4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
365 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
366 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
367 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
368 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
369 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
370 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
371 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
372 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
373 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
374 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
375 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
376 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
377 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
378 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
379 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
380 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
381 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
382 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
383 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
384 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
385 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
386 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
387 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
388 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
389 study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
390 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
391 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
392 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
393 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
394 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
395 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
396 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
397 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
398 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
399 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
400 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
401 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
402 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
403 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
409 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
415 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
423 =item Making References
425 =item Using References
443 =item Distribution Conditions
449 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
455 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
456 more elaborate constructs
460 =item COMMON MISTAKES
462 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
464 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
470 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
474 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
476 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
478 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
482 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
486 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
488 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
490 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
494 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
498 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
500 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
502 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
506 =item HASHES OF HASHES
510 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
512 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
514 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
518 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
522 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
524 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
526 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
538 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
548 =item Simple word matching
550 =item Using character classes
552 =item Matching this or that
554 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
556 =item Extracting matches
558 =item Matching repetitions
562 =item Search and replace
564 =item The split operator
572 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
576 =item Acknowledgments
582 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
590 =item Verbatim Paragraph
592 =item Command Paragraph
594 =item Ordinary Block of Text
598 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
600 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
610 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
618 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
636 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
638 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
639 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
640 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
641 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
643 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
645 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
646 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
647 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
651 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
653 =item Numerical Traps
655 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
657 =item General data type traps
659 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
660 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
662 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
664 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
666 =item Precedence Traps
668 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
671 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
673 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
674 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
677 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
679 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
685 =item Interpolation Traps
687 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
694 =item Unclassified Traps
696 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
703 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
713 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
715 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
717 =item Location of Perl
719 =item Command Switches
721 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
722 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
723 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
724 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
725 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
726 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
733 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
734 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
735 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
739 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
747 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
755 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
757 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
759 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
763 =item Backward Compatibility
765 =item Category Hierarchy
769 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
781 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
789 =item Looking at data and -w and w
793 =item Stepping through code
795 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
797 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
815 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
821 =item The Perl Debugger
825 =item Debugger Commands
827 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
828 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
829 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
830 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
831 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
832 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
833 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
834 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
835 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
837 =item Configurable Options
839 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
840 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
841 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
842 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
843 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
844 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
846 =item Debugger input/output
848 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
851 =item Debugging compile-time statements
853 =item Debugger Customization
855 =item Readline Support
857 =item Editor Support for Debugging
859 =item The Perl Profiler
863 =item Debugging regular expressions
865 =item Debugging memory usage
873 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
881 =item Predefined Names
883 $ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
884 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
885 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
886 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
887 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
888 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
890 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
891 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
892 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
894 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
895 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
896 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
897 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
898 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
899 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
900 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
901 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
902 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
903 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
904 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
905 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
906 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
907 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
908 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
909 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
910 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
911 %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
913 =item Error Indicators
915 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
923 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
929 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
931 =item Growing Your Own
933 =item Access and Printing
943 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
949 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
959 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
965 =item Open E<agrave> la C
969 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
973 =item Obscure Open Tricks
977 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
979 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
983 =item Single Argument Open
985 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
989 =item Other I/O Issues
993 =item Opening Non-File Files
1003 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1009 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1015 =item Part 1: The basics
1019 =item Simple word matching
1021 =item Using character classes
1023 =item Matching this or that
1025 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1027 =item Extracting matches
1029 =item Matching repetitions
1031 =item Building a regexp
1033 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1037 =item Part 2: Power tools
1041 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1043 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1045 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1047 =item Non-capturing groupings
1049 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1051 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1053 =item Conditional expressions
1055 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1057 =item Pragmas and debugging
1065 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1069 =item Acknowledgments
1075 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1085 =item Regular Expressions
1087 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1089 =item Extended Patterns
1091 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1092 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1093 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1094 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1098 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1100 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1102 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1104 =item Combining pieces together
1106 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1107 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1108 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1109 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1111 =item Creating custom RE engines
1121 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1131 =item Making References
1133 =item Using References
1135 =item Symbolic references
1137 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1139 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1141 =item Function Templates
1151 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1159 =item Format Variables
1169 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1177 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1185 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1187 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1189 =item Invoking a barnyard
1191 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1193 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1195 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1197 =item A few notes about @ISA
1199 =item Overriding the methods
1201 =item Starting the search from a different place
1203 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1205 =item Where we're at so far...
1207 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1209 =item Invoking an instance method
1211 =item Accessing the instance data
1213 =item How to build a horse
1215 =item Inheriting the constructor
1217 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1219 =item Adding parameters to a method
1221 =item More interesting instances
1223 =item A horse of a different color
1235 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1241 =item Creating a Class
1245 =item Object Representation
1247 =item Class Interface
1249 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1251 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1255 =item Other Object Methods
1263 =item Accessing Class Data
1265 =item Debugging Methods
1267 =item Class Destructors
1269 =item Documenting the Interface
1279 =item Overridden Methods
1281 =item Multiple Inheritance
1283 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1287 =item Alternate Object Representations
1291 =item Arrays as Objects
1293 =item Closures as Objects
1297 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1301 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1303 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1307 =item Metaclassical Tools
1313 =item Data Members as Variables
1321 =item Object Terminology
1327 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1333 =item Acknowledgments
1339 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1345 =item Class Data in a Can
1347 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1351 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1353 =item Inheritance Concerns
1355 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1357 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1359 =item Monadic Classes
1361 =item Translucent Attributes
1365 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1369 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1371 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1373 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1375 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1377 =item Translucency Revisited
1385 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1387 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1393 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1401 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1403 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1405 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1407 =item Method Invocation
1411 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1413 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1419 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1427 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1433 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1435 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1437 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1439 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1441 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1443 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1445 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1447 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1449 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1451 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1457 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1469 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1474 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1475 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1476 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1477 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1482 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1483 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1484 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1486 =item Tying FileHandles
1488 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1489 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1494 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1506 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1507 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1523 =item Using open() for IPC
1529 =item Background Processes
1531 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1533 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1535 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1537 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1541 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1545 =item Internet Line Terminators
1547 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1549 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1553 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1557 =item A Simple Client
1559 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1561 =item A Webget Client
1563 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1567 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1569 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1571 =item UDP: Message Passing
1585 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1595 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1597 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1598 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1599 files, directories and network sockets
1601 =item Resource limits
1603 =item Killing the parent process
1605 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1607 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1609 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1610 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1611 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1623 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1631 =item Storing numbers
1633 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1635 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1637 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1638 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1639 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1648 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1654 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1656 =item Threaded Program Models
1668 =item Native threads
1670 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1672 =item Threadsafe Modules
1678 =item Basic Thread Support
1680 =item Creating Threads
1682 =item Giving up control
1684 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1686 =item Errors In Threads
1688 =item Ignoring A Thread
1692 =item Threads And Data
1696 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1698 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1700 =item Controlling access: lock()
1702 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1704 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1708 =item Threads And Code
1712 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1714 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1716 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1718 =item Subroutine Locks
1722 =item Locking A Subroutine
1726 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1730 =item What Thread Am I In?
1734 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1736 =item What Threads Are Running?
1740 =item A Complete Example
1748 =item Introductory Texts
1750 =item OS-Related References
1752 =item Other References
1756 =item Acknowledgements
1764 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1770 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1779 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1781 =item Files and Filesystems
1783 =item System Interaction
1785 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1787 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1789 =item Standard Modules
1793 =item Character sets and character encoding
1795 =item Internationalisation
1797 =item System Resources
1807 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1808 http://testers.cpan.org/
1816 =item DOS and Derivatives
1818 Build instructions for OS/2, L<perlos2>
1826 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1834 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1838 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1840 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1841 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1842 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1843 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1844 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1845 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1846 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1847 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1848 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1849 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1850 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1851 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1852 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1853 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1854 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1855 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1856 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1857 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1858 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1859 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair
1860 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat,
1861 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1862 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1863 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1864 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1870 v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999,
1871 v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May
1872 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December
1873 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August
1874 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998,
1877 =item Supported Platforms
1881 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1887 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1894 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1900 =item The use locale pragma
1902 =item The setlocale function
1904 =item Finding locales
1906 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1908 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1910 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1912 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1914 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1916 =item The localeconv function
1920 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1924 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1926 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1928 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1930 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1934 =item Other categories
1942 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1943 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1949 =item Backward compatibility
1951 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1953 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1955 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1957 =item Freely available locale definitions
1961 =item An imperfect standard
1969 =item Broken systems
1979 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1987 =item Important Caveat
1989 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1990 to enable a few features
1992 =item Byte and Character semantics
1994 =item Effects of character semantics
1996 =item Character encodings for input and output
2006 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2012 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2020 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2024 =item 13 variant characters
2034 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2036 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4
2038 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2052 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2054 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2056 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2058 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2066 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2068 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2070 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2072 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2076 =item TRANFORMATION FORMATS
2080 =item URL decoding and encoding
2082 =item uu encoding and decoding
2084 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2086 =item Caesarian cyphers
2090 =item Hashing order and checksums
2094 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2106 chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales
2124 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2132 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2134 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2136 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2140 =item Protecting Your Programs
2148 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2160 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2172 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2178 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2182 =item Pragmatic Modules
2184 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2185 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2186 perlio, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register
2188 =item Standard Modules
2190 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2191 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
2192 B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark,
2193 ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast,
2194 CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox,
2195 Carp, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle,
2196 Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2197 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed,
2198 ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2199 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2200 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
2201 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
2202 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob,
2203 File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc,
2204 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2205 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2206 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
2207 I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2208 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent,
2209 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find,
2210 Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils,
2211 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2212 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver,
2213 SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2214 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
2215 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
2216 Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2217 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent,
2220 =item Extension Modules
2226 Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, North America, South
2229 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2233 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2235 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
2236 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
2237 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
2238 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
2239 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
2240 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
2241 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
2242 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
2243 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
2244 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
2245 care when changing a released module
2247 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2249 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
2250 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
2251 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
2252 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
2254 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2262 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2272 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2273 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2287 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2297 =item What should I make into a module?
2299 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2301 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2303 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2305 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2306 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!,
2307 Use L<plain old documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2309 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2311 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2312 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2322 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2323 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2333 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2335 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2337 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2339 =item What is perl6?
2341 =item How stable is Perl?
2343 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2345 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2348 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2350 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2352 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2354 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2356 =item What is a JAPH?
2358 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2360 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2361 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2365 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2369 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2370 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2378 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2380 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2382 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2384 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2387 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2388 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2390 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2391 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2393 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2395 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2397 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2399 =item Where should I post source code?
2403 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2405 =item Perl in Magazines
2407 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2409 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2411 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2413 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2415 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2417 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2421 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2425 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2434 =item How do I do (anything)?
2436 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2438 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2440 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2442 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2444 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2446 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2448 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2450 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2452 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2454 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2456 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2458 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2460 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2462 =item What is undump?
2464 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2466 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2468 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2470 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2472 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2474 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2476 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2478 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2480 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2482 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2484 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2486 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2488 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2490 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2492 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2493 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2495 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2498 =item What's MakeMaker?
2502 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2506 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2517 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2518 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2520 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2522 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2525 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2527 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2529 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2531 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2533 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2535 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2543 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2545 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2547 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2549 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2551 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2553 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2555 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2563 =item How do I validate input?
2565 =item How do I unescape a string?
2567 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2569 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2571 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2573 =item How do I reverse a string?
2575 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2577 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2579 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2581 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2583 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2586 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2588 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2589 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2591 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2593 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2595 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2597 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2599 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2601 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2603 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2605 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2606 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2615 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2617 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2619 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2623 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2625 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2626 intersection of two arrays?
2628 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2630 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2632 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2634 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2636 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2638 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2640 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2642 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2644 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2646 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2648 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2652 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2656 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2658 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2661 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2663 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2665 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2667 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2669 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2671 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2673 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2675 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2677 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2679 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2681 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2684 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2685 array of hashes or arrays?
2687 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2695 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2697 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2699 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2701 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2703 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2705 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2707 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2711 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2715 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2724 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2726 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2727 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2729 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2731 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2733 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2735 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2736 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2738 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2740 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2742 =item How can I write() into a string?
2744 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2746 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2748 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2750 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2752 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2754 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2756 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2758 =item How can I lock a file?
2760 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2762 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2763 the file. How can I do this?
2765 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2767 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2769 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2771 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2773 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2775 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2777 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2779 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2781 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2783 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2785 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2787 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2788 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2790 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2792 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2793 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2795 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2797 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2801 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2805 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2813 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2814 and unmaintainable code?
2816 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2818 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2820 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2823 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2825 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2828 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2830 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2832 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2834 =item What is C</o> really for?
2836 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2839 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2841 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2843 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2845 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2847 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2849 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2851 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2853 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2855 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2857 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2859 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2861 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2863 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2867 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2871 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2872 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2880 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2882 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2885 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2888 =item How do I skip some return values?
2890 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2892 =item What's an extension?
2894 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2896 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2898 =item How do I create a module?
2900 =item How do I create a class?
2902 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2904 =item What's a closure?
2906 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2908 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2911 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2914 =item How do I create a static variable?
2916 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2917 Between local() and my()?
2919 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2922 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2924 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2926 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2928 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2930 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2932 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2934 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2936 =item How can I find out my current package?
2938 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2940 =item How do I clear a package?
2942 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2946 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2950 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2959 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2961 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2963 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
2965 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
2967 =item How do I print something out in color?
2969 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
2971 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
2973 =item How do I clear the screen?
2975 =item How do I get the screen size?
2977 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
2979 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
2981 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
2983 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
2985 =item How do I start a process in the background?
2987 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
2989 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
2991 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
2993 =item How do I set the time and date?
2995 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
2997 =item How can I measure time under a second?
2999 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3001 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3002 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3004 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3006 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3008 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3010 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3012 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3014 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3016 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3018 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3020 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3022 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3025 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3027 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3029 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3031 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3034 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3035 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3036 changes to be visible?
3040 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3043 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3045 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3047 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3049 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3051 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3053 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3055 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3057 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3059 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3061 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3063 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3065 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3068 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3070 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3074 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3078 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3087 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3090 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3092 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3094 =item How do I extract URLs?
3096 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3097 file on another machine?
3099 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3101 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3103 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3105 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3107 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3109 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3111 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3113 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3114 CGI script to do bad things?
3116 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3118 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3120 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3122 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3124 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3126 =item How do I send mail?
3128 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3130 =item How do I read mail?
3132 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3134 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3136 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3138 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3142 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3146 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3156 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3160 =item Using The Back Ends
3164 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3168 =item The Decompiling Back End
3170 =item The Lint Back End
3172 =item The Simple C Back End
3174 =item The Bytecode Back End
3176 =item The Optimized C Back End
3178 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3179 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3180 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3184 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3190 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3200 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3201 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3205 =item Compiling your C program
3207 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3209 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3211 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3213 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3215 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3217 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3219 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3221 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3226 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3236 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3242 =item Debugger Internals
3246 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3250 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3252 =item Debugging regular expressions
3256 =item Compile-time output
3258 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3259 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3260 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3263 =item Types of nodes
3265 =item Run-time output
3269 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3273 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3275 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3276 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3279 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3281 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3283 =item B<-DL> details
3287 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3295 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3307 =item Version caveat
3309 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3321 =item What has gone on?
3323 =item Writing good test scripts
3327 =item What's new here?
3329 =item Input and Output Parameters
3331 =item The XSUBPP Program
3333 =item The TYPEMAP file
3335 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3339 =item What has happened here?
3341 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3343 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3345 =item More about XSUB arguments
3347 =item The Argument Stack
3349 =item Extending your Extension
3351 =item Documenting your Extension
3353 =item Installing your Extension
3357 =item New Things in this Example
3361 =item New Things in this Example
3363 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3365 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3367 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3369 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3385 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3397 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3399 =item The Argument Stack
3401 =item The RETVAL Variable
3403 =item The MODULE Keyword
3405 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3407 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3409 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3411 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3413 =item The CODE: Keyword
3415 =item The INIT: Keyword
3417 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3419 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3421 =item Default Parameter Values
3423 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3425 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3427 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3429 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3431 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3433 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3435 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3437 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3439 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3441 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3443 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3445 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3447 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3449 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3451 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3453 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3455 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3457 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3459 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3461 =item The CASE: Keyword
3463 =item The & Unary Operator
3465 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3467 =item Using XS With C++
3469 =item Interface Strategy
3471 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3485 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3495 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3497 =item File Operations
3499 =item File Input and Output
3501 =item File Positioning
3503 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3505 =item Character Class Tests
3507 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3509 =item Miscellaneous functions
3517 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3529 =item What is an "IV"?
3531 =item Working with SVs
3535 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3537 =item Working with AVs
3539 =item Working with HVs
3541 =item Hash API Extensions
3545 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3547 =item Creating New Variables
3549 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3551 =item Stashes and Globs
3553 =item Double-Typed SVs
3555 =item Magic Variables
3557 =item Assigning Magic
3559 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3563 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3565 =item Localizing changes
3567 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3568 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP
3569 *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char
3570 *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void
3571 *p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>,
3572 C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV
3573 *gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32
3574 maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>,
3575 C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3583 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3585 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3587 =item Memory Allocation
3591 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3595 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3605 =item Examining the tree
3607 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3609 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3611 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3613 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3617 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3619 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3623 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3625 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3627 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3631 =item Internal Functions
3633 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, m, o, j, x
3637 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3639 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3641 =item Source Documentation
3645 =item Unicode Support
3649 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3651 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3653 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3655 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3657 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3659 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3669 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3675 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3677 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3679 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3699 =item Determining the Context
3703 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3709 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3711 =item Passing Parameters
3713 =item Returning a Scalar
3715 =item Returning a list of values
3717 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3719 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3723 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3727 =item Using call_argv
3729 =item Using call_method
3733 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3735 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3737 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3738 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3741 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3743 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3755 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3765 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3766 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3767 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3768 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3772 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3776 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3777 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3785 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3795 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3797 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3799 B<Decryption Filters>
3801 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3803 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3805 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3817 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3825 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3826 B<filter_fetch_value>
3832 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3834 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3844 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3850 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3851 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3852 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv,
3853 CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS,
3854 dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS,
3855 get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
3856 gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY,
3857 G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
3858 HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear,
3859 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3860 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3861 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3862 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
3863 ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
3864 mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB,
3865 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf,
3866 newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto,
3867 Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc,
3868 perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
3869 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn,
3870 POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
3871 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
3872 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
3873 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
3874 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
3875 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
3876 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
3877 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
3878 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
3879 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
3880 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV,
3881 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
3882 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
3883 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
3884 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec,
3885 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
3886 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy,
3887 sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
3888 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3889 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3890 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3891 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
3892 sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
3893 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
3894 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER,
3895 utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uv,
3896 utf8_to_uv_simple, uv_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs,
3897 XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
3898 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO,
3899 XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
3908 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3915 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3916 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, start_glob
3924 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3934 =item History and Background
3936 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3938 =item Data Structures
3940 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
3941 data for a particular handle
3943 =item Functions and Attributes
3945 1. Opening and setup functions, 2. Basic IO operations, 3. Stdio class
3946 buffering options, 4. Functions to support Perl's traditional "fast" access
3949 =item Per-instance Data
3951 =item Layers in action.
3953 =item Per-instance flag bits
3955 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
3956 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
3957 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
3958 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
3960 =item Methods in Detail
3962 IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Fdopen)(PerlIO_funcs
3963 *tab, int fd, const char *mode);, PerlIO * (*Open)(PerlIO_funcs *tab,
3964 const char *path, const char *mode);, int (*Reopen)(const char
3965 *path, const char *mode, PerlIO *f);, IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO
3966 *f,const char *mode,const char *arg,STRLEN len);, IV
3967 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t
3968 count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);,
3969 SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV
3970 (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t offset, int whence);, Off_t
3971 (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3972 (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3973 (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void
3974 (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);,
3975 STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);, Size_t
3976 (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
3977 (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR
3982 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
3984 =item Extension Layers
3992 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4000 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4001 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4002 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4003 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4004 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4005 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4006 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4007 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4008 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4009 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4010 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4014 =item Co-existence with stdio
4016 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4017 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4019 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4021 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4022 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4023 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4024 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4026 =item Other Functions
4028 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4029 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4035 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4041 =item Infrastructure
4045 =item Mailing list archives
4047 =item Bug tracking system
4049 =item Regression Tests
4051 Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to
4072 Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs
4076 =item Perl Internals
4082 =item Garbage Collection
4084 =item Reliable signals
4086 Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed
4087 sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN
4089 =item Interpolated regex performance bugs
4091 =item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
4093 =item Make XS easier to use
4095 =item Make embedded Perl easier to use
4097 =item Namespace cleanup
4109 =item A clear division into tutorial and reference
4111 =item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions
4113 =item More tutorials
4115 Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging
4117 =item Include a search tool
4119 =item Include a locate tool
4121 =item Separate function manpages by default
4123 =item Users can't find the manpages
4125 =item Install ALL Documentation
4127 =item Outstanding issues to be documented
4129 =item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
4131 =item Replace man with a perl program
4133 =item Unicode tutorial
4141 =item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2
4143 =item Module versions
4151 VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice
4153 =item Procedural options
4157 =item y2k localtime/gmtime
4159 =item Export File::Find variables
4163 =item Debugger attach/detach
4165 =item Regular Expression debugger
4167 =item Alternative RE Syntax
4169 =item Bundled modules
4175 =item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
4191 =item POSIX on non-POSIX
4193 =item Portable installations
4201 =item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
4203 =item Sort out the spawnvp() mess
4205 =item Work out DLL versioning
4211 =item Would be nice to have
4213 C<pack "(stuff)*">, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled
4214 perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format
4215 BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input
4216 should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun
4217 debugger, lvalue functions
4219 =item Possible pragmas
4231 =item constant function cache
4233 =item foreach(reverse...)
4235 =item Cache eval tree
4239 =item Shrink opcode tables
4241 =item Cache hash value
4243 =item Optimize away @_ where possible
4245 =item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
4247 =item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization
4251 =item Vague possibilities
4253 ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?,
4254 Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real
4255 threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al
4257 =item To Do Or Not To Do
4261 =item Making my() work on "package" variables
4263 =item "or" testing defined not truth
4265 =item "dynamic" lexicals
4267 =item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals"
4283 =item External threads
4289 =item Per-thread GVs
4301 =item Precompiled modules
4305 =item Typed lexicals
4315 =item Cached compilation
4319 =item Recently Finished Tasks
4323 =item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
4329 =item Namespace cleanup
4341 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4347 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4348 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4349 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4350 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4351 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4352 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4353 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4357 =item Keeping in sync
4359 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4360 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4361 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4362 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4364 =item Submitting patches
4366 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4367 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4369 =item Finding Your Way Around
4371 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4373 =item Elements of the interpreter
4375 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4377 =item Internal Variable Types
4383 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4385 =item Millions of Macros
4387 =item Poking at Perl
4389 =item Using a source-level debugger
4391 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4392 finish, 'enter', print
4394 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4400 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4404 =item Rational Software's Purify
4406 =item Purify on Unix
4408 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4412 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4416 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4424 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4432 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4444 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4446 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4450 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4454 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4460 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4462 =item Incompatible Changes
4464 =item Core Enhancements
4466 =item Modules and Pragmata
4472 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4476 =item Utility Changes
4478 =item New Documentation
4480 =item Performance Enhancements
4482 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4486 =item Generic Improvements
4490 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4494 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4498 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4500 =item Changed Internals
4502 =item Known Problems
4506 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4508 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4510 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4512 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4514 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4516 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4518 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4520 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4522 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4524 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4526 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4530 =item Reporting Bugs
4538 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4544 =item Core Enhancements
4548 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4550 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4552 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4554 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4556 =item "our" declarations
4558 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4560 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4562 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4564 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4566 =item open() with more than two arguments
4568 =item 64-bit support
4570 =item Large file support
4576 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4578 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4580 =item File globbing implemented internally
4582 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4584 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4586 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4588 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4590 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4592 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4594 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4596 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4598 =item Comments in pack() templates
4600 =item Weak references
4602 =item Binary numbers supported
4604 =item Lvalue subroutines
4606 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4608 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4610 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4612 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4614 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4616 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4618 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4620 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4622 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4624 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4626 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4628 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4630 =item Improved diagnostics
4632 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4634 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4636 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4638 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4640 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4642 =item Improved security features
4644 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4646 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4648 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4650 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4652 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4654 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4656 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
4660 =item Modules and Pragmata
4666 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
4667 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
4668 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
4669 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
4670 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
4671 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
4672 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
4673 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
4679 =item Utility Changes
4693 =item The Perl Debugger
4697 =item Improved Documentation
4699 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
4700 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
4701 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
4702 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
4704 =item Performance enhancements
4708 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
4710 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
4712 =item Faster subroutine calls
4714 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
4718 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4722 =item -Dusethreads means something different
4724 =item New Configure flags
4726 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
4732 =item -Duselargefiles
4734 =item installusrbinperl
4740 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
4744 =item Platform specific changes
4748 =item Supported platforms
4752 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
4760 =item Significant bug fixes
4764 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
4766 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
4768 =item All compilation errors are true errors
4770 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
4772 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
4774 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
4776 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
4778 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
4780 =item Failures in DESTROY()
4782 =item Locale bugs fixed
4786 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
4788 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
4790 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
4792 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
4796 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4798 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
4799 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
4800 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
4801 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
4802 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
4803 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
4804 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
4805 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
4806 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
4807 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
4808 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
4809 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
4810 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
4811 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
4812 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
4813 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
4814 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
4815 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
4816 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
4817 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
4818 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
4819 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
4820 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
4821 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
4822 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
4823 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
4824 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
4825 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
4826 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
4827 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
4828 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
4829 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
4830 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
4831 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
4832 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
4833 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
4834 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
4835 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
4836 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
4837 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
4838 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
4839 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
4840 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
4841 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
4842 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
4843 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
4844 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
4845 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
4846 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
4847 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
4851 =item Incompatible Changes
4855 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
4857 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
4858 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
4859 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
4860 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
4861 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
4862 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
4863 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
4864 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
4865 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
4866 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
4867 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
4869 =item C Source Incompatibilities
4871 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
4873 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
4875 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
4877 =item Binary Incompatibilities
4881 =item Known Problems
4885 =item Thread test failures
4887 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
4889 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
4891 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
4893 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
4896 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
4898 =item Arrow operator and arrays
4900 =item Experimental features
4902 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
4903 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
4904 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
4908 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
4910 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
4911 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
4912 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
4913 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
4915 =item Reporting Bugs
4923 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
4929 =item About the new versioning system
4931 =item Incompatible Changes
4935 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
4937 =item Default installation structure has changed
4939 =item Perl Source Compatibility
4941 =item C Source Compatibility
4943 =item Binary Compatibility
4945 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
4947 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
4961 =item Regular Expressions
4963 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
4964 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
4965 improvements, Incompatible changes
4967 =item Improved malloc()
4969 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
4971 =item Reliable signals
4973 =item Reliable stack pointers
4975 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
4979 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
4981 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
4983 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
4985 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
4987 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
4989 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
4991 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
4993 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
4995 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
4997 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
4999 =item Better locale support
5001 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5003 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5005 =item Extended support for exception handling
5007 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5009 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5011 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5013 =item New C<lock> keyword
5015 =item New C<qr//> operator
5017 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5019 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5021 =item Tied handles support is better
5023 =item 4th argument to substr
5025 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5027 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5029 =item <> now reads in records
5033 =item Supported Platforms
5039 =item Changes in existing support
5043 =item Modules and Pragmata
5049 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5050 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5051 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5053 =item Changes in existing modules
5055 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5056 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark
5060 =item Utility Changes
5062 =item Documentation Changes
5064 =item New Diagnostics
5066 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5067 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5068 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5069 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5070 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5071 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5072 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5073 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5074 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5075 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5076 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5077 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5078 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5079 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5080 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5081 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5082 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5084 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5086 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5087 temporary file, regexp too big
5089 =item Configuration Changes
5099 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5105 =item Supported Environments
5111 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5113 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5115 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5117 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5119 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5121 =item More precise warnings
5123 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5125 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5127 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5129 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5131 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5133 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5135 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5137 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5139 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5141 =item Changes to tainting checks
5143 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5144 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5146 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5148 =item Embedding improvements
5150 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5152 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5154 =item New and changed syntax
5158 =item New and changed builtin constants
5162 =item New and changed builtin variables
5166 =item New and changed builtin functions
5168 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5169 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5170 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5171 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5172 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5174 =item New builtin methods
5176 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5178 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5180 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5181 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5183 =item Malloc enhancements
5185 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5187 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5191 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5207 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5208 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5214 =item Required Updates
5216 =item Installation directories
5218 =item Module information summary
5232 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5236 =item Utility Changes
5242 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5246 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5250 =item C Language API Changes
5252 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5255 =item Documentation Changes
5257 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5258 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5260 =item New Diagnostics
5262 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5263 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5264 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5265 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5266 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5267 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5268 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5269 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5270 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5271 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5272 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5273 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5274 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5275 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5276 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5277 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5278 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5279 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5280 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5281 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5282 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5283 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5284 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5285 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5286 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5296 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5304 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5308 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5310 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5312 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5314 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5320 =item GDBM and Threads
5322 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5332 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5348 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5350 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5352 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5358 =item Accessing documentation
5366 =item B<GNU> C<info> files
5378 =item Getting the perl source
5382 sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib
5386 =item Installing the built perl
5396 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5418 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell
5420 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5422 =item Floating point anomalies
5440 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5450 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5452 =item Cygwin Configuration
5454 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5462 =item Strip Binaries
5464 =item Optional Libraries
5466 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5467 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5469 =item Configure-time Options
5471 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5472 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5474 =item Suspicious Warnings
5476 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5494 =item File Permissions
5498 =item Filetime Granularity
5500 =item Tainting Checks
5504 =item Script Portability
5506 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5514 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5515 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5525 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5533 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5535 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
5537 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
5539 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5543 =item I/O Redirection
5553 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5557 =item SUPPORT STATUS
5565 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5574 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5584 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5586 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5588 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5590 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5596 =item GDBM and Threads
5598 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5600 =item perl -P and //
5610 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
5619 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
5621 =item Failures during C<make test>
5623 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
5625 =item Building external modules
5635 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
5643 =item System Requirements
5645 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
5647 =item Distribution Contents Highlights
5649 README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6
5651 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
5653 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
5655 =item Change History
5659 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
5679 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
5681 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
5683 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
5687 =item Frequently asked questions
5691 =item I cannot run external programs
5693 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
5696 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
5699 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
5701 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
5709 =item Automatic binary installation
5711 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
5713 =item Manual binary installation
5715 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
5716 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
5717 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
5718 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
5719 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
5725 =item Accessing documentation
5729 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
5737 =item GNU C<info> files
5751 =item Getting perl source
5753 =item Application of the patches
5761 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
5762 F<lib/io_pipe.t>, F<lib/io_sock.t>, F<op/stat.t>, F<lib/io_udp.t>
5764 =item Installing the built perl
5766 =item C<a.out>-style build
5774 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
5776 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
5778 =item Problems with tr or sed
5780 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
5782 =item Library ... not found
5784 =item Segfault in make
5786 =item op/sprintf test failure
5790 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
5794 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
5798 =item C<extproc> on the first line
5800 =item Additional modules:
5802 =item Prebuilt methods:
5804 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
5805 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
5806 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
5807 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
5808 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
5809 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>
5815 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<flock>
5829 =item F<perl___.exe>
5831 =item Why strange names?
5833 =item Why dynamic linking?
5835 =item Why chimera build?
5837 explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|"
5845 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
5847 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
5849 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
5851 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
5853 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
5855 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
5865 =item DLL name mangling
5869 =item Calls to external programs
5871 =item Memory allocation
5875 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
5889 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
5901 =item Setup and utilities
5905 =item Build, test, install
5907 =item build anomalies
5909 =item testing anomalies
5911 =item installation anomalies
5915 =item Floating point anomalies
5917 =item Modules and Extensions
5935 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
5943 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
5949 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
5955 =item File Extraction Problems.
5957 =item Compiler and Related Tools.
5963 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
5967 =item 64-bit Issues.
5971 =item Malloc Issues.
5975 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
5977 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
5978 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
5979 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
5985 =item op/stat.t test 4
5989 =item PREBUILT BINARIES.
5991 =item RUNTIME ISSUES.
5995 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files.
5999 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6001 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6005 =item Proc::ProcessTable
6019 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6031 =item Setup and utilities
6035 - Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There's a bug in
6036 the compiler (APAR PQ18812) that generates some bad code the
6037 optimizer is on, - As VM/ESA doesn't fully support the fork() API programs
6038 relying on this call will not work. I've replaced fork()/exec() with
6039 spawn() and the standalone exec() with spawn(). This has a side
6040 effect when opening unnamed pipes in a shell script: there is no child
6041 process generated under
6043 =item testing anomalies
6047 When using perl on VM/ESA please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII
6048 character sets are different. Perl builtin functions that may behave
6049 differently under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod document.
6065 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6073 =item Organization of Perl Images
6079 =item Perl Extensions
6081 =item Installing static extensions
6083 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6087 =item File specifications
6093 =item Wildcard expansion
6099 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6105 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6107 =item Command line switches
6113 =item Perl functions
6115 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6116 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6117 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6118 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6120 =item Perl variables
6122 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|
6124 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6138 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6146 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6150 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6154 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6156 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6160 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6164 =item Unimplemented Features
6170 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6178 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6180 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6192 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6202 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6212 =item Built-in Attributes
6214 locked, method, lvalue
6216 =item Available Subroutines
6220 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6222 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6224 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6232 =item Default exports
6234 =item Available exports
6236 =item Export tags defined
6246 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6258 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6274 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6288 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6302 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6315 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6324 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6330 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6340 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6350 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6361 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6363 =item The I<splain> Program
6377 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6391 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6401 =item subpragma access
6407 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
6418 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
6428 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
6438 =item Adding directories to @INC
6440 =item Deleting directories from @INC
6442 =item Restoring original @INC
6452 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
6463 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
6471 =item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY
6477 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
6489 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
6499 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
6501 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
6503 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
6505 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
6507 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
6509 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
6511 =item Overloadable Operations
6513 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
6514 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
6515 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
6517 =item Inheritance and overloading
6519 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
6520 is inherited by derived classes
6524 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
6532 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
6534 =item Copy Constructor
6540 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
6542 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
6543 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
6544 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
6547 =item Losing overloading
6549 =item Run-time Overloading
6551 =item Public functions
6553 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
6555 =item Overloading constants
6557 integer, float, binary, q, qr
6559 =item IMPLEMENTATION
6561 =item Metaphor clash
6567 =item Two-face scalars
6569 =item Two-face references
6571 =item Symbolic calculator
6573 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
6581 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
6582 type, `%s' is not a code reference
6588 =head2 perlio - perl pragma to configure C level IO
6600 =item Defaults and how to override them
6608 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6618 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
6630 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
6632 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
6636 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
6640 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
6648 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
6656 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
6660 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
6670 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
6683 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code
6695 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
6705 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
6713 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
6714 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
6715 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
6716 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
6717 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
6721 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
6723 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
6725 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
6735 =item DBM Comparisons
6745 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
6755 =item Subroutine Stubs
6757 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6759 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6761 =item Package Lexicals
6763 =item Not Using AutoLoader
6765 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
6775 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
6783 $keep, $check, $modtime
6787 =item Multiple packages
6795 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
6803 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
6807 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
6815 IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv
6829 =item B::PVMG METHODS
6833 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
6835 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
6837 =item B::PVLV METHODS
6839 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
6843 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
6847 is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE,
6848 FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
6852 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
6853 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
6857 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
6861 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
6866 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
6868 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
6872 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
6874 =item B::UNOP METHOD
6878 =item B::BINOP METHOD
6882 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
6886 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
6890 =item B::PMOP METHODS
6892 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
6894 =item B::SVOP METHOD
6898 =item B::PADOP METHOD
6902 =item B::PVOP METHOD
6906 =item B::LOOP METHODS
6908 redoop, nextop, lastop
6910 =item B::COP METHODS
6912 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
6916 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
6918 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
6919 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
6920 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM),
6921 hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
6927 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
6940 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
6952 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
6964 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
6974 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
6975 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
6976 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> Stores package in the
6987 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
6997 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
6998 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7008 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7018 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7019 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7020 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7032 =item Context of ".."
7036 =item Deprecated features
7044 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7054 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7055 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7056 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7058 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7060 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7061 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7062 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7063 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7064 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7065 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7066 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7067 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7073 =item OP flags abbreviations
7075 =item OP class abbreviations
7083 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7095 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7105 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7106 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7108 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7128 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7140 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7148 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7150 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7151 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7153 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7163 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7173 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7179 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7191 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7203 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7205 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7217 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7227 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7235 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7247 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7261 =item Standard Exports
7263 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7264 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7265 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7267 =item Optional Exports
7269 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7270 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7271 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7287 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7291 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7305 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7315 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7316 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7317 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> Stores package in the
7328 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7340 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7342 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7344 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7346 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7348 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7350 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7352 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7354 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7356 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7358 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7360 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7362 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7364 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7366 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7368 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7370 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7372 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7374 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7375 B<:standard>, B<:all>
7379 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls,
7380 -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles
7382 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
7384 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
7385 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
7390 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
7394 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
7396 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
7398 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
7400 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
7402 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
7404 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
7406 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
7408 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
7409 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
7411 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
7415 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
7419 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
7421 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
7423 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
7425 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
7427 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
7429 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
7430 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
7432 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
7436 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
7440 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
7442 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
7444 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
7446 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
7450 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
7452 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
7454 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
7458 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
7460 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
7464 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
7468 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
7472 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
7476 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
7480 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
7482 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
7484 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
7488 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
7492 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
7498 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
7499 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
7501 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
7503 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
7504 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
7507 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
7513 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
7517 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
7519 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
7520 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
7521 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
7522 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
7523 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
7525 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
7527 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
7532 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
7534 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
7536 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
7537 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
7539 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
7541 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7545 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
7546 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
7547 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
7548 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
7549 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
7550 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
7551 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
7552 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
7553 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
7554 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
7555 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
7556 ...and many many more..
7558 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
7566 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
7576 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7584 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
7593 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
7595 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
7599 =item Changing the default message
7603 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
7613 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
7621 =item USING CGI::Cookie
7623 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
7627 =item Creating New Cookies
7629 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
7631 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
7633 =item Manipulating Cookies
7635 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
7639 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7647 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
7655 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
7657 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
7659 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
7661 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
7665 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7673 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
7683 =item Tags that won't be formatted
7685 =item Customizing the Indenting
7697 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
7705 =item USING CGI::Push
7707 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
7711 =item Heterogeneous Pages
7713 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
7717 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
7719 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7727 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
7737 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7745 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
7753 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7759 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
7769 =item Interactive Mode
7771 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
7772 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
7773 distribution, ls author, Signals
7781 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
7783 =item Programmer's interface
7785 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
7787 =item Methods in the other Classes
7789 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
7790 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
7791 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
7792 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
7793 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
7794 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
7795 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
7796 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
7797 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
7798 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
7799 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
7800 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
7801 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
7802 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
7803 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
7804 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
7805 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
7806 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
7807 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
7808 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
7809 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
7810 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
7811 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
7812 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
7813 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
7814 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
7822 =item Finding packages and VERSION
7826 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
7832 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
7833 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
7834 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
7835 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
7839 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
7841 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
7849 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
7851 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
7855 =item Three basic types of firewalls
7857 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
7859 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
7865 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
7877 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
7887 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
7900 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
7910 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
7918 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
7920 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
7930 =item The C<struct()> function
7932 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
7934 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
7936 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
7937 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
7939 =item Initializing with C<new>
7945 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
7947 =item Author and Modification History
7951 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
7959 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
7971 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
7975 C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>,
7976 C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>,
7977 C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk>
7981 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
7982 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
7986 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
7987 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
7988 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
7989 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>
7993 C<CONFIGDOTSH>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>,
7994 C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>,
7995 C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
7999 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8000 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8001 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8002 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8003 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>,
8004 C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
8005 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
8006 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
8007 C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
8008 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
8009 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_fork>,
8010 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>,
8011 C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>,
8012 C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>,
8013 C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
8014 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getlogin>,
8015 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
8016 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
8017 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
8018 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>,
8019 C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
8020 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>,
8021 C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>, C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>,
8022 C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
8023 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>,
8024 C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>,
8025 C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>,
8026 C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>,
8027 C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>,
8028 C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
8029 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
8030 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>,
8031 C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
8032 C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
8033 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
8034 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
8035 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
8036 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
8037 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>,
8038 C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>,
8039 C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>,
8040 C<d_readlink>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
8041 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
8042 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
8043 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
8044 C<d_semop>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>,
8045 C<d_sethent>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>,
8046 C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>,
8047 C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
8048 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
8049 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
8050 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
8051 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>,
8052 C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_statblks>,
8053 C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>,
8054 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
8055 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
8056 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
8057 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
8058 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
8059 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>,
8060 C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
8061 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>,
8062 C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
8063 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
8064 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
8065 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
8066 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>,
8067 C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8071 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8072 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8076 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8077 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
8081 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8082 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8086 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8090 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8091 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8092 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8093 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
8094 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
8095 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8096 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8097 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8098 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8099 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8100 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8101 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8102 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8103 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8104 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8105 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8106 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8107 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8108 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8109 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8110 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8111 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8112 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8117 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8121 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8122 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8123 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8124 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8125 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8126 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8130 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8131 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8132 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8136 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8137 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8141 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8142 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8143 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8144 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8148 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8149 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8153 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8158 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8159 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8160 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8161 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8165 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8169 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8170 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm>
8174 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8175 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8176 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8177 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8178 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8179 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8180 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8181 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8182 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8183 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8184 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8185 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8186 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8187 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8191 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
8192 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8196 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8197 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8198 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8199 C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>,
8200 C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>,
8201 C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>,
8202 C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>,
8203 C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>,
8204 C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8208 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8209 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8210 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8214 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8218 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
8230 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
8240 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8252 =item Global Variables
8254 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8255 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8260 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8261 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8263 =item Client Callback Methods
8265 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8266 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8267 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8277 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8285 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8289 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8291 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8293 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8295 =item Default Parameters
8297 =item In Memory Databases
8305 =item A Simple Example
8313 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8315 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8317 =item The get_dup() Method
8319 =item The find_dup() Method
8321 =item The del_dup() Method
8323 =item Matching Partial Keys
8331 =item The 'bval' Option
8333 =item A Simple Example
8335 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8337 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8338 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
8340 =item Another Example
8344 =item THE API INTERFACE
8346 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8347 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8348 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
8349 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
8353 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
8354 B<filter_fetch_value>
8360 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
8362 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
8366 =item HINTS AND TIPS
8370 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
8372 =item Safe ways to lock a database
8374 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
8376 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
8378 =item The untie() Gotcha
8382 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
8386 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
8388 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
8390 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
8392 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
8412 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
8413 printing and C<eval>
8425 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
8426 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
8427 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
8434 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
8436 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8437 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8438 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8439 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8440 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8441 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8442 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8443 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8444 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8445 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8446 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8447 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
8467 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
8475 =item PROFILE FORMAT
8487 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
8497 =item Memory footprint debugging
8505 =item A simple scalar string
8507 =item A simple scalar number
8509 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
8511 =item A reference to a simple scalar
8513 =item A reference to an array
8515 =item A reference to a hash
8517 =item Dumping a large array or hash
8519 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
8521 =item A reference to a subroutine
8535 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
8545 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
8555 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
8567 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
8568 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
8569 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
8574 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
8575 veryCompact, set, get
8581 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
8589 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
8590 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
8591 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
8592 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
8599 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
8612 =head2 Encode - character encodings
8630 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
8632 =item Types of Encodings
8634 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
8635 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
8637 =item Specifying Encodings
8639 1. By name, 2. As an object
8641 =item Encoding Names
8643 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
8644 The name used by the the organization that defined it
8648 =item PERL ENCODING API
8652 =item Generic Encoding Interface
8654 =item Handling Malformed Data
8656 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
8660 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
8662 =item Listing available encodings
8664 =item Defining Aliases
8666 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
8669 =item Defining Encodings
8673 =item Encoding and IO
8675 =item Encoding How to ...
8677 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
8678 strings in binary data, perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
8680 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
8682 utf8_downgrade($string[, CHECK]), is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]),
8685 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
8687 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
8688 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
8692 =item Compiled Encodings
8694 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
8695 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
8703 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
8704 of the Encode extension
8710 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8718 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
8720 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
8726 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8734 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
8747 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
8762 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
8778 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
8790 =item Selecting What To Export
8792 =item Specialised Import Lists
8794 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
8796 =item Module Version Checking
8798 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
8800 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
8806 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
8816 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
8837 mv source... destination
8839 cp source... destination
8857 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
8869 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
8870 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
8880 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
8890 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
8902 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
8903 packlist(), version()
8911 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
8919 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
8925 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
8935 =item VMS implementation
8937 =item Win32 implementation
8945 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
8954 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
8960 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
8971 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
8983 =item Preloaded methods
9003 =item SelfLoaded methods
9049 file_name_is_absolute
9055 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9095 maybe_command_in_dirs
9133 replace_manpage_separator
9147 test_via_harness (o)
9179 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9190 =item Methods always loaded
9202 =item SelfLoaded methods
9204 guess_name (override)
9208 find_perl (override)
9212 maybe_command (override)
9214 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
9216 perl_script (override)
9218 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9220 replace_manpage_separator
9222 init_others (override)
9224 constants (override)
9228 const_cccmd (override)
9230 pm_to_blib (override)
9232 tool_autosplit (override)
9234 tool_sxubpp (override)
9236 xsubpp_version (override)
9238 tools_other (override)
9248 top_targets (override)
9252 dynamic_lib (override)
9254 dynamic_bs (override)
9256 static_lib (override)
9258 manifypods (override)
9260 processPL (override)
9262 installbin (override)
9268 realclean (override)
9270 dist_basics (override)
9272 dist_core (override)
9276 dist_test (override)
9280 perldepend (override)
9286 test_via_harness (override)
9288 test_via_script (override)
9290 makeaperl (override)
9294 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9321 test_via_harness (o)
9323 tool_autosplit (override)
9341 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
9351 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
9353 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
9361 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
9365 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
9367 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
9369 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
9371 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
9373 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
9374 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
9375 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
9376 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
9377 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
9378 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
9379 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
9380 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
9381 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
9382 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
9383 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
9384 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
9385 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
9386 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
9387 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
9389 =item Additional lowercase attributes
9391 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
9394 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
9396 =item Hintsfile support
9398 =item Distribution Support
9400 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
9401 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
9402 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
9404 =item Disabling an extension
9418 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
9430 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
9434 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
9435 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
9439 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
9447 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
9459 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
9469 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
9478 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
9486 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
9498 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
9506 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
9516 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
9528 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
9538 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
9542 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
9550 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
9554 C<basename>, C<dirname>
9558 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
9568 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
9582 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
9592 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
9594 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
9604 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
9612 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
9624 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
9632 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
9633 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>,
9634 C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
9640 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
9648 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>, C<GLOB_NOSORT>,
9649 C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>, C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>
9653 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
9661 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
9673 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
9687 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
9721 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
9739 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
9767 file_name_is_absolute
9787 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
9797 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
9829 file_name_is_absolute
9851 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
9867 =item Methods always loaded
9869 canonpath (override)
9887 case_tolerant (override)
9891 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9893 splitpath (override)
9909 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
9939 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
9963 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
9977 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
9987 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
9995 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10003 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10005 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10017 =item Temporary files and NFS
10029 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10043 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10055 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10063 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10069 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10093 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10099 use Filter::Util::Call ;
10105 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10109 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10111 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10119 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10121 =item Example 2: Using the context
10123 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10125 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10135 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
10143 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
10153 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
10169 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
10177 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
10179 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
10183 =item Simple options
10185 =item A little bit less simple options
10187 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
10189 =item Options with values
10191 =item Options with multiple values
10193 =item Options with hash values
10195 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
10197 =item Options with multiple names
10199 =item Case and abbreviations
10201 =item Summary of Option Specifications
10203 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
10207 =item Advanced Possibilities
10211 =item Object oriented interface
10213 =item Documentation and help texts
10215 =item Storing options in a hash
10219 =item The lonesome dash
10221 =item Argument call-back
10225 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
10227 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
10228 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
10229 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
10230 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
10231 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
10233 =item Return values and Errors
10239 =item Default destinations
10241 =item Alternative option starters
10243 =item Configuration variables
10247 =item Trouble Shooting
10251 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
10253 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
10260 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
10264 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
10275 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
10286 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
10296 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
10304 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10305 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10315 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10325 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10329 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10337 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
10347 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10351 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10352 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10353 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10354 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10366 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10376 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10380 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10390 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10400 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10401 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10411 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
10419 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10420 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10427 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
10437 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10441 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10442 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10443 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10453 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
10467 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
10468 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
10478 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
10494 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10507 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
10521 hostpath(), peerpath()
10531 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
10540 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10541 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10551 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10561 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10565 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10573 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
10584 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10588 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10589 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10590 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10591 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10603 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10613 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10617 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10627 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10637 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10638 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10648 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
10657 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10658 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10665 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
10676 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10680 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10681 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10682 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10692 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
10707 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
10708 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
10718 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
10719 AF_INET domain sockets
10735 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10748 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
10749 AF_UNIX domain sockets
10763 hostpath(), peerpath()
10773 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10783 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10784 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10795 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
10809 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
10822 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
10832 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10833 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10834 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10845 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
10863 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10873 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10874 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10885 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
10896 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10897 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10898 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10909 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
10917 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
10926 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
10934 Canonical notation, Input, Output
10938 =item Autocreating constants
10946 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
10959 =item STRINGIFICATION
10963 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
10969 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
10971 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
10979 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
10987 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
10993 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
10995 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
10999 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11001 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
11005 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
11007 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11009 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
11010 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
11014 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES
11024 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
11030 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11036 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11040 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11044 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
11056 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
11057 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
11067 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
11084 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
11101 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
11116 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
11133 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
11143 =item IMPLEMENTATION
11149 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
11155 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11161 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11165 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11169 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
11181 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
11183 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
11184 or optag, an operator set (opset)
11186 =item Opcode Functions
11188 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
11189 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
11190 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
11193 =item Manipulating Opsets
11195 =item TO DO (maybe)
11201 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
11203 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
11204 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
11205 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
11214 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
11223 a new namespace, an operator mask
11229 =item RECENT CHANGES
11231 =item Methods in class Safe
11233 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
11234 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
11235 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
11236 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
11238 =item Some Safety Issues
11240 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
11248 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
11261 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
11275 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
11276 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
11277 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
11278 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
11279 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
11280 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
11281 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
11282 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
11283 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
11284 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
11285 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
11286 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
11287 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
11288 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
11289 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
11290 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
11291 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
11292 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
11293 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
11294 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
11295 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
11296 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
11297 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
11298 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
11299 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
11306 =item POSIX::SigAction
11310 =item POSIX::SigSet
11312 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
11314 =item POSIX::Termios
11316 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
11317 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
11318 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
11319 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
11320 values, c_oflag field values
11324 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
11328 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
11332 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
11390 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
11396 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
11402 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
11414 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
11415 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
11416 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
11417 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
11418 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
11419 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
11420 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
11421 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
11426 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
11427 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, No numeric
11428 argument for =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item
11429 paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one> vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped
11430 C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument
11431 for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME
11436 collapsing newlines to blanks, ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in
11437 link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains
11450 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
11452 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
11455 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
11457 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
11459 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
11461 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
11463 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
11471 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
11483 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
11485 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
11492 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
11498 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
11500 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
11507 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
11519 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
11529 backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile,
11530 libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title,
11545 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
11558 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
11559 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
11565 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
11589 =item B<was_cutting()>
11595 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
11601 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
11607 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11613 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
11619 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11625 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
11631 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
11637 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
11643 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
11649 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
11655 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
11661 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11667 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
11673 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
11679 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
11685 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11691 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
11697 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
11703 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
11709 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
11715 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
11721 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
11727 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
11733 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
11739 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
11745 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
11751 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
11757 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11763 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
11775 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
11787 =item OBJECT METHODS
11795 =item Data Accessors
11811 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
11813 B<StartWithNewPage>
11827 =item Subclassed methods
11841 B<interior_sequence>
11857 =item Methods for headings
11865 =item Internal methods
11871 B<_replace_special_chars>
11877 B<_clean_latex_commands>
11893 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
11901 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
11906 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
11907 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
11908 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
11909 line %d, Unmatched =back
11919 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
11933 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
11941 $list-E<gt>indent()
11949 $list-E<gt>parent()
11955 =item Pod::Hyperlink
11957 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
11961 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
11963 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
11967 $link-E<gt>warning()
11969 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
11975 $link-E<gt>alttext()
11985 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
11991 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
11995 =item Pod::Cache::Item
11997 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
12001 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
12003 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
12005 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
12007 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
12009 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
12011 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
12013 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
12023 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
12035 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12037 =item PARSING OPTIONS
12039 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
12040 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
12046 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12054 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12060 =item B<verbatim()>
12062 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12068 =item B<textblock()>
12070 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12076 =item B<interior_sequence()>
12082 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12094 =item B<initialize()>
12100 =item B<begin_pod()>
12106 =item B<begin_input()>
12112 =item B<end_input()>
12124 =item B<preprocess_line()>
12130 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
12136 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
12142 =item B<parse_text()>
12144 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
12145 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
12146 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
12152 =item B<interpolate()>
12158 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
12164 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
12170 =item B<parse_from_file()>
12176 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
12182 =item B<errorsub()>
12194 =item B<parseopts()>
12200 =item B<output_file()>
12206 =item B<output_handle()>
12212 =item B<input_file()>
12218 =item B<input_handle()>
12224 =item B<input_streams()>
12230 =item B<top_stream()>
12236 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12242 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
12248 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
12254 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
12262 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
12282 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
12295 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
12297 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
12303 =item OBJECT METHODS
12309 =item B<curr_headings()>
12321 =item B<add_selection()>
12327 =item B<clear_selections()>
12333 =item B<match_section()>
12339 =item B<is_selected()>
12345 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
12351 =item B<podselect()>
12353 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
12359 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12365 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
12371 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
12377 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
12389 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
12397 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
12401 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
12402 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
12403 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
12415 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
12431 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
12448 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
12449 text with format escapes
12463 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
12472 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
12481 =item Recommended Use
12489 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
12493 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
12501 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12507 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12511 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12515 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
12523 a new namespace, an operator mask
12529 =item RECENT CHANGES
12531 =item Methods in class Safe
12533 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
12534 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
12535 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
12536 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
12538 =item Some Safety Issues
12540 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
12548 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
12558 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
12568 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
12578 =item The __DATA__ token
12580 =item SelfLoader autoloading
12582 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
12584 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
12586 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
12588 =item Classes and inherited methods.
12592 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
12596 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
12606 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
12614 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
12615 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
12623 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
12624 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
12625 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
12626 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
12627 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
12631 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
12641 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
12645 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
12647 =item ERROR REPORTING
12655 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
12660 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
12661 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
12685 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
12695 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
12707 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
12708 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
12716 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
12717 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
12728 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
12729 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
12737 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
12738 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
12749 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
12759 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
12760 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
12771 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
12783 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
12791 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
12801 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
12802 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
12810 =item Minimal set of supported functions
12812 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
12813 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
12815 =item Additional supported functions
12817 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
12825 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
12835 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
12847 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
12857 =item The test script output
12859 B<1..M>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
12860 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
12861 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>
12869 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
12870 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
12871 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
12872 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
12876 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
12877 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
12888 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
12900 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
12915 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
12932 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
12947 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
12961 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
12972 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
12973 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
12974 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
12978 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
12986 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
12994 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
12996 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
13002 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
13010 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
13012 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
13016 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
13028 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
13038 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
13046 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
13047 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
13048 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
13049 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
13057 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
13066 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
13067 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
13068 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
13069 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
13071 =item MORE INFORMATION
13073 =item COMPATIBILITY
13077 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
13085 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
13086 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
13090 =item MORE INFORMATION
13094 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
13112 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
13121 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
13123 =item MORE INFORMATION
13127 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
13139 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
13147 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13153 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
13168 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
13183 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
13195 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
13203 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
13204 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
13208 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
13223 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
13234 =item System Specifics
13248 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
13256 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
13258 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
13259 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
13260 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
13261 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
13262 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
13263 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
13264 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
13265 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
13266 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
13267 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
13268 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
13269 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
13270 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
13271 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
13272 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
13273 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
13279 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
13291 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
13293 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
13294 don't all have manual pages yet:
13320 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles