15996 =item POSIX::Termios
15998 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
15999 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
16000 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
16001 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
16002 values, c_oflag field values
16006 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
16010 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
16014 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
16068 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
16069 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
16073 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
16082 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw
16086 =item Defaults and how to override them
16096 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
16106 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
16114 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
16115 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
16116 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
16117 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
16118 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
16119 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
16120 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
16124 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
16130 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
16142 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
16148 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
16154 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
16166 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
16167 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
16168 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
16169 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
16170 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
16171 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
16172 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
16173 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
16178 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
16179 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
16180 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
16181 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
16182 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
16183 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
16187 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
16188 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
16200 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
16202 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
16205 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
16207 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
16209 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
16211 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
16213 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
16221 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
16233 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
16235 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
16242 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
16248 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
16250 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
16257 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
16269 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
16279 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
16280 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
16295 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
16308 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
16309 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
16315 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
16339 =item B<was_cutting()>
16345 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
16351 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
16357 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16363 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
16369 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16375 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
16381 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
16387 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16393 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16399 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
16405 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
16411 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16417 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16423 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
16429 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
16435 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16441 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
16447 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
16453 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16459 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16465 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
16471 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
16477 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
16483 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
16489 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
16495 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16501 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
16507 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16513 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
16525 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
16537 =item OBJECT METHODS
16545 =item Data Accessors
16561 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
16563 B<StartWithNewPage>
16577 =item Subclassed methods
16591 B<interior_sequence>
16607 =item Methods for headings
16615 =item Internal methods
16621 B<_replace_special_chars>
16623 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
16629 B<_clean_latex_commands>
16631 B<_split_delimited>
16647 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
16655 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
16660 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
16661 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
16662 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
16673 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16677 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
16687 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16691 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
16705 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
16713 $list-E<gt>indent()
16721 $list-E<gt>parent()
16727 =item Pod::Hyperlink
16729 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
16733 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
16735 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
16739 $link-E<gt>warning()
16741 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
16747 $link-E<gt>alttext()
16757 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
16763 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
16767 =item Pod::Cache::Item
16769 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
16773 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
16775 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
16777 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
16779 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
16781 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
16783 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
16785 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
16795 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
16807 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
16809 =item PARSING OPTIONS
16811 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
16812 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
16818 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
16826 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
16832 =item B<verbatim()>
16834 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
16840 =item B<textblock()>
16842 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
16848 =item B<interior_sequence()>
16854 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
16866 =item B<initialize()>
16872 =item B<begin_pod()>
16878 =item B<begin_input()>
16884 =item B<end_input()>
16896 =item B<preprocess_line()>
16902 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
16908 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
16914 =item B<parse_text()>
16916 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
16917 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
16918 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
16924 =item B<interpolate()>
16930 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
16936 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
16942 =item B<parse_from_file()>
16948 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
16954 =item B<errorsub()>
16966 =item B<parseopts()>
16972 =item B<output_file()>
16978 =item B<output_handle()>
16984 =item B<input_file()>
16990 =item B<input_handle()>
16996 =item B<input_streams()>
17002 =item B<top_stream()>
17008 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17014 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
17020 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
17026 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
17034 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
17054 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
17067 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
17069 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
17075 =item OBJECT METHODS
17081 =item B<curr_headings()>
17093 =item B<add_selection()>
17099 =item B<clear_selections()>
17105 =item B<match_section()>
17111 =item B<is_selected()>
17117 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
17123 =item B<podselect()>
17125 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
17131 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17137 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
17143 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
17149 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
17161 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
17169 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
17173 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
17174 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
17175 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
17186 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17190 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
17204 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17208 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
17223 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17227 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
17228 text with format escapes
17242 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17246 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
17255 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
17264 =item Recommended Use
17272 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17276 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
17283 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17287 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
17291 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17295 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
17301 =item OVER AND ITEMS
17303 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
17306 =item FORMATTING CODES
17308 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
17316 =head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
17324 =head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
17332 =item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF
17338 foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2
17345 =item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
17347 =item TESTING URLs hyperlinking
17353 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
17361 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17367 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17371 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17375 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
17383 a new namespace, an operator mask
17389 =item RECENT CHANGES
17391 =item Methods in class Safe
17393 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17394 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17395 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17396 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17398 =item Some Safety Issues
17400 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17408 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
17416 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
17417 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
17427 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
17437 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
17447 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
17457 =item The __DATA__ token
17459 =item SelfLoader autoloading
17461 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
17463 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
17465 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
17467 =item Classes and inherited methods.
17471 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
17475 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
17485 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
17493 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
17494 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
17502 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
17503 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
17504 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
17505 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
17506 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
17510 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
17520 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
17524 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
17526 =item ERROR REPORTING
17534 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
17539 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
17540 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
17548 =item Storable magic
17566 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
17580 =item Allowing fall-through
17582 =item Automating fall-through
17584 =item Alternative syntax
17586 =item Higher-order Operations
17602 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
17612 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
17624 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
17625 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
17633 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
17634 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
17635 in 5.004_02), closelog
17645 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
17646 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
17654 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
17655 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
17656 in 5.004_02), closelog
17666 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
17676 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
17677 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
17678 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
17682 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
17696 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
17712 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
17714 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
17716 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
17718 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
17726 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17734 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
17742 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
17752 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
17753 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
17761 =item Minimal set of supported functions
17763 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
17764 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
17766 =item Additional supported functions
17768 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
17778 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
17804 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
17808 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
17818 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
17838 =item Setting up tests
17854 =item Running tests
17860 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
17862 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
17888 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
17900 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
17904 =item Test Status and Info
17912 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
17934 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
17944 =item The test script output
17946 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
17947 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
17952 =item Configuration variables.
17954 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
17958 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
17985 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
17986 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
17987 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
17988 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
17992 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
17993 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
17994 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
18008 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
18034 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
18044 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
18082 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
18098 B<_reset_file_state>
18118 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
18128 =item I love it when a plan comes together
18138 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
18178 =item Conditional tests
18184 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
18188 =item Comparison functions
18202 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
18212 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18214 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
18227 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
18251 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
18260 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
18268 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
18270 =item Where to start?
18274 =item Test the manual
18276 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
18278 =item Testing lots of values
18280 =item Informative names
18282 =item Skipping tests
18286 =item Testing with taint mode.
18298 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
18310 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
18320 =item General behaviour in list contexts
18324 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
18326 =item A note about prefixes
18328 =item C<extract_delimited>
18330 =item C<extract_bracketed>
18332 =item C<extract_tagged>
18334 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
18335 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
18337 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
18339 =item C<extract_quotelike>
18341 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
18343 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
18345 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
18347 =item C<extract_codeblock>
18349 =item C<extract_multiple>
18351 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
18357 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
18358 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
18359 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
18360 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
18361 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
18362 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
18363 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
18364 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
18365 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
18366 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
18367 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
18368 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
18373 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
18379 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
18394 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
18411 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
18426 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
18442 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl
18454 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
18455 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
18456 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
18460 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
18468 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
18476 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18478 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
18484 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
18492 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18494 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
18498 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
18510 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
18520 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
18528 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
18529 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
18530 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
18531 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
18539 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
18559 =item Option Format
18563 =item Public Methods
18571 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
18575 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
18577 =item Deferred Writing
18581 =item Autodeferring
18589 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
18603 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
18612 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
18613 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
18614 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
18615 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
18617 =item MORE INFORMATION
18619 =item COMPATIBILITY
18623 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
18632 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
18633 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
18635 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
18637 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
18639 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
18641 =item MORE INFORMATION
18645 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
18653 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
18663 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
18681 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
18690 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
18692 =item MORE INFORMATION
18696 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
18708 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
18717 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
18718 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
18719 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
18720 getitimer ( $which )
18736 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
18744 =item IMPLEMENTATION
18750 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
18765 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
18780 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
18792 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
18800 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
18801 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
18805 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
18815 =item Constructor and Tailoring
18817 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
18818 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
18819 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
18821 =item Other methods
18823 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
18824 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
18825 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
18826 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
18827 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
18828 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
18829 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
18830 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
18844 Unicode Collation Algorithm - Unicode TR #10, L<Unicode::Normalize>
18848 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
18858 =item Normalization Forms
18860 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
18861 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
18862 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
18864 =item Decomposition and Composition
18866 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
18867 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
18868 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
18872 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
18873 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
18874 check($form_name, $string)>
18876 =item Character Data
18878 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
18879 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
18880 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
18881 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
18882 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
18883 C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
18884 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
18894 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
18895 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
18899 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
18941 =item Blocks versus Scripts
18943 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
18945 =item Code Point Arguments
18971 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
18977 =item Implementation Note
18989 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
19004 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
19015 =item System Specifics
19029 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
19037 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
19039 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
19040 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
19041 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
19042 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
19043 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
19044 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
19045 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
19046 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
19047 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
19048 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
19049 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
19050 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
19051 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
19052 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
19053 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
19054 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
19055 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
19061 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
19079 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
19091 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
19093 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
19094 don't all have manual pages yet:
19120 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles