4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2001/09/20
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
365 open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR
366 : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
367 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
368 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
369 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
370 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
371 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
372 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
373 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
374 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
375 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
376 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
377 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
378 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
379 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
380 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
381 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
382 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
383 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
384 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
385 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
386 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
387 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
388 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
389 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
390 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
391 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
392 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
393 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
394 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
395 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
396 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
397 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
398 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
399 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
400 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
401 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
402 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
403 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
404 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
410 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
416 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
424 =item Making References
426 =item Using References
444 =item Distribution Conditions
450 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
456 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
457 more elaborate constructs
461 =item COMMON MISTAKES
463 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
465 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
471 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
475 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
477 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
479 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
483 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
487 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
489 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
491 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
495 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
499 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
501 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
503 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
507 =item HASHES OF HASHES
511 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
513 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
515 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
519 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
523 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
525 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
527 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
539 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
549 =item Simple word matching
551 =item Using character classes
553 =item Matching this or that
555 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
557 =item Extracting matches
559 =item Matching repetitions
563 =item Search and replace
565 =item The split operator
573 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
577 =item Acknowledgments
583 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
591 =item Verbatim Paragraph
593 =item Command Paragraph
595 =item Ordinary Block of Text
599 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
601 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
611 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
619 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
637 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
639 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
640 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
641 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
642 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
644 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
646 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
647 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
648 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
652 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
654 =item Numerical Traps
656 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
658 =item General data type traps
660 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
661 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
663 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
665 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
667 =item Precedence Traps
669 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
672 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
674 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
675 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
678 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
680 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
686 =item Interpolation Traps
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
689 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
695 =item Unclassified Traps
697 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
704 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
714 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
716 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
718 =item Location of Perl
720 =item Command Switches
722 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
723 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
724 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
725 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
726 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
727 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
734 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
735 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
736 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
740 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
748 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
756 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
758 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
760 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
764 =item Backward Compatibility
766 =item Category Hierarchy
770 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
782 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
790 =item Looking at data and -w and w
794 =item Stepping through code
796 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
798 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
816 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
822 =item The Perl Debugger
826 =item Debugger Commands
828 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
829 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
830 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
831 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
832 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
833 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
834 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
835 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
836 cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man
839 =item Configurable Options
841 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
842 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
843 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
844 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
845 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
846 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
848 =item Debugger input/output
850 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
853 =item Debugging compile-time statements
855 =item Debugger Customization
857 =item Readline Support
859 =item Editor Support for Debugging
861 =item The Perl Profiler
865 =item Debugging regular expressions
867 =item Debugging memory usage
875 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
883 =item Predefined Names
885 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
886 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
887 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
888 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
889 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
890 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
891 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
892 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
893 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
894 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
895 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
896 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
897 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
898 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
899 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
900 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
901 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
902 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
903 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
904 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR,
905 $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID,
906 $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID,
907 $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $],
908 $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H,
909 $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04,
910 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
911 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION,
912 $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS},
913 $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV,
914 $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
916 =item Error Indicators
918 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
926 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
934 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
936 =item Growing Your Own
938 =item Access and Printing
950 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
956 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
966 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
972 =item Open E<agrave> la C
976 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
980 =item Obscure Open Tricks
984 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
986 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
990 =item Single Argument Open
992 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
996 =item Other I/O Issues
1000 =item Opening Non-File Files
1010 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1016 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1022 =item Part 1: The basics
1026 =item Simple word matching
1028 =item Using character classes
1030 =item Matching this or that
1032 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1034 =item Extracting matches
1036 =item Matching repetitions
1038 =item Building a regexp
1040 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1044 =item Part 2: Power tools
1048 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1050 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1052 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1054 =item Non-capturing groupings
1056 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1058 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1060 =item Conditional expressions
1062 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1064 =item Pragmas and debugging
1072 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1076 =item Acknowledgments
1082 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1092 =item Regular Expressions
1094 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1096 =item Extended Patterns
1098 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1099 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1100 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1101 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1105 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1107 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1109 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1111 =item Combining pieces together
1113 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1114 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1115 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1116 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1118 =item Creating custom RE engines
1128 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1138 =item Making References
1140 =item Using References
1142 =item Symbolic references
1144 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1146 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1148 =item Function Templates
1158 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1166 =item Format Variables
1176 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1184 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1192 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1194 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1196 =item Invoking a barnyard
1198 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1200 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1202 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1204 =item A few notes about @ISA
1206 =item Overriding the methods
1208 =item Starting the search from a different place
1210 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1212 =item Where we're at so far...
1214 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1216 =item Invoking an instance method
1218 =item Accessing the instance data
1220 =item How to build a horse
1222 =item Inheriting the constructor
1224 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1226 =item Adding parameters to a method
1228 =item More interesting instances
1230 =item A horse of a different color
1242 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1248 =item Creating a Class
1252 =item Object Representation
1254 =item Class Interface
1256 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1258 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1262 =item Other Object Methods
1270 =item Accessing Class Data
1272 =item Debugging Methods
1274 =item Class Destructors
1276 =item Documenting the Interface
1286 =item Overridden Methods
1288 =item Multiple Inheritance
1290 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1294 =item Alternate Object Representations
1298 =item Arrays as Objects
1300 =item Closures as Objects
1304 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1308 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1310 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1314 =item Metaclassical Tools
1320 =item Data Members as Variables
1328 =item Object Terminology
1334 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1340 =item Acknowledgments
1346 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1352 =item Class Data in a Can
1354 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1358 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1360 =item Inheritance Concerns
1362 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1364 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1366 =item Monadic Classes
1368 =item Translucent Attributes
1372 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1376 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1378 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1380 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1382 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1384 =item Translucency Revisited
1392 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1394 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1400 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1408 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1410 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1412 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1414 =item Method Invocation
1416 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1418 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1420 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1426 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1434 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1440 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1442 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1444 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1446 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1448 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1450 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1452 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1454 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1456 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1458 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1464 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1476 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1481 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1482 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1483 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1484 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1489 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1490 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1491 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1493 =item Tying FileHandles
1495 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1496 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1501 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1513 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1514 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1530 =item Using open() for IPC
1536 =item Background Processes
1538 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1540 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1542 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1544 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1548 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1552 =item Internet Line Terminators
1554 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1556 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1560 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1564 =item A Simple Client
1566 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1568 =item A Webget Client
1570 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1574 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1576 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1578 =item UDP: Message Passing
1592 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1602 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1604 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1605 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1606 files, directories and network sockets
1608 =item Resource limits
1610 =item Killing the parent process
1612 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1614 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1616 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1617 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1618 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1630 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1638 =item Storing numbers
1640 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1642 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1644 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1645 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1646 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1655 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1663 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1669 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1671 =item Threaded Program Models
1683 =item Native threads
1685 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1687 =item Threadsafe Modules
1693 =item Basic Thread Support
1695 =item Creating Threads
1697 =item Giving up control
1699 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1701 =item Errors In Threads
1703 =item Ignoring A Thread
1707 =item Threads And Data
1711 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1713 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1715 =item Controlling access: lock()
1717 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1719 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1723 =item Threads And Code
1727 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1729 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1731 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1733 =item Subroutine Locks
1737 =item Locking A Subroutine
1741 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1745 =item What Thread Am I In?
1749 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1751 =item What Threads Are Running?
1755 =item A Complete Example
1763 =item Introductory Texts
1765 =item OS-Related References
1767 =item Other References
1771 =item Acknowledgements
1779 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1785 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1794 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1796 =item Files and Filesystems
1798 =item System Interaction
1800 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1802 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1804 =item Standard Modules
1808 =item Character sets and character encoding
1810 =item Internationalisation
1812 =item System Resources
1822 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1823 http://testers.cpan.org/
1831 =item DOS and Derivatives
1839 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1847 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1851 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1853 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1854 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1855 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1856 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1857 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1858 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1859 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1860 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1861 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1862 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1863 endprotoent, endservent, exit EXPR, exit, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,
1864 glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
1865 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
1866 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
1867 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
1868 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
1869 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1870 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1871 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1872 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1873 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1874 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1875 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1876 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1877 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1883 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1884 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1885 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1886 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1887 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1888 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1890 =item Supported Platforms
1894 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1900 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1907 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1913 =item The use locale pragma
1915 =item The setlocale function
1917 =item Finding locales
1919 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1921 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1923 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1925 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1927 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1929 =item The localeconv function
1931 =item I18N::Langinfo
1935 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1939 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1941 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1943 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1945 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1949 =item Other categories
1957 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1958 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1964 =item Backward compatibility
1966 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1968 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1970 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1972 =item Freely available locale definitions
1976 =item An imperfect standard
1984 =item Broken systems
1994 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2002 =item Important Caveats
2004 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2005 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2007 =item Byte and Character semantics
2009 =item Effects of character semantics
2015 =item Character encodings for input and output
2021 =item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL
2027 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2033 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2041 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2045 =item 13 variant characters
2053 =item Unicode and UTF
2057 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2059 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2061 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2075 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2077 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2079 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2081 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2089 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2091 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2093 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2095 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2099 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2103 =item URL decoding and encoding
2105 =item uu encoding and decoding
2107 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2109 =item Caesarian ciphers
2113 =item Hashing order and checksums
2117 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2129 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2149 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2157 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2159 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2161 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2165 =item Protecting Your Programs
2173 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2185 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2191 =item Making your module threadsafe
2199 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2209 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2210 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2224 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2230 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2234 =item Pragmatic Modules
2236 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2237 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2238 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, threads, utf8, vars, warnings,
2241 =item Standard Modules
2243 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2244 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2245 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2246 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2247 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2248 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2249 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2250 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2251 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2252 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2253 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2254 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2255 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2256 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2257 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2258 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2259 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2260 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2261 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2262 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2263 Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
2264 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
2265 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2266 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2267 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2268 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2269 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2270 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2271 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2272 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
2273 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select,
2274 Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap,
2275 Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
2276 Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2277 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Test::More,
2278 Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
2279 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array,
2280 Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash,
2281 Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL,
2282 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
2285 =item Extension Modules
2297 =item Central America
2309 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2313 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2315 Adding a Copyright Notice
2317 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2319 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2327 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2333 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2337 =item Before you start
2345 =item Release considerations
2349 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2353 =item Has it been done before?
2355 =item Do one thing and do it well
2357 =item What's in a name?
2361 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2365 =item To OO or not to OO?
2367 =item Designing your API
2369 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2370 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2373 =item Strictness and warnings
2375 =item Backwards compatibility
2377 =item Error handling and messages
2381 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2387 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2391 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2395 =item Version numbering
2397 =item Pre-requisites
2407 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2411 =item Reinventing the wheel
2413 =item Trying to do too much
2415 =item Inappropriate documentation
2421 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2422 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2428 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2438 =item What should I make into a module?
2440 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2442 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2444 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2446 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2447 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2448 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2450 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2452 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2453 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2463 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.1 $, $Date:
2464 2001/09/20 03:03:00 $)
2474 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2476 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2478 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2480 =item What is perl6?
2482 =item How stable is Perl?
2484 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2486 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2489 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2491 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2493 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2495 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2497 =item What is a JAPH?
2499 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2501 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2502 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2506 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2510 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.1 $,
2511 $Date: 2001/09/20 03:03:00 $)
2519 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2521 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2523 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2525 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2528 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2529 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2531 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2532 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2534 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2536 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2538 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2540 =item Where should I post source code?
2544 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2546 =item Perl in Magazines
2548 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2550 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2552 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2554 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2556 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2558 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2562 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2566 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.7 $, $Date: 2001/10/09
2575 =item How do I do (anything)?
2577 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2579 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2581 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2583 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2585 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2587 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2589 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2591 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2593 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2594 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2595 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2597 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2599 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2601 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2603 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2605 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2607 =item What is undump?
2609 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2611 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2613 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
2614 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
2616 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2618 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2620 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2622 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2624 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2626 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2628 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2630 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2632 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2634 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2636 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2638 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2640 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2641 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2643 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2646 =item What's MakeMaker?
2650 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2654 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/10/12
2665 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2666 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2668 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2670 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2673 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2675 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2677 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2679 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2681 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2683 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2691 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2693 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2695 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2697 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2699 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2701 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2703 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2711 =item How do I validate input?
2713 =item How do I unescape a string?
2715 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2717 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2719 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2721 =item How do I reverse a string?
2723 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2725 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2727 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2729 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2731 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2734 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2736 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2737 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2739 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2741 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2743 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2745 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2747 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2749 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2751 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2753 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2754 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2763 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2765 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2767 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2771 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
2774 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2775 intersection of two arrays?
2777 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2779 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2781 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2783 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2785 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2787 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2789 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2791 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2793 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2795 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2797 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2801 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2805 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2807 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2810 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2812 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2814 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2816 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2818 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2820 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2822 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2824 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2826 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2828 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2830 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2833 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2834 array of hashes or arrays?
2836 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2844 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2846 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2848 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2850 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2852 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2854 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2856 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2860 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2864 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.2 $, $Date: 2001/09/26
2873 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2875 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2876 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2878 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2880 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2882 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2884 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2885 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2887 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2889 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2891 =item How can I write() into a string?
2893 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2895 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2897 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2899 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2901 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2903 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2905 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2907 =item How can I lock a file?
2909 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2911 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2912 the file. How can I do this?
2914 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
2915 file. Do I still have to use locking?
2917 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2919 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2921 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2923 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2925 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2927 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2929 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2931 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2933 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2935 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2937 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2939 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2940 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2942 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2944 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2945 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2947 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2949 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2953 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2957 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.1 $, $Date: 2001/09/20 03:03:00 $)
2965 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2966 and unmaintainable code?
2968 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2970 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2972 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2975 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2977 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2980 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2982 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2984 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2986 =item What is C</o> really for?
2988 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2991 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2993 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2995 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2997 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2999 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3001 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3003 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3005 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3007 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3009 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3011 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3013 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3015 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3019 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3023 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.1 $, $Date: 2001/09/20
3032 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3034 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3037 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3040 =item How do I skip some return values?
3042 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3044 =item What's an extension?
3046 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3048 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3050 =item How do I create a module?
3052 =item How do I create a class?
3054 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3056 =item What's a closure?
3058 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3060 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3063 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3066 =item How do I create a static variable?
3068 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3069 Between local() and my()?
3071 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3074 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3076 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3078 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3080 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3082 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3084 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3086 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3088 =item How can I find out my current package?
3090 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3092 =item How do I clear a package?
3094 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3098 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3102 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.1 $, $Date: 2001/09/20
3111 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3113 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3115 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3117 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3119 =item How do I print something out in color?
3121 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3123 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3125 =item How do I clear the screen?
3127 =item How do I get the screen size?
3129 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3131 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3133 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3135 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3137 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3139 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3141 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3143 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3145 =item How do I set the time and date?
3147 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3149 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3151 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3153 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3154 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3156 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3158 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3160 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3162 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3164 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3166 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3168 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3170 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3172 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3174 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3177 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3179 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3181 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3183 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3186 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3187 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3188 changes to be visible?
3192 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3195 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3197 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3199 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3201 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3203 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3205 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3207 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3209 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3211 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3213 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3215 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3217 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3220 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3222 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3226 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3230 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.2 $, $Date: 2001/09/28 06:40:07
3239 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3241 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3244 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3246 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3248 =item How do I extract URLs?
3250 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3251 file on another machine?
3253 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3255 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3257 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3259 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3261 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3263 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3265 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3267 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3268 CGI script to do bad things?
3270 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3272 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3274 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3276 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3278 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3280 =item How do I send mail?
3282 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3284 =item How do I read mail?
3286 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3288 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3290 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3292 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3296 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3300 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3310 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3314 =item Using The Back Ends
3318 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3322 =item The Decompiling Back End
3324 =item The Lint Back End
3326 =item The Simple C Back End
3328 =item The Bytecode Back End
3330 =item The Optimized C Back End
3332 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3333 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3334 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3338 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3344 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3354 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3355 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3359 =item Compiling your C program
3361 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3363 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3365 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3367 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3369 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3371 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3373 =item Execution of END blocks
3375 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3377 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3382 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3392 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3398 =item Debugger Internals
3402 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3406 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3408 =item Debugging regular expressions
3412 =item Compile-time output
3414 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3415 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3416 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3419 =item Types of nodes
3421 =item Run-time output
3425 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3429 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3431 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3432 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3435 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3437 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3439 =item B<-DL> details
3443 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3451 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3463 =item Version caveat
3465 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3477 =item What has gone on?
3479 =item Writing good test scripts
3483 =item What's new here?
3485 =item Input and Output Parameters
3487 =item The XSUBPP Program
3489 =item The TYPEMAP file
3491 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3495 =item What has happened here?
3497 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3499 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3501 =item More about XSUB arguments
3503 =item The Argument Stack
3505 =item Extending your Extension
3507 =item Documenting your Extension
3509 =item Installing your Extension
3513 =item New Things in this Example
3517 =item New Things in this Example
3519 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3521 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3523 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3525 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3541 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3553 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3555 =item The Argument Stack
3557 =item The RETVAL Variable
3559 =item The MODULE Keyword
3561 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3563 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3565 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3567 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3569 =item The CODE: Keyword
3571 =item The INIT: Keyword
3573 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3575 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3577 =item Default Parameter Values
3579 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3581 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3583 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3585 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3587 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3589 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3591 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3593 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3595 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3597 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3599 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3601 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3603 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3605 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3607 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3609 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3611 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3613 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3615 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3617 =item The CASE: Keyword
3619 =item The & Unary Operator
3621 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3623 =item Using XS With C++
3625 =item Interface Strategy
3627 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3641 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3651 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3653 =item File Operations
3655 =item File Input and Output
3657 =item File Positioning
3659 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3661 =item Character Class Tests
3663 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3665 =item Miscellaneous functions
3673 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3685 =item What is an "IV"?
3687 =item Working with SVs
3691 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3693 =item Working with AVs
3695 =item Working with HVs
3697 =item Hash API Extensions
3701 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3703 =item Creating New Variables
3705 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3707 =item Stashes and Globs
3709 =item Double-Typed SVs
3711 =item Magic Variables
3713 =item Assigning Magic
3715 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3719 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3721 =item Localizing changes
3723 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3724 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3725 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3726 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3727 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3728 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3729 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3730 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3731 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3732 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3740 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3742 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3744 =item Memory Allocation
3748 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3752 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3762 =item Examining the tree
3764 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3766 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3768 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3770 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3772 =item Pluggable runops
3776 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3778 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3782 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3784 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3786 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3788 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3790 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3794 =item Internal Functions
3796 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3800 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3802 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3804 =item Source Documentation
3808 =item Unicode Support
3812 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3814 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3816 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3818 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3820 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3822 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3826 =item Custom Operators
3834 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3840 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3842 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3844 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3864 =item Determining the Context
3868 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3874 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3876 =item Passing Parameters
3878 =item Returning a Scalar
3880 =item Returning a list of values
3882 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3884 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3888 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3892 =item Using call_argv
3894 =item Using call_method
3898 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3900 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3902 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3903 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3906 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3908 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3920 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3930 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3931 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3932 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3933 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3937 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3939 =item Administration
3941 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3945 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3946 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3954 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3964 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3966 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3968 B<Decryption Filters>
3970 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3972 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3974 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3986 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3994 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3995 B<filter_fetch_value>
4001 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4003 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4013 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4019 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4020 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4021 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
4022 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
4023 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
4024 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
4025 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number,
4026 grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
4027 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
4028 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
4029 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
4030 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4031 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4032 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
4033 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
4034 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
4035 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
4036 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, NEWSV, newSViv,
4037 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
4038 newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
4039 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free,
4040 perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef,
4041 PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK,
4042 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL,
4043 Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, scan_bin, scan_hex, scan_oct,
4044 sharedsv_find, sharedsv_init, sharedsv_lock, sharedsv_new,
4045 sharedsv_thrcnt_dec, sharedsv_thrcnt_inc, sharedsv_unlock, sortsv, SP,
4046 SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE,
4047 StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp,
4048 SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV,
4049 SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
4050 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK,
4051 SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4052 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4053 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4054 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4055 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV,
4056 SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4057 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV,
4058 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
4059 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool, sv_2cv,
4060 sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4061 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4062 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4063 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4064 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
4065 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
4066 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
4067 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4068 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4069 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4070 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
4071 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
4072 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
4073 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
4074 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
4075 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
4076 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
4077 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
4078 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER,
4079 toUPPER, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
4080 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4081 uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN,
4082 XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV,
4083 XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV,
4084 XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
4092 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4099 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
4100 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
4101 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4109 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4119 =item History and Background
4121 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4123 =item Data Structures
4125 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
4126 data for a particular handle
4128 =item Functions and Attributes
4130 =item Per-instance Data
4132 =item Layers in action.
4134 =item Per-instance flag bits
4136 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4137 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4138 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4139 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4141 =item Methods in Detail
4143 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4144 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4145 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4146 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4147 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4148 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4149 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4150 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4151 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4152 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4153 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4154 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4155 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4156 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4160 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4162 =item Extension Layers
4164 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4170 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4178 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4179 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4180 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4181 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4182 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4183 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4184 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4185 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4186 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4187 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4188 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4192 =item Co-existence with stdio
4194 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4195 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4197 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4199 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4200 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4201 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4202 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4204 =item Other Functions
4206 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4207 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4213 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4219 =item To do during 5.6.x
4223 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4225 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4227 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4229 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4231 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4235 =item use Thread for iThreads
4237 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4239 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4241 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4243 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4245 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4247 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4249 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4251 =item Complete signal handling
4253 =item Out-of-source builds
4255 =item POSIX realtime support
4257 =item UNIX98 support
4261 =item Long double conversion
4265 =item Thread-safe regexes
4267 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4269 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4271 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4273 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4275 =item Custom opcodes
4277 =item spawnvp() on Win32
4279 =item DLL Versioning
4281 =item Introduce @( and @)
4283 =item Floating point handling
4285 =item IV/UV preservation
4287 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4289 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4291 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4293 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4295 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4297 =item Document Win32 choices
4299 =item Check new modules
4301 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4305 =item To do at some point
4309 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4311 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4313 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4315 =item bitfields in pack
4317 =item Cross compilation
4319 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4321 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4323 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4325 =item -i rename file when changed
4327 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4329 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4331 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4333 =item my sub foo { }
4335 =item One-pass global destruction
4337 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4339 =item Cache recently used regexps
4341 =item Re-entrant functions
4343 =item Cross-compilation support
4345 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4347 =item debugger pragma
4349 =item use less pragma
4351 =item switch structures
4353 =item Cache eval tree
4357 =item Shrink opcode tables
4359 =item Optimize away @_
4361 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4365 =item Prototype method calls
4367 =item Return context prototype declarations
4371 =item Garbage collection
4375 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4377 =item Rewrite perldoc
4379 =item Install .3p manpages
4381 =item Unicode tutorial
4383 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4385 =item Retargetable installation
4387 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4389 =item Rename Win32 headers
4391 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4393 =item Update sprintf documentation
4395 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4403 =item ref() in list context
4405 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4407 =item Compile to real threaded code
4409 =item Structured types
4411 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4413 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4417 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4419 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4423 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4425 =item Constant function cache
4427 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4435 =item Update guts documentation
4437 =item Add more tests
4439 =item Update auxiliary tools
4443 =item Recently done things
4447 =item Safe signal handling
4453 =item setitimer and getimiter
4455 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4457 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4459 =item Explicit switch statements
4467 =item perlcc to produce executable
4469 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4471 =item Secure temporary file module
4473 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4475 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4477 =item Mmap for input
4479 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4481 =item Add sockatmark support
4483 =item Mailing list archives
4487 =item Integrate MacPerl
4489 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4491 =item Regular expression tutorial
4493 =item Debugging Tutorial
4495 =item Integrate new modules
4497 =item Integrate profiler
4499 =item Y2K error detection
4501 =item Regular expression debugger
4505 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4507 =item Cache precompiled modules
4511 =item Deprecated Wishes
4515 =item Loop control on do{}
4517 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4523 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4525 =item Named prototypes
4527 =item Built-in globbing
4529 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4531 =item Cached hash values
4533 =item Add compression modules
4535 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4537 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4539 =item Make XS easier to use
4541 =item Make embedding easier to use
4545 =item my $Package::variable
4547 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4549 =item "class"-based lexicals
4553 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4555 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4557 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4559 =item Create debugging macros
4565 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4571 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4572 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4573 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4574 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4575 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4576 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4577 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4581 =item Keeping in sync
4583 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4584 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4586 =item Why rsync the source tree
4588 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4590 =item Why rsync the patches
4592 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4593 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4595 =item Submitting patches
4597 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4598 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4600 =item Finding Your Way Around
4602 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4604 =item Elements of the interpreter
4606 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4608 =item Internal Variable Types
4614 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4616 =item Millions of Macros
4618 =item Poking at Perl
4620 =item Using a source-level debugger
4622 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4623 finish, 'enter', print
4625 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4629 =item Patching a core module
4631 =item Adding a new function to the core
4633 =item Writing a test
4635 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4636 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>
4640 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4644 =item Rational Software's Purify
4646 =item Purify on Unix
4648 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4652 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4654 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4656 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4660 =item Gprof Profiling
4662 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4664 =item GCC gcov Profiling
4666 =item Pixie Profiling
4668 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4673 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4681 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4689 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4701 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4703 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4707 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4711 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4717 =item Reporting Bugs
4725 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
4731 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4733 =item Incompatible Changes
4737 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4739 =item AIX Dynaloading
4741 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
4743 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
4749 =item Core Enhancements
4751 =item Modules and Pragmata
4755 =item New Modules and Distributions
4757 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4761 =item Utility Changes
4763 =item New Documentation
4765 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4769 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4771 =item Generic Improvements
4775 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4779 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4783 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4785 =item Source Code Enhancements
4789 =item MAGIC constants
4791 =item Better commented code
4793 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
4801 =item Known Problems
4807 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
4809 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4811 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
4813 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configur
4815 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
4817 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4821 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
4823 =item Failure of Thread tests
4833 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4835 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4837 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
4839 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4841 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4843 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
4847 =item Reporting Bugs
4855 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4861 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4863 =item Incompatible Changes
4865 =item Core Enhancements
4869 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
4871 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
4873 =item Signals Are Now Safe
4877 =item Modules and Pragmata
4883 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4887 =item Performance Enhancements
4889 =item Utility Changes
4891 =item New Documentation
4907 =item README.solaris
4911 =item Porting/repository.pod
4915 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4919 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4921 =item Generic Improvements
4923 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4924 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4925 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4929 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4933 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4937 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4939 =item Changed Internals
4943 =item Known Problems
4947 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4949 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4951 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4953 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4957 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4959 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4961 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4963 =item Failure of Thread tests
4965 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4967 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4969 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4971 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4975 =item Reporting Bugs
4983 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4989 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4991 =item Incompatible Changes
4993 =item Core Enhancements
4995 =item Modules and Pragmata
5001 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5005 =item Utility Changes
5007 =item New Documentation
5009 =item Performance Enhancements
5011 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5015 =item Generic Improvements
5019 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5023 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5027 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5029 =item Changed Internals
5031 =item Known Problems
5035 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5037 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5039 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5041 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5043 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5045 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5047 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5049 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5051 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5053 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5057 =item Reporting Bugs
5065 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
5071 =item Core Enhancements
5075 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5077 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5079 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5081 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5083 =item "our" declarations
5085 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5087 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5089 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5091 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5093 =item open() with more than two arguments
5095 =item 64-bit support
5097 =item Large file support
5103 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5105 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5107 =item File globbing implemented internally
5109 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5111 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5113 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5115 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5117 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5119 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5121 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5123 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5125 =item Comments in pack() templates
5127 =item Weak references
5129 =item Binary numbers supported
5131 =item Lvalue subroutines
5133 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5135 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5137 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5139 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5141 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5143 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5145 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5147 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5149 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5151 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5153 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5155 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5157 =item Improved diagnostics
5159 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5161 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5163 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5165 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5167 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5169 =item Improved security features
5171 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5173 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5175 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5177 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5179 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5181 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5183 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5187 =item Modules and Pragmata
5193 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5194 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5195 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5196 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5197 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5198 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5199 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5200 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5206 =item Utility Changes
5220 =item The Perl Debugger
5224 =item Improved Documentation
5226 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5227 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5228 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5229 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5231 =item Performance enhancements
5235 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5237 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5239 =item Faster subroutine calls
5241 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5245 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5249 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5251 =item New Configure flags
5253 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5259 =item -Duselargefiles
5261 =item installusrbinperl
5267 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5271 =item Platform specific changes
5275 =item Supported platforms
5279 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5287 =item Significant bug fixes
5291 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5293 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5295 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5297 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5299 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5301 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5303 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5305 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5307 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5309 =item Locale bugs fixed
5313 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5315 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5317 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5319 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5323 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5325 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5326 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5327 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5328 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5329 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5330 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5331 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5332 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5333 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5334 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5335 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5336 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5337 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5338 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5339 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5340 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5341 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5342 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5343 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5344 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5345 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5346 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5347 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5348 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5349 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5350 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5351 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5352 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5353 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5354 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5355 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5356 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5357 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5358 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5359 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5360 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5361 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5362 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5363 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5364 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5365 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5366 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5367 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5368 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5369 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5370 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5371 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5372 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5373 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5374 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5378 =item Incompatible Changes
5382 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5384 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5385 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5386 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5387 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5388 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5389 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5390 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5391 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5392 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5393 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5394 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5396 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5398 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5400 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5402 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5404 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5408 =item Known Problems
5412 =item Thread test failures
5414 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5416 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5418 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5420 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5423 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5425 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5427 =item Experimental features
5429 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5430 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5431 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5435 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5437 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5438 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5439 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5440 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5442 =item Reporting Bugs
5450 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5456 =item About the new versioning system
5458 =item Incompatible Changes
5462 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5464 =item Default installation structure has changed
5466 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5468 =item C Source Compatibility
5470 =item Binary Compatibility
5472 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5474 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5488 =item Regular Expressions
5490 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5491 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5492 improvements, Incompatible changes
5494 =item Improved malloc()
5496 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5498 =item Reliable signals
5500 =item Reliable stack pointers
5502 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5506 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5508 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5510 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5512 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5514 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5516 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5518 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5520 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5522 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5524 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5526 =item Better locale support
5528 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5530 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5532 =item Extended support for exception handling
5534 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5536 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5538 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5540 =item New C<lock> keyword
5542 =item New C<qr//> operator
5544 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5546 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5548 =item Tied handles support is better
5550 =item 4th argument to substr
5552 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5554 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5556 =item <> now reads in records
5560 =item Supported Platforms
5566 =item Changes in existing support
5570 =item Modules and Pragmata
5576 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5577 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5578 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5580 =item Changes in existing modules
5582 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5583 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5587 =item Utility Changes
5589 =item Documentation Changes
5591 =item New Diagnostics
5593 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5594 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5595 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5596 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5597 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5598 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5599 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5600 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5601 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5602 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5603 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5604 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5605 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5606 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5607 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5608 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5609 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5611 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5613 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5614 temporary file, regexp too big
5616 =item Configuration Changes
5626 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5632 =item Supported Environments
5638 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5640 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5642 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5644 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5646 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5648 =item More precise warnings
5650 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5652 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5654 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5656 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5658 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5660 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5662 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5664 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5666 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5668 =item Changes to tainting checks
5670 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5671 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5673 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5675 =item Embedding improvements
5677 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5679 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5681 =item New and changed syntax
5685 =item New and changed builtin constants
5689 =item New and changed builtin variables
5693 =item New and changed builtin functions
5695 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5696 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5697 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5698 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5699 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5701 =item New builtin methods
5703 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5705 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5707 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5708 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5710 =item Malloc enhancements
5712 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5714 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5718 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5734 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5735 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5741 =item Required Updates
5743 =item Installation directories
5745 =item Module information summary
5759 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5763 =item Utility Changes
5769 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5773 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5777 =item C Language API Changes
5779 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5782 =item Documentation Changes
5784 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5785 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5787 =item New Diagnostics
5789 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5790 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5791 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5792 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5793 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5794 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5795 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5796 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5797 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5798 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5799 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5800 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5801 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5802 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5803 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5804 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5805 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5806 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5807 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5808 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5809 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5810 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5811 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5812 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5813 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5823 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5831 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5835 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5837 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5839 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5841 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5847 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
5857 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
5867 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5881 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
5883 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5885 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5887 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5893 =item Accessing documentation
5897 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
5899 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
5901 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
5903 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
5907 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
5911 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
5913 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
5915 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
5917 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
5919 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
5929 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
5937 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
5939 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
5943 =item Contact Information
5949 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5959 =item gzip on BS2000
5961 =item bison on BS2000
5963 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
5965 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
5967 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
5969 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
5971 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
5973 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5975 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
6009 =item Acknowledgements
6015 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
6021 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
6025 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
6027 =item Cygwin Configuration
6029 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
6033 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
6037 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
6039 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
6041 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
6042 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
6044 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
6046 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
6047 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
6049 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
6051 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
6055 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
6059 =item Warnings on Cygwin
6065 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
6069 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
6071 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
6073 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
6075 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
6077 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
6079 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
6081 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
6085 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
6087 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
6089 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
6090 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
6092 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
6100 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
6112 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
6116 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
6118 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
6120 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
6122 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
6132 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
6140 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
6142 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
6144 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
6146 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
6150 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
6152 =item PATH Names on Epoc
6154 =item Editors on Epoc
6156 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
6158 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
6160 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
6164 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
6172 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
6181 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
6183 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
6195 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
6197 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
6199 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
6201 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
6203 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
6205 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
6207 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
6209 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
6211 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
6213 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
6215 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
6219 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
6227 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
6235 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
6243 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
6252 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
6254 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
6256 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
6258 =item Building external modules on MachTen
6268 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6282 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
6288 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
6294 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6302 =item What's New in Perl ffor MPE/iX
6304 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
6306 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
6308 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6310 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
6312 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6313 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6315 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6319 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6321 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6323 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
6325 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
6327 =item Perl/iX Change History
6343 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
6355 =item Build new extensions
6359 =item Acknowledgements
6367 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6387 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6389 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6391 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6395 =item Frequently asked questions
6399 =item "It does not work"
6401 =item I cannot run external programs
6403 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6406 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6409 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6411 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6419 =item Automatic binary installation
6421 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6423 =item Manual binary installation
6425 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6426 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6427 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6428 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6429 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6435 =item Accessing documentation
6439 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6447 =item GNU C<info> files
6459 =item The short story
6463 =item Getting perl source
6465 =item Application of the patches
6473 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6476 =item Installing the built perl
6478 =item C<a.out>-style build
6486 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6488 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6490 =item Problems with tr or sed
6492 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6494 =item Library ... not found
6496 =item Segfault in make
6498 =item op/sprintf test failure
6502 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6506 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6510 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6512 =item Additional modules:
6514 =item Prebuilt methods:
6516 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6517 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6518 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6519 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6520 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6521 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6522 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6523 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6524 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6525 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6526 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6528 =item Prebuilt variables:
6530 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6536 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6539 =item Identifying DLLs
6541 =item Centralized management of resources
6557 =item F<perl___.exe>
6559 =item Why strange names?
6561 =item Why dynamic linking?
6563 =item Why chimera build?
6571 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6573 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6575 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6577 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6579 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6581 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6591 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
6593 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
6595 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
6598 =item DLL forwarder generation
6602 =item Calls to external programs
6604 =item Memory allocation
6608 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6624 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6634 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
6636 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
6638 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
6640 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
6642 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6644 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6646 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6648 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
6650 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6652 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
6662 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
6670 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
6678 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
6680 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
6682 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
6684 =item QNX auxiliary files
6688 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
6696 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
6706 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
6708 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
6710 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
6712 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
6716 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
6720 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
6732 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6740 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6746 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6752 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
6754 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
6756 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
6760 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6764 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6766 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
6768 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6772 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6774 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6775 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6776 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6782 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
6784 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
6788 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
6790 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
6794 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
6798 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6800 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6804 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
6806 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
6808 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
6818 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
6819 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
6827 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
6829 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
6831 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
6833 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
6835 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
6837 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
6841 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
6847 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
6855 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
6857 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
6863 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6873 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
6875 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
6877 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
6879 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
6881 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
6891 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
6897 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6905 =item Organization of Perl Images
6911 =item Perl Extensions
6913 =item Installing static extensions
6915 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6919 =item File specifications
6925 =item Wildcard expansion
6931 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6937 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6939 =item Command line switches
6945 =item Perl functions
6947 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6948 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6949 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6950 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6952 =item Perl variables
6954 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
6956 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6970 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6978 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6982 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6986 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6988 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6992 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6996 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
6998 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
7002 =item SUPPORT STATUS
7010 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
7012 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7024 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7034 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
7043 new, function, LIST, $threads->join, $threads->detach, threads->self,
7048 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
7051 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
7055 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
7056 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
7062 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
7072 =item Built-in Attributes
7074 locked, method, lvalue
7076 =item Available Subroutines
7080 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
7082 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
7084 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
7092 =item Default exports
7094 =item Available exports
7096 =item Export tags defined
7106 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7118 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
7134 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
7148 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
7162 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
7175 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
7184 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
7190 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
7202 =item List constants
7204 =item Defining multiple constants at once
7206 =item Magic constants
7210 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
7220 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
7231 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
7233 =item The I<splain> Program
7247 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
7261 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
7271 =item subpragma access
7277 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
7288 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
7298 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
7308 =item Adding directories to @INC
7310 =item Deleting directories from @INC
7312 =item Restoring original @INC
7322 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
7333 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
7341 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
7343 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
7349 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
7361 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
7371 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
7373 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
7375 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
7377 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
7379 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
7381 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
7383 =item Overloadable Operations
7385 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
7386 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
7387 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
7389 =item Inheritance and overloading
7391 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
7392 is inherited by derived classes
7396 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
7404 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
7406 =item Copy Constructor
7412 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
7414 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
7415 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
7416 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
7419 =item Losing overloading
7421 =item Run-time Overloading
7423 =item Public functions
7425 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
7427 =item Overloading constants
7429 integer, float, binary, q, qr
7431 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7433 =item Metaphor clash
7439 =item Two-face scalars
7441 =item Two-face references
7443 =item Symbolic calculator
7445 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
7453 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
7454 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7460 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7470 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
7482 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
7484 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
7488 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
7492 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
7500 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
7508 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
7512 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
7522 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
7531 new, function, LIST, $threads->join, $threads->detach, threads->self,
7536 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
7539 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
7543 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
7544 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
7550 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
7561 =item Utility functions
7563 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
7564 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
7572 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
7582 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
7590 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
7591 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
7592 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
7593 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
7594 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
7598 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
7608 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
7610 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
7620 =item DBM Comparisons
7630 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
7640 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
7644 =item Typed lexicals
7646 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
7648 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
7650 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
7652 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
7660 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
7661 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
7662 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
7663 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>
7673 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7683 =item Subroutine Stubs
7685 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7687 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7689 =item Package Lexicals
7691 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7693 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7703 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7711 $keep, $check, $modtime
7715 =item Multiple packages
7723 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7731 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7735 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7743 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7757 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7761 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7763 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7765 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7767 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7771 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7775 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7776 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7780 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7781 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7785 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7789 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7794 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7796 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7800 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7802 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7806 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7810 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7814 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7818 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7820 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7822 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7826 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7830 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7834 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7836 redoop, nextop, lastop
7838 =item B::COP METHODS
7840 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7844 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7846 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7847 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7848 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
7849 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
7856 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7869 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7881 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7893 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7903 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7904 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7905 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7915 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7925 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7926 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7936 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7946 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7947 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7948 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7960 =item Context of ".."
7964 =item Deprecated features
7972 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7982 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7983 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7984 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7986 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7988 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7989 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7990 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7991 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7992 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7993 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7994 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7995 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
8001 =item OP flags abbreviations
8003 =item OP class abbreviations
8007 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
8013 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
8025 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
8035 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
8036 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
8038 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
8048 =item ambient_pragmas
8050 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
8062 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
8074 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
8082 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
8084 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
8085 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
8087 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
8097 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
8107 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8113 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
8125 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
8137 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
8139 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
8151 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
8161 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
8169 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8181 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
8195 =item Standard Exports
8197 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
8198 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
8199 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
8201 =item Optional Exports
8203 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
8204 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
8205 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
8221 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
8225 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
8239 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8249 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8250 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8251 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8261 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
8273 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
8275 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
8277 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
8279 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
8281 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
8283 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
8285 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
8287 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
8289 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
8291 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
8293 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
8295 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
8297 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
8299 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
8301 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
8303 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
8305 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
8307 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
8308 B<:standard>, B<:all>
8312 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
8313 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
8316 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
8318 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
8319 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
8324 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
8328 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
8330 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
8332 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
8334 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
8336 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
8338 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
8340 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
8342 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
8343 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
8345 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
8349 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
8353 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
8355 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
8357 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
8359 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
8361 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
8363 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
8364 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
8366 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
8370 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
8374 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
8376 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
8378 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
8380 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
8384 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
8386 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
8388 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
8392 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
8394 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
8398 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
8402 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
8406 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
8410 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
8414 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
8416 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
8418 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
8422 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
8426 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
8432 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
8433 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
8435 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
8437 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
8438 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
8441 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
8447 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
8451 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
8453 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
8454 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
8455 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
8456 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
8457 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
8459 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
8461 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
8466 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
8468 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
8470 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
8471 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
8473 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
8475 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8479 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
8480 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
8481 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
8482 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
8483 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
8484 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
8485 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
8486 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
8487 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
8488 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
8489 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
8490 ...and many many more..
8492 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
8500 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
8510 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8518 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
8527 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
8529 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
8533 =item Changing the default message
8537 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
8547 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
8555 =item USING CGI::Cookie
8557 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
8561 =item Creating New Cookies
8563 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
8565 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
8567 =item Manipulating Cookies
8569 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
8573 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8581 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
8589 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
8591 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
8593 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
8595 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
8597 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
8599 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
8603 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8611 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
8621 =item Tags that won't be formatted
8623 =item Customizing the Indenting
8635 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
8643 =item USING CGI::Push
8645 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
8649 =item Heterogeneous Pages
8651 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
8655 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
8657 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8665 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
8675 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8683 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8691 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8697 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8707 =item Interactive Mode
8709 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8710 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8711 distribution, ls author, Signals
8719 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8721 =item Programmer's interface
8723 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8725 =item Methods in the other Classes
8727 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8728 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8729 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8730 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8731 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8732 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8733 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8734 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8735 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8736 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8737 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8738 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8739 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8740 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8741 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8742 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8743 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8744 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8745 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8746 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8747 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8748 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8749 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8750 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8751 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8752 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8760 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8764 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8770 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8771 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8772 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8773 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8777 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8779 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8787 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8789 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8793 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8795 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8797 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8803 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8815 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8825 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8838 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8848 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8856 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8858 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8868 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8869 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8870 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8872 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8880 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8890 =item The C<struct()> function
8892 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8894 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8896 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8897 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8899 =item Initializing with C<new>
8905 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8907 =item Author and Modification History
8911 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8919 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8931 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8935 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
8936 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
8937 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
8942 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8943 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8947 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8948 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8949 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8950 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
8951 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
8952 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8956 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8957 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8958 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8959 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8960 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
8961 C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>,
8962 C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>,
8963 C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
8964 C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>,
8965 C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
8966 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
8967 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
8968 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
8969 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
8970 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
8971 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
8972 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
8973 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
8974 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
8975 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
8976 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
8977 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
8978 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
8979 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
8980 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
8981 C<d_htonl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
8982 C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>,
8983 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
8984 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
8985 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
8986 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
8987 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
8988 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
8989 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
8990 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
8991 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
8992 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
8993 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
8994 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
8995 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
8996 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
8997 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
8998 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>,
8999 C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>,
9000 C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>,
9001 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>,
9002 C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>,
9003 C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>,
9004 C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
9005 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
9006 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
9007 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
9008 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
9009 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
9010 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
9011 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
9012 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
9013 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>,
9014 C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
9015 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
9016 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
9017 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
9018 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
9019 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>,
9020 C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>,
9021 C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>,
9022 C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
9023 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
9024 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
9025 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
9026 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
9027 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
9028 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
9029 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
9030 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
9031 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
9032 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
9033 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
9037 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
9038 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
9042 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
9043 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
9048 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
9049 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
9053 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
9057 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
9058 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
9059 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>,
9060 C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
9061 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
9062 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
9063 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
9064 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
9065 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
9066 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
9067 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
9068 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
9069 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
9070 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
9071 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
9072 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
9073 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
9074 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
9075 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
9076 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
9077 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
9078 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
9079 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
9080 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
9084 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
9088 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
9089 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
9090 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
9091 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
9092 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
9093 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
9097 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
9098 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
9099 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
9103 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
9104 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
9108 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
9109 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
9110 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
9111 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
9115 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
9116 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
9120 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
9121 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
9125 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
9126 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
9127 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
9128 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
9132 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
9136 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
9137 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
9141 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
9142 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
9143 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
9144 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
9145 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
9146 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
9147 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
9148 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
9149 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
9150 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
9151 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
9152 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
9153 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
9154 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
9158 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
9159 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
9163 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
9164 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
9165 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
9166 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
9167 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
9168 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
9169 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
9170 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
9171 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
9175 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
9176 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
9177 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
9178 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
9182 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
9186 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
9198 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
9208 =item getcwd and friends
9210 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
9212 =item abs_path and friends
9214 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
9226 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
9238 =item Global Variables
9240 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
9241 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
9246 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
9247 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
9249 =item Client Callback Methods
9251 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
9252 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
9253 CLIENT->output(LIST)
9263 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
9271 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
9275 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
9277 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
9279 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
9281 =item Default Parameters
9283 =item In Memory Databases
9291 =item A Simple Example
9299 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
9301 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
9303 =item The get_dup() Method
9305 =item The find_dup() Method
9307 =item The del_dup() Method
9309 =item Matching Partial Keys
9317 =item The 'bval' Option
9319 =item A Simple Example
9321 =item Extra RECNO Methods
9323 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
9324 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
9327 =item Another Example
9331 =item THE API INTERFACE
9333 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
9334 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
9335 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
9336 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
9340 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
9341 B<filter_fetch_value>
9347 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
9349 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
9353 =item HINTS AND TIPS
9357 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
9359 =item Safe ways to lock a database
9361 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
9363 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
9365 =item The untie() Gotcha
9369 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
9373 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
9375 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
9377 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
9379 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
9399 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
9400 printing and C<eval>
9412 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
9413 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
9414 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
9421 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
9423 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9424 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9425 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9426 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9427 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9428 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9429 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9430 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9431 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9432 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9433 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9434 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9435 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9436 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>)
9456 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
9464 =item PROFILE FORMAT
9476 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
9486 =item Memory footprint debugging
9494 =item A simple scalar string
9496 =item A simple scalar number
9498 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
9500 =item A reference to a simple scalar
9502 =item A reference to an array
9504 =item A reference to a hash
9506 =item Dumping a large array or hash
9508 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
9510 =item A reference to a subroutine
9524 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
9534 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
9542 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
9546 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
9547 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
9548 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9556 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9566 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9570 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
9571 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9583 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
9595 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
9607 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
9608 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
9609 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
9614 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
9615 veryCompact, set, get
9621 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9629 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
9630 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
9631 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
9632 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
9639 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
9652 =head2 Encode - character encodings
9670 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
9672 =item Types of Encodings
9674 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
9675 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
9677 =item Specifying Encodings
9679 1. By name, 2. As an object
9681 =item Encoding Names
9683 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
9684 The name used by the the organization that defined it
9688 =item PERL ENCODING API
9692 =item Generic Encoding Interface
9694 =item Handling Malformed Data
9696 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
9700 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
9702 =item Listing available encodings
9704 =item Defining Aliases
9706 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
9709 =item Defining Encodings
9713 =item Encoding and IO
9715 =item Encoding How to ...
9717 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
9718 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
9720 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
9722 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
9724 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
9726 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
9727 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9731 =item Compiled Encodings
9733 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9734 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9742 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9743 of the Encode extension
9749 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9757 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9759 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9765 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9773 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9786 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9801 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9817 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9829 =item Selecting What To Export
9831 =item Specialised Import Lists
9833 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9835 =item Module Version Checking
9837 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9839 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9845 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9855 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9876 mv source... destination
9878 cp source... destination
9896 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
9906 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
9916 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
9918 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
9922 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
9930 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
9933 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9935 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
9937 WriteMakefileSnippet
9939 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
9940 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9948 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
9960 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
9961 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
9971 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
9981 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
9993 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
9994 packlist(), version()
10002 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
10010 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
10016 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
10026 =item VMS implementation
10028 =item Win32 implementation
10036 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10037 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10045 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
10049 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10050 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10076 test_via_harness (o)
10078 tool_autosplit (override)
10096 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10097 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10111 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10123 =item Preloaded methods
10143 =item SelfLoaded methods
10189 file_name_is_absolute
10195 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
10235 maybe_command_in_dirs
10263 post_initialize (o)
10273 replace_manpage_separator
10287 test_via_harness (o)
10289 test_via_script (o)
10319 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10320 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10330 =item Methods always loaded
10342 =item SelfLoaded methods
10344 guess_name (override)
10348 find_perl (override)
10352 maybe_command (override)
10354 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
10356 perl_script (override)
10358 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10360 replace_manpage_separator
10362 init_others (override)
10364 constants (override)
10368 const_cccmd (override)
10370 pm_to_blib (override)
10372 tool_autosplit (override)
10374 tool_sxubpp (override)
10376 xsubpp_version (override)
10378 tools_other (override)
10388 top_targets (override)
10392 dynamic_lib (override)
10394 dynamic_bs (override)
10396 static_lib (override)
10398 manifypods (override)
10400 processPL (override)
10402 installbin (override)
10404 subdir_x (override)
10408 realclean (override)
10410 dist_basics (override)
10412 dist_core (override)
10414 dist_dir (override)
10416 dist_test (override)
10420 perldepend (override)
10422 makefile (override)
10426 test_via_harness (override)
10428 test_via_script (override)
10430 makeaperl (override)
10432 nicetext (override)
10434 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10435 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10461 test_via_harness (o)
10463 tool_autosplit (override)
10481 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
10491 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
10493 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
10501 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
10505 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
10507 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
10509 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
10511 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
10513 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
10514 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
10515 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
10516 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
10517 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
10518 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
10519 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
10520 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
10521 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
10522 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
10523 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
10524 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
10525 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
10526 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TEST_LIBS,
10527 VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
10529 =item Additional lowercase attributes
10531 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
10534 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
10536 =item Hintsfile support
10538 =item Distribution Support
10540 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
10541 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
10542 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
10544 =item Disabling an extension
10558 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
10566 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
10570 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
10574 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
10575 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
10579 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
10587 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
10599 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
10609 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
10618 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
10626 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
10638 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
10646 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
10656 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
10668 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
10678 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
10682 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
10690 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
10694 C<basename>, C<dirname>
10698 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
10708 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
10722 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
10732 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
10734 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
10746 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
10756 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
10768 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
10776 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
10777 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
10778 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
10788 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
10796 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
10797 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
10798 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
10802 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
10810 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
10822 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
10832 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
10833 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
10834 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
10842 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
10876 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10894 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
10922 file_name_is_absolute
10944 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
10954 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
10987 file_name_is_absolute
11009 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
11025 =item Methods always loaded
11027 canonpath (override)
11045 case_tolerant (override)
11049 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11051 splitpath (override)
11053 splitdir (override)
11067 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
11097 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
11121 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
11135 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
11145 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
11153 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
11161 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
11163 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
11175 =item Temporary files and NFS
11187 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
11201 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
11213 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
11221 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
11227 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
11241 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
11243 =item All-in-one interface
11245 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
11257 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
11267 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
11271 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
11273 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
11281 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
11283 =item Example 2: Using the context
11285 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
11287 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
11291 =item Filter::Simple
11299 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
11307 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
11319 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
11335 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
11343 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
11345 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
11349 =item Simple options
11351 =item A little bit less simple options
11353 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
11355 =item Options with values
11357 =item Options with multiple values
11359 =item Options with hash values
11361 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
11363 =item Options with multiple names
11365 =item Case and abbreviations
11367 =item Summary of Option Specifications
11369 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
11373 =item Advanced Possibilities
11377 =item Object oriented interface
11379 =item Documentation and help texts
11381 =item Storing options in a hash
11385 =item The lonesome dash
11387 =item Argument call-back
11391 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
11393 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
11394 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
11395 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
11396 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
11397 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
11399 =item Return values and Errors
11405 =item Default destinations
11407 =item Alternative option starters
11409 =item Configuration variables
11413 =item Trouble Shooting
11417 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
11419 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
11426 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11430 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
11441 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
11452 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
11463 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
11465 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
11467 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11469 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11471 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
11473 the function super_languages($lang1)
11475 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
11477 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
11479 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
11481 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
11485 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
11487 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
11497 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
11505 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
11507 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
11509 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
11510 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
11511 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
11512 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
11513 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
11514 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
11515 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
11516 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
11517 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
11518 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
11519 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
11520 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
11521 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
11522 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
11523 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
11524 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
11525 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
11526 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
11527 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
11528 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
11529 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
11530 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
11531 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
11532 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
11533 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
11534 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
11535 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
11536 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
11537 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
11538 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
11539 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
11540 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
11541 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
11542 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
11543 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
11544 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
11545 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
11546 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
11547 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
11548 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
11549 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
11550 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
11551 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
11552 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
11553 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
11554 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
11555 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
11556 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
11557 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
11558 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
11559 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
11560 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
11561 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
11562 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
11563 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
11564 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
11565 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
11566 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
11567 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
11568 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
11569 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
11570 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
11571 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
11572 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
11573 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
11574 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
11575 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
11576 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
11577 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
11578 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
11579 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
11580 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
11581 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
11582 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
11583 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
11584 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
11585 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
11586 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
11587 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
11588 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
11589 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
11590 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
11591 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
11592 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
11593 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
11594 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
11595 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
11596 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
11597 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
11598 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
11599 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
11600 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
11601 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
11602 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
11603 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
11604 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
11605 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
11606 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
11607 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
11608 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
11609 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
11610 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
11611 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
11612 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
11613 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
11614 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
11615 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
11616 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
11617 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
11618 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
11619 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
11620 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
11621 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
11622 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
11623 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
11624 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
11625 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
11626 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
11627 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
11631 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11637 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
11655 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
11659 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
11669 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
11677 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11678 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11688 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11698 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11702 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11710 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
11720 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11724 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11725 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11726 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11727 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11739 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11749 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11753 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11763 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11773 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11774 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11784 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
11792 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11793 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11802 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
11812 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11816 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11817 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11818 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11828 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
11842 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11843 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11853 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
11869 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11882 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
11896 hostpath(), peerpath()
11906 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
11915 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11916 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11926 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11936 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11940 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11948 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
11959 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11963 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11964 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11965 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11966 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11978 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11988 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11992 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12002 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12012 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12013 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12023 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
12032 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12033 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
12042 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
12053 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
12057 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
12058 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
12059 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
12069 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
12084 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
12085 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
12095 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
12096 AF_INET domain sockets
12112 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
12125 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
12126 AF_UNIX domain sockets
12140 hostpath(), peerpath()
12150 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
12160 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
12161 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
12172 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
12186 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
12199 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
12209 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12210 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12211 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12222 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
12240 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
12250 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
12251 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
12262 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
12273 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12274 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12275 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12286 =head2 Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util - utility functions for Hangul Syllables
12296 =item Composition and Decomposition
12298 C<$string_decomposed = decomposeHangul($codepoint)>, C<@codepoints =
12299 decomposeHangul($codepoint)>, C<$string_composed =
12300 composeHangul($src_string)>, C<@codepoints_composed =
12301 composeHangul($src_string)>
12303 =item Hangul Syllable Name
12305 C<$name = getHangulName($codepoint)>, C<$codepoint =
12306 parseHangulName($name)>
12316 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15
12320 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
12328 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12329 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
12331 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12337 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
12338 general-utility list subroutines
12346 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12347 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
12349 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12355 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
12356 general-utility scalar subroutines
12364 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
12365 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
12373 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
12381 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12385 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
12393 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
12405 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
12411 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12413 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
12414 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
12420 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12422 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
12428 =item CODE ALIASING
12438 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12442 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
12443 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
12444 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
12445 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
12453 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
12454 identification (ISO 4217)
12472 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12474 code2currency(), currency2code()
12480 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12482 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
12490 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12494 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
12502 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
12519 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12521 code2language(), language2code()
12527 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12529 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
12537 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12541 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
12542 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
12550 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
12558 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12564 =item Construction Methods
12566 =item The "maketext" Method
12568 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
12570 =item Utility Methods
12572 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
12573 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
12574 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
12575 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
12577 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
12581 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
12583 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
12585 =item BRACKET NOTATION
12587 =item AUTO LEXICONS
12589 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
12591 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
12595 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12601 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
12609 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
12613 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
12615 =item The Linguistic View
12617 =item Breaking gettext
12619 =item Replacing gettext
12621 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
12623 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
12625 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
12627 =item Buzzword: Concision
12629 =item The Devil in the Details
12631 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
12639 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
12647 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
12651 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
12659 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
12660 of quoted-printable strings
12668 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12674 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
12683 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12689 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
12699 =item Canonical notation
12703 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
12705 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
12709 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
12710 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
12718 =item Autocreating constants
12724 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
12732 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
12740 Canonical notation, Input, Output
12742 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
12752 =item Rounding mode R
12754 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
12755 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
12756 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
12769 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
12775 use Math::BigInt qw(bstr);
12777 =item Autocreating constants
12783 =item Alternative math libraries
12789 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
12793 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), bdiv, bdiv, Modifying and =,
12794 bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt()
12804 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
12814 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
12818 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
12820 the same terms as Perl itself.
12828 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
12841 =item STRINGIFICATION
12845 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
12851 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
12853 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
12861 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
12869 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
12875 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
12877 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
12881 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12883 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
12887 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
12889 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12891 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
12892 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
12896 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
12902 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
12912 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
12930 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
12932 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
12936 =item OTHER FACILITIES
12942 =item C<flush_cache>
12948 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
12950 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
12958 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
12964 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
12973 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
12984 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
12996 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13004 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13012 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
13021 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
13030 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
13047 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
13055 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
13063 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13069 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13073 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13077 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
13087 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
13093 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
13103 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
13106 =item CLASS METHODS
13108 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
13109 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
13110 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
13120 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
13130 requires_firewall HOST
13132 =item NetConfig VALUES
13134 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
13135 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
13136 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
13140 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
13149 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
13157 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
13169 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
13173 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
13174 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
13175 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
13176 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
13177 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
13178 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
13179 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
13180 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
13181 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
13182 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
13183 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
13184 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
13185 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
13189 =item Methods for the adventurous
13195 =item THE dataconn CLASS
13197 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
13198 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
13200 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
13202 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
13204 =item REPORTING BUGS
13212 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
13220 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
13230 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
13234 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
13235 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
13236 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
13237 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
13238 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
13243 =item Extension methods
13245 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
13246 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
13247 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
13248 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
13257 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
13267 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
13279 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
13283 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
13284 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
13285 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
13286 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
13298 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
13306 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
13312 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
13313 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
13321 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
13333 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
13337 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), mail ( ADDRESS [,
13338 OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail (
13339 ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ),
13340 to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc (
13341 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify
13342 ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
13352 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
13360 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
13361 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
13369 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
13386 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
13394 =item Where to get this document
13396 =item How to contribute to this document
13400 =item Author and Copyright Information
13408 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
13412 =item What is libnet ?
13414 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
13416 =item What other modules do I need ?
13418 =item What machines support libnet ?
13420 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
13424 =item Using Net::FTP
13428 =item How do I download files from a FTP server ?
13430 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
13432 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
13434 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
13437 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
13439 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
13441 =item How do I get a directory listing from a FTP server ?
13443 =item Changeing directory to "" does not fail ?
13445 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
13447 =item I am behind a FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
13450 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
13452 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
13455 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
13458 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
13462 =item Using Net::SMTP
13466 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
13469 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
13471 =item The verify method always returns true ?
13475 =item Debugging scripts
13479 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
13483 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
13487 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
13504 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
13519 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
13536 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
13544 =item THE .netrc FILE
13546 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
13551 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
13555 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
13565 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
13575 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13581 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
13589 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13595 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13599 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13603 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
13615 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
13617 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
13618 or optag, an operator set (opset)
13620 =item Opcode Functions
13622 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
13623 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
13624 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
13627 =item Manipulating Opsets
13629 =item TO DO (maybe)
13635 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
13637 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
13638 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
13639 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
13648 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
13657 a new namespace, an operator mask
13663 =item RECENT CHANGES
13665 =item Methods in class Safe
13667 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13668 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13669 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13670 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13672 =item Some Safety Issues
13674 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13682 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
13695 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
13709 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
13710 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
13711 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
13712 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
13713 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
13714 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
13715 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
13716 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
13717 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
13718 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
13719 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
13720 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
13721 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
13722 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
13723 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
13724 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
13725 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
13726 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
13727 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
13728 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
13729 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
13730 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
13731 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
13732 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
13733 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
13740 =item POSIX::SigAction
13744 =item POSIX::SigSet
13746 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
13748 =item POSIX::Termios
13750 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
13751 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
13752 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
13753 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
13754 values, c_oflag field values
13758 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
13762 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
13766 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
13824 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
13833 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
13837 =item Defaults and how to override them
13847 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
13857 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
13865 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
13866 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
13867 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
13868 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
13869 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
13870 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
13871 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
13875 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
13881 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
13887 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
13899 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
13900 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
13901 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
13902 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
13903 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
13904 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
13905 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
13906 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
13911 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
13912 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
13913 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
13914 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
13915 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
13916 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
13920 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
13921 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
13933 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
13935 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
13938 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
13940 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
13942 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
13944 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
13946 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
13954 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
13966 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
13968 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
13975 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
13981 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
13983 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
13990 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
14002 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
14012 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
14013 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
14028 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
14041 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
14042 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
14048 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
14072 =item B<was_cutting()>
14078 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
14084 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
14090 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
14096 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
14102 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14108 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
14114 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
14120 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
14126 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
14132 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
14138 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
14144 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
14150 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
14156 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
14162 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
14168 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14174 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
14180 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
14186 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
14192 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
14198 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
14204 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
14210 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
14216 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
14222 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
14228 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
14234 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
14240 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14246 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
14258 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
14270 =item OBJECT METHODS
14278 =item Data Accessors
14294 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
14296 B<StartWithNewPage>
14310 =item Subclassed methods
14324 B<interior_sequence>
14340 =item Methods for headings
14348 =item Internal methods
14354 B<_replace_special_chars>
14360 B<_clean_latex_commands>
14376 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
14384 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
14389 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
14390 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
14391 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown sequence %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back
14399 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14403 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
14417 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
14425 $list-E<gt>indent()
14433 $list-E<gt>parent()
14439 =item Pod::Hyperlink
14441 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
14445 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
14447 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
14451 $link-E<gt>warning()
14453 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
14459 $link-E<gt>alttext()
14469 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
14475 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
14479 =item Pod::Cache::Item
14481 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
14485 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
14487 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
14489 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
14491 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
14493 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
14495 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
14497 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
14507 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
14519 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14521 =item PARSING OPTIONS
14523 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
14524 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
14530 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14538 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14544 =item B<verbatim()>
14546 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14552 =item B<textblock()>
14554 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14560 =item B<interior_sequence()>
14566 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14578 =item B<initialize()>
14584 =item B<begin_pod()>
14590 =item B<begin_input()>
14596 =item B<end_input()>
14608 =item B<preprocess_line()>
14614 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
14620 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
14626 =item B<parse_text()>
14628 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
14629 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
14630 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
14636 =item B<interpolate()>
14642 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
14648 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
14654 =item B<parse_from_file()>
14660 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
14666 =item B<errorsub()>
14678 =item B<parseopts()>
14684 =item B<output_file()>
14690 =item B<output_handle()>
14696 =item B<input_file()>
14702 =item B<input_handle()>
14708 =item B<input_streams()>
14714 =item B<top_stream()>
14720 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14726 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
14732 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
14738 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
14746 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
14766 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
14779 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
14781 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
14787 =item OBJECT METHODS
14793 =item B<curr_headings()>
14805 =item B<add_selection()>
14811 =item B<clear_selections()>
14817 =item B<match_section()>
14823 =item B<is_selected()>
14829 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
14835 =item B<podselect()>
14837 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
14843 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14849 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
14855 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
14861 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
14873 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
14881 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
14885 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
14886 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
14887 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
14897 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14901 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
14915 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14919 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
14934 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14938 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
14939 text with format escapes
14951 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14955 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
14964 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
14973 =item Recommended Use
14981 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
14985 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
14993 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14999 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15003 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15007 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
15015 a new namespace, an operator mask
15021 =item RECENT CHANGES
15023 =item Methods in class Safe
15025 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
15026 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
15027 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
15028 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
15030 =item Some Safety Issues
15032 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
15040 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
15048 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
15049 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
15057 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
15067 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
15077 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
15087 =item The __DATA__ token
15089 =item SelfLoader autoloading
15091 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
15093 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
15095 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
15097 =item Classes and inherited methods.
15101 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
15105 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
15115 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
15123 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
15124 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
15132 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
15133 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
15134 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
15135 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
15136 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
15140 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
15150 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
15154 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
15156 =item ERROR REPORTING
15164 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
15169 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
15170 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
15194 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
15208 =item Allowing fall-through
15210 =item Automating fall-through
15212 =item Alternative syntax
15214 =item Higher-order Operations
15228 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
15238 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
15250 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
15251 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15259 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15260 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15271 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
15272 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15280 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15281 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15292 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
15302 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
15303 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
15304 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
15308 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
15322 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
15334 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
15342 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
15352 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
15353 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
15361 =item Minimal set of supported functions
15363 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
15364 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
15366 =item Additional supported functions
15368 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
15378 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
15404 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
15408 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15418 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
15428 =item The test script output
15430 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
15431 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
15432 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
15436 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
15461 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
15462 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
15463 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
15464 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
15468 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
15469 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
15484 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
15494 =item I love it when a plan comes together
15498 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
15528 =item Conditional tests
15538 =item Comparision functions
15552 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15554 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family have some caveats, Test::Harness
15565 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
15597 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Pod::Tests>, L<SelfTest>,
15602 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
15610 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
15612 =item Where to start?
15616 =item Test the manual
15618 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
15620 =item Testing lots of values
15622 =item Informative names
15624 =item Skipping tests
15628 =item Testing with taint mode.
15636 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
15648 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
15658 =item General behaviour in list contexts
15662 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
15664 =item A note about prefixes
15666 =item C<extract_delimited>
15668 =item C<extract_bracketed>
15670 =item C<extract_tagged>
15672 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
15673 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
15675 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
15677 =item C<extract_quotelike>
15679 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
15681 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
15683 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
15685 =item C<extract_codeblock>
15687 =item C<extract_multiple>
15689 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
15695 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
15696 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
15697 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
15698 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
15699 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
15700 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
15701 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
15702 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
15703 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
15704 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
15705 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
15706 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
15711 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15717 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
15732 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
15749 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
15764 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
15780 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
15793 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
15794 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
15795 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
15799 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
15807 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
15815 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15817 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
15823 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
15831 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15833 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
15837 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
15849 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
15859 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
15867 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
15868 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
15869 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
15870 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
15878 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
15887 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
15888 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
15889 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
15890 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
15892 =item MORE INFORMATION
15894 =item COMPATIBILITY
15898 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
15906 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
15907 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
15911 =item MORE INFORMATION
15915 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
15933 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
15942 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
15944 =item MORE INFORMATION
15948 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
15960 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday
15968 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
15969 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
15970 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
15971 getitimer ( $which )
15987 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
15995 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16001 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
16016 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
16031 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
16043 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
16051 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
16052 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
16056 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
16066 =item Constructor and Tailoring
16068 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
16069 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
16070 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
16072 =item Other methods
16074 C<@sorted = $UCA-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result = $UCA-E<gt>cmp($a,
16075 $b)>, C<$sortKey = $UCA-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
16076 $UCA-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
16077 $UCA-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
16089 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, L<Unicode::Normalize>, Unicode Collation
16090 Algorithm - Unicode TR #10
16094 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text
16102 C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>,
16103 C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>,
16104 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)>
16116 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
16120 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
16162 =item Blocks versus Scripts
16164 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
16166 =item Code Point Arguments
16192 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
16198 =item Implementation Note
16208 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
16223 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
16234 =item System Specifics
16248 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
16256 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
16258 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
16259 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
16260 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
16261 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
16262 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
16263 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
16264 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
16265 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
16266 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
16267 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
16268 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
16269 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
16270 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
16271 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
16272 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
16273 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
16279 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
16297 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
16309 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
16311 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
16312 don't all have manual pages yet:
16338 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles