2 # !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
3 # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
4 # Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
8 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
12 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
13 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
14 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
16 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
18 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
30 =item Reference Manual
32 =item Internals and C Language Interface
36 =item Language-Specific
38 =item Platform-Specific
62 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
72 =item Running Perl programs
74 =item Basic syntax overview
76 =item Perl variable types
78 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
80 =item Variable scoping
82 =item Conditional and looping constructs
84 if, while, for, foreach
86 =item Builtin operators and functions
88 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
93 =item Regular expressions
95 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
96 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
98 =item Writing subroutines
102 =item Using Perl modules
110 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
116 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
124 =item Making References
126 =item Using References
144 =item Distribution Conditions
150 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
156 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
157 more elaborate constructs
161 =item COMMON MISTAKES
163 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
165 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
171 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
175 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
177 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
179 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
183 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
187 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
189 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
191 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
195 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
199 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
201 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
203 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
207 =item HASHES OF HASHES
211 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
213 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
215 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
219 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
223 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
225 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
227 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
239 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
247 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
249 =item Growing Your Own
251 =item Access and Printing
263 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
273 =item Simple word matching
275 =item Using character classes
277 =item Matching this or that
279 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
281 =item Extracting matches
283 =item Matching repetitions
287 =item Search and replace
289 =item The split operator
297 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
301 =item Acknowledgments
307 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
313 =item Part 1: The basics
317 =item Simple word matching
319 =item Using character classes
321 =item Matching this or that
323 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
325 =item Extracting matches
327 =item Matching repetitions
329 =item Building a regexp
331 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
335 =item Part 2: Power tools
339 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
341 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
343 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
345 =item Non-capturing groupings
347 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
349 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
351 =item Conditional expressions
353 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
355 =item Pragmas and debugging
363 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
367 =item Acknowledgments
373 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
381 =item If we could talk to the animals...
383 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
385 =item Invoking a barnyard
387 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
389 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
391 =item Inheriting the windpipes
393 =item A few notes about @ISA
395 =item Overriding the methods
397 =item Starting the search from a different place
399 =item The SUPER way of doing things
401 =item Where we're at so far...
403 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
405 =item Invoking an instance method
407 =item Accessing the instance data
409 =item How to build a horse
411 =item Inheriting the constructor
413 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
415 =item Adding parameters to a method
417 =item More interesting instances
419 =item A horse of a different color
431 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
437 =item Creating a Class
441 =item Object Representation
443 =item Class Interface
445 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
447 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
451 =item Other Object Methods
459 =item Accessing Class Data
461 =item Debugging Methods
463 =item Class Destructors
465 =item Documenting the Interface
475 =item Overridden Methods
477 =item Multiple Inheritance
479 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
483 =item Alternate Object Representations
487 =item Arrays as Objects
489 =item Closures as Objects
493 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
497 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
499 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
503 =item Metaclassical Tools
509 =item Data Members as Variables
517 =item Object Terminology
523 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
529 =item Acknowledgments
535 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
541 =item Class Data in a Can
543 =item Class Data as Package Variables
547 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
549 =item Inheritance Concerns
551 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
553 =item Indirect References to Class Data
555 =item Monadic Classes
557 =item Translucent Attributes
561 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
565 =item Privacy and Responsibility
567 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
569 =item More Inheritance Concerns
571 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
573 =item Translucency Revisited
581 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
583 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
589 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
595 =item OO SCALING TIPS
597 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
599 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
601 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
603 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
605 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
607 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
609 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
611 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
613 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
621 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
629 =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
641 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
649 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
667 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
669 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
670 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
671 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
672 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
674 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
676 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
677 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
678 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
682 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
684 =item Numerical Traps
686 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
688 =item General data type traps
690 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
691 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
693 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
695 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
697 =item Precedence Traps
699 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
702 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
704 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
705 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
706 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
708 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
710 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
716 =item Interpolation Traps
718 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
719 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
725 =item Unclassified Traps
727 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
734 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
742 =item Looking at data and -w and v
746 =item Stepping through code
748 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
750 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
768 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31
777 =item Where to get the perlfaq
779 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
781 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
788 =item Author and Copyright Information
792 =item Bundled Distributions
798 =item Table of Contents
800 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
801 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
802 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
803 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
804 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
810 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
812 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
814 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
816 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
818 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
820 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
822 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
824 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
826 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
832 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date:
833 2003/11/23 08:02:29 $)
843 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
845 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
847 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
853 =item How stable is Perl?
855 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
857 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
860 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
862 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
864 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
866 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
868 =item What is a JAPH?
870 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
872 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
873 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
877 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
881 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.25 $,
882 $Date: 2003/10/16 04:57:38 $)
890 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
892 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
894 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
896 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
899 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
900 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
902 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
903 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
905 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
907 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
909 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
911 =item Where should I post source code?
915 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
917 =item Perl in Magazines
919 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
921 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
923 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
925 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
927 =item Where do I send bug reports?
929 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
933 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
937 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.37 $, $Date: 2003/11/24
946 =item How do I do (anything)?
948 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
950 =item Is there a Perl shell?
952 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
954 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
956 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
958 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
960 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
962 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
964 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
966 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
967 GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
968 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
970 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
972 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
974 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
976 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
978 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
980 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
982 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
984 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
985 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
987 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
989 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
991 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
993 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
995 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
997 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
999 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
1001 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
1003 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
1005 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
1007 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
1009 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
1011 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
1012 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
1014 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
1016 =item What's MakeMaker?
1020 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1024 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.54 $, $Date: 2003/11/30
1035 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
1036 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
1038 =item Why is int() broken?
1040 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
1042 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
1045 =item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
1047 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
1048 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
1049 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
1050 from decimal to binary
1052 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
1054 =item How do I multiply matrices?
1056 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
1058 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
1060 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
1062 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
1070 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
1072 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
1074 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
1076 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
1078 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
1080 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
1082 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
1090 =item How do I validate input?
1092 =item How do I unescape a string?
1094 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
1096 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
1098 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
1100 =item How do I reverse a string?
1102 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
1104 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
1106 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
1108 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1110 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
1113 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
1115 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
1118 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
1120 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
1122 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
1124 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
1126 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
1128 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
1130 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
1132 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
1133 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
1142 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
1144 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
1146 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
1150 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
1153 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
1154 intersection of two arrays?
1156 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
1158 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
1160 =item How do I handle linked lists?
1162 =item How do I handle circular lists?
1164 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
1166 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
1168 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
1170 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
1172 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
1174 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
1176 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
1180 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
1184 =item How do I process an entire hash?
1186 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
1189 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
1191 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
1193 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
1195 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
1197 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
1199 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
1201 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
1203 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
1205 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
1207 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
1209 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
1212 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
1213 array of hashes or arrays?
1215 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
1223 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
1225 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
1227 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
1229 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
1231 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
1233 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
1235 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
1239 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1243 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.30 $, $Date: 2003/11/23
1252 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
1254 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
1255 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
1257 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
1259 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
1261 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
1263 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
1265 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
1266 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
1268 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
1270 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
1272 =item How can I write() into a string?
1274 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
1276 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
1278 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
1280 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
1283 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
1285 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
1287 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
1289 =item How can I lock a file?
1291 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
1293 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
1294 the file. How can I do this?
1296 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
1297 file. Do I still have to use locking?
1299 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
1301 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
1303 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
1305 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
1307 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
1309 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
1311 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
1313 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
1315 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
1317 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
1319 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
1321 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
1322 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
1324 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
1326 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
1327 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
1329 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
1331 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
1335 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1339 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03
1348 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
1349 and unmaintainable code?
1351 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
1353 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
1355 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
1358 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
1360 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
1363 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
1365 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
1367 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
1369 =item What is C</o> really for?
1371 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
1374 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
1376 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
1378 =item How do I process each word on each line?
1380 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
1382 =item How can I do approximate matching?
1384 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
1386 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
1388 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
1390 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
1392 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
1394 =item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
1396 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
1398 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
1402 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1406 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date:
1407 2003/07/24 02:17:21 $)
1415 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
1417 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
1420 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
1423 =item How do I skip some return values?
1425 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
1427 =item What's an extension?
1429 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
1431 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
1433 =item How do I create a module?
1435 =item How do I create a class?
1437 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
1439 =item What's a closure?
1441 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
1443 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
1446 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
1449 =item How do I create a static variable?
1451 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
1452 Between local() and my()?
1454 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
1457 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
1459 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
1461 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
1463 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
1465 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
1467 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
1470 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1472 =item How can I find out my current package?
1474 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
1476 =item How do I clear a package?
1478 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
1480 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
1484 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1488 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
1497 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
1499 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
1501 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
1503 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
1505 =item How do I print something out in color?
1507 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
1509 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
1511 =item How do I clear the screen?
1513 =item How do I get the screen size?
1515 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
1517 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
1519 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
1521 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
1523 =item How do I start a process in the background?
1525 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
1527 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
1529 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
1531 =item How do I set the time and date?
1533 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
1535 =item How can I measure time under a second?
1537 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
1539 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
1540 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
1542 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
1544 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
1546 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1548 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1550 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1552 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1554 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1556 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1558 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1560 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1563 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1565 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1567 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1569 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1572 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
1573 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
1574 changes to be visible?
1578 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1581 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1583 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1585 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1587 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1589 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1591 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1593 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1595 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1597 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1599 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1601 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1603 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1606 =item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
1608 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1612 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1616 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57
1625 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
1627 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1630 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1632 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1634 =item How do I extract URLs?
1636 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1637 file on another machine?
1639 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
1641 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1643 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1645 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1647 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1649 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1651 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1653 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1654 CGI script to do bad things?
1656 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1658 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1660 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1662 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1664 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1666 =item How do I send mail?
1668 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
1670 =item How do I read mail?
1672 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
1674 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1676 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1678 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1682 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1686 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1698 =item Simple Statements
1700 =item Truth and Falsehood
1702 =item Statement Modifiers
1704 =item Compound Statements
1712 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1716 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1718 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1724 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1732 =item Variable names
1738 =item Scalar value constructors
1740 =item List value constructors
1746 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1754 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1762 =item Operator Precedence and Associativity
1764 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1766 =item The Arrow Operator
1768 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1770 =item Exponentiation
1772 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1774 =item Binding Operators
1776 =item Multiplicative Operators
1778 =item Additive Operators
1780 =item Shift Operators
1782 =item Named Unary Operators
1784 =item Relational Operators
1786 =item Equality Operators
1790 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1792 =item C-style Logical And
1794 =item C-style Logical Or
1796 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
1798 =item Range Operators
1800 =item Conditional Operator
1802 =item Assignment Operators
1804 =item Comma Operator
1806 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1812 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
1814 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1816 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1818 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1820 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1822 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1823 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1824 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1825 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
1827 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
1829 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
1830 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
1831 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
1832 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
1837 =item Constant Folding
1839 =item Bitwise String Operators
1841 =item Integer Arithmetic
1843 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1845 =item Bigger Numbers
1851 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1861 =item Private Variables via my()
1863 =item Persistent Private Variables
1865 =item Temporary Values via local()
1867 =item Lvalue subroutines
1869 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
1871 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1873 =item When to Still Use local()
1875 =item Pass by Reference
1879 =item Constant Functions
1881 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
1885 =item Subroutine Attributes
1893 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1901 =item Perl Functions by Category
1903 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1904 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1905 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1906 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1907 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1908 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1909 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1910 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1911 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1912 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1917 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1919 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1920 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1921 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
1922 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
1923 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
1924 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
1925 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
1926 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
1927 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
1928 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
1929 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
1930 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
1931 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
1932 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
1933 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
1934 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
1935 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
1936 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
1937 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
1938 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
1939 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
1940 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
1941 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
1942 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1943 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
1944 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
1945 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
1946 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1947 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
1948 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
1949 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
1950 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
1951 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
1952 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
1953 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
1954 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
1955 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
1956 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
1957 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
1958 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
1959 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
1960 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
1961 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
1962 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
1963 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
1964 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
1965 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
1966 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
1967 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1968 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1969 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1970 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1971 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1972 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1973 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1974 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1975 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
1976 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
1977 parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
1978 width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
1979 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
1980 (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
1981 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
1982 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen
1983 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1984 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1985 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
1986 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
1987 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1988 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1989 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1990 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1991 TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
1992 Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
1993 VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1994 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
2000 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
2006 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
2012 =item Indirect Filehandles
2016 =item The Minus File
2018 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
2024 =item Open E<agrave> la C
2028 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
2032 =item Obscure Open Tricks
2036 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
2038 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
2040 =item Paths as Opens
2042 =item Single Argument Open
2044 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
2048 =item Other I/O Issues
2052 =item Opening Non-File Files
2054 =item Opening Named Pipes
2056 =item Opening Sockets
2068 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
2074 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
2080 =item The Basic Principle
2084 =item Packing Numbers
2090 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
2092 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
2094 =item Floating point Numbers
2098 =item Exotic Templates
2110 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
2114 =item Template Grouping
2116 =item Lengths and Widths
2120 =item String Lengths
2122 =item Dynamic Templates
2124 =item Counting Repetitions
2128 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
2132 =item The Alignment Pit
2134 =item Alignment, Take 2
2136 =item Alignment, Take 3
2138 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
2144 =item Funnies Section
2150 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
2158 =item Ordinary Paragraph
2160 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2162 =item Command Paragraph
2164 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
2165 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
2166 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
2167 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding
2170 =item Formatting Codes
2172 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2173 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2174 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
2175 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
2176 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
2177 (zero-effect) formatting code
2181 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2183 =item Hints for Writing Pod
2193 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
2200 =item Pod Definitions
2204 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
2205 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
2206 "=encoding encodingname"
2208 =item Pod Formatting Codes
2210 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2211 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
2212 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2213 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2214 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
2215 contains non-breaking spaces
2217 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
2219 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
2221 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
2223 =item About =over...=back Regions
2225 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
2233 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
2243 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
2245 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
2247 =item Location of Perl
2249 =item Command Switches
2251 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>], B<-A [I<assertions>]>, B<-a>, B<-C
2252 [I<number/list>]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>,
2253 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
2254 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
2255 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
2256 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
2257 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
2258 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
2264 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
2265 :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
2266 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
2267 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_DL_NONLAZY, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED,
2268 PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS,
2269 PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
2273 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2281 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
2289 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
2291 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
2293 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
2297 =item Backward Compatibility
2299 =item Category Hierarchy
2301 =item Fatal Warnings
2303 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
2315 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2321 =item The Perl Debugger
2325 =item Debugger Commands
2327 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
2328 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
2329 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
2330 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
2331 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
2332 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
2333 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
2334 command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
2335 command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
2336 file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
2339 =item Configurable Options
2341 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
2342 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
2343 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
2344 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
2345 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
2346 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
2349 =item Debugger input/output
2351 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
2354 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2356 =item Debugger Customization
2358 =item Readline Support
2360 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2362 =item The Perl Profiler
2366 =item Debugging regular expressions
2368 =item Debugging memory usage
2376 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
2384 =item Predefined Names
2386 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
2387 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
2388 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
2389 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
2390 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
2391 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
2392 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
2393 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#,
2394 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
2395 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
2396 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
2397 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
2398 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
2399 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
2400 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
2401 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
2402 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
2403 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
2404 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
2405 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
2406 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
2407 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
2408 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
2409 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
2410 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
2411 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
2412 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
2413 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
2414 $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
2415 ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
2418 =item Error Indicators
2420 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
2428 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
2438 =item Regular Expressions
2440 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
2442 =item Extended Patterns
2444 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
2445 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
2446 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
2447 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
2451 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
2453 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
2455 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
2457 =item Combining pieces together
2459 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
2460 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
2461 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
2462 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
2464 =item Creating custom RE engines
2474 =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
2486 =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
2488 =item CHARACTER CLASSES
2494 =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
2512 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
2522 =item Making References
2524 =item Using References
2526 =item Symbolic references
2528 =item Not-so-symbolic references
2530 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
2532 =item Function Templates
2542 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
2552 =item Numeric Fields
2554 =item The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text
2556 =item The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text
2558 =item Specifying Values
2560 =item Using Fill Mode
2562 =item Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void
2564 =item Repeating Format Lines
2566 =item Top of Form Processing
2568 =item Format Variables
2578 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
2586 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
2594 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
2596 =item A Class is Simply a Package
2598 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
2600 =item Method Invocation
2602 =item Indirect Object Syntax
2604 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
2606 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
2612 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
2620 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
2632 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
2637 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
2638 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
2639 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
2640 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
2645 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
2646 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
2647 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, SCALAR this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
2649 =item Tying FileHandles
2651 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
2652 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
2657 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
2669 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
2677 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
2678 B<filter_fetch_value>
2684 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
2686 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
2696 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
2697 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
2707 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
2715 =item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
2717 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
2718 "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
2722 =item Using open() for IPC
2728 =item Background Processes
2730 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
2732 =item Safe Pipe Opens
2734 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
2736 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
2740 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
2744 =item Internet Line Terminators
2746 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
2748 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
2752 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
2756 =item A Simple Client
2758 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
2760 =item A Webget Client
2762 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
2766 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
2768 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
2770 =item UDP: Message Passing
2784 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
2794 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
2796 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
2797 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
2798 files, directories and network sockets
2800 =item Resource limits
2802 =item Killing the parent process
2804 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
2806 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
2808 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
2809 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
2810 application, Thread-safety of extensions
2822 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
2830 =item Storing numbers
2832 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
2834 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
2836 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
2837 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
2838 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
2847 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
2855 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2857 =item Threaded Program Models
2869 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
2871 =item Thread-Safe Modules
2877 =item Basic Thread Support
2879 =item A Note about the Examples
2881 =item Creating Threads
2883 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2885 =item Ignoring A Thread
2889 =item Threads And Data
2893 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2895 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
2899 =item Synchronization and control
2903 =item Controlling access: lock()
2905 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2907 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2909 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2911 =item Basic semaphores
2913 =item Advanced Semaphores
2915 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
2917 =item Giving up control
2921 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2925 =item What Thread Am I In?
2929 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2931 =item What Threads Are Running?
2935 =item A Complete Example
2937 =item Different implementations of threads
2939 =item Performance considerations
2941 =item Process-scope Changes
2943 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
2951 =item Introductory Texts
2953 =item OS-Related References
2955 =item Other References
2959 =item Acknowledgements
2967 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
2973 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2975 =item Threaded Program Models
2987 =item Native threads
2989 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2991 =item Threadsafe Modules
2997 =item Basic Thread Support
2999 =item Creating Threads
3001 =item Giving up control
3003 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
3005 =item Errors In Threads
3007 =item Ignoring A Thread
3011 =item Threads And Data
3015 =item Shared And Unshared Data
3017 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
3019 =item Controlling access: lock()
3021 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3023 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3027 =item Threads And Code
3031 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3033 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
3035 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
3037 =item Subroutine Locks
3041 =item Locking A Subroutine
3045 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3049 =item What Thread Am I In?
3053 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3055 =item What Threads Are Running?
3059 =item A Complete Example
3067 =item Introductory Texts
3069 =item OS-Related References
3071 =item Other References
3075 =item Acknowledgements
3083 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
3089 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
3098 =item Numbers endianness and Width
3100 =item Files and Filesystems
3102 =item System Interaction
3104 =item Command names versus file pathnames
3108 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
3110 =item External Subroutines (XS)
3112 =item Standard Modules
3116 =item Character sets and character encoding
3118 =item Internationalisation
3120 =item System Resources
3130 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
3131 http://testers.cpan.org/
3139 =item DOS and Derivatives
3147 =item EBCDIC Platforms
3155 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3159 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3161 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown
3162 LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
3163 HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl
3164 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin,
3165 getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME,
3166 getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
3167 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
3168 gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent
3169 STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN,
3170 endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
3171 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl
3172 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat
3173 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
3174 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
3175 FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
3176 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
3177 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
3178 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
3179 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
3180 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
3181 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
3182 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
3183 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
3184 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
3185 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
3191 v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000,
3192 v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999,
3193 v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
3194 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December
3195 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August
3196 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
3198 =item Supported Platforms
3202 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3206 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
3213 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
3219 =item The use locale pragma
3221 =item The setlocale function
3223 =item Finding locales
3225 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
3227 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
3229 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
3231 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
3233 =item Fixing system locale configuration
3235 =item The localeconv function
3237 =item I18N::Langinfo
3241 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
3245 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
3247 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
3249 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
3251 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
3255 =item Other categories
3263 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
3264 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
3270 =item Backward compatibility
3272 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
3274 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
3276 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
3278 =item Freely available locale definitions
3282 =item An imperfect standard
3286 =item Unicode and UTF-8
3292 =item Broken systems
3302 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
3312 =item Perl's Unicode Support
3314 =item Perl's Unicode Model
3316 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
3318 =item Creating Unicode
3320 =item Handling Unicode
3322 =item Legacy Encodings
3326 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
3330 =item Advanced Topics
3334 =item Questions With Answers
3336 =item Hexadecimal Notation
3338 =item Further Resources
3342 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
3346 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3348 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
3352 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
3360 =item Important Caveats
3362 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
3363 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, C<use encoding> needed to upgrade
3364 non-Latin-1 byte strings
3366 =item Byte and Character Semantics
3368 =item Effects of Character Semantics
3374 =item User-Defined Character Properties
3376 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
3378 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
3380 =item Unicode Encodings
3382 =item Security Implications of Unicode
3384 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
3388 =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
3390 =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
3392 =item Using Unicode in XS
3400 =item Interaction with Locales
3402 =item Interaction with Extensions
3406 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
3414 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
3420 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
3428 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
3432 =item 13 variant characters
3440 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
3442 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
3444 =item Unicode and UTF
3450 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
3452 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
3454 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
3468 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
3470 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
3472 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
3474 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
3482 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
3484 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
3486 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
3488 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
3492 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
3496 =item URL decoding and encoding
3498 =item uu encoding and decoding
3500 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
3502 =item Caesarian ciphers
3506 =item Hashing order and checksums
3510 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
3522 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
3542 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
3550 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
3552 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
3554 =item Taint mode and @INC
3556 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
3560 =item Protecting Your Programs
3564 =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
3572 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
3584 =item BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END
3590 =item Making your module threadsafe
3598 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
3602 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
3606 =item Pragmatic Modules
3608 assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
3609 bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding,
3610 fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re,
3611 sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version,
3612 vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
3614 =item Standard Modules
3616 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
3617 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
3618 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
3619 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
3620 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
3621 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
3622 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DBM_Filter, DB_File, Data::Dumper,
3623 Devel::DProf, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest,
3624 Digest::MD5, Digest::base, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode,
3625 Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN,
3626 Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder,
3627 Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z,
3628 Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header,
3629 Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW,
3630 Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
3631 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
3632 ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
3633 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
3634 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
3635 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
3636 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
3637 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
3638 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
3639 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish,
3640 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
3641 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
3642 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
3643 File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
3644 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
3645 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
3646 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File,
3647 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
3648 I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
3649 IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
3650 IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg,
3651 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
3652 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
3653 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
3654 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
3655 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::CalcEmu, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex,
3656 Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
3657 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
3658 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
3659 Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
3660 Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
3661 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
3662 PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint,
3663 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
3664 Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
3665 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
3666 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
3667 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
3668 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
3669 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
3670 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
3671 Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
3672 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
3673 Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps,
3674 Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
3675 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
3676 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
3677 Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
3678 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
3679 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
3680 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
3683 =item Extension Modules
3697 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
3698 Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
3700 =item Central America
3706 Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
3707 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
3708 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
3709 Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
3710 Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
3714 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
3715 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
3716 Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
3717 North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
3718 Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
3722 Australia, New Zealand, United States
3726 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
3732 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
3736 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
3738 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
3740 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
3748 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
3754 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
3758 =item Before you start
3766 =item Release considerations
3770 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
3774 =item Has it been done before?
3776 =item Do one thing and do it well
3778 =item What's in a name?
3782 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
3786 =item To OO or not to OO?
3788 =item Designing your API
3790 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
3791 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
3794 =item Strictness and warnings
3796 =item Backwards compatibility
3798 =item Error handling and messages
3802 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
3808 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
3810 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
3811 perl Build test, perl Build install
3815 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
3819 =item Version numbering
3821 =item Pre-requisites
3831 =item COMMON PITFALLS
3835 =item Reinventing the wheel
3837 =item Trying to do too much
3839 =item Inappropriate documentation
3845 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
3846 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
3853 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
3863 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
3864 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
3878 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
3888 =item What should I make into a module?
3890 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
3892 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
3894 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
3896 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
3897 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
3898 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
3900 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
3902 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
3903 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
3913 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3923 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3924 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3925 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3926 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3930 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3932 =item Administration
3934 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3938 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3939 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3947 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3957 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3961 =item Using The Back Ends
3965 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3969 =item The Decompiling Back End
3971 =item The Lint Back End
3973 =item The Simple C Back End
3975 =item The Bytecode Back End
3977 =item The Optimized C Back End
3981 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3983 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3984 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3985 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3987 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3993 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4003 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4005 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4007 B<Decryption Filters>
4009 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4011 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4013 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4017 =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
4019 Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
4029 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
4039 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
4040 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
4044 =item Compiling your C program
4046 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
4048 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
4050 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
4052 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
4054 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
4056 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
4058 =item Execution of END blocks
4060 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
4062 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
4067 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
4079 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
4085 =item Debugger Internals
4089 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
4093 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
4095 =item Debugging regular expressions
4099 =item Compile-time output
4101 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
4102 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
4103 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
4106 =item Types of nodes
4108 =item Run-time output
4112 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
4116 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
4118 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
4119 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
4122 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
4124 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
4126 =item B<-DL> details
4130 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
4138 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
4150 =item Version caveat
4152 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
4164 =item What has gone on?
4166 =item Writing good test scripts
4170 =item What's new here?
4172 =item Input and Output Parameters
4174 =item The XSUBPP Program
4176 =item The TYPEMAP file
4178 =item Warning about Output Arguments
4182 =item What has happened here?
4184 =item Anatomy of .xs file
4186 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
4188 =item More about XSUB arguments
4190 =item The Argument Stack
4192 =item Extending your Extension
4194 =item Documenting your Extension
4196 =item Installing your Extension
4200 =item New Things in this Example
4204 =item New Things in this Example
4206 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
4208 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
4210 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
4212 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
4228 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
4240 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
4242 =item The Argument Stack
4244 =item The RETVAL Variable
4246 =item Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL
4248 =item The MODULE Keyword
4250 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4252 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4254 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4256 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4258 =item The CODE: Keyword
4260 =item The INIT: Keyword
4262 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4264 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4266 =item Default Parameter Values
4268 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4270 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4272 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4274 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4276 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4278 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4280 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4282 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4284 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4286 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4288 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4290 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4292 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4294 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4296 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4298 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4300 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4302 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4304 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
4306 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4308 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4310 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4312 =item The CASE: Keyword
4314 =item The & Unary Operator
4316 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4318 =item Using XS With C++
4320 =item Interface Strategy
4322 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4326 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4328 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4340 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4350 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4352 =item File Operations
4354 =item File Input and Output
4356 =item File Positioning
4358 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4360 =item Character Class Tests
4362 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4364 =item Miscellaneous functions
4372 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4384 =item What is an "IV"?
4386 =item Working with SVs
4390 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4392 =item Working with AVs
4394 =item Working with HVs
4396 =item Hash API Extensions
4398 =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
4402 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4404 =item Creating New Variables
4406 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4408 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4410 =item Stashes and Globs
4412 =item Double-Typed SVs
4414 =item Magic Variables
4416 =item Assigning Magic
4418 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4422 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4424 =item Localizing changes
4426 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4427 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4428 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4429 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4430 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4431 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4432 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4433 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4434 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4435 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4443 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4445 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4447 =item Memory Allocation
4451 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4455 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4465 =item Examining the tree
4467 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4469 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4471 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4473 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4475 =item Pluggable runops
4479 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4481 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4485 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4487 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4489 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4491 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4493 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4497 =item Internal Functions
4499 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b
4503 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4505 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4507 =item Source Documentation
4511 =item Unicode Support
4515 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4517 =item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
4519 =item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
4521 =item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
4523 =item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
4525 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4529 =item Custom Operators
4537 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4543 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4545 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4547 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4567 =item Determining the Context
4571 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4577 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4579 =item Passing Parameters
4581 =item Returning a Scalar
4583 =item Returning a list of values
4585 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4587 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4591 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4595 =item Using call_argv
4597 =item Using call_method
4601 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4603 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4605 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4606 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4609 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4611 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4623 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4629 =item "Gimme" Values
4631 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4633 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4635 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4636 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4637 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4639 =item Callback Functions
4641 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4642 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4644 =item Character classes
4646 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4648 =item Cloning an interpreter
4652 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4654 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4656 =item Embedding Functions
4658 cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
4659 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4661 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4663 packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str
4665 =item Global Variables
4667 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4671 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4672 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4676 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4678 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4680 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4681 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_assert, hv_clear, hv_clear_placeholders, hv_delete,
4682 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4683 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4684 hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_scalar, hv_store, hv_store_ent,
4685 hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4687 =item Magical Functions
4689 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4690 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4691 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4693 =item Memory Management
4695 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4696 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4698 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4700 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, new_version, scan_version, strEQ,
4701 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking,
4702 sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, upg_version, vcmp, vnormal, vnumify,
4705 =item Numeric functions
4707 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4710 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4712 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4714 =item Pad Data Structures
4718 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4720 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4721 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4722 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4723 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4724 XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF,
4729 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4731 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4733 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4734 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4735 SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off,
4736 SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW,
4737 SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvIV_nomg, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
4738 SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX,
4739 SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
4740 SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
4741 SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
4742 SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
4743 SvPV_nolen, SvPV_nomg, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
4744 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off,
4745 SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8,
4746 SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, SvUV_nomg, SvVOK, sv_2bool,
4747 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv_flags, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte,
4748 sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen,
4749 sv_2uv_flags, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg,
4750 sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
4751 sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale,
4752 sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4753 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4754 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4755 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b,
4756 sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force,
4757 sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype,
4758 sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg,
4759 sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv,
4760 sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv,
4761 sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv,
4762 sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted,
4763 sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade,
4764 sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
4765 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4767 =item Unicode Support
4769 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4770 is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8,
4771 sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title,
4772 to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
4773 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4776 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4778 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4779 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4781 =item Warning and Dieing
4791 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4798 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
4802 =item Functions in file pad.h
4804 CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS,
4805 PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH,
4806 PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL,
4807 PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR,
4808 PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE, PAD_SV, PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV
4810 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
4814 =item Global Variables
4816 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4827 =item Pad Data Structures
4829 CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
4830 pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
4831 pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
4832 pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
4834 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4838 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4840 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4848 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4858 =item History and Background
4860 =item Basic Structure
4862 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4864 =item Data Structures
4866 =item Functions and Attributes
4868 =item Per-instance Data
4870 =item Layers in action.
4872 =item Per-instance flag bits
4874 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4875 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4876 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4877 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4879 =item Methods in Detail
4881 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4882 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4883 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4884 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4889 =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
4891 C implementations, Perl implementations
4895 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4897 =item Extension Layers
4899 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4907 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4915 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4916 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4917 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4918 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4919 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4920 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4921 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4922 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4923 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4924 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4925 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4929 =item Co-existence with stdio
4931 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4932 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4934 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4936 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4937 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4938 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4939 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4941 =item Other Functions
4943 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4944 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4950 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4956 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4957 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4958 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4959 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4960 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4961 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4962 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4966 =item Keeping in sync
4968 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4969 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4971 =item Why rsync the source tree
4973 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
4975 =item Why rsync the patches
4977 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4978 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4980 =item Perlbug administration
4982 =item Submitting patches
4984 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4985 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4987 =item Finding Your Way Around
4989 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4991 =item Elements of the interpreter
4993 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4995 =item Internal Variable Types
5001 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5003 =item Millions of Macros
5005 =item The .i Targets
5007 =item Poking at Perl
5009 =item Using a source-level debugger
5011 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5012 finish, 'enter', print
5014 =item gdb macro support
5016 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5020 =item Patching a core module
5022 =item Adding a new function to the core
5024 =item Writing a test
5026 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5027 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
5028 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5030 =item Special Make Test Targets
5032 coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind
5033 check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third
5034 utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8
5035 check.utf8, test_harness
5037 =item Running tests by hand
5039 PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
5043 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5047 =item Rational Software's Purify
5049 =item Purify on Unix
5051 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5055 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5059 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5061 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5065 =item Gprof Profiling
5067 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5069 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5071 =item Pixie Profiling
5073 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5076 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5080 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5088 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
5096 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
5102 =item To do during 5.6.x
5106 =item Support for I/O disciplines
5108 =item Autoload bytes.pm
5110 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
5112 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
5114 =item Overloadable regex assertions
5118 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
5120 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
5122 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
5124 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
5126 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
5128 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
5130 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
5132 =item Complete signal handling
5134 =item Out-of-source builds
5136 =item POSIX realtime support
5138 =item UNIX98 support
5142 =item Long double conversion
5146 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
5148 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
5150 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
5152 =item Security audit shipped utilities
5154 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
5156 =item Custom opcodes
5158 =item DLL Versioning
5160 =item Introduce @( and @)
5162 =item Floating point handling
5164 =item IV/UV preservation
5166 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
5168 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
5170 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
5172 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
5174 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
5176 =item Document Win32 choices
5178 =item Check new modules
5180 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
5184 =item To do at some point
5188 =item Remove regular expression recursion
5190 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
5192 =item bitfields in pack
5194 =item Cross compilation
5196 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
5198 =item Perl lexer in Perl
5200 =item Using POSIX calls internally
5202 =item -i rename file when changed
5204 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
5206 =item Support for rerunning debugger
5208 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
5210 =item my sub foo { }
5212 =item One-pass global destruction
5214 =item Rewrite regexp parser
5216 =item Cache recently used regexps
5218 =item Cross-compilation support
5220 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
5222 =item debugger pragma
5224 =item use less pragma
5226 =item switch structures
5228 =item Cache eval tree
5232 =item Shrink opcode tables
5234 =item Optimize away @_
5236 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
5240 =item Prototype method calls
5242 =item Return context prototype declarations
5246 =item Garbage collection
5250 =item Rewrite perldoc
5252 =item Install .3p manpages
5254 =item Unicode tutorial
5256 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
5258 =item Retargetable installation
5260 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
5262 =item Rename Win32 headers
5264 =item Finish off lvalue functions
5266 =item Update sprintf documentation
5268 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
5270 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
5272 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
5274 =item Should overload be inheritable?
5278 =item Perform correctly when XSUBs call subroutines that exit via
5279 goto(LABEL) and friends
5287 =item ref() in list context
5289 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
5291 =item Compile to real threaded code
5293 =item Structured types
5295 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
5297 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
5301 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
5305 =item foreach(reverse ...)
5307 =item Constant function cache
5309 =item Approximate regular expression matching
5317 =item Update guts documentation
5319 =item Add more tests
5321 =item Update auxiliary tools
5323 =item Create debugging macros
5325 =item truncate to the people
5327 =item Unicode in Filenames
5331 =item Unicode in %ENV
5333 =item Recently done things
5337 =item Alternative RE syntax module
5339 =item Safe signal handling
5345 =item setitimer and getimiter
5347 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5349 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5351 =item Explicit switch statements
5359 =item perlcc to produce executable
5361 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5363 =item Secure temporary file module
5365 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5367 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5369 =item Mmap for input
5371 =item Byte to/from UTF-8 and UTF-8 to/from local conversion
5373 =item Add sockatmark support
5375 =item Mailing list archives
5379 =item Integrate MacPerl
5381 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5383 =item Regular expression tutorial
5385 =item Debugging Tutorial
5387 =item Integrate new modules
5389 =item Integrate profiler
5391 =item Y2K error detection
5393 =item Regular expression debugger
5397 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5399 =item Cache precompiled modules
5403 =item Deprecated Wishes
5407 =item Loop control on do{}
5409 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5415 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5417 =item Named prototypes
5419 =item Built-in globbing
5421 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5423 =item Cached hash values
5425 =item Add compression modules
5427 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5429 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5431 =item Make XS easier to use
5433 =item Make embedding easier to use
5437 =item my $Package::variable
5439 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5441 =item "class"-based lexicals
5445 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5447 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5449 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5451 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5457 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
5467 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
5468 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
5469 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
5470 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>,
5471 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
5482 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5490 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5502 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5504 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5508 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5512 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.2
5518 =item Incompatible Changes
5520 =item Core Enhancements
5522 =item Modules and Pragmata
5524 =item Utility Changes
5528 =item Performance Enhancements
5530 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5532 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5534 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5536 =item Changed Internals
5538 =item Known Problems
5542 =item Platform Specific Problems
5546 =item Reporting Bugs
5552 =head2 perl592delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.2
5558 =item Incompatible Changes
5560 =item Core Enhancements
5562 =item Modules and Pragmata
5564 =item Utility Changes
5568 =item Performance Enhancements
5570 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5572 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5574 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5576 =item Changed Internals
5578 =item Known Problems
5582 =item Platform Specific Problems
5586 =item Reporting Bugs
5592 =head2 perl591delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.1
5598 =item Incompatible Changes
5602 =item substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length
5604 =item The C<:unique> attribute is only meaningful for globals
5608 =item Core Enhancements
5614 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5618 =item Stacked filetest operators
5622 =item Modules and Pragmata
5624 Benchmark, Carp, Exporter, FindBin, List::Util, threads::shared
5626 =item Utility Changes
5630 =item Performance Enhancements
5632 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5638 =item Threading bugs
5644 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5646 =item Changed Internals
5650 =item Reordering of SVt_* constants
5652 =item Removal of CPP symbols
5654 =item Less space is used by ops
5660 =item Configuration and Building
5662 =item Known Problems
5666 =item Platform Specific Problems
5670 =item To-do for perl 5.10.0
5672 =item Reporting Bugs
5678 =head2 perl590delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
5684 =item Incompatible Changes
5688 =item Hash Randomisation
5690 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5692 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5694 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5696 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5698 =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
5702 =item Core Enhancements
5708 =item Defined-or operators
5710 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
5712 =item Unsafe signals again available
5714 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5718 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
5720 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5724 =item Modules and Pragmata
5728 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5730 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
5731 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
5732 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
5733 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
5734 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
5735 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
5736 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
5741 =item Utility Changes
5743 =item New Documentation
5745 =item Performance Enhancements
5747 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5751 =item Platform-specific enhancements
5755 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5759 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
5763 =item Platform-specific fixes
5767 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5771 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
5773 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
5775 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
5777 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
5779 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
5781 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
5783 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
5785 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
5787 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
5789 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
5791 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
5795 =item Changed Internals
5799 =item Known Problems
5803 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5805 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
5811 =item Platform Specific Problems
5815 =item EBCDIC Platforms
5817 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
5819 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
5821 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
5823 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
5825 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
5827 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
5833 =item Reporting Bugs
5839 =head2 perl584delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.4
5845 =item Incompatible Changes
5847 =item Core Enhancements
5851 =item Malloc wrapping
5853 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
5855 =item suidperl less insecure
5861 =item Modules and Pragmata
5865 =item Updated modules
5867 Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter, File::Find,
5868 IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
5869 Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBM_File, POSIX, Shell, Socket, Storable,
5870 Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32,
5871 base, open, threads, utf8
5875 =item Performance Enhancements
5877 =item Utility Changes
5879 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5881 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5883 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5885 =item Changed Internals
5887 =item Future Directions
5889 =item Platform Specific Problems
5891 =item Reporting Bugs
5897 =head2 perl583delta - what is new for perl v5.8.3
5903 =item Incompatible Changes
5905 =item Core Enhancements
5907 =item Modules and Pragmata
5909 CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util,
5910 Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate,
5911 Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared
5913 =item Utility Changes
5915 =item New Documentation
5917 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5919 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5921 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5923 =item Changed Internals
5925 =item Configuration and Building
5927 =item Platform Specific Problems
5929 =item Known Problems
5931 =item Future Directions
5935 =item Reporting Bugs
5941 =head2 perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2
5947 =item Incompatible Changes
5949 =item Core Enhancements
5953 =item Hash Randomisation
5959 =item Modules and Pragmata
5963 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5965 Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64,
5966 Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate,
5967 Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL
5971 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5973 =item Changed Internals
5975 =item Platform Specific Problems
5977 =item Future Directions
5979 =item Reporting Bugs
5985 =head2 perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
5991 =item Incompatible Changes
5995 =item Hash Randomisation
5997 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5999 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
6001 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
6003 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
6007 =item Core Enhancements
6011 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
6013 =item Unsafe signals again available
6015 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
6019 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
6021 =item Deprecation Warnings
6023 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
6027 =item Modules and Pragmata
6031 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
6033 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
6034 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
6035 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
6036 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
6037 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
6038 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
6039 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
6044 =item Utility Changes
6046 =item New Documentation
6048 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6052 =item Platform-specific enhancements
6056 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6060 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
6064 =item Platform-specific fixes
6068 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6072 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
6074 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
6076 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
6078 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
6080 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
6082 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
6084 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
6086 =item New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
6088 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
6090 =item New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
6092 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
6094 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
6096 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
6100 =item Changed Internals
6104 =item Known Problems
6108 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
6110 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
6116 =item Platform Specific Problems
6120 =item EBCDIC Platforms
6122 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
6124 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
6126 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
6128 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
6130 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
6132 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
6136 =item Future Directions
6138 =item Reporting Bugs
6144 =head2 perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
6150 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
6152 =item Incompatible Changes
6156 =item Binary Incompatibility
6158 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
6160 =item AIX Dynaloading
6162 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
6164 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
6166 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
6168 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
6170 =item New Unicode Properties
6172 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
6174 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
6176 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
6182 =item Core Enhancements
6186 =item Unicode Overhaul
6188 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6192 =item Restricted Hashes
6196 =item Understanding of Numbers
6198 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
6200 =item Miscellaneous Changes
6204 =item Modules and Pragmata
6208 =item New Modules and Pragmata
6210 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6214 =item Utility Changes
6216 =item New Documentation
6218 =item Performance Enhancements
6220 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6224 =item Generic Improvements
6226 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6230 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6234 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6238 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6240 =item Changed Internals
6242 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
6246 =item Known Problems
6250 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
6252 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
6254 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6256 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
6258 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
6260 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6262 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
6264 =item PDL failing some tests
6268 =item Self-tying Problems
6270 =item ext/threads/t/libc
6272 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
6274 =item Timing problems
6276 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
6278 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
6282 =item Platform Specific Problems
6288 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
6294 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
6296 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
6298 =item DJGPP Failures
6300 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
6302 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
6304 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
6306 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6308 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
6310 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6314 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
6316 =item OS/2 Test Failures
6318 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
6324 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
6326 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
6328 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
6340 =item XML::Parser not working
6344 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
6346 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
6350 =item Reporting Bugs
6358 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
6366 =item Reporting Bugs
6374 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
6380 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6382 =item Incompatible Changes
6386 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
6388 =item AIX Dynaloading
6390 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
6392 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
6398 =item Core Enhancements
6400 =item Modules and Pragmata
6404 =item New Modules and Distributions
6406 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6410 =item Utility Changes
6412 =item New Documentation
6414 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6418 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6420 =item Generic Improvements
6424 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6428 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6432 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6434 =item Source Code Enhancements
6438 =item MAGIC constants
6440 =item Better commented code
6442 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
6450 =item Known Problems
6456 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
6458 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6460 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
6462 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
6464 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6466 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6470 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
6472 =item Failure of Thread tests
6482 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6484 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6486 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
6488 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6490 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6492 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
6496 =item Reporting Bugs
6504 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
6510 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6512 =item Incompatible Changes
6514 =item Core Enhancements
6518 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
6520 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6522 =item Signals Are Now Safe
6526 =item Modules and Pragmata
6532 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6536 =item Performance Enhancements
6538 =item Utility Changes
6540 =item New Documentation
6556 =item README.solaris
6560 =item Porting/repository.pod
6564 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6568 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6570 =item Generic Improvements
6572 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
6573 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
6574 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
6578 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6582 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6586 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6588 =item Changed Internals
6592 =item Known Problems
6596 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
6598 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6600 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6602 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6606 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6608 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
6610 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
6612 =item Failure of Thread tests
6614 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6616 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6618 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6620 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6624 =item Reporting Bugs
6632 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
6638 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6640 =item Incompatible Changes
6642 =item Core Enhancements
6644 =item Modules and Pragmata
6650 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6654 =item Utility Changes
6656 =item New Documentation
6658 =item Performance Enhancements
6660 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6664 =item Generic Improvements
6668 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6672 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6676 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6678 =item Changed Internals
6680 =item Known Problems
6684 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
6686 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
6688 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6690 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6692 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6694 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
6696 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6698 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
6700 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
6702 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6706 =item Reporting Bugs
6714 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
6720 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
6724 =item Security Issues
6726 =item Core bug fixes
6728 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
6729 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
6730 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
6731 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
6732 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
6733 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
6738 =item Configuration issues
6742 =item Bundled modules
6744 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
6745 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
6746 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
6747 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
6749 =item Platform-specific improvements
6751 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
6755 =item Core Enhancements
6759 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6761 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6763 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6765 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6767 =item "our" declarations
6769 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6771 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6773 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6775 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6777 =item open() with more than two arguments
6779 =item 64-bit support
6781 =item Large file support
6787 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6789 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6791 =item File globbing implemented internally
6793 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6795 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6797 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6799 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6801 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6803 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6805 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6807 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6809 =item Comments in pack() templates
6811 =item Weak references
6813 =item Binary numbers supported
6815 =item Lvalue subroutines
6817 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6819 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6821 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6823 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6825 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6827 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6829 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6831 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6833 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6835 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6837 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6839 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6841 =item Improved diagnostics
6843 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6845 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6847 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6849 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6851 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6853 =item Improved security features
6855 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6857 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6859 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6861 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6863 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6865 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6867 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6871 =item Modules and Pragmata
6877 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6878 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6879 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6880 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6881 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6882 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6883 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6884 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6890 =item Utility Changes
6904 =item The Perl Debugger
6908 =item Improved Documentation
6910 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6911 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6912 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6913 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6915 =item Performance enhancements
6919 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6921 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6923 =item Faster subroutine calls
6925 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6929 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6933 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6935 =item New Configure flags
6937 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6943 =item -Duselargefiles
6945 =item installusrbinperl
6951 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6953 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6957 =item Platform specific changes
6961 =item Supported platforms
6965 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6973 =item Significant bug fixes
6977 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6979 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6981 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6983 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6985 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6987 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6989 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6991 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6993 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6995 =item Locale bugs fixed
6999 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
7001 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
7003 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
7005 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
7009 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7011 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
7012 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
7013 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
7014 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
7015 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
7016 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
7017 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
7018 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
7019 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
7020 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
7021 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
7022 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
7023 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
7024 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
7025 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
7026 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
7027 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
7028 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
7029 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
7030 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
7031 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
7032 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
7033 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
7034 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
7035 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
7036 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
7037 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
7038 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
7039 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
7040 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
7041 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
7042 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
7043 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
7044 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
7045 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
7046 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
7047 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
7048 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
7049 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
7050 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
7051 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
7052 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
7053 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
7054 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
7055 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
7056 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
7057 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
7058 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
7059 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
7060 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
7064 =item Incompatible Changes
7068 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
7070 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
7071 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
7072 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
7073 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
7074 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
7075 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
7076 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
7077 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
7078 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
7079 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
7080 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
7082 =item C Source Incompatibilities
7084 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
7086 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
7088 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
7090 =item Binary Incompatibilities
7094 =item Known Problems
7098 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
7100 =item Known test failures
7102 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
7104 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
7106 =item Arrow operator and arrays
7108 =item Experimental features
7110 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
7111 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
7112 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
7116 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7118 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
7119 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
7120 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
7121 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
7123 =item Reporting Bugs
7131 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
7137 =item Core Enhancements
7141 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
7143 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
7145 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
7147 =item Support for interpolating named characters
7149 =item "our" declarations
7151 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
7153 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
7155 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
7157 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
7159 =item open() with more than two arguments
7161 =item 64-bit support
7163 =item Large file support
7169 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
7171 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
7173 =item File globbing implemented internally
7175 =item Support for CHECK blocks
7177 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
7179 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
7181 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
7183 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
7185 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
7187 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
7189 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
7191 =item Comments in pack() templates
7193 =item Weak references
7195 =item Binary numbers supported
7197 =item Lvalue subroutines
7199 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
7201 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
7203 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
7205 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
7207 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
7209 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
7211 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
7213 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
7215 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
7217 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
7219 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
7221 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
7223 =item Improved diagnostics
7225 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
7227 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
7229 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
7231 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
7233 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
7235 =item Improved security features
7237 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
7239 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
7241 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
7243 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
7245 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
7247 =item Optional Y2K warnings
7249 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
7253 =item Modules and Pragmata
7259 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
7260 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
7261 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
7262 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
7263 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
7264 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
7265 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
7266 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
7272 =item Utility Changes
7286 =item The Perl Debugger
7290 =item Improved Documentation
7292 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
7293 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
7294 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
7295 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
7297 =item Performance enhancements
7301 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
7303 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
7305 =item Faster subroutine calls
7307 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
7311 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7315 =item -Dusethreads means something different
7317 =item New Configure flags
7319 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
7325 =item -Duselargefiles
7327 =item installusrbinperl
7333 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
7337 =item Platform specific changes
7341 =item Supported platforms
7345 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
7353 =item Significant bug fixes
7357 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
7359 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
7361 =item All compilation errors are true errors
7363 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
7365 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
7367 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
7369 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
7371 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
7373 =item Failures in DESTROY()
7375 =item Locale bugs fixed
7379 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
7381 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
7383 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
7385 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
7389 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7391 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
7392 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
7393 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
7394 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
7395 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
7396 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
7397 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
7398 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
7399 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
7400 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
7401 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
7402 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
7403 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
7404 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
7405 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
7406 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
7407 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
7408 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
7409 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
7410 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
7411 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
7412 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
7413 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
7414 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
7415 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
7416 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
7417 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
7418 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
7419 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
7420 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
7421 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
7422 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
7423 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
7424 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
7425 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
7426 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
7427 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
7428 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
7429 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
7430 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
7431 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
7432 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
7433 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
7434 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
7435 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
7436 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
7437 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
7438 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
7439 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
7440 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
7444 =item Incompatible Changes
7448 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
7450 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
7451 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
7452 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
7453 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
7454 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
7455 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
7456 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
7457 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
7458 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
7459 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
7460 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
7462 =item C Source Incompatibilities
7464 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
7466 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
7468 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
7470 =item Binary Incompatibilities
7474 =item Known Problems
7478 =item Thread test failures
7480 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
7482 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
7484 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
7486 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
7489 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
7491 =item Arrow operator and arrays
7493 =item Experimental features
7495 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
7496 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
7497 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
7501 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7503 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
7504 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
7505 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
7506 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
7508 =item Reporting Bugs
7516 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
7522 =item About the new versioning system
7524 =item Incompatible Changes
7528 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
7530 =item Default installation structure has changed
7532 =item Perl Source Compatibility
7534 =item C Source Compatibility
7536 =item Binary Compatibility
7538 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
7540 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
7554 =item Regular Expressions
7556 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
7557 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
7558 improvements, Incompatible changes
7560 =item Improved malloc()
7562 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
7564 =item Reliable signals
7566 =item Reliable stack pointers
7568 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
7572 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
7574 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
7576 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
7578 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
7580 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
7582 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
7584 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
7586 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
7588 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
7590 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
7592 =item Better locale support
7594 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
7596 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
7598 =item Extended support for exception handling
7600 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
7602 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
7604 =item New C<INIT> keyword
7606 =item New C<lock> keyword
7608 =item New C<qr//> operator
7610 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
7612 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
7614 =item Tied handles support is better
7616 =item 4th argument to substr
7618 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
7620 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
7622 =item <> now reads in records
7626 =item Supported Platforms
7632 =item Changes in existing support
7636 =item Modules and Pragmata
7642 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
7643 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
7644 Thread, attrs, fields, re
7646 =item Changes in existing modules
7648 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
7649 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
7653 =item Utility Changes
7655 =item Documentation Changes
7657 =item New Diagnostics
7659 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
7660 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
7661 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
7662 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
7663 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
7664 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
7665 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
7666 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
7667 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
7668 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
7669 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
7670 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
7671 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
7672 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
7673 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
7674 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
7675 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
7677 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7679 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
7680 temporary file, regexp too big
7682 =item Configuration Changes
7692 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
7698 =item Supported Environments
7704 =item List assignment to %ENV works
7706 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
7708 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
7710 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
7712 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
7714 =item More precise warnings
7716 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
7718 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
7720 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
7722 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
7724 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
7726 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
7728 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
7730 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
7732 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
7734 =item Changes to tainting checks
7736 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
7737 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
7739 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
7741 =item Embedding improvements
7743 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
7745 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
7747 =item New and changed syntax
7751 =item New and changed builtin constants
7755 =item New and changed builtin variables
7759 =item New and changed builtin functions
7761 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
7762 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
7763 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
7764 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
7765 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
7767 =item New builtin methods
7769 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
7771 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
7773 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
7774 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
7776 =item Malloc enhancements
7778 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
7780 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
7784 =item Support for More Operating Systems
7800 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
7801 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
7807 =item Required Updates
7809 =item Installation directories
7811 =item Module information summary
7825 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
7829 =item Utility Changes
7835 Sends converted HTML to standard output
7839 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
7843 =item C Language API Changes
7845 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
7848 =item Documentation Changes
7850 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
7851 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
7853 =item New Diagnostics
7855 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
7856 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
7857 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
7858 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
7859 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
7860 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
7861 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
7862 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
7863 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
7864 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
7865 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
7866 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
7867 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
7868 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
7869 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
7870 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
7871 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
7872 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
7873 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
7874 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
7875 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
7876 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
7877 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
7878 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
7879 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
7889 =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
7897 =item The "Artistic License"
7905 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
7906 copying fee", "Freely Available"
7910 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
7916 =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
7928 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7932 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7940 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7944 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7946 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7948 =item The usenm option
7950 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7952 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7958 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7968 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7984 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7986 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7988 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7990 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7996 =item Accessing documentation
8000 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
8002 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
8004 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
8006 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
8010 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
8014 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
8016 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
8018 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
8020 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
8022 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
8026 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
8034 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
8044 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
8052 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
8054 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
8058 =item Contact Information
8060 =item Update 2002-05-30
8066 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
8076 =item gzip on BS2000
8078 =item bison on BS2000
8080 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
8082 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
8084 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
8086 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
8088 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
8090 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
8092 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
8094 =item Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions
8112 =head2 perlce - Perl for WinCE
8124 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
8125 celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources
8129 go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run
8134 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
8140 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
8146 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
8150 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
8152 =item Cygwin Configuration
8154 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
8158 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
8162 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
8164 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
8166 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
8167 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
8169 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
8171 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
8172 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
8175 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
8177 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
8181 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
8185 =item Errors on Cygwin
8191 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
8195 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
8197 =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
8199 =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
8201 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
8203 Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
8207 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
8209 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
8211 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
8212 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
8214 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
8222 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
8234 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
8238 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
8240 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
8242 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
8244 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
8254 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
8264 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
8268 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
8270 =item Building Perl on DOS
8272 =item Testing Perl on DOS
8274 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
8278 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
8282 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
8284 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
8286 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
8288 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
8298 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
8306 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
8308 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
8312 =item Editors on Epoc
8314 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
8316 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
8318 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
8322 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
8330 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
8338 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
8340 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
8342 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
8350 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
8359 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
8361 =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
8363 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
8375 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
8377 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
8379 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
8381 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
8383 =item The GNU C Compiler
8385 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
8387 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
8389 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
8391 =item Oracle on HP-UX
8393 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
8395 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
8397 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
8399 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
8403 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8411 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
8419 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
8427 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
8435 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
8437 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
8439 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
8441 =item Linker Problems in Irix
8443 =item Malloc in Irix
8445 =item Building with threads in Irix
8455 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
8464 =item Perl version 5.8.x and greater not supported
8466 =item Compiling Perl 5.6.x on MachTen
8468 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
8470 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
8472 =item Building external modules on MachTen
8482 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
8496 =head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
8506 =item Installation Prefix
8508 =item libperl and Prebinding
8510 =item Updating Panther
8512 =item Known problems
8522 =item Starting From Scratch
8530 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
8536 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
8542 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
8550 =item Binary distribution from HP
8552 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
8554 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
8556 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
8558 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
8560 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
8562 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
8563 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
8565 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
8569 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
8571 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
8573 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
8575 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
8577 =item Perl/iX Change History
8583 =head2 perlnetware - Perl for NetWare
8597 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
8609 =item BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS
8611 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
8619 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
8639 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
8641 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
8643 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
8647 =item Frequently asked questions
8651 =item "It does not work"
8653 =item I cannot run external programs
8655 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
8658 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
8661 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
8663 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
8671 =item Automatic binary installation
8673 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
8675 =item Manual binary installation
8677 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
8678 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
8679 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
8680 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
8681 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
8687 =item Accessing documentation
8691 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
8699 =item GNU C<info> files
8711 =item The short story
8715 =item Getting perl source
8717 =item Application of the patches
8725 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
8728 =item Installing the built perl
8730 =item C<a.out>-style build
8734 =item Building a binary distribution
8736 =item Building custom F<.EXE> files
8740 =item Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded
8743 =item Making executables with a custom search-paths
8751 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
8753 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
8755 =item Problems with tr or sed
8757 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
8759 =item Library ... not found
8761 =item Segfault in make
8763 =item op/sprintf test failure
8767 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
8771 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
8775 =item C<extproc> on the first line
8777 =item Additional modules:
8779 =item Prebuilt methods:
8781 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
8782 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
8783 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
8784 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
8785 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
8786 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
8787 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
8788 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
8789 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
8790 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
8791 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
8792 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
8794 =item Prebuilt variables:
8796 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
8803 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
8806 =item Identifying DLLs
8808 =item Centralized management of resources
8810 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
8811 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
8812 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
8813 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
8827 =item F<perl___.exe>
8829 =item Why strange names?
8831 =item Why dynamic linking?
8833 =item Why chimera build?
8841 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
8843 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
8845 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
8847 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
8849 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
8851 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
8859 =item Text-mode filehandles
8863 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
8865 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
8867 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
8870 =item DLL forwarder generation
8874 =item Calls to external programs
8876 =item Memory allocation
8880 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
8896 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
8909 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
8911 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
8913 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
8915 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
8917 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8919 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8921 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8923 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
8925 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8927 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
8937 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
8945 =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
8953 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
8955 =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
8957 =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
8959 =item Known Problems
8969 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
8979 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
8981 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
8983 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
8985 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
8989 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
8993 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
9005 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
9013 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
9015 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
9017 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
9019 =item QNX auxiliary files
9023 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
9031 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
9039 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
9045 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
9051 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
9053 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
9055 =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
9059 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
9063 =item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
9065 =item Threads in perl on Solaris.
9067 =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
9071 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
9073 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
9074 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
9075 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
9081 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
9083 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
9087 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
9089 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
9093 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
9097 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
9099 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
9103 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
9105 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
9107 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
9119 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
9120 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
9128 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
9130 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
9132 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
9134 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
9136 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
9138 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
9140 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
9144 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
9146 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
9148 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
9154 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
9162 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
9164 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
9170 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
9180 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
9182 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
9184 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
9186 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
9188 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
9198 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
9204 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
9212 =item Organization of Perl Images
9218 =item Perl Extensions
9220 =item Installing static extensions
9222 =item Installing dynamic extensions
9226 =item File specifications
9232 =item Wildcard expansion
9238 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
9244 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
9246 =item Command line switches
9252 =item Perl functions
9254 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
9255 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
9256 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
9257 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
9259 =item Perl variables
9261 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
9263 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
9277 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
9283 =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
9285 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
9287 =item USING PERL IN VOS
9291 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
9293 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
9299 =item SUPPORT STATUS
9307 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
9317 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
9319 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
9320 SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW32 with gcc, MinGW release 1
9324 =item Testing Perl on Win32
9326 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
9328 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
9330 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
9331 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
9332 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
9334 =item Running Perl Scripts
9336 Miscellaneous Things
9340 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
9342 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
9346 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
9347 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
9348 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
9356 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
9358 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
9370 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
9380 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
9381 data structures between threads
9393 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
9394 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
9395 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9407 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9416 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9417 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9418 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9422 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9428 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
9429 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
9431 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9437 =head2 assertions - select assertions in blocks of code
9449 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9453 =head2 assertions::activate - activate assertions
9465 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9469 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
9479 =item Built-in Attributes
9481 locked, method, lvalue
9483 =item Available Subroutines
9487 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
9489 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
9491 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
9499 =item Default exports
9501 =item Available exports
9503 =item Export tags defined
9513 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
9529 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
9545 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
9557 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9561 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
9583 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
9595 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9601 inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
9605 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
9623 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
9647 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
9648 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
9649 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
9650 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
9651 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
9661 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
9675 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
9690 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
9699 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
9701 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
9705 =item Anonymous hashes
9709 =item Alias shortcut
9713 =item charnames::viacode(code)
9715 =item charnames::vianame(name)
9719 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
9725 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
9737 =item List constants
9739 =item Defining multiple constants at once
9741 =item Magic constants
9745 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
9755 =head2 diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics
9765 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
9767 =item The I<splain> Program
9781 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
9791 =item Literal Conversions
9793 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
9795 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
9799 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
9801 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
9805 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
9806 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
9808 =item The Filter Option
9812 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
9822 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
9824 =item tr/// with ranges
9826 Legend of characters above
9830 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
9832 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
9834 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
9842 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
9856 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
9866 =item subpragma access
9872 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
9886 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
9897 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
9907 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
9917 =item Adding directories to @INC
9919 =item Deleting directories from @INC
9921 =item Restoring original @INC
9935 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
9946 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
9954 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
9956 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
9962 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
9974 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
9984 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
9986 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
9988 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
9990 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
9992 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
9994 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
9996 =item Overloadable Operations
9998 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
9999 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
10000 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
10002 =item Inheritance and overloading
10004 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
10005 is inherited by derived classes
10009 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
10017 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
10019 =item Copy Constructor
10025 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
10027 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
10028 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
10029 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
10032 =item Losing overloading
10034 =item Run-time Overloading
10036 =item Public functions
10038 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
10040 =item Overloading constants
10042 integer, float, binary, q, qr
10044 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10046 =item Metaphor clash
10052 =item Two-face scalars
10054 =item Two-face references
10056 =item Symbolic calculator
10058 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
10066 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
10067 type, `%s' is not a code reference
10073 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
10085 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
10087 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
10091 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
10095 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
10103 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
10115 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
10123 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
10129 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
10139 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
10140 structures between threads
10152 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
10153 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
10154 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
10166 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
10177 =item Utility functions
10179 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
10180 FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag =
10181 utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
10191 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
10201 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
10211 =item What IS a version
10213 Numeric Versions, Quoted Versions
10215 =item What about v-strings?
10217 =item Numeric Versions
10219 =item Quoted Versions
10221 =item Object Methods
10223 New Operator, qv(), Normal Form, Numification, Stringification, Comparison
10224 operators, Logical Operators
10228 =item Types of Versions Objects
10230 Ordinary versions, Alpha versions
10232 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
10244 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
10252 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
10256 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
10264 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
10265 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
10266 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
10267 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
10268 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
10272 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
10282 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
10284 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
10294 =item DBM Comparisons
10304 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
10314 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
10318 =item Typed lexicals
10320 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
10322 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
10324 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
10326 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
10334 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
10335 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
10336 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
10337 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
10338 be able to apply END handler>
10348 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
10358 =item Subroutine Stubs
10360 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10362 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10364 =item Package Lexicals
10366 =item Not Using AutoLoader
10368 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
10378 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
10386 $keep, $check, $modtime
10390 =item Multiple packages
10398 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
10408 =item Utility Functions
10412 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
10415 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
10416 check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
10418 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
10420 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
10422 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
10424 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
10426 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
10428 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
10429 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
10433 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
10437 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
10439 =item B::SV Methods
10441 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
10443 =item B::IV Methods
10445 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
10447 =item B::NV Methods
10451 =item B::RV Methods
10455 =item B::PV Methods
10459 =item B::PVMG Methods
10463 =item B::MAGIC Methods
10465 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
10467 =item B::PVLV Methods
10469 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
10471 =item B::BM Methods
10473 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
10475 =item B::GV Methods
10477 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
10478 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
10480 =item B::IO Methods
10482 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
10483 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
10485 =item B::AV Methods
10487 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS
10489 =item B::CV Methods
10491 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
10492 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
10494 =item B::HV Methods
10496 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
10498 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
10500 =item B::OP Methods
10502 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
10504 =item B::UNOP METHOD
10508 =item B::BINOP METHOD
10512 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
10516 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
10520 =item B::PMOP Methods
10522 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
10523 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
10525 =item B::SVOP METHOD
10529 =item B::PADOP METHOD
10533 =item B::PVOP METHOD
10537 =item B::LOOP Methods
10539 redoop, nextop, lastop
10541 =item B::COP Methods
10543 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io
10551 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
10560 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
10566 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
10578 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10598 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10610 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10620 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
10630 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
10631 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
10632 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
10643 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
10653 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
10654 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
10655 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
10667 =item Context of ".."
10671 =item Deprecated features
10679 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
10693 =item Options for Opcode Ordering
10695 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>
10697 =item Options for Line-Style
10699 B<-concise>, B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
10701 =item Options for tree-specific formatting
10703 B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>
10705 =item Options controlling sequence numbering
10707 B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>
10709 =item Other options
10711 B<-main>, B<-banner>
10713 =item Option Stickiness
10717 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
10719 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
10720 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
10721 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
10722 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
10723 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
10724 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
10725 B<#seq>, B<#opt>, B<#static>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>,
10726 B<#svval>, B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
10728 =item ABBREVIATIONS
10732 =item OP flags abbreviations
10734 =item OP class abbreviations
10738 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
10742 =item Example: Altering Concise Renderings
10746 =item set_style_standard($name)
10750 =item add_callback()
10752 =item Running B::Concise::compile()
10754 =item B::Concise::reset_sequence()
10764 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
10776 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
10786 B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
10787 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
10789 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
10799 =item ambient_pragmas
10801 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
10813 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
10825 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
10833 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
10835 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<bare-subs>,
10836 B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
10837 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
10839 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
10849 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
10859 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10867 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
10879 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
10891 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
10893 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
10905 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
10915 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
10923 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10943 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
10957 =item Standard Exports
10959 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
10960 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
10961 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
10963 =item Optional Exports
10965 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
10966 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
10967 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
10969 =item :hireswallclock
10985 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
10989 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
11003 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
11015 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
11025 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
11037 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
11039 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
11041 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
11043 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
11045 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
11047 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
11049 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
11051 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
11053 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
11055 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
11057 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
11059 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
11061 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
11063 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
11065 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
11067 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
11069 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
11071 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
11072 B<:standard>, B<:all>
11076 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
11077 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
11080 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
11082 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
11083 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
11088 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
11092 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
11094 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
11096 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
11098 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
11100 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
11102 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
11104 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
11106 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
11107 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
11109 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
11113 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
11117 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
11119 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
11121 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
11123 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
11125 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
11127 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
11128 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
11130 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
11134 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
11138 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
11140 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
11142 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
11144 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
11148 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
11150 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
11152 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
11156 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
11158 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
11160 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
11164 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
11168 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
11172 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
11176 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
11180 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
11182 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
11184 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
11188 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
11190 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
11191 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
11193 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
11199 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
11200 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
11202 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
11204 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
11205 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
11208 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
11214 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
11218 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
11220 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
11221 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
11222 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
11223 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
11224 B<virtual_port ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name
11225 ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
11227 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
11229 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
11234 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
11236 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
11238 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
11239 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
11241 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
11243 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11247 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
11248 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
11249 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
11250 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
11251 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
11252 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
11253 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
11254 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
11255 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
11256 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
11257 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
11258 ...and many many more..
11260 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
11268 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
11278 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11286 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
11295 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
11297 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
11301 =item Changing the default message
11305 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
11307 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
11315 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
11323 =item USING CGI::Cookie
11325 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
11329 =item Creating New Cookies
11331 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
11333 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
11335 =item Manipulating Cookies
11337 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
11341 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11349 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
11357 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
11359 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
11361 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
11363 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
11365 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
11367 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
11371 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11379 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
11389 =item Tags that won't be formatted
11391 =item Customizing the Indenting
11403 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
11411 =item USING CGI::Push
11413 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
11417 =item Heterogeneous Pages
11419 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
11423 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
11425 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11433 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
11443 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11451 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
11459 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11465 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
11477 =item Interactive Mode
11479 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
11480 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
11481 distribution, ls author, Signals
11489 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
11491 =item Programmer's interface
11493 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
11495 =item Methods in the other Classes
11497 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
11498 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
11499 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
11500 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
11501 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
11502 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
11503 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
11504 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
11505 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
11506 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
11507 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
11508 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
11509 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
11510 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
11511 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
11512 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
11513 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
11514 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
11515 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
11516 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
11517 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
11518 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
11519 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
11520 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
11521 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
11522 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
11524 =item Cache Manager
11528 =item Prerequisites
11530 =item Finding packages and VERSION
11534 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
11538 =item CONFIGURATION
11540 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
11541 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
11542 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
11543 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
11547 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
11549 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
11557 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
11559 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
11563 =item Three basic types of firewalls
11565 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
11567 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
11573 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
11585 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
11595 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
11608 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
11618 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
11626 =head2 Carp::Heavy - heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
11628 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
11638 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
11639 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
11640 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
11642 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
11650 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
11660 =item The C<struct()> function
11662 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
11664 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
11666 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
11667 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
11669 =item Initializing with C<new>
11675 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
11677 =item Author and Modification History
11681 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
11689 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
11701 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
11705 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
11706 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
11707 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
11708 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
11712 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
11716 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
11717 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
11718 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
11719 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
11720 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
11721 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
11722 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
11726 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
11727 C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>,
11728 C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>,
11729 C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>,
11730 C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>,
11731 C<d_const>, C<d_copysignl>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>,
11732 C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>,
11733 C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>,
11734 C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>,
11735 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>,
11736 C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>,
11737 C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>,
11738 C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>,
11739 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
11740 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>,
11741 C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>,
11742 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>,
11743 C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>,
11744 C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>,
11745 C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>,
11746 C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>,
11747 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
11748 C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>,
11749 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>,
11750 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
11751 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
11752 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
11753 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
11754 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
11755 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
11756 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
11757 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
11758 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
11759 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
11760 C<d_htonl>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
11761 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
11762 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>,
11763 C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>,
11764 C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>,
11765 C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>,
11766 C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>,
11767 C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_modflproto>,
11768 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
11769 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
11770 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
11771 C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>,
11772 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
11773 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
11774 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
11775 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
11776 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
11777 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
11778 C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
11779 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
11780 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
11781 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
11782 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
11783 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>,
11784 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
11785 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
11786 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
11787 C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>,
11788 C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>,
11789 C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
11790 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>,
11791 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
11792 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
11793 C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
11794 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
11795 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
11796 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
11797 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>,
11798 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
11799 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
11800 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
11801 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
11802 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>,
11803 C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
11804 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
11805 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
11806 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
11807 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
11808 C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>, C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>,
11809 C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
11810 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
11811 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
11812 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
11813 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
11814 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
11815 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
11816 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
11817 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
11821 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
11822 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
11823 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
11824 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
11828 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
11829 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
11834 C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
11835 C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
11836 C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
11837 C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
11838 C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
11839 C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
11840 C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
11841 C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
11842 C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
11843 C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
11847 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
11848 C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
11852 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
11853 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
11854 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
11855 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
11856 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
11857 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
11858 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
11859 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
11860 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
11861 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
11862 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
11863 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
11864 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
11865 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
11866 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
11867 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
11868 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
11869 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
11870 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>,
11871 C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>,
11872 C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
11873 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitehtml1dir>,
11874 C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>, C<installsiteman1dir>,
11875 C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>, C<installstyle>,
11876 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
11877 C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>, C<installvendorlib>,
11878 C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>, C<installvendorscript>,
11879 C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
11883 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
11887 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
11888 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
11889 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
11890 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
11891 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
11892 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
11897 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
11898 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
11899 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
11903 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>,
11904 C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>,
11909 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
11910 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
11911 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
11912 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
11913 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
11917 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
11918 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
11922 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
11923 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
11927 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
11928 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
11929 C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>,
11930 C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
11934 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
11938 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
11939 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
11940 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
11944 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
11945 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
11946 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
11947 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
11948 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
11949 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
11950 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
11951 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>,
11952 C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>,
11953 C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>,
11954 C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>,
11955 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
11956 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
11957 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
11958 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
11959 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>,
11960 C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
11961 C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
11962 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>,
11963 C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
11967 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
11968 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
11973 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
11974 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
11975 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
11976 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
11977 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>,
11978 C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>,
11979 C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>,
11980 C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>,
11981 C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>,
11986 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
11987 C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>,
11988 C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>,
11989 C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>,
11990 C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>,
11991 C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
11992 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
12000 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
12012 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
12022 =item getcwd and friends
12024 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
12026 =item abs_path and friends
12028 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
12042 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
12054 =item Global Variables
12056 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
12057 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
12062 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
12063 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
12065 =item Client Callback Methods
12067 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
12068 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
12069 CLIENT->output(LIST)
12079 =head2 DBM_Filter -- Filter DBM keys/values
12087 =item What is a DBM Filter?
12091 =item So what's new?
12099 =item $db->Filter_Push()
12101 =item $db->Filter_Key_Push()
12103 =item $db->Filter_Value_Push()
12105 Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push
12107 =item $db->Filter_Pop()
12109 =item $db->Filtered()
12113 =item Writing a Filter
12117 =item Immediate Filters
12119 =item Canned Filters
12125 =item Filters Included
12127 utf8, encode, compress, int32, null
12133 =item Maintain Round Trip Integrity
12135 =item Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file.
12147 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
12155 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
12159 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
12161 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
12163 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
12165 =item Default Parameters
12167 =item In Memory Databases
12175 =item A Simple Example
12183 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
12185 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
12187 =item The get_dup() Method
12189 =item The find_dup() Method
12191 =item The del_dup() Method
12193 =item Matching Partial Keys
12201 =item The 'bval' Option
12203 =item A Simple Example
12205 =item Extra RECNO Methods
12207 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
12208 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
12209 length, elements);>
12211 =item Another Example
12215 =item THE API INTERFACE
12217 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
12218 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
12219 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
12220 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
12224 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
12225 B<filter_fetch_value>
12231 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
12233 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
12237 =item HINTS AND TIPS
12241 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
12243 =item Safe ways to lock a database
12245 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
12247 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
12249 =item The untie() Gotcha
12253 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
12257 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
12259 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
12261 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
12263 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
12283 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
12284 printing and C<eval>
12296 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
12297 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
12298 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
12305 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
12331 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
12339 =item PROFILE FORMAT
12351 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
12373 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
12383 =item Runtime debugging
12385 =item Memory footprint debugging
12393 =item A simple scalar string
12395 =item A simple scalar number
12397 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
12399 =item A reference to a simple scalar
12401 =item A reference to an array
12403 =item A reference to a hash
12405 =item Dumping a large array or hash
12407 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
12409 =item A reference to a subroutine
12423 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
12433 =head2 Digest - Modules that calculate message digests
12441 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
12445 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
12446 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
12447 $ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits(
12448 $data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest,
12449 $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
12459 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
12469 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
12473 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
12474 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits),
12475 $md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
12487 =head2 Digest::base - Digest base class
12499 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
12511 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
12523 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
12524 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
12525 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
12530 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
12531 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
12537 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
12545 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
12546 @dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(),
12547 dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(),
12548 dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(),
12549 dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
12555 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
12566 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
12568 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
12572 =item Order of initialization: early load()
12576 =item The most hairy case
12586 =head2 Encode - character encodings
12594 =item Table of Contents
12606 =item PERL ENCODING API
12608 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
12609 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
12610 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
12615 =item Listing available encodings
12617 =item Defining Aliases
12621 =item Encoding via PerlIO
12623 =item Handling Malformed Data
12625 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
12626 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
12627 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
12628 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
12633 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
12637 =item Defining Encodings
12639 =item The UTF-8 flag
12641 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
12645 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
12647 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
12657 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
12665 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12670 =item Alias overloading
12678 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
12692 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12694 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
12710 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
12712 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
12714 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
12728 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
12738 =item Methods you should implement
12740 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12741 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12743 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12745 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
12747 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12751 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12755 =item Compiled Encodings
12761 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12765 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
12775 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12776 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12777 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12787 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
12797 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
12805 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12807 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
12809 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
12823 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
12825 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
12841 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
12847 =item How does it work?
12849 =item Line Buffering
12853 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12861 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
12869 =item Encoding Names
12873 =item Supported Encodings
12877 =item Built-in Encodings
12879 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12881 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12883 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12884 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12886 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12888 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12889 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12890 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12892 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12894 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12898 =item Unsupported encodings
12900 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12901 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12902 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12903 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12905 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12907 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12911 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12913 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12919 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12920 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12927 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12928 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12932 =item Other Notable Sites
12934 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12935 "Introduction to i18n"
12937 =item Offline sources
12939 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12945 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
12959 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
12975 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
12983 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
12985 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
12991 =item by endianness
12993 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
12997 =item Surrogate Pairs
13003 =head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
13017 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
13026 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
13031 =item Alias overloading
13039 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
13040 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
13042 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
13045 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
13048 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
13049 Implementation Base Class
13059 =item Methods you should implement
13061 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
13062 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
13064 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
13066 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
13068 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
13072 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
13076 =item Compiled Encodings
13082 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
13086 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
13097 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
13098 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
13099 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
13109 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
13110 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
13112 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
13115 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
13118 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
13119 and 'Q' header encoding
13135 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
13136 on Encode and PerlIO
13142 =item How does it work?
13144 =item Line Buffering
13148 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
13156 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
13157 supported by Encode
13165 =item Encoding Names
13169 =item Supported Encodings
13173 =item Built-in Encodings
13175 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
13177 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
13179 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
13180 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
13182 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
13184 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
13185 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
13186 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
13188 =item Miscellaneous encodings
13190 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
13194 =item Unsupported encodings
13196 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
13197 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
13198 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
13199 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
13201 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
13203 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
13207 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
13209 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
13215 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
13216 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
13223 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
13224 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
13228 =item Other Notable Sites
13230 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
13231 "Introduction to i18n"
13233 =item Offline sources
13235 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
13241 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
13256 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
13268 =item Predefined Methods
13270 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
13271 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
13272 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
13274 =item Example: base64 transcoder
13276 =item Operator Overloading
13284 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
13285 non-ascii or non-utf8
13295 =item Literal Conversions
13297 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
13299 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
13303 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
13305 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
13309 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
13310 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
13312 =item The Filter Option
13316 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
13326 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
13328 =item tr/// with ranges
13330 Legend of characters above
13334 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
13336 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
13338 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
13346 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
13358 =item Predefined Methods
13360 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
13361 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
13362 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
13364 =item Example: base64 transcoder
13366 =item Operator Overloading
13374 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
13387 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
13402 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
13418 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
13428 =item How to Export
13430 =item Selecting What To Export
13432 =item How to Import
13434 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
13438 =item Advanced features
13442 =item Specialised Import Lists
13444 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
13446 =item Exporting without inheriting from Exporter
13448 =item Module Version Checking
13450 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
13452 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
13454 =item Generating combined tags
13456 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
13462 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
13472 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
13493 mv source... destination
13495 cp source... destination
13515 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
13529 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
13531 B<perllocal_install>
13535 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
13545 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
13553 perl_stringify NAME
13557 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
13559 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
13563 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
13571 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
13574 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13576 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
13578 WriteMakefileSnippet
13580 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
13581 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13589 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
13601 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
13602 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
13612 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
13630 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
13642 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>
13650 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
13662 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
13663 packlist(), version()
13671 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
13679 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
13680 dynamic extensions at load time
13686 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
13696 =item VMS implementation
13698 =item Win32 implementation
13706 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
13716 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
13724 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
13732 blibdirs_target (o)
13736 =item File::Spec wrappers
13744 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
13760 makemakerdflt_target
13780 metafile_addtomanifest_target
13782 signature_addtomanifest_target
13786 =item Abstract methods
13788 oneliner, B<quote_literal>, B<escape_newlines>, max_exec_len,
13789 B<init_others>, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform,
13802 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13803 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13817 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13818 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13832 replace_manpage_separator (o)
13836 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13846 =item Overridden methods
13854 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13864 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13865 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13887 init_platform, platform_constants
13893 special_targets (o)
13903 clean_subdirs_target
13907 realclean_subdirs_target
13915 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13916 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13928 init_platform (o), platform_constants
13936 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13937 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13955 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13965 =item Overridden methods
13973 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13983 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14009 clean_subdirs_target
14021 dir_target B<DEPRECATED>
14071 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
14101 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
14145 post_initialize (o)
14159 realclean_subdirs_target
14161 replace_manpage_separator
14183 test_via_harness (override)
14185 test_via_script (override)
14209 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14210 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14220 =item Methods always loaded
14232 guess_name (override)
14236 find_perl (override)
14238 maybe_command (override)
14240 perl_script (override)
14242 replace_manpage_separator
14248 init_main (override)
14250 init_others (override)
14252 init_platform (override)
14256 init_VERSION (override)
14258 constants (override)
14264 const_cccmd (override)
14266 tool_sxubpp (override)
14268 tools_other (override)
14270 init_dist (override)
14280 dynamic_lib (override)
14282 dynamic_bs (override)
14284 static_lib (override)
14286 processPL (override)
14288 installbin (override)
14290 subdir_x (override)
14294 clean_subdirs_target
14296 realclean (override)
14298 zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o)
14300 dist_test (override)
14304 perldepend (override)
14306 makefile (override)
14308 find_tests (override)
14312 makeaperl (override)
14314 nicetext (override)
14316 prefixify (override)
14336 blibdirs_target (override)
14338 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14339 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14351 =item Overridden methods
14357 replace_manpage_separator
14367 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
14369 special_targets (o)
14391 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
14401 =item Overriden methods
14417 clean_subdirs_target
14419 realclean_subdirs_target
14431 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
14441 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
14451 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
14453 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
14461 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
14465 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
14467 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
14469 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
14471 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
14473 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
14474 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
14475 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
14476 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
14477 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
14478 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
14479 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH,
14480 INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR,
14481 INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
14482 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
14483 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
14484 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT,
14485 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
14486 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW,
14487 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
14488 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
14489 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST,
14490 VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
14492 =item Additional lowercase attributes
14494 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
14495 test, tool_autosplit
14497 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
14499 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
14501 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
14503 =item Hintsfile support
14505 =item Distribution Support
14507 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
14508 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
14509 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
14511 =item Module Meta-Data
14513 =item Disabling an extension
14515 =item Other Handy Functions
14523 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
14533 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
14542 =item Module Installation
14544 How do I keep from installing man pages?, How do I use a module without
14547 =item Philosophy and History
14549 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What is
14550 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
14551 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
14553 =item Module Writing
14555 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
14556 this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!
14560 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
14561 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
14574 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
14588 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
14597 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version-agnostic bytes.pm
14607 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
14617 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
14655 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
14659 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
14667 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
14668 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
14672 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
14680 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
14692 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
14702 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
14711 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
14719 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
14731 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
14739 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
14749 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
14761 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
14771 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
14775 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
14783 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
14787 C<basename>, C<dirname>
14791 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
14805 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
14819 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
14829 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
14831 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
14843 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
14853 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
14865 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
14873 B<find>, B<finddepth>
14879 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
14880 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
14881 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
14883 =item The wanted function
14885 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
14886 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
14887 pathname to the file
14895 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
14899 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
14905 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
14913 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
14914 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
14915 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
14919 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
14927 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
14941 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
14951 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
14952 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
14953 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
14961 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
14973 file_name_is_absolute
14977 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
14997 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
15015 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
15043 file_name_is_absolute
15065 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
15077 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
15110 file_name_is_absolute
15132 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
15148 =item Methods always loaded
15150 canonpath (override)
15168 case_tolerant (override)
15172 file_name_is_absolute (override)
15174 splitpath (override)
15176 splitdir (override)
15190 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
15216 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
15226 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
15262 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
15276 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
15286 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
15294 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
15306 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
15308 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
15320 =item Temporary files and NFS
15332 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
15348 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
15356 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
15366 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
15374 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
15380 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
15394 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
15396 =item All-in-one interface
15398 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
15400 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
15403 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
15405 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
15406 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
15407 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
15409 described in the previous section.
15411 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
15413 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
15425 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
15435 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
15439 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
15441 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
15449 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
15451 =item Example 2: Using the context
15453 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
15455 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
15459 =item Filter::Simple
15467 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
15475 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
15487 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
15503 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
15511 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
15513 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
15517 =item Simple options
15519 =item A little bit less simple options
15521 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
15523 =item Options with values
15525 =item Options with multiple values
15527 =item Options with hash values
15529 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
15531 =item Options with multiple names
15533 =item Case and abbreviations
15535 =item Summary of Option Specifications
15537 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
15542 =item Advanced Possibilities
15546 =item Object oriented interface
15548 =item Thread Safety
15550 =item Documentation and help texts
15552 =item Storing options in a hash
15556 =item The lonesome dash
15558 =item Argument callback
15562 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
15564 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
15565 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
15566 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
15567 (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
15568 (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
15569 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
15571 =item Exportable Methods
15573 VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
15575 =item Return values and Errors
15581 =item Default destinations
15583 =item Alternative option starters
15585 =item Configuration variables
15589 =item Trouble Shooting
15593 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
15596 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
15598 =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
15600 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
15606 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15610 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches
15611 with switch clustering
15619 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
15623 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
15633 =item Restricted hashes
15635 lock_keys, unlock_keys
15641 lock_value, unlock_value
15643 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
15657 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
15668 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
15679 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
15681 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
15683 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
15685 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
15687 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
15689 the function super_languages($lang1)
15691 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
15693 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
15695 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
15697 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
15701 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
15703 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
15713 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
15721 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
15723 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
15725 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
15726 Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
15727 Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
15728 {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
15729 {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
15730 {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
15731 : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
15732 Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
15733 Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
15734 : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
15735 Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
15736 : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
15737 Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
15738 Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
15739 (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
15740 {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
15741 Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
15742 Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
15743 (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
15744 American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
15745 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
15746 : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
15747 Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
15748 Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
15749 {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
15750 : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
15751 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
15752 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
15753 Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
15754 Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
15755 {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
15756 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
15757 : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
15758 English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
15759 (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
15760 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
15761 : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
15762 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
15763 (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
15764 Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
15765 {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
15766 {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
15767 German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
15768 : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
15769 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
15770 Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
15771 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
15772 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
15773 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
15774 {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
15775 (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
15776 (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
15777 Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
15778 Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
15779 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
15780 Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
15781 {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
15782 Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
15783 : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
15784 {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
15785 {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
15786 {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
15787 Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
15788 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
15789 Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
15790 Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
15791 Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
15792 (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
15793 : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
15794 {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
15795 {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
15796 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
15797 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
15798 Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
15799 [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
15800 Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
15801 Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
15802 {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
15803 languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
15804 {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
15805 {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
15806 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
15807 {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
15808 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
15809 Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
15810 : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
15811 Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
15812 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
15813 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
15814 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
15815 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
15816 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
15817 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
15818 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
15819 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
15820 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
15821 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
15822 Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
15823 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
15824 Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
15825 {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
15826 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
15827 Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
15828 Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
15829 (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
15830 {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
15831 Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
15832 South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
15833 Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
15834 {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
15835 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
15836 {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
15837 Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
15838 Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
15839 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
15840 {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
15841 Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
15842 : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
15843 Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
15844 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
15845 Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
15846 : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
15847 : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
15848 Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
15849 Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
15850 : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
15855 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15861 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
15879 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15883 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
15895 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
15903 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15904 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15914 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15924 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15928 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
15936 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
15946 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15950 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15951 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15952 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15953 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15965 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15975 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15979 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15989 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15999 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
16000 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
16010 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
16018 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
16019 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
16028 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
16038 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
16042 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
16043 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
16044 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
16054 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
16068 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
16069 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
16079 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
16095 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
16108 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
16122 hostpath(), peerpath()
16132 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
16141 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
16142 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
16152 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
16162 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
16166 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
16174 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
16185 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
16189 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
16190 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
16191 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
16192 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
16204 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
16214 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
16218 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
16228 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
16238 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
16239 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
16249 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
16258 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
16259 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
16268 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
16279 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
16283 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
16284 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
16285 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
16295 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
16310 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
16311 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
16321 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
16322 AF_INET domain sockets
16338 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
16351 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
16352 AF_UNIX domain sockets
16366 hostpath(), peerpath()
16376 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
16386 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
16387 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
16398 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
16412 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
16425 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
16435 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
16436 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
16437 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16448 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
16466 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
16476 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
16477 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
16488 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
16499 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
16500 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
16501 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16512 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
16520 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16521 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16525 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16531 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
16532 general-utility list subroutines
16540 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16541 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16545 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16551 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
16552 general-utility scalar subroutines
16560 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
16561 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
16562 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
16572 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
16580 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16584 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
16592 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
16600 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16602 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16604 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16605 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16607 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16609 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
16611 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
16617 =item rename_country
16625 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16629 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
16630 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
16631 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
16632 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
16640 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
16641 identification (ISO 4217)
16651 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16653 code2currency(), currency2code()
16655 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16657 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
16661 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16665 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
16666 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
16674 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
16683 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16685 code2language(), language2code()
16687 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16689 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
16693 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16697 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
16698 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
16706 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
16714 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
16720 =item Construction Methods
16722 =item The "maketext" Method
16724 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
16726 =item Utility Methods
16728 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
16729 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
16730 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
16731 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
16733 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
16737 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
16739 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
16741 =item BRACKET NOTATION
16743 =item AUTO LEXICONS
16745 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
16747 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
16751 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
16757 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
16765 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
16769 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
16771 =item The Linguistic View
16773 =item Breaking gettext
16775 =item Replacing gettext
16777 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
16779 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
16781 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
16783 =item Buzzword: Concision
16785 =item The Devil in the Details
16787 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
16795 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
16803 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16807 =item SPECIAL CODES
16811 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16813 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16814 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16816 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16818 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
16822 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16826 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
16827 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
16835 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
16843 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
16847 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
16857 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
16858 of quoted-printable strings
16866 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16874 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
16883 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16891 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
16901 =item Canonical notation
16905 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
16907 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
16911 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
16912 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
16920 =item Autocreating constants
16926 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
16934 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
16944 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
16976 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
16978 =item is_pos()/is_neg()
16980 $x->is_pos(); # true if >= 0
16981 $x->is_neg(); # true if < 0
16983 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
17069 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
17079 =item Rounding mode R
17081 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
17082 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
17083 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
17096 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
17104 =item Autocreating constants
17110 =item Alternative math libraries
17116 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
17124 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
17130 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
17135 bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling,
17136 Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types,
17147 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
17159 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
17163 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
17165 the same terms as Perl itself.
17173 =head2 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
17185 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
17187 the same terms as Perl itself.
17195 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rational numbers
17217 =item denominator()
17219 $d = $x->denominator();
17229 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
17237 =item is_positive()
17239 =item is_negative()
17263 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
17264 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(),
17265 blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial)
17275 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
17288 =item STRINGIFICATION
17292 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
17298 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
17300 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
17308 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
17316 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
17322 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
17324 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
17328 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
17330 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
17334 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
17336 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
17338 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
17339 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
17343 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
17349 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
17359 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
17377 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
17379 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
17383 =item OTHER FACILITIES
17389 =item C<flush_cache>
17395 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
17397 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
17405 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17411 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
17420 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
17431 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
17443 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
17451 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
17459 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
17468 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
17477 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
17485 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
17493 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17499 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17503 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17507 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
17518 =item Enforcing redispatch
17520 =item Avoiding repetitions
17522 =item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
17524 =item Using C<EVERY> methods
17530 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
17536 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
17546 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
17549 =item CLASS METHODS
17551 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
17552 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
17553 ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
17563 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
17573 requires_firewall HOST
17575 =item NetConfig VALUES
17577 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
17578 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
17579 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
17583 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
17592 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
17600 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
17612 new ([ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
17616 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
17617 site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
17618 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [,
17619 RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ), ls (
17620 [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ),
17621 put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE
17622 ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ),
17623 size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[
17624 BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ),
17625 stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (),
17626 pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique (
17627 SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ),
17632 =item Methods for the adventurous
17638 =item THE dataconn CLASS
17640 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
17641 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
17643 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
17645 B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
17647 =item REPORTING BUGS
17655 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/
17663 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
17673 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
17677 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
17678 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
17679 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
17680 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
17681 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
17682 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
17683 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
17687 =item Extension methods
17689 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
17690 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
17691 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
17692 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
17701 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
17711 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
17721 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] 0
17725 auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER
17726 [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), banner (), capa (), capabilities
17727 (), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ]
17728 ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ]
17729 ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
17741 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
17753 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
17754 ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
17755 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
17756 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
17757 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
17774 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
17786 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] )
17790 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), host (), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth (
17791 USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ),
17792 send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient (
17793 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS, [...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]]
17794 ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ),
17795 data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [
17796 $subject ] ), quit ()
17808 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
17816 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
17817 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
17825 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
17842 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
17850 =item Where to get this document
17852 =item How to contribute to this document
17856 =item Author and Copyright Information
17864 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
17868 =item What is libnet ?
17870 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
17872 =item What other modules do I need ?
17874 =item What machines support libnet ?
17876 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
17880 =item Using Net::FTP
17884 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
17886 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
17888 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
17890 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
17893 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
17895 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
17897 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
17899 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
17901 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
17903 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
17906 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
17908 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
17911 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
17914 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
17918 =item Using Net::SMTP
17922 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
17925 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
17927 =item The verify method always returns true ?
17931 =item Debugging scripts
17935 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
17939 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
17943 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
17960 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
17975 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
17992 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
18000 =item THE .netrc FILE
18002 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
18007 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
18011 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
18021 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
18031 =item IMPLEMENTATION
18039 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
18047 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
18053 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
18057 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
18061 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
18073 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
18075 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
18076 or optag, an operator set (opset)
18078 =item Opcode Functions
18080 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
18081 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
18082 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
18085 =item Manipulating Opsets
18087 =item TO DO (maybe)
18093 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
18095 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
18096 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
18097 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
18106 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
18115 a new namespace, an operator mask
18121 =item RECENT CHANGES
18123 =item Methods in class Safe
18125 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
18126 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
18127 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
18128 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
18130 =item Some Safety Issues
18132 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
18140 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
18153 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
18167 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
18168 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
18169 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
18170 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
18171 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
18172 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
18173 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
18174 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
18175 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
18176 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
18177 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
18178 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
18179 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
18180 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
18181 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
18182 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
18183 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
18184 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
18185 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
18186 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
18187 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
18188 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
18189 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
18190 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
18191 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
18198 =item POSIX::SigAction
18200 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
18202 =item POSIX::SigSet
18204 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
18206 =item POSIX::Termios
18208 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
18209 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
18210 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
18211 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
18212 values, c_oflag field values
18216 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
18220 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
18224 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
18278 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
18279 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
18283 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
18292 :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32
18296 =item Custom Layers
18300 =item Alternatives to raw
18302 =item Defaults and how to override them
18304 =item Querying the layers of filehandles
18314 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
18326 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO
18334 =item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
18338 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
18346 =item EXPECTED METHODS
18348 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
18349 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
18350 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
18351 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
18352 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
18353 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
18354 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
18355 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
18361 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
18367 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
18375 =item REQUIRED MODULES
18379 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
18385 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
18391 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
18397 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
18409 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
18410 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
18411 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
18412 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
18413 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
18414 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
18415 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
18416 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
18421 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
18422 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
18423 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
18424 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
18425 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
18426 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
18431 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
18432 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
18444 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
18446 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
18449 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
18451 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
18453 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
18455 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
18457 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
18459 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
18467 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
18479 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
18481 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
18488 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
18494 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
18496 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
18503 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
18515 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
18525 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir,
18526 htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot,
18527 quiet, recurse, title, verbose
18541 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
18554 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
18555 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
18561 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
18585 =item B<was_cutting()>
18591 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
18597 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
18603 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
18609 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
18615 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18621 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
18627 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
18633 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
18639 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
18645 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
18651 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
18657 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
18663 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
18669 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
18675 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
18681 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18687 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
18693 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
18699 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
18705 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
18711 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
18717 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
18723 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
18729 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
18735 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
18741 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
18747 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
18753 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18759 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
18771 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
18783 =item OBJECT METHODS
18791 =item Data Accessors
18807 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
18809 B<StartWithNewPage>
18823 =item Subclassed methods
18837 B<interior_sequence>
18853 =item Methods for headings
18861 =item Internal methods
18867 B<_replace_special_chars>
18869 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
18875 B<_clean_latex_commands>
18877 B<_split_delimited>
18893 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
18901 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
18906 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
18907 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
18908 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
18919 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18923 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
18935 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18939 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
18953 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
18961 $list-E<gt>indent()
18969 $list-E<gt>parent()
18975 =item Pod::Hyperlink
18977 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
18981 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
18983 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
18987 $link-E<gt>warning()
18989 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
18995 $link-E<gt>alttext()
19005 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
19011 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
19015 =item Pod::Cache::Item
19017 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
19021 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
19023 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
19025 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
19027 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
19029 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
19031 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
19033 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
19043 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
19055 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
19057 =item PARSING OPTIONS
19059 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
19060 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
19066 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
19074 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
19080 =item B<verbatim()>
19082 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
19088 =item B<textblock()>
19090 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
19096 =item B<interior_sequence()>
19102 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
19114 =item B<initialize()>
19120 =item B<begin_pod()>
19126 =item B<begin_input()>
19132 =item B<end_input()>
19144 =item B<preprocess_line()>
19150 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
19156 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
19162 =item B<parse_text()>
19164 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
19165 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
19166 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
19172 =item B<interpolate()>
19178 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
19184 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
19190 =item B<parse_from_file()>
19196 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
19202 =item B<errorsub()>
19214 =item B<parseopts()>
19220 =item B<output_file()>
19226 =item B<output_handle()>
19232 =item B<input_file()>
19238 =item B<input_handle()>
19244 =item B<input_streams()>
19250 =item B<top_stream()>
19256 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
19262 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
19268 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
19274 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
19282 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
19292 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19298 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
19310 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19316 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
19328 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19334 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
19344 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19350 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
19360 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19366 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
19378 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19384 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
19398 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
19408 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19414 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
19422 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
19426 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
19427 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
19439 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
19459 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
19472 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
19474 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
19480 =item OBJECT METHODS
19486 =item B<curr_headings()>
19498 =item B<add_selection()>
19504 =item B<clear_selections()>
19510 =item B<match_section()>
19516 =item B<is_selected()>
19522 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
19528 =item B<podselect()>
19530 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
19536 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
19542 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
19548 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
19554 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
19566 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
19574 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
19578 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
19579 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
19580 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
19591 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19595 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
19609 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19613 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
19628 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19632 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
19647 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19651 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
19660 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
19669 =item Recommended Use
19677 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
19681 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
19689 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
19695 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
19699 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
19703 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
19711 a new namespace, an operator mask
19717 =item RECENT CHANGES
19719 =item Methods in class Safe
19721 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
19722 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
19723 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
19724 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
19726 =item Some Safety Issues
19728 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
19736 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
19744 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
19745 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
19746 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
19756 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
19766 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
19776 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
19786 =item The __DATA__ token
19788 =item SelfLoader autoloading
19790 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
19792 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
19794 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
19796 =item Classes and inherited methods.
19800 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
19804 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
19814 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
19822 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
19823 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
19831 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
19832 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
19833 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
19834 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
19835 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
19839 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
19849 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
19853 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
19855 =item CODE REFERENCES
19857 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
19859 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
19861 =item ERROR REPORTING
19869 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
19874 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
19875 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
19883 =item Storable magic
19893 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
19905 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
19919 =item Allowing fall-through
19921 =item Automating fall-through
19923 =item Alternative syntax
19925 =item Higher-order Operations
19941 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
19953 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
19965 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
19966 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19974 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19975 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19976 in 5.004_02), closelog
19986 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
19987 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19995 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19996 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19997 in 5.004_02), closelog
20007 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
20017 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
20018 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
20019 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
20023 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
20033 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20037 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
20053 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
20055 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
20057 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
20059 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
20067 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20075 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
20083 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
20093 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
20094 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
20102 =item Minimal set of supported functions
20104 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
20105 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
20107 =item Additional supported functions
20109 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
20119 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
20127 =item QUICK START GUIDE
20133 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
20134 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
20144 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
20150 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
20154 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
20164 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
20184 =item Setting up tests
20202 =item Running tests
20208 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
20210 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
20236 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
20248 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
20252 =item Test Status and Info
20286 =head2 Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
20302 =item The test script output
20304 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
20305 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
20310 =item Configuration variables.
20312 B<$Test::Harness::Verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
20316 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
20343 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
20344 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
20345 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
20346 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
20350 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
20351 C<HARNESS_DEBUG>, C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>,
20352 C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_OK_SLOW>, C<HARNESS_PERL>,
20353 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
20373 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
20399 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
20417 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
20455 =item C<analyze_fh>
20461 =item C<analyze_file>
20467 =item C<_command_line( $file )>
20485 =item C<_cleaned_switches>
20491 =item C<_INC2PERL5LIB>
20497 =item C<_filtered_INC>
20503 =item C<_restore_PERL5LIB>
20513 =item C<_is_comment>
20521 =item C<_is_header>
20533 =item C<_is_bail_out>
20539 =item C<_reset_file_state>
20549 =item C<_detailize>
20565 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
20575 =item I love it when a plan comes together
20585 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
20625 =item Conditional tests
20631 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
20633 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
20637 =item Comparison functions
20651 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
20661 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
20663 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
20676 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
20700 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
20709 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
20717 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
20719 =item Where to start?
20723 =item Test the manual
20725 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
20727 =item Testing lots of values
20729 =item Informative names
20731 =item Skipping tests
20735 =item Testing with taint mode.
20747 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
20759 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
20769 =item General behaviour in list contexts
20773 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
20775 =item A note about prefixes
20777 =item C<extract_delimited>
20779 =item C<extract_bracketed>
20781 =item C<extract_variable>
20785 =item C<extract_tagged>
20787 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
20788 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
20790 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
20792 =item C<extract_quotelike>
20794 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
20796 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
20798 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
20800 =item C<extract_codeblock>
20802 =item C<extract_multiple>
20804 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
20810 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
20811 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
20812 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
20813 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
20814 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
20815 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
20816 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
20817 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
20818 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
20819 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
20820 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
20821 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
20826 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
20832 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
20847 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
20864 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
20879 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
20895 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
20907 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
20908 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
20909 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
20913 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
20921 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
20929 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20931 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
20937 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
20945 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20947 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
20951 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
20966 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
20976 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
20984 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
20985 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
20986 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
20987 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
20995 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
21015 =item Option Format
21019 =item Public Methods
21027 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
21033 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
21035 =item Deferred Writing
21039 =item Autodeferring
21043 =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
21049 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
21063 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
21072 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
21073 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
21074 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
21075 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
21077 =item MORE INFORMATION
21079 =item COMPATIBILITY
21083 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
21092 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
21093 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR
21096 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
21098 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
21100 =item C<SCALAR>, C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
21102 =item MORE INFORMATION
21106 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
21114 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
21124 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
21142 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
21151 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
21153 =item MORE INFORMATION
21157 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
21169 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
21178 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
21179 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
21180 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer (
21181 $which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer (
21192 =item negative time not invented yet
21194 =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
21202 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21206 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
21216 =item Ambiguous Local Times (DST)
21218 =item Non-Existent Local Times (DST)
21220 =item Negative Epoch Values
21224 =item IMPLEMENTATION
21234 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
21249 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
21264 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
21276 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
21284 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<isa( VAL, TYPE )>,
21285 C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<<
21286 CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<can( VAL, METHOD )>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
21292 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
21302 =item Constructor and Tailoring
21304 UCA_Version, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreName, ignoreChar,
21305 level, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange,
21306 table, undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower,
21307 variable, alternate
21309 =item Methods for Collation
21311 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
21312 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
21313 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
21314 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
21315 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
21316 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
21317 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
21319 =item Methods for Searching
21321 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
21322 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
21323 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
21324 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
21325 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
21326 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
21327 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
21329 =item Other Methods
21331 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, C<$version =
21332 $Collator-E<gt>version()>, C<UCA_Version()>, C<Base_Unicode_Version()>
21338 =item Conformance Test
21346 Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation
21347 Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable
21348 Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15, L<Unicode::Normalize>
21352 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
21362 =item Normalization Forms
21364 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
21365 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
21366 C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>, C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>,
21367 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
21369 =item Decomposition and Composition
21371 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
21372 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
21373 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
21377 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
21378 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
21379 checkFCD($string)>, C<$result = checkFCC($string)>, C<$result =
21380 check($form_name, $string)>
21382 =item Character Data
21384 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
21385 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
21386 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
21387 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
21388 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
21389 C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
21390 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
21400 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/,
21401 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt,
21402 http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/
21406 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
21448 =item Blocks versus Scripts
21450 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
21452 =item Code Point Arguments
21478 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
21484 =item Implementation Note
21496 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
21511 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
21522 =item System Specifics
21536 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
21546 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
21548 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
21552 =item Order of initialization: early load()
21556 =item The most hairy case
21566 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
21568 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
21569 don't all have manual pages yet:
21603 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob