4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
21 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
22 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
23 Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
24 implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
25 expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
41 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/04/23
46 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
47 About Perl, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L<perlfaq3>:
48 Programming Tools, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, L<perlfaq5>: Files and
49 Formats, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues,
50 L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, L<perlfaq9>: Networking
54 =item Where to get this document
56 =item How to contribute to this document
58 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
65 =item Author and Copyright Information
69 =item Noncommercial Reproduction
71 =item Commercial Reproduction
79 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial
82 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.11 $, $Date:
83 1997/03/19 17:23:09 $)
91 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
93 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
95 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
97 =item How stable is Perl?
99 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
101 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
104 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
106 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
108 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
110 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
112 =item What is a JAPH?
114 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
116 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
117 (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
121 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
123 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.16 $,
124 $Date: 1997/04/23 18:04:09 $)
130 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
132 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
134 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
136 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
139 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
140 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
142 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
143 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
145 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
147 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
149 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
151 =item Where should I post source code?
155 =item Perl in Magazines
157 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
159 =item What mailing lists are there for perl?
161 MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
163 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
167 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
169 =item Where do I send bug reports?
171 =item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
173 =item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
177 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
179 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/23
186 =item How do I do (anything)?
188 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
190 =item Is there a Perl shell?
192 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
194 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
196 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
198 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
200 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
202 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
204 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
206 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
208 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
210 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
212 =item Can I dynamically load C routines into Perl?
214 =item What is undump?
216 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
218 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
220 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
222 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
224 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
226 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
228 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
230 =item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
232 =item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
234 =item Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
236 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
238 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
240 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
242 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
243 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
245 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
248 =item What's MakeMaker?
252 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
254 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 1997/04/23
263 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
264 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
266 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
268 =item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()?
271 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
273 =item How do I multiply matrices?
275 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
277 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
279 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
287 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
289 =item How can I compare two date strings?
291 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
293 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
295 =item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
303 =item How do I validate input?
305 =item How do I unescape a string?
307 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
309 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
311 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
313 =item How do I reverse a string?
315 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
317 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
319 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
321 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
323 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
326 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
328 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
329 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
331 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
333 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
335 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
337 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
339 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
341 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
343 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
344 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
353 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
355 =item How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
357 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:, b) If you don't know
358 whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:,
359 d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in
360 contains only small positive integers:
362 =item How can I tell whether an array contains a certain element?
364 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
365 intersection of two arrays?
367 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
369 =item How do I handle linked lists?
371 =item How do I handle circular lists?
373 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
375 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
377 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
379 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
381 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
383 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
385 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
389 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
393 =item How do I process an entire hash?
395 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
398 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
400 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
402 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
404 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
406 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
408 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
410 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
412 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
414 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
416 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
418 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
421 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash
422 or array of hashes or arrays?
424 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
432 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
434 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
436 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
438 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
440 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
442 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
446 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
448 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/23
455 =item How do I flush/unbuffer a filehandle? Why must I do this?
457 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
458 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
460 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
462 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
464 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
466 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
467 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
469 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
471 =item How can I write() into a string?
473 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
475 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
477 =item How come when I open the file read-write it wipes it out?
479 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
481 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
483 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
485 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
487 =item How can I lock a file?
489 =item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
491 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number
492 in the file. How can I do this?
494 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
496 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
498 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
500 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
502 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
504 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
506 =item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
508 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
510 =item How do I create a file only if it doesn't exist?
512 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
514 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
516 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
518 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
519 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
521 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
523 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
524 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
526 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
530 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
532 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 1997/03/25 18:16:56 $)
538 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
539 and unmaintainable code?
541 Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
544 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
546 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
549 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
551 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
554 =item How can I make C<\w> match accented characters?
556 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
558 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
560 =item What is C</o> really for?
562 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
565 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
567 =item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
569 =item How do I process each word on each line?
571 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
573 =item How can I do approximate matching?
575 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
577 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
579 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
581 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
583 =item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
585 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
587 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
591 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
593 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date:
594 1997/03/19 17:25:23 $)
600 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
602 =item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
605 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
608 =item How do I skip some return values?
610 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
612 =item What's an extension?
614 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
616 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
618 =item How do I create a module?
620 =item How do I create a class?
622 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
624 =item What's a closure?
626 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
628 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
631 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps,
634 =item How do I create a static variable?
636 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
637 Between local() and my()?
639 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
642 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
644 =item Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
646 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
648 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
650 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
652 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
654 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
656 =item How can I find out my current package?
658 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
662 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
664 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 1997/04/23
671 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
673 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
675 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
677 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
679 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
681 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
683 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
685 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
687 =item How do I start a process in the background?
689 STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
691 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
693 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
695 =item How do I set the time and date?
697 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
699 =item How can I measure time under a second?
701 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
703 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
704 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
706 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
708 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
710 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
712 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
714 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
716 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
718 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
720 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
722 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
724 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
727 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
729 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
731 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
733 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
736 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
737 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
738 changes to be visible?
742 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
745 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
747 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
749 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
751 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
753 =item How do I set CPU limits?
755 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
757 =item How do I use an SQL database?
759 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
761 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
763 =item How do I install a CPAN module?
765 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
767 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
770 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
774 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
776 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 1997/04/23 18:12:06
783 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
786 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
788 =item How do I extract URLs?
790 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
791 file on another machine?
793 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
795 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
797 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
799 =item How do I redirect to another page?
801 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
803 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
805 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
806 CGI script to do bad things?
808 =item How do I parse an email header?
810 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
812 =item How do I check a valid email address?
814 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
816 =item How do I return the user's email address?
818 =item How do I send/read mail?
820 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
822 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
824 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
826 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
830 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
832 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
836 =item Supported Environments
842 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
844 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
846 =item Limitations on B<-M>, and C<-m>, and B<-T> options
848 =item More precise warnings
850 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
852 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
854 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
856 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
858 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
860 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
862 =item Changes to tainting checks
864 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
866 =item Embedding improvements
868 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
870 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
872 =item New and changed builtin variables
876 =item New and changed builtin functions
878 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
879 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
880 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//g> does not
881 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
882 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
884 =item New builtin methods
886 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
888 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
890 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
891 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
893 =item Malloc enhancements
895 -DDEBUGGING_MSTATS, -DEMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
897 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
903 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
904 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
910 =item Required Updates
912 =item Installation directories
914 =item Module information summary
928 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
932 =item Utility Changes
938 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
942 =item C Language API Changes
944 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
947 =item Documentation Changes
949 L<perldelta>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, L<perldebug>,
952 =item New Diagnostics
954 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
955 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
956 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
957 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
958 Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot
959 resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine
960 %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return
961 a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long,
962 Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s,
963 Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal
964 error: glob failed, Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack:
965 '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in
966 formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during
967 request for %s, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible
968 attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written
969 as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in
970 package `%s', Too late for "B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner
971 references still exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function
972 fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s
973 can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable
974 "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical
975 name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed
976 PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s
984 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
996 =item Scalar value constructors
998 =item List value constructors
1000 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1004 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1012 =item Simple statements
1014 =item Compound statements
1022 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1026 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1028 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1032 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1040 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1042 =item The Arrow Operator
1044 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1046 =item Exponentiation
1048 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1050 =item Binding Operators
1052 =item Multiplicative Operators
1054 =item Additive Operators
1056 =item Shift Operators
1058 =item Named Unary Operators
1060 =item Relational Operators
1062 =item Equality Operators
1066 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1068 =item C-style Logical And
1070 =item C-style Logical Or
1072 =item Range Operator
1074 =item Conditional Operator
1076 =item Assignment Operators
1078 =item Comma Operator
1080 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1086 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
1088 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1090 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1092 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1094 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1096 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1097 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1098 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1099 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
1103 =item Constant Folding
1105 =item Integer Arithmetic
1107 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1111 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1119 =item Regular Expressions
1121 (?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
1125 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1127 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
1131 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1139 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1141 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
1145 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
1146 B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1147 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1148 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1149 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1150 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
1156 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB,
1157 PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1159 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1163 I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
1167 =item Perl Functions by Category
1169 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1170 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1171 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1172 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1173 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1174 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1175 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1176 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1177 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1178 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1181 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1183 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1184 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1185 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1186 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1187 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1188 close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
1189 cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE,
1190 defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
1191 SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (),
1192 eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR,
1193 exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
1194 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
1195 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
1196 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
1197 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
1198 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
1199 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
1200 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
1201 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
1202 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
1203 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
1204 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
1205 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
1206 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
1207 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst
1208 EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
1209 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log EXPR, log, lstat
1210 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir
1211 FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS,
1212 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST,
1213 oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1214 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, pipe
1215 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
1216 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
1217 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
1218 qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
1219 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir
1220 DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo
1221 LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require,
1222 reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
1223 rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
1224 scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
1225 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
1226 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1227 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1228 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1229 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1230 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1231 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1232 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1233 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1234 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1235 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1236 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1237 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET,
1238 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
1239 sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1240 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1241 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, syswrite
1242 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell
1243 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
1244 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
1245 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
1246 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
1247 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST,
1248 use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1249 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1253 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1259 =item Predefined Names
1261 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1262 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
1263 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1264 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
1265 $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1266 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
1267 $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1268 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1269 format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1270 format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
1271 EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1272 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1273 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1274 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1275 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1276 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1277 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1278 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME,
1279 $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
1280 $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}, $^M
1284 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1292 =item Private Variables via my()
1294 =item Temporary Values via local()
1296 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1298 =item Pass by Reference
1302 =item Constant Functions
1304 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
1312 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages)
1322 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1332 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1336 =item Pragmatic Modules
1338 blib, diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap,
1339 strict, subs, vmsish, vars
1341 =item Standard Modules
1343 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
1344 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
1345 DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
1346 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
1347 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
1348 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fcntl,
1349 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find,
1350 File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
1351 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle,
1352 IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
1353 Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, NDBM_File, Net::Ping,
1354 Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text,
1355 POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
1356 Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
1357 Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords,
1358 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
1359 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
1360 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
1362 =item Extension Modules
1368 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1369 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1370 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1371 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1372 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1373 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1374 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1375 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1376 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1377 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1378 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1379 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1380 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
1383 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1387 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1389 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1390 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1391 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1392 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1393 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1394 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1395 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1396 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1397 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1398 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1399 care when changing a released module
1401 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1403 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
1404 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
1405 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
1406 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
1408 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1410 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
1411 applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
1412 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
1413 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
1414 can then be reduced to a small
1418 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1424 =item Format Variables
1434 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1440 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1445 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1451 =item The use locale pragma
1453 =item The setlocale function
1455 =item The localeconv function
1459 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1463 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1465 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1467 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1469 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1473 =item Other categories
1479 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
1480 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
1481 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
1482 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
1483 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
1484 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
1485 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
1486 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
1487 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
1492 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
1499 =item Backward compatibility
1501 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1503 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1505 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1507 =item Freely available locale definitions
1511 =item An imperfect standard
1519 =item Broken systems
1527 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1533 =item Symbolic references
1535 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1543 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
1547 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
1548 more elaborate constructs
1552 =item COMMON MISTAKES
1554 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
1556 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
1562 =item LISTS OF LISTS
1566 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
1568 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
1570 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
1574 =item HASHES OF LISTS
1578 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
1580 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
1582 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
1586 =item LISTS OF HASHES
1590 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
1592 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
1594 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
1598 =item HASHES OF HASHES
1602 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
1604 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
1606 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
1610 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1614 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1616 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1618 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1628 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
1632 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
1634 =item Growing Your Own
1636 =item Access and Printing
1644 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1648 =item Creating a Class
1652 =item Object Representation
1654 =item Class Interface
1656 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1658 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1662 =item Other Object Methods
1670 =item Accessing Class Data
1672 =item Debugging Methods
1674 =item Class Destructors
1676 =item Documenting the Interface
1686 =item Overridden Methods
1688 =item Multiple Inheritance
1690 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1694 =item Alternate Object Representations
1698 =item Arrays as Objects
1700 =item Closures as Objects
1704 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1708 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1710 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1714 =item Metaclassical Tools
1720 =item Data Members as Variables
1724 =item Object Terminology
1734 =item Acknowledgments
1738 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1744 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1746 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1748 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1750 =item Method Invocation
1752 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1754 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1762 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1768 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1778 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
1782 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1787 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1788 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1789 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
1791 =item Tying FileHandles
1793 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
1794 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
1796 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1806 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1810 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1812 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1814 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1816 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1818 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1820 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1822 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1824 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1826 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1828 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1832 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1833 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1841 =item Using open() for IPC
1847 =item Background Processes
1849 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1851 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1853 =item Bidirectional Communication
1857 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1861 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1863 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1865 =item UDP: Message Passing
1881 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1885 =item The Perl Debugger
1889 =item Debugger Commands
1891 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1892 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
1893 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
1894 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1895 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1896 command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C<recallCommand>,
1897 C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>,
1898 C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
1899 C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>,
1900 C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<quote>,
1901 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
1902 C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command, E<gt> command,
1903 E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, !
1904 pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, = [alias value],
1905 command, m expr, m package
1907 =item Debugger input/output
1909 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
1911 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1913 =item Debugger Customization
1915 =item Readline Support
1917 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1919 =item The Perl Profiler
1921 =item Debugger support in perl
1923 =item Debugger Internals
1925 =item Other resources
1931 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
1935 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
1941 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
1943 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
1945 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
1949 =item Protecting Your Programs
1953 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
1969 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
1971 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
1972 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
1973 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
1974 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
1976 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
1978 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
1979 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
1980 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
1984 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
1986 =item Numerical Traps
1988 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
1990 =item General data type traps
1992 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
1993 (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
1995 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
1997 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
1999 =item Precedence Traps
2001 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
2004 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
2006 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
2007 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
2008 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
2010 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
2012 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
2018 =item Interpolation Traps
2020 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
2021 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2027 =item Unclassified Traps
2033 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
2037 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
2041 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2043 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
2049 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
2053 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2061 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
2062 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
2066 =item Compiling your C program
2068 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2070 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2072 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2074 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
2076 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2078 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2080 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2082 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2093 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2099 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
2100 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
2101 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
2102 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
2103 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(s,f)>,
2104 B<PerlIO_putc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
2105 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
2106 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
2107 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
2108 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
2112 =item Co-existence with stdio
2114 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
2115 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
2116 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
2117 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
2118 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
2119 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
2123 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2133 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
2135 =item The Argument Stack
2137 =item The RETVAL Variable
2139 =item The MODULE Keyword
2141 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
2143 =item The PREFIX Keyword
2145 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
2147 =item The CODE: Keyword
2149 =item The INIT: Keyword
2151 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
2153 =item Initializing Function Parameters
2155 =item Default Parameter Values
2157 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
2159 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
2161 =item The INPUT: Keyword
2163 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
2165 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
2167 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
2169 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
2171 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
2173 =item The BOOT: Keyword
2175 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
2177 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
2179 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
2181 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
2183 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
2185 =item The CASE: Keyword
2187 =item The & Unary Operator
2189 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
2191 =item Using XS With C++
2193 =item Interface Strategy
2195 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
2207 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
2213 =item VERSION CAVEAT
2215 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
2221 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
2223 =item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
2227 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
2229 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
2231 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
2233 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
2239 =item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
2241 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
2243 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
2245 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
2247 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
2249 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
2259 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
2269 =item What is an "IV"?
2271 =item Working with SVs
2273 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
2275 =item Working with AVs
2277 =item Working with HVs
2279 =item Hash API Extensions
2283 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
2285 =item Creating New Variables
2287 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
2289 =item Stashes and Globs
2291 =item Double-Typed SVs
2293 =item Magic Variables
2295 =item Assigning Magic
2297 =item Magic Virtual Tables
2307 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
2309 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
2311 =item Memory Allocation
2315 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
2319 =item Scratchpads and recursion
2329 =item Examining the tree
2331 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
2333 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
2335 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
2337 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
2343 AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
2344 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
2345 DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
2346 dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
2347 GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
2348 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH,
2349 HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
2350 hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent,
2351 hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv,
2352 hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
2353 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
2354 isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
2355 mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
2356 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
2357 newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
2358 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
2359 perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv,
2360 perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
2361 perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
2362 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
2363 saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
2364 strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
2365 sv_catpvn, sv_catpvf, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec,
2366 sv_dec, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
2367 SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
2368 sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
2369 SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
2370 SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
2371 SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
2372 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
2373 sv_setpvf, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
2374 sv_setsv, SvSTASH, SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG,
2375 SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref,
2376 sv_usepvn, sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
2377 XPUSHs, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
2378 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV,
2379 XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
2386 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
2390 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
2392 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
2394 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
2414 =item Determining the Context
2418 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
2424 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
2426 =item Passing Parameters
2428 =item Returning a Scalar
2430 =item Returning a list of values
2432 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
2434 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
2438 =item Using G_KEEPERR
2440 =item Using perl_call_sv
2442 =item Using perl_call_argv
2444 =item Using perl_call_method
2448 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
2450 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
2452 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
2453 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
2456 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
2458 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
2468 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
2470 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
2484 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
2494 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
2502 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
2510 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
2519 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
2521 =item The I<splain> Program
2533 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
2540 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
2546 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
2554 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
2556 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
2558 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
2566 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
2573 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
2581 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
2585 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
2591 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
2593 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
2595 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
2597 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
2599 =item Overloadable Operations
2601 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
2602 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
2603 and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
2605 =item Inheritance and overloading
2607 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
2608 is inherited by derived classes
2612 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
2620 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
2622 =item Copy Constructor
2628 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
2630 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
2631 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
2632 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
2636 =item Run-time Overloading
2638 =item Public functions
2640 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
2642 =item IMPLEMENTATION
2650 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
2660 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
2662 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
2666 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
2670 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
2676 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
2682 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
2684 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
2690 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
2696 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
2698 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
2706 =item DBM Comparisons
2714 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
2722 =item Subroutine Stubs
2724 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2726 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2728 =item Package Lexicals
2730 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
2738 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
2748 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
2760 =item Standard Exports
2762 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
2763 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
2764 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]] )
2766 =item Optional Exports
2768 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
2780 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
2782 =head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
2792 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
2804 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
2806 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
2808 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
2810 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
2812 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
2814 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
2816 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
2818 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
2820 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
2822 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
2824 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
2826 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
2828 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
2830 =item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
2832 =item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
2834 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
2836 =item CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
2838 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
2840 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
2844 =item CREATING FORMS:
2848 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
2850 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
2852 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
2854 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
2858 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
2860 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
2862 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
2866 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
2868 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
2872 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
2876 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
2880 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
2884 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
2888 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
2890 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
2892 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
2896 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
2898 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
2900 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
2902 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
2906 =item NETSCAPE COOKIES
2908 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
2909 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
2911 =item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
2913 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
2914 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
2921 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
2925 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2927 B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
2928 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
2929 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
2930 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
2931 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
2934 =item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS:
2938 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
2940 =item Generating new HTML tags
2944 =item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
2946 B<cgi>, B<form>, B<html2>, B<html3>, B<netscape>, B<shortcuts>,
2949 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
2951 In the B<use> statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be
2952 imported into your script:, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using
2953 B<-nph> parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
2955 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
2959 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
2960 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
2961 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
2962 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
2963 Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
2964 Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
2965 Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
2966 (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
2967 Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
2968 (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
2969 (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
2971 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
2977 =head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
2991 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
2998 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
3000 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
3008 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
3014 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
3016 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
3018 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
3020 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
3024 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3030 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
3036 =item USING CGI::Push
3038 -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
3040 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
3044 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3050 =head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
3061 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
3069 =item Interactive Mode
3071 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
3072 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
3081 =item The 4 Classes: Authors, Bundles, Modules, Distributions
3083 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
3085 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
3095 =item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
3101 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
3102 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
3103 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
3116 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
3122 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
3131 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
3137 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
3145 =item The C<struct()> function
3147 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
3149 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
3150 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
3156 Example 1, Example 2
3158 =item Author and Modification History
3160 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
3166 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
3174 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
3180 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB
3186 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
3190 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
3192 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
3194 =item Default Parameters
3196 =item In Memory Databases
3204 =item A Simple Example
3212 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
3214 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
3216 =item The get_dup() Method
3218 =item Matching Partial Keys
3226 =item The 'bval' Option
3228 =item A Simple Example
3232 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
3233 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
3235 =item Another Example
3239 =item THE API INTERFACE
3241 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
3242 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
3243 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
3244 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
3246 =item HINTS AND TIPS
3250 =item Locking Databases
3252 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
3254 =item The untie() Gotcha
3258 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
3262 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
3264 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
3266 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
3268 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
3282 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
3288 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
3294 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
3300 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
3301 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
3302 dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
3303 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
3308 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
3315 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
3323 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
3331 =item Selecting What To Export
3333 =item Specialised Import Lists
3335 =item Module Version Checking
3337 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
3339 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
3343 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
3350 cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
3351 source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
3352 directory.., test_f file
3360 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
3370 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
3371 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
3379 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
3385 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
3391 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
3397 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
3407 =item VMS implementation
3413 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3420 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
3430 =item Preloaded methods
3432 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
3434 =item SelfLoaded methods
3436 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
3437 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
3438 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
3439 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
3440 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
3442 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
3444 force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others,
3445 install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o),
3446 makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
3447 maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru
3448 (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
3449 post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
3450 (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
3451 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
3452 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
3453 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
3459 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3468 =item Methods always loaded
3470 eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
3471 rootdir (override), updir (override)
3473 =item SelfLoaded methods
3475 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
3476 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
3477 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
3478 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
3479 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
3480 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
3481 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
3482 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
3483 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
3484 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
3485 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
3486 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
3487 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
3488 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
3493 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3500 catfile, static_lib (o), dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script,
3501 pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override), tools_other
3502 (o), manifypods (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
3504 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
3512 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
3514 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
3522 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
3526 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
3528 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
3530 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
3532 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
3534 C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
3535 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC,
3536 INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
3537 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
3538 INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
3539 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
3540 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
3541 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
3542 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
3543 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
3546 =item Additional lowercase attributes
3548 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
3551 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
3553 =item Hintsfile support
3555 =item Distribution Support
3557 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
3558 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
3559 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
3567 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
3577 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
3581 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
3582 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
3588 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
3596 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
3602 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
3609 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
3615 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
3621 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
3629 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
3631 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
3637 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
3641 C<basename>, C<dirname>
3643 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
3649 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
3659 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
3667 =item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)
3669 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
3677 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
3683 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
3693 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
3703 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
3711 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
3717 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
3721 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
3727 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
3737 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
3749 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
3756 E<lt>noneE<gt>, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f
3760 =item Linkage specification
3762 =item Aliases and abbreviations
3764 =item Non-option call-back routine
3766 =item Option starters
3776 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
3778 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
3779 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
3780 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
3781 reset), debug (default: reset)
3783 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
3785 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
3787 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
3794 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
3801 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
3807 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3815 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3819 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3825 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
3833 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3837 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
3838 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
3839 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
3849 =head2 IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3857 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3861 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
3869 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
3879 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
3891 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
3892 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
3893 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
3901 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
3913 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
3920 =item IO::Socket::INET
3924 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
3927 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
3931 hostpath(), peerpath()
3941 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3949 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3953 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3959 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
3968 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3972 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
3973 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
3974 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
3984 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3992 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3996 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
4004 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
4015 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
4028 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
4029 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
4030 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
4038 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
4051 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4058 =item IO::Socket::INET
4062 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4065 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4069 hostpath(), peerpath()
4079 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
4089 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
4098 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
4104 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
4110 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
4116 Canonical notation, Input, Output
4124 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
4135 =item STRINGIFICATION
4139 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4145 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
4151 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
4155 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4157 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
4161 =item ANGLE CONVERSIONS
4167 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
4173 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
4183 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
4184 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
4192 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
4205 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
4218 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
4229 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
4242 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
4248 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
4258 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
4260 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
4261 or optag, an operator set (opset)
4263 =item Opcode Functions
4265 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
4266 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
4267 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
4270 =item Manipulating Opsets
4274 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
4276 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
4277 :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
4278 :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
4284 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
4291 a new namespace, an operator mask
4297 =item RECENT CHANGES
4299 =item Methods in class Safe
4301 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4302 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4303 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4304 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4306 =item Some Safety Issues
4308 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4314 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
4323 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
4335 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
4336 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
4337 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
4338 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
4339 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
4340 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
4341 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
4342 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
4343 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
4344 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
4345 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
4346 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
4347 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
4348 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
4349 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
4350 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
4351 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
4352 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
4353 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
4354 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
4355 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
4356 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
4357 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
4358 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
4359 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
4360 wcstombs, wctomb, write
4366 =item POSIX::SigAction
4372 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
4374 =item POSIX::Termios
4376 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
4377 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
4378 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
4379 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
4380 values, c_oflag field values
4384 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
4388 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
4392 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
4450 =head2 Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML
4458 help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
4459 nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
4471 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
4481 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
4487 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
4493 a new namespace, an operator mask
4499 =item RECENT CHANGES
4501 =item Methods in class Safe
4503 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4504 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4505 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4506 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4508 =item Some Safety Issues
4510 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4516 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
4522 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
4528 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
4536 =item The __DATA__ token
4538 =item SelfLoader autoloading
4540 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
4542 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
4544 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
4546 =item Classes and inherited methods.
4550 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
4552 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
4560 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
4561 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
4567 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
4568 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
4569 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
4570 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
4571 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
4573 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
4579 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
4587 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
4588 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
4594 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
4595 setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog
4605 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
4613 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
4619 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
4627 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
4628 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
4634 =item Minimal set of supported functions
4636 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
4637 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
4639 =item Additional supported functions
4645 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
4653 =item The test script output
4661 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
4662 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
4663 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
4672 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
4680 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens
4688 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
4701 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
4712 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
4724 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
4730 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
4731 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
4735 =item MORE INFORMATION
4737 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
4751 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
4758 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
4760 =item MORE INFORMATION
4762 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
4770 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
4776 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
4787 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
4798 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
4806 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
4812 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( VAL, TYPE ),
4815 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
4826 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
4837 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
4839 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
4840 don't all have manual pages yet:
4862 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob