4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
21 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
22 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
23 Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
24 implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
25 expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
41 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/04/24
46 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
47 About Perl, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L<perlfaq3>:
48 Programming Tools, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, L<perlfaq5>: Files and
49 Formats, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues,
50 L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, L<perlfaq9>: Networking
54 =item Where to get this document
56 =item How to contribute to this document
58 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
65 =item Author and Copyright Information
69 =item Noncommercial Reproduction
71 =item Commercial Reproduction
79 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
80 Initial Release: 11/March/97
82 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
83 1997/04/24 22:43:34 $)
91 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
93 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
95 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
97 =item How stable is Perl?
99 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
101 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
104 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
106 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
108 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
110 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
112 =item What is a JAPH?
114 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
116 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
117 (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
121 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
123 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.16 $,
124 $Date: 1997/04/23 18:04:09 $)
130 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
132 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
134 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
136 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
139 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
140 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
142 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
143 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
145 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
147 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
149 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
151 =item Where should I post source code?
155 References, Tutorials
156 *Learning Perl [2nd edition]
157 by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Christiansen, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
159 =item Perl in Magazines
161 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
163 =item What mailing lists are there for perl?
165 MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
167 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
171 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
173 =item Where do I send bug reports?
175 =item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
177 =item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
181 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
183 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
190 =item How do I do (anything)?
192 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
194 =item Is there a Perl shell?
196 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
198 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
200 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
202 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
204 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
206 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
208 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
210 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
212 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
214 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
216 =item What is undump?
218 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
220 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
222 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
224 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
226 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
228 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
230 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
232 =item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
234 =item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
236 =item Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
238 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
240 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
242 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
244 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
245 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
247 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
250 =item What's MakeMaker?
254 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
256 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
265 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
266 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
268 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
270 =item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()?
273 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
275 =item How do I multiply matrices?
277 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
279 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
281 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
289 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
291 =item How can I compare two date strings?
293 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
295 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
297 =item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
305 =item How do I validate input?
307 =item How do I unescape a string?
309 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
311 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
313 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
315 =item How do I reverse a string?
317 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
319 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
321 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
323 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
325 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
328 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
330 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
331 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
333 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
335 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
337 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
339 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
341 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
343 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
345 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
346 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
355 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
357 =item How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
359 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:(this assumes all true
360 values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like
361 (b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any
362 loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive
365 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
367 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
368 intersection of two arrays?
370 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
372 =item How do I handle linked lists?
374 =item How do I handle circular lists?
376 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
378 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
380 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
382 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
384 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
386 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
388 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
392 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
396 =item How do I process an entire hash?
398 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
401 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
403 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
405 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
407 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
409 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
411 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
413 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
415 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
417 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
419 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
421 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
424 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
425 array of hashes or arrays?
427 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
435 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
437 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
439 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
441 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
443 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
445 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
449 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
451 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
458 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
460 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
461 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
463 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
465 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
467 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
469 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
470 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
472 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
474 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
476 =item How can I write() into a string?
478 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
480 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
482 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
484 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
486 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
488 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
490 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
492 =item How can I lock a file?
494 =item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
496 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
497 the file. How can I do this?
499 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
501 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
503 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
505 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
507 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
509 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
511 =item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
513 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
515 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
517 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
519 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
520 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
522 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
524 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
525 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
527 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
531 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
533 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:10 $)
539 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
540 and unmaintainable code?
542 Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
545 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
547 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
550 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
552 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
555 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
557 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
559 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
561 =item What is C</o> really for?
563 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
566 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
568 =item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
570 =item How do I process each word on each line?
572 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
574 =item How can I do approximate matching?
576 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
578 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
580 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
582 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
584 =item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
586 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
588 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
592 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
594 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date:
595 1997/04/24 22:44:14 $)
601 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
603 =item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
606 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
609 =item How do I skip some return values?
611 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
613 =item What's an extension?
615 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
617 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
619 =item How do I create a module?
621 =item How do I create a class?
623 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
625 =item What's a closure?
627 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
629 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
632 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps,
635 =item How do I create a static variable?
637 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
638 Between local() and my()?
640 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
643 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
645 =item Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
647 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
649 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
651 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
653 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
655 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
657 =item How can I find out my current package?
659 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
663 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
665 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
672 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
674 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
676 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
678 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
680 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
682 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
684 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
686 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
688 =item How do I start a process in the background?
690 STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
692 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
694 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
696 =item How do I set the time and date?
698 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
700 =item How can I measure time under a second?
702 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
704 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
705 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
707 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
709 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
711 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
713 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
715 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
717 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
719 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
721 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
723 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
725 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
728 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
730 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
732 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
734 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
737 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
738 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
739 changes to be visible?
743 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
746 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
748 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
750 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
752 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
754 =item How do I set CPU limits?
756 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
758 =item How do I use an SQL database?
760 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
762 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
764 =item How do I install a CPAN module?
766 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
768 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
771 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
775 =item How do I get one key from the terminal at a time, under POSIX?
777 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
779 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:29
786 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
789 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
791 =item How do I extract URLs?
793 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
794 file on another machine?
796 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
798 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
800 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
802 =item How do I redirect to another page?
804 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
806 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
808 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
809 CGI script to do bad things?
811 =item How do I parse a mail header?
813 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
815 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
817 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
819 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
821 =item How do I send/read mail?
823 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
825 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
827 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
829 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
833 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
835 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
839 =item Incompatible Changes
847 =item Required Updates
851 =item Utility Changes
853 =item C Language API Changes
855 =item Documentation Changes
863 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
875 =item Scalar value constructors
877 =item List value constructors
879 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
883 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
891 =item Simple statements
893 =item Compound statements
901 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
905 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
907 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
911 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
919 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
921 =item The Arrow Operator
923 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
927 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
929 =item Binding Operators
931 =item Multiplicative Operators
933 =item Additive Operators
935 =item Shift Operators
937 =item Named Unary Operators
939 =item Relational Operators
941 =item Equality Operators
945 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
947 =item C-style Logical And
949 =item C-style Logical Or
951 =item Range Operators
953 =item Conditional Operator
955 =item Assignment Operators
959 =item List Operators (Rightward)
965 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
967 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
969 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
971 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
973 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
975 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
976 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
977 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
978 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
982 =item Constant Folding
984 =item Bitwise String Operators
986 =item Integer Arithmetic
988 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
994 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1002 =item Regular Expressions
1004 C<(?#text)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>,
1005 C<(?E<lt>=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{ code })>, C<(?E<gt>pattern)>,
1006 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>,
1011 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1013 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
1019 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1027 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1029 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
1031 =item Location of Perl
1035 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<letters>,
1036 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1037 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1038 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1039 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1040 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
1046 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
1047 (specific to WIN32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1049 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1055 =item Perl Functions by Category
1057 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1058 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1059 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1060 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1061 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1062 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1063 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1064 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1065 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1066 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1069 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1071 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1072 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1073 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1074 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1075 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1076 close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
1077 cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE,
1078 defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
1079 SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (),
1080 eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit
1081 EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE,
1082 flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc
1083 FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid,
1084 getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME,
1085 getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
1086 getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr
1087 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1088 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1089 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1090 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1091 endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt
1092 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR,
1093 goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index
1094 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1095 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last
1096 LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link
1097 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log
1098 EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1099 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
1100 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no
1101 Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1102 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package
1103 NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
1104 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
1105 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
1106 qq/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
1107 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
1108 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
1109 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
1110 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR,
1111 return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION,
1112 rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek
1113 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE,
1114 select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1115 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send
1116 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY,
1117 setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl
1118 ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite
1119 ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep,
1120 socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1121 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1122 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1123 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1124 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1125 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1126 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN,REPLACEMENT, substr
1127 EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST,
1128 sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS,
1129 sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
1130 sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST,
1131 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite
1132 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1133 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1134 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1135 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1136 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use
1137 Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec
1138 EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write
1139 FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1143 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1149 =item Predefined Names
1151 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digits>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1152 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
1153 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1154 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
1155 $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1156 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
1157 $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1158 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1159 format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1160 format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
1161 EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1162 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1163 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1164 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1165 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1166 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1167 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1168 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
1169 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, $^S,
1170 $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC,
1171 @_, %INC, %ENV $ENV{expr}, %SIG $SIG{expr}
1175 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1183 =item Private Variables via my()
1185 =item Peristent Private Variables
1187 =item Temporary Values via local()
1189 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1191 =item When to Still Use local()
1193 1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2.
1194 You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3.
1195 You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash
1197 =item Pass by Reference
1201 =item Constant Functions
1203 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
1211 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
1221 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1231 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
1235 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1239 =item Pragmatic Modules
1241 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics, integer, less,
1242 lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap, strict, subs, vmsish, vars
1244 =item Standard Modules
1246 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
1247 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
1248 DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
1249 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
1250 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
1251 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal,
1252 Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy,
1253 File::Find, File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin,
1254 GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File,
1255 IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2,
1256 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig,
1257 NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent,
1258 Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict,
1259 SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog,
1260 Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
1261 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash,
1262 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
1263 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
1265 =item Extension Modules
1271 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1272 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1273 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1274 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1275 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1276 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1277 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1278 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1279 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1280 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1281 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1282 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1283 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
1286 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1290 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1292 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1293 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1294 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1295 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1296 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1297 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1298 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1299 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1300 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1301 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1302 care when changing a released module
1304 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1306 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
1307 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
1308 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
1309 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
1311 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1313 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
1314 applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the
1315 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
1316 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
1317 can then be reduced to a small
1323 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1329 =item Format Variables
1339 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1345 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1350 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1356 =item The use locale pragma
1358 =item The setlocale function
1360 =item Finding locales
1362 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1364 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1366 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1368 =item Permanently fixing your locale configuration
1370 =item Permanently fixing system locale configuration
1372 =item The localeconv function
1376 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1380 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1382 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1384 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1386 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1390 =item Other categories
1396 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
1397 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>),
1398 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
1399 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
1400 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
1401 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
1402 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
1403 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
1404 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
1409 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
1416 =item Backward compatibility
1418 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1420 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1422 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1424 =item Freely available locale definitions
1428 =item An imperfect standard
1436 =item Broken systems
1444 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1450 =item Making References
1452 =item Using References
1454 =item Symbolic references
1456 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1458 =item Function Templates
1466 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
1470 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
1471 more elaborate constructs
1475 =item COMMON MISTAKES
1477 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
1479 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
1485 =item LISTS OF LISTS
1489 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
1491 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
1493 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
1497 =item HASHES OF LISTS
1501 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
1503 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
1505 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
1509 =item LISTS OF HASHES
1513 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
1515 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
1517 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
1521 =item HASHES OF HASHES
1525 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
1527 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
1529 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
1533 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1537 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1539 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1541 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1551 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
1555 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
1557 =item Growing Your Own
1559 =item Access and Printing
1567 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1571 =item Creating a Class
1575 =item Object Representation
1577 =item Class Interface
1579 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1581 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1585 =item Other Object Methods
1593 =item Accessing Class Data
1595 =item Debugging Methods
1597 =item Class Destructors
1599 =item Documenting the Interface
1609 =item Overridden Methods
1611 =item Multiple Inheritance
1613 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1617 =item Alternate Object Representations
1621 =item Arrays as Objects
1623 =item Closures as Objects
1627 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1631 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1633 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1637 =item Metaclassical Tools
1643 =item Data Members as Variables
1647 =item Object Terminology
1653 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1659 =item Acknowledgments
1663 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1669 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1671 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1673 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1675 =item Method Invocation
1677 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1679 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1687 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1693 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1703 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
1707 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1712 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1713 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1714 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
1716 =item Tying FileHandles
1718 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1719 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this
1721 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1731 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1735 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1737 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1739 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1741 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1743 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1745 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1747 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1749 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1751 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1753 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1757 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1758 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1772 =item Using open() for IPC
1778 =item Background Processes
1780 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1782 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1784 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1786 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1790 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1794 =item Internet Line Terminators
1796 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1798 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1802 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1806 =item A Simple Client
1808 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1810 =item A Webget Client
1812 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1816 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1818 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1820 =item UDP: Message Passing
1832 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1836 =item The Perl Debugger
1840 =item Debugger Commands
1842 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1843 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
1844 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
1845 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1846 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1847 command, A, W [expr], W, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?]..,
1848 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
1849 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
1850 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
1851 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
1852 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
1853 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ],
1854 E<lt>E<lt> command, E<gt> command, E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{
1855 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R,
1856 |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, m package
1858 =item Debugger input/output
1860 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
1862 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1864 =item Debugger Customization
1866 =item Readline Support
1868 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1870 =item The Perl Profiler
1872 =item Debugger support in perl
1874 =item Debugger Internals
1876 =item Other resources
1882 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
1886 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
1888 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
1889 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
1892 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
1894 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
1896 =item B<-DL> details
1900 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistic
1904 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
1908 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
1914 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
1916 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
1918 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
1922 =item Protecting Your Programs
1928 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
1944 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
1946 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
1947 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
1948 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
1949 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
1951 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
1953 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
1954 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
1955 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
1959 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
1961 =item Numerical Traps
1963 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
1965 =item General data type traps
1967 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
1968 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
1970 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
1972 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
1974 =item Precedence Traps
1976 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence
1978 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
1980 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
1981 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
1982 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
1984 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
1986 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
1992 =item Interpolation Traps
1994 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
1995 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2001 =item Unclassified Traps
2003 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
2008 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
2012 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
2018 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2020 =item Command Paragraph
2022 =item Ordinary Block of Text
2026 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2028 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
2036 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
2040 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2048 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
2049 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
2053 =item Compiling your C program
2055 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2057 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2059 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2061 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
2063 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2065 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2067 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2069 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2074 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
2082 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2088 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
2089 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
2090 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
2091 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
2092 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
2093 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
2094 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
2095 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
2096 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
2097 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
2101 =item Co-existence with stdio
2103 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
2104 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
2105 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
2106 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
2107 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
2108 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
2112 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2122 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
2124 =item The Argument Stack
2126 =item The RETVAL Variable
2128 =item The MODULE Keyword
2130 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
2132 =item The PREFIX Keyword
2134 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
2136 =item The CODE: Keyword
2138 =item The INIT: Keyword
2140 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
2142 =item Initializing Function Parameters
2144 =item Default Parameter Values
2146 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
2148 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
2150 =item The INPUT: Keyword
2152 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
2154 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
2156 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
2158 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
2160 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
2162 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
2164 =item The BOOT: Keyword
2166 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
2168 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
2170 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
2172 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
2174 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
2176 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
2178 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
2180 =item The CASE: Keyword
2182 =item The & Unary Operator
2184 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
2186 =item Using XS With C++
2188 =item Interface Strategy
2190 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
2202 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
2208 =item VERSION CAVEAT
2210 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
2216 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
2218 =item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
2222 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
2224 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
2226 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
2228 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
2234 =item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
2236 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
2238 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
2240 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
2242 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
2244 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
2254 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
2264 =item What is an "IV"?
2266 =item Working with SVs
2268 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
2270 =item Working with AVs
2272 =item Working with HVs
2274 =item Hash API Extensions
2278 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
2280 =item Creating New Variables
2282 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
2284 =item Stashes and Globs
2286 =item Double-Typed SVs
2288 =item Magic Variables
2290 =item Assigning Magic
2292 =item Magic Virtual Tables
2296 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
2298 =item Localizing changes
2300 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
2301 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP
2302 *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char
2303 *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(f,p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
2304 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
2305 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
2306 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
2307 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
2315 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
2317 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
2319 =item Memory Allocation
2323 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
2327 =item Scratchpads and recursion
2337 =item Examining the tree
2339 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
2341 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
2343 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
2345 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
2351 av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, AvFILL, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
2352 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
2353 DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
2354 do_binmode, ENTER, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY,
2355 G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME, GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, gv_fetchmeth,
2356 gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, G_VOID, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv,
2357 GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force,
2358 HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear, hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent,
2359 hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit,
2360 hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic,
2361 HvNAME, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT,
2362 isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK,
2363 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set,
2364 Move, na, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc,
2365 NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv,
2366 newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK,
2367 perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv, perl_call_sv,
2368 perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv, perl_free,
2369 perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
2370 perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
2371 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree,
2372 safemalloc, saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ,
2373 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless,
2374 sv_catpv, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg,
2375 sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec,
2376 sv_derived_from, sv_derived_from, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
2377 sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp,
2378 sv_isa, sv_isobject, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy,
2379 sv_newmortal, SvNIOK, SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, sv_no, SvNOK, SvNOK_off,
2380 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOK_off,
2381 SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPV_force, SvPVX, SvREFCNT,
2382 SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC,
2383 sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpv_mg,
2384 sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpvf,
2385 sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
2386 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
2387 SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SVt_IV, SVt_PV,
2388 SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype,
2389 sv_undef, sv_unref, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
2390 sv_vcatpvfn(sv, pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale),
2391 sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale), SvUV,
2392 SvUVX, sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
2393 XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
2394 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV,
2395 XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
2400 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
2404 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
2406 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
2408 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
2428 =item Determining the Context
2432 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
2438 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
2440 =item Passing Parameters
2442 =item Returning a Scalar
2444 =item Returning a list of values
2446 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
2448 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
2452 =item Using G_KEEPERR
2454 =item Using perl_call_sv
2456 =item Using perl_call_argv
2458 =item Using perl_call_method
2462 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
2464 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
2466 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
2467 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
2470 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
2472 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
2482 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
2488 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
2500 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
2502 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
2506 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
2508 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
2510 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine
2518 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
2530 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
2538 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
2548 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
2556 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
2564 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
2573 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
2575 =item The I<splain> Program
2587 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
2593 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
2600 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
2606 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
2614 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
2616 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
2618 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
2626 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
2633 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
2637 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
2643 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
2645 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
2647 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
2649 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
2651 =item Overloadable Operations
2653 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
2654 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
2655 and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
2657 =item Inheritance and overloading
2659 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
2660 is inherited by derived classes
2664 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
2672 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
2674 =item Copy Constructor
2680 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
2682 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
2683 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
2684 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
2688 =item Run-time Overloading
2690 =item Public functions
2692 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
2694 =item IMPLEMENTATION
2702 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
2712 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
2714 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
2718 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
2722 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
2728 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
2734 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
2736 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
2742 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
2748 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
2750 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
2758 =item DBM Comparisons
2766 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
2774 =item Subroutine Stubs
2776 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2778 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2780 =item Package Lexicals
2782 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
2790 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
2796 $keep, $check, $modtime
2800 =item Multiple packages
2806 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
2812 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
2814 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
2815 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
2817 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
2825 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
2833 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
2839 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
2851 =item Standard Exports
2853 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
2854 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
2855 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
2857 =item Optional Exports
2859 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
2871 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
2873 =head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
2883 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
2895 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
2897 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
2899 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
2901 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
2903 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
2905 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
2907 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
2909 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
2911 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
2913 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
2915 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
2917 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
2919 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
2921 =item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
2923 =item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
2925 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
2927 =item CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
2929 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
2931 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
2935 =item CREATING FORMS
2939 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
2941 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
2943 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
2945 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
2949 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
2951 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
2953 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
2957 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
2959 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
2963 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
2967 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
2971 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
2975 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
2979 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
2981 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
2983 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
2987 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
2989 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
2991 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
2993 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
2997 =item NETSCAPE COOKIES
2999 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
3000 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
3002 =item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
3004 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
3005 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
3008 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
3014 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
3018 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
3020 B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
3021 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
3022 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
3023 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
3024 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
3027 =item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS
3031 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
3033 =item Generating new HTML tags
3037 =item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
3039 B<cgi>, B<form>, B<html2>, B<html3>, B<netscape>, B<shortcuts>,
3042 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
3044 In the B<use> statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be
3045 imported into your script:, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using
3046 B<-nph> parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
3048 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3052 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
3053 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
3054 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
3055 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
3056 Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
3057 Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
3058 Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
3059 (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
3060 Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
3061 (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
3062 (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
3064 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
3070 =head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
3084 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
3091 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
3093 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
3101 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
3107 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
3109 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
3111 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
3113 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
3117 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3123 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
3129 =item USING CGI::Push
3131 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
3133 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
3137 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3143 =head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
3154 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
3162 =item Interactive Mode
3164 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
3165 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
3174 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
3176 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
3178 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
3180 =item Methods in the four
3190 =item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
3196 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
3197 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
3198 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
3203 =item CD-ROM support
3217 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
3223 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
3232 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
3240 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
3244 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
3252 =item The C<struct()> function
3254 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
3256 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
3257 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
3263 Example 1, Example 2
3265 =item Author and Modification History
3267 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
3273 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
3279 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
3283 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2
3285 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
3287 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
3289 =item Default Parameters
3291 =item In Memory Databases
3299 =item A Simple Example
3307 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
3309 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
3311 =item The get_dup() Method
3313 =item Matching Partial Keys
3321 =item The 'bval' Option
3323 =item A Simple Example
3327 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
3328 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
3330 =item Another Example
3334 =item THE API INTERFACE
3336 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
3337 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
3338 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
3339 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
3341 =item HINTS AND TIPS
3345 =item Locking Databases
3347 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
3349 =item The untie() Gotcha
3353 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
3357 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
3359 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
3361 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
3363 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
3379 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
3385 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
3391 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
3398 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
3406 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
3414 =item Selecting What To Export
3416 =item Specialised Import Lists
3418 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
3420 =item Module Version Checking
3422 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
3424 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
3428 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
3435 cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
3436 source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
3437 directory.., test_f file
3445 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
3455 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
3456 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
3464 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
3470 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
3480 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
3481 packlist(), version()
3485 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
3491 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
3497 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
3507 =item VMS implementation
3509 =item Win32 implementation
3515 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3522 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
3532 =item Preloaded methods
3534 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
3536 =item SelfLoaded methods
3538 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
3539 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
3540 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
3541 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
3542 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
3544 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
3546 fixin, force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main,
3547 init_others, install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir,
3548 macro (o), makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
3549 maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru
3550 (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
3551 post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
3552 (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
3553 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
3554 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
3555 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
3561 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3570 =item Methods always loaded
3572 eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
3573 rootdir (override), updir (override)
3575 =item SelfLoaded methods
3577 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
3578 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
3579 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
3580 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
3581 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
3582 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
3583 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
3584 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
3585 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
3586 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
3587 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
3588 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
3589 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
3590 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
3595 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3602 catfile, constants (o), static_lib (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o),
3603 canonpath, perl_script, pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit
3604 (override), tools_other (o), xs_o (o), top_targets (o), manifypods (o),
3605 dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
3607 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
3615 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
3617 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
3625 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
3629 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
3631 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
3633 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
3635 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
3637 C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
3638 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, IMPORTS, INC,
3639 INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
3640 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
3641 INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
3642 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
3643 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
3644 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
3645 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
3646 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
3649 =item Additional lowercase attributes
3651 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
3654 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
3656 =item Hintsfile support
3658 =item Distribution Support
3660 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
3661 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
3662 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
3664 =item Disabling an extension
3672 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
3682 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
3686 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
3687 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
3693 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
3699 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
3706 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
3712 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
3722 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
3726 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
3732 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
3740 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
3748 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
3750 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
3756 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
3760 C<basename>, C<dirname>
3762 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
3768 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
3778 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
3786 =item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)
3788 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
3796 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
3802 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
3812 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
3820 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
3830 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
3840 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
3848 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
3854 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
3858 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
3864 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
3874 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
3886 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
3897 =item Linkage specification
3899 =item Aliases and abbreviations
3901 =item Non-option call-back routine
3903 =item Option starters
3905 =item Return values and Errors
3913 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
3915 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
3916 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
3917 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
3918 reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset)
3920 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
3922 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
3926 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
3928 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
3935 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
3942 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
3948 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3956 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3960 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3966 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
3975 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3979 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
3980 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
3981 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
3991 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3999 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
4003 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
4011 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
4022 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
4035 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
4036 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
4037 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
4045 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
4058 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4065 =item IO::Socket::INET
4069 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4072 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4076 hostpath(), peerpath()
4086 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
4096 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
4105 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
4111 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
4117 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
4123 Canonical notation, Input, Output
4131 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
4142 =item STRINGIFICATION
4146 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
4148 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
4154 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
4160 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
4164 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4166 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
4170 =item ANGLE CONVERSIONS
4176 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
4182 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
4192 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
4193 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
4201 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
4214 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
4227 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
4238 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
4251 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
4257 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
4267 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
4269 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
4270 or optag, an operator set (opset)
4272 =item Opcode Functions
4274 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
4275 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
4276 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
4279 =item Manipulating Opsets
4283 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
4285 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
4286 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
4287 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
4294 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
4301 a new namespace, an operator mask
4307 =item RECENT CHANGES
4309 =item Methods in class Safe
4311 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4312 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4313 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4314 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4316 =item Some Safety Issues
4318 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4324 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
4333 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
4345 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
4346 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
4347 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
4348 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
4349 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
4350 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
4351 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
4352 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
4353 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
4354 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
4355 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
4356 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
4357 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
4358 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
4359 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
4360 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
4361 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
4362 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
4363 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
4364 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
4365 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
4366 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
4367 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
4368 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
4369 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
4370 wcstombs, wctomb, write
4376 =item POSIX::SigAction
4382 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
4384 =item POSIX::Termios
4386 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
4387 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
4388 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
4389 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
4390 values, c_oflag field values
4394 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
4398 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
4402 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
4460 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
4468 help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
4469 nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
4481 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
4491 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
4497 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
4503 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
4509 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
4517 =item The __DATA__ token
4519 =item SelfLoader autoloading
4521 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
4523 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
4525 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
4527 =item Classes and inherited methods.
4531 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
4533 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
4541 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
4542 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
4548 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
4549 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
4550 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
4551 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
4552 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
4554 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
4560 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
4568 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
4569 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
4575 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
4576 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_03)
4577 Sets the socket type to be used for the next call to
4578 C<openlog()> or C<syslog()>.
4580 A value of 'unix' will connect to the UNIX domain socket returned by
4581 C<_PATH_LOG> in F<syslog.ph>. If F<syslog.ph> fails to define
4582 C<_PATH_LOG>, C<setlogsock> returns C<undef>; otherwise a true value is
4583 returned. A value of 'inet' will connect to an INET socket returned by
4584 getservbyname(). Any other value croaks, closelog
4594 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
4602 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
4608 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
4616 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
4617 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
4623 =item Minimal set of supported functions
4625 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
4626 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
4628 =item Additional supported functions
4630 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
4636 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
4644 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
4652 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
4660 =item The test script output
4668 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
4669 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
4670 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
4679 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
4687 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
4696 0a simple word, 1multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim, 2use of
4697 quotes to include a space in a word, 3use of a backslash to include a space
4698 in a word, 4use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a
4699 double-quote, 5another simple word (note the lack of effect of the
4700 backslashed double-quote)
4704 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
4717 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
4728 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
4740 =head2 Thread - multithreading
4748 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
4749 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
4750 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
4760 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
4766 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
4768 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
4772 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
4778 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
4780 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
4782 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
4790 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
4794 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
4800 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
4801 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, CLEAR this,
4802 DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST,
4803 SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
4809 =head2 Tie::Handle - base class definitions for tied handles
4815 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
4816 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
4817 READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
4819 =item MORE INFORMATION
4821 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
4827 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
4828 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
4832 =item MORE INFORMATION
4834 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
4848 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
4855 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
4857 =item MORE INFORMATION
4859 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
4867 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
4873 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
4884 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
4895 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
4903 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
4909 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
4910 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
4912 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
4923 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
4934 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
4936 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
4937 don't all have manual pages yet:
4959 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob