2 # !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
3 # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
4 # Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
8 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
12 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
13 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
14 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
16 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
18 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
30 =item Reference Manual
32 =item Internals and C Language Interface
36 =item Language-Specific
38 =item Platform-Specific
62 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
72 =item Running Perl programs
76 =item Basic syntax overview
78 =item Perl variable types
80 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
82 =item Variable scoping
84 =item Conditional and looping constructs
86 if, while, for, foreach
88 =item Builtin operators and functions
90 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
95 =item Regular expressions
97 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
98 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
100 =item Writing subroutines
104 =item Using Perl modules
112 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
118 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
126 =item Making References
128 =item Using References
146 =item Distribution Conditions
152 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
158 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
159 more elaborate constructs
162 X<reference> X<dereference> X<dereferencing> X<pointer>
164 =item COMMON MISTAKES
166 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
167 X<dereference, precedence> X<dereferencing, precedence>
169 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
172 X<data structure, debugging> X<complex data structure, debugging>
173 X<AoA, debugging> X<HoA, debugging> X<AoH, debugging> X<HoH, debugging>
174 X<array of arrays, debugging> X<hash of arrays, debugging>
175 X<array of hashes, debugging> X<hash of hashes, debugging>
179 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
180 X<array of arrays> X<AoA>
184 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
186 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
188 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
192 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
193 X<hash of arrays> X<HoA>
197 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
199 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
201 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
205 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
206 X<array of hashes> X<AoH>
210 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
212 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
214 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
218 =item HASHES OF HASHES
219 X<hass of hashes> X<HoH>
223 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
225 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
227 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
231 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
232 X<record> X<structure> X<struct>
236 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
238 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
240 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
252 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
260 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
262 =item Growing Your Own
264 =item Access and Printing
276 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
286 =item Simple word matching
288 =item Using character classes
290 =item Matching this or that
292 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
294 =item Extracting matches
296 =item Matching repetitions
300 =item Search and replace
302 =item The split operator
310 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
314 =item Acknowledgments
320 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
326 =item Part 1: The basics
330 =item Simple word matching
332 =item Using character classes
334 =item Matching this or that
336 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
338 =item Extracting matches
342 =item Relative backreferences
344 =item Named backreferences
346 =item Alternative capture group numbering
348 =item Position information
350 =item Non-capturing groupings
352 =item Matching repetitions
354 =item Possessive quantifiers
356 =item Building a regexp
358 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
362 =item Part 2: Power tools
366 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
368 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
370 =item Composing regular expressions at runtime
372 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
374 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
376 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
378 =item Conditional expressions
380 =item Defining named patterns
382 =item Recursive patterns
384 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
386 =item Backtracking control verbs
388 =item Pragmas and debugging
396 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
400 =item Acknowledgments
406 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
414 =item If we could talk to the animals...
416 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
418 =item Invoking a barnyard
420 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
422 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
424 =item Inheriting the windpipes
426 =item A few notes about @ISA
428 =item Overriding the methods
430 =item Starting the search from a different place
432 =item The SUPER way of doing things
434 =item Where we're at so far...
436 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
438 =item Invoking an instance method
440 =item Accessing the instance data
442 =item How to build a horse
444 =item Inheriting the constructor
446 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
448 =item Adding parameters to a method
450 =item More interesting instances
452 =item A horse of a different color
464 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
470 =item Creating a Class
474 =item Object Representation
476 =item Class Interface
478 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
480 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
484 =item Other Object Methods
492 =item Accessing Class Data
494 =item Debugging Methods
496 =item Class Destructors
498 =item Documenting the Interface
508 =item Overridden Methods
510 =item Multiple Inheritance
512 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
514 =item Deeper UNIVERSAL details
518 =item Alternate Object Representations
522 =item Arrays as Objects
524 =item Closures as Objects
528 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
532 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
534 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
538 =item Metaclassical Tools
544 =item Data Members as Variables
552 =item Object Terminology
558 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
564 =item Acknowledgments
570 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
576 =item Class Data in a Can
578 =item Class Data as Package Variables
582 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
584 =item Inheritance Concerns
586 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
588 =item Indirect References to Class Data
590 =item Monadic Classes
592 =item Translucent Attributes
596 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
600 =item Privacy and Responsibility
602 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
604 =item More Inheritance Concerns
606 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
608 =item Translucency Revisited
616 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
618 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
624 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
630 =item OO SCALING TIPS
632 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
634 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
636 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
638 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
640 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
642 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
644 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
646 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
648 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
656 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
664 =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
676 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
684 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
702 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
704 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
705 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
706 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
707 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
709 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
711 Symbols starting with "_" no longer forced into main, Double-colon valid
712 package separator in variable name, 2nd and 3rd args to C<splice()> are now
713 in scalar context, Can't do C<goto> into a block that is optimized away,
714 Can't use whitespace as variable name or quote delimiter, C<while/if BLOCK
715 BLOCK> gone, C<**> binds tighter than unary minus, C<foreach> changed when
716 iterating over a list, C<split> with no args behavior changed, B<-e>
717 behavior fixed, C<push> returns number of elements in resulting list, Some
718 error messages differ, C<split()> honors subroutine args, Bugs removed
722 Space between . and = triggers syntax error, Better parsing in perl 5,
723 Function parsing, String interpolation of C<$#array> differs, Perl guesses
724 on C<map>, C<grep> followed by C<{> if it starts BLOCK or hash ref
726 =item Numerical Traps
728 Formatted output and significant digits, Auto-increment operator over
729 signed int limit deleted, Assignment of return values from numeric equality
730 tests doesn't work, Bitwise string ops
732 =item General data type traps
734 Negative array subscripts now count from the end of array, Setting
735 C<$#array> lower now discards array elements, Hashes get defined before
736 use, Glob assignment from localized variable to variable, Assigning
737 C<undef> to glob, Changes in unary negation (of strings), Modifying of
738 constants prohibited, C<defined $var> behavior changed, Variable Suicide
740 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
742 Elements of argument lists for formats evaluated in list context,
743 C<caller()> returns false value in scalar context if no caller present,
744 Comma operator in scalar context gives scalar context to args, C<sprintf()>
745 prototyped as C<($;@)>
747 =item Precedence Traps
749 LHS vs. RHS of any assignment operator, Semantic errors introduced due to
750 precedence, Precedence of assignment operators same as the precedence of
751 assignment, C<open> requires parentheses around filehandle, C<$:>
752 precedence over C<$::> gone, Precedence of file test operators documented,
753 C<keys>, C<each>, C<values> are regular named unary operators
755 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
757 C<s'$lhs'$rhs'> interpolates on either side, C<m//g> attaches its state to
758 the searched string, C<m//o> used within an anonymous sub, C<$+> isn't set
759 to whole match, Substitution now returns null string if it fails,
760 C<s`lhs`rhs`> is now a normal substitution, Stricter parsing of variables
761 in regular expressions, C<m?x?> matches only once, Failed matches don't
762 reset the match variables
764 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
766 Barewords that used to look like strings look like subroutine calls,
767 Reverse is no longer allowed as the name of a sort subroutine, C<warn()>
768 won't let you specify a filehandle
772 SysV resets signal handler correctly, SysV C<seek()> appends correctly
774 =item Interpolation Traps
776 C<@> always interpolates an array in double-quotish strings, Double-quoted
777 strings may no longer end with an unescaped $, Arbitrary expressions are
778 evaluated inside braces within double quotes, C<$$x> now tries to
779 dereference $x, Creation of hashes on the fly with C<eval "EXPR"> requires
780 protection, Bugs in earlier perl versions, Array and hash brackets during
781 interpolation, Interpolation of C<\$$foo{bar}>, C<qq()> string passed to
782 C<eval> will not find string terminator
786 Perl5 must have been linked with same dbm/ndbm as the default for
787 C<dbmopen()>, DBM exceeding limit on the key/value size will cause perl5 to
790 =item Unclassified Traps
792 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
799 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
807 =item Looking at data and -w and v
811 =item Stepping through code
813 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
815 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
833 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl
841 =item Where to get the perlfaq
843 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
845 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
852 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
854 =item Table of Contents
856 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
857 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
858 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
859 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
860 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
866 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
868 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
870 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
872 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
874 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
876 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
878 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
880 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
882 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
888 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 9671 $)
898 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
900 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
902 =item What are perl4, perl5, or perl6?
904 =item What was Ponie?
908 =item How stable is Perl?
910 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
912 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
915 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
917 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
919 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
921 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
923 =item What is a JAPH?
925 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
927 =item How can I convince others to use Perl?
929 http://perltraining.com.au/whyperl.html,
930 http://www.perl.org/advocacy/whyperl.html
936 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
940 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 9462 $)
948 =item What machines support perl? Where do I get it?
950 =item How can I get a binary version of perl?
952 =item I don't have a C compiler. How can I build my own Perl interpreter?
954 =item I copied the perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
957 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
958 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
960 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
961 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
963 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
965 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
967 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
969 =item Where should I post source code?
973 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
975 =item Which magazines have Perl content?
977 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
979 =item Where are the archives for comp.lang.perl.misc?
981 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of perl?
983 =item Where do I send bug reports?
985 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
991 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
995 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 8539 $)
1003 =item How do I do (anything)?
1005 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
1007 =item Is there a Perl shell?
1009 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
1011 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
1013 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
1015 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
1017 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
1019 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
1021 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
1023 Eclipse, Enginsite, Komodo, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, PerlBuilder,
1024 visiPerl+, Visual Perl, Zeus, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis,
1025 Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, Affrus,
1026 Alpha, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite
1028 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
1030 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
1032 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
1034 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
1036 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
1038 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
1040 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
1041 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
1043 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
1045 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
1047 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
1049 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
1051 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
1053 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
1055 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
1057 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
1059 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
1061 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
1063 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl?
1065 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C
1066 program; what am I doing wrong?
1068 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
1070 =item What's MakeMaker?
1076 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1080 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 9491 $)
1090 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
1091 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
1093 =item Why is int() broken?
1095 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
1097 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
1100 =item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
1102 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
1103 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
1104 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
1105 from decimal to binary
1107 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
1109 =item How do I multiply matrices?
1111 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
1113 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
1115 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
1117 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
1125 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
1127 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
1129 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
1131 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
1133 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
1135 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
1137 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
1145 =item How do I validate input?
1147 =item How do I unescape a string?
1149 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
1151 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
1153 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
1155 =item How do I reverse a string?
1157 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
1159 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
1161 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
1163 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1165 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
1168 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
1170 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
1173 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
1175 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
1177 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
1179 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
1181 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
1183 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
1185 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
1187 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
1188 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
1197 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
1199 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
1201 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
1203 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
1206 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
1207 intersection of two arrays?
1209 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
1211 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
1213 =item How do I handle linked lists?
1215 =item How do I handle circular lists?
1217 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
1219 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
1221 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
1223 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
1225 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
1227 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
1229 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
1233 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
1237 =item How do I process an entire hash?
1239 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
1242 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
1244 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
1246 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
1248 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
1249 X<hash tie sort DB_File Tie::IxHash>
1251 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
1253 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
1255 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
1257 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
1259 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
1261 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
1263 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
1266 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
1267 array of hashes or arrays?
1269 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
1277 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
1279 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
1281 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
1283 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
1285 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
1287 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
1289 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
1295 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1299 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 9576 $)
1307 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
1308 X<flush> X<buffer> X<unbuffer> X<autoflush>
1310 =item How do I change, delete, or insert a line in a file, or append to the
1311 beginning of a file?
1314 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
1315 X<file, counting lines> X<lines> X<line>
1317 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
1320 =item How can I copy a file?
1321 X<copy> X<file, copy>
1323 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
1326 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
1327 X<fixed-length> X<file, fixed-length records>
1329 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
1330 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
1331 X<filehandle, local> X<filehandle, passing> X<filehandle, reference>
1333 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
1334 X<filehandle, indirect>
1336 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
1339 =item How can I write() into a string?
1340 X<write, into a string>
1342 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
1345 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
1346 X<tilde> X<tilde expansion>
1348 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
1349 X<clobber> X<read-write> X<clobbering> X<truncate> X<truncating>
1351 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
1353 X<argument list too long>
1355 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
1358 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
1359 X<filename, special characters>
1361 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
1362 X<rename> X<mv> X<move> X<file, rename> X<ren>
1364 =item How can I lock a file?
1365 X<lock> X<file, lock> X<flock>
1367 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
1368 X<lock, lockfile race condition>
1370 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
1371 the file. How can I do this?
1372 X<counter> X<file, counter>
1374 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
1375 file. Do I still have to use locking?
1376 X<append> X<file, append>
1378 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
1379 X<file, binary patch>
1381 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
1382 X<timestamp> X<file, timestamp>
1384 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
1385 X<timestamp> X<file, timestamp>
1387 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
1388 X<print, to multiple files>
1390 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
1391 X<slurp> X<file, slurping>
1393 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
1394 X<file, reading by paragraphs>
1396 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
1397 X<getc> X<file, reading one character at a time>
1399 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
1401 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
1402 X<tail> X<IO::Handle> X<File::Tail> X<clearerr>
1404 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
1407 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
1408 X<file, closing file descriptors> X<POSIX> X<close>
1410 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
1411 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
1412 X<filename, DOS issues>
1414 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
1417 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
1418 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
1420 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
1421 X<file, selecting a random line>
1423 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
1429 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1433 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 8539 $)
1441 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
1442 and unmaintainable code?
1443 X<regex, legibility> X<regexp, legibility>
1444 X<regular expression, legibility> X</x>
1446 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
1448 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
1449 X<regex, multiline> X<regexp, multiline> X<regular expression, multiline>
1451 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
1455 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
1456 X<$/, regexes in> X<$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, regexes in>
1459 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
1461 X<replace, case preserving> X<substitute, case preserving>
1462 X<substitution, case preserving> X<s, case preserving>
1464 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
1467 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
1470 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
1471 X<regex, escaping> X<regexp, escaping> X<regular expression, escaping>
1473 =item What is C</o> really for?
1474 X</o, regular expressions> X<compile, regular expressions>
1476 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
1479 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
1480 X<regex, matching balanced test> X<regexp, matching balanced test>
1481 X<regular expression, matching balanced test>
1483 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
1484 X<greedy> X<greediness>
1486 =item How do I process each word on each line?
1489 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
1491 =item How can I do approximate matching?
1492 X<match, approximate> X<matching, approximate>
1494 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
1495 X<regex, efficiency> X<regexp, efficiency>
1496 X<regular expression, efficiency>
1498 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
1501 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
1502 X<$MATCH> X<$&> X<$POSTMATCH> X<$'> X<$PREMATCH> X<$`>
1504 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
1507 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
1508 X<DFA> X<NFA> X<POSIX>
1510 =item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
1513 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
1514 X<regex, and multibyte characters> X<regexp, and multibyte characters>
1515 X<regular expression, and multibyte characters> X<martian> X<encoding,
1518 =item How do I match a regular expression that's in a variable?
1519 X<regex, in variable> X<eval> X<regex> X<quotemeta> X<\Q, regex>
1520 X<\E, regex>, X<qr//>
1526 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1530 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 9620 $)
1538 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
1540 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
1543 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
1546 =item How do I skip some return values?
1548 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
1550 =item What's an extension?
1552 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
1554 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
1556 =item How do I create a module?
1558 =item How do I create a class?
1560 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
1562 =item What's a closure?
1564 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
1566 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
1569 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
1572 =item How do I create a static variable?
1574 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
1575 Between local() and my()?
1577 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
1580 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
1582 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
1584 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
1586 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
1588 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
1590 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
1593 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1595 =item How can I find out my current package?
1597 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
1599 =item How do I clear a package?
1601 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
1603 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
1609 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1613 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 9667 $)
1621 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
1623 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
1625 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
1627 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
1629 =item How do I print something out in color?
1631 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
1633 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
1635 =item How do I clear the screen?
1637 =item How do I get the screen size?
1639 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
1641 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
1643 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
1645 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
1647 =item How do I start a process in the background?
1649 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
1651 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
1653 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
1655 =item How do I set the time and date?
1657 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
1659 =item How can I measure time under a second?
1661 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
1663 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
1664 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
1666 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
1668 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
1670 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1672 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1674 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1676 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1678 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1680 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1682 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1684 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1687 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1689 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1691 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1693 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1696 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
1697 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
1698 changes to be visible?
1702 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1705 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1707 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1709 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1711 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1713 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1715 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1717 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1719 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1721 =item How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and perl?
1723 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1725 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1727 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1729 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1732 =item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
1734 the PERLLIB environment variable, the PERL5LIB environment variable, the
1735 perl -Idir command line flag, the use lib pragma:
1737 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1743 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1747 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 8539 $)
1755 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
1757 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1760 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1762 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1764 =item How do I extract URLs?
1766 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1767 file on another machine?
1769 =item How do I make an HTML pop-up menu with Perl?
1771 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1773 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1775 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1777 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1779 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1781 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1783 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1784 CGI script to do bad things?
1786 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1788 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1790 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1792 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1794 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1796 =item How do I send mail?
1798 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
1800 =item How do I read mail?
1802 =item How do I find out my hostname, domainname, or IP address?
1803 X<hostname, domainname, IP address, host, domain, hostfqdn, inet_ntoa,
1804 gethostbyname, Socket, Net::Domain, Sys::Hostname>
1806 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1808 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1810 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1816 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1820 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1829 X<declaration> X<undef> X<undefined> X<uninitialized>
1834 =item Simple Statements
1835 X<statement> X<semicolon> X<expression> X<;>
1837 =item Truth and Falsehood
1838 X<truth> X<falsehood> X<true> X<false> X<!> X<not> X<negation> X<0>
1840 =item Statement Modifiers
1841 X<statement modifier> X<modifier> X<if> X<unless> X<while>
1842 X<until> X<foreach> X<for>
1844 =item Compound Statements
1845 X<statement, compound> X<block> X<bracket, curly> X<curly bracket> X<brace>
1846 X<{> X<}> X<if> X<unless> X<while> X<until> X<foreach> X<for> X<continue>
1849 X<loop control> X<loop, control> X<next> X<last> X<redo> X<continue>
1860 =item Switch statements
1861 X<switch> X<case> X<given> X<when> X<default>
1868 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1869 X<POD> X<documentation>
1871 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1872 X<comment> X<line> X<#> X<preprocessor> X<eval>
1878 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1886 =item Variable names
1887 X<variable, name> X<variable name> X<data type> X<type>
1890 X<context> X<scalar context> X<list context>
1893 X<scalar> X<number> X<string> X<reference>
1895 =item Scalar value constructors
1896 X<scalar, literal> X<scalar, constant>
1898 =item List value constructors
1904 X<slice> X<array, slice> X<hash, slice>
1906 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1907 X<typeglob> X<filehandle> X<*>
1915 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1923 =item Operator Precedence and Associativity
1924 X<operator, precedence> X<precedence> X<associativity>
1926 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1927 X<list operator> X<operator, list> X<term>
1929 =item The Arrow Operator
1930 X<arrow> X<dereference> X<< -> >>
1932 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1933 X<increment> X<auto-increment> X<++> X<decrement> X<auto-decrement> X<-->
1935 =item Exponentiation
1936 X<**> X<exponentiation> X<power>
1938 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1939 X<unary operator> X<operator, unary>
1941 =item Binding Operators
1942 X<binding> X<operator, binding> X<=~> X<!~>
1944 =item Multiplicative Operators
1945 X<operator, multiplicative>
1947 =item Additive Operators
1948 X<operator, additive>
1950 =item Shift Operators
1951 X<shift operator> X<operator, shift> X<<< << >>>
1952 X<<< >> >>> X<right shift> X<left shift> X<bitwise shift>
1953 X<shl> X<shr> X<shift, right> X<shift, left>
1955 =item Named Unary Operators
1956 X<operator, named unary>
1958 =item Relational Operators
1959 X<relational operator> X<operator, relational>
1961 =item Equality Operators
1962 X<equality> X<equal> X<equals> X<operator, equality>
1965 X<operator, bitwise, and> X<bitwise and> X<&>
1967 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1968 X<operator, bitwise, or> X<bitwise or> X<|> X<operator, bitwise, xor>
1971 =item C-style Logical And
1972 X<&&> X<logical and> X<operator, logical, and>
1974 =item C-style Logical Or
1975 X<||> X<operator, logical, or>
1977 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
1978 X<//> X<operator, logical, defined-or>
1980 =item Range Operators
1981 X<operator, range> X<range> X<..> X<...>
1983 =item Conditional Operator
1984 X<operator, conditional> X<operator, ternary> X<ternary> X<?:>
1986 =item Assignment Operators
1987 X<assignment> X<operator, assignment> X<=> X<**=> X<+=> X<*=> X<&=>
1988 X<<< <<= >>> X<&&=> X<-=> X</=> X<|=> X<<< >>= >>> X<||=> X<//=> X<.=>
1991 =item Comma Operator
1992 X<comma> X<operator, comma> X<,>
1994 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1995 X<operator, list, rightward> X<list operator>
1998 X<operator, logical, not> X<not>
2001 X<operator, logical, and> X<and>
2003 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
2004 X<operator, logical, or> X<operator, logical, xor> X<operator, logical,
2006 X<operator, logical, defined or> X<operator, logical, exclusive or>
2009 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
2010 X<operator, missing from perl> X<&> X<*>
2011 X<typecasting> X<(TYPE)>
2013 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
2015 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
2016 X<operator, quote> X<operator, quote-like> X<q> X<qq> X<qx> X<qw> X<m>
2017 X<qr> X<s> X<tr> X<'> X<''> X<"> X<""> X<//> X<`> X<``> X<<< << >>>
2018 X<escape sequence> X<escape>
2020 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
2023 qr/STRING/msixpo X<qr> X</i> X</m> X</o> X</s> X</x> X</p>,
2024 m/PATTERN/msixpogc X<m> X<operator, match> X<regexp, options> X<regexp>
2025 X<regex, options> X<regex> X</m> X</s> X</i> X</x> X</p> X</o> X</g> X</c>,
2026 /PATTERN/msixpogc, ?PATTERN? X<?>, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/msixpogce
2027 X<substitute> X<substitution> X<replace> X<regexp, replace> X<regexp,
2028 substitute> X</m> X</s> X</i> X</x> X</p> X</o> X</g> X</c> X</e>
2030 =item Quote-Like Operators
2031 X<operator, quote-like>
2033 q/STRING/ X<q> X<quote, single> X<'> X<''>, 'STRING', qq/STRING/ X<qq>
2034 X<quote, double> X<"> X<"">, "STRING", qx/STRING/ X<qx> X<`> X<``>
2035 X<backtick>, `STRING`, qw/STRING/ X<qw> X<quote, list> X<quote, words>,
2036 tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds X<tr> X<y> X<transliterate> X</c> X</d>
2037 X</s>, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF X<here-doc> X<heredoc>
2038 X<here-document> X<<< << >>>, Double Quotes, Single Quotes, Backticks
2040 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
2041 X<quote, gory details>
2043 Finding the end, Interpolation X<interpolation>, C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, the
2044 pattern of C<s'''>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<tr'''>, C<y'''>, the replacement of
2045 C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<"">, C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob>
2046 >>, C<<<"EOF">, the replacement of C<s///>, C<RE> in C<?RE?>, C</RE/>,
2047 C<m/RE/>, C<s/RE/foo/>,, parsing regular expressions X<regexp, parse>,
2048 Optimization of regular expressions X<regexp, optimization>
2051 X<operator, i/o> X<operator, io> X<io> X<while> X<filehandle>
2054 =item Constant Folding
2055 X<constant folding> X<folding>
2060 =item Bitwise String Operators
2061 X<operator, bitwise, string>
2063 =item Integer Arithmetic
2066 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
2067 X<floating-point> X<floating point> X<float> X<real>
2069 =item Bigger Numbers
2070 X<number, arbitrary precision>
2076 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
2086 =item Private Variables via my()
2087 X<my> X<variable, lexical> X<lexical> X<lexical variable> X<scope, lexical>
2088 X<lexical scope> X<attributes, my>
2090 =item Persistent Private Variables
2091 X<state> X<state variable> X<static> X<variable, persistent> X<variable,
2094 =item Temporary Values via local()
2095 X<local> X<scope, dynamic> X<dynamic scope> X<variable, local>
2096 X<variable, temporary>
2098 =item Lvalue subroutines
2099 X<lvalue> X<subroutine, lvalue>
2101 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
2103 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
2106 =item When to Still Use local()
2107 X<local> X<variable, local>
2109 =item Pass by Reference
2110 X<pass by reference> X<pass-by-reference> X<reference>
2113 X<prototype> X<subroutine, prototype>
2115 =item Constant Functions
2118 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
2119 X<built-in> X<override> X<CORE> X<CORE::GLOBAL>
2122 X<autoloading> X<AUTOLOAD>
2124 =item Subroutine Attributes
2125 X<attribute> X<subroutine, attribute> X<attrs>
2133 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
2141 =item Perl Functions by Category
2144 Functions for SCALARs or strings X<scalar> X<string> X<character>, Regular
2145 expressions and pattern matching X<regular expression> X<regex> X<regexp>,
2146 Numeric functions X<numeric> X<number> X<trigonometric> X<trigonometry>,
2147 Functions for real @ARRAYs X<array>, Functions for list data X<list>,
2148 Functions for real %HASHes X<hash>, Input and output functions X<I/O>
2149 X<input> X<output> X<dbm>, Functions for fixed length data or records,
2150 Functions for filehandles, files, or directories X<file> X<filehandle>
2151 X<directory> X<pipe> X<link> X<symlink>, Keywords related to the control
2152 flow of your Perl program X<control flow>, Keywords related to switch,
2153 Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for
2154 processes and process groups X<process> X<pid> X<process id>, Keywords
2155 related to perl modules X<module>, Keywords related to classes and
2156 object-orientedness X<object> X<class> X<package>, Low-level socket
2157 functions X<socket> X<sock>, System V interprocess communication functions
2158 X<IPC> X<System V> X<semaphore> X<shared memory> X<memory> X<message>,
2159 Fetching user and group info X<user> X<group> X<password> X<uid> X<gid>
2160 X<passwd> X</etc/passwd>, Fetching network info X<network> X<protocol>
2161 X<host> X<hostname> X<IP> X<address> X<service>, Time-related functions
2162 X<time> X<date>, Functions new in perl5 X<perl5>, Functions obsoleted in
2166 X<portability> X<Unix> X<portable>
2168 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2171 X<-r>X<-w>X<-x>X<-o>X<-R>X<-W>X<-X>X<-O>X<-e>X<-z>X<-s>X<-f>X<-d>X<-l>X<-p>
2172 X<-S>X<-b>X<-c>X<-t>X<-u>X<-g>X<-k>X<-T>X<-B>X<-M>X<-A>X<-C>, -I<X> EXPR,
2173 -I<X> DIRHANDLE, -I<X>, abs VALUE X<abs> X<absolute>, abs, accept
2174 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET X<accept>, alarm SECONDS X<alarm> X<SIGALRM>
2175 X<timer>, alarm, atan2 Y,X X<atan2> X<arctangent> X<tan> X<tangent>, bind
2176 SOCKET,NAME X<bind>, binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER X<binmode> X<binary> X<text>
2177 X<DOS> X<Windows>, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME X<bless>, bless
2178 REF, break, caller EXPR X<caller> X<call stack> X<stack> X<stack trace>,
2179 caller, chdir EXPR X<chdir> X<cd> X<directory, change>, chdir FILEHANDLE,
2180 chdir DIRHANDLE, chdir, chmod LIST X<chmod> X<permission> X<mode>, chomp
2181 VARIABLE X<chomp> X<INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR> X<$/> X<newline> X<eol>, chomp(
2182 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE X<chop>, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST
2183 X<chown> X<owner> X<user> X<group>, chr NUMBER X<chr> X<character> X<ASCII>
2184 X<Unicode>, chr, chroot FILENAME X<chroot> X<root>, chroot, close
2185 FILEHANDLE X<close>, close, closedir DIRHANDLE X<closedir>, connect
2186 SOCKET,NAME X<connect>, continue BLOCK X<continue>, continue, cos EXPR
2187 X<cos> X<cosine> X<acos> X<arccosine>, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT X<crypt>
2188 X<digest> X<hash> X<salt> X<plaintext> X<password> X<decrypt>
2189 X<cryptography> X<passwd> X<encrypt>, dbmclose HASH X<dbmclose>, dbmopen
2190 HASH,DBNAME,MASK X<dbmopen> X<dbm> X<ndbm> X<sdbm> X<gdbm>, defined EXPR
2191 X<defined> X<undef> X<undefined>, defined, delete EXPR X<delete>, die LIST
2192 X<die> X<throw> X<exception> X<raise> X<$@> X<abort>, do BLOCK X<do>
2193 X<block>, do SUBROUTINE(LIST) X<do>, do EXPR X<do>, dump LABEL X<dump>
2194 X<core> X<undump>, dump, each HASH X<each> X<hash, iterator>, eof
2195 FILEHANDLE X<eof> X<end of file> X<end-of-file>, eof (), eof, eval EXPR
2196 X<eval> X<try> X<catch> X<evaluate> X<parse> X<execute> X<error, handling>
2197 X<exception, handling>, eval BLOCK, eval, exec LIST X<exec> X<execute>,
2198 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR X<exists> X<autovivification>, exit EXPR
2199 X<exit> X<terminate> X<abort>, exit, exp EXPR X<exp> X<exponential>
2200 X<antilog> X<antilogarithm> X<e>, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR
2201 X<fcntl>, fileno FILEHANDLE X<fileno>, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION X<flock>
2202 X<lock> X<locking>, fork X<fork> X<child> X<parent>, format X<format>,
2203 formline PICTURE,LIST X<formline>, getc FILEHANDLE X<getc> X<getchar>
2204 X<character> X<file, read>, getc, getlogin X<getlogin> X<login>,
2205 getpeername SOCKET X<getpeername> X<peer>, getpgrp PID X<getpgrp> X<group>,
2206 getppid X<getppid> X<parent> X<pid>, getpriority WHICH,WHO X<getpriority>
2207 X<priority> X<nice>, getpwnam NAME X<getpwnam> X<getgrnam> X<gethostbyname>
2208 X<getnetbyname> X<getprotobyname> X<getpwuid> X<getgrgid> X<getservbyname>
2209 X<gethostbyaddr> X<getnetbyaddr> X<getprotobynumber> X<getservbyport>
2210 X<getpwent> X<getgrent> X<gethostent> X<getnetent> X<getprotoent>
2211 X<getservent> X<setpwent> X<setgrent> X<sethostent> X<setnetent>
2212 X<setprotoent> X<setservent> X<endpwent> X<endgrent> X<endhostent>
2213 X<endnetent> X<endprotoent> X<endservent>, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname
2214 NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
2215 getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr
2216 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
2217 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
2218 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
2219 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
2220 endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET X<getsockname>, getsockopt
2221 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME X<getsockopt>, glob EXPR X<glob> X<wildcard>
2222 X<filename, expansion> X<expand>, glob, gmtime EXPR X<gmtime> X<UTC>
2223 X<Greenwich>, gmtime, goto LABEL X<goto> X<jump> X<jmp>, goto EXPR, goto
2224 &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST X<grep>, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR X<hex>
2225 X<hexadecimal>, hex, import LIST X<import>, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION
2226 X<index> X<indexOf> X<InStr>, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR X<int> X<integer>
2227 X<truncate> X<trunc> X<floor>, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR
2228 X<ioctl>, join EXPR,LIST X<join>, keys HASH X<keys> X<key>, kill SIGNAL,
2229 LIST X<kill> X<signal>, last LABEL X<last> X<break>, last, lc EXPR X<lc>
2230 X<lowercase>, lc, lcfirst EXPR X<lcfirst> X<lowercase>, lcfirst, length
2231 EXPR X<length> X<size>, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE X<link>, listen
2232 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE X<listen>, local EXPR X<local>, localtime EXPR
2233 X<localtime> X<ctime>, localtime, lock THING X<lock>, log EXPR X<log>
2234 X<logarithm> X<e> X<ln> X<base>, log, lstat EXPR X<lstat>, lstat, m//, map
2235 BLOCK LIST X<map>, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK X<mkdir> X<md>
2236 X<directory, create>, mkdir FILENAME, mkdir, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG X<msgctl>,
2237 msgget KEY,FLAGS X<msgget>, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS X<msgrcv>, msgsnd
2238 ID,MSG,FLAGS X<msgsnd>, my EXPR X<my>, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my
2239 TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL X<next> X<continue>, next, no Module VERSION
2240 LIST X<no>, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, no VERSION, oct
2241 EXPR X<oct> X<octal> X<hex> X<hexadecimal> X<binary> X<bin>, oct, open
2242 FILEHANDLE,EXPR X<open> X<pipe> X<file, open> X<fopen>, open
2243 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
2244 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR
2245 X<opendir>, ord EXPR X<ord> X<encoding>, ord, our EXPR X<our> X<global>,
2246 our TYPE EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST
2247 X<pack>, package NAMESPACE X<package> X<module> X<namespace>, package, pipe
2248 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE X<pipe>, pop ARRAY X<pop> X<stack>, pop, pos SCALAR
2249 X<pos> X<match, position>, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST X<print>, print LIST,
2250 print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST X<printf>, printf FORMAT, LIST,
2251 prototype FUNCTION X<prototype>, push ARRAY,LIST X<push> X<stack>,
2252 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR
2253 X<quotemeta> X<metacharacter>, quotemeta, rand EXPR X<rand> X<random>,
2254 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET X<read> X<file, read>, read
2255 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE X<readdir>, readline EXPR,
2256 readline X<readline> X<gets> X<fgets>, readlink EXPR X<readlink>, readlink,
2257 readpipe EXPR, readpipe X<readpipe>, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS
2258 X<recv>, redo LABEL X<redo>, redo, ref EXPR X<ref> X<reference>, ref,
2259 rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME X<rename> X<move> X<mv> X<ren>, require VERSION
2260 X<require>, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR X<reset>, reset, return EXPR
2261 X<return>, return, reverse LIST X<reverse> X<rev> X<invert>, rewinddir
2262 DIRHANDLE X<rewinddir>, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION X<rindex>, rindex
2263 STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME X<rmdir> X<rd> X<directory, remove>, rmdir,
2264 s///, say FILEHANDLE LIST X<say>, say LIST, say, scalar EXPR X<scalar>
2265 X<context>, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE X<seek> X<fseek> X<filehandle,
2266 position>, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS X<seekdir>, select FILEHANDLE X<select>
2267 X<filehandle, default>, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT X<select>,
2268 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG X<semctl>, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS X<semget>, semop
2269 KEY,OPSTRING X<semop>, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO X<send>, send
2270 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP X<setpgrp> X<group>, setpriority
2271 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY X<setpriority> X<priority> X<nice> X<renice>, setsockopt
2272 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL X<setsockopt>, shift ARRAY X<shift>, shift,
2273 shmctl ID,CMD,ARG X<shmctl>, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS X<shmget>, shmread
2274 ID,VAR,POS,SIZE X<shmread> X<shmwrite>, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE,
2275 shutdown SOCKET,HOW X<shutdown>, sin EXPR X<sin> X<sine> X<asin>
2276 X<arcsine>, sin, sleep EXPR X<sleep> X<pause>, sleep, socket
2277 SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL X<socket>, socketpair
2278 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL X<socketpair>, sort SUBNAME LIST
2279 X<sort> X<qsort> X<quicksort> X<mergesort>, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST,
2280 splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST X<splice>, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
2281 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT X<split>,
2282 split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST
2283 X<sprintf>, format parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width,
2284 precision, or maximum width X<precision>, size, order of arguments, sqrt
2285 EXPR X<sqrt> X<root> X<square root>, sqrt, srand EXPR X<srand> X<seed>
2286 X<randseed>, srand, stat FILEHANDLE X<stat> X<file, status> X<ctime>, stat
2287 EXPR, stat DIRHANDLE, stat, state EXPR X<state>, state TYPE EXPR, state
2288 EXPR : ATTRS, state TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, study SCALAR X<study>, study, sub
2289 NAME BLOCK X<sub>, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME
2290 (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT X<substr>
2291 X<substring> X<mid> X<left> X<right>, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
2292 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE X<symlink> X<link> X<symbolic link>
2293 X<link, symbolic>, syscall NUMBER, LIST X<syscall> X<system call>, sysopen
2294 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE X<sysopen>, sysopen
2295 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET
2296 X<sysread>, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
2297 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE X<sysseek> X<lseek>, system LIST X<system>
2298 X<shell>, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET
2299 X<syswrite>, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,
2300 tell FILEHANDLE X<tell>, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE X<telldir>, tie
2301 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST X<tie>, tied VARIABLE X<tied>, time X<time>
2302 X<epoch>, times X<times>, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH X<truncate>,
2303 truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR X<uc> X<uppercase> X<toupper>, uc, ucfirst
2304 EXPR X<ucfirst> X<uppercase>, ucfirst, umask EXPR X<umask>, umask, undef
2305 EXPR X<undef> X<undefine>, undef, unlink LIST X<unlink> X<delete> X<remove>
2306 X<rm> X<del>, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR X<unpack>, unpack TEMPLATE,
2307 untie VARIABLE X<untie>, unshift ARRAY,LIST X<unshift>, use Module VERSION
2308 LIST X<use> X<module> X<import>, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use
2309 Module, use VERSION, utime LIST X<utime>, values HASH X<values>, vec
2310 EXPR,OFFSET,BITS X<vec> X<bit> X<bit vector>, wait X<wait>, waitpid
2311 PID,FLAGS X<waitpid>, wantarray X<wantarray> X<context>, warn LIST X<warn>
2312 X<warning> X<STDERR>, write FILEHANDLE X<write>, write EXPR, write, y///
2318 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
2324 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
2330 =item Indirect Filehandles
2334 =item The Minus File
2336 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
2342 =item Open E<agrave> la C
2346 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
2350 =item Obscure Open Tricks
2354 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
2356 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
2358 =item Paths as Opens
2360 =item Single Argument Open
2362 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
2366 =item Other I/O Issues
2370 =item Opening Non-File Files
2372 =item Opening Named Pipes
2374 =item Opening Sockets
2386 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
2392 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
2398 =item The Basic Principle
2402 =item Packing Numbers
2408 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
2410 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
2412 =item Byte-order modifiers
2414 =item Floating point Numbers
2418 =item Exotic Templates
2430 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
2434 =item Template Grouping
2436 =item Lengths and Widths
2440 =item String Lengths
2442 =item Dynamic Templates
2444 =item Counting Repetitions
2448 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
2452 =item The Alignment Pit
2454 =item Dealing with Endian-ness
2456 =item Alignment, Take 2
2458 =item Alignment, Take 3
2460 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
2466 =item Funnies Section
2472 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
2480 =item Ordinary Paragraph
2481 X<POD, ordinary paragraph>
2483 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2484 X<POD, verbatim paragraph> X<verbatim>
2486 =item Command Paragraph
2489 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>> X<=head1> X<=head2> X<=head3> X<=head4> X<head1>
2490 X<head2> X<head3> X<head4>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
2491 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>> X<=over>
2492 X<=item> X<=back> X<over> X<item> X<back>, C<=item I<stuff...>>, C<=back>,
2493 C<=cut> X<=cut> X<cut>, C<=pod> X<=pod> X<pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>
2494 X<=begin> X<=end> X<=for> X<begin> X<end> X<for>, C<=end I<formatname>>,
2495 C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding I<encodingname>> X<=encoding>
2498 =item Formatting Codes
2499 X<POD, formatting code> X<formatting code>
2500 X<POD, interior sequence> X<interior sequence>
2502 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text X<I> X<< IZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting
2503 code, italic> X<italic>, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text X<B> X<< BZ<><> >>
2504 X<POD, formatting code, bold> X<bold>, C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text X<C>
2505 X<< CZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, code> X<code>, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> --
2506 a hyperlink X<L> X<< LZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, hyperlink>
2507 X<hyperlink>, C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape X<E> X<< EZ<><> >>
2508 X<POD, formatting code, escape> X<escape>, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
2509 for filenames X<F> X<< FZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, filename>
2510 X<filename>, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces X<S>
2511 X<< SZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, non-breaking space> X<non-breaking
2512 space>, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry X<X> X<< XZ<><> >>
2513 X<POD, formatting code, index entry> X<index entry>, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2514 null (zero-effect) formatting code X<Z> X<< ZZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting
2520 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2523 =item Hints for Writing Pod
2525 X<podchecker> X<POD, validating>
2535 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
2542 =item Pod Definitions
2546 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
2547 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
2548 "=encoding encodingname"
2550 =item Pod Formatting Codes
2552 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2553 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
2554 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2555 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2556 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
2557 contains non-breaking spaces
2559 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
2561 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
2563 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
2565 =item About =over...=back Regions
2567 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
2575 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
2585 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
2588 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
2590 =item Location of Perl
2591 X<perl, location of interpreter>
2593 =item Command Switches
2594 X<perl, command switches> X<command switches>
2596 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>] X<-0> X<$/>, B<-a> X<-a> X<autosplit>, B<-C
2597 [I<number/list>]> X<-C>, B<-c> X<-c>, B<-d> X<-d> X<-dt>, B<-dt>,
2598 B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]> X<-d> X<-dt>, B<-dt:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
2599 B<-D>I<letters> X<-D> X<DEBUGGING> X<-DDEBUGGING>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e>
2600 I<commandline> X<-e>, B<-E> I<commandline> X<-E>, B<-f> X<-f>,
2601 B<-F>I<pattern> X<-F>, B<-h> X<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>] X<-i> X<in-place>,
2602 B<-I>I<directory> X<-I> X<@INC>, B<-l>[I<octnum>] X<-l> X<$/> X<$\>,
2603 B<-m>[B<->]I<module> X<-m> X<-M>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>,
2604 B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>
2605 X<-n>, B<-p> X<-p>, B<-P> X<-P>, B<-s> X<-s>, B<-S> X<-S>, B<-t> X<-t>,
2606 B<-T> X<-T>, B<-u> X<-u>, B<-U> X<-U>, B<-v> X<-v>, B<-V> X<-V>,
2607 B<-V:>I<configvar>, B<-w> X<-w>, B<-W> X<-W>, B<-X> X<-X>, B<-x> X<-x>,
2613 X<perl, environment variables>
2615 HOME X<HOME>, LOGDIR X<LOGDIR>, PATH X<PATH>, PERL5LIB X<PERL5LIB>,
2616 PERL5OPT X<PERL5OPT>, PERLIO X<PERLIO>, :bytes X<:bytes>, :crlf X<:crlf>,
2617 :mmap X<:mmap>, :perlio X<:perlio>, :pop X<:pop>, :raw X<:raw>, :stdio
2618 X<:stdio>, :unix X<:unix>, :utf8 X<:utf8>, :win32 X<:win32>, PERLIO_DEBUG
2619 X<PERLIO_DEBUG>, PERLLIB X<PERLLIB>, PERL5DB X<PERL5DB>, PERL5DB_THREADED
2620 X<PERL5DB_THREADED>, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port) X<PERL5SHELL>,
2621 PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP (specific to the Win32 port)
2622 X<PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP>, PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS X<PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS>,
2623 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL X<PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL>, PERL_DL_NONLAZY
2624 X<PERL_DL_NONLAZY>, PERL_ENCODING X<PERL_ENCODING>, PERL_HASH_SEED
2625 X<PERL_HASH_SEED>, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG X<PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG>, PERL_ROOT
2626 (specific to the VMS port) X<PERL_ROOT>, PERL_SIGNALS X<PERL_SIGNALS>,
2627 PERL_UNICODE X<PERL_UNICODE>, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
2632 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2640 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
2648 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
2650 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
2652 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
2654 B<-w> X<-w>, B<-W> X<-W>, B<-X> X<-X>
2656 =item Backward Compatibility
2658 =item Category Hierarchy
2659 X<warning, categories>
2661 =item Fatal Warnings
2664 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
2665 X<warning, reporting> X<warning, registering>
2677 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2683 =item The Perl Debugger
2687 =item Debugger Commands
2689 h X<debugger command, h>, h [command], h h, p expr X<debugger command, p>,
2690 x [maxdepth] expr X<debugger command, x>, V [pkg [vars]] X<debugger
2691 command, V>, X [vars] X<debugger command, X>, y [level [vars]] X<debugger
2692 command, y>, T X<debugger command, T> X<backtrace> X<stack, backtrace>, s
2693 [expr] X<debugger command, s> X<step>, n [expr] X<debugger command, n>, r
2694 X<debugger command, r>, <CR>, c [line|sub] X<debugger command, c>, l
2695 X<debugger command, l>, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -
2696 X<debugger command, ->, v [line] X<debugger command, v>, . X<debugger
2697 command, .>, f filename X<debugger command, f>, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L
2698 [abw] X<debugger command, L>, S [[!]regex] X<debugger command, S>, t
2699 X<debugger command, t>, t expr X<debugger command, t>, b X<breakpoint>
2700 X<debugger command, b>, b [line] [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger
2701 command, b>, b subname [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b
2702 postpone subname [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b load
2703 filename X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b compile subname
2704 X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, B line X<breakpoint> X<debugger
2705 command, B>, B * X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, B>, a [line] command
2706 X<debugger command, a>, A line X<debugger command, A>, A * X<debugger
2707 command, A>, w expr X<debugger command, w>, W expr X<debugger command, W>,
2708 W * X<debugger command, W>, o X<debugger command, o>, o booloption ...
2709 X<debugger command, o>, o anyoption? ... X<debugger command, o>, o
2710 option=value ... X<debugger command, o>, < ? X<< debugger command, < >>, <
2711 [ command ] X<< debugger command, < >>, < * X<< debugger command, < >>, <<
2712 command X<< debugger command, << >>, > ? X<< debugger command, > >>, >
2713 command X<< debugger command, > >>, > * X<< debugger command, > >>, >>
2714 command X<<< debugger command, >> >>>, { ? X<debugger command, {>, { [
2715 command ], { * X<debugger command, {>, {{ command X<debugger command, {{>,
2716 ! number X<debugger command, !>, ! -number X<debugger command, !>, !
2717 pattern X<debugger command, !>, !! cmd X<debugger command, !!>, source file
2718 X<debugger command, source>, H -number X<debugger command, H>, q or ^D
2719 X<debugger command, q> X<debugger command, ^D>, R X<debugger command, R>,
2720 |dbcmd X<debugger command, |>, ||dbcmd X<debugger command, ||>, command, m
2721 expr X<debugger command, m>, M X<debugger command, M>, man [manpage]
2722 X<debugger command, man>
2724 =item Configurable Options
2726 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang> X<debugger option, recallCommand> X<debugger
2727 option, ShellBang>, C<pager> X<debugger option, pager>, C<tkRunning>
2728 X<debugger option, tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>
2729 X<debugger option, signalLevel> X<debugger option, warnLevel> X<debugger
2730 option, dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace> X<debugger option, AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>
2731 X<debugger option, LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit> X<debugger option,
2732 inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet> X<debugger option, PrintRet>, C<ornaments>
2733 X<debugger option, ornaments>, C<frame> X<debugger option, frame>,
2734 C<maxTraceLen> X<debugger option, maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize> X<debugger
2735 option, windowSize>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth> X<debugger option,
2736 arrayDepth> X<debugger option, hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth> X<debugger option,
2737 dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact> X<debugger option, compactDump>
2738 X<debugger option, veryCompact>, C<globPrint> X<debugger option,
2739 globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles> X<debugger option, DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>
2740 X<debugger option, DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused> X<debugger option,
2741 DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint> X<debugger option, quote>
2742 X<debugger option, HighBit> X<debugger option, undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>
2743 X<debugger option, UsageOnly>, C<TTY> X<debugger option, TTY>, C<noTTY>
2744 X<debugger option, noTTY>, C<ReadLine> X<debugger option, ReadLine>,
2745 C<NonStop> X<debugger option, NonStop>
2747 =item Debugger input/output
2749 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace X<backtrace> X<stack,
2750 backtrace>, Line Listing Format, Frame listing
2752 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2754 =item Debugger Customization
2756 =item Readline Support
2758 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2760 =item The Perl Profiler
2761 X<profile> X<profiling> X<profiler>
2765 =item Debugging regular expressions
2766 X<regular expression, debugging>
2767 X<regex, debugging> X<regexp, debugging>
2769 =item Debugging memory usage
2778 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
2786 =item Predefined Names
2788 $ARG, $_ X<$_> X<$ARG>, $a, $b X<$a> X<$b>, $<I<digits>> X<$1> X<$2> X<$3>,
2789 $MATCH, $& X<$&> X<$MATCH>, ${^MATCH} X<${^MATCH}>, $PREMATCH, $` X<$`>
2790 X<$PREMATCH>, ${^PREMATCH} X<${^PREMATCH}>, $POSTMATCH, $' X<$'>
2791 X<$POSTMATCH>, ${^POSTMATCH} X<${^POSTMATCH}>, $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+ X<$+>
2792 X<$LAST_PAREN_MATCH>, $^N X<$^N>, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+ X<@+>
2793 X<@LAST_MATCH_END>, %+ X<%+>, HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR),
2794 $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $. X<$.> X<$NR> X<$INPUT_LINE_NUMBER> X<line
2795 number>, IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR,
2796 $RS, $/ X<$/> X<$RS> X<$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR>, HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR),
2797 $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $| X<$|> X<autoflush> X<flush> X<$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH>,
2798 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,
2799 X<$,> X<$OFS> X<$OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR>,
2800 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
2801 $\ X<$\> X<$ORS> X<$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR>, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $" X<$">
2802 X<$LIST_SEPARATOR>, $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $; X<$;> X<$SUBSEP>
2803 X<SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR>, HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR),
2804 $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $% X<$%> X<$FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER>,
2805 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $= X<$=>
2806 X<$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE>, HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR),
2807 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $- X<$-> X<$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT>, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-
2808 X<@-> X<@LAST_MATCH_START>, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>,
2809 C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the
2810 same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1],
2811 $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] -
2812 $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, %-
2813 X<%->, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_NAME, $~ X<$~> X<$FORMAT_NAME>,
2814 HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^ X<$^>
2815 X<$FORMAT_TOP_NAME>, IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
2816 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $: X<$:> X<FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS>,
2817 IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L X<$^L>
2818 X<$FORMAT_FORMFEED>, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A X<$^A> X<$ACCUMULATOR>,
2819 $CHILD_ERROR, $? X<$?> X<$CHILD_ERROR>, ${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}
2820 X<$^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE>, ${^ENCODING} X<$^ENCODING>, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!
2821 X<$!> X<$ERRNO> X<$OS_ERROR>, %! X<%!>, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E X<$^E>
2822 X<$EXTENDED_OS_ERROR>, $EVAL_ERROR, $@ X<$@> X<$EVAL_ERROR>, $PROCESS_ID,
2823 $PID, $$ X<$$> X<$PID> X<$PROCESS_ID>, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $< X<< $< >>
2824 X<$UID> X<$REAL_USER_ID>, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $> X<< $> >> X<$EUID>
2825 X<$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $( X<$(> X<$GID>
2826 X<$REAL_GROUP_ID>, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $) X<$)> X<$EGID>
2827 X<$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID>, $PROGRAM_NAME, $0 X<$0> X<$PROGRAM_NAME>, $[ X<$[>,
2828 $] X<$]>, $COMPILING, $^C X<$^C> X<$COMPILING>, $DEBUGGING, $^D X<$^D>
2829 X<$DEBUGGING>, ${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS}, ${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F
2830 X<$^F> X<$SYSTEM_FD_MAX>, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I X<$^I>
2831 X<$INPLACE_EDIT>, $^M X<$^M>, $OSNAME, $^O X<$^O> X<$OSNAME>, ${^OPEN},
2832 $PERLDB, $^P X<$^P> X<$PERLDB>, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40,
2833 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R X<$^R>
2834 X<$LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT>, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S X<$^S>
2835 X<$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT>, $BASETIME, $^T X<$^T> X<$BASETIME>, ${^TAINT},
2836 ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8CACHE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V X<$^V>
2837 X<$PERL_VERSION>, $WARNING, $^W X<$^W> X<$WARNING>, ${^WARNING_BITS},
2838 ${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X X<$^X> X<$EXECUTABLE_NAME>,
2839 ARGV X<ARGV>, $ARGV X<$ARGV>, @ARGV X<@ARGV>, ARGVOUT X<ARGVOUT>, @F X<@F>,
2840 @INC X<@INC>, @ARG, @_ X<@_> X<@ARG>, %INC X<%INC>, %ENV, $ENV{expr}
2841 X<%ENV>, %SIG, $SIG{expr} X<%SIG>
2843 =item Error Indicators
2844 X<error> X<exception>
2846 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
2854 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
2864 m X</m> X<regex, multiline> X<regexp, multiline> X<regular expression,
2865 multiline>, s X</s> X<regex, single-line> X<regexp, single-line> X<regular
2866 expression, single-line>, i X</i> X<regex, case-insensitive> X<regexp,
2867 case-insensitive> X<regular expression, case-insensitive>, x X</x>, p X</p>
2868 X<regex, preserve> X<regexp, preserve>
2870 =item Regular Expressions
2872 [1], [2], [3], cntrl X<cntrl>, graph X<graph>, print X<print>, punct
2873 X<punct>, xdigit X<xdigit>
2875 =item Extended Patterns
2877 C<(?#text)> X<(?#)>, C<(?pimsx-imsx)> X<(?)>, C<(?:pattern)> X<(?:)>,
2878 C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, C<(?|pattern)> X<(?|)> X<Branch reset>,
2879 Look-Around Assertions X<look-around assertion> X<lookaround assertion>
2880 X<look-around> X<lookaround>, C<(?=pattern)> X<(?=)> X<look-ahead,
2881 positive> X<lookahead, positive>, C<(?!pattern)> X<(?!)> X<look-ahead,
2882 negative> X<lookahead, negative>, C<(?<=pattern)> C<\K> X<(?<=)>
2883 X<look-behind, positive> X<lookbehind, positive> X<\K>, C<(?<!pattern)>
2884 X<(?<!)> X<look-behind, negative> X<lookbehind, negative>,
2885 C<(?'NAME'pattern)>, C<< (?<NAME>pattern) >> X<< (?<NAME>) >> X<(?'NAME')>
2886 X<named capture> X<capture>, C<< \k<NAME> >>, C<< \k'NAME' >>, C<(?{ code
2887 })> X<(?{})> X<regex, code in> X<regexp, code in> X<regular expression,
2888 code in>, C<(??{ code })> X<(??{})> X<regex, postponed> X<regexp,
2889 postponed> X<regular expression, postponed>, C<(?PARNO)> C<(?-PARNO)>
2890 C<(?+PARNO)> C<(?R)> C<(?0)> X<(?PARNO)> X<(?1)> X<(?R)> X<(?0)> X<(?-1)>
2891 X<(?+1)> X<(?-PARNO)> X<(?+PARNO)> X<regex, recursive> X<regexp, recursive>
2892 X<regular expression, recursive> X<regex, relative recursion>, C<(?&NAME)>
2893 X<(?&NAME)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> X<(?()>,
2894 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>, (1) (2) .., (<NAME>) ('NAME'), (?{ CODE }),
2895 (R), (R1) (R2) .., (R&NAME), (DEFINE), C<< (?>pattern) >> X<backtrack>
2896 X<backtracking> X<atomic> X<possessive>
2898 =item Special Backtracking Control Verbs
2900 Verbs that take an argument, C<(*PRUNE)> C<(*PRUNE:NAME)> X<(*PRUNE)>
2901 X<(*PRUNE:NAME)>, C<(*SKIP)> C<(*SKIP:NAME)> X<(*SKIP)>, C<(*MARK:NAME)>
2902 C<(*:NAME)> X<(*MARK)> C<(*MARK:NAME)> C<(*:NAME)>, C<(*THEN)>
2903 C<(*THEN:NAME)>, C<(*COMMIT)> X<(*COMMIT)>, Verbs without an argument,
2904 C<(*FAIL)> C<(*F)> X<(*FAIL)> X<(*F)>, C<(*ACCEPT)> X<(*ACCEPT)>
2907 X<backtrack> X<backtracking>
2909 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
2910 X<regular expression, version 8> X<regex, version 8> X<regexp, version 8>
2912 =item Warning on \1 Instead of $1
2914 =item Repeated Patterns Matching a Zero-length Substring
2916 =item Combining RE Pieces
2918 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
2919 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
2920 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>, C<(?PARNO)>,
2921 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
2923 =item Creating Custom RE Engines
2927 =item PCRE/Python Support
2929 C<< (?PE<lt>NAMEE<gt>pattern) >>, C<< (?P=NAME) >>, C<< (?P>NAME) >>
2937 =head2 perlrebackslash - Perl Regular Expression Backslash Sequences and
2950 =item All the sequences and escapes
2952 =item Character Escapes
2958 =item Character classes
2964 \A, \z, \Z, \G, \b, \B
2974 =head2 perlrecharclass - Perl Regular Expression Character Classes
2984 =item Backslashed sequences
2988 =item Bracketed Character Classes
2990 cntrl, graph, print, punct
2992 =item Locale, Unicode and UTF-8
2998 =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
3010 =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
3012 =item CHARACTER CLASSES
3018 =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
3036 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
3046 =item Making References
3047 X<reference, creation> X<referencing>
3049 1. X<\> X<backslash>, 2. X<array, anonymous> X<[> X<[]> X<square bracket>
3050 X<bracket, square> X<arrayref> X<array reference> X<reference, array>, 3.
3051 X<hash, anonymous> X<{> X<{}> X<curly bracket> X<bracket, curly> X<brace>
3052 X<hashref> X<hash reference> X<reference, hash>, 4. X<subroutine,
3053 anonymous> X<subroutine, reference> X<reference, subroutine> X<scope,
3054 lexical> X<closure> X<lexical> X<lexical scope>, 5. X<constructor> X<new>,
3055 6. X<autovivification>, 7. X<*foo{THING}> X<*>
3057 =item Using References
3058 X<reference, use> X<dereferencing> X<dereference>
3060 =item Symbolic references
3061 X<reference, symbolic> X<reference, soft>
3062 X<symbolic reference> X<soft reference>
3064 =item Not-so-symbolic references
3066 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
3067 X<pseudo-hash> X<pseudo hash> X<pseudohash>
3069 =item Function Templates
3070 X<scope, lexical> X<closure> X<lexical> X<lexical scope>
3071 X<subroutine, nested> X<sub, nested> X<subroutine, local> X<sub, local>
3076 X<reference, string context> X<reference, use as hash key>
3082 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
3091 X<format, text field>
3093 =item Numeric Fields
3094 X<#> X<format, numeric field>
3096 =item The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text
3099 =item The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text
3102 =item Specifying Values
3103 X<format, specifying values>
3105 =item Using Fill Mode
3106 X<format, fill mode>
3108 =item Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void
3109 X<format, suppressing lines>
3111 =item Repeating Format Lines
3112 X<format, repeating lines>
3114 =item Top of Form Processing
3115 X<format, top of form> X<top> X<header>
3117 =item Format Variables
3119 X<format, variables>
3128 X<format, footer> X<footer>
3130 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
3131 X<format, internals>
3139 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
3147 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
3148 X<object> X<bless> X<constructor> X<new>
3150 =item A Class is Simply a Package
3151 X<class> X<package> X<@ISA> X<inheritance>
3153 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
3156 =item Method Invocation
3157 X<invocation> X<method> X<arrow> X<< -> >>
3159 =item Indirect Object Syntax
3160 X<indirect object syntax> X<invocation, indirect> X<indirect>
3162 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
3165 isa(CLASS) X<isa>, can(METHOD) X<can>, VERSION( [NEED] ) X<VERSION>
3168 X<destructor> X<DESTROY>
3172 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
3173 X<garbage collection> X<GC> X<circular reference>
3174 X<reference, circular> X<DESTROY> X<destructor>
3182 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
3195 TIESCALAR classname, LIST X<TIESCALAR>, FETCH this X<FETCH>, STORE this,
3196 value X<STORE>, UNTIE this X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
3201 TIEARRAY classname, LIST X<TIEARRAY>, FETCH this, index X<FETCH>, STORE
3202 this, index, value X<STORE>, FETCHSIZE this X<FETCHSIZE>, STORESIZE this,
3203 count X<STORESIZE>, EXTEND this, count X<EXTEND>, EXISTS this, key
3204 X<EXISTS>, DELETE this, key X<DELETE>, CLEAR this X<CLEAR>, PUSH this, LIST
3205 X<PUSH>, POP this X<POP>, SHIFT this X<SHIFT>, UNSHIFT this, LIST
3206 X<UNSHIFT>, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST X<SPLICE>, UNTIE this
3207 X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
3212 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST X<TIEHASH>, FETCH this,
3213 key X<FETCH>, STORE this, key, value X<STORE>, DELETE this, key X<DELETE>,
3214 CLEAR this X<CLEAR>, EXISTS this, key X<EXISTS>, FIRSTKEY this X<FIRSTKEY>,
3215 NEXTKEY this, lastkey X<NEXTKEY>, SCALAR this X<SCALAR>, UNTIE this
3216 X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
3218 =item Tying FileHandles
3219 X<filehandle, tying>
3221 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST X<TIEHANDLE>, WRITE this, LIST X<WRITE>, PRINT
3222 this, LIST X<PRINT>, PRINTF this, LIST X<PRINTF>, READ this, LIST X<READ>,
3223 READLINE this X<READLINE>, GETC this X<GETC>, CLOSE this X<CLOSE>, UNTIE
3224 this X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
3229 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
3242 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3250 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3251 B<filter_fetch_value>
3257 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3259 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3269 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
3270 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
3280 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
3288 =item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
3290 Long-running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
3291 "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
3295 =item Using open() for IPC
3301 =item Background Processes
3303 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
3305 =item Safe Pipe Opens
3307 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
3309 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
3313 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
3317 =item Internet Line Terminators
3319 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
3321 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
3325 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
3329 =item A Simple Client
3331 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
3333 =item A Webget Client
3335 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
3339 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
3341 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
3343 =item UDP: Message Passing
3357 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
3367 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
3369 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
3370 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
3371 files, directories and network sockets
3373 =item Resource limits
3375 =item Killing the parent process
3377 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
3379 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
3381 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
3382 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
3383 application, Thread-safety of extensions
3395 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
3403 =item Storing numbers
3405 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
3407 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
3409 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
3410 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
3411 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
3420 =head2 perlthrtut - Tutorial on threads in Perl
3426 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
3428 =item Threaded Program Models
3440 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
3442 =item Thread-Safe Modules
3448 =item Basic Thread Support
3450 =item A Note about the Examples
3452 =item Creating Threads
3454 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
3456 =item Ignoring A Thread
3460 =item Threads And Data
3464 =item Shared And Unshared Data
3466 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
3470 =item Synchronization and control
3474 =item Controlling access: lock()
3476 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3478 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3480 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3482 =item Basic semaphores
3484 =item Advanced Semaphores
3486 =item Waiting for a Condition
3488 =item Giving up control
3492 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3496 =item What Thread Am I In?
3500 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3502 =item What Threads Are Running?
3506 =item A Complete Example
3508 =item Different implementations of threads
3510 =item Performance considerations
3512 =item Process-scope Changes
3514 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
3524 =item Introductory Texts
3526 =item OS-Related References
3528 =item Other References
3532 =item Acknowledgements
3540 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
3546 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
3548 =item Threaded Program Models
3560 =item Native threads
3562 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
3564 =item Threadsafe Modules
3570 =item Basic Thread Support
3572 =item Creating Threads
3574 =item Giving up control
3576 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
3578 =item Errors In Threads
3580 =item Ignoring A Thread
3584 =item Threads And Data
3588 =item Shared And Unshared Data
3590 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
3592 =item Controlling access: lock()
3594 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3596 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3600 =item Threads And Code
3604 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3606 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
3608 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
3610 =item Subroutine Locks
3614 =item Locking A Subroutine
3618 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3622 =item What Thread Am I In?
3626 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3628 =item What Threads Are Running?
3632 =item A Complete Example
3640 =item Introductory Texts
3642 =item OS-Related References
3644 =item Other References
3648 =item Acknowledgements
3656 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
3662 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
3671 =item Numbers endianness and Width
3673 =item Files and Filesystems
3675 =item System Interaction
3677 =item Command names versus file pathnames
3681 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
3683 =item External Subroutines (XS)
3685 =item Standard Modules
3689 =item Character sets and character encoding
3691 =item Internationalisation
3693 =item System Resources
3709 =item DOS and Derivatives
3717 =item EBCDIC Platforms
3725 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3729 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3731 -I<X>, atan2, binmode, chmod, chown, chroot, crypt, dbmclose, dbmopen,
3732 dump, exec, exit, fcntl, flock, fork, getlogin, getpgrp, getppid,
3733 getpriority, getpwnam, getgrnam, getnetbyname, getpwuid, getgrgid,
3734 getnetbyaddr, getprotobynumber, getservbyport, getpwent, getgrent,
3735 gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent,
3736 setnetent, setprotoent, setservent, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
3737 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob,
3738 gmtime, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill, link, localtime, lstat,
3739 msgctl, msgget, msgsnd, msgrcv, open, pipe, readlink, rename, select,
3740 semctl, semget, semop, setgrent, setpgrp, setpriority, setpwent,
3741 setsockopt, shmctl, shmget, shmread, shmwrite, sockatmark, socketpair,
3742 stat, symlink, syscall, sysopen, system, times, truncate, umask, utime,
3747 =item Supported Platforms
3751 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3755 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
3762 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
3768 =item The use locale pragma
3770 =item The setlocale function
3772 =item Finding locales
3774 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
3776 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
3778 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
3780 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
3782 =item Fixing system locale configuration
3784 =item The localeconv function
3786 =item I18N::Langinfo
3790 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
3794 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
3796 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
3798 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
3800 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
3804 =item Other categories
3812 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
3813 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
3825 =item Backward compatibility
3827 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
3829 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
3831 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
3833 =item Freely available locale definitions
3837 =item An imperfect standard
3841 =item Unicode and UTF-8
3847 =item Broken systems
3857 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
3867 =item Perl's Unicode Support
3869 =item Perl's Unicode Model
3871 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
3873 =item Creating Unicode
3875 =item Handling Unicode
3877 =item Legacy Encodings
3881 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
3885 =item Advanced Topics
3889 =item Questions With Answers
3891 =item Hexadecimal Notation
3893 =item Further Resources
3897 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
3901 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3903 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
3907 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
3915 =item Important Caveats
3917 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
3918 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, BOM-marked scripts and UTF-16 scripts
3919 autodetected, C<use encoding> needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings
3921 =item Byte and Character Semantics
3923 =item Effects of Character Semantics
3925 =item Unicode Character Properties
3927 General Category, Bidirectional Character Types, Scripts, Extended property
3928 classes, Use of "Is" Prefix, Blocks
3930 =item User-Defined Character Properties
3932 =item User-Defined Case Mappings
3934 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
3936 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
3938 =item Unicode Encodings
3940 =item Security Implications of Unicode
3942 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
3946 =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
3948 =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
3950 =item Using Unicode in XS
3958 =item Interaction with Locales
3960 =item Interaction with Extensions
3964 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
3972 =head2 perlunifaq - Perl Unicode FAQ
3980 =item perlunitut isn't really a Unicode tutorial, is it?
3982 =item What about binary data, like images?
3984 =item What about the UTF8 flag?
3986 =item When should I decode or encode?
3988 =item What if I don't decode?
3990 =item What if I don't encode?
3992 =item Is there a way to automatically decode or encode?
3994 =item Cheat?! Tell me, how can I cheat?
3996 =item What if I don't know which encoding was used?
3998 =item Can I use Unicode in my Perl sources?
4000 =item Data::Dumper doesn't restore the UTF8 flag; is it broken?
4002 =item How can I determine if a string is a text string or a binary string?
4004 =item How do I convert from encoding FOO to encoding BAR?
4006 =item What about the C<use bytes> pragma?
4008 =item What are C<decode_utf8> and C<encode_utf8>?
4010 =item What's the difference between C<UTF-8> and C<utf8>?
4012 =item I lost track; what encoding is the internal format really?
4014 =item What character encodings does Perl support?
4016 =item Which version of perl should I use?
4026 =head2 perlunitut - Perl Unicode Tutorial
4036 =item Your new toolkit
4038 =item I/O flow (the actual 5 minute tutorial)
4044 =item Q and A (or FAQ)
4046 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
4054 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
4060 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
4068 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
4072 =item 13 variant characters
4080 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
4082 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
4084 =item Unicode and UTF
4090 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
4092 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
4094 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
4108 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
4110 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
4112 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
4114 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
4122 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
4124 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
4126 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
4128 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
4132 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
4136 =item URL decoding and encoding
4138 =item uu encoding and decoding
4140 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
4142 =item Caesarian ciphers
4146 =item Hashing order and checksums
4150 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
4162 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
4182 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
4190 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
4192 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
4194 =item Taint mode and @INC
4196 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
4200 =item Protecting Your Programs
4204 =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
4212 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
4221 X<package> X<namespace> X<variable, global> X<global variable> X<global>
4224 X<symbol table> X<stash> X<%::> X<%main::> X<typeglob> X<glob> X<alias>
4226 =item BEGIN, UNITCHECK, CHECK, INIT and END
4227 X<BEGIN> X<UNITCHECK> X<CHECK> X<INIT> X<END>
4235 =item Making your module threadsafe
4236 X<threadsafe> X<thread safe>
4237 X<module, threadsafe> X<module, thread safe>
4238 X<CLONE> X<CLONE_SKIP> X<thread> X<threads> X<ithread>
4246 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
4250 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
4254 =item Pragmatic Modules
4256 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
4257 charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, encoding::warnings, feature,
4258 fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, mro, open, ops, overload,
4259 re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars,
4260 version, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
4262 =item Standard Modules
4264 AnyDBM_File, Archive::Extract, Archive::Tar, Archive::Tar::File,
4265 Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Concise, B::Debug,
4266 B::Deparse, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, CGI,
4267 CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push,
4268 CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Kwalify, CPAN::Nox,
4269 CPAN::Version, CPANPLUS, CPANPLUS::Dist::Base, CPANPLUS::Dist::Sample,
4270 CPANPLUS::Shell::Classic, CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::HOWTO, Carp,
4271 Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct, Compress::Raw::Zlib,
4272 Compress::Zlib, Config, Cwd, DB, DBM_Filter, DBM_Filter::compress,
4273 DBM_Filter::encode, DBM_Filter::int32, DBM_Filter::null, DBM_Filter::utf8,
4274 DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, Devel::InnerPackage, Devel::Peek,
4275 Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5, Digest::SHA, Digest::base,
4276 Digest::file, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias,
4277 Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ,
4278 Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding,
4279 Encode::GSM0338, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z,
4280 Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header,
4281 Encode::MIME::Name, Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol,
4282 Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno,
4283 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::CBuilder,
4284 ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows, ExtUtils::Command,
4285 ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Constant::Base,
4286 ExtUtils::Constant::Utils, ExtUtils::Constant::XS, ExtUtils::Embed,
4287 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM,
4288 ExtUtils::MM_AIX, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
4289 ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
4290 ExtUtils::MM_QNX, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS,
4291 ExtUtils::MM_VOS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY,
4292 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ,
4293 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes,
4294 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
4295 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::ParseXS,
4296 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
4297 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Fetch, File::Find,
4298 File::Glob, File::GlobMapper, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin,
4299 File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2,
4300 File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp,
4301 File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call,
4302 FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
4303 Hash::Util::FieldHash, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
4304 I18N::LangTags::Detect, I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO,
4305 IO::Compress::Base, IO::Compress::Deflate, IO::Compress::Gzip,
4306 IO::Compress::RawDeflate, IO::Compress::Zip, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
4307 IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
4308 IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate,
4309 IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress, IO::Uncompress::Base,
4310 IO::Uncompress::Gunzip, IO::Uncompress::Inflate,
4311 IO::Uncompress::RawInflate, IO::Uncompress::Unzip, IO::Zlib, IPC::Cmd,
4312 IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::SysV::Semaphore,
4313 List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
4314 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::Simple,
4315 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, Log::Message,
4316 Log::Message::Config, Log::Message::Handlers, Log::Message::Item,
4317 MIME::Base64, MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
4318 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::CalcEmu, Math::BigInt::FastCalc,
4319 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
4320 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
4321 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, Module::Build,
4322 Module::Build::API, Module::Build::Authoring, Module::Build::Base,
4323 Module::Build::Compat, Module::Build::ConfigData, Module::Build::Cookbook,
4324 Module::Build::ModuleInfo, Module::Build::Notes, Module::Build::PPMMaker,
4325 Module::Build::Platform::Amiga, Module::Build::Platform::Default,
4326 Module::Build::Platform::EBCDIC, Module::Build::Platform::MPEiX,
4327 Module::Build::Platform::MacOS, Module::Build::Platform::RiscOS,
4328 Module::Build::Platform::Unix, Module::Build::Platform::VMS,
4329 Module::Build::Platform::VOS, Module::Build::Platform::Windows,
4330 Module::Build::Platform::aix, Module::Build::Platform::cygwin,
4331 Module::Build::Platform::darwin, Module::Build::Platform::os2,
4332 Module::Build::YAML, Module::CoreList, Module::Load,
4333 Module::Load::Conditional, Module::Loaded, Module::Pluggable,
4334 Module::Pluggable::Object, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config,
4335 Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping,
4336 Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
4337 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
4338 Package::Constants, Params::Check, PerlIO, PerlIO::encoding,
4339 PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker,
4340 Pod::Escapes, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
4341 Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
4342 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
4343 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
4344 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
4345 Pod::Select, Pod::Simple, Pod::Simple::Checker, Pod::Simple::Debug,
4346 Pod::Simple::DumpAsText, Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML, Pod::Simple::HTML,
4347 Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch, Pod::Simple::LinkSection, Pod::Simple::Methody,
4348 Pod::Simple::PullParser, Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken,
4349 Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken, Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken,
4350 Pod::Simple::PullParserToken, Pod::Simple::RTF, Pod::Simple::Search,
4351 Pod::Simple::SimpleTree, Pod::Simple::Subclassing, Pod::Simple::Text,
4352 Pod::Simple::TextContent, Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream, Pod::Text,
4353 Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage,
4354 SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader,
4355 Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog,
4356 Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Term::UI, Test,
4357 Test::Builder, Test::Builder::Module, Test::Builder::Tester,
4358 Test::Builder::Tester::Color, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
4359 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Point, Test::Harness::Results,
4360 Test::Harness::Straps, Test::Harness::TAP, Test::Harness::Util, Test::More,
4361 Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
4362 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
4363 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle,
4364 Tie::Hash, Tie::Hash::NamedCapture, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
4365 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::Piece,
4366 Time::Piece::Seconds, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL,
4367 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
4368 User::pwent, Win32, Win32API::File, Win32CORE, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
4371 =item Extension Modules
4385 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
4386 Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
4388 =item Central America
4394 Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
4395 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
4396 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
4397 Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
4398 Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
4402 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
4403 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
4404 Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
4405 North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
4406 Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
4410 Australia, New Zealand, United States
4414 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
4420 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
4424 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
4426 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
4428 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
4436 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
4442 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
4446 =item Before you start
4454 =item Release considerations
4458 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
4462 =item Has it been done before?
4464 =item Do one thing and do it well
4466 =item What's in a name?
4470 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
4474 =item To OO or not to OO?
4476 =item Designing your API
4478 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
4479 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
4482 =item Strictness and warnings
4484 =item Backwards compatibility
4486 =item Error handling and messages
4490 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
4496 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
4498 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
4499 perl Build test, perl Build install
4503 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
4507 =item Version numbering
4509 =item Pre-requisites
4519 =item COMMON PITFALLS
4523 =item Reinventing the wheel
4525 =item Trying to do too much
4527 =item Inappropriate documentation
4533 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
4534 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
4541 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
4551 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
4552 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
4566 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
4576 =item What should I make into a module?
4578 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
4580 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
4582 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
4584 Start with F<module-starter> or F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and
4585 L<warnings|warnings>, Use L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!,
4586 Use L<plain old documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
4588 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
4590 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
4591 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
4601 =head2 perlpragma - how to write a user pragma
4607 =item A basic example
4609 =item Implementation details
4613 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4619 =item LIST OF UTILITIES
4625 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4626 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4627 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4628 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4632 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p> and L<psed>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4634 =item Administration
4636 L<config_data|config_data>, L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>, L<perlivp>
4640 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4641 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<enc2xs>, L<xsubpp>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<prove>,
4646 L<piconv>, L<ptar>, L<ptardiff>, L<shasum>
4650 L<cpan>, L<cpanp>, L<cpan2dist>, L<instmodsh>
4658 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
4668 B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
4672 =item Using The Back Ends
4676 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
4680 =item The Decompiling Back End
4682 =item The Lint Back End
4686 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
4688 B, O, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Terse,
4691 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4697 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4707 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4709 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4711 B<Decryption Filters>
4713 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4715 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4717 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4721 =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
4723 Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
4733 =head2 perlglossary - Perl Glossary
4743 accessor methods, actual arguments, address operator, algorithm, alias,
4744 alternatives, anonymous, architecture, argument, ARGV, arithmetical
4745 operator, array, array context, ASCII, assertion, assignment, assignment
4746 operator, associative array, associativity, asynchronous, atom, atomic
4747 operation, attribute, autogeneration, autoincrement, autoload, autosplit,
4748 autovivification, AV, awk
4752 backreference, backtracking, backward compatibility, bareword, base class,
4753 big-endian, binary, binary operator, bind, bit, bit shift, bit string,
4754 bless, block, BLOCK, block buffering, Boolean, Boolean context, breakpoint,
4755 broadcast, BSD, bucket, buffer, built-in, bundle, byte, bytecode
4759 C, C preprocessor, call by reference, call by value, callback, canonical,
4760 capturing, character, character class, character property, circumfix
4761 operator, class, class method, client, cloister, closure, cluster, CODE,
4762 code generator, code subpattern, collating sequence, command, command
4763 buffering, command name, command-line arguments, comment, compilation unit,
4764 compile phase, compile time, compiler, composer, concatenation,
4765 conditional, connection, construct, constructor, context, continuation,
4766 core dump, CPAN, cracker, current package, current working directory,
4767 currently selected output channel, CV
4771 dangling statement, data structure, data type, datagram, DBM, declaration,
4772 decrement, default, defined, delimiter, dereference, derived class,
4773 descriptor, destroy, destructor, device, directive, directory, directory
4774 handle, dispatch, distribution, dweomer, dwimmer, dynamic scoping
4778 eclectic, element, embedding, empty subclass test, en passant,
4779 encapsulation, endian, environment, environment variable, EOF, errno,
4780 error, escape sequence, exception, exception handling, exec, executable
4781 file, execute, execute bit, exit status, export, expression, extension
4785 false, FAQ, fatal error, field, FIFO, file, file descriptor, file test
4786 operator, fileglob, filehandle, filename, filesystem, filter, flag,
4787 floating point, flush, FMTEYEWTK, fork, formal arguments, format, freely
4788 available, freely redistributable, freeware, function, funny character,
4793 GID, glob, global, global destruction, glue language, granularity, greedy,
4798 hacker, handler, hard reference, hash, hash table, header file, here
4799 document, hexadecimal, home directory, host, hubris, HV
4803 identifier, impatience, implementation, import, increment, indexing,
4804 indirect filehandle, indirect object, indirect object slot, indirection,
4805 infix, inheritance, instance, instance variable, integer, interface,
4806 interpolation, interpreter, invocant, invocation, I/O, IO, IP, IPC, is-a,
4807 iteration, iterator, IV
4819 label, laziness, left shift, leftmost longest, lexeme, lexer, lexical
4820 analysis, lexical scoping, lexical variable, library, LIFO, line, line
4821 buffering, line number, link, LIST, list, list context, list operator, list
4822 value, literal, little-endian, local, logical operator, lookahead,
4823 lookbehind, loop, loop control statement, loop label, lvaluable, lvalue,
4828 magic, magical increment, magical variables, Makefile, man, manpage,
4829 matching, member data, memory, metacharacter, metasymbol, method,
4830 minimalism, mode, modifier, module, modulus, monger, mortal,
4831 multidimensional array, multiple inheritance
4835 named pipe, namespace, network address, newline, NFS, null character, null
4836 list, null string, numeric context, NV, nybble
4840 object, octal, offset, one-liner, open source software, operand, operating
4841 system, operator, operator overloading, options, overloading, overriding,
4846 package, pad, parameter, parent class, parse tree, parsing, patch, PATH,
4847 pathname, pattern, pattern matching, permission bits, Pern, pipe, pipeline,
4848 platform, pod, pointer, polymorphism, port, portable, porter, POSIX,
4849 postfix, pp, pragma, precedence, prefix, preprocessing, procedure, process,
4850 program generator, progressive matching, property, protocol, prototype,
4851 pseudofunction, pseudohash, pseudoliteral, public domain, pumpkin,
4856 qualified, quantifier
4860 readable, reaping, record, recursion, reference, referent, regex, regular
4861 expression, regular expression modifier, regular file, relational operator,
4862 reserved words, return value, RFC, right shift, root, RTFM, run phase, run
4863 time, run-time pattern, RV, rvalue
4867 scalar, scalar context, scalar literal, scalar value, scalar variable,
4868 scope, scratchpad, script, script kiddie, sed, semaphore, separator,
4869 serialization, server, service, setgid, setuid, shared memory, shebang,
4870 shell, side effects, signal, signal handler, single inheritance, slice,
4871 slurp, socket, soft reference, source filter, stack, standard, standard
4872 error, standard I/O, standard input, standard output, stat structure,
4873 statement, statement modifier, static, static method, static scoping,
4874 static variable, status, STDERR, STDIN, STDIO, STDOUT, stream, string,
4875 string context, stringification, struct, structure, subclass, subpattern,
4876 subroutine, subscript, substitution, substring, superclass, superuser, SV,
4877 switch, switch cluster, switch statement, symbol, symbol table, symbolic
4878 debugger, symbolic link, symbolic reference, synchronous, syntactic sugar,
4879 syntax, syntax tree, syscall
4883 tainted, TCP, term, terminator, ternary, text, thread, tie, TMTOWTDI,
4884 token, tokener, tokenizing, toolbox approach, transliterate, trigger,
4885 trinary, troff, true, truncating, type, type casting, typed lexical,
4886 typedef, typeglob, typemap
4890 UDP, UID, umask, unary operator, Unicode, Unix
4894 value, variable, variable interpolation, variadic, vector, virtual, void
4899 warning, watch expression, whitespace, word, working directory, wrapper,
4916 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
4920 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
4930 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
4931 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
4935 =item Compiling your C program
4937 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
4939 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
4941 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
4943 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
4945 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
4947 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
4949 =item Execution of END blocks
4951 =item $0 assignments
4953 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
4955 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
4960 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
4972 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
4978 =item Debugger Internals
4982 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
4986 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
4988 =item Debugging regular expressions
4992 =item Compile-time output
4994 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
4995 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
4996 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
4999 =item Types of nodes
5001 =item Run-time output
5005 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
5009 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
5011 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
5012 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
5021 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
5033 =item Version caveat
5035 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
5047 =item What has gone on?
5049 =item Writing good test scripts
5053 =item What's new here?
5055 =item Input and Output Parameters
5057 =item The XSUBPP Program
5059 =item The TYPEMAP file
5061 =item Warning about Output Arguments
5065 =item What has happened here?
5067 =item Anatomy of .xs file
5069 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
5071 =item More about XSUB arguments
5073 =item The Argument Stack
5075 =item Extending your Extension
5077 =item Documenting your Extension
5079 =item Installing your Extension
5083 =item New Things in this Example
5087 =item New Things in this Example
5089 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
5091 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
5093 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
5095 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
5111 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
5123 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
5125 =item The Argument Stack
5127 =item The RETVAL Variable
5129 =item Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL
5131 =item The MODULE Keyword
5133 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
5135 =item The PREFIX Keyword
5137 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
5139 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
5141 =item The CODE: Keyword
5143 =item The INIT: Keyword
5145 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
5147 =item Initializing Function Parameters
5149 =item Default Parameter Values
5151 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
5153 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
5155 =item The INPUT: Keyword
5157 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
5159 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
5161 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
5163 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
5165 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
5167 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
5169 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
5171 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
5173 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
5175 =item The BOOT: Keyword
5177 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
5179 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
5181 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
5183 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
5185 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
5187 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
5189 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
5191 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
5193 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
5195 =item The CASE: Keyword
5197 =item The & Unary Operator
5199 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
5201 =item Using XS With C++
5203 =item Interface Strategy
5205 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
5209 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
5211 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT,
5212 aMY_CXT/pMY_CXT, MY_CXT_CLONE, MY_CXT_INIT_INTERP(my_perl),
5213 dMY_CXT_INTERP(my_perl)
5215 =item Thread-aware system interfaces
5227 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
5237 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
5239 =item File Operations
5241 =item File Input and Output
5243 =item File Positioning
5245 =item Memory Management and String Handling
5247 =item Character Class Tests
5249 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
5251 =item Miscellaneous functions
5259 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
5271 =item What is an "IV"?
5273 =item Working with SVs
5277 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
5279 =item Working with AVs
5281 =item Working with HVs
5283 =item Hash API Extensions
5285 =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
5289 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
5291 =item Creating New Variables
5293 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
5295 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
5297 =item Stashes and Globs
5299 =item Double-Typed SVs
5301 =item Magic Variables
5303 =item Assigning Magic
5305 =item Magic Virtual Tables
5309 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
5311 =item Localizing changes
5313 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
5314 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
5315 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
5316 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
5317 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
5318 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
5319 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
5320 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
5321 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
5322 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
5330 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
5332 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
5334 =item Memory Allocation
5338 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
5342 =item Scratchpads and recursion
5352 =item Examining the tree
5354 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
5356 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
5358 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
5360 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
5362 =item Pluggable runops
5366 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
5368 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
5372 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
5374 =item So what happened to dTHR?
5376 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
5378 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
5380 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
5384 =item Internal Functions
5386 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b, others
5390 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
5392 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
5394 =item Exception Handling
5396 =item Source Documentation
5398 =item Backwards compatibility
5402 =item Unicode Support
5406 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
5408 =item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
5410 =item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
5412 =item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
5414 =item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
5416 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
5420 =item Custom Operators
5428 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
5434 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
5436 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
5438 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
5458 =item Determining the Context
5466 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
5468 =item Passing Parameters
5470 =item Returning a Scalar
5472 =item Returning a list of values
5474 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
5476 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
5480 =item Using G_KEEPERR
5484 =item Using call_argv
5486 =item Using call_method
5490 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
5492 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
5494 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
5495 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
5498 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
5500 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
5504 =item LIGHTWEIGHT CALLBACKS
5514 =head2 perlreapi - perl regular expression plugin interface
5526 C</m> - RXf_PMf_MULTILINE, C</s> - RXf_PMf_SINGLELINE, C</i> -
5527 RXf_PMf_FOLD, C</x> - RXf_PMf_EXTENDED, C</p> - RXf_PMf_KEEPCOPY,
5528 RXf_PMf_LOCALE, RXf_UTF8, RXf_SPLIT, RXf_SKIPWHITE, RXf_START_ONLY,
5539 =item Numbered capture callbacks
5541 =item Named capture callbacks
5549 =item The REGEXP structure
5559 =item C<minlen> C<minlenret>
5565 =item C<nparens>, C<lasparen>, and C<lastcloseparen>
5575 =item C<precomp> C<prelen>
5577 =item C<paren_names>
5581 =item C<subbeg> C<sublen> C<saved_copy>
5583 =item C<wrapped> C<wraplen>
5599 =head2 perlreguts - Description of the Perl regular expression engine.
5609 =item A quick note on terms
5611 =item What is a regular expression engine?
5613 =item Structure of a Regexp Program
5615 C<regnode_1>, C<regnode_2>, C<regnode_string>, C<regnode_charclass>,
5616 C<regnode_charclass_class>
5620 =item Process Overview
5622 A. Compilation, 1. Parsing for size, 2. Parsing for construction, 3.
5623 Peep-hole optimisation and analysis, B. Execution, 4. Start position and
5624 no-match optimisations, 5. Program execution
5630 anchored fixed strings, floating fixed strings, minimum and maximum length
5631 requirements, start class, Beginning/End of line positions
5641 =item Unicode and Localisation Support
5643 =item Base Structures
5645 C<swap>, C<offsets>, C<regstclass>, C<data>, C<program>
5659 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
5664 X<Perl API> X<API> X<api>
5666 =item "Gimme" Values
5668 GIMME X<GIMME>, GIMME_V X<GIMME_V>, G_ARRAY X<G_ARRAY>, G_DISCARD
5669 X<G_DISCARD>, G_EVAL X<G_EVAL>, G_NOARGS X<G_NOARGS>, G_SCALAR X<G_SCALAR>,
5672 =item Array Manipulation Functions
5674 AvFILL X<AvFILL>, av_clear X<av_clear>, av_create_and_push
5675 X<av_create_and_push>, av_create_and_unshift_one
5676 X<av_create_and_unshift_one>, av_delete X<av_delete>, av_exists
5677 X<av_exists>, av_extend X<av_extend>, av_fetch X<av_fetch>, av_fill
5678 X<av_fill>, av_len X<av_len>, av_make X<av_make>, av_pop X<av_pop>, av_push
5679 X<av_push>, av_shift X<av_shift>, av_store X<av_store>, av_undef
5680 X<av_undef>, av_unshift X<av_unshift>, get_av X<get_av>, newAV X<newAV>,
5681 sortsv X<sortsv>, sortsv_flags X<sortsv_flags>
5683 =item Callback Functions
5685 call_argv X<call_argv>, call_method X<call_method>, call_pv X<call_pv>,
5686 call_sv X<call_sv>, ENTER X<ENTER>, eval_pv X<eval_pv>, eval_sv X<eval_sv>,
5687 FREETMPS X<FREETMPS>, LEAVE X<LEAVE>, SAVETMPS X<SAVETMPS>
5689 =item Character classes
5691 isALNUM X<isALNUM>, isALPHA X<isALPHA>, isDIGIT X<isDIGIT>, isLOWER
5692 X<isLOWER>, isSPACE X<isSPACE>, isUPPER X<isUPPER>, toLOWER X<toLOWER>,
5695 =item Cloning an interpreter
5697 perl_clone X<perl_clone>
5699 =item CV Manipulation Functions
5701 CvSTASH X<CvSTASH>, get_cv X<get_cv>, get_cvn_flags X<get_cvn_flags>
5703 =item Embedding Functions
5705 cv_undef X<cv_undef>, load_module X<load_module>, nothreadhook
5706 X<nothreadhook>, perl_alloc X<perl_alloc>, perl_construct
5707 X<perl_construct>, perl_destruct X<perl_destruct>, perl_free X<perl_free>,
5708 perl_parse X<perl_parse>, perl_run X<perl_run>, require_pv X<require_pv>
5710 =item Functions in file dump.c
5712 pv_display X<pv_display>, pv_escape X<pv_escape>, pv_pretty X<pv_pretty>
5714 =item Functions in file mathoms.c
5716 gv_fetchmethod X<gv_fetchmethod>, pack_cat X<pack_cat>, sv_2pvbyte_nolen
5717 X<sv_2pvbyte_nolen>, sv_2pvutf8_nolen X<sv_2pvutf8_nolen>, sv_2pv_nolen
5718 X<sv_2pv_nolen>, sv_catpvn_mg X<sv_catpvn_mg>, sv_catsv_mg X<sv_catsv_mg>,
5719 sv_force_normal X<sv_force_normal>, sv_iv X<sv_iv>, sv_nolocking
5720 X<sv_nolocking>, sv_nounlocking X<sv_nounlocking>, sv_nv X<sv_nv>, sv_pv
5721 X<sv_pv>, sv_pvbyte X<sv_pvbyte>, sv_pvbyten X<sv_pvbyten>, sv_pvn
5722 X<sv_pvn>, sv_pvutf8 X<sv_pvutf8>, sv_pvutf8n X<sv_pvutf8n>, sv_taint
5723 X<sv_taint>, sv_unref X<sv_unref>, sv_usepvn X<sv_usepvn>, sv_usepvn_mg
5724 X<sv_usepvn_mg>, sv_uv X<sv_uv>, unpack_str X<unpack_str>
5726 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
5728 find_runcv X<find_runcv>
5730 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
5732 packlist X<packlist>, unpackstring X<unpackstring>
5736 GvSV X<GvSV>, gv_const_sv X<gv_const_sv>, gv_fetchmeth X<gv_fetchmeth>,
5737 gv_fetchmethod_autoload X<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>, gv_fetchmeth_autoload
5738 X<gv_fetchmeth_autoload>, gv_stashpv X<gv_stashpv>, gv_stashpvn
5739 X<gv_stashpvn>, gv_stashpvs X<gv_stashpvs>, gv_stashsv X<gv_stashsv>
5743 Nullav X<Nullav>, Nullch X<Nullch>, Nullcv X<Nullcv>, Nullhv X<Nullhv>,
5746 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
5748 get_hv X<get_hv>, HEf_SVKEY X<HEf_SVKEY>, HeHASH X<HeHASH>, HeKEY X<HeKEY>,
5749 HeKLEN X<HeKLEN>, HePV X<HePV>, HeSVKEY X<HeSVKEY>, HeSVKEY_force
5750 X<HeSVKEY_force>, HeSVKEY_set X<HeSVKEY_set>, HeVAL X<HeVAL>, HvNAME
5751 X<HvNAME>, hv_assert X<hv_assert>, hv_clear X<hv_clear>,
5752 hv_clear_placeholders X<hv_clear_placeholders>, hv_delete X<hv_delete>,
5753 hv_delete_ent X<hv_delete_ent>, hv_exists X<hv_exists>, hv_exists_ent
5754 X<hv_exists_ent>, hv_fetch X<hv_fetch>, hv_fetchs X<hv_fetchs>,
5755 hv_fetch_ent X<hv_fetch_ent>, hv_iterinit X<hv_iterinit>, hv_iterkey
5756 X<hv_iterkey>, hv_iterkeysv X<hv_iterkeysv>, hv_iternext X<hv_iternext>,
5757 hv_iternextsv X<hv_iternextsv>, hv_iternext_flags X<hv_iternext_flags>,
5758 hv_iterval X<hv_iterval>, hv_magic X<hv_magic>, hv_scalar X<hv_scalar>,
5759 hv_store X<hv_store>, hv_stores X<hv_stores>, hv_store_ent X<hv_store_ent>,
5760 hv_undef X<hv_undef>, newHV X<newHV>
5762 =item Magical Functions
5764 mg_clear X<mg_clear>, mg_copy X<mg_copy>, mg_find X<mg_find>, mg_free
5765 X<mg_free>, mg_get X<mg_get>, mg_length X<mg_length>, mg_magical
5766 X<mg_magical>, mg_set X<mg_set>, SvGETMAGIC X<SvGETMAGIC>, SvLOCK
5767 X<SvLOCK>, SvSETMAGIC X<SvSETMAGIC>, SvSetMagicSV X<SvSetMagicSV>,
5768 SvSetMagicSV_nosteal X<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>, SvSetSV X<SvSetSV>,
5769 SvSetSV_nosteal X<SvSetSV_nosteal>, SvSHARE X<SvSHARE>, SvUNLOCK
5772 =item Memory Management
5774 Copy X<Copy>, CopyD X<CopyD>, Move X<Move>, MoveD X<MoveD>, Newx X<Newx>,
5775 Newxc X<Newxc>, Newxz X<Newxz>, Poison X<Poison>, PoisonFree X<PoisonFree>,
5776 PoisonNew X<PoisonNew>, PoisonWith X<PoisonWith>, Renew X<Renew>, Renewc
5777 X<Renewc>, Safefree X<Safefree>, savepv X<savepv>, savepvn X<savepvn>,
5778 savepvs X<savepvs>, savesharedpv X<savesharedpv>, savesharedpvn
5779 X<savesharedpvn>, savesvpv X<savesvpv>, StructCopy X<StructCopy>, Zero
5780 X<Zero>, ZeroD X<ZeroD>
5782 =item Miscellaneous Functions
5784 fbm_compile X<fbm_compile>, fbm_instr X<fbm_instr>, form X<form>, getcwd_sv
5785 X<getcwd_sv>, my_snprintf X<my_snprintf>, my_sprintf X<my_sprintf>,
5786 my_vsnprintf X<my_vsnprintf>, new_version X<new_version>, scan_version
5787 X<scan_version>, strEQ X<strEQ>, strGE X<strGE>, strGT X<strGT>, strLE
5788 X<strLE>, strLT X<strLT>, strNE X<strNE>, strnEQ X<strnEQ>, strnNE
5789 X<strnNE>, sv_nosharing X<sv_nosharing>, upg_version X<upg_version>, vcmp
5790 X<vcmp>, vnormal X<vnormal>, vnumify X<vnumify>, vstringify X<vstringify>,
5795 mro_get_linear_isa X<mro_get_linear_isa>, mro_get_linear_isa_c3
5796 X<mro_get_linear_isa_c3>, mro_get_linear_isa_dfs X<mro_get_linear_isa_dfs>,
5797 mro_method_changed_in X<mro_method_changed_in>
5799 =item Multicall Functions
5801 dMULTICALL X<dMULTICALL>, MULTICALL X<MULTICALL>, POP_MULTICALL
5802 X<POP_MULTICALL>, PUSH_MULTICALL X<PUSH_MULTICALL>
5804 =item Numeric functions
5806 grok_bin X<grok_bin>, grok_hex X<grok_hex>, grok_number X<grok_number>,
5807 grok_numeric_radix X<grok_numeric_radix>, grok_oct X<grok_oct>,
5808 Perl_signbit X<Perl_signbit>, scan_bin X<scan_bin>, scan_hex X<scan_hex>,
5809 scan_oct X<scan_oct>
5811 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
5813 cv_const_sv X<cv_const_sv>, newCONSTSUB X<newCONSTSUB>, newXS X<newXS>
5815 =item Pad Data Structures
5819 =item Per-Interpreter Variables
5821 PL_modglobal X<PL_modglobal>, PL_na X<PL_na>, PL_sv_no X<PL_sv_no>,
5822 PL_sv_undef X<PL_sv_undef>, PL_sv_yes X<PL_sv_yes>
5824 =item REGEXP Functions
5826 SvRX X<SvRX>, SvRXOK X<SvRXOK>
5828 =item Simple Exception Handling Macros
5830 dXCPT X<dXCPT>, XCPT_CATCH X<XCPT_CATCH>, XCPT_RETHROW X<XCPT_RETHROW>,
5831 XCPT_TRY_END X<XCPT_TRY_END>, XCPT_TRY_START X<XCPT_TRY_START>
5833 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
5835 dMARK X<dMARK>, dORIGMARK X<dORIGMARK>, dSP X<dSP>, EXTEND X<EXTEND>, MARK
5836 X<MARK>, mPUSHi X<mPUSHi>, mPUSHn X<mPUSHn>, mPUSHp X<mPUSHp>, mPUSHu
5837 X<mPUSHu>, mXPUSHi X<mXPUSHi>, mXPUSHn X<mXPUSHn>, mXPUSHp X<mXPUSHp>,
5838 mXPUSHu X<mXPUSHu>, ORIGMARK X<ORIGMARK>, POPi X<POPi>, POPl X<POPl>, POPn
5839 X<POPn>, POPp X<POPp>, POPpbytex X<POPpbytex>, POPpx X<POPpx>, POPs
5840 X<POPs>, PUSHi X<PUSHi>, PUSHMARK X<PUSHMARK>, PUSHmortal X<PUSHmortal>,
5841 PUSHn X<PUSHn>, PUSHp X<PUSHp>, PUSHs X<PUSHs>, PUSHu X<PUSHu>, PUTBACK
5842 X<PUTBACK>, SP X<SP>, SPAGAIN X<SPAGAIN>, XPUSHi X<XPUSHi>, XPUSHmortal
5843 X<XPUSHmortal>, XPUSHn X<XPUSHn>, XPUSHp X<XPUSHp>, XPUSHs X<XPUSHs>,
5844 XPUSHu X<XPUSHu>, XSRETURN X<XSRETURN>, XSRETURN_EMPTY X<XSRETURN_EMPTY>,
5845 XSRETURN_IV X<XSRETURN_IV>, XSRETURN_NO X<XSRETURN_NO>, XSRETURN_NV
5846 X<XSRETURN_NV>, XSRETURN_PV X<XSRETURN_PV>, XSRETURN_UNDEF
5847 X<XSRETURN_UNDEF>, XSRETURN_UV X<XSRETURN_UV>, XSRETURN_YES
5848 X<XSRETURN_YES>, XST_mIV X<XST_mIV>, XST_mNO X<XST_mNO>, XST_mNV
5849 X<XST_mNV>, XST_mPV X<XST_mPV>, XST_mUNDEF X<XST_mUNDEF>, XST_mYES
5854 svtype X<svtype>, SVt_IV X<SVt_IV>, SVt_NV X<SVt_NV>, SVt_PV X<SVt_PV>,
5855 SVt_PVAV X<SVt_PVAV>, SVt_PVCV X<SVt_PVCV>, SVt_PVHV X<SVt_PVHV>, SVt_PVMG
5858 =item SV Manipulation Functions
5860 get_sv X<get_sv>, newRV_inc X<newRV_inc>, SvCUR X<SvCUR>, SvCUR_set
5861 X<SvCUR_set>, SvEND X<SvEND>, SvGAMAGIC X<SvGAMAGIC>, SvGROW X<SvGROW>,
5862 SvIOK X<SvIOK>, SvIOKp X<SvIOKp>, SvIOK_notUV X<SvIOK_notUV>, SvIOK_off
5863 X<SvIOK_off>, SvIOK_on X<SvIOK_on>, SvIOK_only X<SvIOK_only>, SvIOK_only_UV
5864 X<SvIOK_only_UV>, SvIOK_UV X<SvIOK_UV>, SvIsCOW X<SvIsCOW>,
5865 SvIsCOW_shared_hash X<SvIsCOW_shared_hash>, SvIV X<SvIV>, SvIVX X<SvIVX>,
5866 SvIVx X<SvIVx>, SvIV_nomg X<SvIV_nomg>, SvIV_set X<SvIV_set>, SvLEN
5867 X<SvLEN>, SvLEN_set X<SvLEN_set>, SvMAGIC_set X<SvMAGIC_set>, SvNIOK
5868 X<SvNIOK>, SvNIOKp X<SvNIOKp>, SvNIOK_off X<SvNIOK_off>, SvNOK X<SvNOK>,
5869 SvNOKp X<SvNOKp>, SvNOK_off X<SvNOK_off>, SvNOK_on X<SvNOK_on>, SvNOK_only
5870 X<SvNOK_only>, SvNV X<SvNV>, SvNVX X<SvNVX>, SvNVx X<SvNVx>, SvNV_set
5871 X<SvNV_set>, SvOK X<SvOK>, SvOOK X<SvOOK>, SvPOK X<SvPOK>, SvPOKp
5872 X<SvPOKp>, SvPOK_off X<SvPOK_off>, SvPOK_on X<SvPOK_on>, SvPOK_only
5873 X<SvPOK_only>, SvPOK_only_UTF8 X<SvPOK_only_UTF8>, SvPV X<SvPV>, SvPVbyte
5874 X<SvPVbyte>, SvPVbytex X<SvPVbytex>, SvPVbytex_force X<SvPVbytex_force>,
5875 SvPVbyte_force X<SvPVbyte_force>, SvPVbyte_nolen X<SvPVbyte_nolen>,
5876 SvPVutf8 X<SvPVutf8>, SvPVutf8x X<SvPVutf8x>, SvPVutf8x_force
5877 X<SvPVutf8x_force>, SvPVutf8_force X<SvPVutf8_force>, SvPVutf8_nolen
5878 X<SvPVutf8_nolen>, SvPVX X<SvPVX>, SvPVx X<SvPVx>, SvPV_force
5879 X<SvPV_force>, SvPV_force_nomg X<SvPV_force_nomg>, SvPV_nolen
5880 X<SvPV_nolen>, SvPV_nomg X<SvPV_nomg>, SvPV_set X<SvPV_set>, SvREFCNT
5881 X<SvREFCNT>, SvREFCNT_dec X<SvREFCNT_dec>, SvREFCNT_inc X<SvREFCNT_inc>,
5882 SvREFCNT_inc_NN X<SvREFCNT_inc_NN>, SvREFCNT_inc_simple
5883 X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple>, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN>,
5884 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void>,
5885 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN>,
5886 SvREFCNT_inc_void X<SvREFCNT_inc_void>, SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN
5887 X<SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN>, SvROK X<SvROK>, SvROK_off X<SvROK_off>, SvROK_on
5888 X<SvROK_on>, SvRV X<SvRV>, SvRV_set X<SvRV_set>, SvSTASH X<SvSTASH>,
5889 SvSTASH_set X<SvSTASH_set>, SvTAINT X<SvTAINT>, SvTAINTED X<SvTAINTED>,
5890 SvTAINTED_off X<SvTAINTED_off>, SvTAINTED_on X<SvTAINTED_on>, SvTRUE
5891 X<SvTRUE>, SvTYPE X<SvTYPE>, SvUOK X<SvUOK>, SvUPGRADE X<SvUPGRADE>, SvUTF8
5892 X<SvUTF8>, SvUTF8_off X<SvUTF8_off>, SvUTF8_on X<SvUTF8_on>, SvUV X<SvUV>,
5893 SvUVX X<SvUVX>, SvUVx X<SvUVx>, SvUV_nomg X<SvUV_nomg>, SvUV_set
5894 X<SvUV_set>, SvVOK X<SvVOK>, sv_catpvn_nomg X<sv_catpvn_nomg>,
5895 sv_catsv_nomg X<sv_catsv_nomg>, sv_derived_from X<sv_derived_from>, sv_does
5896 X<sv_does>, sv_report_used X<sv_report_used>, sv_setsv_nomg
5899 =item SV-Body Allocation
5901 looks_like_number X<looks_like_number>, newRV_noinc X<newRV_noinc>, newSV
5902 X<newSV>, newSVhek X<newSVhek>, newSViv X<newSViv>, newSVnv X<newSVnv>,
5903 newSVpv X<newSVpv>, newSVpvf X<newSVpvf>, newSVpvn X<newSVpvn>,
5904 newSVpvn_share X<newSVpvn_share>, newSVpvs X<newSVpvs>, newSVpvs_share
5905 X<newSVpvs_share>, newSVrv X<newSVrv>, newSVsv X<newSVsv>, newSVuv
5906 X<newSVuv>, newSV_type X<newSV_type>, sv_2bool X<sv_2bool>, sv_2cv
5907 X<sv_2cv>, sv_2io X<sv_2io>, sv_2iv_flags X<sv_2iv_flags>, sv_2mortal
5908 X<sv_2mortal>, sv_2nv X<sv_2nv>, sv_2pvbyte X<sv_2pvbyte>, sv_2pvutf8
5909 X<sv_2pvutf8>, sv_2pv_flags X<sv_2pv_flags>, sv_2uv_flags X<sv_2uv_flags>,
5910 sv_backoff X<sv_backoff>, sv_bless X<sv_bless>, sv_catpv X<sv_catpv>,
5911 sv_catpvf X<sv_catpvf>, sv_catpvf_mg X<sv_catpvf_mg>, sv_catpvn
5912 X<sv_catpvn>, sv_catpvn_flags X<sv_catpvn_flags>, sv_catpvs X<sv_catpvs>,
5913 sv_catpv_mg X<sv_catpv_mg>, sv_catsv X<sv_catsv>, sv_catsv_flags
5914 X<sv_catsv_flags>, sv_chop X<sv_chop>, sv_clear X<sv_clear>, sv_cmp
5915 X<sv_cmp>, sv_cmp_locale X<sv_cmp_locale>, sv_collxfrm X<sv_collxfrm>,
5916 sv_copypv X<sv_copypv>, sv_dec X<sv_dec>, sv_eq X<sv_eq>,
5917 sv_force_normal_flags X<sv_force_normal_flags>, sv_free X<sv_free>, sv_gets
5918 X<sv_gets>, sv_grow X<sv_grow>, sv_inc X<sv_inc>, sv_insert X<sv_insert>,
5919 sv_isa X<sv_isa>, sv_isobject X<sv_isobject>, sv_len X<sv_len>, sv_len_utf8
5920 X<sv_len_utf8>, sv_magic X<sv_magic>, sv_magicext X<sv_magicext>,
5921 sv_mortalcopy X<sv_mortalcopy>, sv_newmortal X<sv_newmortal>, sv_newref
5922 X<sv_newref>, sv_pos_b2u X<sv_pos_b2u>, sv_pos_u2b X<sv_pos_u2b>,
5923 sv_pvbyten_force X<sv_pvbyten_force>, sv_pvn_force X<sv_pvn_force>,
5924 sv_pvn_force_flags X<sv_pvn_force_flags>, sv_pvutf8n_force
5925 X<sv_pvutf8n_force>, sv_reftype X<sv_reftype>, sv_replace X<sv_replace>,
5926 sv_reset X<sv_reset>, sv_rvweaken X<sv_rvweaken>, sv_setiv X<sv_setiv>,
5927 sv_setiv_mg X<sv_setiv_mg>, sv_setnv X<sv_setnv>, sv_setnv_mg
5928 X<sv_setnv_mg>, sv_setpv X<sv_setpv>, sv_setpvf X<sv_setpvf>, sv_setpvf_mg
5929 X<sv_setpvf_mg>, sv_setpviv X<sv_setpviv>, sv_setpviv_mg X<sv_setpviv_mg>,
5930 sv_setpvn X<sv_setpvn>, sv_setpvn_mg X<sv_setpvn_mg>, sv_setpvs
5931 X<sv_setpvs>, sv_setpv_mg X<sv_setpv_mg>, sv_setref_iv X<sv_setref_iv>,
5932 sv_setref_nv X<sv_setref_nv>, sv_setref_pv X<sv_setref_pv>, sv_setref_pvn
5933 X<sv_setref_pvn>, sv_setref_uv X<sv_setref_uv>, sv_setsv X<sv_setsv>,
5934 sv_setsv_flags X<sv_setsv_flags>, sv_setsv_mg X<sv_setsv_mg>, sv_setuv
5935 X<sv_setuv>, sv_setuv_mg X<sv_setuv_mg>, sv_tainted X<sv_tainted>, sv_true
5936 X<sv_true>, sv_unmagic X<sv_unmagic>, sv_unref_flags X<sv_unref_flags>,
5937 sv_untaint X<sv_untaint>, sv_upgrade X<sv_upgrade>, sv_usepvn_flags
5938 X<sv_usepvn_flags>, sv_utf8_decode X<sv_utf8_decode>, sv_utf8_downgrade
5939 X<sv_utf8_downgrade>, sv_utf8_encode X<sv_utf8_encode>, sv_utf8_upgrade
5940 X<sv_utf8_upgrade>, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags X<sv_utf8_upgrade_flags>,
5941 sv_vcatpvf X<sv_vcatpvf>, sv_vcatpvfn X<sv_vcatpvfn>, sv_vcatpvf_mg
5942 X<sv_vcatpvf_mg>, sv_vsetpvf X<sv_vsetpvf>, sv_vsetpvfn X<sv_vsetpvfn>,
5943 sv_vsetpvf_mg X<sv_vsetpvf_mg>
5945 =item Unicode Support
5947 bytes_from_utf8 X<bytes_from_utf8>, bytes_to_utf8 X<bytes_to_utf8>,
5948 ibcmp_utf8 X<ibcmp_utf8>, is_utf8_char X<is_utf8_char>, is_utf8_string
5949 X<is_utf8_string>, is_utf8_string_loc X<is_utf8_string_loc>,
5950 is_utf8_string_loclen X<is_utf8_string_loclen>, pv_uni_display
5951 X<pv_uni_display>, sv_cat_decode X<sv_cat_decode>, sv_recode_to_utf8
5952 X<sv_recode_to_utf8>, sv_uni_display X<sv_uni_display>, to_utf8_case
5953 X<to_utf8_case>, to_utf8_fold X<to_utf8_fold>, to_utf8_lower
5954 X<to_utf8_lower>, to_utf8_title X<to_utf8_title>, to_utf8_upper
5955 X<to_utf8_upper>, utf8n_to_uvchr X<utf8n_to_uvchr>, utf8n_to_uvuni
5956 X<utf8n_to_uvuni>, utf8_distance X<utf8_distance>, utf8_hop X<utf8_hop>,
5957 utf8_length X<utf8_length>, utf8_to_bytes X<utf8_to_bytes>, utf8_to_uvchr
5958 X<utf8_to_uvchr>, utf8_to_uvuni X<utf8_to_uvuni>, uvchr_to_utf8
5959 X<uvchr_to_utf8>, uvuni_to_utf8_flags X<uvuni_to_utf8_flags>
5961 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
5963 ax X<ax>, CLASS X<CLASS>, dAX X<dAX>, dAXMARK X<dAXMARK>, dITEMS X<dITEMS>,
5964 dUNDERBAR X<dUNDERBAR>, dXSARGS X<dXSARGS>, dXSI32 X<dXSI32>, items
5965 X<items>, ix X<ix>, newXSproto X<newXSproto>, RETVAL X<RETVAL>, ST X<ST>,
5966 THIS X<THIS>, UNDERBAR X<UNDERBAR>, XS X<XS>, XS_VERSION X<XS_VERSION>,
5967 XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK X<XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK>
5969 =item Warning and Dieing
5971 croak X<croak>, warn X<warn>
5979 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
5985 X<internal Perl functions> X<interpreter functions>
5987 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
5989 CvWEAKOUTSIDE X<CvWEAKOUTSIDE>
5991 =item Functions in file pad.h
5993 CX_CURPAD_SAVE X<CX_CURPAD_SAVE>, CX_CURPAD_SV X<CX_CURPAD_SV>, PAD_BASE_SV
5994 X<PAD_BASE_SV>, PAD_CLONE_VARS X<PAD_CLONE_VARS>, PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS
5995 X<PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS>, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN X<PAD_COMPNAME_GEN>,
5996 PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set X<PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set>, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH
5997 X<PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH>, PAD_COMPNAME_PV X<PAD_COMPNAME_PV>,
5998 PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE X<PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE>, PAD_DUP X<PAD_DUP>,
5999 PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL X<PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL>, PAD_SAVE_LOCAL X<PAD_SAVE_LOCAL>,
6000 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD X<PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD>, PAD_SETSV X<PAD_SETSV>,
6001 PAD_SET_CUR X<PAD_SET_CUR>, PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE X<PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE>,
6002 PAD_SV X<PAD_SV>, PAD_SVl X<PAD_SVl>, SAVECLEARSV X<SAVECLEARSV>,
6003 SAVECOMPPAD X<SAVECOMPPAD>, SAVEPADSV X<SAVEPADSV>
6007 is_gv_magical X<is_gv_magical>, is_gv_magical_sv X<is_gv_magical_sv>
6009 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
6011 refcounted_he_chain_2hv X<refcounted_he_chain_2hv>, refcounted_he_free
6012 X<refcounted_he_free>, refcounted_he_new X<refcounted_he_new>
6016 start_glob X<start_glob>
6018 =item Magical Functions
6020 magic_sethint X<magic_sethint>, mg_localize X<mg_localize>
6024 mro_isa_changed_in X<mro_isa_changed_in>
6026 =item Pad Data Structures
6028 CvPADLIST X<CvPADLIST>, cv_clone X<cv_clone>, cv_dump X<cv_dump>,
6029 do_dump_pad X<do_dump_pad>, intro_my X<intro_my>, pad_add_anon
6030 X<pad_add_anon>, pad_add_name X<pad_add_name>, pad_alloc X<pad_alloc>,
6031 pad_block_start X<pad_block_start>, pad_check_dup X<pad_check_dup>,
6032 pad_findlex X<pad_findlex>, pad_findmy X<pad_findmy>, pad_fixup_inner_anons
6033 X<pad_fixup_inner_anons>, pad_free X<pad_free>, pad_leavemy X<pad_leavemy>,
6034 pad_new X<pad_new>, pad_push X<pad_push>, pad_reset X<pad_reset>, pad_setsv
6035 X<pad_setsv>, pad_swipe X<pad_swipe>, pad_tidy X<pad_tidy>, pad_undef
6038 =item Per-Interpreter Variables
6040 PL_DBsingle X<PL_DBsingle>, PL_DBsub X<PL_DBsub>, PL_DBtrace X<PL_DBtrace>,
6041 PL_dowarn X<PL_dowarn>, PL_last_in_gv X<PL_last_in_gv>, PL_ofs_sv
6042 X<PL_ofs_sv>, PL_rs X<PL_rs>
6044 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
6046 djSP X<djSP>, LVRET X<LVRET>
6048 =item SV Manipulation Functions
6050 sv_add_arena X<sv_add_arena>, sv_clean_all X<sv_clean_all>, sv_clean_objs
6051 X<sv_clean_objs>, sv_free_arenas X<sv_free_arenas>
6053 =item Unicode Support
6055 find_uninit_var X<find_uninit_var>, report_uninit X<report_uninit>
6063 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
6073 =item History and Background
6075 =item Basic Structure
6077 =item Layers vs Disciplines
6079 =item Data Structures
6081 =item Functions and Attributes
6083 =item Per-instance Data
6085 =item Layers in action.
6087 =item Per-instance flag bits
6089 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
6090 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
6091 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
6092 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
6094 =item Methods in Detail
6096 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
6097 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
6098 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
6099 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
6104 =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
6106 C implementations, Perl implementations
6110 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
6112 =item Extension Layers
6114 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
6122 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
6130 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
6131 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
6132 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
6133 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
6134 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
6135 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
6136 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
6137 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
6138 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
6139 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
6140 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
6144 =item Co-existence with stdio
6146 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
6147 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
6149 =item "Fast gets" Functions
6151 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
6152 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
6153 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
6154 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
6156 =item Other Functions
6158 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
6159 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
6165 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
6171 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
6172 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
6173 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
6174 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
6175 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
6176 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
6177 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
6181 =item Keeping in sync
6183 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
6184 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
6186 =item Why rsync the source tree
6188 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
6190 =item Why rsync the patches
6192 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
6193 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
6195 =item Working with the source
6197 =item Perlbug administration
6199 =item Submitting patches
6201 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
6202 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
6204 =item Finding Your Way Around
6206 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
6208 =item Elements of the interpreter
6210 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running, Exception handing
6212 =item Internal Variable Types
6218 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
6220 =item Millions of Macros
6222 =item The .i Targets
6226 =item SOURCE CODE STATIC ANALYSIS
6234 =item cpd (cut-and-paste detector)
6238 =item Warnings of other C compilers
6242 =item Poking at Perl
6244 =item Using a source-level debugger
6246 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
6247 finish, 'enter', print
6249 =item gdb macro support
6251 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
6255 =item Patching a core module
6257 =item Adding a new function to the core
6259 =item Writing a test
6261 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
6262 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
6263 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
6265 =item Special Make Test Targets
6267 coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind
6268 check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third
6269 utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8
6270 check.utf8, minitest.utf16 test.utf16, test_harness, test-notty test_notty
6272 =item Running tests by hand
6274 -v, -torture, -re=PATTERN, -re LIST OF PATTERNS, PERL_CORE=1,
6275 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
6277 =item Common problems when patching Perl source code
6279 =item Perl environment problems
6281 =item Portability problems
6283 =item Problematic System Interfaces
6285 =item Security problems
6289 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
6293 =item Rational Software's Purify
6295 =item Purify on Unix
6297 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
6301 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
6305 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
6307 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
6313 =item Gprof Profiling
6315 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
6317 =item GCC gcov Profiling
6319 =item Pixie Profiling
6321 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
6324 =item Miscellaneous tricks
6330 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
6336 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
6344 =head2 perlcommunity - a brief overview of the Perl community
6352 =item Where to find the community
6354 =item Mailing lists and Newsgroups
6360 L<http://perl.com/>, L<http://use.perl.org/>, L<http://www.perlmonks.org/>
6370 =item Calendar of Perl Events
6378 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
6384 =item Tasks that only need Perl knowledge
6388 =item common test code for timed bail out
6390 =item POD -E<gt> HTML conversion in the core still sucks
6392 =item Parallel testing
6394 =item Make Schwern poorer
6396 =item Improve the coverage of the core tests
6400 =item A decent benchmark
6402 =item fix tainting bugs
6404 =item Dual life everything
6406 =item Improving C<threads::shared>
6408 =item POSIX memory footprint
6410 =item embed.pl/makedef.pl
6412 =item use strict; and AutoLoad
6416 =item Tasks that need a little sysadmin-type knowledge
6420 =item make HTML install work
6422 =item compressed man pages
6424 =item Add a code coverage target to the Makefile
6426 =item Make Config.pm cope with differences between built and installed perl
6428 =item linker specification files
6430 =item Cross-compile support
6434 =item Tasks that need a little C knowledge
6438 =item Make it clear from -v if this is the exact official release
6440 =item Profile Perl - am I hot or not?
6442 =item Allocate OPs from arenas
6444 =item Improve win32/wince.c
6446 =item Use secure CRT functions when building with VC8 on Win32
6450 =item Tasks that need a knowledge of XS
6454 =item autovivification
6456 =item Unicode in Filenames
6458 =item Unicode in %ENV
6460 =item Unicode and glob()
6462 =item use less 'memory'
6464 =item Re-implement C<:unique> in a way that is actually thread-safe
6466 =item Make tainting consistent
6468 =item readpipe(LIST)
6470 =item strcat(), strcpy(), strncat(), strncpy(), sprintf(), vsprintf()
6472 =item Audit the code for destruction ordering assumptions
6474 =item Extend PerlIO and PerlIO::Scalar
6476 =item -C on the #! line
6480 =item Tasks that need a knowledge of the interpreter
6484 =item Implement $value ~~ 0 .. $range
6486 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
6488 =item LVALUE functions for lists
6490 =item LVALUE functions in the debugger
6492 =item regexp optimiser optional
6494 =item delete &function
6496 =item C</w> regex modifier
6498 =item optional optimizer
6500 =item You WANT *how* many
6502 =item lexical aliases
6504 =item entersub XS vs Perl
6508 =item Optimize away @_
6510 =item Properly Unicode safe tokeniser and pads.
6512 =item The yada yada yada operators
6514 =item Virtualize operating system access
6522 =item make ithreads more robust
6526 =item (?{...}) closures in regexps
6528 =item A re-entrant regexp engine
6530 =item Add class set operations to regexp engine
6536 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
6546 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
6547 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
6548 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
6549 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>, B<-L> I<language_code>,
6550 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
6561 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
6569 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
6581 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
6583 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
6587 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
6591 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.5
6597 =item Incompatible Changes
6601 =item Tainting and printf
6603 =item undef and signal handlers
6605 =item strictures and array/hash dereferencing in defined()
6607 =item C<(?p{})> has been removed
6609 =item Removal of the bytecode compiler and of perlcc
6611 =item Removal of the JPL
6613 =item Recursive inheritance detected earlier
6617 =item Core Enhancements
6621 =item Regular expressions
6623 Recursive Patterns, Named Capture Buffers, Possessive Quantifiers,
6624 Backtracking control verbs, Relative backreferences, C<\K> escape, Vertical
6625 and horizontal whitespace, and linebreak
6627 =item The C<_> prototype
6629 =item UNITCHECK blocks
6631 =item readpipe() is now overridable
6633 =item default argument for readline()
6639 =item Implicit loading of C<feature>
6643 =item Modules and Pragmas
6647 =item New Pragma, C<mro>
6649 =item bignum, bigint, bigrat
6651 =item New Core Modules
6653 =item Module changes
6655 C<assertions>, C<base>, C<strict> and C<warnings>, C<warnings>, C<less>,
6656 C<Attribute::Handlers>, C<B::Lint>, C<B>, C<Thread>
6660 =item Utility Changes
6676 =item New manpage, perlunifaq
6680 =item Performance Enhancements
6682 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6686 =item C++ compatibility
6690 =item Static build on Win32
6692 =item C<d_pseudofork>
6698 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6700 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6708 =item Changed Internals
6710 =item Known Problems
6714 =item Platform Specific Problems
6718 =item Reporting Bugs
6724 =head2 perl595delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.5
6730 =item Incompatible Changes
6734 =item Tainting and printf
6736 =item undef and signal handlers
6738 =item strictures and array/hash dereferencing in defined()
6740 =item C<(?p{})> has been removed
6742 =item Removal of the bytecode compiler and of perlcc
6744 =item Removal of the JPL
6746 =item Recursive inheritance detected earlier
6750 =item Core Enhancements
6754 =item Regular expressions
6756 Recursive Patterns, Named Capture Buffers, Possessive Quantifiers,
6757 Backtracking control verbs, Relative backreferences, C<\K> escape, Vertical
6758 and horizontal whitespace, and linebreak
6760 =item The C<_> prototype
6762 =item UNITCHECK blocks
6764 =item readpipe() is now overridable
6766 =item default argument for readline()
6772 =item Implicit loading of C<feature>
6776 =item Modules and Pragmas
6780 =item New Pragma, C<mro>
6782 =item bignum, bigint, bigrat
6784 =item New Core Modules
6786 =item Module changes
6788 C<assertions>, C<base>, C<strict> and C<warnings>, C<warnings>, C<less>,
6789 C<Attribute::Handlers>, C<B::Lint>, C<B>, C<Thread>
6793 =item Utility Changes
6809 =item New manpage, perlunifaq
6813 =item Performance Enhancements
6815 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6819 =item C++ compatibility
6823 =item Static build on Win32
6825 =item C<d_pseudofork>
6831 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6833 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6841 =item Changed Internals
6843 =item Known Problems
6847 =item Platform Specific Problems
6851 =item Reporting Bugs
6857 =head2 perl594delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.4
6863 =item Incompatible Changes
6869 =item Handling of pmc files
6871 =item @- and @+ in patterns
6873 =item $AUTOLOAD can now be tainted
6877 =item Core Enhancements
6881 =item state() variables
6883 =item UNIVERSAL::DOES()
6885 =item Exceptions in constant folding
6887 =item Source filters in @INC
6893 =item Modules and Pragmas
6897 =item New Core Modules
6901 =item Utility Changes
6913 =item New manpage, perlpragma
6915 =item New manpage, perlreguts
6917 =item New manpage, perlunitut
6921 =item Performance Enhancements
6925 =item Memory optimisations
6927 =item UTF-8 cache optimisation
6929 =item Regular expressions
6931 Engine de-recursivised, Single char char-classes treated as literals, Trie
6932 optimisation of literal string alternations, Aho-Corasick start-point
6935 =item Sloppy stat on Windows
6939 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6943 =item Relocatable installations
6947 =item Compilation improvements
6951 =item Windows build improvements
6953 Building XS extensions, Support for 64-bit compiler
6957 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6961 =item PERL5SHELL and tainting
6963 =item Using *FILE{IO}
6965 =item Overloading and reblessing
6967 =item Overloading and UTF-8
6969 =item eval memory leaks fixed
6971 =item Random device on Windows
6975 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6977 State variable %s will be reinitialized
6979 =item Changed Internals
6981 =item Known Problems
6983 =item Reporting Bugs
6989 =head2 perl593delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.3
6995 =item Incompatible Changes
6999 =item Parsing of C<-f _>
7003 =item Magic goto and eval
7005 =item C<$#> has been removed
7009 =item Scoping of the C<sort> pragma
7013 =item Core Enhancements
7017 =item The C<feature> pragma
7019 =item Switch and Smart Match operator
7023 =item C<CLONE_SKIP()>
7025 =item C<${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}>
7029 =item Unicode Character Database 4.1.0
7033 =item Recursive sort subs
7035 =item Effect of pragmas in eval
7037 =item New B<-E> command-line switch
7039 =item C<chdir>, C<chmod> and C<chown> on filehandles
7045 =item Modules and Pragmata
7049 =item New Core Modules
7053 =item Utility Changes
7063 =item C<h2xs> enhancements
7065 =item C<perlivp> enhancements
7077 =item Performance Enhancements
7081 =item XS-assisted SWASHGET
7083 =item Constant subroutines
7085 =item C<PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV>
7087 =item Weak references are cheaper
7089 =item sort() enhancements
7093 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7097 =item Compilation improvements
7099 =item New Or Improved Platforms
7103 =item Module auxiliary files
7107 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7111 =item C<defined $$x>
7113 =item Calling CORE::require()
7115 =item Subscripts of slices
7117 =item Remove over-optimisation
7119 =item sprintf() fixes
7121 =item no warnings 'category' works correctly with -w
7125 =item More Unicode Fixes
7129 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7133 =item Attempt to set length of freed array
7135 =item Non-string passed as bitmask
7137 =item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search
7140 =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration
7142 =item readdir()/closedir()/etc. attempted on invalid dirhandle
7146 =item Changed Internals
7150 =item B:: modules inheritance changed
7154 =item Reporting Bugs
7160 =head2 perl592delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.2
7166 =item Incompatible Changes
7170 =item Packing and UTF-8 strings
7176 =item Core Enhancements
7180 =item Malloc wrapping
7182 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
7184 =item suidperl less insecure
7190 =item Unicode Character Classes
7192 =item Byte-order modifiers for pack() and unpack()
7194 =item Byte count feature in pack()
7200 =item Modules and Pragmata
7206 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
7208 B::Concise, Socket, Sys::Syslog, threads
7212 =item Utility Changes
7214 =item Performance Enhancements
7216 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7218 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7220 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7222 =item Changed Internals
7224 =item Known Problems
7226 =item Plans for the next release
7228 =item Reporting Bugs
7234 =head2 perl591delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.1
7240 =item Incompatible Changes
7244 =item substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length
7246 =item The C<:unique> attribute is only meaningful for globals
7250 =item Core Enhancements
7256 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
7260 =item Stacked filetest operators
7264 =item Modules and Pragmata
7266 Benchmark, Carp, Exporter, FindBin, List::Util, threads::shared
7268 =item Utility Changes
7272 =item Performance Enhancements
7274 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7280 =item Threading bugs
7286 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7288 =item Changed Internals
7292 =item Reordering of SVt_* constants
7294 =item Removal of CPP symbols
7296 =item Less space is used by ops
7302 =item Configuration and Building
7304 =item Known Problems
7308 =item Platform Specific Problems
7312 =item To-do for perl 5.10.0
7314 =item Reporting Bugs
7320 =head2 perl590delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
7326 =item Incompatible Changes
7330 =item Hash Randomisation
7332 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
7334 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
7336 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
7338 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
7340 =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
7344 =item Core Enhancements
7350 =item Defined-or operators
7352 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
7354 =item Unsafe signals again available
7356 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
7360 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
7362 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
7366 =item Modules and Pragmata
7370 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
7372 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
7373 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
7374 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
7375 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
7376 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
7377 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
7378 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
7383 =item Utility Changes
7385 =item New Documentation
7387 =item Performance Enhancements
7389 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7393 =item Platform-specific enhancements
7397 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7401 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
7405 =item Platform-specific fixes
7409 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7413 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
7415 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
7417 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
7419 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
7421 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
7423 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
7425 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
7427 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
7429 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
7431 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
7433 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
7437 =item Changed Internals
7441 =item Known Problems
7445 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
7447 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
7453 =item Platform Specific Problems
7457 =item EBCDIC Platforms
7459 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
7461 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
7463 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
7465 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
7467 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
7469 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
7475 =item Reporting Bugs
7481 =head2 perl588delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.8
7487 =item Incompatible Changes
7489 =item Core Enhancements
7491 =item Modules and Pragmata
7493 =item Utility Changes
7497 =item C<h2xs> enhancements
7499 =item C<perlivp> enhancements
7503 =item New Documentation
7505 =item Performance Enhancements
7507 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7509 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7513 =item no warnings 'category' works correctly with -w
7515 =item Remove over-optimisation
7517 =item sprintf() fixes
7519 =item Debugger and Unicode slowdown
7525 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7529 =item Attempt to set length of freed array
7531 =item Non-string passed as bitmask
7533 =item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search
7538 =item Changed Internals
7540 =item Platform Specific Problems
7542 =item Reporting Bugs
7548 =head2 perl587delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.7
7554 =item Incompatible Changes
7556 =item Core Enhancements
7560 =item Unicode Character Database 4.1.0
7562 =item suidperl less insecure
7564 =item Optional site customization script
7566 =item C<Config.pm> is now much smaller.
7570 =item Modules and Pragmata
7572 =item Utility Changes
7576 =item find2perl enhancements
7580 =item Performance Enhancements
7582 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7584 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7586 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7588 =item Changed Internals
7590 =item Known Problems
7592 =item Platform Specific Problems
7594 =item Reporting Bugs
7600 =head2 perl586delta - what is new for perl v5.8.6
7606 =item Incompatible Changes
7608 =item Core Enhancements
7610 =item Modules and Pragmata
7612 =item Utility Changes
7614 =item Performance Enhancements
7616 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7618 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7620 =item Changed Internals
7624 =item Reporting Bugs
7630 =head2 perl585delta - what is new for perl v5.8.5
7636 =item Incompatible Changes
7638 =item Core Enhancements
7640 =item Modules and Pragmata
7642 =item Utility Changes
7646 =item Perl's debugger
7652 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7654 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7656 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7658 =item Changed Internals
7660 =item Known Problems
7662 =item Platform Specific Problems
7664 =item Reporting Bugs
7670 =head2 perl584delta - what is new for perl v5.8.4
7676 =item Incompatible Changes
7678 =item Core Enhancements
7682 =item Malloc wrapping
7684 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
7686 =item suidperl less insecure
7692 =item Modules and Pragmata
7696 =item Updated modules
7698 Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter, File::Find,
7699 IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
7700 Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBM_File, POSIX, Shell, Socket, Storable,
7701 Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32,
7702 base, open, threads, utf8
7706 =item Performance Enhancements
7708 =item Utility Changes
7710 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7712 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7714 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7716 =item Changed Internals
7718 =item Future Directions
7720 =item Platform Specific Problems
7722 =item Reporting Bugs
7728 =head2 perl583delta - what is new for perl v5.8.3
7734 =item Incompatible Changes
7736 =item Core Enhancements
7738 =item Modules and Pragmata
7740 CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util,
7741 Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate,
7742 Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared
7744 =item Utility Changes
7746 =item New Documentation
7748 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7750 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7752 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7754 =item Changed Internals
7756 =item Configuration and Building
7758 =item Platform Specific Problems
7760 =item Known Problems
7762 =item Future Directions
7766 =item Reporting Bugs
7772 =head2 perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2
7778 =item Incompatible Changes
7780 =item Core Enhancements
7784 =item Hash Randomisation
7790 =item Modules and Pragmata
7794 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
7796 Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64,
7797 Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate,
7798 Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL
7802 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7804 =item Changed Internals
7806 =item Platform Specific Problems
7808 =item Future Directions
7810 =item Reporting Bugs
7816 =head2 perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
7822 =item Incompatible Changes
7826 =item Hash Randomisation
7828 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
7830 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
7832 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
7834 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
7838 =item Core Enhancements
7842 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
7844 =item Unsafe signals again available
7846 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
7850 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
7852 =item Deprecation Warnings
7854 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
7858 =item Modules and Pragmata
7862 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
7864 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
7865 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
7866 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
7867 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
7868 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
7869 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
7870 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
7875 =item Utility Changes
7877 =item New Documentation
7879 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7883 =item Platform-specific enhancements
7887 =item Selected Bug Fixes
7891 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
7895 =item Platform-specific fixes
7899 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7903 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
7905 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
7907 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
7909 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
7911 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
7913 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
7915 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
7917 =item New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
7919 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
7921 =item New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
7923 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
7925 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
7927 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
7931 =item Changed Internals
7935 =item Known Problems
7939 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
7941 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
7947 =item Platform Specific Problems
7951 =item EBCDIC Platforms
7953 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
7955 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
7957 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
7959 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
7961 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
7963 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
7967 =item Future Directions
7969 =item Reporting Bugs
7975 =head2 perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
7981 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
7983 =item Incompatible Changes
7987 =item Binary Incompatibility
7989 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
7991 =item AIX Dynaloading
7993 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
7995 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
7997 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
7999 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
8001 =item New Unicode Properties
8003 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
8005 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
8007 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
8013 =item Core Enhancements
8017 =item Unicode Overhaul
8019 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
8023 =item Restricted Hashes
8027 =item Understanding of Numbers
8029 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
8031 =item Miscellaneous Changes
8035 =item Modules and Pragmata
8039 =item New Modules and Pragmata
8041 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
8045 =item Utility Changes
8047 =item New Documentation
8049 =item Performance Enhancements
8051 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8055 =item Generic Improvements
8057 =item New Or Improved Platforms
8061 =item Selected Bug Fixes
8065 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
8069 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8071 =item Changed Internals
8073 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
8077 =item Known Problems
8081 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
8083 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
8085 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
8087 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
8089 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
8091 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
8093 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
8095 =item PDL failing some tests
8099 =item Self-tying Problems
8101 =item ext/threads/t/libc
8103 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
8105 =item Timing problems
8107 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
8109 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
8113 =item Platform Specific Problems
8119 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
8125 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
8127 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
8129 =item DJGPP Failures
8131 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
8133 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
8135 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
8137 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
8139 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
8141 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
8145 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
8147 =item OS/2 Test Failures
8149 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
8155 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
8157 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
8159 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
8171 =item XML::Parser not working
8175 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
8177 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
8181 =item Reporting Bugs
8189 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
8197 =item Reporting Bugs
8205 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
8211 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
8213 =item Incompatible Changes
8217 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
8219 =item AIX Dynaloading
8221 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
8223 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
8229 =item Core Enhancements
8231 =item Modules and Pragmata
8235 =item New Modules and Distributions
8237 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
8241 =item Utility Changes
8243 =item New Documentation
8245 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8249 =item New Or Improved Platforms
8251 =item Generic Improvements
8255 =item Selected Bug Fixes
8259 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
8263 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8265 =item Source Code Enhancements
8269 =item MAGIC constants
8271 =item Better commented code
8273 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
8281 =item Known Problems
8287 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
8289 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
8291 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
8293 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
8295 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
8297 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
8301 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
8303 =item Failure of Thread tests
8313 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
8315 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
8317 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
8319 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
8321 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
8323 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
8327 =item Reporting Bugs
8335 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
8341 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
8343 =item Incompatible Changes
8345 =item Core Enhancements
8349 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
8351 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
8353 =item Signals Are Now Safe
8357 =item Modules and Pragmata
8363 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
8367 =item Performance Enhancements
8369 =item Utility Changes
8371 =item New Documentation
8387 =item README.solaris
8391 =item Porting/repository.pod
8395 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8399 =item New Or Improved Platforms
8401 =item Generic Improvements
8403 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
8404 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
8405 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
8409 =item Selected Bug Fixes
8413 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
8417 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8419 =item Changed Internals
8423 =item Known Problems
8427 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
8429 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
8431 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
8433 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
8437 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
8439 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
8441 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
8443 =item Failure of Thread tests
8445 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
8447 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
8449 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
8451 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
8455 =item Reporting Bugs
8463 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
8469 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
8471 =item Incompatible Changes
8473 =item Core Enhancements
8475 =item Modules and Pragmata
8481 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
8485 =item Utility Changes
8487 =item New Documentation
8489 =item Performance Enhancements
8491 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8495 =item Generic Improvements
8499 =item Selected Bug Fixes
8503 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
8507 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8509 =item Changed Internals
8511 =item Known Problems
8515 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
8517 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
8519 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
8521 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
8523 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
8525 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
8527 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
8529 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
8531 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
8533 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
8537 =item Reporting Bugs
8545 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
8551 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
8555 =item Security Issues
8557 =item Core bug fixes
8559 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
8560 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
8561 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
8562 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
8563 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
8564 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
8569 =item Configuration issues
8573 =item Bundled modules
8575 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
8576 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
8577 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
8578 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
8580 =item Platform-specific improvements
8582 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
8586 =item Core Enhancements
8590 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
8592 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
8594 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
8596 =item Support for interpolating named characters
8598 =item "our" declarations
8600 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
8602 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
8604 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
8606 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
8608 =item open() with more than two arguments
8610 =item 64-bit support
8612 =item Large file support
8618 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
8620 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
8622 =item File globbing implemented internally
8624 =item Support for CHECK blocks
8626 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
8628 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
8630 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
8632 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
8634 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
8636 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
8638 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
8640 =item Comments in pack() templates
8642 =item Weak references
8644 =item Binary numbers supported
8646 =item Lvalue subroutines
8648 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
8650 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
8652 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
8654 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
8656 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
8658 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
8660 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
8662 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
8664 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
8666 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
8668 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
8670 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
8672 =item Improved diagnostics
8674 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
8676 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
8678 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
8680 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
8682 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
8684 =item Improved security features
8686 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
8688 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
8690 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
8692 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
8694 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
8696 =item Optional Y2K warnings
8698 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
8700 =item @- and @+ provide starting/ending offsets of regex submatches
8704 =item Modules and Pragmata
8710 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
8711 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
8712 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
8713 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
8714 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
8715 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
8716 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
8717 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
8723 =item Utility Changes
8737 =item The Perl Debugger
8741 =item Improved Documentation
8743 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
8744 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
8745 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
8746 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
8748 =item Performance enhancements
8752 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
8754 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
8756 =item Faster subroutine calls
8758 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
8762 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8766 =item -Dusethreads means something different
8768 =item New Configure flags
8770 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
8776 =item -Duselargefiles
8778 =item installusrbinperl
8784 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
8786 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
8790 =item Platform specific changes
8794 =item Supported platforms
8798 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
8806 =item Significant bug fixes
8810 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
8812 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
8814 =item All compilation errors are true errors
8816 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
8818 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
8820 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
8822 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
8824 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
8826 =item Failures in DESTROY()
8828 =item Locale bugs fixed
8832 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
8834 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
8836 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
8838 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
8842 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8844 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
8845 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
8846 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
8847 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
8848 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
8849 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
8850 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
8851 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
8852 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
8853 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
8854 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
8855 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
8856 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
8857 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
8858 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
8859 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
8860 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
8861 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
8862 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
8863 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
8864 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
8865 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
8866 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
8867 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
8868 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
8869 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
8870 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
8871 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
8872 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
8873 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
8874 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
8875 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
8876 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
8877 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
8878 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
8879 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
8880 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
8881 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
8882 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
8883 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
8884 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
8885 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
8886 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
8887 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
8888 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
8889 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
8890 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
8891 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
8892 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
8893 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
8897 =item Incompatible Changes
8901 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
8903 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
8904 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
8905 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
8906 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
8907 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
8908 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
8909 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
8910 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
8911 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
8912 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
8913 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
8915 =item C Source Incompatibilities
8917 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
8919 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
8921 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
8923 =item Binary Incompatibilities
8927 =item Known Problems
8931 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
8933 =item Known test failures
8935 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
8937 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
8939 =item Arrow operator and arrays
8941 =item Experimental features
8943 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
8944 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
8945 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
8949 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
8951 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
8952 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
8953 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
8954 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
8956 =item Reporting Bugs
8964 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
8970 =item Core Enhancements
8974 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
8976 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
8978 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
8980 =item Support for interpolating named characters
8982 =item "our" declarations
8984 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
8986 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
8988 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
8990 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
8992 =item open() with more than two arguments
8994 =item 64-bit support
8996 =item Large file support
9002 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
9004 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
9006 =item File globbing implemented internally
9008 =item Support for CHECK blocks
9010 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
9012 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
9014 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
9016 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
9018 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
9020 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
9022 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
9024 =item Comments in pack() templates
9026 =item Weak references
9028 =item Binary numbers supported
9030 =item Lvalue subroutines
9032 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
9034 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
9036 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
9038 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
9040 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
9042 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
9044 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
9046 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
9048 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
9050 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
9052 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
9054 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
9056 =item Improved diagnostics
9058 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
9060 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
9062 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
9064 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
9066 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
9068 =item Improved security features
9070 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
9072 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
9074 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
9076 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
9078 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
9080 =item Optional Y2K warnings
9082 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
9084 =item @- and @+ provide starting/ending offsets of regex matches
9088 =item Modules and Pragmata
9094 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
9095 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
9096 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
9097 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
9098 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
9099 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
9100 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
9101 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
9107 =item Utility Changes
9121 =item The Perl Debugger
9125 =item Improved Documentation
9127 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
9128 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
9129 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
9130 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
9132 =item Performance enhancements
9136 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
9138 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
9140 =item Faster subroutine calls
9142 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
9146 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
9150 =item -Dusethreads means something different
9152 =item New Configure flags
9154 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
9160 =item -Duselargefiles
9162 =item installusrbinperl
9168 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
9172 =item Platform specific changes
9176 =item Supported platforms
9180 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
9188 =item Significant bug fixes
9192 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
9194 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
9196 =item All compilation errors are true errors
9198 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
9200 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
9202 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
9204 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
9206 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
9208 =item Failures in DESTROY()
9210 =item Locale bugs fixed
9214 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
9216 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
9218 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
9220 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
9224 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
9226 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
9227 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
9228 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
9229 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
9230 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
9231 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
9232 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
9233 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
9234 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
9235 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
9236 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
9237 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
9238 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
9239 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
9240 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
9241 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
9242 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
9243 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
9244 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
9245 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
9246 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
9247 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
9248 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
9249 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
9250 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
9251 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
9252 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
9253 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
9254 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
9255 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
9256 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
9257 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
9258 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
9259 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
9260 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
9261 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
9262 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
9263 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
9264 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
9265 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
9266 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
9267 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
9268 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
9269 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
9270 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
9271 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
9272 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
9273 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
9274 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
9275 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
9279 =item Incompatible Changes
9283 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
9285 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
9286 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
9287 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
9288 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
9289 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
9290 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
9291 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
9292 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
9293 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
9294 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
9295 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
9297 =item C Source Incompatibilities
9299 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
9301 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
9303 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
9305 =item Binary Incompatibilities
9309 =item Known Problems
9313 =item Thread test failures
9315 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
9317 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
9319 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
9321 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
9324 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
9326 =item Arrow operator and arrays
9328 =item Experimental features
9330 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
9331 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
9332 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
9336 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
9338 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
9339 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
9340 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
9341 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
9343 =item Reporting Bugs
9351 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
9357 =item About the new versioning system
9359 =item Incompatible Changes
9363 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
9365 =item Default installation structure has changed
9367 =item Perl Source Compatibility
9369 =item C Source Compatibility
9371 =item Binary Compatibility
9373 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
9375 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
9389 =item Regular Expressions
9391 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
9392 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
9393 improvements, Incompatible changes
9395 =item Improved malloc()
9397 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
9399 =item Reliable signals
9401 =item Reliable stack pointers
9403 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
9407 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
9409 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
9411 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
9413 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
9415 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
9417 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
9419 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
9421 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
9423 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
9425 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
9427 =item Better locale support
9429 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
9431 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
9433 =item Extended support for exception handling
9435 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
9437 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
9439 =item New C<INIT> keyword
9441 =item New C<lock> keyword
9443 =item New C<qr//> operator
9445 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
9447 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
9449 =item Tied handles support is better
9451 =item 4th argument to substr
9453 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
9455 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
9457 =item <> now reads in records
9461 =item Supported Platforms
9467 =item Changes in existing support
9471 =item Modules and Pragmata
9477 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
9478 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
9479 Thread, attrs, fields, re
9481 =item Changes in existing modules
9483 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
9484 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
9488 =item Utility Changes
9490 =item Documentation Changes
9492 =item New Diagnostics
9494 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
9495 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
9496 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
9497 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
9498 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
9499 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
9500 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
9501 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
9502 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
9503 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
9504 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
9505 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
9506 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
9507 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
9508 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
9509 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
9510 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
9512 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
9514 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
9515 temporary file, regexp too big
9517 =item Configuration Changes
9527 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
9533 =item Supported Environments
9539 =item List assignment to %ENV works
9541 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
9543 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
9545 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
9547 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
9549 =item More precise warnings
9551 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
9553 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
9555 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
9557 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
9559 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
9561 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
9563 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
9565 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
9567 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
9569 =item Changes to tainting checks
9571 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
9572 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
9574 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
9576 =item Embedding improvements
9578 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
9580 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
9582 =item New and changed syntax
9586 =item New and changed builtin constants
9590 =item New and changed builtin variables
9594 =item New and changed builtin functions
9596 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
9597 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
9598 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
9599 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
9600 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
9602 =item New builtin methods
9604 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
9606 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
9608 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
9609 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
9611 =item Malloc enhancements
9613 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
9615 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
9619 =item Support for More Operating Systems
9635 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
9636 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
9642 =item Required Updates
9644 =item Installation directories
9646 =item Module information summary
9660 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
9664 =item Utility Changes
9670 Sends converted HTML to standard output
9674 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
9678 =item C Language API Changes
9680 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
9683 =item Documentation Changes
9685 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
9686 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
9688 =item New Diagnostics
9690 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
9691 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
9692 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
9693 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
9694 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
9695 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
9696 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
9697 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
9698 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
9699 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
9700 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
9701 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
9702 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
9703 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
9704 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
9705 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
9706 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
9707 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
9708 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
9709 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
9710 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
9711 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
9712 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
9713 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
9714 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
9724 =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
9732 =item The "Artistic License"
9740 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
9741 copying fee", "Freely Available"
9745 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
9751 =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
9763 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
9767 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
9775 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
9779 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
9781 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
9783 =item The usenm option
9785 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
9787 =item Using Large Files with Perl
9793 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
9803 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
9819 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
9821 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
9823 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
9825 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
9831 =item Accessing documentation
9835 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
9837 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
9839 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
9841 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
9845 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
9849 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
9851 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
9853 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
9855 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
9857 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
9861 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
9869 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
9879 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5.8+ on BeOS
9885 =item BUILD AND INSTALL
9899 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
9905 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
9915 =item gzip on BS2000
9917 =item bison on BS2000
9919 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
9921 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
9923 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
9925 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
9927 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
9929 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
9931 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
9933 =item Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions
9951 =head2 perlce - Perl for WinCE
9955 =item Building Perl for WinCE
9961 =item General explanations on cross-compiling WinCE
9965 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
9966 celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources, go to C<./win32>
9967 subdirectory, edit file C<./win32/ce-helpers/compile.bat>, run
9968 compile.bat, run compile.bat dist
9972 =item Using Perl on WinCE
9982 PERL5LIB, PATH, TMP, UNIXROOTPATH, ROWS/COLS, HOME, CONSOLEFONTSIZE
9994 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
9996 =item History of WinCE port
10000 Rainer Keuchel <coyxc@rainer-keuchel.de>, Vadim Konovalov
10004 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
10010 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
10014 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
10016 =item Cygwin Configuration
10018 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
10022 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
10026 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
10028 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
10030 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
10031 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
10033 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
10035 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
10036 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
10039 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
10041 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
10045 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
10049 =item Errors on Cygwin
10051 =item ld2 on Cygwin
10055 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
10059 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
10061 =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
10063 =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
10067 =item Specific features of the Cygwin port
10071 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
10073 Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, cygwin vs. windows process ids,
10074 C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
10076 =item Prebuilt methods:
10078 C<Cwd::cwd>, C<Cygwin::pid_to_winpid>, C<Cygwin::winpid_to_pid>
10082 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
10084 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
10086 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
10087 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
10089 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
10097 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
10109 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
10113 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
10115 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
10117 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
10119 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
10129 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
10139 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
10143 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
10145 =item Building Perl on DOS
10147 =item Testing Perl on DOS
10149 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
10153 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
10157 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
10159 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
10161 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
10163 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
10173 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
10181 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
10183 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
10187 =item Editors on Epoc
10189 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
10191 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
10193 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
10197 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
10205 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
10213 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
10215 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
10217 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
10225 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
10234 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
10236 =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
10238 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
10242 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
10250 =item Itanium Processor Family (IPF) and HP-UX
10252 =item Itanium, Itanium 2 & Madison 6
10254 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
10256 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
10258 =item The GNU C Compiler
10260 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
10262 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
10264 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
10266 =item Oracle on HP-UX
10268 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
10270 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
10272 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
10274 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
10278 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
10286 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
10294 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
10302 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
10310 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
10312 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
10314 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
10316 =item Linker Problems in Irix
10318 =item Malloc in Irix
10320 =item Building with threads in Irix
10330 =head2 perllinux, README.linux - Perl version 5 on Linux systems
10338 =item Experimental Support for Sun Studio Compilers for Linux OS
10346 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
10355 =item Perl version 5.8.x and greater not supported
10357 =item Compiling Perl 5.6.x on MachTen
10359 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
10361 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
10363 =item Building external modules on MachTen
10373 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
10387 =head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
10397 =item Installation Prefix
10401 =item Universal Binary support
10403 =item 64-bit PPC support
10405 =item libperl and Prebinding
10407 =item Updating Apple's Perl
10409 =item Known problems
10419 =item Starting From Scratch
10427 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
10433 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
10439 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
10447 =item Binary distribution from HP
10449 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
10451 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
10453 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
10455 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
10457 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
10459 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
10460 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
10462 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
10466 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
10468 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
10470 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
10472 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
10474 =item Perl/iX Change History
10480 =head2 perlnetware - Perl for NetWare
10494 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
10506 =item BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS
10508 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
10516 =head2 perlopenbsd, README.openbsd - Perl version 5 on OpenBSD systems
10524 =item OpenBSD core dumps from getprotobyname_r and getservbyname_r with
10533 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
10551 =item Prerequisites
10553 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
10555 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
10557 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
10561 =item Frequently asked questions
10565 =item "It does not work"
10567 =item I cannot run external programs
10569 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
10572 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
10573 L<ExtUtils::Embed>?
10575 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
10577 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
10585 =item Automatic binary installation
10587 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
10589 =item Manual binary installation
10591 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
10592 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
10593 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
10594 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
10595 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
10601 =item Accessing documentation
10605 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
10613 =item GNU C<info> files
10617 =item C<LaTeX> docs
10625 =item The short story
10627 =item Prerequisites
10629 =item Getting perl source
10631 =item Application of the patches
10639 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
10642 =item Installing the built perl
10644 =item C<a.out>-style build
10648 =item Building a binary distribution
10650 =item Building custom F<.EXE> files
10654 =item Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded
10657 =item Making executables with a custom search-paths
10665 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
10667 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
10669 =item Problems with tr or sed
10671 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
10673 =item Library ... not found
10675 =item Segfault in make
10677 =item op/sprintf test failure
10681 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
10685 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
10689 =item C<extproc> on the first line
10691 =item Additional modules:
10693 =item Prebuilt methods:
10695 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
10696 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
10697 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
10698 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
10699 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
10700 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
10701 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
10702 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
10703 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
10704 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
10705 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
10706 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
10708 =item Prebuilt variables:
10710 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
10715 =item Modifications
10717 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
10720 =item Identifying DLLs
10722 =item Centralized management of resources
10724 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
10725 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
10726 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
10727 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
10739 =item F<perl__.exe>
10741 =item F<perl___.exe>
10743 =item Why strange names?
10745 =item Why dynamic linking?
10747 =item Why chimera build?
10755 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
10757 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
10759 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
10761 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
10763 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
10765 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
10773 =item Text-mode filehandles
10777 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
10779 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
10781 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
10784 =item DLL forwarder generation
10788 =item Calls to external programs
10790 =item Memory allocation
10794 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
10810 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
10823 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
10825 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
10827 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
10829 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
10831 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
10833 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
10835 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
10837 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
10839 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
10841 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
10851 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
10859 =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
10867 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
10869 =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
10871 =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
10873 =item Known Problems
10883 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
10891 =item Invoking Perl
10893 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
10895 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
10897 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
10899 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
10903 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
10907 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
10913 =item Revision date
10919 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
10927 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
10929 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
10931 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
10933 =item QNX auxiliary files
10937 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
10945 =head2 perlriscos, README.riscos - Perl version 5 for RISC OS
10957 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
10965 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
10971 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
10977 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
10979 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
10981 =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
10985 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
10989 =item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
10991 =item Threads in perl on Solaris.
10993 =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
10997 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
10999 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
11000 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
11001 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
11007 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
11009 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
11013 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
11015 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
11019 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
11023 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
11025 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
11029 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
11031 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
11033 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
11043 =head2 perlsymbian, README.symbian - Perl version 5 on Symbian OS
11051 =item Compiling Perl on Symbian
11053 =item Compilation problems
11059 =item Using Perl in Symbian
11079 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
11080 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
11088 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
11090 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
11092 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
11094 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
11096 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
11098 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
11100 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
11104 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
11106 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
11108 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
11114 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
11122 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
11124 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
11130 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
11140 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
11142 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
11144 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
11146 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
11148 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
11158 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
11164 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
11172 =item Organization of Perl Images
11178 =item Perl Extensions
11180 =item Installing static extensions
11182 =item Installing dynamic extensions
11186 =item File specifications
11192 =item Wildcard expansion
11198 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
11200 =item PERL_VMS_EXCEPTION_DEBUG
11206 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
11208 =item Command line switches
11214 =item Perl functions
11216 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, die,
11217 dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//,
11218 select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST,
11219 utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
11221 =item Perl variables
11223 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
11225 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
11233 =item Revision date
11239 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
11245 =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
11247 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
11249 =item USING PERL IN VOS
11253 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
11255 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
11261 =item SUPPORT STATUS
11269 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
11279 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
11281 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Visual
11282 C++ 2005 Express Edition, Microsoft Visual C++ Toolkit 2003, Microsoft
11283 Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW release 3 with gcc, MinGW release 1
11288 =item Testing Perl on Win32
11290 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
11292 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
11294 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
11295 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
11296 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
11298 =item Running Perl Scripts
11300 =item Miscellaneous Things
11304 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
11306 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
11310 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
11311 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
11312 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>, Jan Dubois E<lt>jand@activestate.comE<gt>,
11313 Steve Hay E<lt>steve.hay@uk.radan.comE<gt>
11321 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
11323 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
11335 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
11353 Compile related options, COMPILE, PARSE, OPTIMISE, TRIEC, DUMP, Execute
11354 related options, EXECUTE, MATCH, TRIEE, INTUIT, Extra debugging options,
11355 EXTRA, BUFFERS, TRIEM, STATE, STACK, OPTIMISEM, OFFSETS, OFFSETSDBG, Other
11356 useful flags, ALL, All, MORE, More
11358 =item Exportable Functions
11360 is_regexp($ref), regexp_pattern($ref), regmust($ref), regname($name,$all),
11361 regnames($all), regnames_count()
11369 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
11370 data structures between threads
11384 share VARIABLE, is_shared VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
11385 cond_wait CONDVAR, LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT,
11386 cond_timedwait CONDVAR, ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE,
11387 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
11393 =item BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11401 =head2 threads - Perl interpreter-based threads
11411 $thr = threads->create(FUNCTION, ARGS), $thr->join(), $thr->detach(),
11412 threads->detach(), threads->self(), $thr->tid(), threads->tid(), "$thr",
11413 threads->object($tid), threads->yield(), threads->list(),
11414 threads->list(threads::all), threads->list(threads::running),
11415 threads->list(threads::joinable), $thr1->equal($thr2), async BLOCK;,
11416 $thr->error(), $thr->_handle(), threads->_handle()
11418 =item EXITING A THREAD
11420 threads->exit(), threads->exit(status), die(), exit(status), use threads
11421 'exit' => 'threads_only', threads->create({'exit' => 'thread_only'}, ...),
11422 $thr->set_thread_exit_only(boolean), threads->set_thread_exit_only(boolean)
11426 $thr->is_running(), $thr->is_joinable(), $thr->is_detached(),
11427 threads->is_detached()
11429 =item THREAD CONTEXT
11433 =item Explicit context
11435 =item Implicit context
11437 =item $thr->wantarray()
11439 =item threads->wantarray()
11443 =item THREAD STACK SIZE
11445 threads->get_stack_size();, $size = $thr->get_stack_size();, $old_size =
11446 threads->set_stack_size($new_size);, use threads ('stack_size' => VALUE);,
11447 $ENV{'PERL5_ITHREADS_STACK_SIZE'}, threads->create({'stack_size' => VALUE},
11448 FUNCTION, ARGS), $thr2 = $thr1->create(FUNCTION, ARGS)
11450 =item THREAD SIGNALLING
11452 $thr->kill('SIG...');
11456 Perl exited with active threads:, Thread creation failed: pthread_create
11457 returned #, Thread # terminated abnormally: .., Using minimum thread stack
11458 size of #, Thread creation failed: pthread_attr_setstacksize(I<SIZE>)
11463 This Perl not built to support threads, Cannot change stack size of an
11464 existing thread, Cannot signal threads without safe signals, Unrecognized
11467 =item BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11469 Threadsafe modules, Using non-threadsafe modules, Parent-child threads,
11470 Creating threads inside special blocks, Unsafe signals, Perl has been built
11471 with C<PERL_OLD_SIGNALS> (see C<perl -V>), The environment variable
11472 C<PERL_SIGNALS> is set to C<unsafe> (see L<perlrun/"PERL_SIGNALS">), The
11473 module L<Perl::Unsafe::Signals> is used, Returning closures from threads,
11474 Returning objects from threads, Perl Bugs and the CPAN Version of
11483 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
11487 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
11497 =item Built-in Attributes
11499 locked, method, lvalue
11501 =item Available Subroutines
11505 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
11507 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
11509 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
11517 =item Default exports
11519 =item Available exports
11521 =item Export tags defined
11531 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
11547 =head2 base - Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile
11558 Base class package "%s" is empty, Class 'Foo' tried to inherit from itself
11568 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
11578 =item use integer vs. use bigint
11582 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, hex, oct, l, lib, try or only, v
11587 =item Internal Format
11593 inf(), NaN(), e, PI, bexp(), bpi(), upgrade(), in_effect()
11603 in_effect(), hex()/oct()
11617 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
11629 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, hex, oct, v or version
11635 inf(), NaN(), e, PI(), bexp(), bpi(), upgrade(), in_effect()
11639 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
11647 in_effect(), hex()/oct()
11661 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
11679 inf(), NaN(), e, PI, bexp(), bpi(), upgrade(), in_effect()
11687 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, hex, oct, v or version
11693 in_effect(), hex()/oct()
11697 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
11698 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
11699 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
11700 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
11701 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
11702 perl -Mbignum=l,GMP -le 'print 7 ** 7777'
11712 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
11726 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
11741 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
11750 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
11752 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
11756 =item Anonymous hashes
11760 =item Alias shortcut
11764 =item charnames::viacode(code)
11766 =item charnames::vianame(name)
11770 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
11776 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
11788 =item List constants
11790 =item Defining multiple constants at once
11792 =item Magic constants
11796 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
11806 =head2 diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics
11816 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
11818 =item The I<splain> Program
11832 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
11842 =item Literal Conversions
11844 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
11846 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
11856 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
11858 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
11862 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
11863 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
11865 =item The Filter Option
11869 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
11879 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
11881 =item tr/// with ranges
11883 Legend of characters above
11887 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
11889 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
11891 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
11895 =item The Logic of :locale
11905 =head2 encoding::warnings - Warn on implicit encoding conversions
11917 =item Overview of the problem
11919 =item Detecting the problem
11921 =item Solving the problem
11923 Upgrade both sides to unicode-strings, Downgrade both sides to
11924 byte-strings, Specify the encoding for implicit byte-string upgrading,
11925 PerlIO layers for B<STDIN> and B<STDOUT>, Literal conversions, Implicit
11926 upgrading for byte-strings
11944 =head2 feature - Perl pragma to enable new syntactic features
11954 =item Lexical effect
11956 =item C<no feature>
11958 =item The 'switch' feature
11960 =item The 'say' feature
11962 =item the 'err' feature
11964 =item the 'state' feature
11968 =item FEATURE BUNDLES
11970 =item IMPLICIT LOADING
11974 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
11988 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
11998 =item subpragma access
12004 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
12018 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
12029 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something
12037 =item FOR MODULE AUTHORS
12041 =item C<< BOOLEAN = less->of( FEATURE ) >>
12043 =item C<< FEATURES = less->of() >>
12049 This probably does nothing, This works only on 5.10+
12053 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
12063 =item Adding directories to @INC
12065 =item Deleting directories from @INC
12067 =item Restoring original @INC
12081 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
12092 =head2 mro - Method Resolution Order
12108 =item How does C3 work
12116 =item mro::get_linear_isa($classname[, $type])
12118 =item mro::set_mro($classname, $type)
12120 =item mro::get_mro($classname)
12122 =item mro::get_isarev($classname)
12124 =item mro::is_universal($classname)
12126 =item mro::invalidate_all_method_caches()
12128 =item mro::method_changed_in($classname)
12130 =item mro::get_pkg_gen($classname)
12136 =item maybe::next::method
12140 =item PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS
12146 =item The original Dylan paper
12148 L<http://www.webcom.com/haahr/dylan/linearization-oopsla96.html>
12150 =item The prototype Perl 6 Object Model uses C3
12152 L<http://svn.openfoundry.org/pugs/perl5/Perl6-MetaModel/>
12154 =item Parrot now uses C3
12156 L<http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Mail/Message/perl6-internals/2746631>,
12157 L<http://use.perl.org/~autrijus/journal/25768>
12159 =item Python 2.3 MRO related links
12161 L<http://www.python.org/2.3/mro.html>,
12162 L<http://www.python.org/2.2.2/descrintro.html#mro>
12164 =item C3 for TinyCLOS
12166 L<http://www.call-with-current-continuation.org/eggs/c3.html>
12178 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
12186 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
12188 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
12194 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
12206 =head2 overload - Package for overloading Perl operations
12216 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
12218 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
12220 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
12222 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
12224 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
12226 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
12228 =item Overloadable Operations
12230 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
12231 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
12232 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
12234 =item Inheritance and overloading
12236 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
12237 is inherited by derived classes
12241 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
12249 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
12253 =item Copy Constructor
12259 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
12261 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
12262 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
12263 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
12266 =item Minimal set of overloaded operations
12268 =item Losing overloading
12270 =item Run-time Overloading
12272 =item Public functions
12274 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
12276 =item Overloading constants
12278 integer, float, binary, q, qr
12280 =item IMPLEMENTATION
12282 =item Metaphor clash
12288 =item Two-face scalars
12290 =item Two-face references
12292 =item Symbolic calculator
12294 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
12302 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
12303 type, `%s' is not a code reference
12309 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
12321 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
12323 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
12327 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
12331 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
12339 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
12351 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
12359 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
12365 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
12375 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
12376 structures between threads
12390 share VARIABLE, is_shared VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
12391 cond_wait CONDVAR, LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT,
12392 cond_timedwait CONDVAR, ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE,
12393 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
12399 =item BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12407 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
12418 =item Utility functions
12420 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
12421 FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), $success = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
12422 utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
12432 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
12442 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
12452 =item BEST PRACTICES
12454 Be consistent, Be careful
12456 =item Using modules that use version.pm
12458 Numeric versions always work, Extended version work sometimes
12460 =item What IS a version
12462 Numeric Versions, Extended Versions
12464 =item Numeric Versions
12466 =item Extended Versions
12468 =item Numeric Alpha Versions
12470 =item Object Methods
12472 New Operator, qv(), Normal Form, Numification, Stringification, Comparison
12473 operators, Logical Operators
12477 =item What about v-strings?
12479 =item Types of Versions Objects
12481 Ordinary versions, Alpha Versions
12483 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
12497 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
12505 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
12509 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
12517 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
12518 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
12519 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
12520 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
12521 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
12525 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
12535 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
12537 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
12547 =item DBM Comparisons
12557 =head2 Archive::Extract - A generic archive extracting mechanism
12573 =item $ae = Archive::Extract->new(archive => '/path/to/archive',[type =>
12576 tar, tgz, gz, Z, zip, bz2, tbz
12584 =item $ae->extract( [to => '/output/path'] )
12586 $ae->extract_path, $ae->files
12596 =item $ae->error([BOOL])
12598 =item $ae->extract_path
12630 =item $ae->bin_gzip
12632 =item $ae->bin_unzip
12644 =item File Extensions
12648 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
12652 =item $Archive::Extract::DEBUG
12654 =item $Archive::Extract::WARN
12656 =item $Archive::Extract::PREFER_BIN
12672 =head2 Archive::Tar - module for manipulations of tar archives
12680 =item Object Methods
12684 =item Archive::Tar->new( [$file, $compressed] )
12692 =item $tar->read ( $filename|$handle, $compressed, {opt => 'val'} )
12700 =item $tar->contains_file( $filename )
12706 =item $tar->extract( [@filenames] )
12712 =item $tar->extract_file( $file, [$extract_path] )
12718 =item $tar->list_files( [\@properties] )
12724 =item $tar->get_files( [@filenames] )
12730 =item $tar->get_content( $file )
12736 =item $tar->replace_content( $file, $content )
12742 =item $tar->rename( $file, $new_name )
12748 =item $tar->remove (@filenamelist)
12760 =item $tar->write ( [$file, $compressed, $prefix] )
12766 =item $tar->add_files( @filenamelist )
12772 =item $tar->add_data ( $filename, $data, [$opthashref] )
12774 FILE, HARDLINK, SYMLINK, CHARDEV, BLOCKDEV, DIR, FIFO, SOCKET
12780 =item $tar->error( [$BOOL] )
12786 =item $tar->setcwd( $cwd );
12792 =item $bool = $tar->has_io_string
12798 =item $bool = $tar->has_perlio
12804 =item Class Methods
12808 =item Archive::Tar->create_archive($file, $compression, @filelist)
12816 =item Archive::Tar->list_archive ($file, $compressed, [\@properties])
12822 =item Archive::Tar->extract_archive ($file, $gzip)
12828 =item Archive::Tar->can_handle_compressed_files
12834 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
12838 =item $Archive::Tar::FOLLOW_SYMLINK
12840 =item $Archive::Tar::CHOWN
12842 =item $Archive::Tar::CHMOD
12844 =item $Archive::Tar::DO_NOT_USE_PREFIX
12846 =item $Archive::Tar::DEBUG
12848 =item $Archive::Tar::WARN
12850 =item $Archive::Tar::error
12852 =item $Archive::Tar::HAS_PERLIO
12854 =item $Archive::Tar::HAS_IO_STRING
12860 What's the minimum perl version required to run Archive::Tar?, Isn't
12861 Archive::Tar slow?, Isn't Archive::Tar heavier on memory than /bin/tar?,
12862 Can't you lazy-load data instead?, How much memory will an X kb tar file
12863 need?, What do you do with unsupported filetypes in an archive?, I'm using
12864 WinZip, or some other non-POSIX client, and files are not being extracted
12865 properly!, How do I extract only files that have property X from an
12866 archive?, How do I access .tar.Z files?
12870 Check if passed in handles are open for read/write, Allow archives to be
12871 passed in as string, Facilitate processing an opened filehandle of a
12876 The GNU tar specification, The PAX format specication, A comparison of GNU
12877 and POSIX tar standards;
12878 C<http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/tar/tar_114.html>, GNU tar intends to
12879 switch to POSIX compatibility, A Comparison between various tar
12884 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
12890 =head2 Archive::Tar::File - a subclass for in-memory extracted file from
12903 name, mode, uid, gid, size, mtime, chksum, type, linkname, magic, version,
12904 uname, gname, devmajor, devminor, prefix, raw
12912 =item new( file => $path )
12914 =item new( data => $path, $data, $opt )
12916 =item new( chunk => $chunk )
12948 =item get_content_by_ref
12954 =item replace_content( $content )
12960 =item rename( $new_name )
12966 =item Convenience methods
12968 is_file, is_dir, is_hardlink, is_symlink, is_chardev, is_blockdev, is_fifo,
12969 is_socket, is_longlink, is_label, is_unknown
12973 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
12983 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]
12987 =item Typed lexicals
12989 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
12991 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
12993 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
12995 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
13003 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
13004 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
13005 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
13006 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
13007 be able to apply END handler>
13017 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
13027 =item Subroutine Stubs
13029 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
13031 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
13033 =item Package Lexicals
13035 =item Not Using AutoLoader
13037 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
13047 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
13055 $keep, $check, $modtime
13059 =item Multiple packages
13067 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
13077 =item Utility Functions
13081 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
13084 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
13085 check_av, unitcheck_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
13087 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
13089 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
13091 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
13093 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
13095 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
13097 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
13098 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
13100 =item Exported utility variabiles
13102 @optype, @specialsv_name
13106 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
13110 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
13112 =item B::SV Methods
13114 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
13116 =item B::IV Methods
13118 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
13120 =item B::NV Methods
13124 =item B::RV Methods
13128 =item B::PV Methods
13132 =item B::PVMG Methods
13136 =item B::MAGIC Methods
13138 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
13140 =item B::PVLV Methods
13142 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
13144 =item B::BM Methods
13146 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
13148 =item B::GV Methods
13150 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
13151 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
13153 =item B::IO Methods
13155 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
13156 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
13158 =item B::AV Methods
13160 FILL, MAX, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, OFF, AvFLAGS
13162 =item B::CV Methods
13164 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
13165 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
13167 =item B::HV Methods
13169 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, ARRAY, PMROOT
13171 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
13173 =item B::OP Methods
13175 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, opt, flags, private, spare
13177 =item B::UNOP METHOD
13181 =item B::BINOP METHOD
13185 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
13189 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
13193 =item B::PMOP Methods
13195 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, extflags, precomp,
13198 =item B::SVOP METHOD
13202 =item B::PADOP METHOD
13206 =item B::PVOP METHOD
13210 =item B::LOOP Methods
13212 redoop, nextop, lastop
13214 =item B::COP Methods
13216 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io, hints
13224 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
13238 =item Options for Opcode Ordering
13240 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>
13242 =item Options for Line-Style
13244 B<-concise>, B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
13246 =item Options for tree-specific formatting
13248 B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>
13250 =item Options controlling sequence numbering
13252 B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>
13254 =item Other options
13256 B<-main>, B<-nomain>, B<-nobanner>, B<-banner>, B<-banneris> => subref
13258 =item Option Stickiness
13262 =item ABBREVIATIONS
13266 =item OP class abbreviations
13268 =item OP flags abbreviations
13272 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
13276 =item Special Patterns
13278 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
13279 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
13284 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<#>I<Var>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
13285 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
13286 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hints>, B<#hintsval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>,
13287 B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>, B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>,
13288 B<#private>, B<#privval>, B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#opt>, B<#sibaddr>,
13289 B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>, B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>,
13294 =item One-Liner Command tips
13296 perl -MO=Concise,bar foo.pl, perl -MDigest::MD5=md5 -MO=Concise,md5 -e1,
13297 perl -MPOSIX -MO=Concise,_POSIX_ARG_MAX -e1, perl -MPOSIX -MO=Concise,a -e
13298 'print _POSIX_SAVED_IDS', perl -MPOSIX -MO=Concise,a -e 'sub
13299 a{_POSIX_SAVED_IDS}'
13301 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
13305 =item Example: Altering Concise Renderings
13309 =item set_style_standard($name)
13313 =item add_callback()
13315 =item Running B::Concise::compile()
13317 =item B::Concise::reset_sequence()
13327 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
13339 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
13349 B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
13350 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
13352 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
13362 =item ambient_pragmas
13364 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
13376 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
13384 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
13386 B<magic-diamond>, B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>,
13387 B<bare-subs>, B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
13388 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
13390 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
13394 =item EXTENDING LINT
13398 while(<FH>) stomps $_, strict oo, unchecked system calls, more tests,
13399 validate against older perls
13407 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
13417 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13425 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
13449 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
13461 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
13471 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
13479 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
13493 =item Standard Exports
13495 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
13496 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
13497 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
13499 =item Optional Exports
13501 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
13502 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
13503 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
13505 =item :hireswallclock
13521 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
13525 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
13537 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
13539 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
13541 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
13543 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
13545 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
13547 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
13549 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
13551 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
13553 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
13555 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
13557 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
13559 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
13561 =item HANDLING NON-URLENCODED ARGUMENTS
13563 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
13565 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
13567 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
13569 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
13571 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
13573 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
13574 B<:standard>, B<:all>
13578 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -tabindex, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
13579 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
13582 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
13584 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
13585 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
13590 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
13594 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
13596 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
13598 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
13600 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
13602 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
13604 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
13606 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
13608 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
13609 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>, B<-rewrite>
13611 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
13615 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
13619 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
13621 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
13623 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
13625 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
13627 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
13629 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
13630 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
13632 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
13636 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
13640 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
13642 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
13644 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
13646 =item FORM ELEMENTS
13648 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-values>, B<-tabindex>, B<-id>, B<-override>,
13649 B<-onChange>, B<-onFocus>, B<-onBlur>, B<-onMouseOver>, B<-onMouseOut>,
13652 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
13656 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
13658 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
13660 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
13664 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
13666 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
13668 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
13672 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
13676 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
13680 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
13684 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
13688 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
13690 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
13692 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
13696 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
13698 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
13699 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
13701 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
13707 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
13708 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
13710 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
13712 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
13713 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
13716 =item SUPPORT FOR JAVASCRIPT
13718 B<onLoad>, B<onUnload>, B<onSubmit>, B<onClick>, B<onChange>, B<onFocus>,
13719 B<onBlur>, B<onSelect>, B<onMouseOver>, B<onMouseOut>
13721 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
13727 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
13731 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
13733 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
13734 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
13735 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
13736 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
13737 B<virtual_port ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name
13738 ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
13740 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
13742 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
13747 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
13749 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
13751 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
13752 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
13754 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
13756 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13760 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
13761 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
13762 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
13763 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
13764 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
13765 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
13766 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
13767 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
13768 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
13769 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
13770 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
13771 ...and many many more..
13773 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
13781 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
13791 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13799 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
13808 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
13810 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
13814 =item Changing the default message
13818 =item DOING MORE THAN PRINTING A MESSAGE IN THE EVENT OF PERL ERRORS
13820 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
13822 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
13830 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
13838 =item USING CGI::Cookie
13840 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>, B<4.
13845 =item Creating New Cookies
13847 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
13849 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
13851 =item Manipulating Cookies
13853 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
13857 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13865 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
13873 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
13875 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
13877 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
13879 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
13881 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
13883 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
13887 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13895 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
13905 =item Tags that won't be formatted
13907 =item Customizing the Indenting
13919 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
13927 =item USING CGI::Push
13929 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
13933 =item Heterogeneous Pages
13935 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
13939 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
13941 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13949 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
13959 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13967 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
13975 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
13981 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
13991 =item CPAN::shell([$prompt, $command]) Starting Interactive Mode
13993 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, C<get>,
13994 C<make>, C<test>, C<install>, C<clean> modules or distributions, C<readme>,
13995 C<perldoc>, C<look> module or distribution, C<ls> author, C<ls>
13996 globbing_expression, C<failed>, Persistence between sessions, The C<force>
13997 and the C<fforce> pragma, Lockfile, Signals
14009 =item report Bundle|Distribution|Module
14011 =item upgrade [Module|/Regex/]...
14013 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
14015 =item Integrating local directories
14019 =item CONFIGURATION
14021 completion support, displaying some help: o conf help, displaying current
14022 values: o conf [KEY], changing of scalar values: o conf KEY VALUE, changing
14023 of list values: o conf KEY SHIFT|UNSHIFT|PUSH|POP|SPLICE|LIST, reverting to
14024 saved: o conf defaults, saving the config: o conf commit
14028 =item Config Variables
14030 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
14031 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
14032 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
14033 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>, interactive editing: o conf init
14036 =item CPAN::anycwd($path): Note on config variable getcwd
14038 cwd, getcwd, fastcwd, backtickcwd
14040 =item Note on the format of the urllist parameter
14042 =item The urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
14044 =item Maintaining the urllist parameter
14046 =item The C<requires> and C<build_requires> dependency declarations
14048 =item Configuration for individual distributions (I<Distroprefs>)
14052 =item Fallback Data::Dumper and Storable
14056 =item Language Specs
14058 comment [scalar], cpanconfig [hash], disabled [boolean], goto [string],
14059 install [hash], make [hash], match [hash], patches [array], pl [hash], test
14062 =item Processing Instructions
14064 args [array], commandline, eexpect [hash], env [hash], expect [array]
14066 =item Schema verification with C<Kwalify>
14068 =item Example Distroprefs Files
14072 =item PROGRAMMER'S INTERFACE
14074 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
14078 =item Methods in the other Classes
14080 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
14081 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
14082 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
14083 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
14084 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
14085 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
14086 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
14087 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
14088 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
14089 CPAN::Distribution::author, CPAN::Distribution::clean(),
14090 CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(),
14091 CPAN::Distribution::dir(), CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args),
14092 CPAN::Distribution::get(), CPAN::Distribution::install(),
14093 CPAN::Distribution::install_tested(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
14094 CPAN::Distribution::is_tested(), CPAN::Distribution::look(),
14095 CPAN::Distribution::make(), CPAN::Distribution::perldoc(),
14096 CPAN::Distribution::prefs(), CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(),
14097 CPAN::Distribution::readme(), CPAN::Distribution::reports(),
14098 CPAN::Distribution::read_yaml(), CPAN::Distribution::test(),
14099 CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::force_reload(),
14100 CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(),
14101 CPAN::Module::as_string(), CPAN::Module::clean(),
14102 CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), CPAN::Module::cpan_version(),
14103 CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), CPAN::Module::description(),
14104 CPAN::Module::distribution(), CPAN::Module::dslip_status(),
14105 CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), CPAN::Module::get(),
14106 CPAN::Module::inst_file(), CPAN::Module::available_file(),
14107 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::available_version(),
14108 CPAN::Module::install(), CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
14109 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::perldoc(),
14110 CPAN::Module::readme(), CPAN::Module::reports(), CPAN::Module::test(),
14111 CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
14113 =item Cache Manager
14119 =item PREREQUISITES
14125 =item Finding packages and VERSION
14129 o debug package.., o debug -package.., o debug all, o debug number
14131 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
14133 =item Basic Utilities for Programmers
14135 has_inst($module), has_usable($module), instance($module)
14143 =item Cryptographically signed modules
14151 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
14153 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
14157 =item Three basic types of firewalls
14159 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
14161 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
14167 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10), 11), 12), 13), 14), 15)
14169 =item COMPATIBILITY
14173 =item OLD PERL VERSIONS
14179 =item SECURITY ADVICE
14193 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
14205 =head2 CPAN::Kwalify - Interface between CPAN.pm and Kwalify.pm
14213 _validate($schema_name, $data, $file, $doc), yaml($schema_name)
14221 =head2 CPAN::Version - utility functions to compare CPAN versions
14233 =head2 CPANPLUS - API & CLI access to the CPAN mirrors
14239 =item GUIDE TO DOCUMENTATION
14243 =item GENERAL USAGE
14245 =item API REFERENCE
14253 =item COMMANDLINE TOOLS
14257 =item STARTING AN INTERACTIVE SHELL
14259 =item BUILDING PACKAGES
14261 =item $bool = install( Module::Name | /A/AU/AUTHOR/Module-Name-1.tgz )
14263 =item $where = fetch( Module::Name | /A/AU/AUTHOR/Module-Name-1.tgz )
14265 =item $where = get( Module::Name | /A/AU/AUTHOR/Module-Name-1.tgz )
14281 =item CONTACT INFORMATION
14283 Bug reporting: I<bug-cpanplus@rt.cpan.org>, Questions & suggestions:
14284 I<cpanplus-devel@lists.sourceforge.net>
14288 =head2 CPANPLUS::Backend
14302 =item $cb = CPANPLUS::Backend->new( [CONFIGURE_OBJ] )
14304 Provide a valid C<CPANPLUS::Configure> object, No arguments
14312 =item $href = $cb->module_tree( [@modules_names_list] )
14318 =item $href = $cb->author_tree( [@author_names_list] )
14324 =item $conf = $cb->configure_object ()
14330 =item $su = $cb->selfupdate_object;
14336 =item @mods = $cb->search( type => TYPE, allow => AREF, [data => AREF,
14343 =item $backend_rv = $cb->fetch( modules => \@mods )
14345 =item $backend_rv = $cb->extract( modules => \@mods )
14347 =item $backend_rv = $cb->install( modules => \@mods )
14349 =item $backend_rv = $cb->readme( modules => \@mods )
14351 =item $backend_rv = $cb->files( modules => \@mods )
14353 =item $backend_rv = $cb->distributions( modules => \@mods )
14359 =item $mod_obj = $cb->parse_module( module => $modname|$distname|$modobj )
14361 Text::Bastardize, Text-Bastardize, Text-Bastardize-1.06,
14362 AYRNIEU/Text-Bastardize, AYRNIEU/Text-Bastardize-1.06,
14363 AYRNIEU/Text-Bastardize-1.06.tar.gz,
14364 http://example.com/Text-Bastardize-1.06.tar.gz,
14365 file:///tmp/Text-Bastardize-1.06.tar.gz
14371 =item $bool = $cb->reload_indices( [update_source => BOOL, verbose => BOOL]
14378 =item $bool = $cb->flush(CACHE_NAME)
14380 C<methods>, C<hosts>, C<modules>, C<lib>, C<load>, C<all>
14386 =item @mods = $cb->installed()
14392 =item $bool = $cb->local_mirror([path => '/dir/to/save/to', index_files =>
14393 BOOL, force => BOOL, verbose => BOOL] )
14395 path, index_files, force, verbose
14401 =item $file = $cb->autobundle([path => OUTPUT_PATH, force => BOOL, verbose
14418 =head2 CPANPLUS::Backend::RV
14430 =item new( ok => BOOL, args => DATA, rv => DATA, [function => $method_name]
14433 ok, args, rv, function
14449 =head2 CPANPLUS::Config
14455 =item CONFIGURATION
14461 =item Section 'conf'
14547 =head2 CPANPLUS::Configure
14559 =item $Configure = CPANPLUS::Configure->new( load_configs => BOOL )
14567 =item $bool = $Configure->init( [rescan => BOOL])
14573 =item can_save( [$config_location] )
14579 =item $file = $conf->save( [$package_name] )
14585 =item options( type => TYPE )
14595 =item get_SOMETHING( ITEM, [ITEM, ITEM, ... ] );
14597 =item set_SOMETHING( ITEM => VAL, [ITEM => VAL, ITEM => VAL, ... ] );
14599 =item add_SOMETHING( ITEM => VAL, [ITEM => VAL, ITEM => VAL, ... ] );
14601 set|get_conf, set|get_program, _set|_get_build, _set|_get_source,
14602 _set|_get_mirror, _set|_get_dist, _set|_get_fetch, _set|_get_daemon
14620 =head2 CPANPLUS::Dist
14632 =item STATUS ACCESSORS
14634 created(), installed(), uninstalled(), dist()
14640 =item $dist = CPANPLUS::Dist->new( module => MODOBJ, [format => DIST_TYPE]
14647 =item @dists = CPANPLUS::Dist->dist_types;
14653 =item prereq_satisfied( modobj => $modobj, version => $version_spec )
14659 =item _resolve_prereqs
14663 =head2 CPANPLUS::Dist::Base - Base class for custom distribution classes
14679 =item $bool = $Class->format_available
14685 =item $bool = $dist->init
14691 =item $bool = $dist->prepare
14697 =item $bool = $dist->create
14703 =item $bool = $dist->install
14709 =item $bool = $dist->uninstall
14713 =head2 CPANPLUS::Dist::Build
14725 =item STATUS ACCESSORS
14727 build_pl (), build (), test (), prepared (), distdir (), created (),
14728 installed (), uninstalled (), _create_args (), _install_args (), _mb_object
14739 =item $bool = CPANPLUS::Dist::Build->format_available();
14747 =item $bool = $dist->init();
14753 =item $bool = $dist->prepare([perl => '/path/to/perl', buildflags =>
14754 'EXTRA=FLAGS', force => BOOL, verbose => BOOL])
14760 =item $dist->create([perl => '/path/to/perl', buildflags => 'EXTRA=FLAGS',
14761 prereq_target => TARGET, force => BOOL, verbose => BOOL, skiptest => BOOL])
14767 =item $dist->install([verbose => BOOL, perl => /path/to/perl])
14775 Module::Build can not be upgraded using its own API (#13169), Module::Build
14776 does not provide access to install history (#9793)
14784 =head2 CPANPLUS::Dist::MM
14794 =item STATUS ACCESSORS
14796 makefile (), make (), test (), prepared (), distdir (), created (),
14797 installed (), uninstalled (), _create_args (), _install_args ()
14807 =item $bool = $dist->format_available();
14815 =item $href = $dist->_find_prereqs( file => '/path/to/Makefile', [verbose
14822 =item $bool = $dist->create([perl => '/path/to/perl', make =>
14823 '/path/to/make', makeflags => 'EXTRA=FLAGS', prereq_target => TARGET,
14824 skiptest => BOOL, force => BOOL, verbose => BOOL])
14830 =item $bool = $dist->install([make => '/path/to/make', makemakerflags =>
14831 'EXTRA=FLAGS', force => BOOL, verbose => BOOL])
14837 =item $bool = $dist->write_makefile_pl([force => BOOL, verbose => BOOL])
14841 =head2 CPANPLUS::Dist::Sample -- Sample code to create your own Dist::*
14850 =head2 CPANPLUS::Error
14862 =item cp_msg("message string" [,VERBOSE])
14866 =item cp_error("error string" [,VERBOSE])
14872 =item CLASS METHODS
14876 =item CPANPLUS::Error->stack()
14878 =item CPANPLUS::Error->stack_as_string([TRACE])
14880 =item CPANPLUS::Error->flush()
14888 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
14894 =head2 CPANPLUS::FAQ
14908 =head2 CPANPLUS::Hacking
14914 =item OBTAINING CPANPLUS
14916 =item INSTALLING CPANPLUS
14918 =item CONFIGURING CPANPLUS
14920 =item RUNNING CPANPLUS FROM DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
14922 =item RUNNING CPANPLUS TESTS
14926 Problem description, Program demonstrating the bug, [OPTIONAL] A patch to
14927 the test suite to test for the bug, [OPTIONAL] A patch to the code + tests
14930 =item SUPPLYING PATCHES
14932 In C<diff -u> or C<diff -c> format, From the root of the snapshot,
14933 Including patches for code + tests + docs, Sent per mail to
14934 cpanplus-devel@lists.sourceforge.net, With subject containing C<[PATCH]> +
14935 description of the patch
14939 =head2 CPANPLUS::Internals
14949 _conf, _id, _lib, _perl5lib
14959 =item $internals = CPANPLUS::Internals->_init( _conf => CONFIG_OBJ )
14967 =item $bool = $internals->_flush( list => \@caches )
14973 =item $bool = $internals->_register_callback( name => CALLBACK_NAME, code
14976 install_prerequisite, send_test_report, munge_test_report,
14977 edit_test_report, proceed_on_test_failure
14983 =item $bool = $internals->_add_to_includepath( directories => \@dirs )
14989 =item $id = CPANPLUS::Internals->_last_id
14991 =item $id = CPANPLUS::Internals->_store_id( $internals )
14993 =item $obj = CPANPLUS::Internals->_retrieve_id( $ID )
14995 =item CPANPLUS::Internals->_remove_id( $ID )
14997 =item @objs = CPANPLUS::Internals->_return_all_objects
15001 =head2 CPANPLUS::Internals::Extract
15011 =item $dir = _extract( module => $modobj, [perl => '/path/to/perl',
15012 extractdir => '/path/to/extract/to', prefer_bin => BOOL, verbose => BOOL,
15015 module, extractdir, prefer_bin, perl, verbose, force
15021 =head2 CPANPLUS::Internals::Fetch
15035 =item $path = _fetch( module => $modobj, [fetchdir => '/path/to/save/to',
15036 fetch_from => 'scheme://path/to/fetch/from', verbose => BOOL, force =>
15037 BOOL, prefer_bin => BOOL] )
15043 =item _add_fail_host( host => $host_hashref )
15045 =item _host_ok( host => $host_hashref )
15049 =head2 CPANPLUS::Internals::Report
15061 =item $bool = $cb->_have_query_report_modules
15063 =item $bool = $cb->_have_send_report_modules
15071 =item @list = $cb->_query_report( module => $modobj, [all_versions => BOOL,
15078 =item $bool = $cb->_send_report( module => $modobj, buffer => $make_output,
15079 failed => BOOL, [save => BOOL, address => $email_to, dontcc => BOOL,
15080 verbose => BOOL, force => BOOL]);
15082 module, buffer, failed, save, address, dontcc, verbose, force
15086 =head2 CPANPLUS::Internals::Search
15098 =item _search_module_tree( type => TYPE, allow => \@regexex, [data =>
15099 \@previous_results ] )
15109 =item _search_author_tree( type => TYPE, allow => \@regexex, [data =>
15110 \@previous_results ] )
15118 =item _all_installed()
15122 =head2 CPANPLUS::Internals::Source
15136 =item $cb->_check_trees( [update_source => BOOL, path => PATH, verbose =>
15139 update_source, path, verbose
15145 =item $cb->__check_uptodate( file => $file, name => $name, [update_source
15146 => BOOL, verbose => BOOL] )
15148 file, name, update_source, verbose
15154 =item $cb->_update_source( name => $name, [path => $path, verbose => BOOL]
15157 name, path, verbose
15163 =item $cb->_build_trees( uptodate => BOOL, [use_stored => BOOL, path =>
15164 $path, verbose => BOOL] )
15166 uptodate, path, verbose, use_stored
15172 =item $cb->__retrieve_source(name => $name, [path => $path, uptodate =>
15173 BOOL, verbose => BOOL])
15175 name, uptodate, path, verbose
15181 =item $cb->_save_source([verbose => BOOL, path => $path])
15189 =item $cb->__create_author_tree([path => $path, uptodate => BOOL, verbose
15192 uptodate, path, verbose
15198 =item $cb->_create_mod_tree([path => $path, uptodate => BOOL, verbose =>
15201 uptodate, path, verbose
15207 =item $cb->__create_dslip_tree([path => $path, uptodate => BOOL, verbose =>
15210 uptodate, path, verbose
15216 =item $cb->_dslip_defs ()
15220 =head2 CPANPLUS::Internals::Utils
15232 =item $cb->_mkdir( dir => '/some/dir' )
15240 =item $cb->_chdir( dir => '/some/dir' )
15246 =item $cb->_rmdir( dir => '/some/dir' );
15252 =item $cb->_perl_version ( perl => 'some/perl/binary' );
15258 =item $cb->_version_to_number( version => $version );
15270 =item _get_file_contents( file => $file );
15276 =item $cb->_mode_plus_w( file => '/path/to/file' );
15282 =item $uri = $cb->_host_to_uri( scheme => SCHEME, host => HOST, path =>
15289 =item $cb->_vcmp( VERSION, VERSION );
15295 =item $cb->_home_dir
15301 =item $path = $cb->_safe_path( path => $path );
15307 =item ($pkg, $version, $ext) = $cb->_split_package_string( package =>
15312 =head2 CPANPLUS::Module
15324 =item CLASS METHODS
15338 name, module, version, path, comment, package, description, dslip, status,
15345 =item STATUS ACCESSORS
15347 installer_type, dist_cpan, dist, prereqs, signature, extract, fetch,
15348 readme, uninstall, created, installed, checksums, checksum_ok,
15355 =item $self = CPANPLUS::Module::new( OPTIONS )
15363 =item $mod->package_name
15365 =item $mod->package_version
15367 =item $mod->package_extension
15369 =item $mod->package_is_perl_core
15371 =item $mod->module_is_supplied_with_perl_core( [version => $]] )
15373 =item $mod->is_bundle
15375 =item $mod->is_third_party
15377 =item $mod->third_party_information
15383 =item $clone = $self->clone
15389 =item $where = $self->fetch
15395 =item $path = $self->extract
15401 =item $type = $self->get_installer_type([prefer_makefile => BOOL])
15407 =item $dist = $self->dist([target => 'prepare|create', format =>
15408 DISTRIBUTION_TYPE, args => {key => val}]);
15414 =item $bool = $mod->prepare( )
15416 Convenience method around C<install()> that prepares a module
15417 without actually building it. This is equivalent to invoking C<install>
15418 with C<target> set to C<prepare>
15424 =item $bool = $mod->create( )
15430 =item $bool = $mod->test( )
15436 =item $bool = $self->install([ target => 'prepare|create|install', format
15437 => FORMAT_TYPE, extractdir => DIRECTORY, fetchdir => DIRECTORY, prefer_bin
15438 => BOOL, force => BOOL, verbose => BOOL, ..... ]);
15444 =item $text = $self->readme
15450 =item $version = $self->installed_version()
15452 =item $where = $self->installed_file()
15454 =item $bool = $self->is_uptodate([version => VERSION_NUMBER])
15460 =item $href = $self->details()
15466 =item @list = $self->contains()
15472 =item @list_of_hrefs = $self->fetch_report()
15478 =item $bool = $self->uninstall([type => [all|man|prog])
15484 =item @modobj = $self->distributions()
15490 =item @list = $self->files ()
15496 =item @list = $self->directory_tree ()
15502 =item @list = $self->packlist ()
15508 =item @list = $self->validate ()
15514 =item $bool = $self->add_to_includepath;
15516 =item $path = $self->best_path_to_module_build();
15530 =head2 CPANPLUS::Module::Author
15540 author, cpanid, email, parent
15550 =item $auth = CPANPLUS::Module::Author->new( author => AUTHOR_NAME, cpanid
15551 => CPAN_ID, _id => INTERNALS_ID [, email => AUTHOR_EMAIL] )
15559 =item @mod_objs = $auth->modules()
15565 =item @dists = $auth->distributions()
15571 =item CLASS METHODS
15581 =head2 CPANPLUS::Module::Author::Fake
15593 =item new( _id => DIGIT )
15599 =head2 CPANPLUS::Module::Checksums
15611 =item $mod->checksums
15617 =head2 CPANPLUS::Module::Fake
15629 =item new( module => $mod, path => $path, package => $pkg, [_id => DIGIT] )
15635 =head2 CPANPLUS::inc
15643 =head2 CPANPLUS::inc - runtime inclusion of privately bundled modules
15651 Put a coderef at the beginning of C<@INC>, Add the full path to the
15652 C<CPANPLUS/inc> directory to C<$ENV{PERL5LIB>
15658 =item CPANPLUS::inc->inc_path()
15660 =item CPANPLUS::inc->my_path()
15662 =item CPANPLUS::inc->installer_path()
15670 =item CPANPLUS::inc->original_perl5lib
15672 =item CPANPLUS::inc->original_perl5opt
15674 =item CPANPLUS::inc->original_inc
15676 =item CPANPLUS::inc->limited_perl5opt(@modules);
15682 =item CPANPLUS::inc->interesting_modules()
15688 =item INTERESTING MODULES
15690 Loop over your @INC, Check the version on every suitable module found in
15701 On multiple C<use lib> calls, our coderef may not be the first in @INC,
15702 Non-directories in @INC
15706 =head2 CPANPLUSelfupdate, CPANPLUS::Selfupdate
15720 =item $self = CPANPLUS::Selfupdate->new( $backend_object );
15728 =item %list = $self->list_modules_to_update( update =>
15729 "core|dependencies|enabled_features|features|all", [latest => BOOL] )
15731 List which modules C<selfupdate> would upgrade. You can update either
15732 the core (CPANPLUS itself), the core dependencies, all features you have
15733 currently turned on, or all features available, or everything.
15739 =item @features = $self->list_features
15745 =item @features = $self->list_enabled_features
15751 =item @mods = $self->modules_for_feature( FEATURE [,AS_HASH] )
15757 =item @mods = $self->list_core_dependencies( [AS_HASH] )
15763 =item @mods = $self->list_core_modules( [AS_HASH] )
15769 =item CPANPLUS::Selfupdate::Module
15775 =item $version = $mod->version_required
15781 =item $bool = $mod->is_installed_version_sufficient
15795 =head2 CPANPLUShell, CPANPLUS::Shell
15817 =head2 CPANPLUShell::Classic, CPANPLUS::Shell::Classic - CPAN.pm emulation
15840 =head2 CPANPLUShell::Default, CPANPLUS::Shell::Default
15862 =head2 CPANPLUShell::Default::Plugins::HOWTO,
15863 CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::HOWTO -- documentation on how to write
15874 =item Registering Plugin Modules
15876 =item Registering Plugin Commands
15878 =item Registering Plugin Help
15880 =item Arguments to Plugin Commands
15882 Classname -- The name of your plugin class, Shell -- The
15883 CPANPLUS::Shell::Default object, Backend -- The CPANPLUS::Backend object,
15884 Command -- The command issued by the user, Input -- The input string
15885 from the user, Options -- A hashref of options provided by the user
15899 =head2 CPANPLUShell::Default::Plugins::Remote,
15900 CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::Remote
15922 =head2 CPANPLUShell::Default::Plugins::Source,
15923 CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::Source
15945 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
15960 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
15970 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
15974 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
15978 =item $Carp::MaxEvalLen
15980 =item $Carp::MaxArgLen
15982 =item $Carp::MaxArgNums
15984 =item $Carp::Verbose
15986 =item %Carp::Internal
15988 =item %Carp::CarpInternal
15990 =item $Carp::CarpLevel
15998 =head2 Carp::Heavy - heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
16000 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
16010 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
16011 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
16012 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
16014 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
16022 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
16032 =item The C<struct()> function
16034 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
16036 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
16038 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
16039 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
16041 =item Initializing with C<new>
16047 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
16049 =item Author and Modification History
16053 =head2 Compress::Raw::Zlib - Low-Level Interface to zlib compression
16062 =item Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate
16066 =item B<($d, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate( [OPT] ) >
16068 B<-Level>, B<-Method>, B<-WindowBits>, B<-MemLevel>, B<-Strategy>,
16069 B<-Dictionary>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-AppendOutput>, B<-CRC32>, B<-ADLER32>
16071 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflate($input, $output)>
16073 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>flush($output [, $flush_type]) >
16075 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateParams([OPT])>
16077 B<-Level>, B<-Strategy>, B<-BufSize>
16079 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateTune($good_length, $max_lazy,
16080 $nice_length, $max_chain)>
16082 =item B<$d-E<gt>dict_adler()>
16084 =item B<$d-E<gt>crc32()>
16086 =item B<$d-E<gt>adler32()>
16088 =item B<$d-E<gt>msg()>
16090 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_in()>
16092 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_out()>
16094 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_Strategy()>
16096 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_Level()>
16098 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_BufSize()>
16104 =item Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate
16108 =item B< ($i, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate( [OPT] ) >
16110 B<-WindowBits>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-Dictionary>, B<-AppendOutput>, B<-CRC32>,
16111 B<-ADLER32>, B<-ConsumeInput>
16113 =item B< $status = $i-E<gt>inflate($input, $output [,$eof]) >
16115 =item B<$status = $i-E<gt>inflateSync($input)>
16117 =item B<$i-E<gt>dict_adler()>
16119 =item B<$i-E<gt>crc32()>
16121 =item B<$i-E<gt>adler32()>
16123 =item B<$i-E<gt>msg()>
16125 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_in()>
16127 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_out()>
16129 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_BufSize()>
16135 =item CHECKSUM FUNCTIONS
16137 =item ACCESSING ZIP FILES
16145 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
16147 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16151 =head2 Compress::Raw::Zlib::Compress::Raw::Zlib, Compress::Raw::Zlib -
16152 Low-Level Interface to zlib compression library
16160 =item Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate
16164 =item B<($d, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate( [OPT] ) >
16166 B<-Level>, B<-Method>, B<-WindowBits>, B<-MemLevel>, B<-Strategy>,
16167 B<-Dictionary>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-AppendOutput>, B<-CRC32>, B<-ADLER32>
16169 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflate($input, $output)>
16171 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>flush($output [, $flush_type]) >
16173 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateParams([OPT])>
16175 B<-Level>, B<-Strategy>, B<-BufSize>
16177 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateTune($good_length, $max_lazy,
16178 $nice_length, $max_chain)>
16180 =item B<$d-E<gt>dict_adler()>
16182 =item B<$d-E<gt>crc32()>
16184 =item B<$d-E<gt>adler32()>
16186 =item B<$d-E<gt>msg()>
16188 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_in()>
16190 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_out()>
16192 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_Strategy()>
16194 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_Level()>
16196 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_BufSize()>
16202 =item Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate
16206 =item B< ($i, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate( [OPT] ) >
16208 B<-WindowBits>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-Dictionary>, B<-AppendOutput>, B<-CRC32>,
16209 B<-ADLER32>, B<-ConsumeInput>
16211 =item B< $status = $i-E<gt>inflate($input, $output [,$eof]) >
16213 =item B<$status = $i-E<gt>inflateSync($input)>
16215 =item B<$i-E<gt>dict_adler()>
16217 =item B<$i-E<gt>crc32()>
16219 =item B<$i-E<gt>adler32()>
16221 =item B<$i-E<gt>msg()>
16223 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_in()>
16225 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_out()>
16227 =item B<$d-E<gt>get_BufSize()>
16233 =item CHECKSUM FUNCTIONS
16235 =item ACCESSING ZIP FILES
16243 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
16245 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16249 =head2 Compress::Zlib - Interface to zlib compression library
16259 =item Notes for users of Compress::Zlib version 1
16263 =item GZIP INTERFACE
16265 B<$gz = gzopen($filename, $mode)>, B<$gz = gzopen($filehandle, $mode)>,
16266 B<$bytesread = $gz-E<gt>gzread($buffer [, $size]) ;>, B<$bytesread =
16267 $gz-E<gt>gzreadline($line) ;>, B<$byteswritten = $gz-E<gt>gzwrite($buffer)
16268 ;>, B<$status = $gz-E<gt>gzflush($flush_type) ;>, B<$offset =
16269 $gz-E<gt>gztell() ;>, B<$status = $gz-E<gt>gzseek($offset, $whence) ;>,
16270 B<$gz-E<gt>gzclose>, B<$gz-E<gt>gzsetparams($level, $strategy>, B<$level>,
16271 B<$strategy>, B<$gz-E<gt>gzerror>, B<$gzerrno>
16277 =item Compress::Zlib::memGzip
16279 =item Compress::Zlib::memGunzip
16283 =item COMPRESS/UNCOMPRESS
16285 B<$dest = compress($source [, $level] ) ;>, B<$dest = uncompress($source)
16288 =item Deflate Interface
16292 =item B<($d, $status) = deflateInit( [OPT] )>
16294 B<-Level>, B<-Method>, B<-WindowBits>, B<-MemLevel>, B<-Strategy>,
16295 B<-Dictionary>, B<-Bufsize>
16297 =item B<($out, $status) = $d-E<gt>deflate($buffer)>
16299 =item B<($out, $status) = $d-E<gt>flush([flush_type])>
16301 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateParams([OPT])>
16303 B<-Level>, B<-Strategy>
16305 =item B<$d-E<gt>dict_adler()>
16307 =item B<$d-E<gt>msg()>
16309 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_in()>
16311 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_out()>
16317 =item Inflate Interface
16321 =item B<($i, $status) = inflateInit()>
16323 B<-WindowBits>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-Dictionary>
16325 =item B<($out, $status) = $i-E<gt>inflate($buffer)>
16327 =item B<$status = $i-E<gt>inflateSync($buffer)>
16329 =item B<$i-E<gt>dict_adler()>
16331 =item B<$i-E<gt>msg()>
16333 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_in()>
16335 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_out()>
16341 =item CHECKSUM FUNCTIONS
16349 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
16351 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16355 =head2 Compress::Zlib::Compress::Zlib, Compress::Zlib - Interface to zlib
16356 compression library
16366 =item Notes for users of Compress::Zlib version 1
16370 =item GZIP INTERFACE
16372 B<$gz = gzopen($filename, $mode)>, B<$gz = gzopen($filehandle, $mode)>,
16373 B<$bytesread = $gz-E<gt>gzread($buffer [, $size]) ;>, B<$bytesread =
16374 $gz-E<gt>gzreadline($line) ;>, B<$byteswritten = $gz-E<gt>gzwrite($buffer)
16375 ;>, B<$status = $gz-E<gt>gzflush($flush_type) ;>, B<$offset =
16376 $gz-E<gt>gztell() ;>, B<$status = $gz-E<gt>gzseek($offset, $whence) ;>,
16377 B<$gz-E<gt>gzclose>, B<$gz-E<gt>gzsetparams($level, $strategy>, B<$level>,
16378 B<$strategy>, B<$gz-E<gt>gzerror>, B<$gzerrno>
16384 =item Compress::Zlib::memGzip
16386 =item Compress::Zlib::memGunzip
16390 =item COMPRESS/UNCOMPRESS
16392 B<$dest = compress($source [, $level] ) ;>, B<$dest = uncompress($source)
16395 =item Deflate Interface
16399 =item B<($d, $status) = deflateInit( [OPT] )>
16401 B<-Level>, B<-Method>, B<-WindowBits>, B<-MemLevel>, B<-Strategy>,
16402 B<-Dictionary>, B<-Bufsize>
16404 =item B<($out, $status) = $d-E<gt>deflate($buffer)>
16406 =item B<($out, $status) = $d-E<gt>flush([flush_type])>
16408 =item B<$status = $d-E<gt>deflateParams([OPT])>
16410 B<-Level>, B<-Strategy>
16412 =item B<$d-E<gt>dict_adler()>
16414 =item B<$d-E<gt>msg()>
16416 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_in()>
16418 =item B<$d-E<gt>total_out()>
16424 =item Inflate Interface
16428 =item B<($i, $status) = inflateInit()>
16430 B<-WindowBits>, B<-Bufsize>, B<-Dictionary>
16432 =item B<($out, $status) = $i-E<gt>inflate($buffer)>
16434 =item B<$status = $i-E<gt>inflateSync($buffer)>
16436 =item B<$i-E<gt>dict_adler()>
16438 =item B<$i-E<gt>msg()>
16440 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_in()>
16442 =item B<$i-E<gt>total_out()>
16448 =item CHECKSUM FUNCTIONS
16456 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
16458 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16462 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
16470 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
16482 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
16486 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
16487 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
16488 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname>, C<archname64>, C<archobjs>,
16489 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
16493 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
16497 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
16498 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
16499 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
16500 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
16501 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
16502 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
16503 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
16507 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
16508 C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>,
16509 C<d_attribute_format>, C<d_attribute_malloc>, C<d_attribute_nonnull>,
16510 C<d_attribute_noreturn>, C<d_attribute_pure>, C<d_attribute_unused>,
16511 C<d_attribute_warn_unused_result>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>,
16512 C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_builtin_choose_expr>,
16513 C<d_builtin_expect>, C<d_bzero>, C<d_c99_variadic_macros>, C<d_casti32>,
16514 C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>,
16515 C<d_class>, C<d_clearenv>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
16516 C<d_copysignl>, C<d_cplusplus>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>,
16517 C<d_ctermid>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>,
16518 C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dir_dd_fd>, C<d_dirfd>,
16519 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
16520 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
16521 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
16522 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
16523 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
16524 C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
16525 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
16526 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
16527 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
16528 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
16529 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
16530 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_futimes>, C<d_Gconvert>,
16531 C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>,
16532 C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>,
16533 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
16534 C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>,
16535 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>,
16536 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
16537 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
16538 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
16539 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getppid>,
16540 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
16541 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
16542 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
16543 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
16544 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
16545 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
16546 C<d_htonl>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_inc_version_list>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>,
16547 C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>,
16548 C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
16549 C<d_libm_lib_version>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>,
16550 C<d_localtime_r_needs_tzset>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>,
16551 C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
16552 C<d_malloc_good_size>, C<d_malloc_size>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
16553 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
16554 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
16555 C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>,
16556 C<d_modflproto>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
16557 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
16558 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
16559 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
16560 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_zero_is_allbits_zero>, C<d_off64_t>,
16561 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
16562 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
16563 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
16564 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
16565 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_printf_format_null>,
16566 C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
16567 C<d_pseudofork>, C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>,
16568 C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>,
16569 C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>,
16570 C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
16571 C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>,
16572 C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>,
16573 C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
16574 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
16575 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
16576 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
16577 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
16578 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
16579 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
16580 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
16581 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
16582 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
16583 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
16584 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
16585 C<d_signbit>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sitearch>,
16586 C<d_snprintf>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>,
16587 C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>,
16588 C<d_sprintf_returns_strlen>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>,
16589 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
16590 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
16591 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
16592 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
16593 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>,
16594 C<d_strftime>, C<d_strlcat>, C<d_strlcpy>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
16595 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
16596 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
16597 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
16598 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
16599 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
16600 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
16601 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
16602 C<d_unordered>, C<d_unsetenv>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>,
16603 C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>,
16604 C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>,
16605 C<d_vprintf>, C<d_vsnprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
16606 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
16607 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
16608 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
16609 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
16613 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
16614 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
16615 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
16616 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
16620 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
16621 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
16626 C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
16627 C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
16628 C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
16629 C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
16630 C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
16631 C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
16632 C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
16633 C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
16634 C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
16635 C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
16639 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
16640 C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
16644 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
16645 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
16646 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
16647 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
16648 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
16649 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
16650 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
16651 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
16652 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
16653 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
16654 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
16655 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
16656 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
16657 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
16658 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
16659 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
16660 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
16661 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
16662 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<initialinstalllocation>, C<installarchlib>,
16663 C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>, C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>,
16664 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
16665 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
16666 C<installsitehtml1dir>, C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>,
16667 C<installsiteman1dir>, C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>,
16668 C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>,
16669 C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>,
16670 C<installvendorlib>, C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>,
16671 C<installvendorscript>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
16676 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
16680 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
16681 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
16682 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
16683 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
16684 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
16685 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
16690 C<mad>, C<madlyh>, C<madlyobj>, C<madlysrc>, C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>,
16691 C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>, C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>,
16692 C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>, C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
16696 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>,
16697 C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>,
16702 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
16703 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
16704 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
16705 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
16706 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
16710 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
16711 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
16715 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl>,
16720 C<PERL_API_REVISION>, C<PERL_API_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_API_VERSION>,
16721 C<PERL_CONFIG_SH>, C<PERL_PATCHLEVEL>, C<perl_patchlevel>,
16722 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
16723 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
16724 C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>,
16725 C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
16729 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
16733 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
16734 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
16735 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
16739 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
16740 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
16741 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
16742 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
16743 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
16744 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
16745 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
16746 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>,
16747 C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>,
16748 C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>,
16749 C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>,
16750 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
16751 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
16752 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
16753 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
16754 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>,
16755 C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
16756 C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
16757 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>,
16758 C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
16762 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
16763 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
16768 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
16769 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
16770 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
16771 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
16772 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemallocwrap>,
16773 C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>,
16774 C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<userelocatableinc>,
16775 C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesitecustomize>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
16776 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
16777 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
16781 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
16782 C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>,
16783 C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>,
16784 C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>,
16785 C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>,
16786 C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
16787 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
16795 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
16813 dynamic, nonxs, static
16819 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
16829 =item getcwd and friends
16831 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd, getdcwd
16833 =item abs_path and friends
16835 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
16851 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
16863 =item Global Variables
16865 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
16866 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
16871 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
16872 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
16874 =item Client Callback Methods
16876 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
16877 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
16878 CLIENT->output(LIST)
16888 =head2 DBM_Filter -- Filter DBM keys/values
16896 =item What is a DBM Filter?
16900 =item So what's new?
16908 =item $db->Filter_Push()
16910 =item $db->Filter_Key_Push()
16912 =item $db->Filter_Value_Push()
16914 Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push
16916 =item $db->Filter_Pop()
16918 =item $db->Filtered()
16922 =item Writing a Filter
16926 =item Immediate Filters
16928 =item Canned Filters
16934 =item Filters Included
16936 utf8, encode, compress, int32, null
16942 =item Maintain Round Trip Integrity
16944 =item Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file.
16956 =head2 DBM_Filter::compress - filter for DBM_Filter
16970 =head2 DBM_Filter::encode - filter for DBM_Filter
16984 =head2 DBM_Filter::int32 - filter for DBM_Filter
16998 =head2 DBM_Filter::null - filter for DBM_Filter
17012 =head2 DBM_Filter::utf8 - filter for DBM_Filter
17026 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
17034 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
17038 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
17040 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
17042 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
17044 =item Default Parameters
17046 =item In Memory Databases
17054 =item A Simple Example
17062 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
17064 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
17066 =item The get_dup() Method
17068 =item The find_dup() Method
17070 =item The del_dup() Method
17072 =item Matching Partial Keys
17080 =item The 'bval' Option
17082 =item A Simple Example
17084 =item Extra RECNO Methods
17086 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
17087 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
17088 length, elements);>
17090 =item Another Example
17094 =item THE API INTERFACE
17096 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
17097 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
17098 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
17099 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
17103 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
17104 B<filter_fetch_value>
17110 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
17112 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
17116 =item HINTS AND TIPS
17120 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
17122 =item Safe ways to lock a database
17124 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
17126 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
17128 =item The untie() Gotcha
17132 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
17136 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
17138 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
17140 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
17142 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
17162 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
17163 printing and C<eval>
17175 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
17176 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
17177 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
17184 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
17210 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
17218 =item PROFILE FORMAT
17230 =head2 Devel::InnerPackage - find all the inner packages of a package
17242 =item list_packages <package name>
17258 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
17268 =item Why use ppport.h?
17270 =item How to use ppport.h
17272 =item Running ppport.h
17284 =item COMPATIBILITY
17288 =item Provided Perl compatibility API
17290 =item Perl API not supported by ppport.h
17292 perl 5.9.5, perl 5.9.4, perl 5.9.3, perl 5.9.2, perl 5.9.1, perl 5.9.0,
17293 perl 5.8.3, perl 5.8.1, perl 5.8.0, perl 5.7.3, perl 5.7.2, perl 5.7.1,
17294 perl 5.6.1, perl 5.6.0, perl 5.005_03, perl 5.005, perl 5.004_05, perl
17309 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
17319 =item Runtime debugging
17321 =item Memory footprint debugging
17329 =item A simple scalar string
17331 =item A simple scalar number
17333 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
17335 =item A reference to a simple scalar
17337 =item A reference to an array
17339 =item A reference to a hash
17341 =item Dumping a large array or hash
17343 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
17345 =item A reference to a subroutine
17359 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
17369 =head2 Digest - Modules that calculate message digests
17377 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
17381 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
17382 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
17383 $ctx->add( $data ), $ctx->add( $chunk1, $chunk2, ... ), $ctx->addfile(
17384 $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits( $data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring
17385 ), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
17395 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
17405 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
17409 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
17410 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits),
17411 $md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
17423 =head2 Digest::SHA - Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512
17427 =item SYNOPSIS (SHA)
17429 =item SYNOPSIS (HMAC-SHA)
17435 =item NIST STATEMENT ON SHA-1
17437 =item PADDING OF BASE64 DIGESTS
17441 =item EXPORTABLE FUNCTIONS
17443 B<sha1($data, ...)>, B<sha224($data, ...)>, B<sha256($data, ...)>,
17444 B<sha384($data, ...)>, B<sha512($data, ...)>, B<sha1_hex($data, ...)>,
17445 B<sha224_hex($data, ...)>, B<sha256_hex($data, ...)>, B<sha384_hex($data,
17446 ...)>, B<sha512_hex($data, ...)>, B<sha1_base64($data, ...)>,
17447 B<sha224_base64($data, ...)>, B<sha256_base64($data, ...)>,
17448 B<sha384_base64($data, ...)>, B<sha512_base64($data, ...)>, B<new($alg)>,
17449 B<reset($alg)>, B<hashsize>, B<algorithm>, B<clone>, B<add($data, ...)>,
17450 B<add_bits($data, $nbits)>, B<add_bits($bits)>, B<addfile(*FILE)>,
17451 B<addfile($filename [, $mode])>, B<dump($filename)>, B<load($filename)>,
17452 B<digest>, B<hexdigest>, B<b64digest>, B<hmac_sha1($data, $key)>,
17453 B<hmac_sha224($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha256($data, $key)>,
17454 B<hmac_sha384($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha512($data, $key)>,
17455 B<hmac_sha1_hex($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha224_hex($data, $key)>,
17456 B<hmac_sha256_hex($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha384_hex($data, $key)>,
17457 B<hmac_sha512_hex($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha1_base64($data, $key)>,
17458 B<hmac_sha224_base64($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha256_base64($data, $key)>,
17459 B<hmac_sha384_base64($data, $key)>, B<hmac_sha512_base64($data, $key)>
17465 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
17467 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17471 =head2 Digest::base - Digest base class
17483 =head2 Digest::file - Calculate digests of files
17491 digest_file( $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...] ), digest_file_hex( $file,
17492 $algorithm, [$arg,...] ), digest_file_base64( $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...]
17499 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
17511 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
17523 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
17524 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
17525 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
17530 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
17531 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
17537 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
17545 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
17546 @dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(),
17547 dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(),
17548 dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(),
17549 dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
17555 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
17568 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
17570 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
17574 =item Order of initialization: early load()
17578 =item The most hairy case
17584 C<Can't find '%s' symbol in %s>, C<Can't load '%s' for module %s: %s>,
17585 C<Undefined symbols present after loading %s: %s>,
17586 C<XSLoader::load('Your::Module', $Your::Module::VERSION)>
17600 =head2 Encode - character encodings
17608 =item Table of Contents
17620 =item PERL ENCODING API
17622 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
17623 $octets [, CHECK]), [$obj =] find_encoding(ENCODING), [$length =]
17624 from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [, CHECK]), $octets =
17625 encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [, CHECK]);
17629 =item Listing available encodings
17631 =item Defining Aliases
17633 =item Finding IANA Character Set Registry names
17637 =item Encoding via PerlIO
17639 =item Handling Malformed Data
17641 B<NOTE:> Not all encoding support this feature, I<CHECK> =
17642 Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1), I<CHECK> =
17643 Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode (I<CHECK> =
17644 Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML
17645 charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The bitmask,
17648 =item Defining Encodings
17650 =item The UTF8 flag
17652 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
17656 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
17658 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
17662 =item UTF-8 vs. utf8 vs. UTF8
17672 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
17680 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
17685 =item Alias overloading
17693 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
17707 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
17709 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
17725 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
17727 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
17729 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
17743 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
17753 =item Methods you should implement
17755 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
17756 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
17758 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
17760 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>mime_name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>renewed, -E<gt>perlio_ok(),
17761 -E<gt>needs_lines()
17763 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
17767 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
17771 =item Compiled Encodings
17777 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
17781 =head2 Encode::GSM0338 -- ESTI GSM 03.38 Encoding
17797 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
17807 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
17808 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
17809 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
17819 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
17829 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
17837 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
17839 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
17841 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
17855 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
17857 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
17873 =head2 Encode::MIME::Name, Encode::MIME::NAME -- internally used by Encode
17881 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
17887 =item How does it work?
17889 =item Line Buffering
17893 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
17901 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
17909 =item Encoding Names
17913 =item Supported Encodings
17917 =item Built-in Encodings
17919 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
17921 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
17923 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
17926 =item gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
17928 gsm0338 support before 2.19
17930 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
17932 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
17933 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
17934 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
17936 =item Miscellaneous encodings
17938 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
17942 =item Unsupported encodings
17944 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
17945 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
17946 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
17947 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
17949 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
17951 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
17955 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
17957 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
17963 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
17964 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
17971 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
17972 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
17976 =item Other Notable Sites
17978 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
17979 "Introduction to i18n"
17981 =item Offline sources
17983 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
17989 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
18003 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
18019 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
18027 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
18029 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
18035 =item by endianness
18037 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
18041 =item Surrogate Pairs
18043 =item Error Checking
18049 =head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
18063 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
18072 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
18077 =item Alias overloading
18085 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
18086 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
18088 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
18091 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
18094 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
18095 Implementation Base Class
18105 =item Methods you should implement
18107 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
18108 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
18110 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
18112 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>mime_name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>renewed, -E<gt>perlio_ok(),
18113 -E<gt>needs_lines()
18115 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
18119 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
18123 =item Compiled Encodings
18129 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
18133 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::GSM0338, Encode::GSM0338 -- ESTI GSM 03.38
18150 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
18161 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
18162 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
18163 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
18173 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
18174 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
18176 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
18179 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
18182 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
18183 and 'Q' header encoding
18199 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Name, Encode::MIME::NAME -- internally
18208 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
18209 on Encode and PerlIO
18215 =item How does it work?
18217 =item Line Buffering
18221 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
18229 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
18230 supported by Encode
18238 =item Encoding Names
18242 =item Supported Encodings
18246 =item Built-in Encodings
18248 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
18250 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
18252 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
18255 =item gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
18257 gsm0338 support before 2.19
18259 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
18261 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
18262 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
18263 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
18265 =item Miscellaneous encodings
18267 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
18271 =item Unsupported encodings
18273 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
18274 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
18275 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
18276 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
18278 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
18280 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
18284 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
18286 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
18292 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
18293 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
18300 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
18301 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
18305 =item Other Notable Sites
18307 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
18308 "Introduction to i18n"
18310 =item Offline sources
18312 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
18318 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
18333 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
18345 =item Predefined Methods
18347 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
18348 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
18349 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
18351 =item Example: base64 transcoder
18353 =item Operator Overloading
18361 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
18362 non-ascii or non-utf8
18372 =item Literal Conversions
18374 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
18376 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
18386 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
18388 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
18392 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
18393 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
18395 =item The Filter Option
18399 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
18409 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
18411 =item tr/// with ranges
18413 Legend of characters above
18417 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
18419 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
18421 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
18425 =item The Logic of :locale
18435 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
18447 =item Predefined Methods
18449 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
18450 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
18451 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
18453 =item Example: base64 transcoder
18455 =item Operator Overloading
18463 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
18476 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
18491 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
18507 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
18517 =item How to Export
18519 =item Selecting What To Export
18521 =item How to Import
18523 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
18527 =item Advanced features
18531 =item Specialised Import Lists
18533 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
18535 =item Exporting without inheriting from Exporter
18537 =item Module Version Checking
18539 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
18541 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
18543 =item Generating combined tags
18545 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
18551 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
18561 =head2 ExtUtils::CBuilder - Compile and link C code for Perl modules
18571 new, have_compiler, compile, C<object_file>, C<include_dirs>,
18572 C<extra_compiler_flags>, link, lib_file, module_name, extra_linker_flags,
18573 link_executable, exe_file, object_file, lib_file, exe_file, prelink,
18574 need_prelink, extra_link_args_after_prelink
18588 =head2 ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows - Builder class for Windows
18601 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
18650 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
18664 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
18666 B<perllocal_install>
18670 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
18680 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
18688 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
18690 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
18692 WriteMakefileSnippet
18694 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
18695 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FH, C_FILE, XS_FH, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
18703 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant::Base - base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
18717 memEQ_clause args_hashref
18719 dump_names arg_hashref, ITEM..
18721 assign arg_hashref, VALUE..
18723 return_clause arg_hashref, ITEM
18725 switch_clause arg_hashref, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
18729 dogfood arg_hashref, ITEM..
18731 normalise_items args, default_type, seen_types, seen_items, ITEM..
18733 C_constant arg_hashref, ITEM.., name, type, value, macro, default, pre,
18734 post, def_pre, def_post, utf8, weight
18744 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant::Utils - helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
18758 perl_stringify NAME
18766 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant::XS, ExtUtils::Constant::Base - base class for
18767 ExtUtils::Constant objects
18781 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
18793 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
18794 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
18804 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
18812 _chmod($$;$), _warnonce(@), _choke(@)
18816 _move_file_at_boot( $file, $target, $moan )
18818 _unlink_or_rename( $file, $tryhard, $installing )
18832 _can_write_dir(C<$dir>)
18834 _mkpath($dir,$show,$mode,$verbose,$fake)
18836 _copy($from,$to,$verbose,$fake)
18842 install_rooted_file( $file ), install_rooted_dir( $dir )
18844 forceunlink( $file, $tryhard )
18846 directory_not_empty( $dir )
18848 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
18852 inc_uninstall($filepath,$libdir,$verbose,$nonono,$ignore)
18854 run_filter($cmd,$src,$dest)
18866 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>, B<EU_INSTALL_IGNORE_SKIP>,
18867 B<EU_INSTALL_SITE_SKIPFILE>
18875 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
18887 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
18888 packlist(), version()
18896 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
18904 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
18905 dynamic extensions at load time
18911 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
18921 =item VMS implementation
18923 =item Win32 implementation
18931 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
18941 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_AIX - AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
18951 =item Overridden methods
18965 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
18977 =item Cross-platform helper methods
19003 =item File::Spec wrappers
19019 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
19020 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
19034 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
19035 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
19049 replace_manpage_separator
19053 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
19063 =item Overridden methods
19071 B<replace_manpage_separator>
19081 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
19091 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
19092 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
19104 init_platform, platform_constants
19112 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
19113 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
19131 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_QNX - QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
19141 =item Overridden methods
19155 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
19165 =item Overridden methods
19173 B<replace_manpage_separator>
19183 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
19285 init_platform, platform_constants
19329 post_initialize (o)
19341 replace_manpage_separator
19365 test_via_harness (override)
19367 test_via_script (override)
19391 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
19392 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
19402 =item Methods always loaded
19414 guess_name (override)
19418 find_perl (override)
19420 maybe_command (override)
19424 pm_to_blib (override)
19426 perl_script (override)
19428 replace_manpage_separator
19434 init_main (override)
19436 init_others (override)
19438 init_platform (override)
19442 init_VERSION (override)
19444 constants (override)
19450 const_cccmd (override)
19452 tools_other (override)
19454 init_dist (override)
19464 dynamic_lib (override)
19466 static_lib (override)
19470 zipfile_target, tarfile_target, shdist_target
19474 perldepend (override)
19476 makeaperl (override)
19478 nicetext (override)
19480 prefixify (override)
19508 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VOS - VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
19518 =item Overridden methods
19532 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
19533 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
19545 =item Overridden methods
19551 replace_manpage_separator
19559 init_platform, platform_constants
19587 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
19597 =item Overridden methods
19619 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
19629 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
19639 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
19641 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
19651 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
19655 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
19657 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
19659 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
19661 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
19663 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
19664 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
19665 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
19666 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
19667 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
19668 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
19669 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLSITESCRIPT,
19670 INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
19671 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT,
19672 INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT,
19673 LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LICENSE, LINKTYPE, MAKE,
19674 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
19675 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL,
19676 PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX,
19677 PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS,
19678 PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX,
19679 PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN,
19680 SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM,
19681 XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
19683 =item Additional lowercase attributes
19685 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
19686 test, tool_autosplit
19688 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
19690 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
19692 C<< MAN3PODS => ' ' >>
19694 =item Hintsfile support
19696 =item Distribution Support
19698 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
19699 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
19700 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
19702 =item Module Meta-Data
19704 =item Disabling an extension
19706 =item Other Handy Functions
19714 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT, PERL_CORE
19724 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config - Wrapper around Config.pm
19734 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
19743 =item Module Installation
19745 How do I install a module into my home directory?, How do I get MakeMaker
19746 and Module::Build to install to the same place?, How do I keep from
19747 installing man pages?, How do I use a module without installing it?, PREFIX
19748 vs INSTALL_BASE from Module::Build::Cookbook
19750 =item Philosophy and History
19752 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What is
19753 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
19754 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
19756 =item Module Writing
19758 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
19759 this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!, How do I
19760 delete everything not in my F<MANIFEST>?
19764 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
19765 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
19778 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
19792 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
19801 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version-agnostic bytes.pm
19811 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
19821 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
19859 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
19861 #!include_default, #!include /Path/to/another/manifest.skip
19865 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
19873 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
19874 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
19878 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
19886 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
19898 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
19908 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
19917 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
19929 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
19941 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
19949 =head2 ExtUtils::ParseXS - converts Perl XS code into C code
19959 process_xs(), B<C++>, B<hiertype>, B<except>, B<typemap>, B<prototypes>,
19960 B<versioncheck>, B<linenumbers>, B<optimize>, B<inout>, B<argtypes>, B<s>,
19971 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
19981 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
19995 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
20005 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
20009 =head2 File::Basename - Parse file paths into directory, filename and
20020 C<fileparse> X<fileparse>
20022 C<basename> X<basename> X<filename>
20024 C<dirname> X<dirname>
20026 C<fileparse_set_fstype> X<filesystem>
20034 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
20048 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
20062 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
20070 copy X<copy> X<cp>, move X<move> X<mv> X<rename>, syscopy X<syscopy>,
20071 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) X<rmscopy>
20081 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
20091 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
20103 =head2 File::Fetch - A generic file fetching mechanism
20113 $ff->uri, $ff->scheme, $ff->host, $ff->path, $ff->file
20125 =item $ff = File::Fetch->new( uri => 'http://some.where.com/dir/file.txt'
20134 =item $ff->fetch( [to => /my/output/dir/] )
20140 =item $ff->error([BOOL])
20148 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
20152 =item $File::Fetch::FROM_EMAIL
20154 =item $File::Fetch::USER_AGENT
20156 =item $File::Fetch::FTP_PASSIVE
20158 =item $File::Fetch::TIMEOUT
20160 =item $File::Fetch::WARN
20162 =item $File::Fetch::DEBUG
20164 =item $File::Fetch::BLACKLIST
20166 =item $File::Fetch::METHOD_FAIL
20172 =item FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
20176 =item So how do I use a proxy with File::Fetch?
20178 =item I used 'lynx' to fetch a file, but its contents is all wrong!
20180 =item Files I'm trying to fetch have reserved characters or non-ASCII
20181 characters in them. What do I do?
20187 Implement $PREFER_BIN
20195 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
20203 B<find>, B<finddepth>
20209 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
20210 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
20211 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
20213 =item The wanted function
20215 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
20216 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
20217 pathname to the file
20225 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
20229 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
20235 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
20245 =item META CHARACTERS
20249 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
20250 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
20251 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
20257 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
20267 =head2 File::GlobMapper - Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
20275 This code is a work in progress, There are known bugs, The interface
20276 defined here is tentative, There are portability issues, Do not use in
20277 production code, Consider yourself warned!
20281 =item Behind The Scenes
20285 =item Input File Glob
20287 B<~>, B<~user>, B<.>, B<*>, B<?>, B<\>, B<[]>, B<{,}>, B<()>
20289 =item Output File Glob
20293 =item Returned Data
20301 =item A Rename script
20303 =item A few example globmaps
20311 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20315 =head2 File::Path - Create or remove directory trees
20329 mode, verbose, error, verbose, skip_others, keep_root, result, error
20331 =item TRADITIONAL INTERFACE
20333 =item ERROR HANDLING
20353 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
20363 canonpath X<canonpath>, catdir X<catdir>, catfile X<catfile>, curdir
20364 X<curdir>, devnull X<devnull>, rootdir X<rootdir>, tmpdir X<tmpdir>, updir
20365 X<updir>, no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path X<path>,
20366 join X<join, path>, splitpath X<splitpath> X<split, path>, splitdir
20367 X<splitdir> X<split, dir>, catpath(), abs2rel X<abs2rel> X<absolute, path>
20368 X<relative, path>, rel2abs() X<rel2abs> X<absolute, path> X<relative, path>
20378 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
20390 file_name_is_absolute
20402 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
20424 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
20444 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
20472 file_name_is_absolute
20496 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
20510 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
20543 file_name_is_absolute
20567 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
20575 canonpath (override)
20593 case_tolerant (override)
20597 file_name_is_absolute (override)
20599 splitpath (override)
20601 splitdir (override)
20617 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
20643 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
20655 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
20669 =item OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE
20677 B<unlink_on_destroy>
20693 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
20707 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
20717 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
20725 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
20739 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
20741 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
20747 B<$KEEP_ALL>, B<$DEBUG>
20755 =item Temporary files and NFS
20771 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
20787 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
20795 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
20803 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
20811 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
20817 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
20831 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
20833 =item All-in-one interface
20835 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
20837 C<"code">, C<"code_no_comments">, C<"executable">,
20838 C<"executable_no_comments">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
20841 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
20843 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
20844 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
20845 and C<'code_no_comments'> component filter behave slightly differently
20846 from the other partial filters described in the previous section.
20848 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
20850 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
20862 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
20872 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
20876 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
20878 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
20886 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
20888 =item Example 2: Using the context
20890 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
20892 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
20896 =item Filter::Simple
20904 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
20912 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
20924 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
20940 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
20948 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
20950 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
20954 =item Simple options
20956 =item A little bit less simple options
20958 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
20960 =item Options with values
20962 =item Options with multiple values
20964 =item Options with hash values
20966 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
20968 =item Options with multiple names
20970 =item Case and abbreviations
20972 =item Summary of Option Specifications
20974 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
20979 =item Advanced Possibilities
20983 =item Object oriented interface
20985 =item Thread Safety
20987 =item Documentation and help texts
20989 =item Parsing options from an arbitrary array
20991 =item Parsing options from an arbitrary string
20993 =item Storing options values in a hash
20997 =item The lonesome dash
20999 =item Argument callback
21003 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
21005 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
21006 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
21007 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
21008 (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
21009 (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
21010 prefix_pattern, long_prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
21012 =item Exportable Methods
21014 VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
21016 =item Return values and Errors
21022 =item Default destinations
21024 =item Alternative option starters
21026 =item Configuration variables
21030 =item Tips and Techniques
21034 =item Pushing multiple values in a hash option
21038 =item Trouble Shooting
21042 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
21045 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
21047 =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
21049 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
21055 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
21059 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches
21060 with switch clustering
21068 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
21072 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
21082 =item Restricted hashes
21084 B<lock_keys>, B<unlock_keys>
21092 B<lock_value>, B<unlock_value>
21094 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
21096 B<lock_hash_recurse>, B<unlock_hash_recurse>
21100 b<legal_keys>, B<hidden_keys>, B<all_keys>, B<hash_seed>
21106 =item Operating on references to hashes.
21108 lock_ref_keys, unlock_ref_keys, lock_ref_keys_plus, lock_ref_value,
21109 unlock_ref_value, lock_hashref, unlock_hashref, lock_hashref_recurse,
21110 unlock_hashref_recurse, hash_ref_unlocked, legal_ref_keys, hidden_ref_keys
21126 =head2 Hash::Util::FieldHash - Support for Inside-Out Classes
21134 id, id_2obj, register, idhash, idhashes, fieldhash, fieldhashes
21140 =item The Inside-out Technique
21142 =item Problems of Inside-out
21146 =item More Problems
21148 =item The Generic Object
21150 =item How to use Field Hashes
21152 =item Garbage-Collected Hashes
21158 C<init()>, C<first()>, C<last()>, C<name()>, C<Name_hash>, C<Name_id>,
21159 C<Name_idhash>, C<Name_id_reg>, C<Name_idhash_reg>, C<Name_fieldhash>
21173 =item The C<PERL_MAGIC_uvar> interface for hashes
21175 =item Weakrefs call uvar magic
21177 =item How field hashes work
21179 =item Internal function Hash::Util::FieldHash::_fieldhash
21185 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21189 =head2 Hash::Util::FieldHash::lib::Hash::Util::FieldHash,
21190 Hash::Util::FieldHash - Support for Inside-Out Classes
21198 id, id_2obj, register, idhash, idhashes, fieldhash, fieldhashes
21204 =item The Inside-out Technique
21206 =item Problems of Inside-out
21210 =item More Problems
21212 =item The Generic Object
21214 =item How to use Field Hashes
21216 =item Garbage-Collected Hashes
21222 C<init()>, C<first()>, C<last()>, C<name()>, C<Name_hash>, C<Name_id>,
21223 C<Name_idhash>, C<Name_id_reg>, C<Name_idhash_reg>, C<Name_fieldhash>
21237 =item The C<PERL_MAGIC_uvar> interface for hashes
21239 =item Weakrefs call uvar magic
21241 =item How field hashes work
21243 =item Internal function Hash::Util::FieldHash::_fieldhash
21249 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21253 =head2 Hash::Utilib::Hash::Util, Hash::Util - A selection of
21254 general-utility hash subroutines
21264 =item Restricted hashes
21266 B<lock_keys>, B<unlock_keys>
21274 B<lock_value>, B<unlock_value>
21276 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
21278 B<lock_hash_recurse>, B<unlock_hash_recurse>
21282 b<legal_keys>, B<hidden_keys>, B<all_keys>, B<hash_seed>
21288 =item Operating on references to hashes.
21290 lock_ref_keys, unlock_ref_keys, lock_ref_keys_plus, lock_ref_value,
21291 unlock_ref_value, lock_hashref, unlock_hashref, lock_hashref_recurse,
21292 unlock_hashref_recurse, hash_ref_unlocked, legal_ref_keys, hidden_ref_keys
21308 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
21319 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
21330 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
21332 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
21334 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
21336 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
21338 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
21340 the function super_languages($lang1)
21342 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
21344 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
21346 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
21348 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
21350 the function implicate_supers( ...languages... ), the function
21351 implicate_supers_strictly( ...languages... )
21355 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
21357 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
21367 =head2 I18N::LangTags::Detect - detect the user's language preferences
21387 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
21395 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
21397 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
21399 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
21400 Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
21401 Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
21402 {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
21403 {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
21404 {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
21405 : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
21406 Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
21407 Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
21408 : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
21409 Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
21410 : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
21411 Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
21412 Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
21413 (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
21414 {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
21415 Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
21416 Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
21417 (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
21418 American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
21419 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
21420 : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
21421 Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
21422 Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
21423 {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
21424 : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
21425 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
21426 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
21427 Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
21428 Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
21429 {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
21430 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
21431 : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
21432 English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
21433 (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
21434 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
21435 : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
21436 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
21437 (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
21438 Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
21439 {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
21440 {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
21441 German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
21442 : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
21443 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
21444 Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
21445 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
21446 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
21447 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
21448 {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
21449 (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
21450 (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
21451 Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
21452 Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
21453 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
21454 Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
21455 {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
21456 Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
21457 : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
21458 {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
21459 {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
21460 {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
21461 Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
21462 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
21463 Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
21464 Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
21465 Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
21466 (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
21467 : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
21468 {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
21469 {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
21470 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
21471 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
21472 Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
21473 [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
21474 Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
21475 Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
21476 {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
21477 languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
21478 {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
21479 {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
21480 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
21481 {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
21482 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
21483 Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
21484 : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
21485 Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
21486 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
21487 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
21488 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
21489 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
21490 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
21491 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
21492 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
21493 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
21494 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
21495 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
21496 Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
21497 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
21498 Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
21499 {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
21500 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
21501 Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
21502 Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
21503 (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
21504 {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
21505 Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
21506 South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
21507 Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
21508 {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
21509 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
21510 {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
21511 Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
21512 Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
21513 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
21514 {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
21515 Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
21516 : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
21517 Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
21518 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
21519 Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
21520 : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
21521 : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
21522 Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
21523 Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
21524 : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
21529 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
21535 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
21553 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21557 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
21569 =head2 IO::Compress::Base - Base Class for IO::Compress modules
21581 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
21583 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21587 =head2 IO::Compress::Deflate - Write RFC 1950 files/buffers
21595 =item Functional Interface
21599 =item deflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
21601 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
21602 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
21603 Reference, An Output FileGlob
21607 =item Optional Parameters
21609 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>
21621 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
21623 =item Constructor Options
21625 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A
21626 Filehandle, C<< Merge => 0|1 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
21658 =item input_line_number
21664 =item newStream([OPTS])
21666 =item deflateParams
21672 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
21680 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
21682 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21686 =head2 IO::Compress::Gzip - Write RFC 1952 files/buffers
21694 =item Functional Interface
21698 =item gzip $input => $output [, OPTS]
21700 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
21701 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
21702 Reference, An Output FileGlob
21706 =item Optional Parameters
21708 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>
21720 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
21722 =item Constructor Options
21724 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A
21725 Filehandle, C<< Merge => 0|1 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Minimal => 0|1 >>,
21726 C<< Comment => $comment >>, C<< Name => $string >>, C<< Time => $number >>,
21727 C<< TextFlag => 0|1 >>, C<< HeaderCRC => 0|1 >>, C<< OS_Code => $value >>,
21728 C<< ExtraField => $data >>, C<< ExtraFlags => $value >>, C<< Strict => 0|1
21761 =item input_line_number
21767 =item newStream([OPTS])
21769 =item deflateParams
21775 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
21783 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
21785 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21789 =head2 IO::Compress::RawDeflate - Write RFC 1951 files/buffers
21797 =item Functional Interface
21801 =item rawdeflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
21803 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
21804 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
21805 Reference, An Output FileGlob
21809 =item Optional Parameters
21811 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>
21823 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
21825 =item Constructor Options
21827 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A
21828 Filehandle, C<< Merge => 0|1 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
21860 =item input_line_number
21866 =item newStream([OPTS])
21868 =item deflateParams
21874 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
21882 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
21884 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21888 =head2 IO::Compress::Zip - Write zip files/buffers
21896 =item Functional Interface
21900 =item zip $input => $output [, OPTS]
21902 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
21903 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
21904 Reference, An Output FileGlob
21908 =item Optional Parameters
21910 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>
21922 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
21924 =item Constructor Options
21926 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A
21927 Filehandle, C<< Name => $string >>, C<< Time => $number >>, C<< ExtAttr =>
21928 $attr >>, C<< exTime => [$atime, $mtime, $ctime] >>, C<< Comment =>
21929 $comment >>, C<< ZipComment => $comment >>, C<< Method => $method >>, C<<
21930 Stream => 0|1 >>, C<< Zip64 => 0|1 >>, C<< TextFlag => 0|1 >>, C<<
21931 ExtraFieldLocal => $data >> =item C<< ExtraFieldCentral => $data >>, C<<
21932 Minimal => 1|0 >>, C<< BlockSize100K => number >>, C<< WorkFactor => number
21933 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
21965 =item input_line_number
21971 =item newStream([OPTS])
21973 =item deflateParams
21979 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy, :zip_method
21987 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
21989 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21993 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
22001 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
22002 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
22012 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
22022 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
22026 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode(
22037 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
22047 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
22051 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
22052 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
22053 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
22054 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
22066 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
22076 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
22080 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
22090 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
22100 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
22101 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
22111 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
22119 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
22120 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
22129 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
22139 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
22143 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
22144 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
22145 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
22155 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
22169 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
22170 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
22180 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
22196 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
22209 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
22223 hostpath(), peerpath()
22233 =head2 IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate - Uncompress zlib-based (zip, gzip)
22242 RFC 1950, RFC 1951 (optionally), gzip (RFC 1952), zip
22244 =item Functional Interface
22248 =item anyinflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
22250 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
22251 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
22252 Reference, An Output FileGlob
22256 =item Optional Parameters
22258 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
22259 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
22271 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
22273 =item Constructor Options
22275 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
22276 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
22277 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>, C<< RawInflate => 0|1
22278 >>, C<< ParseExtra => 0|1 >> If the gzip FEXTRA header field is present and
22279 this option is set, it will force the module to check that it conforms to
22280 the sub-field structure as defined in RFC 1952
22302 =item getHeaderInfo
22316 =item input_line_number
22338 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
22340 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
22344 =head2 IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress - Uncompress gzip, zip, bzip2 or lzop
22353 RFC 1950, RFC 1951 (optionally), gzip (RFC 1952), zip, bzip2, lzop, lzf
22355 =item Functional Interface
22359 =item anyuncompress $input => $output [, OPTS]
22361 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
22362 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
22363 Reference, An Output FileGlob
22367 =item Optional Parameters
22369 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
22370 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
22382 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
22384 =item Constructor Options
22386 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
22387 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
22388 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>, C<< RawInflate => 0|1
22409 =item getHeaderInfo
22423 =item input_line_number
22445 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
22447 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
22451 =head2 IO::Uncompress::Base - Base Class for IO::Uncompress modules
22463 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
22465 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
22469 =head2 IO::Uncompress::Gunzip - Read RFC 1952 files/buffers
22477 =item Functional Interface
22481 =item gunzip $input => $output [, OPTS]
22483 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
22484 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
22485 Reference, An Output FileGlob
22489 =item Optional Parameters
22491 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
22492 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
22504 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
22506 =item Constructor Options
22508 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
22509 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
22510 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>, C<< ParseExtra => 0|1
22511 >> If the gzip FEXTRA header field is present and this option is set, it
22512 will force the module to check that it conforms to the sub-field structure
22513 as defined in RFC 1952
22535 =item getHeaderInfo
22551 =item input_line_number
22573 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
22575 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
22579 =head2 IO::Uncompress::Inflate - Read RFC 1950 files/buffers
22587 =item Functional Interface
22591 =item inflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
22593 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
22594 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
22595 Reference, An Output FileGlob
22599 =item Optional Parameters
22601 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
22602 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
22614 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
22616 =item Constructor Options
22618 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
22619 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
22620 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
22642 =item getHeaderInfo
22656 =item input_line_number
22678 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
22680 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
22684 =head2 IO::Uncompress::RawInflate - Read RFC 1951 files/buffers
22692 =item Functional Interface
22696 =item rawinflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
22698 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
22699 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
22700 Reference, An Output FileGlob
22704 =item Optional Parameters
22706 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
22707 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
22719 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
22721 =item Constructor Options
22723 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
22724 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
22725 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
22747 =item getHeaderInfo
22761 =item input_line_number
22783 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
22785 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
22789 =head2 IO::Uncompress::Unzip - Read zip files/buffers
22797 =item Functional Interface
22801 =item unzip $input => $output [, OPTS]
22803 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
22804 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
22805 Reference, An Output FileGlob
22809 =item Optional Parameters
22811 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
22812 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
22824 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
22826 =item Constructor Options
22828 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
22829 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
22830 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
22852 =item getHeaderInfo
22866 =item input_line_number
22888 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
22890 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
22894 =head2 IO::Zlib - IO:: style interface to L<Compress::Zlib>
22906 =item OBJECT METHODS
22908 open ( FILENAME, MODE ), opened, close, getc, getline, getlines, print (
22909 ARGS... ), read ( BUF, NBYTES, [OFFSET] ), eof, seek ( OFFSET, WHENCE ),
22910 tell, setpos ( POS ), getpos ( POS )
22912 =item USING THE EXTERNAL GZIP
22914 =item CLASS METHODS
22916 has_Compress_Zlib, gzip_external, gzip_used, gzip_read_open,
22921 IO::Zlib::getlines: must be called in list context,
22922 IO::Zlib::gzopen_external: mode '...' is illegal, IO::Zlib::import: '...'
22923 is illegal, IO::Zlib::import: ':gzip_external' requires an argument,
22924 IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_read_open' requires an argument, IO::Zlib::import:
22925 'gzip_read' '...' is illegal, IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_write_open' requires
22926 an argument, IO::Zlib::import: 'gzip_write_open' '...' is illegal,
22927 IO::Zlib::import: no Compress::Zlib and no external gzip, IO::Zlib::open:
22928 needs a filename, IO::Zlib::READ: NBYTES must be specified,
22929 IO::Zlib::WRITE: too long LENGTH, IO::Zlib::WRITE: OFFSET is not supported
22939 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
22948 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
22949 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
22959 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
22969 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
22973 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode(
22984 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
22995 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
22999 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
23000 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
23001 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
23002 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
23014 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
23024 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
23028 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
23038 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
23048 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
23049 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
23059 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
23068 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
23069 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
23078 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
23089 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
23093 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
23094 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
23095 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
23105 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
23120 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
23121 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
23131 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
23132 AF_INET domain sockets
23148 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
23161 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
23162 AF_UNIX domain sockets
23176 hostpath(), peerpath()
23186 =head2 IO_Compress_Base::lib::File::GlobMapper, File::GlobMapper - Extend
23187 File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
23195 This code is a work in progress, There are known bugs, The interface
23196 defined here is tentative, There are portability issues, Do not use in
23197 production code, Consider yourself warned!
23201 =item Behind The Scenes
23205 =item Input File Glob
23207 B<~>, B<~user>, B<.>, B<*>, B<?>, B<\>, B<[]>, B<{,}>, B<()>
23209 =item Output File Glob
23213 =item Returned Data
23221 =item A Rename script
23223 =item A few example globmaps
23231 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23235 =head2 IO_Compress_Base::lib::IO::Compress::Base, IO::Compress::Base - Base
23236 Class for IO::Compress modules
23248 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23250 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23254 =head2 IO_Compress_Base::lib::IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress,
23255 IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress - Uncompress gzip, zip, bzip2 or lzop
23264 RFC 1950, RFC 1951 (optionally), gzip (RFC 1952), zip, bzip2, lzop, lzf
23266 =item Functional Interface
23270 =item anyuncompress $input => $output [, OPTS]
23272 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
23273 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
23274 Reference, An Output FileGlob
23278 =item Optional Parameters
23280 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
23281 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
23293 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
23295 =item Constructor Options
23297 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
23298 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
23299 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>, C<< RawInflate => 0|1
23320 =item getHeaderInfo
23334 =item input_line_number
23356 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23358 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23362 =head2 IO_Compress_Base::lib::IO::Uncompress::Base, IO::Uncompress::Base -
23363 Base Class for IO::Uncompress modules
23375 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23377 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23381 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Compress::Deflate, IO::Compress::Deflate -
23382 Write RFC 1950 files/buffers
23390 =item Functional Interface
23394 =item deflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
23396 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
23397 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
23398 Reference, An Output FileGlob
23402 =item Optional Parameters
23404 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>
23416 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
23418 =item Constructor Options
23420 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A
23421 Filehandle, C<< Merge => 0|1 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
23453 =item input_line_number
23459 =item newStream([OPTS])
23461 =item deflateParams
23467 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
23475 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23477 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23481 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Compress::Gzip, IO::Compress::Gzip - Write RFC
23490 =item Functional Interface
23494 =item gzip $input => $output [, OPTS]
23496 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
23497 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
23498 Reference, An Output FileGlob
23502 =item Optional Parameters
23504 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>
23516 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
23518 =item Constructor Options
23520 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A
23521 Filehandle, C<< Merge => 0|1 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Minimal => 0|1 >>,
23522 C<< Comment => $comment >>, C<< Name => $string >>, C<< Time => $number >>,
23523 C<< TextFlag => 0|1 >>, C<< HeaderCRC => 0|1 >>, C<< OS_Code => $value >>,
23524 C<< ExtraField => $data >>, C<< ExtraFlags => $value >>, C<< Strict => 0|1
23557 =item input_line_number
23563 =item newStream([OPTS])
23565 =item deflateParams
23571 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
23579 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23581 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23585 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Compress::RawDeflate, IO::Compress::RawDeflate
23586 - Write RFC 1951 files/buffers
23594 =item Functional Interface
23598 =item rawdeflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
23600 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
23601 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
23602 Reference, An Output FileGlob
23606 =item Optional Parameters
23608 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>
23620 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
23622 =item Constructor Options
23624 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A
23625 Filehandle, C<< Merge => 0|1 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
23657 =item input_line_number
23663 =item newStream([OPTS])
23665 =item deflateParams
23671 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy
23679 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23681 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23685 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Compress::Zip, IO::Compress::Zip - Write zip
23694 =item Functional Interface
23698 =item zip $input => $output [, OPTS]
23700 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
23701 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
23702 Reference, An Output FileGlob
23706 =item Optional Parameters
23708 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeIn => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>
23720 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
23722 =item Constructor Options
23724 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, A Buffer, A Filename, A
23725 Filehandle, C<< Name => $string >>, C<< Time => $number >>, C<< ExtAttr =>
23726 $attr >>, C<< exTime => [$atime, $mtime, $ctime] >>, C<< Comment =>
23727 $comment >>, C<< ZipComment => $comment >>, C<< Method => $method >>, C<<
23728 Stream => 0|1 >>, C<< Zip64 => 0|1 >>, C<< TextFlag => 0|1 >>, C<<
23729 ExtraFieldLocal => $data >> =item C<< ExtraFieldCentral => $data >>, C<<
23730 Minimal => 1|0 >>, C<< BlockSize100K => number >>, C<< WorkFactor => number
23731 >>, -Level, -Strategy, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
23763 =item input_line_number
23769 =item newStream([OPTS])
23771 =item deflateParams
23777 :all, :constants, :flush, :level, :strategy, :zip_method
23785 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23787 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23791 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate,
23792 IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate - Uncompress zlib-based (zip, gzip) file/buffer
23800 RFC 1950, RFC 1951 (optionally), gzip (RFC 1952), zip
23802 =item Functional Interface
23806 =item anyinflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
23808 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
23809 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
23810 Reference, An Output FileGlob
23814 =item Optional Parameters
23816 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
23817 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
23829 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
23831 =item Constructor Options
23833 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
23834 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
23835 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>, C<< RawInflate => 0|1
23836 >>, C<< ParseExtra => 0|1 >> If the gzip FEXTRA header field is present and
23837 this option is set, it will force the module to check that it conforms to
23838 the sub-field structure as defined in RFC 1952
23860 =item getHeaderInfo
23874 =item input_line_number
23896 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
23898 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
23902 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Uncompress::Gunzip, IO::Uncompress::Gunzip -
23903 Read RFC 1952 files/buffers
23911 =item Functional Interface
23915 =item gunzip $input => $output [, OPTS]
23917 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
23918 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
23919 Reference, An Output FileGlob
23923 =item Optional Parameters
23925 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
23926 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
23938 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
23940 =item Constructor Options
23942 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
23943 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
23944 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>, C<< ParseExtra => 0|1
23945 >> If the gzip FEXTRA header field is present and this option is set, it
23946 will force the module to check that it conforms to the sub-field structure
23947 as defined in RFC 1952
23969 =item getHeaderInfo
23985 =item input_line_number
24007 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
24009 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
24013 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Uncompress::Inflate, IO::Uncompress::Inflate -
24014 Read RFC 1950 files/buffers
24022 =item Functional Interface
24026 =item inflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
24028 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
24029 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
24030 Reference, An Output FileGlob
24034 =item Optional Parameters
24036 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
24037 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
24049 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
24051 =item Constructor Options
24053 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
24054 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
24055 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
24077 =item getHeaderInfo
24091 =item input_line_number
24113 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
24115 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
24119 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Uncompress::RawInflate,
24120 IO::Uncompress::RawInflate - Read RFC 1951 files/buffers
24128 =item Functional Interface
24132 =item rawinflate $input => $output [, OPTS]
24134 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
24135 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
24136 Reference, An Output FileGlob
24140 =item Optional Parameters
24142 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
24143 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
24155 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
24157 =item Constructor Options
24159 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
24160 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
24161 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
24183 =item getHeaderInfo
24197 =item input_line_number
24219 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
24221 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
24225 =head2 IO_Compress_Zlib::IO::Uncompress::Unzip, IO::Uncompress::Unzip -
24226 Read zip files/buffers
24234 =item Functional Interface
24238 =item unzip $input => $output [, OPTS]
24240 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An array reference, An Input
24241 FileGlob string, A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference, An Array
24242 Reference, An Output FileGlob
24246 =item Optional Parameters
24248 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< BinModeOut => 0|1 >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>,
24249 C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< TrailingData => $scalar >>
24261 A filename, A filehandle, A scalar reference
24263 =item Constructor Options
24265 C<< AutoClose => 0|1 >>, C<< MultiStream => 0|1 >>, C<< Prime => $string
24266 >>, C<< Transparent => 0|1 >>, C<< BlockSize => $num >>, C<< InputLength =>
24267 $size >>, C<< Append => 0|1 >>, C<< Strict => 0|1 >>
24289 =item getHeaderInfo
24303 =item input_line_number
24325 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
24327 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
24331 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
24341 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
24342 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
24353 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
24367 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
24378 L<IPC::Open2>, L<IPC::Run>
24384 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
24394 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
24395 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
24396 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
24407 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
24425 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
24435 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
24436 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
24447 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
24458 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
24459 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
24460 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
24471 =head2 IPCmd, IPC::Cmd - finding and running system commands made easy
24479 =item CLASS METHODS
24483 =item $bool = IPC::Cmd->can_use_ipc_run( [VERBOSE] )
24491 =item $bool = IPC::Cmd->can_use_ipc_open3( [VERBOSE] )
24497 =item $bool = IPC::Cmd->can_capture_buffer
24507 =item $path = can_run( PROGRAM );
24515 =item $ok | ($ok, $err, $full_buf, $stdout_buff, $stderr_buff) = run(
24516 command => COMMAND, [verbose => BOOL, buffer => \$SCALAR] );
24518 command, verbose, buffer, success, errorcode, full_buffer, out_buffer,
24527 =item Global Variables
24531 =item $IPC::Cmd::VERBOSE
24533 =item $IPC::Cmd::USE_IPC_RUN
24535 =item $IPC::Cmd::USE_IPC_OPEN3
24537 =item $IPC::Cmd::WARN
24543 Whitespace, IO Redirect
24549 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
24555 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
24563 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
24564 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
24568 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
24576 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
24577 general-utility list subroutines
24585 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
24586 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
24590 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
24598 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
24599 general-utility scalar subroutines
24607 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
24608 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
24609 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
24621 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
24629 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
24633 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
24641 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
24649 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
24651 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
24653 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
24654 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
24656 =item QUERY ROUTINES
24658 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
24660 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
24666 =item rename_country
24674 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
24678 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
24679 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
24680 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
24681 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
24689 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
24690 identification (ISO 4217)
24700 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
24702 code2currency(), currency2code()
24704 =item QUERY ROUTINES
24706 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
24710 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
24714 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
24715 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
24723 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
24732 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
24734 code2language(), language2code()
24736 =item QUERY ROUTINES
24738 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
24742 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
24746 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
24747 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
24755 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
24763 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
24769 =item Construction Methods
24771 =item The "maketext" Method
24773 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
24775 =item Utility Methods
24777 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
24778 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
24779 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
24780 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
24782 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
24786 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
24788 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
24790 =item BRACKET NOTATION
24792 =item AUTO LEXICONS
24794 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
24796 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
24800 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
24806 =head2 Locale::Maketext::Simple - Simple interface to
24807 Locale::Maketext::Lexicon
24841 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
24851 =item The "MIT" License
24857 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
24865 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
24869 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
24871 =item The Linguistic View
24873 =item Breaking gettext
24875 =item Replacing gettext
24877 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
24879 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
24881 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
24883 =item Buzzword: Concision
24885 =item The Devil in the Details
24887 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
24895 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
24903 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
24907 =item SPECIAL CODES
24911 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
24913 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
24914 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
24916 =item QUERY ROUTINES
24918 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
24922 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
24926 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
24927 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
24935 =head2 Log::Message - A generic message storing mechanism;
24945 Log::Message, Log::Message::Item, Log::Message::Handlers,
24946 Log::Message::Config
24950 config, private, verbose, tag, level, remove, chrono
24970 message, tag, level, extra
24978 tag, level, message, amount, chrono, remove
25006 =item Acknowledgements
25012 =head2 Log::Message::Config - Configuration options for Log::Message
25024 =item Acknowledgements
25030 =head2 Log::Message::Handlers - Message handlers for Log::Message
25038 =item Default Handlers
25092 =item Custom Handlers
25098 =item Acknowledgements
25104 =head2 Log::Message::Item - Message objects for Log::Message
25112 =item Methods and Accessors
25140 =item Acknowledgements
25146 =head2 Log::Message::Simple
25158 =item msg("message string" [,VERBOSE])
25160 =item debug("message string" [,VERBOSE])
25162 =item error("error string" [,VERBOSE])
25182 =item CLASS METHODS
25186 =item Log::Message::Simple->stack()
25188 =item Log::Message::Simple->stack_as_string([TRACE])
25190 =item Log::Message::Simple->flush()
25198 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
25200 $ERROR_FH, $MSG_FH, $DEBUG_FH, $STACKTRACE_ON_ERROR
25204 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
25212 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
25216 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data, Wide
25217 character in subroutine entry
25227 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
25228 of quoted-printable strings
25236 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode),
25245 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
25254 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode),
25263 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
25273 =item Canonical notation
25277 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
25279 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
25283 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
25284 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
25314 =item Autocreating constants
25320 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
25330 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, brsft, Modifying and =, bpow, precision() vs.
25341 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer/float math package
25379 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
25381 =item is_pos()/is_neg()/is_positive()/is_negative()
25383 $x->is_pos(); # true if > 0
25384 $x->is_neg(); # true if < 0
25386 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
25480 =item as_int()/as_number()
25494 =item upgrade()/downgrade()
25502 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
25512 =item Rounding mode R
25514 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', 'common', Precision,
25515 Accuracy (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
25516 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
25521 =item Infinity and Not a Number
25523 oct()/hex(), log(-inf), exp(), cos(), sin(), atan2()
25533 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
25541 =item Autocreating constants
25547 =item Alternative math libraries
25553 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
25561 bsqrt(), div(), blog(), bexp()
25569 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
25574 bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling,
25575 Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types,
25586 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
25598 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
25602 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
25604 the same terms as Perl itself.
25612 =head2 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
25634 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
25636 the same terms as Perl itself.
25644 =head2 Math::BigInt::FastCalc - Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more
25659 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
25661 the same terms as Perl itself.
25669 =head2 Math::BigRat - Arbitrary big rational numbers
25691 =item denominator()
25693 $d = $x->denominator();
25699 =item as_int()/as_number()
25707 =item from_hex()/from_bin()/from_oct()
25719 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
25729 =item is_pos()/is_positive()
25731 =item is_neg()/is_negative()
25753 =item badd()/bmul()/bsub()/bdiv()/bdec()/binc()
25757 =item bstr()/bsstr()
25759 =item bacmp()/bcmp()
25761 =item blsft()/brsft()
25771 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
25772 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(),
25773 blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial)
25783 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
25800 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
25812 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
25814 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
25822 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
25830 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
25836 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
25838 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
25842 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
25844 deg2rad, grad2rad, rad2deg, grad2deg, deg2grad, rad2grad, rad2rad, deg2deg,
25847 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
25851 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
25853 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
25855 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
25856 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
25860 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
25864 =item great_circle_distance
25866 =item great_circle_direction
25868 =item great_circle_bearing
25870 =item great_circle_destination
25872 =item great_circle_midpoint
25874 =item great_circle_waypoint
25882 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
25892 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
25910 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
25912 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
25916 =item OTHER FACILITIES
25922 =item C<flush_cache>
25928 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
25930 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
25938 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
25944 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
25953 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
25964 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
25976 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
25984 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
25992 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
26001 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
26010 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
26018 =head2 Module::Build - Build and install Perl modules
26026 =item GUIDE TO DOCUMENTATION
26028 General Usage (L<Module::Build>), Authoring Reference
26029 (L<Module::Build::Authoring>), API Reference (L<Module::Build::API>),
26030 Cookbook (L<Module::Build::Cookbook>)
26034 build, clean, code, config_data, diff, dist, distcheck, distclean, distdir,
26035 distmeta, distsign, disttest, docs, fakeinstall, help, html, install,
26036 manifest, manpages, pardist, ppd, ppmdist, prereq_report, pure_install,
26037 realclean, retest, skipcheck, test, testall, testcover, testdb, testpod,
26038 testpodcoverage, versioninstall
26044 =item Command Line Options
26046 quiet, use_rcfile, verbose, allow_mb_mismatch
26048 =item Default Options File (F<.modulebuildrc>)
26052 =item INSTALL PATHS
26054 lib, arch, script, bin, bindoc, libdoc, binhtml, libhtml, installdirs,
26055 install_path, install_base, destdir, prefix
26071 =head2 Module::Build::API - API Reference for Module Authors
26081 current(), new(), add_to_cleanup, auto_features, autosplit, build_class,
26082 build_requires, create_packlist, c_source, conflicts, create_makefile_pl,
26083 create_readme, dist_abstract, dist_author, dist_name, dist_version,
26084 dist_version_from, dynamic_config, extra_compiler_flags,
26085 extra_linker_flags, get_options, type, store, default, include_dirs,
26086 install_path, installdirs, license, apache, artistic, bsd, gpl, lgpl, mit,
26087 mozilla, open_source, perl, restrictive, unrestricted, meta_add,
26088 meta_merge, module_name, PL_files, pm_files, pod_files, recommends,
26089 recursive_test_files, requires, script_files, sign, test_files, xs_files,
26090 new_from_context(%args), resume(), subclass()
26094 add_build_element($type), add_to_cleanup(@files), args(),
26095 autosplit_file($from, $to), base_dir(), build_requires(),
26096 check_installed_status($module, $version), check_installed_version($module,
26097 $version), compare_versions($v1, $op, $v2), config($key), config($key,
26098 $value), config() [deprecated], config_data($name), config_data($name =>
26099 $value), conflicts(), contains_pod($file), copy_if_modified(%parameters),
26100 create_build_script(), current_action(), depends_on(@actions),
26101 dir_contains($first_dir, $second_dir), dispatch($action, %args),
26102 dist_dir(), dist_name(), dist_version(), do_system($cmd, @args),
26103 feature($name), feature($name => $value), have_c_compiler(),
26104 install_base_relpaths(), install_base_relpaths($type),
26105 install_base_relpaths($type => $path), install_destination($type),
26106 install_path(), install_path($type), install_path($type => $path),
26107 install_types(), invoked_action(), notes(), notes($key), notes($key =>
26108 $value), orig_dir(), os_type(), is_vmsish(), is_windowsish(), is_unixish(),
26109 prefix_relpaths(), prefix_relpaths($installdirs),
26110 prefix_relpaths($installdirs, $type), prefix_relpaths($installdirs, $type
26111 => $path), prepare_metadata(), prereq_failures(), prereq_report(),
26112 prompt($message, $default), recommends(), requires(), rscan_dir($dir,
26113 $pattern), runtime_params(), runtime_params($key), script_files(),
26114 up_to_date($source_file, $derived_file), up_to_date(\@source_files,
26115 \@derived_files), y_n($message, $default)
26117 =item Autogenerated Accessors
26119 PL_files(), allow_mb_mismatch(), autosplit(), base_dir(), bindoc_dirs(),
26120 blib(), build_bat(), build_class(), build_elements(), build_requires(),
26121 build_script(), c_source(), config_dir(), conflicts(),
26122 create_makefile_pl(), create_packlist(), create_readme(), debugger(),
26123 destdir(), get_options(), html_css(), include_dirs(), install_base(),
26124 install_sets(), installdirs(), libdoc_dirs(), license(), magic_number(),
26125 mb_version(), meta_add(), meta_merge(), metafile(), module_name(),
26126 orig_dir(), original_prefix(), perl(), pm_files(), pod_files(), pollute(),
26127 prefix(), prereq_action_types(), quiet(), recommends(), recurse_into(),
26128 recursive_test_files(), requires(), scripts(), use_rcfile(), verbose(),
26141 =head2 Module::Build::Authoring - Authoring Module::Build modules
26151 =item PREREQUISITES
26155 =item Format of prerequisites
26159 =item SAVING CONFIGURATION INFORMATION
26161 =item STARTING MODULE DEVELOPMENT
26173 =head2 Module::Build::Base - Default methods for Module::Build
26189 =head2 Module::Build::Compat - Compatibility with ExtUtils::MakeMaker
26199 create_makefile_pl($style, $build), small, passthrough, traditional,
26200 run_build_pl(args => \@ARGV), args, script, write_makefile(), makefile
26212 =head2 Module::Build::ConfigData - Configuration for Module::Build
26222 config($name), feature($name), set_config($name, $value),
26223 set_feature($name, $value), config_names(), feature_names(),
26224 auto_feature_names(), write()
26230 =head2 Module::Build::Cookbook - Examples of Module::Build Usage
26236 =item BASIC RECIPES
26240 =item The basic installation recipe for modules that use Module::Build
26242 =item Making a CPAN.pm-compatible distribution
26244 =item Installing modules using the programmatic interface
26246 =item Installing to a temporary directory
26248 =item Installing to a non-standard directory
26250 =item Installing in the same location as ExtUtils::MakeMaker
26252 =item Running a single test file
26256 =item ADVANCED RECIPES
26260 =item Changing the order of the build process
26262 =item Adding new file types to the build process
26264 =item Adding new elements to the install process
26268 =item EXAMPLES ON CPAN
26272 =item SVN-Notify-Mirror
26274 1. Using C<auto_features>, I check to see whether two optional modules are
26275 available - SVN::Notify::Config and Net::SSH;, 2. If the S::N::Config
26276 module is loaded, I automatically generate testfiles for it during Build
26277 (using the C<PL_files> property), 3. If the C<ssh_feature> is available, I
26278 ask if the user wishes to perform the ssh tests (since it requires a little
26279 preliminary setup);, 4. Only if the user has C<ssh_feature> and answers yes
26280 to the testing, do I generate a test file
26282 =item Modifying an action
26294 =head2 Module::Build::ModuleInfo, ModuleInfo - Gather package and POD
26295 information from a perl module files
26301 new_from_file($filename, collect_pod => 1), new_from_module($module,
26302 collect_pod => 1, inc => \@dirs), name(), version($package), filename(),
26303 packages_inside(), pod_inside(), contains_pod(), pod($section),
26304 find_module_by_name($module, \@dirs), find_module_dir_by_name($module,
26315 =head2 Module::Build::Notes, $notes_name - Configuration for $module_name
26325 config(\$name), feature(\$name), set_config(\$name, \$value),
26326 set_feature(\$name, \$value), config_names(), feature_names(),
26327 auto_feature_names(), write()
26333 =head2 Module::Build::PPMMaker - Perl Package Manager file creation
26349 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::Amiga - Builder class for Amiga platforms
26361 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::Default - Stub class for unknown platforms
26373 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::EBCDIC - Builder class for EBCDIC platforms
26385 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::MPEiX - Builder class for MPEiX platforms
26397 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::MacOS - Builder class for MacOS platforms
26405 =item Overriden Methods
26407 new(), make_executable(), dispatch(), ACTION_realclean()
26417 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::RiscOS - Builder class for RiscOS platforms
26429 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::Unix - Builder class for Unix platforms
26441 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::VMS - Builder class for VMS platforms
26449 =item Overridden Methods
26483 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::VOS - Builder class for VOS platforms
26495 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::Windows - Builder class for Windows
26508 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::aix - Builder class for AIX platform
26520 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::cygwin - Builder class for Cygwin platform
26532 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::darwin - Builder class for Mac OS X
26545 =head2 Module::Build::Platform::os2 - Builder class for OS/2 platform
26557 =head2 Module::Build::YAML - Provides just enough YAML support so that
26558 Module::Build works even if YAML.pm is not installed
26572 =head2 Module::CoreList - what modules shipped with versions of perl
26592 =head2 Module::Load - runtime require of both modules and files
26610 =head2 Module::Load::Conditional - Looking up module information / loading
26621 =item $href = check_install( module => NAME [, version => VERSION, verbose
26624 module, version, verbose, file, version, uptodate
26630 =item $bool = can_load( modules => { NAME => VERSION [,NAME => VERSION] },
26631 [verbose => BOOL, nocache => BOOL] )
26633 modules, verbose, nocache
26639 =item @list = requires( MODULE );
26645 =item Global Variables
26649 =item $Module::Load::Conditional::VERBOSE
26651 =item $Module::Load::Conditional::FIND_VERSION
26653 =item $Module::Load::Conditional::CHECK_INC_HASH
26655 =item $Module::Load::Conditional::CACHE
26657 =item $Module::Load::Conditional::ERROR
26669 =head2 Module::Loaded - mark modules as loaded or unloaded
26681 =item $bool = mark_as_loaded( PACKAGE );
26689 =item $bool = mark_as_unloaded( PACKAGE );
26695 =item $loc = is_loaded( PACKAGE );
26707 =head2 Module::Pluggable - automatically give your module the ability to
26718 =item ADVANCED USAGE
26720 =item INNER PACKAGES
26768 =head2 Module::Pluggable::Object - automatically give your module the
26769 ability to have plugins
26787 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
26795 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
26801 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
26805 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
26809 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
26820 =item Enforcing redispatch
26822 =item Avoiding repetitions
26824 =item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
26826 =item Using C<EVERY> methods
26832 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
26838 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
26848 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
26851 =item CLASS METHODS
26853 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
26854 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
26855 ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
26865 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
26875 requires_firewall HOST
26877 =item NetConfig VALUES
26879 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
26880 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
26881 ftp_int_passive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
26885 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
26894 hostfqdn (), domainname (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
26902 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
26914 new ([ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
26918 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
26919 site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
26920 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [,
26921 RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ), ls (
26922 [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ),
26923 put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE
26924 ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ),
26925 size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[
26926 BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), feature ( NAME ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ]
26927 ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [
26928 PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
26929 pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait (
26930 NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
26934 =item Methods for the adventurous
26940 =item THE dataconn CLASS
26942 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
26943 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
26945 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
26947 B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
26949 =item REPORTING BUGS
26957 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/
26965 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
26975 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
26979 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
26980 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
26981 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
26982 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
26983 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
26984 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
26985 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
26989 =item Extension methods
26991 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
26992 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
26993 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
26994 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
27003 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
27013 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
27023 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] 0
27027 auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER
27028 [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), banner (), capa (), capabilities
27029 (), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ]
27030 ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ]
27031 ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
27043 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
27055 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
27056 ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
27057 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
27058 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
27059 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
27076 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
27088 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] )
27092 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), host (), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth (
27093 USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ),
27094 send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient (
27095 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS, [...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]]
27096 ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ),
27097 data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [
27098 $subject ] ), quit ()
27110 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
27118 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
27119 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
27127 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
27144 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
27152 =item Where to get this document
27154 =item How to contribute to this document
27158 =item Author and Copyright Information
27166 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
27170 =item What is libnet ?
27172 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
27174 =item What other modules do I need ?
27176 =item What machines support libnet ?
27178 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
27182 =item Using Net::FTP
27186 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
27188 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
27190 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
27192 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
27195 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
27197 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
27199 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
27201 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
27203 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
27205 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
27208 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
27210 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
27213 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
27216 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
27220 =item Using Net::SMTP
27224 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
27227 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
27229 =item The verify method always returns true ?
27233 =item Debugging scripts
27237 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
27241 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
27245 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
27262 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
27277 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
27294 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
27302 =item THE .netrc FILE
27304 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
27309 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
27313 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
27323 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
27333 =item IMPLEMENTATION
27341 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
27349 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
27355 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
27359 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
27363 =head2 Object::Accessor
27375 =item $object = Object::Accessor->new( [ARGS] );
27383 =item $bool = $object->mk_accessors( @ACCESSORS | \%ACCESSOR_MAP );
27389 =item @list = $self->ls_accessors;
27395 =item $ref = $self->ls_allow(KEY)
27401 =item $clone = $self->mk_clone;
27407 =item $bool = $self->mk_flush;
27413 =item $bool = $self->mk_verify;
27419 =item $bool = $self->register_callback( sub { ... } );
27425 =item $bool = $self->can( METHOD_NAME )
27431 =item $val = $self->___get( METHOD_NAME );
27437 =item $bool = $self->___set( METHOD_NAME => VALUE );
27443 =item LVALUE ACCESSORS
27449 Allow handlers, Callbacks
27457 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
27461 =item $Object::Accessor::FATAL
27463 =item $Object::Accessor::DEBUG
27471 =item Create read-only accessors
27483 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
27495 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
27497 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
27498 or optag, an operator set (opset)
27500 =item Opcode Functions
27502 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
27503 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
27504 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
27507 =item Manipulating Opsets
27509 =item TO DO (maybe)
27515 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
27517 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
27518 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
27519 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
27528 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
27537 a new namespace, an operator mask
27543 =item RECENT CHANGES
27545 =item Methods in class Safe
27547 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
27548 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
27549 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
27550 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
27552 =item Some Safety Issues
27554 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
27562 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
27575 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
27589 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
27590 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
27591 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
27592 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
27593 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
27594 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
27595 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
27596 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
27597 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
27598 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
27599 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
27600 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
27601 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
27602 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
27603 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
27604 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
27605 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
27606 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
27607 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
27608 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
27609 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
27610 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
27611 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
27612 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
27613 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
27620 =item POSIX::SigAction
27622 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
27626 %SIGRT, SIGRTMIN, SIGRTMAX
27628 =item POSIX::SigSet
27630 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
27632 =item POSIX::Termios
27634 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
27635 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
27636 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
27637 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
27638 values, c_oflag field values
27642 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
27646 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
27650 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
27704 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
27705 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
27709 =head2 Package::Constants - List all constants declared in a package
27717 =item CLASS METHODS
27721 =item @const = Package::Constants->list( PACKAGE_NAME );
27729 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
27733 =item $Package::Constants::DEBUG
27747 =head2 Params::Check - A generic input parsing/checking mechanism.
27757 default, required, strict_type, defined, no_override, store, allow
27763 =item check( \%tmpl, \%args, [$verbose] );
27765 Template, Arguments, Verbose
27773 =item allow( $test_me, \@criteria );
27775 string, regexp, subroutine, array ref
27787 =item Global Variables
27791 =item $Params::Check::VERBOSE
27793 =item $Params::Check::STRICT_TYPE
27795 =item $Params::Check::ALLOW_UNKNOWN
27797 =item $Params::Check::STRIP_LEADING_DASHES
27799 =item $Params::Check::NO_DUPLICATES
27801 =item $Params::Check::PRESERVE_CASE
27803 =item $Params::Check::ONLY_ALLOW_DEFINED
27805 =item $Params::Check::SANITY_CHECK_TEMPLATE
27807 =item $Params::Check::WARNINGS_FATAL
27809 =item $Params::Check::CALLER_DEPTH
27815 =item Acknowledgements
27821 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
27830 :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32
27834 =item Custom Layers
27838 =item Alternatives to raw
27840 =item Defaults and how to override them
27842 =item Querying the layers of filehandles
27852 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
27864 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO
27872 =item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
27876 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
27884 =item EXPECTED METHODS
27886 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
27887 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
27888 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
27889 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
27890 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
27891 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
27892 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
27893 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
27899 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
27905 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
27913 =item REQUIRED MODULES
27917 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
27923 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
27929 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
27935 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
27947 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
27948 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
27949 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
27950 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
27951 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
27952 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
27953 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
27954 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
27959 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
27960 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
27961 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
27962 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
27963 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
27964 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
27969 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
27970 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
27982 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
27984 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
27987 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
27989 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
27991 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
27993 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
27995 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
27997 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
28005 =head2 Pod::Escapes -- for resolving Pod EE<lt>...E<gt> sequences
28015 e2char($e_content), e2charnum($e_content), $Name2character{I<name>},
28016 $Name2character_number{I<name>}, $Latin1Code_to_fallback{I<integer>},
28017 $Latin1Char_to_fallback{I<character>}, $Code2USASCII{I<integer>}
28023 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
28029 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
28041 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
28043 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
28050 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
28056 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
28058 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
28065 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
28077 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
28091 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir,
28092 htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot,
28093 quiet, recurse, title, verbose
28111 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
28124 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
28125 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
28131 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
28155 =item B<was_cutting()>
28161 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
28167 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
28173 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
28179 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
28185 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
28191 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
28197 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
28203 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
28209 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
28215 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
28221 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
28227 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
28233 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
28239 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
28245 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
28251 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
28257 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
28263 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
28269 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
28275 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
28281 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
28287 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
28293 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
28299 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
28305 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
28311 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
28317 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
28323 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
28329 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
28341 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
28353 =item OBJECT METHODS
28361 =item Data Accessors
28377 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
28379 B<StartWithNewPage>
28393 =item Subclassed methods
28407 B<interior_sequence>
28423 =item Methods for headings
28431 =item Internal methods
28437 B<_replace_special_chars>
28439 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
28445 B<_clean_latex_commands>
28447 B<_split_delimited>
28463 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
28471 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
28476 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid quote specification
28485 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
28491 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
28503 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
28507 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
28521 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
28529 $list-E<gt>indent()
28537 $list-E<gt>parent()
28543 =item Pod::Hyperlink
28545 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
28549 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
28551 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
28555 $link-E<gt>warning()
28557 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
28563 $link-E<gt>alttext()
28573 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
28579 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
28583 =item Pod::Cache::Item
28585 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
28589 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
28591 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
28593 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
28595 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
28597 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
28599 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
28601 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
28611 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
28623 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
28625 =item PARSING OPTIONS
28627 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
28628 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
28634 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
28642 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
28648 =item B<verbatim()>
28650 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
28656 =item B<textblock()>
28658 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
28664 =item B<interior_sequence()>
28670 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
28682 =item B<initialize()>
28688 =item B<begin_pod()>
28694 =item B<begin_input()>
28700 =item B<end_input()>
28712 =item B<preprocess_line()>
28718 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
28724 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
28730 =item B<parse_text()>
28732 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
28733 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
28734 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
28740 =item B<interpolate()>
28746 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
28752 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
28758 =item B<parse_from_file()>
28764 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
28770 =item B<errorsub()>
28782 =item B<parseopts()>
28788 =item B<output_file()>
28794 =item B<output_handle()>
28800 =item B<input_file()>
28806 =item B<input_handle()>
28812 =item B<input_streams()>
28818 =item B<top_stream()>
28824 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
28830 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
28836 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
28842 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
28852 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
28862 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
28868 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
28880 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
28886 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
28898 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
28904 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
28914 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
28920 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
28930 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
28936 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
28948 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
28954 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
28968 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
28978 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
28984 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
28992 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
28996 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
28997 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
29009 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
29029 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
29042 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
29044 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
29050 =item OBJECT METHODS
29056 =item B<curr_headings()>
29068 =item B<add_selection()>
29074 =item B<clear_selections()>
29080 =item B<match_section()>
29086 =item B<is_selected()>
29092 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
29098 =item B<podselect()>
29100 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
29106 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
29112 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
29118 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
29124 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
29136 =head2 Pod::Simple - framework for parsing Pod
29146 C<< $parser = I<SomeClass>->new(); >>, C<< $parser->output_fh( *OUT ); >>,
29147 C<< $parser->output_string( \$somestring ); >>, C<< $parser->parse_file(
29148 I<$some_filename> ); >>, C<< $parser->parse_file( *INPUT_FH ); >>, C<<
29149 $parser->parse_string_document( I<$all_content> ); >>, C<<
29150 $parser->parse_lines( I<...@lines...>, undef ); >>, C<<
29151 $parser->content_seen >>, C<< I<SomeClass>->filter( I<$filename> ); >>, C<<
29152 I<SomeClass>->filter( I<*INPUT_FH> ); >>, C<< I<SomeClass>->filter(
29153 I<\$document_content> ); >>
29155 =item SECONDARY METHODS
29157 C<< $parser->no_whining( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->no_errata_section(
29158 I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->complain_stderr( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<<
29159 $parser->source_filename >>, C<< $parser->doc_has_started >>, C<<
29160 $parser->source_dead >>
29166 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29172 =head2 Pod::Simple::Checker -- check the Pod syntax of a document
29182 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29188 =head2 Pod::Simple::Debug -- put Pod::Simple into trace/debug mode
29202 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29208 =head2 Pod::Simple::DumpAsText -- dump Pod-parsing events as text
29218 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29224 =head2 Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML -- turn Pod into XML
29234 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29240 =head2 Pod::Simple::HTML - convert Pod to HTML
29248 =item CALLING FROM THE COMMAND LINE
29250 =item CALLING FROM PERL
29258 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29264 =head2 Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch - convert several Pod files to several HTML
29275 =item FROM THE COMMAND LINE
29281 $batchconv = Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch->new;, $batchconv->batch_convert(
29282 I<indirs>, I<outdir> );, $batchconv->batch_convert( undef , ...);,
29283 $batchconv->batch_convert( q{@INC}, ...);, $batchconv->batch_convert(
29284 \@dirs , ...);, $batchconv->batch_convert( "somedir" , ...);,
29285 $batchconv->batch_convert( 'somedir:someother:also' , ...);,
29286 $batchconv->batch_convert( ... , undef );, $batchconv->batch_convert( ... ,
29291 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
29293 $batchconv->verbose( I<nonnegative_integer> );, $batchconv->index(
29294 I<true-or-false> );, $batchconv->contents_file( I<filename> );,
29295 $batchconv->contents_page_start( I<HTML_string> );,
29296 $batchconv->contents_page_end( I<HTML_string> );, $batchconv->add_css( $url
29297 );, $batchconv->add_javascript( $url );, $batchconv->css_flurry(
29298 I<true-or-false> );, $batchconv->javascript_flurry( I<true-or-false> );,
29299 $batchconv->no_contents_links( I<true-or-false> );,
29300 $batchconv->html_render_class( I<classname> );
29304 =item NOTES ON CUSTOMIZATION
29310 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29316 =head2 Pod::Simple::LinkSection -- represent "section" attributes of L
29327 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29333 =head2 Pod::Simple::Methody -- turn Pod::Simple events into method calls
29341 =item METHOD CALLING
29345 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29351 =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParser -- a pull-parser interface to parsing Pod
29361 my $token = $parser->get_token, $parser->unget_token( $token ),
29362 $parser->unget_token( $token1, $token2, ... ), $parser->set_source(
29363 $filename ), $parser->set_source( $filehandle_object ),
29364 $parser->set_source( \$document_source ), $parser->set_source(
29365 \@document_lines ), $parser->parse_file(...),
29366 $parser->parse_string_document(...), $parser->filter(...),
29367 $parser->parse_from_file(...), my $title_string = $parser->get_title, my
29368 $title_string = $parser->get_short_title, $author_name =
29369 $parser->get_author, $description_name = $parser->get_description,
29370 $version_block = $parser->get_version
29376 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29382 =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken -- end-tokens from
29383 Pod::Simple::PullParser
29391 $token->tagname, $token->tagname(I<somestring>), $token->tag(...),
29392 $token->is_tag(I<somestring>) or $token->is_tagname(I<somestring>)
29396 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29402 =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken -- start-tokens from
29403 Pod::Simple::PullParser
29411 $token->tagname, $token->tagname(I<somestring>), $token->tag(...),
29412 $token->is_tag(I<somestring>) or $token->is_tagname(I<somestring>),
29413 $token->attr(I<attrname>), $token->attr(I<attrname>, I<newvalue>),
29418 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29424 =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken -- text-tokens from
29425 Pod::Simple::PullParser
29433 $token->text, $token->text(I<somestring>), $token->text_r()
29437 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29443 =head2 Pod::Simple::PullParserToken -- tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
29451 $token->type, $token->is_start, $token->is_text, $token->is_end,
29456 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29462 =head2 Pod::Simple::RTF -- format Pod as RTF
29470 =item FORMAT CONTROL ATTRIBUTES
29472 $parser->head1_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
29473 $parser->head2_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
29474 $parser->head3_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
29475 $parser->head4_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
29476 $parser->codeblock_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
29477 $parser->header_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
29478 $parser->normal_halfpoint_size( I<halfpoint_integer> );,
29479 $parser->no_proofing_exemptions( I<true_or_false> );, $parser->doc_lang(
29480 I<microsoft_decimal_language_code> )
29484 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29490 =head2 Pod::Simple::Search - find POD documents in directory trees
29502 $search->inc( I<true-or-false> );, $search->verbose( I<nonnegative-number>
29503 );, $search->limit_glob( I<some-glob-string> );, $search->callback(
29504 I<\&some_routine> );, $search->laborious( I<true-or-false> );,
29505 $search->shadows( I<true-or-false> );, $search->limit_re( I<some-regxp> );,
29506 $search->dir_prefix( I<some-string-value> );, $search->progress(
29507 I<some-progress-object> );, $name2path = $self->name2path;, $path2name =
29510 =item MAIN SEARCH METHODS
29514 =item C<< $search->survey( @directories ) >>
29516 C<name2path>, C<path2name>
29518 =item C<< $search->simplify_name( $str ) >>
29520 =item C<< $search->find( $pod ) >>
29522 =item C<< $search->find( $pod, @search_dirs ) >>
29524 =item C<< $self->contains_pod( $file ) >>
29534 =head2 Pod::Simple::Subclassing -- write a formatter as a Pod::Simple
29545 C<< $parser->_handle_element_start( I<element_name>, I<attr_hashref> ) >>,
29546 C<< $parser->_handle_element_end( I<element_name> ) >>, C<<
29547 $parser->_handle_text( I<text_string> ) >>, events with an element_name
29548 of Document, events with an element_name of Para, events with an
29549 element_name of B, C, F, or I, events with an element_name of S, events
29550 with an element_name of X, events with an element_name of L, events with an
29551 element_name of E or Z, events with an element_name of Verbatim, events
29552 with an element_name of head1 .. head4, events with an element_name of
29553 over-bullet, events with an element_name of over-number, events with an
29554 element_name of over-text, events with an element_name of over-block,
29555 events with an element_name of item-bullet, events with an element_name of
29556 item-number, events with an element_name of item-text, events with an
29557 element_name of for, events with an element_name of Data
29559 =item More Pod::Simple Methods
29561 C<< $parser->accept_targets( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<<
29562 $parser->accept_targets_as_text( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<<
29563 $parser->accept_codes( I<Codename>, I<Codename>... ) >>, C<<
29564 $parser->accept_directive_as_data( I<directive_name> ) >>, C<<
29565 $parser->accept_directive_as_verbatim( I<directive_name> ) >>, C<<
29566 $parser->accept_directive_as_processed( I<directive_name> ) >>, C<<
29567 $parser->nbsp_for_S( I<BOOLEAN> ); >>, C<< $parser->version_report() >>,
29568 C<< $parser->pod_para_count() >>, C<< $parser->line_count() >>, C<<
29569 $parser->nix_X_codes( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->merge_text(
29570 I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->code_handler( I<CODE_REF> ) >>, C<<
29571 $parser->cut_handler( I<CODE_REF> ) >>, C<< $parser->whine(
29572 I<linenumber>, I<complaint string> ) >>, C<< $parser->scream(
29573 I<linenumber>, I<complaint string> ) >>, C<< $parser->source_dead(1) >>,
29574 C<< $parser->hide_line_numbers( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->no_whining(
29575 I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->no_errata_section( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<<
29576 $parser->complain_stderr( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->bare_output(
29577 I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>, C<< $parser->preserve_whitespace( I<SOMEVALUE> ) >>
29581 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29587 =head2 Pod::Simple::Text -- format Pod as plaintext
29597 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29603 =head2 Pod::Simple::TextContent -- get the text content of Pod
29613 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29619 =head2 Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream -- turn Pod into XML
29629 =item ABOUT EXTENDING POD
29633 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29639 =head2 Pod::SimpleTree, Pod::Simple::SimpleTree -- parse Pod into a simple
29650 =item Tree Contents
29654 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
29660 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
29668 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
29672 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
29673 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s"
29681 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
29685 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
29699 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
29703 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
29718 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
29722 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
29737 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
29741 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
29750 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-sections>, C<-output>,
29751 C<-input>, C<-pathlist>, C<-noperldoc>
29759 =item Recommended Use
29767 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
29771 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
29779 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
29785 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
29789 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
29793 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
29801 a new namespace, an operator mask
29807 =item RECENT CHANGES
29809 =item Methods in class Safe
29811 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
29812 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
29813 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
29814 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
29816 =item Some Safety Issues
29818 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
29826 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
29834 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
29835 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
29836 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
29848 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
29858 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
29868 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
29878 =item The __DATA__ token
29880 =item SelfLoader autoloading
29882 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
29884 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
29886 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
29888 =item Classes and inherited methods.
29892 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
29898 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
29910 =item Escaping Magic Characters
29912 =item Configuration
29922 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
29923 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
29931 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
29932 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
29933 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
29934 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
29935 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
29939 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
29949 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
29953 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
29955 =item CODE REFERENCES
29957 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
29959 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
29961 =item ERROR REPORTING
29969 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
29970 I<serialized>, .., C<STORABLE_attach> I<class>, I<cloning>, I<serialized>
29974 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
29975 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
29983 =item Storable magic
29985 $info = Storable::file_magic( $filename ), C<version>, C<version_nv>,
29986 C<major>, C<minor>, C<hdrsize>, C<netorder>, C<byteorder>, C<intsize>,
29987 C<longsize>, C<ptrsize>, C<nvsize>, C<file>, $info = Storable::read_magic(
29988 $buffer ), $info = Storable::read_magic( $buffer, $must_be_file )
29998 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
30010 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
30024 =item Allowing fall-through
30026 =item Automating fall-through
30028 =item Alternative syntax
30030 =item Higher-order Operations
30046 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
30058 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
30070 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
30084 B<openlog($ident, $logopt, $facility)>, B<syslog($priority, $message)>,
30085 B<syslog($priority, $format, @args)>, B<Note>,
30086 B<setlogmask($mask_priority)>, B<setlogsock($sock_type)>,
30087 B<setlogsock($sock_type, $stream_location)> (added in Perl 5.004_02),
30088 B<Note>, B<closelog()>
30104 Invalid argument passed to setlogsock, no connection to syslog available,
30105 stream passed to setlogsock, but %s is not writable, stream passed to
30106 setlogsock, but could not find any device, tcp passed to setlogsock, but
30107 tcp service unavailable, syslog: expecting argument %s, syslog: invalid
30108 level/facility: %s, syslog: too many levels given: %s, syslog: too many
30109 facilities given: %s, syslog: level must be given, udp passed to
30110 setlogsock, but udp service unavailable, unix passed to setlogsock, but
30121 AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, RT: CPAN's request
30122 tracker, Search CPAN, Kobes' CPAN Search, Perl Documentation
30128 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3)
30143 B<openlog($ident, $logopt, $facility)>, B<syslog($priority, $message)>,
30144 B<syslog($priority, $format, @args)>, B<Note>,
30145 B<setlogmask($mask_priority)>, B<setlogsock($sock_type)>,
30146 B<setlogsock($sock_type, $stream_location)> (added in Perl 5.004_02),
30147 B<Note>, B<closelog()>
30163 Invalid argument passed to setlogsock, no connection to syslog available,
30164 stream passed to setlogsock, but %s is not writable, stream passed to
30165 setlogsock, but could not find any device, tcp passed to setlogsock, but
30166 tcp service unavailable, syslog: expecting argument %s, syslog: invalid
30167 level/facility: %s, syslog: too many levels given: %s, syslog: too many
30168 facilities given: %s, syslog: level must be given, udp passed to
30169 setlogsock, but udp service unavailable, unix passed to setlogsock, but
30180 AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, RT: CPAN's request
30181 tracker, Search CPAN, Kobes' CPAN Search, Perl Documentation
30187 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
30197 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
30198 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
30199 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
30203 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
30213 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
30217 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
30233 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
30235 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
30237 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
30239 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
30247 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
30255 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
30263 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
30273 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
30274 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
30282 =item Minimal set of supported functions
30284 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
30285 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
30287 =item Additional supported functions
30289 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
30299 =head2 Term::UI - Term::ReadLine UI made easy
30313 =item $reply = $term->get_reply( prompt => 'question?', [choices => \@list,
30314 default => $list[0], multi => BOOL, print_me => "extra text to print &
30315 record", allow => $ref] );
30323 =item $bool = $term->ask_yn( prompt => "your question", [default =>
30324 (y|1,n|0), print_me => "extra text to print & record"] )
30330 =item ($opts, $munged) = $term->parse_options( STRING );
30336 =item $str = $term->history_as_string
30342 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
30346 =item $Term::UI::VERBOSE
30348 =item $Term::UI::AUTOREPLY
30350 =item $Term::UI::INVALID
30352 =item $Term::UI::History::HISTORY_FH
30360 =item Basic get_reply sample
30362 =item get_reply with choices
30364 =item get_reply with choices and default
30366 =item get_reply using print_me & multi
30368 =item get_reply & allow
30370 =item an elaborate ask_yn sample
30382 =head2 Term::UI::History, Log::Message::Simple
30394 =item history("message string" [,VERBOSE])
30402 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
30414 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
30422 =item QUICK START GUIDE
30428 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
30429 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
30439 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
30445 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
30449 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
30461 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
30485 =item Setting up tests
30503 =item Running tests
30509 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
30511 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
30519 =item Other Testing Methods
30533 =item Test building utility methods
30553 B<no_diag>, B<no_ending>, B<no_header>
30567 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
30573 =item Test Status and Info
30609 =head2 Test::Builder::Module - Base class for test modules
30631 =head2 Test::Builder::Tester - test testsuites that have been built with
30654 test_test, title (synonym 'name', 'label'), skip_out, skip_err
30672 =head2 Test::Builder::Tester::Color - turn on colour in
30673 Test::Builder::Tester
30693 =head2 Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
30711 =item Configuration variables.
30713 C<$Test::Harness::Verbose>, C<$Test::Harness::switches>,
30714 C<$Test::Harness::Timer>
30718 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<List of Failed>
30726 =item runtests( @test_files )
30734 =item execute_tests( tests => \@test_files, out => \*FH )
30744 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
30745 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
30746 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
30747 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
30749 =item ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES THAT TEST::HARNESS SETS
30751 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_VERSION>
30753 =item ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES THAT AFFECT TEST::HARNESS
30755 C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>, C<HARNESS_DEBUG>,
30756 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_PERL>,
30757 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_TIMER>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>,
30758 C<HARNESS_STRAP_CLASS>
30770 AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, RT: CPAN's request
30771 tracker, Search CPAN
30781 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
30807 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
30825 =head2 Test::Harness::Point - object for tracking a single test point
30843 =item from_test_line( $line )
30855 =head2 Test::Harness::Results - object for tracking results from a single
30880 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
30904 =item $strap->analyze( $name, \@output_lines )
30912 =item $strap->analyze_file( $test_file )
30932 =head2 Test::Harness::TAP - Documentation for the TAP format
30940 =item THE TAP FORMAT
30942 =item HARNESS BEHAVIOR
30944 =item TESTS LINES AND THE PLAN
30950 =item The test line
30952 C<ok> or C<not ok>, Test number, Description, Directive, ok/not ok
30953 (required), Test number (recommended), Description (recommended), Directive
30954 (only when necessary)
30964 =item Skipping tests
30976 =item Anything else
30984 =item Common with explanation
30986 =item Unknown amount and failures
30990 =item Skipping a few
30992 =item Skipping everything
30994 =item Got spare tuits?
30996 =item Creative liberties
31006 Specify a test plan, Run tests, Skip tests in certain situations, Have TODO
31007 tests, Produce TAP compatible diagnostics
31015 phpt, PHPUnit, SimpleTest, Apache-Test
31021 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
31027 =head2 Test::Harness::Util - Utility functions for Test::Harness::*
31033 =item PUBLIC FUNCTIONS
31037 =item all_in( {parm => value, parm => value} )
31047 =item shuffle( @list )
31057 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
31067 =item I love it when a plan comes together
31077 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
31109 =item Complex data structures
31125 =item Conditional tests
31131 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
31133 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
31145 =item Discouraged comparison functions
31157 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
31167 =item CAVEATS and NOTES
31169 Backwards compatibility, Overloaded objects, Threads, Test::Harness upgrade
31183 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
31207 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
31216 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
31224 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
31226 =item Where to start?
31230 =item Test the manual
31232 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
31234 =item Testing lots of values
31236 =item Informative names
31238 =item Skipping tests
31242 =item Testing with taint mode.
31254 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
31266 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
31276 =item General behaviour in list contexts
31280 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
31282 =item A note about prefixes
31284 =item C<extract_delimited>
31286 =item C<extract_bracketed>
31288 =item C<extract_variable>
31292 =item C<extract_tagged>
31294 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
31295 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
31297 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
31299 =item C<extract_quotelike>
31301 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
31303 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
31305 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
31307 =item C<extract_codeblock>
31309 =item C<extract_multiple>
31311 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
31313 =item C<delimited_pat>
31319 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
31320 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
31321 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
31322 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
31323 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
31324 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
31325 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
31326 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
31327 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
31328 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
31329 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
31330 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
31335 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
31341 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
31356 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
31375 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
31390 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
31406 =head2 Thread - Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
31420 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
31421 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait
31422 VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
31426 join, detach, equal, tid, done
31430 lock(\&sub), eval, flags
31436 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
31444 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
31446 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
31452 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
31460 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
31462 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
31466 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
31474 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
31475 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
31476 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
31477 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
31485 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
31505 =item Option Format
31509 =item Public Methods
31517 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
31523 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
31525 =item Deferred Writing
31529 =item Autodeferring
31533 =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
31539 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
31553 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
31562 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
31563 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
31564 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
31565 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
31567 =item MORE INFORMATION
31569 =item COMPATIBILITY
31573 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
31582 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
31583 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR
31586 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
31588 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
31590 =item C<SCALAR>, C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
31592 =item MORE INFORMATION
31596 =head2 Tie::Hash::NamedCapture - Named regexp capture buffers
31608 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
31616 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
31626 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
31636 =item THREAD SUPPORT
31638 =item STORABLE SUPPORT
31640 =item RELIC SUPPORT
31650 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
31659 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
31661 =item MORE INFORMATION
31665 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
31677 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
31686 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), nanosleep ( $nanoseconds ), ualarm (
31687 $useconds [, $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep (
31688 $floating_seconds ), alarm ( $floating_seconds [,
31689 $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer ( $which, $floating_seconds [,
31690 $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer ( $which ), clock_gettime (
31691 $which ), clock_getres ( $which ), clock_nanosleep ( $which, $nanoseconds,
31692 $flags = 0), clock(), stat, stat FH, stat EXPR
31702 =item useconds or interval more than ...
31704 =item negative time not invented yet
31706 =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
31716 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
31720 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
31732 =item Year Value Interpretation
31734 =item Limits of time_t
31736 =item Ambiguous Local Times (DST)
31738 =item Non-Existent Local Times (DST)
31740 =item Negative Epoch Values
31744 =item IMPLEMENTATION
31754 =head2 Time::Piece - Object Oriented time objects
31766 =item Local Locales
31768 =item Date Calculations
31770 =item Date Comparisons
31774 =item YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
31778 =item Global Overriding
31792 =head2 Time::Piece::Seconds, Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert
31793 seconds to other date values
31811 =head2 Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert seconds to other date values
31829 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
31844 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
31859 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
31871 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
31879 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< eval { VAL->isa(
31880 TYPE ) } >>, C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->DOES( ROLE ) >>,
31881 C<< CLASS->DOES( ROLE ) >>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<< CLASS->can(
31882 METHOD ) >>, C<< eval { VAL->can( METHOD ) } >>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
31888 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
31898 =item Constructor and Tailoring
31900 UCA_Version, alternate, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreChar,
31901 ignoreName, katakana_before_hiragana, level, normalization, overrideCJK,
31902 overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefChar, undefName,
31903 upper_before_lower, variable
31905 =item Methods for Collation
31907 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
31908 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
31909 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
31910 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
31911 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
31912 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
31913 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
31915 =item Methods for Searching
31917 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
31918 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
31919 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
31920 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
31921 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
31922 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
31923 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
31925 =item Other Methods
31927 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, C<$version =
31928 $Collator-E<gt>version()>, C<UCA_Version()>, C<Base_Unicode_Version()>
31938 Normalization, Conformance Test
31940 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
31944 Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation
31945 Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable
31946 Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15
31950 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
31960 =item Normalization Forms
31962 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
31963 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
31964 C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>, C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>,
31965 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
31967 =item Decomposition and Composition
31969 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string [, $useCompatMapping])>,
31970 C<$reordered_string = reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string =
31975 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
31976 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
31977 checkFCD($string)>, C<$result = checkFCC($string)>, C<$result =
31978 check($form_name, $string)>
31980 =item Character Data
31982 C<$canonical_decomposition = getCanon($code_point)>,
31983 C<$compatibility_decomposition = getCompat($code_point)>,
31984 C<$code_point_composite = getComposite($code_point_here,
31985 $code_point_next)>, C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($code_point)>,
31986 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($code_point)>,
31987 C<$is_exclusion = isExclusion($code_point)>, C<$is_singleton =
31988 isSingleton($code_point)>, C<$is_non_starter_decomposition =
31989 isNonStDecomp($code_point)>, C<$is_Full_Composition_Exclusion =
31990 isComp_Ex($code_point)>, C<$NFD_is_NO = isNFD_NO($code_point)>,
31991 C<$NFC_is_NO = isNFC_NO($code_point)>, C<$NFC_is_MAYBE =
31992 isNFC_MAYBE($code_point)>, C<$NFKD_is_NO = isNFKD_NO($code_point)>,
31993 C<$NFKC_is_NO = isNFKC_NO($code_point)>, C<$NFKC_is_MAYBE =
31994 isNFKC_MAYBE($code_point)>
32002 Perl's version vs. Unicode version, Correction of decomposition mapping,
32003 Revised definition of canonical composition
32009 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/,
32010 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/CompositionExclusions.txt,
32011 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt,
32012 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/NormalizationCorrections.txt,
32013 http://www.unicode.org/review/pr-29.html, http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/
32017 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
32059 =item Blocks versus Scripts
32061 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
32063 =item Code Point Arguments
32071 =item general_categories
32107 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
32113 =item Implementation Note
32125 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
32140 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
32151 =item System Specifics
32165 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
32173 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
32175 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
32176 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::CreateDirectory(DIRECTORY),
32177 Win32::CreateFile(FILE), Win32::DomainName(),
32178 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
32179 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE),
32180 Win32::GetANSIPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetArchName(),
32181 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetCurrentThreadId(),
32182 Win32::GetFileVersion(FILENAME), Win32::GetFolderPath(FOLDER [, CREATE]),
32183 Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(),
32184 Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(),
32185 Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
32186 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
32187 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::GuidGen(), Win32::IsAdminUser(),
32188 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
32189 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
32190 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
32191 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
32192 Win32::OutputDebugString(STRING), Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME),
32193 Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
32194 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
32195 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
32201 =head2 Win32API::File - Low-level access to Win32 system API calls for
32212 =item Object Oriented/Tied Handle Interface
32216 C<":Func">, attrLetsToBits, C<$uBits= attrLetsToBits( $sAttributeLetters
32217 )>, C<"a">, C<"c">, C<"h">, C<"o">, C<"r">, C<"s">, C<"t">, createFile,
32218 C<$hObject= createFile( $sPath )>, C<$hObject= createFile( $sPath,
32219 $rvhvOptions )>, C<$hObject= createFile( $sPath, $svAccess )>, C<$hObject=
32220 createFile( $sPath, $svAccess, $rvhvOptions )>, C<$hObject= createFile(
32221 $sPath, $svAccess, $svShare )>, C<$hObject= createFile( $sPath, $svAccess,
32222 $svShare, $rvhvOptions )>, C<"q">, C<"r">, C<"w">, C<"k">, C<"t">, C<"n">,
32223 C<"c">, C<"e">, C<"kc">, C<"ke">, C<"tc">, C<"te">, C<"nc">, C<"ne">, Flags
32224 => $uFlags, Attributes => $sAttributes, Security => $pSecurityAttributes,
32225 Model => $hModelFile, Access => $sAccess, Access => $uAccess, Create =>
32226 $sCreate, Create => $uCreate, Share => $sShare, Share => $uShare,
32227 getLogicalDrives, C<@roots= getLogicalDrives()>, CloseHandle,
32228 C<CloseHandle( $hObject )>, CopyFile, C<CopyFile( $sOldFileName,
32229 $sNewFileName, $bFailIfExists )>, CreateFile, C<$hObject= CreateFile(
32230 $sPath, $uAccess, $uShare, $pSecAttr, $uCreate, $uFlags, $hModel )>,
32231 C<"//./PhysicalDrive0">, C<"//./C:">, C<"//./A:">, C<"//./PIPE/PipeName">,
32232 DefineDosDevice, C<DefineDosDevice( $uFlags, $sDosDeviceName, $sTargetPath
32233 )>, C<DDD_RAW_TARGET_PATH>, C<DDD_REMOVE_DEFINITION>,
32234 C<DDD_EXACT_MATCH_ON_REMOVE>, DeleteFile, C<DeleteFile( $sFileName )>,
32235 DeviceIoControl, C<DeviceIoControl( $hDevice, $uIoControlCode, $pInBuf,
32236 $lInBuf, $opOutBuf, $lOutBuf, $olRetBytes, $pOverlapped )>, FdGetOsFHandle,
32237 C<$hNativeHandle= FdGetOsFHandle( $ivFd )>, fileConstant, C<$value=
32238 fileConstant( $sConstantName )>, fileLastError, C<$svError=
32239 fileLastError();>, C<fileLastError( $uError );>, GetDriveType,
32240 C<$uDriveType= GetDriveType( $sRootPath )>, C<DRIVE_UNKNOWN>,
32241 C<DRIVE_NO_ROOT_DIR>, C<DRIVE_REMOVABLE>, C<DRIVE_FIXED>, C<DRIVE_REMOTE>,
32242 C<DRIVE_CDROM>, C<DRIVE_RAMDISK>, GetFileAttributes, C<$uAttrs =
32243 GetFileAttributes( $sPath )>, C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE>,
32244 C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED>, C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE>,
32245 C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY>, C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED>,
32246 C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN>, C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL>,
32247 C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED>, C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE>,
32248 C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY>, C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT>,
32249 C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE>, C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM>,
32250 C<FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY>, GetFileType, C<$uFileType= GetFileType( $hFile
32251 )>, C<FILE_TYPE_UNKNOWN>, C<FILE_TYPE_DISK>, C<FILE_TYPE_CHAR>,
32252 C<FILE_TYPE_PIPE>, getFileSize, C<$size= getFileSize( $hFile )>,
32253 GetFileSize, C<$iSizeLow= GetFileSize($win32Handle, $iSizeHigh)>,
32254 GetOverlappedResult, C<$bRetval= GetOverlappedResult( $win32Handle,
32255 $pOverlapped, $numBytesTransferred, $bWait )>, GetLogicalDrives,
32256 C<$uDriveBits= GetLogicalDrives()>, GetLogicalDriveStrings, C<$olOutLength=
32257 GetLogicalDriveStrings( $lBufSize, $osBuffer )>, GetHandleInformation,
32258 C<GetHandleInformation( $hObject, $ouFlags )>, GetOsFHandle,
32259 C<$hNativeHandle= GetOsFHandle( FILE )>, GetVolumeInformation,
32260 C<GetVolumeInformation( $sRootPath, $osVolName, $lVolName, $ouSerialNum,
32261 $ouMaxNameLen, $ouFsFlags, $osFsType, $lFsType )>, C<FS_CASE_IS_PRESERVED>,
32262 C<FS_CASE_SENSITIVE>, C<FS_UNICODE_STORED_ON_DISK>, C<FS_PERSISTENT_ACLS>,
32263 C<FS_FILE_COMPRESSION>, C<FS_VOL_IS_COMPRESSED>, IsRecognizedPartition,
32264 C<IsRecognizedPartition( $ivPartitionType )>, IsContainerPartition,
32265 C<IsContainerPartition( $ivPartitionType )>, MoveFile, C<MoveFile(
32266 $sOldName, $sNewName )>, MoveFileEx, C<MoveFileEx( $sOldName, $sNewName,
32267 $uFlags )>, C<MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING>, C<MOVEFILE_COPY_ALLOWED>,
32268 C<MOVEFILE_DELAY_UNTIL_REBOOT>, C<MOVEFILE_WRITE_THROUGH>, OsFHandleOpen,
32269 C<OsFHandleOpen( FILE, $hNativeHandle, $sMode )>, OsFHandleOpenFd, C<$ivFD=
32270 OsFHandleOpenFd( $hNativeHandle, $uMode )>, QueryDosDevice, C<$olTargetLen=
32271 QueryDosDevice( $sDosDeviceName, $osTargetPath, $lTargetBuf )>, ReadFile,
32272 C<ReadFile( $hFile, $opBuffer, $lBytes, $olBytesRead, $pOverlapped )>,
32273 SetErrorMode, C<$uOldMode= SetErrorMode( $uNewMode )>,
32274 C<SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS>, C<SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT>,
32275 C<SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX>, C<SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX>, setFilePointer,
32276 C<$uNewPos = setFilePointer( $hFile, $ivOffset, $uFromWhere )>,
32277 SetFilePointer, C<$uNewPos = SetFilePointer( $hFile, $ivOffset,
32278 $ioivOffsetHigh, $uFromWhere )>, SetHandleInformation,
32279 C<SetHandleInformation( $hObject, $uMask, $uFlags )>, WriteFile,
32280 C<WriteFile( $hFile, $pBuffer, $lBytes, $ouBytesWritten, $pOverlapped )>,
32281 C<":FuncA">, C<":FuncW">, CopyFileW, C<CopyFileW( $swOldFileName,
32282 $swNewFileName, $bFailIfExists )>, CreateFileW, C<$hObject= CreateFileW(
32283 $swPath, $uAccess, $uShare, $pSecAttr, $uCreate, $uFlags, $hModel )>,
32284 DefineDosDeviceW, C<DefineDosDeviceW( $uFlags, $swDosDeviceName,
32285 $swTargetPath )>, DeleteFileW, C<DeleteFileW( $swFileName )>,
32286 GetDriveTypeW, C<$uDriveType= GetDriveTypeW( $swRootPath )>,
32287 GetFileAttributesW, C<$uAttrs= GetFileAttributesW( $swPath )>,
32288 GetLogicalDriveStringsW, C<$olwOutLength= GetLogicalDriveStringsW(
32289 $lwBufSize, $oswBuffer )>, GetVolumeInformationW, C<GetVolumeInformationW(
32290 $swRootPath, $oswVolName, $lwVolName, $ouSerialNum, $ouMaxNameLen,
32291 $ouFsFlags, $oswFsType, $lwFsType )>, MoveFileW, C<MoveFileW( $swOldName,
32292 $swNewName )>, MoveFileExW, C<MoveFileExW( $swOldName, $swNewName, $uFlags
32293 )>, QueryDosDeviceW, C<$olwTargetLen= QueryDosDeviceW( $swDeviceName,
32294 $oswTargetPath, $lwTargetBuf )>, C<":Misc">, C<":DDD_">, C<":DRIVE_">,
32295 C<":FILE_">, C<":FILE_ATTRIBUTE_">, C<":FILE_FLAG_">, C<":FILE_SHARE_">,
32296 C<":FILE_TYPE_">, C<":FS_">, C<":HANDLE_FLAG_">, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT,
32297 HANDLE_FLAG_PROTECT_FROM_CLOSE, C<":IOCTL_STORAGE_">,
32298 C<IOCTL_STORAGE_CHECK_VERIFY>, C<IOCTL_STORAGE_MEDIA_REMOVAL>,
32299 C<IOCTL_STORAGE_EJECT_MEDIA>, C<IOCTL_STORAGE_LOAD_MEDIA>,
32300 C<IOCTL_STORAGE_RESERVE>, C<IOCTL_STORAGE_RELEASE>,
32301 C<IOCTL_STORAGE_FIND_NEW_DEVICES>, C<IOCTL_STORAGE_GET_MEDIA_TYPES>,
32302 C<$ucCylsLow[$i]>, C<$ivcCylsHigh[$i]>, C<$uMediaType[$i]>,
32303 C<$uTracksPerCyl[$i]>, C<$uSectsPerTrack[$i]>, C<$uBytesPerSect[$i]>,
32304 C<":IOCTL_DISK_">, C<IOCTL_DISK_GET_DRIVE_GEOMETRY>, C<$ucCylsLow>,
32305 C<$ivcCylsHigh>, C<$uMediaType>, C<$uTracksPerCyl>, C<$uSectsPerTrack>,
32306 C<$uBytesPerSect>, C<IOCTL_DISK_GET_PARTITION_INFO>, C<$uStartLow> and
32307 C<$ivStartHigh>, C<$ucHiddenSects>, C<$uPartitionSeqNumber>,
32308 C<$uPartitionType>, C<$bActive>, C<$bRecognized>, C<$bToRewrite>,
32309 C<IOCTL_DISK_SET_PARTITION_INFO>, C<IOCTL_DISK_GET_DRIVE_LAYOUT>,
32310 C<$cPartitions>, C<$uDiskSignature>, C<IOCTL_DISK_GET_MEDIA_TYPES>,
32311 C<IOCTL_DISK_SET_DRIVE_LAYOUT>, C<IOCTL_DISK_VERIFY>, C<$uStartOffsetLow>
32312 and C<$ivStartOffsetHigh>, C<$uLength>, C<IOCTL_DISK_FORMAT_TRACKS>,
32313 C<IOCTL_DISK_REASSIGN_BLOCKS>, C<IOCTL_DISK_PERFORMANCE>,
32314 C<IOCTL_DISK_IS_WRITABLE>, C<IOCTL_DISK_LOGGING>, DISK_LOGGING_START,
32315 DISK_LOGGING_STOP, DISK_LOGGING_DUMP, DISK_LOGGING_BINNING,
32316 C<IOCTL_DISK_FORMAT_TRACKS_EX>, C<IOCTL_DISK_HISTOGRAM_STRUCTURE>,
32317 C<IOCTL_DISK_HISTOGRAM_DATA>, C<IOCTL_DISK_HISTOGRAM_RESET>,
32318 C<IOCTL_DISK_REQUEST_STRUCTURE>, C<IOCTL_DISK_REQUEST_DATA>, C<":FSCTL_">,
32319 C<FSCTL_SET_REPARSE_POINT>, C<FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT>,
32320 C<FSCTL_DELETE_REPARSE_POINT>, C<":GENERIC_">, C<":MEDIA_TYPE">,
32321 C<Unknown>, C<F5_1Pt2_512>, C<F3_1Pt44_512>, C<F3_2Pt88_512>,
32322 C<F3_20Pt8_512>, C<F3_720_512>, C<F5_360_512>, C<F5_320_512>,
32323 C<F5_320_1024>, C<F5_180_512>, C<F5_160_512>, C<RemovableMedia>,
32324 C<FixedMedia>, C<F3_120M_512>, C<":MOVEFILE_">, C<":SECURITY_">,
32325 C<":SEM_">, C<":PARTITION_">, C<":ALL">
32337 =head2 Win32CORE - Win32 CORE function stubs
32347 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
32359 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
32361 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
32365 =item Order of initialization: early load()
32369 =item The most hairy case
32375 C<Can't find '%s' symbol in %s>, C<Can't load '%s' for module %s: %s>,
32376 C<Undefined symbols present after loading %s: %s>,
32377 C<XSLoader::load('Your::Module', $Your::Module::VERSION)>
32391 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
32393 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
32394 don't all have manual pages yet:
32428 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles